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09cc05ba8f7417bb	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_state_highways', 'title': 'List of New Zealand state highways', 'header': ['No', 'From', 'To', 'Via', 'Length ( km )', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '1S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_1', 'summary': 'State Highway 1 ( SH 1 ) is the longest and most significant road in the New Zealand road network , running the length of both main islands . It appears on road maps as SH 1 and on road signs as a white number 1 on a red shield , but it has the official designations SH 1N in the North Island , SH 1S in the South Island . SH 1 is 2,033 kilometres ( 1,263 mi ) long , 1,081 km ( 672 mi ) in the North Island and 952 km ( 592 mi ) in the South Island . For the majority of its length it is a two-lane single carriageway , with at-grade intersections and property accesses , in both rural and urban areas . These sections have some passing lanes . Around 220 km ( 140 mi ) of SH 1 is of motorway or expressway standard as of October 2017 [ update ] : 191 km ( 119 mi ) in the North Island and 28 km ( 17 mi ) in the South Island . Current road construction will see an extra 102 km ( 63 mi ) in the North Island and 6 km ( 4 mi ) in the South Island upgraded to motorway or expressway standard by 2022 .'}]}, {'value': 'Picton Ferry Terminal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Picton,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Picton ( Māori : Waitohi ) is a town in the Marlborough Region of New Zealand 's South Island . The town is located near the head of the Queen Charlotte Sound , 25 km ( 16 mi ) north of Blenheim and 65 km ( 40 mi ) west of Wellington . Waikawa lies just north-east of Picton . Picton is a major hub in New Zealand 's transport network , connecting the South Island road and rail network with ferries across Cook Strait to Wellington and the North Island . The town has a population of 4,350 ( June 2018 ) , making it the second-largest town in the Marlborough Region behind Blenheim . It is the easternmost town in the South Island with a population of at least 1,000 people ."}]}, {'value': 'Bluff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bluff,_New_Zealand', 'summary': 'Bluff ( Māori : Motupōhue ) , previously known as Campbelltown and often referred to as The Bluff , is a town and seaport in the Southland region , on the southern coast of the South Island of New Zealand . It is the southernmost town in mainland New Zealand and , despite Slope Point and Stewart Island being further south , Bluff is colloquially used to refer to the southern extremity of the country ( particularly in the phrase from Cape Reinga to The Bluff ) . According to the 2006 census , the resident population was 1,850 , a decrease of 85 since 2001 . The Bluff area was one of the earliest areas of New Zealand where a European presence became established . The first ship known to have entered the harbour was the Perseverance in 1813 , in search of flax trading possibilities , with the first European settlers arriving in 1823 or 1824 . This is the foundation for the claim that Bluff is the oldest permanent European settlement in the country . However , the missionary settlement at Kerikeri was both earlier and larger . The town was officially called Campbelltown in 1856 , became a borough in 1878 , and was renamed Bluff in 1917 .'}]}, {'value': 'Blenheim , Kaikoura , Christchurch , Timaru , Dunedin , Gore , Invercargill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blenheim,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Blenheim ( /ˈblɛnɪm/ BLEN-im ; Māori : Waiharakeke ) is the most populous town in the region of Marlborough , in the north east of the South Island of New Zealand . It has an urban population of 31,600 ( June 2018 ) . The surrounding Marlborough wine region is well known as the centre of the New Zealand wine industry . It enjoys one of New Zealand 's sunniest climates , with warm , relatively dry summers and cool , crisp winters . Blenheim is named after the Battle of Blenheim ( 1704 ) , where troops led by John Churchill , 1st Duke of Marlborough defeated a combined French and Bavarian force . The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of flax stream for Waiharakeke ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kaikoura', 'summary': 'Kaikoura ( /kaɪˈkɔːrə/ ; officially Kaikōura ) is a town on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand . It is located on State Highway 1 , 180 km north of Christchurch . The town has an estimated permanent resident population of 2,150 ( as of June 2018 ) . The town is the governmental seat of the territorial authority of the Kaikoura District , which is politically a part of the Canterbury region . Kaikoura was the first local authority in the Southern Hemisphere to achieve recognition by the EarthCheck Community Standard . The infrastructure of Kaikoura was heavily damaged in the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake , which caused two deaths in the area . The bay and surrounding region were uplifted by as much as 2 metres .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Christchurch', 'summary': "Christchurch ( /ˈkraɪstʃɜːrtʃ/ ; Māori : Ōtautahi ) is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand and the seat of the Canterbury Region . The Christchurch urban area lies on the South Island 's east coast , just north of Banks Peninsula . The urban area is home to 377,200 residents , and the territorial authority has 385,500 people , which makes it the second-most populous city in New Zealand after Auckland and before Wellington . The Avon River flows through the centre of the city , with an urban park located along its banks . Archaeological evidence has indicated that people first settled in the Christchurch area in about 1250 . Christchurch became a city by Royal Charter on 31 July 1856 , making it officially the oldest established city in New Zealand . The Canterbury Association , which settled the Canterbury Plains , named the city after Christ Church , Oxford . The new settlement was laid out in a grid pattern centred on Cathedral Square ; during the 19th century there were few barriers to the rapid growth of the urban area , except for the Pacific to the east and the Port Hills to the south . Agriculture is the historic mainstay of Christchurch 's economy . The early presence of the University of Canterbury and the heritage of the city 's academic institutions in association with local businesses has fostered a number of technology-based industries . Christchurch is one of five 'gateway cities ' for Antarctic exploration , hosting Antarctic support bases for several nations . The city suffered a series of earthquakes between September 2010 and January 2012 , with the most destructive of them occurring at 12.51 p.m. on Tuesday , 22 February 2011 , in which 185 people were killed and thousands of buildings across the city collapsed or suffered severe damage ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Timaru', 'summary': "Timaru ( English : /ˈtɪməˌruː/ ; Māori : Te Tihi-o-Maru ) is a port city in the southern Canterbury region of New Zealand , located 157 kilometres ( 98 mi ) southwest of Christchurch and about 196 kilometres ( 122 mi ) northeast of Dunedin on the eastern Pacific coast of the South Island . The Timaru urban area is home to 29,100 people , and is the largest urban area in South Canterbury , and the second largest in the Canterbury Region overall , after Christchurch . The city is the seat of the Timaru District , which includes the surrounding rural area and the towns of Geraldine , Pleasant Point and Temuka , which combined has a total population of 47,700 . Caroline Bay beach is a popular recreational area located close to Timaru 's city centre , just to the north of the substantial port facilities . Beyond Caroline Bay , the industrial suburb of Washdyke is at a major junction with State Highway 8 , the main route into the Mackenzie Country . This provides a road link to Pleasant Point , Fairlie , Twizel , Lake Tekapo , Aoraki / Mount Cook and Queenstown . Timaru has been built on rolling hills created from the lava flows of the extinct Mt Horrible volcano , which last erupted thousands of years ago . The result is that most of the main streets are undulating , a clear contrast with the flat landscape of the Canterbury Plains to the north . This volcanic rock is used for the construction of local bluestone buildings ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dunedin', 'summary': "Dunedin ( /dʌˈniːdɪn/ ( listen ) duh-NEE-din ; Māori : Ōtepoti ) is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand ( after Christchurch ) , and the principal city of the Otago region . Its name comes from Dùn Èideann , the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh , the capital of Scotland . The urban area of Dunedin lies on the central-eastern coast of Otago , surrounding the head of Otago Harbour , and the harbour and hills around Dunedin are the remnants of an extinct volcano . The city suburbs extend out into the surrounding valleys and hills , onto the isthmus of the Otago Peninsula , and along the shores of the Otago Harbour and the Pacific Ocean . Dunedin was the largest New Zealand city by territorial land area until superseded by Auckland with the formation of the Auckland Council in November 2010 . Archaeological evidence points to lengthy occupation of the area by Māori prior to the arrival of Europeans . The province and region of Otago takes its name from the Ngai Tahu village of Otakou at the mouth of the harbour , which became a whaling station in the 1830s . In 1848 a Scottish settlement was established by the Lay Association of the Free Church of Scotland . Between 1855 and 1900 many thousands of Scots emigrated to the incorporated city . Dunedin became wealthy during the Central Otago Gold Rush , beginning in the 1860s . In the mid-1860s , and between 1878 and 1881 , it was New Zealand 's largest urban area . The city population at 5 March 2013 was 120,246 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gore,_New_Zealand', 'summary': 'Gore ( Māori : Maruawai ) is a town and district in the Southland region of the South Island of New Zealand .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Invercargill', 'summary': 'Invercargill ( /ˌɪnvərˈkɑːrɡɪl/ , Māori : Waihōpai ) is the southernmost and westernmost city in New Zealand , and one of the southernmost cities in the world . It is the commercial centre of the Southland region . The city lies in the heart of the wide expanse of the Southland Plains on the Oreti or New River some 18 km north of Bluff , which is the southernmost town in the South Island . It sits amid rich farmland that is bordered by large areas of conservation land and marine reserves , including Fiordland National Park covering the south-west corner of the South Island and the Catlins coastal region . Many streets in the city , especially in the centre and main shopping district , are named after rivers in Great Britain , mainly Scotland . These include the main streets Dee and Tay , as well as those named after the Tweed , Forth , Tyne , Esk , Don , Ness , Yarrow , Spey and Eye rivers . The 2013 census showed the population was 51,696 , up 2.7% on the 2006 census number .'}]}, {'value': '940.7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SH 1S is used in official documentation , SH 1 on maps and signs . Interislander ferry connects State Highway 1N and State Highway 1S between Wellington and Picton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Interislander', 'summary': "Interislander is a road and rail ferry service across New Zealand 's Cook Strait , between Wellington in the North Island and Picton in the South Island . It is owned and operated by state-owned rail operator KiwiRail . Three roll-on roll-off ( RORO ) vessels operate the 50 nautical miles ( 93 km ; 58 mi ) route , taking about three hours to complete the crossing . The inter-island rail ferry service began in August 1962 by the New Zealand Railways Department ( NZR ) . The service primarily provided a RORO rail link between its North and South Island networks , allowing NZR to compete directly with coastal shipping companies for inter-island freight . It also provided the first RORO road link between the two islands , which saw the Wellington to Picton ferries compete with , and then completely replace , the Union Company 's Wellington-Lyttelton ferry service . Today , the Interislander service is still well patronised despite competition on the Wellington-Picton sea route with Bluebridge and from airlines , carrying around one million passengers and 230,000 vehicles per year on 5,500 sailings . In 2017 , Interislander became part of The Great Journeys of New Zealand , a new tourism brand created by KiwiRail to unite their four scenic passenger services : Interislander , Northern Explorer , Coastal Pacific and the TranzAlpine ."}, {'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_1', 'summary': 'State Highway 1 ( SH 1 ) is the longest and most significant road in the New Zealand road network , running the length of both main islands . It appears on road maps as SH 1 and on road signs as a white number 1 on a red shield , but it has the official designations SH 1N in the North Island , SH 1S in the South Island . SH 1 is 2,033 kilometres ( 1,263 mi ) long , 1,081 km ( 672 mi ) in the North Island and 952 km ( 592 mi ) in the South Island . For the majority of its length it is a two-lane single carriageway , with at-grade intersections and property accesses , in both rural and urban areas . These sections have some passing lanes . Around 220 km ( 140 mi ) of SH 1 is of motorway or expressway standard as of October 2017 [ update ] : 191 km ( 119 mi ) in the North Island and 28 km ( 17 mi ) in the South Island . Current road construction will see an extra 102 km ( 63 mi ) in the North Island and 6 km ( 4 mi ) in the South Island upgraded to motorway or expressway standard by 2022 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_1', 'summary': 'State Highway 1 ( SH 1 ) is the longest and most significant road in the New Zealand road network , running the length of both main islands . It appears on road maps as SH 1 and on road signs as a white number 1 on a red shield , but it has the official designations SH 1N in the North Island , SH 1S in the South Island . SH 1 is 2,033 kilometres ( 1,263 mi ) long , 1,081 km ( 672 mi ) in the North Island and 952 km ( 592 mi ) in the South Island . For the majority of its length it is a two-lane single carriageway , with at-grade intersections and property accesses , in both rural and urban areas . These sections have some passing lanes . Around 220 km ( 140 mi ) of SH 1 is of motorway or expressway standard as of October 2017 [ update ] : 191 km ( 119 mi ) in the North Island and 28 km ( 17 mi ) in the South Island . Current road construction will see an extra 102 km ( 63 mi ) in the North Island and 6 km ( 4 mi ) in the South Island upgraded to motorway or expressway standard by 2022 .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_6', 'summary': "State Highway 6 is a major New Zealand state highway . It extends from the northeastern corner of the South Island across the top of the island , then down the length of the island , initially along the West Coast and then across the Southern Alps through inland Otago and finally across the Southland Plains to the island 's south coast . Distances are measured from north to south . The highway is the longest single highway in the country , though it is shorter than the combined totals of the two highways that comprise State Highway 1 , SHs 1N and 1S . For most of its length SH6 is a two-lane single carriageway , except for 5.4 km of dual carriageway in Invercargill , and passing lanes in Invercargill and Nelson , with at-grade intersections and property accesses , both in rural and urban areas . Roundabouts are common in major towns , with traffic signals only found in Invercargill , Queenstown , and Richmond , with signals also controlling Iron Bridge in the upper Buller gorge and Fern Arch in the lower Buller gorge near Westport . NZTA classified the highway as an arterial route , except for two sections between Blenheim ( SH 1 ) and Richmond ( SH 60 ) and between Cromwell ( SH 8B ) and Five Rivers ( SH 97 ) where SH 6 is classified as a regional strategic route ."}]}, {'value': 'SH 1 at Blenheim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blenheim,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Blenheim ( /ˈblɛnɪm/ BLEN-im ; Māori : Waiharakeke ) is the most populous town in the region of Marlborough , in the north east of the South Island of New Zealand . It has an urban population of 31,600 ( June 2018 ) . The surrounding Marlborough wine region is well known as the centre of the New Zealand wine industry . It enjoys one of New Zealand 's sunniest climates , with warm , relatively dry summers and cool , crisp winters . Blenheim is named after the Battle of Blenheim ( 1704 ) , where troops led by John Churchill , 1st Duke of Marlborough defeated a combined French and Bavarian force . The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of flax stream for Waiharakeke ."}]}, {'value': 'SH 1 at Invercargill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Invercargill', 'summary': 'Invercargill ( /ˌɪnvərˈkɑːrɡɪl/ , Māori : Waihōpai ) is the southernmost and westernmost city in New Zealand , and one of the southernmost cities in the world . It is the commercial centre of the Southland region . The city lies in the heart of the wide expanse of the Southland Plains on the Oreti or New River some 18 km north of Bluff , which is the southernmost town in the South Island . It sits amid rich farmland that is bordered by large areas of conservation land and marine reserves , including Fiordland National Park covering the south-west corner of the South Island and the Catlins coastal region . Many streets in the city , especially in the centre and main shopping district , are named after rivers in Great Britain , mainly Scotland . These include the main streets Dee and Tay , as well as those named after the Tweed , Forth , Tyne , Esk , Don , Ness , Yarrow , Spey and Eye rivers . The 2013 census showed the population was 51,696 , up 2.7% on the 2006 census number .'}]}, {'value': 'Nelson , Westport , Greymouth , Hokitika', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Nelson ( Māori : Whakatū ) is a city on the eastern shores of Tasman Bay . Nelson is the oldest city in the South Island and the second-oldest settled city in New Zealand - it was established in 1841 and was proclaimed a city by royal charter in 1858 . Nelson City is bordered to the west and south-west by Tasman District Council and to the north-east , east and south-east by Marlborough District Council . The city does not include Richmond , the area 's second-largest settlement . Nelson City has a population of around 50,000 , making it New Zealand 's 12th most populous city . When combined with the town of Richmond , which has roughly 15,000 residents , the whole conurbation is ranked as New Zealand 's 9th largest urban area by population . Nelson is well known for its thriving local arts and crafts scene ; each year , the city hosts events popular with locals and tourists alike , such as the Nelson Arts Festival . The annual Wearable Art Awards began near Nelson and a local museum , World of Wearable Art now showcases winning designs alongside a collection of classic cars ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Westport,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Westport ( Māori : Kawatiri ) is a town in the West Coast region of the South Island of New Zealand . It is on the northern bank and at the mouth of the Buller River , close by the prominent headland of Cape Foulwind . It is connected via State Highway 6 with Greymouth , 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) to the south , and with Nelson 222 kilometres ( 138 mi ) in the northeast , via the Buller Gorge . The town is thought to have been named after Westport , County Mayo in Ireland , although the choice of name was no doubt also guided by the town 's location . The population of the Westport urban area was 4,035 in the 2013 census , an increase of 138 from 2006 . Including the surrounding area of Orowaiti , the 2013 population was 4,755 . The Buller District had a population of 10,473 in 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Greymouth', 'summary': "Greymouth ( /ˈɡreɪmaʊθ/ ) ( Māori : Māwhera ) is the largest town in the West Coast region in the South Island of New Zealand , and the seat of the Grey District Council . The population of the whole Grey District is 13,750 , which accounts for 42% of the West Coast 's inhabitants . The Greymouth urban area had an estimated population of 9,700 ( June 2018 ) . The District Council expects growth of 1.5% per year between 2006 and 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hokitika', 'summary': "Hokitika is a small town in the West Coast region of New Zealand 's South Island , 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) south of Greymouth , and close to the mouth of the Hokitika River . According to the 2013 New Zealand census , the usually-resident population of the Hokitika urban area was 2,967 , a decrease of 111 people since 2006 . There are 876 people living in rural Hokitika , an increase of 48 people since the 2006 Census . On a clear day Aoraki / Mount Cook can clearly be seen from Hokitika 's main street ."}]}, {'value': '1162.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The longest single-island State Highway', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_6', 'summary': "State Highway 6 is a major New Zealand state highway . It extends from the northeastern corner of the South Island across the top of the island , then down the length of the island , initially along the West Coast and then across the Southern Alps through inland Otago and finally across the Southland Plains to the island 's south coast . Distances are measured from north to south . The highway is the longest single highway in the country , though it is shorter than the combined totals of the two highways that comprise State Highway 1 , SHs 1N and 1S . For most of its length SH6 is a two-lane single carriageway , except for 5.4 km of dual carriageway in Invercargill , and passing lanes in Invercargill and Nelson , with at-grade intersections and property accesses , both in rural and urban areas . Roundabouts are common in major towns , with traffic signals only found in Invercargill , Queenstown , and Richmond , with signals also controlling Iron Bridge in the upper Buller gorge and Fern Arch in the lower Buller gorge near Westport . NZTA classified the highway as an arterial route , except for two sections between Blenheim ( SH 1 ) and Richmond ( SH 60 ) and between Cromwell ( SH 8B ) and Five Rivers ( SH 97 ) where SH 6 is classified as a regional strategic route ."}]}, {'value': 'SH 6 at Frankton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frankton,_Otago', 'summary': 'Frankton is a suburb of the town of Queenstown in the South Island of New Zealand , formerly a separate settlement .'}]}, {'value': 'Queenstown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queenstown,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Queenstown ( Māori : Tāhuna ) is a resort town in Otago in the south-west of New Zealand 's South Island . It has an urban population of 15,850 ( June 2018 ) , making it the 27th-largest urban area in New Zealand . In 2016 , Queenstown overtook Oamaru to become the second-largest urban area in Otago , behind Dunedin . The town is built around an inlet called Queenstown Bay on Lake Wakatipu , a long , thin , Z-shaped lake formed by glacial processes , and has views of nearby mountains such as The Remarkables , Cecil Peak , Walter Peak and just above the town , Ben Lomond and Queenstown Hill . The Queenstown-Lakes District has a land area of 8,704.97 square kilometres ( 3,361.01 sq mi ) not counting its inland lakes ( Lake Hāwea , Lake Wakatipu , and Lake Wanaka ) . The region has an estimated resident population of 40,200 ( June 2018 ) . Neighbouring towns include Arrowtown , Glenorchy , Kingston , Wanaka , Alexandra , and Cromwell . The nearest cities are Dunedin and Invercargill . Queenstown is known for its commerce-oriented tourism , especially adventure and ski tourism ."}]}, {'value': 'Frankton , Queenstown central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queenstown,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Queenstown ( Māori : Tāhuna ) is a resort town in Otago in the south-west of New Zealand 's South Island . It has an urban population of 15,850 ( June 2018 ) , making it the 27th-largest urban area in New Zealand . In 2016 , Queenstown overtook Oamaru to become the second-largest urban area in Otago , behind Dunedin . The town is built around an inlet called Queenstown Bay on Lake Wakatipu , a long , thin , Z-shaped lake formed by glacial processes , and has views of nearby mountains such as The Remarkables , Cecil Peak , Walter Peak and just above the town , Ben Lomond and Queenstown Hill . The Queenstown-Lakes District has a land area of 8,704.97 square kilometres ( 3,361.01 sq mi ) not counting its inland lakes ( Lake Hāwea , Lake Wakatipu , and Lake Wanaka ) . The region has an estimated resident population of 40,200 ( June 2018 ) . Neighbouring towns include Arrowtown , Glenorchy , Kingston , Wanaka , Alexandra , and Cromwell . The nearest cities are Dunedin and Invercargill . Queenstown is known for its commerce-oriented tourism , especially adventure and ski tourism ."}]}, {'value': '6.9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Connection between Queenstown International Airport and Queenstown central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queenstown_International_Airport', 'summary': 'Queenstown Airport ( IATA : ZQN , ICAO : NZQN ) is located in Frankton , Otago , New Zealand , and serves the resort town of Queenstown . The airport is 8 km ( 5.0 mi ) from the Queenstown CBD . The airport handled 2.25 million passengers as of 2018 making it the fourth busiest airport in New Zealand by passenger traffic . The airport consists of two runways , one of which is paved , and has a single-level terminal building with nine gates .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Queenstown,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Queenstown ( Māori : Tāhuna ) is a resort town in Otago in the south-west of New Zealand 's South Island . It has an urban population of 15,850 ( June 2018 ) , making it the 27th-largest urban area in New Zealand . In 2016 , Queenstown overtook Oamaru to become the second-largest urban area in Otago , behind Dunedin . The town is built around an inlet called Queenstown Bay on Lake Wakatipu , a long , thin , Z-shaped lake formed by glacial processes , and has views of nearby mountains such as The Remarkables , Cecil Peak , Walter Peak and just above the town , Ben Lomond and Queenstown Hill . The Queenstown-Lakes District has a land area of 8,704.97 square kilometres ( 3,361.01 sq mi ) not counting its inland lakes ( Lake Hāwea , Lake Wakatipu , and Lake Wanaka ) . The region has an estimated resident population of 40,200 ( June 2018 ) . Neighbouring towns include Arrowtown , Glenorchy , Kingston , Wanaka , Alexandra , and Cromwell . The nearest cities are Dunedin and Invercargill . Queenstown is known for its commerce-oriented tourism , especially adventure and ski tourism ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_7', 'summary': "State Highway 7 is a major New Zealand state highway . One of the eight national highways , it crosses the Southern Alps to link the West Coast Region with Canterbury and to form a link between the South Island 's two longest highways , State Highway 1 and State Highway 6 . Distances are measured from east to west with the major junction list going from east to west . For most of its length SH 7 is a two-lane single carriageway , with at-grade intersections and property accesses , both in rural and urban areas . There are a number of passing lanes at irregular intervals through the rural sections . The New Zealand Transport Agency classifies SH 7 as a primary collector highway , preferring SH 73 via Arthur 's Pass as the strategic highway between Canterbury and the West Coast ."}]}, {'value': 'SH 1 at Waipara ( 60 km north of Christchurch )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waipara', 'summary': 'Waipara is a small town in north Canterbury , New Zealand , on the banks of the Waipara River . Its name translates to Muddy Water , wai meaning water and para meaning mud . It is at the junction of state highways 1 and 7 , 60 kilometres north of Christchurch . It is also situated on the Main North Line railway . Waipara lies at one of the points of the Alpine Pacific Triangle , which also includes the major tourist centers of Hanmer Springs and Kaikoura . The Weka Pass Railway has its base in Waipara , and runs on 12 kilometres of track between there and Waikari over the former route of the Waiau Branch , a branch line railway that diverged from the Main North Line and ran to Waiau . The Waipara region has a reputation as a premium area for the production of Pinot noir , Riesling and Chardonnay . Waipara has the highest summer temperatures and the lowest rainfall of any of the New Zealand wine regions . Because of this , Waipara has over 26 wineries and 80 vineyards within the valley , which collectively produce around 100,000 cases of award-winning wine in an average year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Christchurch', 'summary': "Christchurch ( /ˈkraɪstʃɜːrtʃ/ ; Māori : Ōtautahi ) is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand and the seat of the Canterbury Region . The Christchurch urban area lies on the South Island 's east coast , just north of Banks Peninsula . The urban area is home to 377,200 residents , and the territorial authority has 385,500 people , which makes it the second-most populous city in New Zealand after Auckland and before Wellington . The Avon River flows through the centre of the city , with an urban park located along its banks . Archaeological evidence has indicated that people first settled in the Christchurch area in about 1250 . Christchurch became a city by Royal Charter on 31 July 1856 , making it officially the oldest established city in New Zealand . The Canterbury Association , which settled the Canterbury Plains , named the city after Christ Church , Oxford . The new settlement was laid out in a grid pattern centred on Cathedral Square ; during the 19th century there were few barriers to the rapid growth of the urban area , except for the Pacific to the east and the Port Hills to the south . Agriculture is the historic mainstay of Christchurch 's economy . The early presence of the University of Canterbury and the heritage of the city 's academic institutions in association with local businesses has fostered a number of technology-based industries . Christchurch is one of five 'gateway cities ' for Antarctic exploration , hosting Antarctic support bases for several nations . The city suffered a series of earthquakes between September 2010 and January 2012 , with the most destructive of them occurring at 12.51 p.m. on Tuesday , 22 February 2011 , in which 185 people were killed and thousands of buildings across the city collapsed or suffered severe damage ."}]}, {'value': 'SH 6 at Greymouth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greymouth', 'summary': "Greymouth ( /ˈɡreɪmaʊθ/ ) ( Māori : Māwhera ) is the largest town in the West Coast region in the South Island of New Zealand , and the seat of the Grey District Council . The population of the whole Grey District is 13,750 , which accounts for 42% of the West Coast 's inhabitants . The Greymouth urban area had an estimated population of 9,700 ( June 2018 ) . The District Council expects growth of 1.5% per year between 2006 and 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Lewis Pass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lewis_Pass', 'summary': "Lewis Pass ( el . 907 m. ) is a mountain pass in the South Island of New Zealand . The northernmost of the three main passes across the Southern Alps , it is higher than the Haast Pass , and slightly lower than Arthur 's Pass . State Highway 7 traverses the pass on its route between north Canterbury and the West Coast ; it passes through extensive unmodified beech forest . The pass is the saddle between the valleys of the Maruia River to the northwest and the Lewis River to the southeast . The saddle is located close to the small spa of Maruia Springs . The Lewis Pass is named after Henry Lewis who , together with Christopher Maling , was the first European to discover the pass , in April 1860 while working as a surveyor of the Nelson Provincial Survey Department . Before this time the pass was used by the Ngāi Tahu Māori of Canterbury to transport Pounamu ( greenstone ) from the west coast . The area around Lewis Pass is protected as a national reserve . There are a number of tramping routes in the Lewis Pass area , including the St James Walkway . The short Alpine Nature Walk loop walk around an alpine wetland and tarn can be accessed from a carpark near the saddle ."}]}, {'value': '272.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_7', 'summary': "State Highway 7 is a major New Zealand state highway . One of the eight national highways , it crosses the Southern Alps to link the West Coast Region with Canterbury and to form a link between the South Island 's two longest highways , State Highway 1 and State Highway 6 . Distances are measured from east to west with the major junction list going from east to west . For most of its length SH 7 is a two-lane single carriageway , with at-grade intersections and property accesses , both in rural and urban areas . There are a number of passing lanes at irregular intervals through the rural sections . The New Zealand Transport Agency classifies SH 7 as a primary collector highway , preferring SH 73 via Arthur 's Pass as the strategic highway between Canterbury and the West Coast ."}]}, {'value': 'SH 7 at Waiau Bridge', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hanmer Springs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hanmer_Springs', 'summary': 'Hanmer Springs is a small town in the Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_8', 'summary': "State Highway 8 is one of New Zealand 's eight national highways . It forms an anticlockwise loop through the southern scenic regions of the Mackenzie Basin and Central Otago , starting and terminating in junctions with State Highway 1 . Distances are measured from north to south . For most of its length SH8 is a two-lane single carriageway , with at-grade intersections and property accesses directly off the road , both in rural and urban areas ."}]}, {'value': 'SH 1 at Timaru', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Timaru', 'summary': "Timaru ( English : /ˈtɪməˌruː/ ; Māori : Te Tihi-o-Maru ) is a port city in the southern Canterbury region of New Zealand , located 157 kilometres ( 98 mi ) southwest of Christchurch and about 196 kilometres ( 122 mi ) northeast of Dunedin on the eastern Pacific coast of the South Island . The Timaru urban area is home to 29,100 people , and is the largest urban area in South Canterbury , and the second largest in the Canterbury Region overall , after Christchurch . The city is the seat of the Timaru District , which includes the surrounding rural area and the towns of Geraldine , Pleasant Point and Temuka , which combined has a total population of 47,700 . Caroline Bay beach is a popular recreational area located close to Timaru 's city centre , just to the north of the substantial port facilities . Beyond Caroline Bay , the industrial suburb of Washdyke is at a major junction with State Highway 8 , the main route into the Mackenzie Country . This provides a road link to Pleasant Point , Fairlie , Twizel , Lake Tekapo , Aoraki / Mount Cook and Queenstown . Timaru has been built on rolling hills created from the lava flows of the extinct Mt Horrible volcano , which last erupted thousands of years ago . The result is that most of the main streets are undulating , a clear contrast with the flat landscape of the Canterbury Plains to the north . This volcanic rock is used for the construction of local bluestone buildings ."}]}, {'value': 'SH 1 at Milton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Milton,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Milton , formerly known as Tokomairiro or Tokomairaro , is a town of 2,000 people , located on State Highway 1 , 50 kilometres to the south of Dunedin in Otago , New Zealand . It lies on the floodplain of the Tokomairaro River , one branch of which loops past the north and south ends of the town . This river gives its name to many local features , notably the town 's main school , Tokomairiro High School . Founded as a milling town in the 1850s , there has long been dispute as to the naming of the settlement . The town 's streets are named for prominent British poets , and it is possible that the town 's original intended name of Milltown became shortened by association with the poet of the same name . It is equally possible , however , that the name Milton inspired the choice of poets ' names for the streets ."}]}, {'value': 'Fairlie , Tekapo , Twizel , Cromwell , Alexandra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fairlie,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Fairlie is a Mackenzie District service town located in the Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand . As of the 2013 census , the population was 717 . From 1884 to 1968 , the town was served by the Fairlie Branch railway , though until 1934 , this branch line actually terminated a kilometre beyond Fairlie in Eversley . Fairlie is commonly known as the gateway to the Mackenzie Basin . It was first known as Fairlie 's Creek and supposedly named because it reminded early settlers of Fairlie in Scotland . Fairlie hosts the annual Mackenzie District Agricultural and Pastoral show every Easter Monday . The 105th annual show was in 2006 . Being on the tourist highway between Christchurch and Queenstown , tourism is fast becoming a major industry within the town ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lake_Tekapo_(town)', 'summary': 'Lake Tekapo ( often known simply as Tekapo to avoid confusion with the lake itself ) is a small town ( township ) located at the southern end of the lake of the same name in the inland South Island of New Zealand . It had 369 residents according to the 2013 census , being one of five settlements in the sparsely populated Mackenzie Basin . SH 8 runs directly through the township - 227 km from Christchurch and 256 km from Queenstown . Daily shuttle services link Lake Tekapo to Christchurch and Queenstown . The lake is a popular tourist destination , and several resort hotels are located at the township . Lake Tekapo Airport is located 5 km west of the town . Chartered flights are available at locally based Air Safaris .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Twizel', 'summary': "Twizel ( /ˈtwaɪzəl/ ) is the largest town in the Mackenzie District , in the Canterbury Region of New Zealand 's South Island . The town was founded in 1968 to house construction workers on the Upper Waitaki Hydroelectric Scheme . Twizel has a resident population of 1,280 ( June 2018 ) ; during the summer , holidaymakers nearly triple the town 's population ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cromwell,_New_Zealand', 'summary': 'Cromwell is a town in Central Otago in the Otago region of New Zealand . Cromwell is between State Highway 6 ( linking to Wanaka , 50 km north , and Queenstown , 60 km west ) and State Highway 8 leading to the Lindis Pass , 75 km northeast , and Alexandra , 33 km south . The road to Alexandra winds through the Cromwell Gorge . A point near Cromwell lies 119 kilometres from the sea , the farthest from the sea anywhere in New Zealand . A prominent feature surrounding much of the town is the man-made Lake Dunstan . Cromwell also has the newly constructed Highlands Motorsport Park . Nearby settlements are at Bannockburn , Lowburn , Tarras , and Ripponvale . Cromwell is also the home of the Cromwell Chafer Beetle ( Prodontria lewisi ) . The 45th parallel south runs just North of the township .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alexandra,_New_Zealand', 'summary': 'Alexandra ( Māori : Manuherikia or Areketanara ) is a town in the Central Otago district of the South Island of New Zealand . It is located on the banks of the Clutha River ( at the confluence of the Manuherikia River ) , on State Highway 8 , 188 kilometres ( 117 mi ) by road from Dunedin and 33 kilometres ( 21 mi ) south of Cromwell . At the time of the 2013 census , the permanent population was 4,800 , a decrease of 24 since 2006 . 27.1 per cent of the population ( higher than the national average ) was aged over 65 .'}]}, {'value': '456.7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_8', 'summary': "State Highway 8 is one of New Zealand 's eight national highways . It forms an anticlockwise loop through the southern scenic regions of the Mackenzie Basin and Central Otago , starting and terminating in junctions with State Highway 1 . Distances are measured from north to south . For most of its length SH8 is a two-lane single carriageway , with at-grade intersections and property accesses directly off the road , both in rural and urban areas ."}]}, {'value': 'SH 6 at Luggate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luggate', 'summary': "Luggate is a small town in the South Island of New Zealand . It is located on State Highway 6 between Wanaka and Cromwell , near the junction with State Highway 8A , approximately 15 km from the Wanaka township , just past Wanaka Airport . The Luggate 'Grandview Bridge ' is a local icon listed highly in the Queenstown Lakes District Council 's Historic Register . It was opened on October 28 , 1915 , and has been described as one of the most attractively proportioned steel truss road bridges in the country . It is 103.7 metres long , and features a 61-metre Baltimore through truss , another 30.5m truss and a 12.2m rolled steel joist end span ."}]}, {'value': 'SH 8 at Tarras', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tarras', 'summary': 'Tarras is a small farming settlement in Central Otago , in the South Island of New Zealand .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northern route crossing Lake Dunstan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Dunstan', 'summary': "Lake Dunstan is a man-made lake and reservoir in the South Island of New Zealand . The lake was formed on the Clutha River as a result of the construction of the Clyde Dam , filling in four controlled stages beginning in April 1992 and completed the next year . Parts of the town of Cromwell were relocated to a new area above the new lake . Between the town of Cromwell and the Clyde Dam the lake passes through what is called the Cromwell Gorge . Lake Dunstan provides irrigation for nearby stone fruit orchards and vineyards , and is a major recreational asset , with facilities for boating , waterskiing , fishing , parapenting , and rowing . The dam and lake became well known in New Zealand due to media coverage of the geological problems during its construction . While the dam was being built at least one landslide occurred at Cairnmuir , a series of bluffs overlooking the gorge where the dam was built . All parties involved denied responsibility for not finding the problem . Because of the expense of stabilising the gorge walls and the changing economic climate , this was also the last of the Third National Government 's Think Big projects ."}]}, {'value': '8B', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_8', 'summary': "State Highway 8 is one of New Zealand 's eight national highways . It forms an anticlockwise loop through the southern scenic regions of the Mackenzie Basin and Central Otago , starting and terminating in junctions with State Highway 1 . Distances are measured from north to south . For most of its length SH8 is a two-lane single carriageway , with at-grade intersections and property accesses directly off the road , both in rural and urban areas ."}]}, {'value': 'SH 8 at Deadmans Point', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SH6 at Cromwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cromwell,_New_Zealand', 'summary': 'Cromwell is a town in Central Otago in the Otago region of New Zealand . Cromwell is between State Highway 6 ( linking to Wanaka , 50 km north , and Queenstown , 60 km west ) and State Highway 8 leading to the Lindis Pass , 75 km northeast , and Alexandra , 33 km south . The road to Alexandra winds through the Cromwell Gorge . A point near Cromwell lies 119 kilometres from the sea , the farthest from the sea anywhere in New Zealand . A prominent feature surrounding much of the town is the man-made Lake Dunstan . Cromwell also has the newly constructed Highlands Motorsport Park . Nearby settlements are at Bannockburn , Lowburn , Tarras , and Ripponvale . Cromwell is also the home of the Cromwell Chafer Beetle ( Prodontria lewisi ) . The 45th parallel south runs just North of the township .'}]}, {'value': 'Cromwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cromwell,_New_Zealand', 'summary': 'Cromwell is a town in Central Otago in the Otago region of New Zealand . Cromwell is between State Highway 6 ( linking to Wanaka , 50 km north , and Queenstown , 60 km west ) and State Highway 8 leading to the Lindis Pass , 75 km northeast , and Alexandra , 33 km south . The road to Alexandra winds through the Cromwell Gorge . A point near Cromwell lies 119 kilometres from the sea , the farthest from the sea anywhere in New Zealand . A prominent feature surrounding much of the town is the man-made Lake Dunstan . Cromwell also has the newly constructed Highlands Motorsport Park . Nearby settlements are at Bannockburn , Lowburn , Tarras , and Ripponvale . Cromwell is also the home of the Cromwell Chafer Beetle ( Prodontria lewisi ) . The 45th parallel south runs just North of the township .'}]}, {'value': '2.6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Southern route crossing Lake Dunstan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Dunstan', 'summary': "Lake Dunstan is a man-made lake and reservoir in the South Island of New Zealand . The lake was formed on the Clutha River as a result of the construction of the Clyde Dam , filling in four controlled stages beginning in April 1992 and completed the next year . Parts of the town of Cromwell were relocated to a new area above the new lake . Between the town of Cromwell and the Clyde Dam the lake passes through what is called the Cromwell Gorge . Lake Dunstan provides irrigation for nearby stone fruit orchards and vineyards , and is a major recreational asset , with facilities for boating , waterskiing , fishing , parapenting , and rowing . The dam and lake became well known in New Zealand due to media coverage of the geological problems during its construction . While the dam was being built at least one landslide occurred at Cairnmuir , a series of bluffs overlooking the gorge where the dam was built . All parties involved denied responsibility for not finding the problem . Because of the expense of stabilising the gorge walls and the changing economic climate , this was also the last of the Third National Government 's Think Big projects ."}]}, {'value': '60', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_60', 'summary': 'State Highway 60 is a state highway servicing the far northwest of the South Island of New Zealand . Running between the settlements of Richmond ( south of Nelson ) and Collingwood , it is 116 kilometres ( 72 mi ) long and lies entirely within the Tasman District . It is the northernmost highway in the South Island and is a popular tourist route , servicing Motueka , Abel Tasman National Park , Golden Bay , and Farewell Spit .'}]}, {'value': 'Collingwood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Collingwood,_New_Zealand', 'summary': 'Collingwood is a town in the north-west corner of the South Island of New Zealand along Golden Bay . The town is an ecotourism destination due to its proximity to Kahurangi National Park and Farewell Spit Nature Reserve .'}]}, {'value': 'SH 6 near Richmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond,_New_Zealand', 'summary': 'Richmond is a town , and the seat of the Tasman District Council , that lies 13 kilometres ( 8 mi ) south of Nelson in the South Island of New Zealand , close to the southern extremity of Tasman Bay . The town was first settled in 1842 and was named in 1854 after the town of Richmond on Thames near London . By 2014 it had an estimated population of 13,606 . Although Richmond lies outside the boundaries of Nelson City , it forms part of the Nelson Urban Area for statistical purposes and is informally considered as part of Greater Nelson or the Top of the South . The two unitary authorities co-operate for tourism-marketing purposes via Latitude Nelson .'}]}, {'value': 'Motueka , Takaka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Motueka', 'summary': "The town of Motueka in the South Island of New Zealand lies close to the mouth of the Motueka River , on the western shore of Tasman Bay . It is , after Richmond , the second largest centre in the Tasman Region , with a population of 7125 ( 2006 census ) . The Motueka Ward had an estimated population of 10,900 at 30 June 2009 . The surrounding district has a number of orchards , as well as growing a variety of specialised crops such as hops , and formerly serving as the main centre of tobacco growing in New Zealand . A number of small vineyards have developed in recent years , one ( Neudorf ) gaining an international reputation . Nearby beaches ( such as Kaiteriteri Beach and Marahau ) are very popular with holidaymakers , and the area around Motueka has one of the country 's highest annual sunshine-hour indices . Motueka , as one of the nearest towns to the Abel Tasman and Kahurangi National Parks , has become the base of many tourism ventures in those parks , as well as in Nelson Lakes National Park , and in other recreational areas . Extensive limestone cave systems ( including Harwoods Hole in the Takaka Hill area north of Motueka ) attract cavers and rock climbers . Sea kayaking , tramping and canyoning now attract many thousands of visitors each year . Many artists live in the area around Motueka , especially potters and reggae musicians . The Riverside Community , in nearby Lower Moutere is a pacifist intentional community . Founded in the 1940s , it is New Zealand 's oldest cooperative living community ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Takaka', 'summary': "Takaka is a small town situated at the southeastern end of Golden Bay , at the northern end of New Zealand 's South Island , located on the lower reaches of the Takaka River . It lies at the start of the winding road which follows the river valley before climbing over Takaka Hill , linking Golden Bay with the more populated coast of Tasman Bay to the southeast . The town is served by Takaka Aerodrome ."}]}, {'value': '116.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Was shortened by 2 km in 2010 after the opening of the Ruby Bay bypass', 'urls': []}, {'value': '62', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_62', 'summary': 'State Highway 62 ( SH 62 ) is a state highway servicing the northeastern parts of the South Island of New Zealand . Located entirely within the wine-producing Marlborough region of New Zealand , SH 62 provides a northern bypass of Blenheim , connecting the towns of Spring Creek ( on State Highway 1 ) with Renwick ( on State Highway 6 ) via the locality of Rapaura . Despite being gazetted in 2004 , is only 13 kilometres long , and is very flat , in 2008 it was assessed to be the most dangerous state highway in the country , ahead of State Highway 37 and State Highway 94 . The eastern terminus with SH 1 also holds some notoriety , being listed in the top twenty intersections in New Zealand for accidents . This is attributed to the fact it shares a cross road with Ferry Road in Spring Creek and crosses the Main North Line only a few metres east of SH 1 . NZTA have announced final plans to replace the intersection with a roundabout .'}]}, {'value': 'SH 1 at Spring Creek', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SH 6 2 km North of Renwick', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rapaura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rapaura', 'summary': 'Rapaura is a village northwest of Blenheim , New Zealand . The Wairau River flows past to the north . Spring Creek lies to the east . Rapaura consists of a church and a school . It also has high quality land for growing grapes .'}]}, {'value': '12.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '63', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_63', 'summary': 'State Highway 63 ( SH 63 ) is a state highway located in the northern parts of the South Island of New Zealand . It is 117 km long and runs between the settlements of Renwick ( in Marlborough ) and Kawatiri Junction ( in the Tasman region ) via Saint Arnaud , providing a bypass of the city of Nelson . Despite being a convenient link between the West Coast and Marlborough , and being a relatively straight highway along most of its length , it is only classified by the NZTA as a secondary collector highway .'}]}, {'value': 'SH 6 Renwick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Renwick,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Renwick is a small town in Marlborough , New Zealand , close to the south bank of the Wairau River . It is located on State Highway 6 , 12 kilometres ( 7 mi ) west of Blenheim . Havelock is 31 km ( 19 mi ) north . State Highway 63 runs southwest from Renwick through the Wairau River valley . The population was 2,118 in the 2013 New Zealand census , an increase of 243 from 2006 . The town was initially known as Upper Wairau , and then as Renwicktown after an early landowner , Dr. Thomas Renwick . Renwick is located in the centre of Marlborough 's grape growing region . Sauvignon blanc is the variety usually associated with the area , and famous wineries such as Isabel Estate and Forrest Estate are in close proximity . Pinot Gris ( Grey Pinot ) is also exported ."}]}, {'value': 'SH 6 at Kawatiri Junction', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wairau Valley , Saint Arnaud', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wairau_Valley', 'summary': 'Wairau Valley is the valley of the Wairau River in Marlborough , New Zealand and also the name of the main settlement in the upper valley . State Highway 63 runs through the valley . The valley opens onto the Wairau Plain , where Renwick and Blenheim are sited . The Alpine-Wairau Fault runs along the length of the valley . According to the 2013 New Zealand census , Wairau Valley has a population of 1,959 , an increase of 69 people since the 2006 census . There were 1,008 males and 954 females . Figures have been rounded and may not add up to totals . Wairauite is an iron-cobalt alloy which is named after the valley .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Saint_Arnaud,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Saint Arnaud ( previously Rotoiti ) is a small alpine village located in the north of New Zealand 's South Island , west of the mountains of the Saint Arnaud Range and 90 kilometres southwest of Nelson near the historic Tophouse Settlement . It is situated at the northern end of Lake Rotoiti ."}]}, {'value': '117.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '65', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_65', 'summary': 'State Highway 65 ( also known as the Shenandoah Highway ) is a New Zealand state highway in the South Island . It is 71 km long and runs south to north down the Maruia river valley from SH 7 at Springs Junction , 15 km west of the main divide at the Lewis Pass , to SH 6 in the Buller Gorge , 11 km west of Murchison . It forms part of the most direct route between Christchurch and Nelson . It takes its name from a small settlement toward its northern end . The road is sealed and two-lane , with some single-lane bridges . The surrounding country is used for pastoral farming ( beef and dairy ) with some forestry on the surrounding hills . Springs Junction is the only locality with fuel or food along the route while Maruia is the largest settlement along the route .'}]}, {'value': 'SH 7 at Springs Junction', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SH 6 11 km west of Murchison ,', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murchison,_New_Zealand', 'summary': 'Murchison is a town in the Tasman Region of the South Island of New Zealand . It is near the western end of the Four Rivers Plain , at the confluence of the Buller River and the Matakitaki River . The other two rivers are the Mangles River , and the Matiri River . It is a rural service town for the surrounding mixed farming district , on New Zealand State Highway 6 approximately halfway between Westport and Nelson . Murchison was named after the Scottish geologist Roderick Murchison , one of the founders of the Royal Geographical Society . At the 2013 census , Murchison had a population of 492 .'}]}, {'value': 'Maruia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maruia', 'summary': 'Maruia is a locality in the West Coast region of New Zealand . The Shenandoah Highway ( State Highway 65 ) passes through it . Murchison is 65 km north , the Lewis Pass is 39 km to the south-east , and Reefton is 63 km west by road . The Maruia River flows past to the west . According to the 2013 New Zealand census , Maruia and its surrounds have a population of 183 , an increase of 9 people since the 2006 census . There were 96 males and 87 females . The principal activity is dairy farming . The community celebrated 100 years of settlement in the Maruia Valley in 2005 . The Maruia Valley inspired the environmental lobby group , the Maruia Society ( later changing its name to the Ecologic Foundation ) and the Maruia Mail Order Catalogue , organised by the New Zealand Nature Company .'}]}, {'value': '71.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '67', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_67', 'summary': 'State Highway 67 is a New Zealand state highway located in the northern parts of the South Island of New Zealand . It is 51.2 km long and connects State Highway 6 with the settlement of Mokihinui . It used to be 96 kilometres long and ran the entire length of the road to Karamea . The highway and its spur serves the large West Coast town of Westport and lies entirely within the Buller District .'}]}, {'value': 'SH 6 near Westport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Westport,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Westport ( Māori : Kawatiri ) is a town in the West Coast region of the South Island of New Zealand . It is on the northern bank and at the mouth of the Buller River , close by the prominent headland of Cape Foulwind . It is connected via State Highway 6 with Greymouth , 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) to the south , and with Nelson 222 kilometres ( 138 mi ) in the northeast , via the Buller Gorge . The town is thought to have been named after Westport , County Mayo in Ireland , although the choice of name was no doubt also guided by the town 's location . The population of the Westport urban area was 4,035 in the 2013 census , an increase of 138 from 2006 . Including the surrounding area of Orowaiti , the 2013 population was 4,755 . The Buller District had a population of 10,473 in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '4 km past Summerlea ,', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Summerlea,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Summerlea is a lightly populated locality on the West Coast of New Zealand 's South Island . Summerlea is on the Tasman Sea coastline with the Glasgow Range to the east . To the north of the town is the neighbouring settlement of Mokihinui and the rivermouth of the Mokihinui River . State Highway 67 passes through the locality . It is included in the Mokihinui statistical area by Statistics New Zealand , and according to the 2013 New Zealand census , Mokihinui has a population of 186 , an increase of 15 people since the 2006 census . In the early 1890s , a branch line railway was opened from Westport through Summerlea , opening to Seddonville on 23 February 1895 and thus acquiring the name of the Seddonville Branch . Passenger services were provided to Summerlea by mixed trains until 14 October 1946 , when the line became freight-only . Coal was almost the sole traffic on the line from this point , and when coal mining activity declined in the 1970s , the line 's maintenance costs came to outweigh revenue . Accordingly , the line closed beyond Ngakawau on 3 May 1981 , and much of the line 's formation can still be seen passing through the countryside around Summerlea ."}]}, {'value': 'Westport , Waimangaroa , Granity , Hector / Ngakawau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waimangaroa', 'summary': 'Waimangaroa is a small town located on the West Coast of New Zealand . The township lies on the south-west bank of the Waimangaroa River , at the western foot of the Denniston Plateau . It is 17 kilometres ( 11 mi ) to the north east of Westport and 13 km south-east of Granity . The abandoned coaltown of Denniston is about 5 kilometres ( 3.1 mi ) to the south-east . The Bridle Track , a scenic bush track , leads south-east along the Denniston Incline into the foothills of the Mt William Range , to Denniston . The Stockton mine , a large open cast coal mine , is operated in the vicinity by Solid Energy .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Granity', 'summary': "Granity is a small town on the West Coast of New Zealand 's South Island , 28 kilometres ( 17 mi ) north-east of Westport on State Highway 67 . Karamea is 68 kilometres ( 42 mi ) further north . Squeezed between the often-tempestuous Tasman Sea to the west and steep forested cloud-shrouded mountains to the immediate east , the town is the largest in this sparsely populated part of New Zealand . Long known as a coal-mining town , the population has declined as the industry has waned . The population was 237 in the 2013 census , an increase of 18 from 2006 . Several neighbouring towns , such as Denniston , have become virtually ghost towns . The name Granity was given to the town by gold prospectors , in reference to the large quantity of granite in the area ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hector,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Hector and Ngakawau are two lightly populated settlements located at the mouth of the Ngakawau River in the West Coast region of New Zealand . Both settlements are situated on State Highway 67 between Westport and Karamea . The 2001 New Zealand census found that Hector and Ngakawau have a combined population of 300 , a drop of 16% or 57 people since the 1996 census . This has dropped further in 2006 to 234 people . Despite a low population , many of the workers at New Zealand 's largest open-cut coal mine at Stockton choose to live at these places and shuttles frequently operate between the two places ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hector,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Hector and Ngakawau are two lightly populated settlements located at the mouth of the Ngakawau River in the West Coast region of New Zealand . Both settlements are situated on State Highway 67 between Westport and Karamea . The 2001 New Zealand census found that Hector and Ngakawau have a combined population of 300 , a drop of 16% or 57 people since the 1996 census . This has dropped further in 2006 to 234 people . Despite a low population , many of the workers at New Zealand 's largest open-cut coal mine at Stockton choose to live at these places and shuttles frequently operate between the two places ."}]}, {'value': '52.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The road continues for a further 44 km to Karamea but not as a State Highway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karamea', 'summary': 'Karamea is a town on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand . It is the northernmost settlement of any real size on the West Coast , and is located 96 kilometres ( 60 mi ) north-east by road from Westport . There is no other connecting road to the town - the road north ends at the Kohaihai River some 20 kilometres ( 12 mi ) from Karamea , at the south western end of the Heaphy Track . The population was 375 in the 2013 census , a decline of 48 from 2006 . The name Karamea is Maori - despite local jokes suggesting it was named by an Italian for his love - and is thought to either mean red ochre or be a corruption of Kakarataramea , the smell of speargrass leaves . Karamea Bight , the large bay formed by the curve of coastline north for 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) from Cape Foulwind , is part of the Tasman Sea . The Karamea River flows into the Karamea Bight just south of the main township , and there is a large lagoon that completely clears of water at low tide , and completely fills with water at high tide . The Oparara River runs through the area , and the Oparara Basin Arches , large natural river tunnels , are a well-known tourist destination , though tourism in the area is limited compared to most other parts of New Zealand . Karamea township offers local services including a general store , supermarket , petrol pumps , information centre , cafe , hotel , camping ground , motels , backpackers and art & craft shop . Little Wanganui , a small dairy farming village south of Karamea , includes a surfing beach and a river popular for whitebaiting and fishing . It includes a small tavern , community hall and volunteer fire brigade . Golden Bay Air flies to Karamea Aerodrome from Nelson and Takaka .'}]}, {'value': '67A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_67', 'summary': 'State Highway 67 is a New Zealand state highway located in the northern parts of the South Island of New Zealand . It is 51.2 km long and connects State Highway 6 with the settlement of Mokihinui . It used to be 96 kilometres long and ran the entire length of the road to Karamea . The highway and its spur serves the large West Coast town of Westport and lies entirely within the Buller District .'}]}, {'value': 'SH 67 at Westport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Westport,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Westport ( Māori : Kawatiri ) is a town in the West Coast region of the South Island of New Zealand . It is on the northern bank and at the mouth of the Buller River , close by the prominent headland of Cape Foulwind . It is connected via State Highway 6 with Greymouth , 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) to the south , and with Nelson 222 kilometres ( 138 mi ) in the northeast , via the Buller Gorge . The town is thought to have been named after Westport , County Mayo in Ireland , although the choice of name was no doubt also guided by the town 's location . The population of the Westport urban area was 4,035 in the 2013 census , an increase of 138 from 2006 . Including the surrounding area of Orowaiti , the 2013 population was 4,755 . The Buller District had a population of 10,473 in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cape Foulwind', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cape_Foulwind', 'summary': "Cape Foulwind is a prominent headland on the West Coast of New Zealand 's South Island , overlooking the Tasman Sea . It is located ten kilometres west of the town of Westport . It was previously named Rocky Cape by Abel Tasman , the first European to visit it , in 1642 . The present name was bestowed upon this promontory by English explorer James Cook in 1770 after his ship Endeavour was blown quite a distance offshore from this point ."}]}, {'value': 'Carters Beach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carters_Beach', 'summary': "Carters Beach is a small town on the West Coast of New Zealand 's South Island , located 6 kilometres ( 4 mi ) west of Westport on State Highway 67A . It is the only sheltered sandy beach on the West Coast suitable for swimming . Carters Beach was named after an early settler who farmed the area in the late 1800s . An 18-hole golf course and Westport Airport are located near the town . Erosion along Rotary Road has caused the closure of the beachside road and may eventually lead to the closure of the nearby airport ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '69', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_69', 'summary': 'State Highway 69 is a New Zealand state highway servicing the southeastern areas of the Buller District in the South Island of New Zealand . The road is 33 kilometres long and runs parallel with both the Stillwater-Westport Line and the Inangahua River . The road connects the towns of Reefton ( on State Highway 7 ) with the town of Inangahua Junction ( on State Highway 6 ) via Cronadun . The highway is part of the main link between the centres of Christchurch and Westport .'}]}, {'value': 'SH 6 at Inangahua Junction', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Inangahua_Junction', 'summary': "Inangahua Junction is a small town in the northwest of New Zealand 's South Island . It is located at the confluence of the Inangahua and Buller Rivers , 34 kilometres ( 21 mi ) north of Reefton and 46 kilometres ( 29 mi ) southeast of Westport . Murchison is 52 kilometres ( 32 mi ) to the east . The town of Inangahua is just to the east of the junction . The town 's main industries include forestry , coal , farming and sawmilling . There is a small primary school , shops , fire station and earthquake museum . The population of Inangahua Junction and its surrounds was 144 in the 2013 census , a decrease of 15 people from 2006 . The name of the town refers to inanga , the Māori word for whitebait . Inangahua Junction was formerly known as Christies Junction ."}]}, {'value': 'SH 7 at Reefton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reefton', 'summary': 'Reefton is a small town in the West Coast region of New Zealand , some 80 km northeast of Greymouth , in the Inangahua River valley . State Highway 7 passes through the southern part of the town , and State Highway 69 runs north to connect to State Highway 6 . Ahaura is 44 km south-west of Reefton , Inangahua Junction is 34 km to the north , Maruia is 63 km to the east , and the Lewis Pass is 66 km to the south-east . In 1888 Reefton became the first town in New Zealand and the Southern Hemisphere to receive electricity , the work of Walter Prince , and its streets were lit by commercial electricity generated by the Reefton Power Station . The population was 1,026 in the 2013 census , an increase of 8.2 percent since the 2006 Census .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '33.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '71', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_71', 'summary': 'State Highway 71 ( SH 71 ) is a New Zealand state highway connecting Kaiapoi/Christchurch with Rangiora .'}]}, {'value': 'SH 1 at Kaiapoi Interchange', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kaiapoi', 'summary': 'Kaiapoi is a town in the Waimakariri District of the Canterbury region , in the South Island of New Zealand . The town is located approximately 17 kilometres north of central Christchurch , close to the mouth of the Waimakariri River . It is considered to be a satellite town of Christchurch , although in the Waimakariri for statistical purposes it is part of the Christchurch urban area . In the 2006 census , the population of the town was 10,200 , with a further 1,700 residents in the surrounding area . This represents a growth rate of 11% over the previous five years . Kaiapoi suffered extensive damage in the 2010 Canterbury and also the February 2011 Christchurch earthquakes , which rendered many homes uninhabitable and businesses inoperable . Large areas were condemned as part of a residential red zone covering uninhabitable'}]}, {'value': 'Rangiora', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rangiora', 'summary': 'Rangiora is the largest town and seat of the Waimakariri District , in Canterbury , New Zealand . It is 29 kilometres ( 18 mi ) north of Christchurch , and is considered [ by whom ? ] a satellite town of the city . With a population of 18,300 ( June 2018 ) , Rangiora is the 25th largest urban area in New Zealand , and the fourth-largest in the Canterbury region ( behind Christchurch , Timaru and Ashburton ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Lineside Rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '73', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_73', 'summary': "State Highway 73 ( SH 73 ) is a major east-west South Island state highway in New Zealand connecting Christchurch on the east coast with Cass/Hokitika via the Southern Alps . It is mostly two lane , with some single-lane bridges north of Springfield but is mostly dual carriageway in Christchurch . The fourth and fifth-highest points of New Zealand 's state highway network are on this road at Porters Pass and Arthur 's Pass respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'SH 75/SH 76 interchange near Hillmorton , Christchurch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christchurch', 'summary': "Christchurch ( /ˈkraɪstʃɜːrtʃ/ ; Māori : Ōtautahi ) is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand and the seat of the Canterbury Region . The Christchurch urban area lies on the South Island 's east coast , just north of Banks Peninsula . The urban area is home to 377,200 residents , and the territorial authority has 385,500 people , which makes it the second-most populous city in New Zealand after Auckland and before Wellington . The Avon River flows through the centre of the city , with an urban park located along its banks . Archaeological evidence has indicated that people first settled in the Christchurch area in about 1250 . Christchurch became a city by Royal Charter on 31 July 1856 , making it officially the oldest established city in New Zealand . The Canterbury Association , which settled the Canterbury Plains , named the city after Christ Church , Oxford . The new settlement was laid out in a grid pattern centred on Cathedral Square ; during the 19th century there were few barriers to the rapid growth of the urban area , except for the Pacific to the east and the Port Hills to the south . Agriculture is the historic mainstay of Christchurch 's economy . The early presence of the University of Canterbury and the heritage of the city 's academic institutions in association with local businesses has fostered a number of technology-based industries . Christchurch is one of five 'gateway cities ' for Antarctic exploration , hosting Antarctic support bases for several nations . The city suffered a series of earthquakes between September 2010 and January 2012 , with the most destructive of them occurring at 12.51 p.m. on Tuesday , 22 February 2011 , in which 185 people were killed and thousands of buildings across the city collapsed or suffered severe damage ."}]}, {'value': 'SH 6 at Kumara Junction', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kumara,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Kumara is a town on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand . It is located 30 kilometres ( 19 mi ) south of Greymouth , close to the western end of State Highway 73 , which leads across Arthur 's Pass to Christchurch . The Taramakau River flows past to the north . The population was 309 in the 2013 census , a decrease of 6 from 2006 . The name may come from the Māori language Kohe mara , which is the blossom of the tātarāmoa , or bush lawyer . The Coast to Coast annual multisport race starts at Kumara Beach ."}]}, {'value': "Darfield , Springfield , Porters Pass , Arthur 's Pass and Kumara", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darfield,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Darfield is a town in the Selwyn District of the South Island of New Zealand . It is 35 kilometres west of the outskirts of Christchurch on State Highway 73 ( Great Alpine Highway ) and on the Midland railway line , route of the TranzAlpine train service . Its population ( GeoNames geographical database 2011 ) is 1,593 . Darfield is the main town between Christchurch and the West Coast region . It is often called The township under the nor'west arch in reference to a characteristic weather phenomenon that often creates an arch of cloud in an otherwise clear sky to the west of the township . This is caused by the condensation of water particles channelled upwards over the Southern Alps . Darfield has an intermediate/high school , and a primary school , as well as several shops . Darfield lies in the Malvern district 's arable and pastoral farming area . It is a gateway to the scenic Waimakariri and Rakaia rivers and the Southern Alps , and is also a popular lift-off place for hot air ballooning . Fonterra has a milk powder factory near the town . The factory has a series of sidings and a container loading centre . A magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurred near Darfield at 4:35 am on 4 September 2010 , causing widespread damage to both the town and to surrounding areas including the city of Christchurch ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Springfield,_New_Zealand', 'summary': 'Springfield ( until 1880 Kowai Pass ) is a small town in the Selwyn District of Canterbury , in the South Island , of New Zealand . The Maori name for Springfield is Tawera . In 2001 it had a population of 219 . At the foot of the Southern Alps , 65 kilometres ( 40 mi ) west of Christchurch , it is the most westerly town of the central Canterbury Plains . Springfield has a long association with the Midland railway line . Springfield is situated in the foothills , less than an hour from the center of Christchurch on State Highway 73 ( The Great Alpine Highway ) . The town has a Gothic Revival architecture church dedicated to Saint Peter , designed by the architect Cyril Mountfort . It was the birthplace of Rewi Alley , notable for his work in China in the mid 20th century . There is an extensive memorial dedicated to him , located in a small reserve off the main road . It includes a large stone carving and a number of panels giving details of his life . On 15 July 2007 , a statue of a giant pink doughnut was erected to promote the upcoming movie , The Simpsons Movie . It was subsequently set alight and destroyed by an arsonist on 25 September 2009 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Porters_Pass', 'summary': "Porters Pass ( elevation 939 metres ) is a mountain pass in the Canterbury region of New Zealand 's South Island . It is near Lake Lyndon and is located within Korowai/Torlesse Tussocklands Park . State Highway 73 travels through the pass on its route from Springfield to Cass , and it is the last mountain pass on the route eastwards from Westland to Christchurch . It is also the third-highest point on the South Island 's state highway network after the Lindis Pass and the Milford Road ( though it is just one metre lower ) . Although Arthur 's Pass is better known , Porters Pass is actually a few metres higher , and it affords views of the Canterbury Plains . The pass was named in 1858 by the Porter brothers who were farming nearby ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Arthur's_Pass", 'summary': "Arthur 's Pass , previously called Camping Flat then Bealey Flats , and for some time officially Arthurs Pass , is a township in the Southern Alps of the South Island of New Zealand , located in the Selwyn district . It is a popular base for exploring Arthur 's Pass National Park . Arthur 's Pass township is about 5 km south of the mountain pass with the same name . Its elevation is 740 metres above sea level surrounded by beech forest . The Bealey River runs through the township . The town is located 153 km from Christchurch a 2-hour drive on SH 73 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kumara,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Kumara is a town on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand . It is located 30 kilometres ( 19 mi ) south of Greymouth , close to the western end of State Highway 73 , which leads across Arthur 's Pass to Christchurch . The Taramakau River flows past to the north . The population was 309 in the 2013 census , a decrease of 6 from 2006 . The name may come from the Māori language Kohe mara , which is the blossom of the tātarāmoa , or bush lawyer . The Coast to Coast annual multisport race starts at Kumara Beach ."}]}, {'value': '224', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Great Alpine Highway', 'urls': []}, {'value': '74', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_74', 'summary': 'State Highway 74 is a state highway in New Zealand servicing the eastern suburbs of Christchurch . Mostly two-lane , it is composed of limited-access expressways , with part of the highway as the Christchurch-Lyttelton Motorway , and connects the city to its port town of Lyttelton .'}]}, {'value': 'SH 1 at Belfast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belfast,_New_Zealand', 'summary': 'Belfast is a suburb of Christchurch , New Zealand . It is in the north of the city 10 km from Cathedral Square , close to the banks of the Waimakariri River .'}]}, {'value': 'Lyttelton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lyttelton,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Lyttelton ( Māori : Ōhinehou ) , the port town of Christchurch , stands on the north shore of Lyttelton Harbour , at the northwestern end of Banks Peninsula on the eastern coast of the South Island of New Zealand . As a landing point for Christchurch-bound seafarers , Lyttelton has historically been regarded [ by whom ? ] as the Gateway to Canterbury for colonial settlers . [ dead link ] The port remains [ when ? ] a regular destination for cruise liners and is the South Island 's principal goods-transport terminal , handling 34% of exports and 61% of imports by value . In 2009 the New Zealand Historic Places Trust ( NZHPT ) awarded Lyttelton was awarded Category I Historic Area status - defined as an area of special or outstanding historical or cultural heritage significance or value . According to the 2013 census , Lyttelton ( including the neighbouring communities of Rapaki , Cass Bay and Corsair Bay ) had a usual resident population of 2,859 ."}]}, {'value': 'Lyttelton road tunnel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lyttelton_road_tunnel', 'summary': 'The Lyttelton road tunnel runs through the Port Hills to connect the New Zealand city of Christchurch and its seaport , Lyttelton . It opened in 1964 and carries just over 10,000 vehicles per day as part of State Highway 74 . At 1,970 metres ( 6,460 ft ) , it was the longest road tunnel in New Zealand from its opening until 2 July 2017 , when it was superseded by the Waterview Tunnels . While the tunnel itself was not damaged due to the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake , the Heathcote tunnel canopy was destroyed . The nearby Tunnel Control Building - a Category I heritage building - suffered significant damage and was closed , before finally being demolished in 2013 . Construction of a new control building was completed in 2014 .'}]}, {'value': '28.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Has followed the eastern part of the Christchurch Ring Road since January 2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '74A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_74', 'summary': 'State Highway 74 is a state highway in New Zealand servicing the eastern suburbs of Christchurch . Mostly two-lane , it is composed of limited-access expressways , with part of the highway as the Christchurch-Lyttelton Motorway , and connects the city to its port town of Lyttelton .'}]}, {'value': 'SH 76 at Brougham St/Garlands/Opawa Rds , Christchurch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SH 74 at Palinurus/Dyers Rds', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garlands Rd , Rutherford St and Palinurus Rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2.1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of the Christchurch Ring Road', 'urls': []}, {'value': '75', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_State_Highway_75', 'summary': 'State Highway 75 ( SH 75 ) is a state highway in New Zealand servicing the Banks Peninsula region , connecting Christchurch on the northwestern part of the peninsula with Akaroa towards the east coast . It is wholly two lane ( with the exception of some passing lanes near Hilltop ) , but partially functions as a major arterial corridor of Christchurch . Its highest point is at Hilltop , where it rises to about 555 m - just 8 m lower than the more mountainous Haast Pass in the Southern Alps .'}]}, {'value': 'SH 73/SH 76 interchange near Hillmorton , Christchurch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christchurch', 'summary': "Christchurch ( /ˈkraɪstʃɜːrtʃ/ ; Māori : Ōtautahi ) is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand and the seat of the Canterbury Region . The Christchurch urban area lies on the South Island 's east coast , just north of Banks Peninsula . The urban area is home to 377,200 residents , and the territorial authority has 385,500 people , which makes it the second-most populous city in New Zealand after Auckland and before Wellington . The Avon River flows through the centre of the city , with an urban park located along its banks . Archaeological evidence has indicated that people first settled in the Christchurch area in about 1250 . Christchurch became a city by Royal Charter on 31 July 1856 , making it officially the oldest established city in New Zealand . The Canterbury Association , which settled the Canterbury Plains , named the city after Christ Church , Oxford . The new settlement was laid out in a grid pattern centred on Cathedral Square ; during the 19th century there were few barriers to the rapid growth of the urban area , except for the Pacific to the east and the Port Hills to the south . Agriculture is the historic mainstay of Christchurch 's economy . The early presence of the University of Canterbury and the heritage of the city 's academic institutions in association with local businesses has fostered a number of technology-based industries . Christchurch is one of five 'gateway cities ' for Antarctic exploration , hosting Antarctic support bases for several nations . The city suffered a series of earthquakes between September 2010 and January 2012 , with the most destructive of them occurring at 12.51 p.m. on Tuesday , 22 February 2011 , in which 185 people were killed and thousands of buildings across the city collapsed or suffered severe damage ."}]}, {'value': 'Akaroa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akaroa', 'summary': "Akaroa is a small town on Banks Peninsula in the Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand , situated within a harbour of the same name . The name Akaroa is Kāi Tahu Māori for Long Harbour , which would be spelled Whangaroa in standard Māori . The town is 84 kilometres ( 52 mi ) by road from Christchurch and is the terminus of State Highway 75 . It is set on a sheltered harbour and is overlooked and surrounded by the remnants of a miocene volcano . Akaroa is entirely dependent upon rainfall on the hills . Akaroa is a popular resort town . Many Hector 's dolphins may be found within the harbour , and 'swim with the dolphins ' boat tours are a major tourist attraction . In the 2013 New Zealand census , the permanent population was 624 , an increase of 9.5% since 2006 . The town has a high ( 31.3% ) ratio of residents aged over 65 . Ōnuku marae , a marae ( tribal meeting ground ) of Ngāi Tahu and its Ōnuku Rūnanga branch , is located in Akaroa . It includes the Karaweko wharenui ( meeting house ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Halswell Tai Tapu , Little River and Duvauchelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halswell', 'summary': 'Originally a separate village , Halswell is now a residential suburb of Christchurch , New Zealand , located 9 kilometres ( 5.6 mi ) southwest of Cathedral Square on State Highway 75 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Little_River,_New_Zealand', 'summary': 'Little River is a town on Banks Peninsula in the Canterbury region of New Zealand .'}]}, {'value': '77.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Current -- South Island', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_New_Zealand_State_Highways_1', 'intro': 'This is a list of highways of the New Zealand state highway network and some touring routes. State highways are administered by the NZ Transport Agency, while all other roads are the responsibility of territorial authorities.'}	null	null	What is the nature of this town that you can reach on this 71 km highway that runs south to north ?	rural service town
09ccba6ab744b55f	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Germany', 'title': 'Tourism in Germany', 'header': ['Name', 'Location', 'Type', '# of visitors in 2002', '# of visitors in 2008'], 'data': [{'value': 'Europa-Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Europa-Park', 'summary': "Europa-Park is the largest theme park in Germany , and the second most popular theme park resort in Europe , following Disneyland Paris . Europa-Park is located in Rust , in south-western Germany , between Freiburg im Breisgau and Strasbourg ( in neighboring France ) . The park is home to 13 roller coasters , the oldest being Alpenexpress Enzian , a powered coaster that speeds through a diamond mine , and the newest coaster being the Ba-a-a Express , a small kiddie roller coaster . Europa-Park has very high capacity roller coasters and attractions meaning the park can accommodate approximately 60,000 guests per day . It counted 5.7 million visitors in 2017 . It is also the location of the Euro Dance Festival . Since 2014 , Europa-Park has been named the world 's best amusement park by the Golden Ticket Awards . In November 2019 , Europa-Park 's Rulantica water park opened , along with a new themed hotel Krønasår ."}]}, {'value': 'Rust', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amusement park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amusement_park', 'summary': "An amusement park is a park that features various attractions , such as rides and games , as well as other events for entertainment purposes . A theme park is a type of amusement park that bases its structures and attractions around a central theme , often featuring multiple areas with different themes . Unlike temporary and mobile funfairs and carnivals , amusement parks are stationary and built for long-lasting operation . They are more elaborate than city parks and playgrounds , usually providing attractions that cater to a variety of age groups . While amusement parks often contain themed areas , theme parks place a heavier focus with more intricately-designed themes that revolve around a particular subject or group of subjects . Amusement parks evolved from European fairs , pleasure gardens and large picnic areas , which were created for people 's recreation . World 's fairs and other types of international expositions also influenced the emergence of the amusement park industry . Lake Compounce opened in 1846 and is considered the oldest , continuously-operating amusement park in North America . The first theme parks emerged in the mid-twentieth century with the opening of Santa Claus Land in 1946 , Santa 's Workshop in 1949 , and Disneyland in 1955 ."}]}, {'value': '3.5 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4.0 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Berlin Zoological Garden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berlin_Zoological_Garden', 'summary': "The Berlin Zoological Garden ( German : Zoologischer Garten Berlin ) is the oldest and best-known zoo in Germany . Opened in 1844 , it covers 35 hectares ( 86.5 acres ) and is located in Berlin 's Tiergarten . With about 1,380 different species and over 20,200 animals , the zoo presents one of the most comprehensive collections of species in the world . The zoo and its aquarium had more than 3.5 million visitors in 2017 . It is the most-visited zoo in Europe and one of the most popular worldwide . Regular animal feedings are among its most famous attractions . Globally known animals like Knut , the polar bear , and Bao Bao , the giant panda have contributed to the zoo 's public image . The zoo collaborates with many universities , research institutes , and other zoos around the world . It maintains and promotes European breeding programmes , helps safeguard several endangered species , and participates in several species reintroduction programs ."}]}, {'value': 'Berlin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zoo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zoo', 'summary': "A zoo ( short for zoological garden ; also called an animal park or menagerie ) is a facility in which all animals are housed within enclosures , displayed to the public , and in which they may also breed . The term zoological garden refers to zoology , the study of animals , a term deriving from the Greek 'zoion , animal , and logia , study . The abbreviation zoo was first used of the London Zoological Gardens , which was opened for scientific study in 1828 and to the public in 1857 . In the United States alone , zoos are visited by over 181 million people annually ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3.0 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'VW Autostadt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/VW', 'summary': "Volkswagen ( German : [ ˈfɔlksˌvaːɡn̩ ] ( listen ) ; English : /ˈvoʊksvɑːɡən , ˈvɒlkswɑːɡən , -wæɡən , ˈfɒlksvɑːɡən/ ) , shortened to VW ( German : [ faʊ̯ ˈveː ] ( listen ) ) , is a German automaker founded in 1937 by the German Labour Front , a Nazi labour union , and headquartered in Wolfsburg . It is the flagship marque of the Volkswagen Group , the largest automaker by worldwide sales in 2016 and 2017 . The group 's biggest market is in China , which delivers 40% of its sales and profits . Volkswagen translates to people 's car in German . The company 's current international advertising slogan is just Volkswagen , referencing the name 's meaning ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Autostadt', 'summary': 'The Autostadt ( German for Automobile City ) is a visitor attraction adjacent to the Volkswagen factory in Wolfsburg , Germany , with a prime focus on automobiles . The complex was designed by Henn GmbH . It features a museum , feature pavilions for the principal automobile brands in the Volkswagen Group , a customer centre where customers can pick up new cars , and take a tour through the enormous factory , a guide to the evolution of roads , and cinema in a large sphere .'}]}, {'value': 'Wolfsburg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Automobile park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Automobile', 'summary': 'A car ( or automobile ) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation . Most definitions of cars say that they run primarily on roads , seat one to eight people , have four tires , and mainly transport people rather than goods . Cars came into global use during the 20th century , and developed economies depend on them . The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen . Cars became widely available in the early 20th century . One of the first cars accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T , an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company . Cars were rapidly adopted in the US , where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts , but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world . [ citation needed ] Cars have controls for driving , parking , passenger comfort , and a variety of lights . Over the decades , additional features and controls have been added to vehicles , making them progressively more complex , but also more reliable and easier to operate . [ citation needed ] These include rear reversing cameras , air conditioning , navigation systems , and in-car entertainment . Most cars in use in the 2010s are propelled by an internal combustion engine , fueled by the combustion of fossil fuels . Electric cars , which were invented early in the history of the car , became commercially available in the 2000s and are predicted to cost less to buy than gasoline cars before 2025 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2.1 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nürburgring', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nürburgring', 'summary': 'The Nürburgring is a 150,000 person capacity motorsports complex located in the town of Nürburg , Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . It features a Grand Prix race track built in 1984 , and a much longer Nordschleife North loop track which was built in the 1920s around the village and medieval castle of Nürburg in the Eifel mountains . The north loop is 20.8 km ( 12.9 mi ) long and has more than 300 metres ( 1,000 feet ) of elevation change from its lowest to highest points . Jackie Stewart nicknamed the old track The Green Hell . Originally , the track featured four configurations : the 28.265 km ( 17.563 mi ) -long Gesamtstrecke ( Whole Course ) , which in turn consisted of the 22.810 km ( 14.173 mi ) Nordschleife ( North Loop ) , and the 7.747 km ( 4.814 mi ) Südschleife ( South Loop ) . There also was a 2.281 km ( 1.417 mi ) warm-up loop called Zielschleife ( Finish Loop ) or Betonschleife ( Concrete Loop ) , around the pit area . Between 1982 and 1983 the start/finish area was demolished to create a new GP-Strecke , and this is used for all major and international racing events . However , the shortened Nordschleife is still in use for racing , testing and public access .'}]}, {'value': 'Nürburg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Formula One park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Formula_One', 'summary': "Formula One ( also known as Formula 1 or F1 ) is the highest class of single-seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA ) and owned by the Formula One Group . The World Drivers ' Championship , which became the FIA Formula One World Championship in 1981 , has been one of the premier forms of racing around the world since its inaugural season in 1950 . The word formula in the name refers to the set of rules to which all participants ' cars must conform . A Formula One season consists of a series of races , known as Grands Prix ( French for 'grand prizes ' or 'great prizes ' ) , which take place worldwide on purpose-built circuits and on public roads . The results of each race are evaluated using a points system to determine two annual World Championships : one for drivers , the other for constructors . Drivers must hold valid Super Licences , the highest class of racing licence issued by the FIA . The races must run on tracks graded 1 ( formerly A ) , the highest grade-rating issued by the FIA . Most events occur in rural locations on purpose-built tracks , but several events take place on city streets . Formula One cars are the fastest regulated road-course racing cars in the world , owing to very high cornering speeds achieved through the generation of large amounts of aerodynamic downforce . The cars underwent major changes in 2017 , allowing wider front and rear wings , and wider tyres , resulting in peak cornering forces near 6.5 lateral g and top speeds of up to approximately 350 km/h ( 215 mph ) . As of 2019 [ update ] the hybrid engines are limited in performance to a maximum of 15,000 rpm , the cars are very dependent on electronics and aerodynamics , suspension and tyres . Traction control and other driving aids have been banned since 2008 ."}]}, {'value': '2.0 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Therme Erding', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Therme_Erding', 'summary': 'Therme Erding is the second largest thermal bath complex in Europe ( after Therme Bucharest ) at 185,000 square metres ( 46 acres ) . It is 30 minutes northeast of Munich by car and is visited by around 4000 people every day .'}]}, {'value': 'Erding', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Water park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_park', 'summary': 'A water park or waterpark is an amusement park that features water play areas such as swimming pools , water slides , splash pads , water playgrounds , and lazy rivers , as well as areas for bathing , swimming , and other barefoot environments . Modern water parks may also be equipped with some type of artificial surfing or bodyboarding environment , such as a wave pool or flowrider .'}]}, {'value': '1.5 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Movie Park Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Movie_Park_Germany', 'summary': 'Movie Park Germany is a theme park in Bottrop-Kirchhellen in western Germany , 50 km ( 30 mi ) north of Düsseldorf . With an area of 40 hectare ( 98 acres ) , it consists of 7 areas based on movies and TV series . Nearby the park are several film studios .'}]}, {'value': 'Bottrop', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amusement park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amusement_park', 'summary': "An amusement park is a park that features various attractions , such as rides and games , as well as other events for entertainment purposes . A theme park is a type of amusement park that bases its structures and attractions around a central theme , often featuring multiple areas with different themes . Unlike temporary and mobile funfairs and carnivals , amusement parks are stationary and built for long-lasting operation . They are more elaborate than city parks and playgrounds , usually providing attractions that cater to a variety of age groups . While amusement parks often contain themed areas , theme parks place a heavier focus with more intricately-designed themes that revolve around a particular subject or group of subjects . Amusement parks evolved from European fairs , pleasure gardens and large picnic areas , which were created for people 's recreation . World 's fairs and other types of international expositions also influenced the emergence of the amusement park industry . Lake Compounce opened in 1846 and is considered the oldest , continuously-operating amusement park in North America . The first theme parks emerged in the mid-twentieth century with the opening of Santa Claus Land in 1946 , Santa 's Workshop in 1949 , and Disneyland in 1955 ."}]}, {'value': '1.3 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Legoland Deutschland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Legoland_Deutschland', 'summary': 'Legoland Deutschland is a Legoland park located in Günzburg in southern Germany , roughly half way from Munich to Stuttgart , which opened in 2002 . It is 43.5 hectares ( 107 acres ) in area , and it is one of the four most popular theme parks in Germany . The Miniland contains Lego reproductions of various German cities and rural landscapes .'}]}, {'value': 'Günzburg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miniature park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miniature_park', 'summary': 'A miniature park is a display of miniature buildings and models , usually as a recreational and tourist attraction open to the public . A miniature park may contain a model of a single city or town , often called a miniature city or model village , or it can contain a number of different sets of models .'}]}, {'value': '1.3 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leipzig Zoological Garden Zoo of the future', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leipzig_Zoological_Garden', 'summary': "Leipzig Zoological Garden , or Leipzig Zoo is a zoo in Leipzig city , Germany . It was first opened on June 9 , 1878 . It was taken over by the city of Leipzig in 1920 after World War I and now covers about 27 hectares ( 67 acres ) and contains approximately 850 species . Leipzig zoo is internationally noted for its large building projects such as Pongoland ( housing gorilla , chimpanzee , bonobo and orangutan ) and Gondwanaland ( world 's second largest indoor rainforest hall at 1.65 ha or 4.1 acres ) . It has bred more than 2,000 lions , 250 rare Siberian tigers , and other carnivores like bears . Leipzig Zoological Garden has been called the Zoo of the future ."}]}, {'value': 'Leipzig', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zoo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zoo', 'summary': "A zoo ( short for zoological garden ; also called an animal park or menagerie ) is a facility in which all animals are housed within enclosures , displayed to the public , and in which they may also breed . The term zoological garden refers to zoology , the study of animals , a term deriving from the Greek 'zoion , animal , and logia , study . The abbreviation zoo was first used of the London Zoological Gardens , which was opened for scientific study in 1828 and to the public in 1857 . In the United States alone , zoos are visited by over 181 million people annually ."}]}, {'value': '1.2 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2.1 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Phantasialand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phantasialand', 'summary': "Phantasialand is a theme park in Brühl , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany that attracts approximately 2 million visitors annually . The park was opened in 1967 by Gottlieb Löffelhardt and Richard Schmidt . Although starting as a family-oriented park , Phantasialand has also added thrill rides , especially during recent years . Furthermore , following the example of Europa-Park , they have decided to attract business customers beside the regular ones , calling it Business to Pleasure . Among the park 's thrill rides is Taron ( the world 's fastest multi-launch coaster ) , Black Mamba ( a Bolliger & Mabillard inverted coaster ) and a themed Mine Train roller coaster called Colorado Adventure , which runs among some mountains in the park 's Wild West section and was opened by Michael Jackson ."}]}, {'value': 'Brühl', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amusement park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amusement_park', 'summary': "An amusement park is a park that features various attractions , such as rides and games , as well as other events for entertainment purposes . A theme park is a type of amusement park that bases its structures and attractions around a central theme , often featuring multiple areas with different themes . Unlike temporary and mobile funfairs and carnivals , amusement parks are stationary and built for long-lasting operation . They are more elaborate than city parks and playgrounds , usually providing attractions that cater to a variety of age groups . While amusement parks often contain themed areas , theme parks place a heavier focus with more intricately-designed themes that revolve around a particular subject or group of subjects . Amusement parks evolved from European fairs , pleasure gardens and large picnic areas , which were created for people 's recreation . World 's fairs and other types of international expositions also influenced the emergence of the amusement park industry . Lake Compounce opened in 1846 and is considered the oldest , continuously-operating amusement park in North America . The first theme parks emerged in the mid-twentieth century with the opening of Santa Claus Land in 1946 , Santa 's Workshop in 1949 , and Disneyland in 1955 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.75 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heide Park Resort', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heide_Park_Resort', 'summary': 'Heide Park is a theme park in Soltau , Lower Saxony , Germany . With an overall area of over 850,000 m² ( 210 acres ) , it is the largest amusement park in Northern Germany and among the largest in the country . It is part of the British-based Merlin Entertainments which operates 123 attractions in 24 countries .'}]}, {'value': 'Soltau', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amusement park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amusement_park', 'summary': "An amusement park is a park that features various attractions , such as rides and games , as well as other events for entertainment purposes . A theme park is a type of amusement park that bases its structures and attractions around a central theme , often featuring multiple areas with different themes . Unlike temporary and mobile funfairs and carnivals , amusement parks are stationary and built for long-lasting operation . They are more elaborate than city parks and playgrounds , usually providing attractions that cater to a variety of age groups . While amusement parks often contain themed areas , theme parks place a heavier focus with more intricately-designed themes that revolve around a particular subject or group of subjects . Amusement parks evolved from European fairs , pleasure gardens and large picnic areas , which were created for people 's recreation . World 's fairs and other types of international expositions also influenced the emergence of the amusement park industry . Lake Compounce opened in 1846 and is considered the oldest , continuously-operating amusement park in North America . The first theme parks emerged in the mid-twentieth century with the opening of Santa Claus Land in 1946 , Santa 's Workshop in 1949 , and Disneyland in 1955 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.6 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deutsches Museum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deutsches_Museum', 'summary': "The Deutsches Museum ( German Museum , officially Deutsches Museum von Meisterwerken der Naturwissenschaft und Technik ( English : German Museum of Masterpieces of Science and Technology ) ) in Munich , Germany , is the world 's largest museum of science and technology , with about 28,000 exhibited objects from 50 fields of science and technology . It receives about 1.5 million visitors per year . The museum was founded on 28 June 1903 , at a meeting of the Association of German Engineers ( VDI ) as an initiative of Oskar von Miller . It is the largest museum in Munich . For a period of time the museum was used to host pop and rock concerts including The Who , Jimi Hendrix and Elton John ."}]}, {'value': 'Munich', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Museum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Germany', 'summary': 'This is a list of museums and galleries in Germany .'}]}, {'value': '1.4 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hamburg Planetarium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hamburg_Planetarium', 'summary': "Hamburg Planetarium is one of the world 's oldest , and one of Europe 's most visited planetariums . It is located in the district of Winterhude , Hamburg , Germany , and housed in a former water tower at the center of Hamburg Stadtpark ."}]}, {'value': 'Hamburg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Planetarium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Planetarium', 'summary': "A planetarium ( plural planetaria or planetariums ) is a theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night sky , or for training in celestial navigation . A dominant feature of most planetaria is the large dome-shaped projection screen onto which scenes of stars , planets , and other celestial objects can be made to appear and move realistically to simulate the complex 'motions of the heavens ' . The celestial scenes can be created using a wide variety of technologies , for example precision-engineered 'star balls ' that combine optical and electro-mechanical technology , slide projector , video and fulldome projector systems , and lasers . Whatever technologies are used , the objective is normally to link them together to simulate an accurate relative motion of the sky . Typical systems can be set to simulate the sky at any point in time , past or present , and often to depict the night sky as it would appear from any point of latitude on Earth . Planetariums range in size from the 37 meter dome in St. Petersburg , Russia ( called Planetarium No 1 ) to three-meter inflatable portable domes where attendees sit on the floor . The largest planetarium in the Western Hemisphere is the Jennifer Chalsty Planetarium at Liberty Science Center in New Jersey ( 27 meters in diameter ) . The Birla Planetarium in Kolkata , India is the largest by seating capacity ( 630 seats ) . Thereafter , the China Science and Technology Museum Planetarium in Beijing , China has the largest seating capacity ( 442 seats ) . In North America , the Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City has the greatest number of seats ( 423 ) . The term planetarium is sometimes used generically to describe other devices which illustrate the solar system , such as a computer simulation or an orrery . Planetarium software refers to a software application that renders a three-dimensional image of the sky onto a two-dimensional computer screen ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0.4 million', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Most visited ... -- Theme parks', 'section_text': 'The table below shows some of the most visited theme parks or related facilities in Germany . Atlantica SuperSplash in Europa-Park', 'uid': 'Tourism_in_Germany_1', 'intro': "Germany is the eighth most visited country in the world, with a total of 407.26 million overnights during 2012. This number includes 68.83 million nights by foreign visitors, the majority of foreign tourists in 2009 coming from the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland (see table). Additionally, more than 30% of Germans spend their holiday in their own country. According to Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Reports, Germany is ranked 3 out of 136 countries in the 2017 report, and is rated as one of the safest travel destinations worldwide. In 2012, over 30.4 million international tourists arrived in Germany, bringing over US$38 billion in international tourism receipts to the country. Domestic and international travel and tourism combined directly to contribute over EUR43.2 billion to the German GDP. Including indirect and induced impacts, the industry contributes 4.5% of German GDP and supports 2 million jobs (4.8% of total employment). The ITB Berlin is the world's leading tourism trade fair. According to surveys, the top three reasons for tourists to come to Germany, are the German culture, outdoor activities and countryside, and the German cities."}	null	null	What is the longer track in the complex in Nürburg that had 2.0 million visitors in 2002 ?	Nordschleife
09cd721538d8bbee	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_generals_(Union)', 'title': 'List of American Civil War generals (Union)', 'header': ['Name', 'Substantive Rank', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Hackleman , Pleasant Adams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pleasant_A._Hackleman', 'summary': "Pleasant Adams Hackleman ( November 15 , 1814 - October 3 , 1862 ) was a lawyer , politician and Union general who was killed during the American Civil War . Hackleman was born in Franklin County , in 1814 . He married Sarah Bradburn in 1833 and began his life as a farmer . He studied law and eventually passed the bar and began practicing law . From 1837-1841 he served as probate judge of Rush County , Indiana . In 1840 he became editor of the Rushville Republican until the war . In 1841 he was elected to the Indiana State Legislature and served as a delegate to the National Republican Convention in Chicago which elected Abraham Lincoln as the Republican presidential candidate . On May 20 , 1861 , when the Civil War began , Indiana Governor Oliver P. Morton appointed Hackleman colonel of the 16th Indiana Volunteer Infantry of one-year volunteers . Hackleman and the 16th Indiana were sent to the Eastern Theater where they were engaged at the Battle of Ball 's Bluff . On April 28 , 1862 he was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers and ordered to report to Ulysses S. Grant in the Western Theater . Hackleman was assigned to command the 1st Brigade in the 2nd Division of the Army of the Tennessee . The 2nd Division , led by Thomas A. Davies , was temporarily attached to William S. Rosecrans ' Army of the Mississippi stationed around Corinth , Mississippi ."}]}, {'value': 'Brigadier general , USV ( April 20 , 1862 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KIA , Battle of Corinth ( October 3 , 1862 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_of_Corinth_I', 'summary': "The siege of Corinth ( also known as the first Battle of Corinth ) was an American Civil War engagement lasting from April 29 to May 30 , 1862 , in Corinth , Mississippi . A collection of Union forces under the overall command of Major General Henry Halleck engaged in a month-long siege of the city , whose Confederate occupants were commanded by General P.G.T . Beauregard . The siege resulted in the capture of the town by Federal forces . The town was a strategic point at the junction of two vital railroad lines , the Mobile and Ohio Railroad and the Memphis and Charleston Railroad . Former Confederate Secretary of War LeRoy Pope Walker called this intersection the vertebrae of the Confederacy . General Halleck argued : Richmond and Corinth are now the great strategic points of the war , and our success at these points should be insured at all hazards . Another reason for the town 's importance was that , if captured by Union forces , it would threaten the security of Chattanooga and render Southern control of the track west of that East Tennessee bastion meaningless . The siege ended when the outnumbered Confederates withdrew on May 29 . This effectively cut off the prospect of further Confederate attempts to regain western Tennessee . The Union forces under Ulysses S. Grant took control and made it the base for Grant 's operations to seize control of the Mississippi River Valley , and especially the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg , Mississippi . Grant later within his memoirs would recall the importance Corinth held in the cause to a Union victory in the region : Corinth was a valuable strategic point for the enemy to hold , and consequently a valuable one for us to possess ourselves of ."}]}, {'value': 'Halleck , Henry Wager', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Wager_Halleck', 'summary': "Henry Wager Halleck ( January 16 , 1815 - January 9 , 1872 ) was a United States Army officer , scholar , and lawyer . A noted expert in military studies , he was known by a nickname that became derogatory : Old Brains . He was an important participant in the admission of California as a state and became a successful lawyer and land developer . Halleck served as General-in-Chief of all Union armies during the American Civil War . Early in the Civil War , Halleck was a senior Union Army commander in the Western Theater . He commanded operations in the Western Theater from 1861 until 1862 , during which time , while the Union armies in the east were defeated and held back , the troops under Halleck 's command won many important victories . However , Halleck was not present at the battles , and his subordinates earned most of the recognition . The only operation in which Halleck exercised field command was the Siege of Corinth in the spring of 1862 , a Union victory which he conducted with extreme caution . Halleck also developed rivalries with many of his subordinate generals , such as Ulysses S. Grant and Don Carlos Buell . In July 1862 , following Major General George B. McClellan 's failed Peninsula Campaign in the Eastern Theater , Halleck was promoted to general-in-chief of all U.S. armies . Halleck served in this capacity for about a year and a half . Halleck was a cautious general who believed strongly in thorough preparations for battle and in the value of defensive fortifications over quick , aggressive action ."}]}, {'value': 'Major general , USA ( August 19 , 1861 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'USMA , 1839 General-in-Chief , U.S. Army ( July 23 , 1862 - March 12 , 1864 ) Chief of staff , U.S. Army ( March 12 , 1864-May , 1865 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army', 'summary': 'Prior to the institution of the Chief of Staff of the Army in 1903 , there was generally recognized to be a single senior-most officer in the United States Army ( and its predecessor the Continental Army ) , even though there was not a statutory office as such . During the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) , the title was Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army . In 1783 , the title was simplified to Senior Officer of the United States Army . In 1821 , the title was changed to Commanding General of the United States Army . The office was often referred to by various other titles , such as Major General Commanding the Army or General-in-Chief . From 1789 until its abolition in 1903 , the position of Commanding General was legally subordinate to the Secretary of War . The position was abolished with the creation of the statutory Chief of Staff of the Army in 1903 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chief_of_staff_(military)', 'summary': "The title chief of staff ( or head of staff ) identifies the leader of a complex organization such as the Armed Forces , institution , or body of persons and it also may identify a principal staff officer ( PSO ) , who is the coordinator of the supporting staff or a primary aide-de-camp to an important individual , such as a president , or a senior military officer , or leader of a large organization . In general , a chief of staff provides a buffer between a chief executive and that executive 's direct-reporting team . The chief of staff generally works behind the scenes to solve problems , mediate disputes , and deal with issues before they are brought to the chief executive . Often chiefs of staff act as a confidante and advisor to the chief executive , acting as a sounding board for ideas . Ultimately the actual duties depend on the position and the people involved ."}]}, {'value': 'Hamblin , Joseph Eldridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_Eldridge_Hamblin', 'summary': 'Joseph Eldridge Hamblin ( January 13 , 1828 - July 3 , 1870 ) was an American officer during the Civil War , who led a regiment and then a brigade in the Army of the Potomac .'}]}, {'value': 'Brigadier general , USV ( May 19 , 1865 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hamilton , Andrew J', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_J._Hamilton', 'summary': 'Andrew Jackson Hamilton ( January 28 , 1815 - April 11 , 1875 ) was a United States politician during the third quarter of the 19th century . He was a lawyer , state representative , military governor of Texas , as well as the 11th Governor of Texas during Reconstruction .'}]}, {'value': 'Brigadier general , USV ( September 18 , 1863 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First appointment as brigadier general ( November 14 , 1862 ) never ratified Reconstruction Governor of Texas ( June , 1865-August , 1866 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reconstruction_Era_of_the_United_States', 'summary': "The Reconstruction era was the period in American history which lasted from 1863 to 1877 . It was a significant chapter in the history of American civil rights . The term has two applications : the first applies to the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the American Civil War ; the second , to the attempted transformation of the 11 former Confederate states from 1863 to 1877 , as directed by Congress , and the role of the Union states in that transformation . Reconstruction ended the remnants of Confederate secession and abolished slavery , making the newly freed slaves citizens with civil rights ostensibly guaranteed by three new constitutional amendments . Three visions of Civil War memory appeared during Reconstruction : the reconciliationist vision , which was rooted in coping with the death and devastation the war had brought ; the white supremacist vision , which included segregation and the preservation of the traditional cultural standards of the South ; and the emancipationist vision , which sought full freedom , citizenship , and constitutional equality for African Americans . When President Abraham Lincoln , a Republican , was assassinated at the end of the Civil War , Vice President Andrew Johnson , a Democrat from Tennessee and former slave holder , became president . Johnson favored rapid measures to bring the South back into the Union , allowing the Southern states to determine the rights of former slaves . Radical Republicans in Congress sought stronger , federal measures to upgrade the rights of African Americans , including the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , while curtailing the rights of former Confederates , such as through the provisions of the Wade-Davis Bill . Johnson , the most prominent Southerner to oppose the Confederacy , followed a lenient policy toward ex-Confederates . Lincoln 's last speeches show that he was leaning toward supporting the suffrage of all freedmen , whereas Johnson and the Democratic Party were strongly opposed to this . Johnson 's weak Reconstruction policies prevailed until the congressional elections of 1866 . Those elections followed outbreaks of violence against blacks in the former rebel states , including the Memphis riots of 1866 and the New Orleans massacre of 1866 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Governor_of_Texas', 'summary': "The governor of Texas is the head of the executive branch of Texas 's government and the commander-in-chief of the state 's military forces . The governor has the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Texas Legislature , and to convene the legislature . The governor may grant pardons in cases other than impeachment ( but only when recommended by the Board of Pardons and Paroles ) or in the case of treason , with permission by the legislature . The current governor is Greg Abbott ."}]}, {'value': 'Hamilton , Charles Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Smith_Hamilton', 'summary': 'Charles Smith Hamilton ( November 16 , 1822 - April 17 , 1891 ) was a career United States Army officer who fought with distinction during the Mexican-American War . He also served as a Union Army general during the early part of the American Civil War . After the war Hamilton entered law enforcement and engaged in manufacturing .'}]}, {'value': 'Major general , USV ( September 19 , 1862 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'USMA , 1843 Resigned , April 13 , 1863', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hamilton , Schuyler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Schuyler_Hamilton', 'summary': 'Schuyler Hamilton ( July 22 , 1822 - March 18 , 1903 ) was an American soldier , farmer , engineer , and a grandson of Alexander Hamilton .'}]}, {'value': 'Colonel , USA Brigadier general , USV ( November 12 , 1861 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'USMA , 1841 Grandson of Alexander Hamilton Brother-in-law of Henry W. Halleck ; later brother-in-law to George Washington Cullum Nominated major general , USV ( September 17 , 1862 ) , never confirmed due to illness Resigned February 27 , 1863', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton', 'summary': "Alexander Hamilton ( January 11 , 1755 or 1757 - July 12 , 1804 ) was an American statesman , politician , legal scholar , military commander , lawyer , banker , and economist . He was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States . He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution , as well as the founder of the nation 's financial system , the Federalist Party , the United States Coast Guard , and the New York Post newspaper . As the first Secretary of the Treasury , Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of George Washington 's administration . He took the lead in the Federal government 's funding of the states ' debts , as well as establishing a national bank , a system of tariffs , and friendly trade relations with Britain . His vision included a strong central government led by a vigorous executive branch , a strong commercial economy , a national bank and support for manufacturing , and a strong military . Hamilton was born out of wedlock in Charlestown , Nevis . He was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant . When he reached his teens , he was sent to New York to pursue his education . He took an early role in the militia as the American Revolutionary War began . In 1777 , he became a senior aide to General Washington in running the new Continental Army . After the war , he was elected as a representative from New York to the Congress of the Confederation ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Henry_Wager_Halleck', 'summary': "Henry Wager Halleck ( January 16 , 1815 - January 9 , 1872 ) was a United States Army officer , scholar , and lawyer . A noted expert in military studies , he was known by a nickname that became derogatory : Old Brains . He was an important participant in the admission of California as a state and became a successful lawyer and land developer . Halleck served as General-in-Chief of all Union armies during the American Civil War . Early in the Civil War , Halleck was a senior Union Army commander in the Western Theater . He commanded operations in the Western Theater from 1861 until 1862 , during which time , while the Union armies in the east were defeated and held back , the troops under Halleck 's command won many important victories . However , Halleck was not present at the battles , and his subordinates earned most of the recognition . The only operation in which Halleck exercised field command was the Siege of Corinth in the spring of 1862 , a Union victory which he conducted with extreme caution . Halleck also developed rivalries with many of his subordinate generals , such as Ulysses S. Grant and Don Carlos Buell . In July 1862 , following Major General George B. McClellan 's failed Peninsula Campaign in the Eastern Theater , Halleck was promoted to general-in-chief of all U.S. armies . Halleck served in this capacity for about a year and a half . Halleck was a cautious general who believed strongly in thorough preparations for battle and in the value of defensive fortifications over quick , aggressive action ."}, {'url': '/wiki/George_Washington_Cullum', 'summary': 'George Washington Cullum ( 25 February 1809 - 28 February 1892 ) was an American soldier , engineer and writer . He worked as the supervising engineer on the building and repair of many fortifications across the country . Cullum served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War , primarily in the Western Theater and served as the 16th Superintendent of the United States Military Academy . Following his retirement from the Army , he became a prominent figure in New York society , serving in many societies , and as vice president of the American Geographical Society . The society named the Cullum Geographical Medal after him .'}]}, {'value': 'Hamlin , Cyrus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cyrus_Hamlin_(general)', 'summary': 'Cyrus Hamlin ( April 26 , 1839 - August 28 , 1867 ) was an attorney , politician , and a general from Bangor , Maine , who served in the Union Army during the American Civil War .'}]}, {'value': 'Colonel , USA ( February 12 , 1863 ) Brigadier general , USV ( December 13 , 1864 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Son of Vice President Hannibal Hamlin Brother of Charles Hamlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States', 'summary': "The vice president of the United States is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government , after the president of the United States , and ranks first in the presidential line of succession . The vice president is also an officer in the legislative branch , as president of the Senate . In this capacity , the vice president is empowered to preside over Senate deliberations , but may not vote except to cast a tie-breaking vote . The vice president also presides over joint sessions of Congress . The vice president is indirectly elected together with the president to a four-year term of office by the people of the United States through the Electoral College . Section 2 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment , ratified in 1967 , created a mechanism for intra-term vice presidential succession , establishing that vice presidential vacancies will be filled by the president and confirmed by both houses of Congress . Prior to 1967 , in the event a vice president succeeded to the presidency , died , or resigned from office , the vice presidency remained vacant until the next presidential and vice presidential terms began . The vice president is also a statutory member of the National Security Council , and the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution . The Office of the Vice President assists and organises the vice president 's official functions . The role of the vice presidency has changed dramatically since the office was created during the 1787 constitutional Convention . Especially over the past 100 years , the vice presidency has evolved into a position of domestic and foreign policy political power , and is now widely seen as an integral part of a president 's administration . As the vice president 's role within the executive branch has expanded , his role within the legislative branch has contracted ; for example , he presides over the Senate only infrequently ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin', 'summary': "Hannibal Hamlin ( August 27 , 1809 - July 4 , 1891 ) was an American attorney and politician from the state of Maine . In a public service career that spanned over 50 years , he served as the 15th vice president of the United States . The first Republican to hold the office , Hamlin served from 1861 to 1865 . He is considered among the most influential politicians to have come from Maine . A native of Paris , Maine ( part of Massachusetts until 1820 ) , Hamlin managed his father 's farm before becoming a newspaper editor . He studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1833 , and began to practice in Hampden , Maine . Originally a Democrat , Hamlin began his political career with election to the Maine House of Representatives in 1835 and an appointment to the military staff of the Governor of Maine . As an officer in the militia , he took part in the 1839 negotiations that helped end the Aroostook War . In the 1840s Hamlin was elected and served in the United States House of Representatives . In 1848 the state house elected him to the United States Senate , where he served until January 1857 . He served temporarily as governor for six weeks in the beginning of 1857 , after which he returned to the Senate . Hamlin was an active opponent of slavery ; he supported the Wilmot Proviso and opposed the Compromise Measures of 1850 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Charles_Hamlin_(general)', 'summary': 'Charles Hamlin ( September 13 , 1837 - May 15 , 1911 ) , from Bangor , Maine , was an attorney and a Union Army officer during the American Civil War , attaining the rank of major . He was nominated for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers by President Andrew Johnson on January 13 , 1866 , to rank from March 13 , 1865 , and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12 , 1866 . He was one of the sons of Vice President Hannibal Hamlin and a brother to Cyrus Hamlin , a Union Army brigadier general .'}]}, {'value': 'Hammond , William Alexander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Alexander_Hammond', 'summary': 'William Alexander Hammond ( 28 August 1828 - 5 January 1900 ) was an American military physician and neurologist . During the American Civil War he was the eleventh Surgeon General of the United States Army ( 1862-1864 ) and the founder of the Army Medical Museum ( now the National Museum of Health and Medicine ) . He was the first American physician to devote himself entirely to neurology , the author of the first American treatise about neurology , and one of the founders of the American Neurological Association .'}]}, {'value': 'Brigadier general , USA ( April 25 , 1862 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Surgeon General ( 1862-1864 ) Dismissed from service , August 18 , 1864', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States_Army', 'summary': "The Surgeon General of the United States Army is the senior-most officer of the U.S. Army Medical Department ( AMEDD ) . By policy , the Surgeon General ( TSG ) serves as Commanding General , U.S. Army Medical Command ( MEDCOM ) as well as head of the AMEDD . The surgeon general 's office and staff are known as the Office of the Surgeon General ( OTSG ) and are located in Falls Church , Virginia . Since 1959 , TSG has been appointed in the grade of lieutenant general . By law , TSG may be appointed from any of the six officer branches of the AMEDD . However , prior to the 43rd Surgeon General , Lt. Gen. Patricia Horoho - an Army Nurse Corps officer - all appointed and confirmed surgeons general have been Medical Corps officers - military physicians . The incumbent Surgeon General is medical administrator Lieutenant General R. Scott Dingle , a Medical Service Corps officer . The 44th Army Surgeon LTG Nadja West retired on July 19 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hancock , Winfield Scott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock', 'summary': "Winfield Scott Hancock ( February 14 , 1824 - February 9 , 1886 ) was a United States Army officer and the Democratic nominee for President of the United States in 1880 . He served with distinction in the Army for four decades , including service in the Mexican-American War and as a Union general in the American Civil War . Known to his Army colleagues as Hancock the Superb , he was noted in particular for his personal leadership at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863 . His military service continued after the Civil War , as Hancock participated in the military Reconstruction of the South and the Army 's presence at the Western frontier . Hancock 's reputation as a war hero at Gettysburg , combined with his status as a Unionist and supporter of states ' rights , made him a potential presidential candidate . When the Democrats nominated him for President in 1880 , he ran a strong campaign , but was narrowly defeated by Republican James A. Garfield . Hancock 's last public service involved the oversight of General Ulysses S. Grant 's funeral procession in 1885 ."}]}, {'value': 'Brigadier general , USA ( August 12 , 1864 ) Major general , USV ( November 29 , 1862 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'USMA , 1844 Received the Thanks of Congress ( April 21 , 1866 ) Commander-in-chief , MOLLUS ( 1879-1886 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thanks_of_Congress', 'summary': "The Thanks of Congress is a series of formal resolutions passed by the United States Congress originally to extend the government 's formal thanks for significant victories or impressive actions by American military commanders and their troops . Although it began during the American Revolutionary War , the practice peaked during the American Civil War . Similarly , the Confederate Congress also passed resolutions honoring extraordinary performance to individuals or military units ."}]}, {'value': 'Hardie , James Allen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Allen_Hardie', 'summary': 'James Allen Hardie ( May 5 , 1823 - December 14 , 1876 ) was an American soldier , serving in a number of important administrative positions in the Union Army during the American Civil War .'}]}, {'value': 'Colonel , USA ( March , 1864 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'USMA , 1843 Appointed brigadier general , USV ( November 29 , 1862 ) , appointment revoked January 22 , 1863', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hardin , Martin Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Davis_Hardin', 'summary': 'Martin Davis Hardin ( June 26 , 1837 - December 12 , 1923 ) was a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . He was appointed a brigadier general on July 6 , 1864 , to rank from July 2 , 1864 , the date of U.S. Senate confirmation of his promotion .'}]}, {'value': 'Major , USA Brigadier general , USV ( July 2 , 1864 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'USMA , 1859', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harding , Abner Clark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abner_Clark_Harding', 'summary': 'Abner Clark Harding ( February 10 , 1807 - July 19 , 1874 ) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois .'}]}, {'value': 'Brigadier general , USV ( March 13 , 1863 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Resigned June , 1863 U.S . Congressman from Illinois ( 1865-1869 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Illinois', 'summary': "Illinois ( /ˌɪləˈnɔɪ/ ( listen ) IL-ə-NOY ) is a state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes Regions of the United States . It has the fifth largest gross domestic product ( GDP ) , the sixth largest population , and the 25th largest land area of all U.S. states . Illinois has been noted as a microcosm of the entire United States . With Chicago in northeastern Illinois , small industrial cities and immense agricultural productivity in the north and center of the state , and natural resources such as coal , timber , and petroleum in the south , Illinois has a diverse economic base , and is a major transportation hub . Chicagoland , Chicago 's metropolitan area , encompasses over 65% of the state 's population . The Port of Chicago connects the state to international ports via two main routes : from the Great Lakes , via the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River , via the Illinois Waterway to the Illinois River . The Mississippi River , the Ohio River , and the Wabash River form parts of the boundaries of Illinois . For decades , Chicago 's O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world 's busiest airports . Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and , through the 1980s , in politics . The capital of Illinois is Springfield , which is located in the central part of the state . Although today Illinois 's largest population center is in its northeast , the state 's European population grew first in the west as the French settled lands near the Mississippi River , when the region was known as Illinois Country and was part of New France . Following the American Revolutionary War , American settlers began arriving from Kentucky in the 1780s via the Ohio River , and the population grew from south to north ."}]}, {'value': 'Harker , Charles Garrison', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Garrison_Harker', 'summary': 'Charles Garrison Harker ( December 2 , 1837 - June 27 , 1864 ) was a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . He was killed in action at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain in northern Georgia during the Atlanta Campaign . Fort Harker in Kansas , an active garrison of the United States Army from 1866 to 1872 , was named in his honor .'}]}, {'value': 'Brigadier general , USV ( April 10 , 1864 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'USMA , 1858 KIA , Battle of Kennesaw Mountain ( June 26 , 1864 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_of_Kennesaw_Mountain', 'summary': "The Battle of Kennesaw Mountain was fought on June 27 , 1864 , during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War . It was the most significant frontal assault launched by Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman against the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston , ending in a tactical defeat for the Union forces . Strategically , however , the battle failed to deliver the result that the Confederacy desperately needed - namely a halt to Sherman 's advance on Atlanta . Sherman 's 1864 campaign against Atlanta , Georgia , was initially characterized by a series of flanking maneuvers against Johnston , each of which compelled the Confederate army to withdraw from heavily fortified positions with minimal casualties on either side . After two months and 70 miles ( 110 km ) of such maneuvering , Sherman 's path was blocked by imposing fortifications on Kennesaw Mountain , near Marietta , Georgia , and the Union general chose to change his tactics and ordered a large-scale frontal assault on June 27 , 1864 . Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson feinted against the northern end of Kennesaw Mountain , while his corps under Maj. Gen. John A. Logan assaulted Pigeon Hill on its southwest corner . At the same time , Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas launched strong attacks against Cheatham Hill at the center of the Confederate line . Both attacks were repulsed with heavy losses , but a demonstration by Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield achieved a strategic success by threatening the Confederate army 's left flank , prompting yet another Confederate withdrawal toward Atlanta and the removal of General Johnston from command of the army ."}]}, {'value': 'Harland , Edward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edward_Harland_(general)', 'summary': 'Edward Harland ( June 24 , 1832 - March 9 , 1915 ) was a Union general during the American Civil War . He was associated with early battles of the IX Corps as well as Union involvement in North Carolina and the Tidewater region of Virginia .'}]}, {'value': 'Brigadier general , USV ( November 29 , 1862 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harney , William Selby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_S._Harney', 'summary': 'William Selby Harney ( August 22 , 1800 - May 9 , 1889 ) was a Tennessee-born cavalry officer in the U.S. Army , who became known ( and controversial ) during the Indian Wars and the Mexican-American War . One of four general officers in the U.S. Army at the beginning of the Civil War , he was removed from overseeing the Department of the West due to his Confederate sympathies early in the war ( although he did keep Missouri from joining the Confederacy ) . Under President Andrew Johnson , he served with on the Indian Peace Commission , negotiating several treaties , before spending his retirement partly in St. Louis and partly trading reminiscences with Jefferson Davis in Mississippi .'}]}, {'value': 'Brigadier general , USA ( June 14 , 1858 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harris , Thomas Maley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Maley_Harris', 'summary': 'Thomas Maley Harris ( 1817-1906 ) was a physician and Union general during the American Civil War . Born and raised in Harrisville , Virginia ( now part of West Virginia ) , Harris originally set out to be a teacher , but changed career paths to study medicine . He received his medical degree from Louisville Medical College in 1843 and returned to Virginia to practice medicine until 1861 , when he closed his practice when the Civil War began .'}]}, {'value': 'Brigadier general , USV ( March 29 , 1865 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Commissioner on Lincoln assassination trial', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_assassination', 'summary': "Abraham Lincoln , the 16th President of the United States , was assassinated by well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth on April 14 , 1865 , while attending the play Our American Cousin at Ford 's Theatre in Washington , D.C . Shot in the head as he watched the play , Lincoln died the following day at 7:22 am , in the Petersen House opposite the theater . He was the first U.S. president to be assassinated , with his funeral and burial marking an extended period of national mourning . Occurring near the end of the American Civil War , the assassination was part of a larger conspiracy intended by Booth to revive the Confederate cause by eliminating the three most important officials of the United States government . Conspirators Lewis Powell and David Herold were assigned to kill Secretary of State William H. Seward , and George Atzerodt was tasked with killing Vice President Andrew Johnson . Beyond Lincoln 's death , the plot failed : Seward was only wounded and Johnson 's would-be attacker lost his nerve . After a dramatic initial escape , Booth was killed at the climax of a 12-day manhunt . Powell , Herold , Atzerodt and Mary Surratt were later hanged for their roles in the conspiracy ."}]}, {'value': 'Harrison , Benjamin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison', 'summary': "Benjamin Harrison ( August 20 , 1833 - March 13 , 1901 ) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 23rd president of the United States from 1889 to 1893 . He was a grandson of the ninth president , William Henry Harrison , creating the only grandfather-grandson duo to have held the office . He was also a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V , a founding father who signed the United States Declaration of Independence . Harrison was born on a farm by the Ohio River and studied law at the University of Cincinnati . After moving to Indianapolis , Harrison established himself as a prominent local attorney , Presbyterian church leader , and politician in Indiana . During the American Civil War , he served in the Union Army as a colonel , and was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as a brevet brigadier general of volunteers in 1865 . Harrison unsuccessfully ran for governor of Indiana in 1876 . The Indiana General Assembly elected Harrison to a six-year term in the U.S. Senate , where he served from 1881 to 1887 . A Republican , Harrison was elected to the presidency in 1888 , defeating the Democratic incumbent , Grover Cleveland . Hallmarks of Harrison 's administration included unprecedented economic legislation , including the McKinley Tariff , which imposed historic protective trade rates , and the Sherman Antitrust Act . Harrison also facilitated the creation of the national forest reserves through an amendment to the Land Revision Act of 1891 . During his administration six western states were admitted to the Union ."}]}, {'value': 'Colonel , USV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U.S . Senator from Indiana ( 1881-1887 ) 23rd President of the United States ( 1889-1893 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana', 'summary': "Indiana /ˌɪndiˈænə/ ( listen ) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America . Indiana is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis . Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11 , 1816 . Indiana borders Lake Michigan to the northwest , Michigan to the north , Ohio to the east , Kentucky to the south and southeast , and Illinois to the west . Before becoming a territory , various indigenous peoples and Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years . Since its founding as a territory , settlement patterns in Indiana have reflected regional cultural segmentation present in the Eastern United States ; the state 's northernmost tier was settled primarily by people from New England and New York , Central Indiana by migrants from the Mid-Atlantic states and from adjacent Ohio , and Southern Indiana by settlers from the Southern states , particularly Kentucky and Tennessee . Indiana has a diverse economy with a gross state product of $ 359.12 billion in 2017 . Indiana has several metropolitan areas with populations greater than 100,000 and a number of smaller industrial cities and towns . Indiana is home to professional sports teams , including the NFL 's Indianapolis Colts and the NBA 's Indiana Pacers , and hosts several notable athletic events , including the Indianapolis 500 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/President_of_the_United_States', 'summary': "The president of the United States ( POTUS ) [ B ] is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America . The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces . In contemporary times , the president is looked upon as one of the world 's most powerful political figures as the leader of the only remaining global superpower . The role includes responsibility for the world 's most expensive military , which has the second largest nuclear arsenal . The president also leads the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP . The president possesses significant domestic and international hard and soft power . Article II of the Constitution establishes the executive branch of the federal government . It vests the executive power of the United States in the president . The power includes the execution and enforcement of federal law , alongside the responsibility of appointing federal executive , diplomatic , regulatory and judicial officers , and concluding treaties with foreign powers with the advice and consent of the Senate . The president is further empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves , and to convene and adjourn either or both houses of Congress under extraordinary circumstances . The president directs the foreign and domestic policies of the United States , and takes an active role in promoting his policy priorities to members of Congress . In addition , as part of the system of checks and balances , Article I , Section 7 of the Constitution gives the president the power to sign or veto federal legislation ."}]}, {'value': 'Harrow , William', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Harrow', 'summary': 'William Harrow ( November 14 , 1822 - September 27 , 1872 ) was a lawyer in Indiana , United States of America , and a controversial Union general in the American Civil War .'}]}, {'value': 'Brigadier general , USV ( November 29 , 1862 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Relieved , September 1864 Resigned , April 7 , 1865', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hartranft , John F', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_F._Hartranft', 'summary': 'John Frederick Hartranft ( December 16 , 1830 - October 17 , 1889 ) was the United States military officer who read the death warrant to the individuals who were executed on July 7 , 1865 for conspiring to assassinate American President Abraham Lincoln . Previously having achieved the rank of major general of the Union Army during the American Civil War , he had also been awarded the U.S. Medal of Honor for his actions in the First Battle of Bull Run . Post-war , he served as the 17th Governor of Pennsylvania from 1873 to 1879 .'}]}, {'value': 'Brigadier general , USV ( May 12 , 1864 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MOH , First Battle of Bull Run Provost Marshal , Lincoln Assassination trial Commander-in-chief , GAR ( 1875-1877 ) Governor of Pennsylvania ( 1873-1879 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run', 'summary': "The First Battle of Bull Run ( the name used by Union forces ) , also known as the First Battle of Manassas ( the name used by Confederate forces ) , was the first major battle of the American Civil War and was a Confederate victory . The battle was fought on July 21 , 1861 in Prince William County , Virginia , just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington , D.C . The Union 's forces were slow in positioning themselves , allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail . Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle . It was a Confederate victory , followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces . Just months after the start of the war at Fort Sumter , the Northern public clamored for a march against the Confederate capital of Richmond , Virginia , which was expected to bring an early end to the Confederacy . Yielding to political pressure , Brig . Gen. Irvin McDowell led his unseasoned Union Army across Bull Run against the equally inexperienced Confederate Army of Brig . Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard camped near Manassas Junction . McDowell 's ambitious plan for a surprise flank attack on the Confederate left was poorly executed ; nevertheless , the Confederates , who had been planning to attack the Union left flank , found themselves at an initial disadvantage . Confederate reinforcements under Brig . Gen. Joseph E. Johnston arrived from the Shenandoah Valley by railroad , and the course of the battle quickly changed ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Provost_Marshal', 'summary': 'Provost marshal is a title given to a person in charge of a group of military police ( MP ) . The title originated with an older term for military police , provosts . While a provost marshal is now usually a senior commissioned officer , he/she may be a person of any rank , who commands any number of MPs ; historically , the title was sometimes applied to civilian officials , especially under conditions of martial law , or when a military force had day-to-day responsibility for some or all aspects of civilian law enforcement ( such as some British colonies ) . A provost marshal may also oversee security services , imprisonment , fire/emergency services and ambulances .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Governor_of_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "The Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is the head of the executive branch of Pennsylvania 's state government and serves as the commander-in-chief of the state 's military forces . The governor has a duty to enforce state laws , and the power to approve or veto bills passed by the Pennsylvania Legislature and to convene the legislature . The governor may grant pardons except in cases of impeachment , but only when recommended by the Board of Pardons . There have been seven presidents and 46 governors of Pennsylvania , with two governors serving non-consecutive terms , totaling 55 terms in both offices . The longest term was that of the first governor , Thomas Mifflin , who served three full terms as governor in addition to two years as president . The shortest term belonged to John Bell , who served only 19 days as acting governor after his predecessor , Edward Martin resigned . The current governor is Democrat Tom Wolf , whose term began on January 20 , 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hartsuff , George Lucas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_L._Hartsuff', 'summary': 'George Lucas Hartsuff ( May 28 , 1830 - May 16 , 1874 ) was an American soldier , born at Tyre , New York . He graduated at West Point in 1852 , graduating 19th out of 43 in his class . He served on the frontier and in Florida , where , during a fight with the Seminole Indians near Fort Myers in December 1855 , he received a wound which eventually caused his death . Hartsuff survived the wreck of the steamer Lady Elgin on Lake Michigan on September 8 , 1860 . On March 22 , 1861 , Hartsuff was appointed assistant adjutant general with the brevet rank of captain and was assigned to duty under Rosecrans in West Virginia . He held under staff positions , eventually serving briefly as chief of staff of the Mountain Department . Hartsuff became a brigadier general on April 15 , 1862 . He served in third corps Army of Virginia and then in the Army of the Potomac . Hartsuff was severely wounded in the hip at Antietam while leading a brigade in second division I Corps . Immediately after the battle he was made a brevet colonel in the regular army for gallant and meritorious services . Hartsuff was promoted to the rank of major general on November 29 , 1863 . Returning to active duty , he commanded XXIII Corps in the Army of the Ohio from May 28 , 1863 to September 24 , of the same year .'}]}, {'value': 'Lieutenant colonel , USA Major general , USV ( November 19 , 1862 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'USMA , 1852', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Union generals -- H', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_American_Civil_War_Generals_(Union)_7', 'intro': 'The following lists show the names, substantive ranks, and brevet ranks (if applicable) of all general officers who served in the United States Army during the Civil War, in addition to a small selection of lower-ranked officers who received brevets as general officers; while some 1,600 officers received or were nominated for brevets as general officers in the course of the war (or immediately following it for service during the war), only a small selection is listed here; only those who were killed in action, served as department heads within the army, had revoked or incomplete appointments or became U.S. President are listed here. In addition to their names and ranks, there is a small set of notes after every entry listing Medal of Honor or Thanks of Congress citations, West Point graduation dates, important political or Army offices held, retirements or deaths during the war (whether in action or other means), notable relations, rejections or expiration of appointments, or unique facts pertaining to this article (i.e. youngest general, last surviving general, etc. ); for all other information on their lives and accomplishments, please refer to their individual entries. If available, ranks are followed by the to rank from dates (i.e. the date on which the commission is effective) rather than the date of appointment or confirmation, which were generally months if not years later; this is particularly true in the case of brevets, most of which were granted after the war between 1866 and 1869. Note on abbreviations:'}	null	null	What year was the battle that is noted for a general whose nickname was Old Brains ?	1862
09cd754b0d0fb810	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_CONCACAF_Gold_Cup_disciplinary_record', 'title': '2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup disciplinary record', 'header': ['Team', 'Yellow', 'Red', 'Red Cards', 'Reason', 'Suspensions'], 'data': [{'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Canada_men's_national_soccer_team", 'summary': "The Canada men 's national soccer team ( CanMNT ; ( French : Équipe du Canada de soccer masculin ) represents Canada in men 's international soccer competitions at the senior men 's level officially since 1924 . They are overseen by the Canadian Soccer Association and compete in the Confederation of North , Central American and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF ) . Their most significant achievements are winning the 1985 CONCACAF Championship to qualify for the 1986 FIFA World Cup and winning the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup to qualify for the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup . Canada is the only national team to win a Gold Cup aside from regional powerhouses Mexico and the United States . Canada also won a gold medal in the 1904 Summer Olympics . The 1986 World Cup was their only successful qualification campaign in their history ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T. Dunfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terry_Dunfield', 'summary': 'Terence Terry Dunfield ( born February 20 , 1982 ) is a Canadian retired soccer player who played as a midfielder . He is now the head coach of the Toronto FC Academy U14 team , as well as a soccer analyst for TSN .'}]}, {'value': 'Costa Rica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Costa_Rica_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Costa Rica national football team ( Spanish : Selección de fútbol de Costa Rica ) represents Costa Rica in international football . The national team is administered by the Costa Rican Football Federation ( FEDEFUTBOL ) , the governing body for football in Costa Rica . It has been a member of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) since 1927 , the Confederation of North , Central American and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF ) since 1961 , and a member of the Central American Football Union ( UNCAF ) since 1990 . Costa Rica is the most successful national football team in history from the region of Central America . Winning three CONCACAF Championships ( 1963 , 1969 , 1989 ) and leading the Copa Centroamericana tournament with three championships up until 2017 , when it was absorbed into the CONCACAF Nations League . Costa Rica is the only national team in Central America to have played in five FIFA World Cup editions . Costa Rica 's national football team has the all-time highest average Football Elo Ranking in Central America with 1597.1 , and the all-time highest Football Elo Ranking in Central America , with 1806 in 2014 . Since the late 1980s , the team has continuously been visible as a solidly competitive side , with a prominent performance in the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy , making it to the knockout stage in their debut after finishing second in their group during the first phase , below Brazil . They also managed to qualify for the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cups . In 2014 , Costa Rica achieved their best performance in history by finishing first in their group that consisted of three former World Cup champions : Uruguay , Italy , and England . During the Round of 16 they defeated Greece 5-3 via a penalty shootout after a 1-1 draw . Moreover , during the match against a much better team , Navas saved more than 15 shots due to the Costa Rican very weak defense ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'J. Salvatierra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/José_Salvatierra', 'summary': 'José Andres Salvatierra López ( born 10 October 1989 ) is a Costa Rican football player , currently playing for Liga Deportiva Alajuelense , and for the Costa Rica national football team . He plays as a fullback .'}]}, {'value': 'Grenada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grenada_national_football_team', 'summary': 'The Grenada national football team represents Grenada in international football and is controlled by the Grenada Football Association , a member of the Caribbean Football Union of CONCACAF . The team is nicknamed The Spice Boys , a reference to the country being dubbed as the Island of Spice or the Spice Isle . Grenada has never qualified for the World Cup but have finished second in the Caribbean Cup in 1989 and 2008 . Their second-place finish in the 2008 Caribbean Cup gave Grenada its first qualification to a major international competition , that being the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guadeloupe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guadeloupe_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Guadeloupe regional football team ( French : Sélection de la Guadeloupe de football ) represents the French overseas department and region of Guadeloupe in international football . The team is controlled by the Ligue Guadeloupéenne de Football ( English : Guadeloupean Football League ) , a local branch of French Football Federation ( French : Fédération Française de Football ) . As an overseas department of the French Republic , Guadeloupe is not a member of FIFA and is therefore not eligible to enter the FIFA World Cup or any competition organized first-hand by the organization . Guadeloupeans , being French citizens , are eligible to play for the France national football team . Guadeloupe is , however , a member of CONCACAF and the CFU and is eligible for all competitions organized by both organizations . Indeed , according to the status of the FFF ( article 34 , paragraph 6 ) : [ . ] Under the control of related continental confederations , and with the agreement of the FFF , those leagues can organize international sport events at a regional level or set up teams in order to participate to them . ' Guadeloupe 's highest honor to date was reaching the final at the 2010 Caribbean Championship where they were defeated by Jamaica on penalties . In the CONCACAF Gold Cup , Guadeloupe reached the semi-finals in 2007 . The team performed well in the group stage defeating Canada and drawing with Haiti . In the knockout stage of the competition , Guadeloupe eliminated Honduras in the quarterfinals . In the semi-finals , Guadeloupe lost to Mexico 1-0 ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M. Tacalfred vs Panama straight red card J. Lambourde vs Canada straight red card', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mikael_Tacalfred', 'summary': 'Mickaël Tacalfred ( born 23 April 1981 ) is a Guadeloupean professional footballer who plays as a defender for French side Béziers . He represented the Guadeloupe national football team five times at the 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Panama_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Panama national football team ( Spanish : Selección de fútbol de Panamá ) represents Panama in men 's international association football and it 's governed by Panamanian Football Federation , The team represents all three FIFA , CONCACAF and the regional UNCAF . Panama qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time for the 2018 tournament in Russia and scored their first goal of the World Cup against England , although they lost the match 6-1 . Panama finished as runners-up in the 2005 Gold Cup and 2013 Gold Cup , losing to the United States on both occasions . Panama has also competed in the sub-regional Central American Cup championship which they won in 2009 , beating Costa Rica in the final ( 0-0 on full-time , 5-3 on penalties ) . They finished in third place on three occasions ( 1993 , 2011 , 2014 ) , and finished as runners-up in the 2017 edition , which they hosted . The national team is nicknamed Los Canaleros ( The Canal Men ) , in reference to the Panama Canal ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jean-Luc_Lambourde', 'summary': "Jean-Luc Lambourde ( born 10 April 1980 ) is a French football player who plays for Amical Club on the island of Guadeloupe in the Guadeloupe Division d'Honneur . He plays as a Defender and began his football career playing for amateur club Avion in 2002 . After spending three seasons with the club , Lambourde ventured to his native homeland joining his current club , where he currently remains . In his second season with the club , he won the Coupe de Guadeloupe . Lambourde is also a member of the Guadeloupe national football team . He is one of a few players in the team to have participated in all three of the team 's appearances as the CONCACAF Gold Cup ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Canada_men's_national_soccer_team", 'summary': "The Canada men 's national soccer team ( CanMNT ; ( French : Équipe du Canada de soccer masculin ) represents Canada in men 's international soccer competitions at the senior men 's level officially since 1924 . They are overseen by the Canadian Soccer Association and compete in the Confederation of North , Central American and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF ) . Their most significant achievements are winning the 1985 CONCACAF Championship to qualify for the 1986 FIFA World Cup and winning the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup to qualify for the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup . Canada is the only national team to win a Gold Cup aside from regional powerhouses Mexico and the United States . Canada also won a gold medal in the 1904 Summer Olympics . The 1986 World Cup was their only successful qualification campaign in their history ."}]}, {'value': 'violent conduct , tackling', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M. Tacalfred vs Canada J. Lambourde vs United States S. Auvray S. Zubar', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Canada_men's_national_soccer_team", 'summary': "The Canada men 's national soccer team ( CanMNT ; ( French : Équipe du Canada de soccer masculin ) represents Canada in men 's international soccer competitions at the senior men 's level officially since 1924 . They are overseen by the Canadian Soccer Association and compete in the Confederation of North , Central American and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF ) . Their most significant achievements are winning the 1985 CONCACAF Championship to qualify for the 1986 FIFA World Cup and winning the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup to qualify for the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup . Canada is the only national team to win a Gold Cup aside from regional powerhouses Mexico and the United States . Canada also won a gold medal in the 1904 Summer Olympics . The 1986 World Cup was their only successful qualification campaign in their history ."}, {'url': "/wiki/United_States_men's_national_soccer_team", 'summary': "The United States men 's national soccer team ( USMNT ) represents the USA in men 's international soccer competitions . The team is controlled by the United States Soccer Federation and is a member of FIFA and Confederation of North , Central American and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF ) . The team has appeared in ten FIFA World Cups , including the first in 1930 , where they reached the semi-finals and are officially credited with third place , the best finish by any countries from outside the UEFA and CONMEBOL in the World Cup . After participating again in 1934 and 1950 , the U.S. did not qualify for another World Cup until 1990 . After hosting the 1994 World Cup , the team qualified for five more consecutive World Cups after 1994 , becoming one of the tournament 's regular competitors and often advancing to the knockout stage . The U.S. reached the quarter-finals of the 2002 World Cup , their best finish in the modern era . The United States ' best appearance in a FIFA men 's senior tournament came in the 2009 Confederations Cup , where they eliminated top-ranked Spain in the semi-finals before losing to Brazil in the final . The team failed to qualify for the 2018 World Cup , ending their streak of consecutive World Cups at seven . The U.S. will co-host the 2026 FIFA World Cup along with Canada and Mexico . The U.S. also competes in continental tournaments , including the CONCACAF Gold Cup and Copa América . The U.S. has won six Gold Cups and has achieved a fourth-place finish in two Copa Américas , including the 2016 edition . The team 's head coach is Gregg Berhalter and the general manager is Earnie Stewart ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Stéphane_Auvray', 'summary': 'Stéphane Auvray ( born 4 September 1981 ) is a retired Guadeloupean footballer who played as a midfielder . He served as captain of the Guadeloupe national team .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Stéphane_Zubar', 'summary': 'Stéphane Zubar ( born 9 October 1986 ) is a Guadeloupean professional footballer who plays as a defender for National League South club Weymouth . He is the younger brother of Ronald Zubar and cousin of Claude Dielna , both of them being footballers . Zubar began his career at Caen , but never made a first-team appearance and was released from the club after spells on loan at Championnat National club Pau and Belgian First Division club Brussels . He spent the 2009-10 season with Romanian Liga I club Vaslui , where he experienced European football after helping the club to the 2010 Cupa României Final . Zubar signed with English club Plymouth Argyle in November 2010 , and moved on to Bournemouth in September 2011 . He was loaned out to Bury in January 2013 and to Port Vale in September 2014 . He joined League Two club York City in November 2014 , where he played for the rest of 2014-15 . Zubar returned to York on loan in August 2015 , but returned to Bournemouth after he suffered a cruciate ligament injury . He joined Weymouth on non-contract terms in August 2016 , before returning to full-time professional football with Yeovil Town in June 2017 , but after suffering another knee injury left without making an appearance . He returned to Weymouth and helped the club to win the Southern League Premier South champion title in 2018-19 .'}]}, {'value': 'Guatemala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guatemala_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Guatemala national football team ( Spanish : Selección de fútbol de Guatemala ) represents Guatemala in men 's association football and it 's governed by the Federación Nacional de Fútbol de Guatemala . Founded in 1919 , it affiliated to FIFA in 1946 , and it is a member of CONCACAF . The team has n't qualified for the FIFA World Cup in history . The team has made three Olympic tournament appearances , competing at the 1968 , 1976 , and 1988 Olympic Games . Guatemala have never qualified for a finals tournament of the World Cup , although they have reached the final round of qualification on four occasions . Guatemala won the 1967 CONCACAF Championship and the 2001 UNCAF Nations Cup . The team 's best performance in a CONCACAF Gold Cup was in 1996 , when they finished fourth . Carlos Ruiz their top goal scorer , retired his career after the failure of his team to now win the gold cup . Guatemala has also earned a bronze medal at the 1983 Pan American Games in Caracas , Venezuela . The national team kits are supplied by Umbro . Past kit suppliers include Atletica , Adidas and Puma ."}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'G. Cabrera vs Honduras second yellow card H. Medina vs Honduras second yellow card C. Noriega vs Jamaica second yellow card', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gustavo_Adolfo_Cabrera', 'summary': 'Gustavo Adolfo Cabrera Marroquín ( born 13 December 1979 in Santo Tomás , Guatemala ) is a former Guatemalan football defender who last played for Deportivo Marquense in the Liga Nacional de Guatemala and was also a member of the Guatemala national team . On 12 September 2012 he was banned from play for life due to allegations of match-fixing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Honduras_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Honduras national football team ( Spanish : Selección nacional de fútbol de Honduras ) represents Honduras in men 's international football nicknamed Los Catrachos , La Bicolor or La H , it 's governed by the Federación Nacional Autónoma de Fútbol de Honduras ( FENAFUTH ) . To date , the team has qualified three times for the FIFA World Cup , in 1982 , 2010 and 2014 . Outside the FIFA World Cup tournament , Honduras has competed in several other international continental championships , like the CONCACAF Championship which they won in 1981 , and the Copa América championship in which their best result was third place in 2001 . Apart from that Honduras has also won the Central American Cup championship four times and are the current champions , having won the 2017 Copa Centroamericana , in Panama ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Henry_Medina', 'summary': "Henry Medina ( born 16 March 1981 ) is a Guatemalan football defender . He currently plays for CD Suchitepéquez in Guatemala 's top division ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cristian_Noriega', 'summary': 'Cristian Jafeth Noriega Santizo ( born 20 March 1987 ) is a Guatemalan professional football defender .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jamaica_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Jamaica national football team , nicknamed the Reggae Boyz , represents Jamaica in international football . The team 's first match was against Haiti in 1925 . The squad is under the supervising body of the Jamaica Football Federation ( JFF ) , which is a member of the Caribbean Football Union ( CFU ) , Confederation of North , Central American and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF ) , and the global jurisdiction of FIFA . Jamaica 's home matches have been played at Independence Park since its opening in 1962 . The national team has participated in three major football competitions . Their sole appearance in the FIFA World Cup was in 1998 , where the team finished third in its group and failed to advance . The team also competed in the Caribbean Cup winning six times . Jamaica also competes in the CONCACAF Gold Cup , appearing thirteen times and finishing twice as runners-up to Mexico in 2015 and the United States in 2017 . They also have been invited to the Copa América in 2015 , and 2016 with both times being eliminated in the group stage ."}]}, {'value': 'violent conduct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'G. Cabrera vs Jamaica H. Medina vs Jamaica C. Noriega vs Grenada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamaica_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Jamaica national football team , nicknamed the Reggae Boyz , represents Jamaica in international football . The team 's first match was against Haiti in 1925 . The squad is under the supervising body of the Jamaica Football Federation ( JFF ) , which is a member of the Caribbean Football Union ( CFU ) , Confederation of North , Central American and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF ) , and the global jurisdiction of FIFA . Jamaica 's home matches have been played at Independence Park since its opening in 1962 . The national team has participated in three major football competitions . Their sole appearance in the FIFA World Cup was in 1998 , where the team finished third in its group and failed to advance . The team also competed in the Caribbean Cup winning six times . Jamaica also competes in the CONCACAF Gold Cup , appearing thirteen times and finishing twice as runners-up to Mexico in 2015 and the United States in 2017 . They also have been invited to the Copa América in 2015 , and 2016 with both times being eliminated in the group stage ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Grenada_national_football_team', 'summary': 'The Grenada national football team represents Grenada in international football and is controlled by the Grenada Football Association , a member of the Caribbean Football Union of CONCACAF . The team is nicknamed The Spice Boys , a reference to the country being dubbed as the Island of Spice or the Spice Isle . Grenada has never qualified for the World Cup but have finished second in the Caribbean Cup in 1989 and 2008 . Their second-place finish in the 2008 Caribbean Cup gave Grenada its first qualification to a major international competition , that being the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Honduras', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Honduras_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Honduras national football team ( Spanish : Selección nacional de fútbol de Honduras ) represents Honduras in men 's international football nicknamed Los Catrachos , La Bicolor or La H , it 's governed by the Federación Nacional Autónoma de Fútbol de Honduras ( FENAFUTH ) . To date , the team has qualified three times for the FIFA World Cup , in 1982 , 2010 and 2014 . Outside the FIFA World Cup tournament , Honduras has competed in several other international continental championships , like the CONCACAF Championship which they won in 1981 , and the Copa América championship in which their best result was third place in 2001 . Apart from that Honduras has also won the Central American Cup championship four times and are the current champions , having won the 2017 Copa Centroamericana , in Panama ."}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'R. Espinoza vs Mexico second yellow card', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roger_Espinoza', 'summary': 'Roger Aníbal Espinoza Ramírez ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈroʝeɾ espiˈnosa ] ; born 25 October 1986 ) is a Honduran footballer who currently plays for Sporting Kansas City in Major League Soccer . Capable of playing both as a defensive midfielder and as a wing back , Espinoza has represented Honduras at two World Cups and the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Mexico national football team ( Spanish : Selección de fútbol de México ) represents Mexico in international football and is governed by the Mexican Football Federation ( Spanish : Federación Mexicana de Fútbol ) . It competes as a member of CONCACAF , which encompasses the countries of North and Central America , and the Caribbean . The team plays its home games at the Estadio Azteca . Mexico has qualified to sixteen World Cups and has qualified consecutively since 1994 , making it one of six countries to do so . The Mexico national team , along with Brazil are the only two nations to make it out of the group stage over the last seven World Cups . Mexico played France in the very first match of the first World Cup on 13 July 1930 . Mexico 's best progression in World Cups has been reaching the quarter-finals in both the 1970 and 1986 World Cups , both of which were staged on Mexican soil . Mexico is historically the most successful national team in the CONCACAF region , having won eleven confederation titles , including eight CONCACAF Gold Cups and three CONCACAF Championships ( the precursor to the Gold Cup ) , as well as three NAFC Championships , one North American Nations Cup , and one CONCACAF Cup . It is one of eight nations [ a ] to have won two of the three most important football tournaments ( the World Cup , Confederations Cup , and Summer Olympics ) , having won the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2012 Summer Olympics . Mexico is also the only team from CONCACAF to have won an official FIFA competition , winning the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup . Although Mexico is under the jurisdiction of CONCACAF , the national team has been regularly invited to compete in the Copa América from 1993 to 2016 , finishing runner-up twice - in 1993 and 2001 - and obtaining the third-place medal on three occasions ."}]}, {'value': 'violent conduct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A. Mejía vs Costa Rica R. Espinoza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfredo_Mejía', 'summary': 'Alfredo Antonio Mejía Escobar ( born 3 April 1990 ) is a Honduran professional footballer who plays for Greek Super League 2 club Levadiakos .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Costa_Rica_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Costa Rica national football team ( Spanish : Selección de fútbol de Costa Rica ) represents Costa Rica in international football . The national team is administered by the Costa Rican Football Federation ( FEDEFUTBOL ) , the governing body for football in Costa Rica . It has been a member of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) since 1927 , the Confederation of North , Central American and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF ) since 1961 , and a member of the Central American Football Union ( UNCAF ) since 1990 . Costa Rica is the most successful national football team in history from the region of Central America . Winning three CONCACAF Championships ( 1963 , 1969 , 1989 ) and leading the Copa Centroamericana tournament with three championships up until 2017 , when it was absorbed into the CONCACAF Nations League . Costa Rica is the only national team in Central America to have played in five FIFA World Cup editions . Costa Rica 's national football team has the all-time highest average Football Elo Ranking in Central America with 1597.1 , and the all-time highest Football Elo Ranking in Central America , with 1806 in 2014 . Since the late 1980s , the team has continuously been visible as a solidly competitive side , with a prominent performance in the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy , making it to the knockout stage in their debut after finishing second in their group during the first phase , below Brazil . They also managed to qualify for the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cups . In 2014 , Costa Rica achieved their best performance in history by finishing first in their group that consisted of three former World Cup champions : Uruguay , Italy , and England . During the Round of 16 they defeated Greece 5-3 via a penalty shootout after a 1-1 draw . Moreover , during the match against a much better team , Navas saved more than 15 shots due to the Costa Rican very weak defense ."}]}, {'value': 'Jamaica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamaica_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Jamaica national football team , nicknamed the Reggae Boyz , represents Jamaica in international football . The team 's first match was against Haiti in 1925 . The squad is under the supervising body of the Jamaica Football Federation ( JFF ) , which is a member of the Caribbean Football Union ( CFU ) , Confederation of North , Central American and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF ) , and the global jurisdiction of FIFA . Jamaica 's home matches have been played at Independence Park since its opening in 1962 . The national team has participated in three major football competitions . Their sole appearance in the FIFA World Cup was in 1998 , where the team finished third in its group and failed to advance . The team also competed in the Caribbean Cup winning six times . Jamaica also competes in the CONCACAF Gold Cup , appearing thirteen times and finishing twice as runners-up to Mexico in 2015 and the United States in 2017 . They also have been invited to the Copa América in 2015 , and 2016 with both times being eliminated in the group stage ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'J. Taylor vs United States straight red card', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jermaine_Taylor_(Jamaican_footballer)', 'summary': 'Jermaine Omar Taylor ( born 14 January 1985 ) is a Jamaican footballer who plays for Austin Bold in the USL Championship .'}, {'url': "/wiki/United_States_men's_national_soccer_team", 'summary': "The United States men 's national soccer team ( USMNT ) represents the USA in men 's international soccer competitions . The team is controlled by the United States Soccer Federation and is a member of FIFA and Confederation of North , Central American and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF ) . The team has appeared in ten FIFA World Cups , including the first in 1930 , where they reached the semi-finals and are officially credited with third place , the best finish by any countries from outside the UEFA and CONMEBOL in the World Cup . After participating again in 1934 and 1950 , the U.S. did not qualify for another World Cup until 1990 . After hosting the 1994 World Cup , the team qualified for five more consecutive World Cups after 1994 , becoming one of the tournament 's regular competitors and often advancing to the knockout stage . The U.S. reached the quarter-finals of the 2002 World Cup , their best finish in the modern era . The United States ' best appearance in a FIFA men 's senior tournament came in the 2009 Confederations Cup , where they eliminated top-ranked Spain in the semi-finals before losing to Brazil in the final . The team failed to qualify for the 2018 World Cup , ending their streak of consecutive World Cups at seven . The U.S. will co-host the 2026 FIFA World Cup along with Canada and Mexico . The U.S. also competes in continental tournaments , including the CONCACAF Gold Cup and Copa América . The U.S. has won six Gold Cups and has achieved a fourth-place finish in two Copa Américas , including the 2016 edition . The team 's head coach is Gregg Berhalter and the general manager is Earnie Stewart ."}]}, {'value': 'professional foul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'J. Taylor R. Austin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rodolph_Austin', 'summary': "Rodolph William Austin ( born 1 June 1985 ) is a Jamaican professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Esbjerg fB . He is renowned as a tough tackling central midfielder who can play in attacking and central midfield as well as a central defender . He began his career at Portmore United , where he won two Jamaican National Premier League titles and the CFU Club Championship . In 2008 , he moved to Norway 's Brann , contesting four Tippeligaen seasons before moving to Leeds United in July 2012 . He spent three seasons at the Championship club , scoring eight goals in 101 appearances , and briefly captained the side . Austin is captain of the Jamaican national team , for whom he debuted in 2004 . He was part of their squads in three victorious Caribbean Cup tournaments , as well as three CONCACAF Gold Cups and the 2015 Copa América ."}]}, {'value': 'Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Mexico national football team ( Spanish : Selección de fútbol de México ) represents Mexico in international football and is governed by the Mexican Football Federation ( Spanish : Federación Mexicana de Fútbol ) . It competes as a member of CONCACAF , which encompasses the countries of North and Central America , and the Caribbean . The team plays its home games at the Estadio Azteca . Mexico has qualified to sixteen World Cups and has qualified consecutively since 1994 , making it one of six countries to do so . The Mexico national team , along with Brazil are the only two nations to make it out of the group stage over the last seven World Cups . Mexico played France in the very first match of the first World Cup on 13 July 1930 . Mexico 's best progression in World Cups has been reaching the quarter-finals in both the 1970 and 1986 World Cups , both of which were staged on Mexican soil . Mexico is historically the most successful national team in the CONCACAF region , having won eleven confederation titles , including eight CONCACAF Gold Cups and three CONCACAF Championships ( the precursor to the Gold Cup ) , as well as three NAFC Championships , one North American Nations Cup , and one CONCACAF Cup . It is one of eight nations [ a ] to have won two of the three most important football tournaments ( the World Cup , Confederations Cup , and Summer Olympics ) , having won the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2012 Summer Olympics . Mexico is also the only team from CONCACAF to have won an official FIFA competition , winning the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup . Although Mexico is under the jurisdiction of CONCACAF , the national team has been regularly invited to compete in the Copa América from 1993 to 2016 , finishing runner-up twice - in 1993 and 2001 - and obtaining the third-place medal on three occasions ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A. Guardado vs Honduras', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrés_Guardado', 'summary': "José Andrés Guardado Hernández ( Spanish pronunciation : [ anˈdɾez ɣwaɾˈðaðo ] ; born 28 September 1986 ) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays for Spanish club Real Betis and captains the Mexico national team . Mainly a midfielder , he can also operate as a left winger or left back . Popularly known as Principito ( Spanish for Little Prince ) , he came through the youth ranks at Atlas , then signed with Spain 's Deportivo , where he spent five seasons . In 2012 he joined another team in the country , Valencia , and two years later moved to PSV with whom he won two Eredivisie titles . A Mexican international since 2005 , Guardado represented the country in four World Cups , four Gold Cups - winning the 2011 , 2015 and 2019 tournaments - two Copa Américas and two Confederations Cups , winning over 150 caps ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Honduras_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Honduras national football team ( Spanish : Selección nacional de fútbol de Honduras ) represents Honduras in men 's international football nicknamed Los Catrachos , La Bicolor or La H , it 's governed by the Federación Nacional Autónoma de Fútbol de Honduras ( FENAFUTH ) . To date , the team has qualified three times for the FIFA World Cup , in 1982 , 2010 and 2014 . Outside the FIFA World Cup tournament , Honduras has competed in several other international continental championships , like the CONCACAF Championship which they won in 1981 , and the Copa América championship in which their best result was third place in 2001 . Apart from that Honduras has also won the Central American Cup championship four times and are the current champions , having won the 2017 Copa Centroamericana , in Panama ."}]}, {'value': 'Panama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Panama_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Panama national football team ( Spanish : Selección de fútbol de Panamá ) represents Panama in men 's international association football and it 's governed by Panamanian Football Federation , The team represents all three FIFA , CONCACAF and the regional UNCAF . Panama qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time for the 2018 tournament in Russia and scored their first goal of the World Cup against England , although they lost the match 6-1 . Panama finished as runners-up in the 2005 Gold Cup and 2013 Gold Cup , losing to the United States on both occasions . Panama has also competed in the sub-regional Central American Cup championship which they won in 2009 , beating Costa Rica in the final ( 0-0 on full-time , 5-3 on penalties ) . They finished in third place on three occasions ( 1993 , 2011 , 2014 ) , and finished as runners-up in the 2017 edition , which they hosted . The national team is nicknamed Los Canaleros ( The Canal Men ) , in reference to the Panama Canal ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B. Pérez vs El Salvador straight red card', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blas_Pérez', 'summary': 'Blas Antonio Pérez Ortega ( born 13 March 1981 ) is a former Panamanian footballer who played as a forward .'}, {'url': '/wiki/El_Salvador_national_football_team', 'summary': "The El Salvador national football team ( Spanish : Selección de Fútbol de El Salvador ) represents El Salvador in international football , and is governed by the Salvadoran Football Federation ( FESFUT ) . In 1899 , two teams from Santa Ana and San Salvador met for the first known football game in El Salvador . The national team 's first match was played in September 1921 , when they were invited to participate in a tournament to celebrate 100 years of Central American Independence . El Salvador has made two FIFA World Cup appearances : first in 1970 and again in 1982 , but have never progressed beyond the first stage of a finals tournament . They were the 1943 CCCF champions , and finished in second-place in the 1941 and 1961 championships . They have competed in the CONCACAF regional tournaments fourteen times , finishing as runners-up in 1963 and 1981 . La Selecta also competes in the biennial UNCAF Nations Cup , the Pan American Games , the Olympics , and have won two gold medals in the Central American and Caribbean Games . The Estadio Cuscatlán , also known as El Coloso de Montserrat and La Catedral del Espectáculo , is the official home stadium of the El Salvador national football team . Since 2008 , the national team has had a kit sponsorship contract with England-based supplier Mitre . Raúl Díaz Arce is the all-time top-scorer for the national team , with 39 goals , while Alfredo Pacheco has the most caps , with 85 appearances ."}]}, {'value': 'violent conduct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B. Pérez vs United States', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/United_States_men's_national_soccer_team", 'summary': "The United States men 's national soccer team ( USMNT ) represents the USA in men 's international soccer competitions . The team is controlled by the United States Soccer Federation and is a member of FIFA and Confederation of North , Central American and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF ) . The team has appeared in ten FIFA World Cups , including the first in 1930 , where they reached the semi-finals and are officially credited with third place , the best finish by any countries from outside the UEFA and CONMEBOL in the World Cup . After participating again in 1934 and 1950 , the U.S. did not qualify for another World Cup until 1990 . After hosting the 1994 World Cup , the team qualified for five more consecutive World Cups after 1994 , becoming one of the tournament 's regular competitors and often advancing to the knockout stage . The U.S. reached the quarter-finals of the 2002 World Cup , their best finish in the modern era . The United States ' best appearance in a FIFA men 's senior tournament came in the 2009 Confederations Cup , where they eliminated top-ranked Spain in the semi-finals before losing to Brazil in the final . The team failed to qualify for the 2018 World Cup , ending their streak of consecutive World Cups at seven . The U.S. will co-host the 2026 FIFA World Cup along with Canada and Mexico . The U.S. also competes in continental tournaments , including the CONCACAF Gold Cup and Copa América . The U.S. has won six Gold Cups and has achieved a fourth-place finish in two Copa Américas , including the 2016 edition . The team 's head coach is Gregg Berhalter and the general manager is Earnie Stewart ."}]}, {'value': 'El Salvador', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/El_Salvador_national_football_team', 'summary': "The El Salvador national football team ( Spanish : Selección de Fútbol de El Salvador ) represents El Salvador in international football , and is governed by the Salvadoran Football Federation ( FESFUT ) . In 1899 , two teams from Santa Ana and San Salvador met for the first known football game in El Salvador . The national team 's first match was played in September 1921 , when they were invited to participate in a tournament to celebrate 100 years of Central American Independence . El Salvador has made two FIFA World Cup appearances : first in 1970 and again in 1982 , but have never progressed beyond the first stage of a finals tournament . They were the 1943 CCCF champions , and finished in second-place in the 1941 and 1961 championships . They have competed in the CONCACAF regional tournaments fourteen times , finishing as runners-up in 1963 and 1981 . La Selecta also competes in the biennial UNCAF Nations Cup , the Pan American Games , the Olympics , and have won two gold medals in the Central American and Caribbean Games . The Estadio Cuscatlán , also known as El Coloso de Montserrat and La Catedral del Espectáculo , is the official home stadium of the El Salvador national football team . Since 2008 , the national team has had a kit sponsorship contract with England-based supplier Mitre . Raúl Díaz Arce is the all-time top-scorer for the national team , with 39 goals , while Alfredo Pacheco has the most caps , with 85 appearances ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M. González vs Mexico straight red card L. Anaya vs Panama second yellow card', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marvin_González', 'summary': 'Marvin René González Leiva ( born April 17 , 1982 in El Refugio ) is a Salvadoran footballer who last played as a defender for Santa Tecla in the Salvadoran First Division .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Mexico national football team ( Spanish : Selección de fútbol de México ) represents Mexico in international football and is governed by the Mexican Football Federation ( Spanish : Federación Mexicana de Fútbol ) . It competes as a member of CONCACAF , which encompasses the countries of North and Central America , and the Caribbean . The team plays its home games at the Estadio Azteca . Mexico has qualified to sixteen World Cups and has qualified consecutively since 1994 , making it one of six countries to do so . The Mexico national team , along with Brazil are the only two nations to make it out of the group stage over the last seven World Cups . Mexico played France in the very first match of the first World Cup on 13 July 1930 . Mexico 's best progression in World Cups has been reaching the quarter-finals in both the 1970 and 1986 World Cups , both of which were staged on Mexican soil . Mexico is historically the most successful national team in the CONCACAF region , having won eleven confederation titles , including eight CONCACAF Gold Cups and three CONCACAF Championships ( the precursor to the Gold Cup ) , as well as three NAFC Championships , one North American Nations Cup , and one CONCACAF Cup . It is one of eight nations [ a ] to have won two of the three most important football tournaments ( the World Cup , Confederations Cup , and Summer Olympics ) , having won the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2012 Summer Olympics . Mexico is also the only team from CONCACAF to have won an official FIFA competition , winning the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup . Although Mexico is under the jurisdiction of CONCACAF , the national team has been regularly invited to compete in the Copa América from 1993 to 2016 , finishing runner-up twice - in 1993 and 2001 - and obtaining the third-place medal on three occasions ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Luis_Anaya', 'summary': 'Luis Alonso Anaya Merino ( Born May 19 , 1981 , in San José Guayabal , El Salvador ) is a former Salvadoran professional football player .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Panama_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Panama national football team ( Spanish : Selección de fútbol de Panamá ) represents Panama in men 's international association football and it 's governed by Panamanian Football Federation , The team represents all three FIFA , CONCACAF and the regional UNCAF . Panama qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time for the 2018 tournament in Russia and scored their first goal of the World Cup against England , although they lost the match 6-1 . Panama finished as runners-up in the 2005 Gold Cup and 2013 Gold Cup , losing to the United States on both occasions . Panama has also competed in the sub-regional Central American Cup championship which they won in 2009 , beating Costa Rica in the final ( 0-0 on full-time , 5-3 on penalties ) . They finished in third place on three occasions ( 1993 , 2011 , 2014 ) , and finished as runners-up in the 2017 edition , which they hosted . The national team is nicknamed Los Canaleros ( The Canal Men ) , in reference to the Panama Canal ."}]}, {'value': 'professional foul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M. González vs Costa Rica L. Anaya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Costa_Rica_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Costa Rica national football team ( Spanish : Selección de fútbol de Costa Rica ) represents Costa Rica in international football . The national team is administered by the Costa Rican Football Federation ( FEDEFUTBOL ) , the governing body for football in Costa Rica . It has been a member of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) since 1927 , the Confederation of North , Central American and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF ) since 1961 , and a member of the Central American Football Union ( UNCAF ) since 1990 . Costa Rica is the most successful national football team in history from the region of Central America . Winning three CONCACAF Championships ( 1963 , 1969 , 1989 ) and leading the Copa Centroamericana tournament with three championships up until 2017 , when it was absorbed into the CONCACAF Nations League . Costa Rica is the only national team in Central America to have played in five FIFA World Cup editions . Costa Rica 's national football team has the all-time highest average Football Elo Ranking in Central America with 1597.1 , and the all-time highest Football Elo Ranking in Central America , with 1806 in 2014 . Since the late 1980s , the team has continuously been visible as a solidly competitive side , with a prominent performance in the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy , making it to the knockout stage in their debut after finishing second in their group during the first phase , below Brazil . They also managed to qualify for the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cups . In 2014 , Costa Rica achieved their best performance in history by finishing first in their group that consisted of three former World Cup champions : Uruguay , Italy , and England . During the Round of 16 they defeated Greece 5-3 via a penalty shootout after a 1-1 draw . Moreover , during the match against a much better team , Navas saved more than 15 shots due to the Costa Rican very weak defense ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/United_States_men's_national_soccer_team", 'summary': "The United States men 's national soccer team ( USMNT ) represents the USA in men 's international soccer competitions . The team is controlled by the United States Soccer Federation and is a member of FIFA and Confederation of North , Central American and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF ) . The team has appeared in ten FIFA World Cups , including the first in 1930 , where they reached the semi-finals and are officially credited with third place , the best finish by any countries from outside the UEFA and CONMEBOL in the World Cup . After participating again in 1934 and 1950 , the U.S. did not qualify for another World Cup until 1990 . After hosting the 1994 World Cup , the team qualified for five more consecutive World Cups after 1994 , becoming one of the tournament 's regular competitors and often advancing to the knockout stage . The U.S. reached the quarter-finals of the 2002 World Cup , their best finish in the modern era . The United States ' best appearance in a FIFA men 's senior tournament came in the 2009 Confederations Cup , where they eliminated top-ranked Spain in the semi-finals before losing to Brazil in the final . The team failed to qualify for the 2018 World Cup , ending their streak of consecutive World Cups at seven . The U.S. will co-host the 2026 FIFA World Cup along with Canada and Mexico . The U.S. also competes in continental tournaments , including the CONCACAF Gold Cup and Copa América . The U.S. has won six Gold Cups and has achieved a fourth-place finish in two Copa Américas , including the 2016 edition . The team 's head coach is Gregg Berhalter and the general manager is Earnie Stewart ."}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'C. Bocanegra vs Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Bocanegra', 'summary': 'Carlos Manuel Bocanegra ( born May 25 , 1979 ) is an American sports executive and former professional soccer player . A two-time MLS Defender of the Year , Bocanegra also played professionally in England , Scotland , France , and Spain . He earned over 100 caps with the United States , serving as captain for six years . He is currently serving as technical director and vice president for Atlanta United .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Mexico national football team ( Spanish : Selección de fútbol de México ) represents Mexico in international football and is governed by the Mexican Football Federation ( Spanish : Federación Mexicana de Fútbol ) . It competes as a member of CONCACAF , which encompasses the countries of North and Central America , and the Caribbean . The team plays its home games at the Estadio Azteca . Mexico has qualified to sixteen World Cups and has qualified consecutively since 1994 , making it one of six countries to do so . The Mexico national team , along with Brazil are the only two nations to make it out of the group stage over the last seven World Cups . Mexico played France in the very first match of the first World Cup on 13 July 1930 . Mexico 's best progression in World Cups has been reaching the quarter-finals in both the 1970 and 1986 World Cups , both of which were staged on Mexican soil . Mexico is historically the most successful national team in the CONCACAF region , having won eleven confederation titles , including eight CONCACAF Gold Cups and three CONCACAF Championships ( the precursor to the Gold Cup ) , as well as three NAFC Championships , one North American Nations Cup , and one CONCACAF Cup . It is one of eight nations [ a ] to have won two of the three most important football tournaments ( the World Cup , Confederations Cup , and Summer Olympics ) , having won the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2012 Summer Olympics . Mexico is also the only team from CONCACAF to have won an official FIFA competition , winning the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup . Although Mexico is under the jurisdiction of CONCACAF , the national team has been regularly invited to compete in the Copa América from 1993 to 2016 , finishing runner-up twice - in 1993 and 2001 - and obtaining the third-place medal on three occasions ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2011_CONCACAF_Gold_Cup_disciplinary_record_2', 'intro': "In the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup the main disciplinary action taken against players comes in the form of red and yellow cards. Any player picking up a red card is expelled from the pitch and automatically banned for his country's next match, whether via a straight red or second yellow. After a straight red card, FIFA will conduct a hearing and may extend this ban beyond one match. If the ban extends beyond the end of the finals (i.e. if a player is sent off in the match in which his team was eliminated), it must be served in the team's next competitive international match(es)."}	null	null	Which Guatemala red cards person is youngest ?	C. Noriega
09cdd0c870e8a14f	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Slovak_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film', 'title': 'List of Slovak submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film', 'header': ['Year ( Ceremony )', 'Film title used in nomination', 'Slovak title', 'Director', 'Result'], 'data': [{'value': '1993 ( 66th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1993_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 1993 in film involved many significant films , including the blockbuster hits Jurassic Park , The Fugitive and The Firm . ( For more about films in foreign languages , check sources in those languages . ) Walt Disney Studios celebrated its 70th anniversary in 1993 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/66th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 66th Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored films released in 1993 and took place on March 21 , 1994 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 23 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Jeff Margolis . Actress Whoopi Goldberg hosted the show for the first time . Nearly a month earlier in a ceremony held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California on February 26 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Laura Dern . Schindler 's List won seven awards , including Best Picture and Best Director for Steven Spielberg . Other winners included Jurassic Park and The Piano with three awards each , Philadelphia with two awards , and The Age of Innocence , Belle Epoque , Defending Our Lives , The Fugitive , I Am a Promise : The Children of Stanton Elementary School , Mrs. Doubtfire , Schwarzfahrer and The Wrong Trousers with one . The telecast was watched by more than 46 million viewers in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Everything I Like', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Everything_I_Like', 'summary': 'Everything I Like ( Slovak : Všetko čo mám rád ) is a 1993 Slovak drama film directed by Martin Šulík . The film was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 66th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'Všetko čo mám rád', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martin Šulík', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Šulík', 'summary': 'Martin Šulík ( born October 20 , 1962 in Žilina ) is a Slovak film director . He studied film directing at the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava from which he graduated in 1986 . His 2011 film Gypsy was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist . Martin Sulik is also an avid painter and has had his artwork shown in Bratislava Galleries .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994 ( 67th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_in_film', 'summary': 'This is a list of films released in 1994 . The top worldwide grosser was The Lion King , becoming the highest-grossing Walt Disney Feature Animation film of all-time , although it was slightly overtaken at the North American domestic box office by Forrest Gump , which won the Academy Award for Best Picture . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer celebrated its 70th Anniversary in 1994 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/67th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 67th Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) took place on March 27 , 1995 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as the Oscars ) in 23 categories honoring the films released in 1994 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gilbert Cates and directed by Jeff Margolis . Comedian David Letterman hosted the show for the first time . Three weeks earlier in a ceremony held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California on March 4 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Jamie Lee Curtis . Forrest Gump won six awards , including Best Picture . Other winners included Ed Wood , The Lion King , and Speed with two awards , and The Adventures of Priscilla , Queen of the Desert , Blue Sky , Bob 's Birthday , Bullets over Broadway , Burnt by the Sun , Franz Kafka 's It 's a Wonderful Life , Legends of the Fall , The Madness of King George , Maya Lin : A Strong Clear Vision , Pulp Fiction , A Time for Justice and Trevor with one . The telecast garnered more than 48 million viewers in the United States , making it the most watched Oscars telecast since the 55th Academy Awards in 1983 ."}]}, {'value': 'Angel of Mercy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angel_of_Mercy_(1993_film)', 'summary': 'Angel of Mercy ( Czech : Andel milosrdenství ) is a 1993 Slovak drama film directed by Miloslav Luther . The film was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 67th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'Anjel milosrdenstva', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miloslav Luther', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miloslav_Luther', 'summary': 'Miloslav Luther ( born 14 August 1945 ) is a Slovak film director and screenwriter . He was a member of the Federal board for broadcasting and retransmission of the Czechoslovak Federative Republic , a member of the Board of Slovak Television , vice-president of the Slovak Film and Television Academy and a pedagogue of directing at the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava . He is the head of the board of the Slovak Audiovisual Fund as well as a member of the Slovak Film Institute board .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995 ( 68th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_in_film', 'summary': "This is a list of films released in 1995 . The highly anticipated sequel Die Hard with a Vengeance was the year 's biggest box-office hit , and Braveheart won the Academy Award for Best Picture ."}, {'url': '/wiki/68th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 68th Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 1995 in the United States and took place on March 25 , 1996 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Quincy Jones and directed by Jeff Margolis . Actress Whoopi Goldberg hosted the show for the second time , having previously presided over the 66th ceremony in 1994 . Three weeks earlier , in a ceremony held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , on March 2 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Richard Dreyfuss . Braveheart won five awards , including Best Director for Mel Gibson and Best Picture . Other winners included Apollo 13 , Pocahontas , Restoration and The Usual Suspects with two awards , and Anne Frank Remembered , Antonia 's Line , Babe , A Close Shave , Dead Man Walking , Il Postino : The Postman , Leaving Las Vegas , Lieberman in Love , Mighty Aphrodite , One Survivor Remembers and Sense and Sensibility with one . The telecast garnered almost 45 million viewers in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'The Garden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Garden_(1995_film)', 'summary': "The Garden ( Slovak : Záhrada ) is a 1995 Slovak feature film in cooperation with French Artcam International and Czech InFilm Praha directed by Martin Šulík . The film is a poetic tale of Jakub , a man in his early 30s . It reflects the relationships and desires of Jakub in the idyllic surroundings of his grandfather 's garden . The Garden is one of the most recognised films of post communist Slovakia . It is especially popular in Slovakia and the Czech Republic . It won the Special Jury Prize at the 40th Karlovy Vary International Film Festival in 1995 , and several Czech Lions in 1996 . The film was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 68th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee ."}]}, {'value': 'Záhrada', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martin Šulík', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Šulík', 'summary': 'Martin Šulík ( born October 20 , 1962 in Žilina ) is a Slovak film director . He studied film directing at the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava from which he graduated in 1986 . His 2011 film Gypsy was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist . Martin Sulik is also an avid painter and has had his artwork shown in Bratislava Galleries .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997 ( 70th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1997_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 1997 in film involved many significant films , including Titanic , and the beginning of the film studio DreamWorks .'}, {'url': '/wiki/70th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 70th Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 23 , 1998 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST . During the show , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 1997 . The ceremony , which was televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the sixth time . He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 , and he had hosted the previous year 's gala . Nearly a month earlier in an event held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California on February 28 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Ashley Judd . Titanic won a record-tying eleven awards including Best Director for James Cameron and Best Picture . Other winners included As Good as It Gets , Good Will Hunting and L.A . Confidential with two awards , and The Full Monty , Geri 's Game , Karakter , The Long Way Home , Visas and Virtue , Men in Black and A Story of Healing with one . The telecast garnered more than 57 million viewers in the United States , making it the most watched Oscars broadcast in history ."}]}, {'value': 'Orbis Pictus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orbis_Pictus_(film)', 'summary': 'Orbis Pictus is a 1997 Slovak film , starring Dorota Nvotová , Marián Labuda , Božidara Turzonovová , Július Satinský , Emília Vášáryová and František Kovár . The film , directed by Martin Šulík , won Special Award of the Jury at the International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg in Baden-Württemberg , Germany as the Best Film in 1997 . The film was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 70th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'Orbis Pictus', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martin Šulík', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Šulík', 'summary': 'Martin Šulík ( born October 20 , 1962 in Žilina ) is a Slovak film director . He studied film directing at the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava from which he graduated in 1986 . His 2011 film Gypsy was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist . Martin Sulik is also an avid painter and has had his artwork shown in Bratislava Galleries .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998 ( 71st )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_in_film', 'summary': "The year 1998 in film involved many significant films including ; Shakespeare in Love ( which won the Academy Award for Best Picture ) , Saving Private Ryan , American History X , The Truman Show , Primary Colors , Rushmore , Rush Hour , There 's Something About Mary , The Big Lebowski , and Terrence Malick 's directorial return in The Thin Red Line . Animated releases included Antz , A Bug 's Life , Mulan , The Prince of Egypt and The Rugrats Movie . Warner Bros. Pictures celebrated its 75th anniversary in 1998 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/71st_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 71st Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best of 1998 in film and took place on March 21 , 1999 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actress Whoopi Goldberg hosted the show for the third time . She first hosted the 66th ceremony held in 1994 and had last hosted the 68th ceremony in 1996 . Nearly a month earlier in a ceremony held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California on February 27 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Anne Heche . Shakespeare in Love won seven awards including Best Picture . Other winners included Saving Private Ryan with five awards , Life Is Beautiful with three , and Affliction , Bunny , Election Night , Elizabeth , Gods and Monsters , The Last Days , The Personals , The Prince of Egypt and What Dreams May Come with one . The telecast garnered nearly 46 million viewers in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Rivers of Babylon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rivers_of_Babylon_(film)', 'summary': 'Rivers of Babylon is a 1998 Slovak comedy film directed by Vlado Balco . The film was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 71st Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .'}]}, {'value': 'Rivers of Babylon', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vladimír Balco', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999 ( 72nd )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1999_in_film', 'summary': "The year 1999 in film included Stanley Kubrick 's final film Eyes Wide Shut , Pedro Almodóvar 's first Oscar-winning film All About My Mother , the science-fiction hit The Matrix , the Deep Canvas-pioneering Disney animated feature Tarzan and Best Picture-winner American Beauty and the well-received The Green Mile , as well as the animated works Toy Story 2 , Stuart Little , The Iron Giant and South Park : Bigger , Longer & Uncut . Other noteworthy releases included Spike Jonze and Charlie Kaufman 's breakout film Being John Malkovich and M. Night Shyamalan 's breakout film The Sixth Sense , the controversial Fight Club and Paul Thomas Anderson 's Magnolia . The year also featured George Lucas ' top-grossing Star Wars : Episode I - The Phantom Menace . Columbia Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer celebrated their 75th anniversaries in 1999 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/72nd_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 72nd Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored films released in 1999 and took place on March 26 , 2000 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles , beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , the AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 23 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by husband-and-wife producing team Richard and Lili Fini Zanuck and was directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the seventh time . He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 70th ceremony held in 1998 . Three weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on March 4 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Salma Hayek . American Beauty won five awards , including Best Picture . Other winners included The Matrix with four awards , The Cider House Rules and Topsy-Turvy with two , and All About My Mother , Boys Do n't Cry , Girl , Interrupted , King Gimp , My Mother Dreams the Satan 's Disciples in New York , The Old Man and the Sea , One Day in September , The Red Violin , Sleepy Hollow , and Tarzan with one . The telecast garnered almost 47 million viewers in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'All My Loved Ones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/All_My_Loved_Ones', 'summary': "All My Loved Ones ( Czech : Všichni moji blízcí ) is a 1999 Czech-language film directed by Matej Mináč . It was an international co-production between Poland , the Czech Republic and Slovakia . It was Slovakia 's official Best Foreign Language Film submission at the 72nd Academy Awards , but did not manage to receive a nomination ."}]}, {'value': 'Všichni moji blízcí', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matej Mináč', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matej_Mináč', 'summary': "Matej Mináč ( born 1 April 1961 ) is a Slovak film director . He has directed three films about Nicholas Winton , a Briton who organised the rescue of 669 Jewish children from German-occupied Czechoslovakia on the eve of World War II in an operation later known as the Czech Kindertransport : the drama All My Loved Ones ( 1999 ) , the documentary The Power of Good : Nicholas Winton ( 2002 ) , which won an Emmy Award , and the documentary Nicky 's Family ( 2011 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000 ( 73rd )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 2000 in film involved some significant events . The top grosser worldwide was Mission : Impossible 2 . Domestically in North America , Gladiator won the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Actor ( Russell Crowe ) . Dinosaur was the most expensive film of 2000 and a box-office success .'}, {'url': '/wiki/73rd_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 73rd Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best of 2000 in film and took place on March 25 , 2001 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles , beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 23 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and was directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Steve Martin hosted the show for the first time . Three weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on March 3 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Renée Zellweger . Gladiator won five awards including Best Picture . Other winners included Crouching Tiger , Hidden Dragon and Traffic with four awards , and Almost Famous , Big Mama , Erin Brockovich , Father and Daughter , How the Grinch Stole Christmas , Into the Arms of Strangers : Stories of the Kindertransport , Pollock , Quiero ser ( I want to be . ) , U-571 , and Wonder Boys with one . The telecast garnered almost 43 million viewers in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Landscape', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Landscape_(film)', 'summary': "Landscape ( Slovak : Krajinka ) is a 2000 Slovak film directed by Martin Šulík . It was Slovakia 's submission to the 73rd Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but was not accepted as a nominee . Its film score , by Vladimír Godár , won the Georges Delerue Award at the Film Fest Gent festival in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': 'Krajinka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martin Šulík', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Šulík', 'summary': 'Martin Šulík ( born October 20 , 1962 in Žilina ) is a Slovak film director . He studied film directing at the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava from which he graduated in 1986 . His 2011 film Gypsy was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist . Martin Sulik is also an avid painter and has had his artwork shown in Bratislava Galleries .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002 ( 75th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 2002 in film involved some significant events .'}, {'url': '/wiki/75th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 75th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) took place on March 23 , 2003 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2002 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and was directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Steve Martin hosted for the second time , having previously presided over the 73rd ceremony held in 2001 . Three weeks earlier in a ceremony at Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on March 1 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Kate Hudson . Chicago won six awards including Best Picture . Other winners included The Pianist with three awards , Frida and The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers with two , and Adaptation , Bowling for Columbine , The ChubbChubbs ! , 8 Mile , The Hours , Nowhere in Africa , Road to Perdition , Spirited Away , Talk to Her , This Charming Man , and Twin Towers with one . The telecast garnered about 33 million viewers in the United States , making it the least-watched and lowest-rated televised Oscar ceremony to that point .'}]}, {'value': 'Cruel Joys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cruel_Joys', 'summary': 'Kruté radosti ( Cruel Joys ) is a 2002 Slovak-Czech comedy , starring Tatiana Pauhofová . The film directed by Juraj Nvota received several awards . Amongst others , at Art Film Fest , Festival of Slovak Film Cran-Gevrier , while Ondřej Vetchý earned an award as the Best Male Actor at the IFF Faces of Love in Moscow , Russia .'}]}, {'value': 'Kruté radosti', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Juraj Nvota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juraj_Nvota', 'summary': 'Juraj Nvota ( born 1 March 1954 ) is a Slovak actor and film director .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003 ( 76th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 2003 in film involved some significant events .'}, {'url': '/wiki/76th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 76th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2003 and took place on February 29 , 2004 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Joe Roth and was directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Billy Crystal hosted for the eighth time . He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 72nd ceremony held in 2000 . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Ritz-Carlton Huntington Hotel & Spa in Pasadena , California held on February 14 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Jennifer Garner . The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King won all eleven awards it was nominated for , tying the Academy Awards record for most awards won ( alongside Ben-Hur and Titanic ) , including Best Director for Peter Jackson and Best Picture . Other winners included Master and Commander : The Far Side of the World and Mystic River with two awards and The Barbarian Invasions , Chernobyl Heart , Cold Mountain , Finding Nemo , The Fog of War , Harvie Krumpet , Lost in Translation , Monster and Two Soldiers with one . The telecast garnered nearly 44 million viewers in North America the United States , making it the most-watched telecast in four years .'}]}, {'value': 'King of Thieves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/King_of_Thieves_(2004_film)', 'summary': 'King of Thieves is a 2004 German movie directed by Ivan Fíla , starring Lazar Ristovski , Jakov Kultiasov , Katharina Thalbach , Paulus Manker , Birol Ünel and Werner Daehn .'}]}, {'value': 'Král zlodejov', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ivan Fíla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ivan_Fíla', 'summary': 'Ivan Fíla , alternate name Ivan Fila , is a Czech film director , screenwriter and producer .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005 : ( 78th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2005_in_film', 'summary': '2005 in film is an overview of events , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies , festivals , a list of country-specific lists of films released , notable deaths and film debuts .'}, {'url': '/wiki/78th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 78th Academy Awards presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid a clash with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle & Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'The City of the Sun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_City_of_the_Sun_(film)', 'summary': "The City of the Sun ( Czech : Sluneční stát ) is a 2005 comedy film written and directed by Martin Šulík and starring Oldřich Navrátil and Ľuboš Kostelný . The film won the main prize at the 2005 Finále Plzeň Film Festival . At the 2006 ceremony for The Sun in a Net Awards , the film won in six categories . The film was Slovakia 's submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film for the 78th Academy Awards . The film won in two categories at the Czech Lion Awards , specifically for music and editing ."}]}, {'value': 'Slnečný štát', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martin Šulík', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Šulík', 'summary': 'Martin Šulík ( born October 20 , 1962 in Žilina ) is a Slovak film director . He studied film directing at the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava from which he graduated in 1986 . His 2011 film Gypsy was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist . Martin Sulik is also an avid painter and has had his artwork shown in Bratislava Galleries .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007 ( 80th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_in_film', 'summary': "The following is an overview of events in 2007 in film , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies and festivals , a list of films released and notable deaths . The highest-grossing film of the year was Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End , which was just ahead of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix . 2007 is often considered one of the greatest years for film in the 21st century . As of 2019 , this was the last year in which no film grossed at least $ 1 billion at the worldwide box office ."}, {'url': '/wiki/80th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 80th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2007 and took place on February 24 , 2008 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J , Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the second time , having previously presided over the 78th ceremony held in 2006 . Two weeks earlier in a gala at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on February 9 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Jessica Alba . No Country for Old Men won the most awards of the ceremony with four including Best Picture . Other winners included The Bourne Ultimatum with three awards , La Vie en Rose ( La môme ) and There Will Be Blood with two awards , and Atonement , The Counterfeiters , Elizabeth : The Golden Age , Freeheld , The Golden Compass , Juno , Michael Clayton , The Mozart of Pickpockets , Once , Peter & the Wolf , Ratatouille , Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street , and Taxi to the Dark Side with one . The telecast garnered 31 million viewers , making it the least watched Oscar broadcast since 1974 , when Nielsen began keeping records of viewership .'}]}, {'value': 'Return of the Storks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Return_of_the_Storks', 'summary': "Return of the Storks ( Slovak : Návrat bocianov ) is a 2007 Slovak film directed by Martin Repka . It was Slovakia 's submission to the 80th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but was not accepted as a nominee ."}]}, {'value': 'Návrat bocianov', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martin Repka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008 ( 81st )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 2008 involved many major movie events . Its highest-grossing films included The Dark Knight , Kung Fu Panda , WALL-E and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull .'}, {'url': '/wiki/81st_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 81st Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2008 and took place on February 22 , 2009 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and was produced by Bill Condon and Laurence Mark and directed by Roger Goodman . Actor Hugh Jackman hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on February 7 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Jessica Biel . Slumdog Millionaire won eight awards , the most of the evening , including Best Picture and Best Director for Danny Boyle . Other winners were The Curious Case of Benjamin Button with three awards , The Dark Knight and Milk with two awards , and Departures , The Duchess , La Maison en Petits Cubes , Man on Wire , The Reader , Smile Pinki , Toyland , Vicky Cristina Barcelona , and WALL-E with one . The telecast garnered almost 37 million viewers in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Blind Loves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blind_Loves', 'summary': "Blind Loves ( Slovak : Slepe lásky ) is a 2008 Slovak film directed by Juraj Lehotský . It was Slovakia 's official submission for the 2009 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film ."}]}, {'value': 'Slepe lásky', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Juraj Lehotský', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009 ( 82nd )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_in_film', 'summary': 'The year 2009 saw the release of many films . Seven made the top 50 list of highest-grossing films . Also in 2009 , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that as of that year , their Best Picture category would consist of ten nominees , rather than five ( the first time since the 1943 awards ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/82nd_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 82nd Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2009 and took place on March 7 , 2010 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . The ceremony was scheduled after its usual late-February date to avoid conflicting with the 2010 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and was produced by Bill Mechanic and Adam Shankman and directed by Hamish Hamilton . Actors Alec Baldwin and Steve Martin hosted the show . Martin hosted for the third time ; he first presided over the 73rd ceremony held in 2001 and last hosted the 75th ceremony held in 2003 . Meanwhile , this was Baldwin 's first Oscars hosting stint . This was also the first telecast to have multiple hosts since the 59th ceremony held in 1987 . On June 24 , 2009 , Academy president Sid Ganis announced at a press conference that , in an attempt to revitalize interest surrounding the awards , the 2010 ceremony would feature ten Best Picture nominees instead of five , a practice that was discontinued after the 16th ceremony in 1944 . On February 20 , 2010 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Elizabeth Banks . The Hurt Locker won six awards , including Best Picture and Best Director for Kathryn Bigelow , the first woman to win an Academy Award for Best Director . Other winners were Avatar with three awards , Crazy Heart , Precious : Based on the Novel 'Push ' by Sapphire , and Up , with two awards , and The Cove , Inglourious Basterds , The Blind Side , Logorama , Music by Prudence , The New Tenants , The Secret in Their Eyes , Star Trek , and The Young Victoria with one ."}]}, {'value': 'Broken Promise', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broken_Promise', 'summary': "Broken Promise ( Slovak : Nedodržaný sľub ) is a 2009 drama film directed by Jiří Chlumský and starring Samuel Spišák [ sk ] , Ondřej Vetchý and Zuzana Porubjaková [ sk ] . The film was Slovakia 's submission to the 82nd Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . The film won the main prize at the 2009 Los Angeles Jewish Film Festival . Broken Promise received nine nominations at the 2010 Sun in a Net Awards , but succeeded in winning just one , awarded to Michal Novinski for the film 's music ."}]}, {'value': 'Nedodržaný sľub', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jiří Chlumský', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jiří_Chlumský', 'summary': "Jiří Chlumský ( born 4 July 1958 ) is a Czech director . His 2009 film Broken Promise was Slovakia 's submission to the 82nd Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Chlumský is married to Slovak actress Anna Šišková ."}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010 ( 83rd )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_in_film', 'summary': 'In the year 2010 , there was a dramatic increase and prominence in the use of 3D-technology in filmmaking after the success of Avatar in the format , with releases such as Alice in Wonderland , Clash of the Titans , Jackass 3D , all animated films , with numerous other titles being released in 3D formats . 20th Century Fox celebrated its 75th anniversary in 2010 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/83rd_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 83rd Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2010 in the United States and took place on February 27 , 2011 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST ( 8:30 p.m. EST ) . During the ceremony , Academy Awards ( commonly called the Oscars ) were presented in 24 competitive categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Bruce Cohen and Don Mischer , with Mischer also serving as director . Actors James Franco and Anne Hathaway co-hosted the ceremony , marking the first time for each . In related events , the Academy held its second annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 13 , 2010 . On February 12 , 2011 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Marisa Tomei . Inception and The King 's Speech won four awards each with the latter film winning Best Picture . Other winners included The Social Network with three awards , Alice in Wonderland , The Fighter , and Toy Story 3 , with two awards , and Black Swan , God of Love , In a Better World , Inside Job , The Lost Thing , Strangers No More , and The Wolfman with one . The telecast garnered almost 38 million viewers in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'The Border', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Border_(2009_film)', 'summary': 'The Border ( Slovak : Hranica ) is a 2009 Slovak documentary film directed by Jaroslav Vojtek . The film was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 83rd Academy Awards but did not make the final shortlist .'}]}, {'value': 'Hranica', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jaroslav Vojtek', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011 ( 84th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_in_film', 'summary': "The following is an overview of the events of 2011 in film , including the highest-grossing films , film festivals , award ceremonies and a list of films released and notable deaths . More film sequels were released in 2011 than any other year before it , with 28 sequels released . Film critic Scout Tafoya considers 2011 as the best year for cinema , countering the notion of 1939 being film 's best year overall and citing important developments in cinematic expression during 2011 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/84th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 84th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2011 in the United States and took place on February 26 , 2012 , at the Hollywood and Highland Center Theatre [ a ] in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Brian Grazer and Don Mischer , with Mischer also serving as director . Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the ninth time . He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 76th ceremony held in 2004 . On June 14 , 2011 , Academy president Tom Sherak announced at a press conference that , in an attempt to further revitalize interest surrounding the awards , the 2012 ceremony would feature between five and ten Best Picture nominees depending on voting results , as opposed to a set number of nominees . In related events , the Academy held its third annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 12 , 2011 . On February 11 , 2012 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Milla Jovovich . The Artist won five awards , including Best Actor for Jean Dujardin , Best Director for Michel Hazanavicius , and Best Picture , the first silent feature to win an Academy Award for Best Picture since 1927 's Wings , the inaugural winner in 1929 . Other winners included Hugo also with five awards , The Iron Lady with two awards , and Beginners , The Descendants , The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo , The Help , Midnight in Paris , The Muppets , Rango , Saving Face , A Separation , The Shore , and Undefeated with one . The telecast garnered more than 39 million viewers in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Gypsy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gypsy_(2011_film)', 'summary': 'Gypsy ( Slovak : Cigán ) is a 2011 Slovakian drama film directed by Martin Šulík . The film was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist .'}]}, {'value': 'Cigán', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martin Šulík', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Šulík', 'summary': 'Martin Šulík ( born October 20 , 1962 in Žilina ) is a Slovak film director . He studied film directing at the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava from which he graduated in 1986 . His 2011 film Gypsy was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist . Martin Sulik is also an avid painter and has had his artwork shown in Bratislava Galleries .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012 ( 85th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_in_film', 'summary': 'The following tables list films released in 2012 . Most notably , the two oldest surviving American film studios , Universal and Paramount both celebrated their centennial anniversaries , marking the first time that two major film studios celebrate 100 years , and the Dolby Atmos sound format was launched for the premiere of Brave . The James Bond film series celebrated its 50th anniversary and released its 23rd film , Skyfall . Six box-office blockbusters from previous years ( Beauty and the Beast , Star Wars : Episode I - The Phantom Menace , Titanic , Raiders of the Lost Ark , Finding Nemo , and Monsters , Inc. ) were re-released in 3D and IMAX . Also 2012 in film marked the debut for high frame rate technology . The first film using 48 fps , a higher frame rate than the film industry standard 24 fps , was The Hobbit : An Unexpected Journey .'}, {'url': '/wiki/85th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': "The 85th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2012 and took place on February 24 , 2013 , at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . The ceremony was the first in the Academy 's 85-year history to adopt the phrase The Oscars as the ceremony 's official name during the broadcast and marketing . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Craig Zadan and Neil Meron and directed by Don Mischer . Actor Seth MacFarlane hosted the show for the first time . In related events , the Academy held its 4th annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on December 1 , 2012 . On February 9 , 2013 , in a ceremony at The Beverly Hills Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hosts Chris Pine and Zoe Saldana . Life of Pi won four awards including Best Director for Ang Lee . Argo won three awards , including Best Picture , the fourth film to win an Academy Award for Best Picture without its director nominated . Other winners included Les Misérables also with three awards , Django Unchained , Lincoln , and Skyfall with two , and Amour , Anna Karenina , Brave , Curfew , Inocente , Paperman , Searching for Sugar Man , Silver Linings Playbook and Zero Dark Thirty with one . The telecast garnered more than 40 million viewers in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Made in Ash', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Made_in_Ash', 'summary': 'Made in Ash ( Slovak : Až do mesta Aš ) is a 2012 Slovak drama film directed by Iveta Grófová . The film was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards , but did not make the final shortlist .'}]}, {'value': 'Až do mesta Aš', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iveta Grófová', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iveta_Grófová', 'summary': "Iveta Grófová ( born 31 October 1980 ) is a Slovak film director . She studied at the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava ( VŠMU ) . Her directorial debut was the 2012 film Made in Ash , which was nominated as Slovakia 's submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Grófová 's second film , Piata loď , was screened at the 67th Berlin International Film Festival . It went on to be nominated in 10 categories at the 2018 Sun in a Net Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013 ( 86th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_in_film', 'summary': 'The following tables list films released in 2013 . Three popular films ( Top Gun , Jurassic Park , and The Wizard of Oz ) were re-released in 3D and IMAX .'}, {'url': '/wiki/86th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 86th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2013 and took place on March 2 , 2014 , at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . The ceremony was scheduled well after its usual late-February date to avoid conflicting with the 2014 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Neil Meron and Craig Zadan and directed by Hamish Hamilton . Actress Ellen DeGeneres hosted the show for the second time , having previously hosted the 79th ceremony held in 2007 . In related events , the Academy held its 5th annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 16 , 2013 . On February 15 , 2014 , in a ceremony at The Beverly Hills Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hosts Kristen Bell and Michael B. Jordan . 12 Years a Slave won three awards including Best Picture . Gravity won the most awards with seven including Best Director for Alfonso Cuarón . Other winners included Dallas Buyers Club also with three awards , Frozen , and The Great Gatsby with two , and Blue Jasmine , The Great Beauty , Helium , Her , The Lady in Number 6 , Mr Hublot , and 20 Feet from Stardom with one . The telecast garnered nearly 44 million viewers in the United States , making it the most watched Oscar ceremony since the 72nd Academy Awards in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': 'My Dog Killer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/My_Dog_Killer', 'summary': 'My Dog Killer ( Slovak : Môj pes Killer ) is a 2013 Slovak drama film written and directed by Mira Fornay . The film was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards , but was not nominated .'}]}, {'value': 'Môj pes Killer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mira Fornay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mira_Fornay', 'summary': 'Mira Fornay , also known as Mira Fornayová ( born 8 May 1977 ) is a Slovak film director and screenwriter . Her film , My Dog Killer , won the main award at the 2013 International Film Festival Rotterdam . My Dog Killer won three awards at the 2014 Sun in a Net Awards including Best Film , Best Director and Best Screenplay .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014 ( 87th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_in_film', 'summary': 'The following is an overview of the events of 2014 in film , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies , festivals , and a list of films released and notable deaths .'}, {'url': '/wiki/87th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 87th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2014 and took place on February 22 , 2015 , at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , produced by Neil Meron and Craig Zadan and directed by Hamish Hamilton . Actor Neil Patrick Harris hosted the ceremony for the first time . In related events , the Academy held its 6th Annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 8 , 2014 . On February 7 , 2015 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hosts Margot Robbie and Miles Teller . Birdman or ( The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance ) and The Grand Budapest Hotel each won four awards , with the former film earning the Best Picture honor . Other winners include Whiplash with three and American Sniper , Big Hero 6 , Boyhood , Citizenfour , Crisis Hotline : Veterans Press 1 , Feast , Ida , The Imitation Game , Interstellar , The Phone Call , Selma , Still Alice , and The Theory of Everything with one . The telecast garnered more than 37 million viewers in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'A Step into the Dark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Step_into_the_Dark', 'summary': 'A Step into the Dark ( Slovak : Krok do tmy ) is a 2014 Slovak drama film directed by Miloslav Luther . It was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards , but was not nominated .'}]}, {'value': 'Krok do tmy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miloslav Luther', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miloslav_Luther', 'summary': 'Miloslav Luther ( born 14 August 1945 ) is a Slovak film director and screenwriter . He was a member of the Federal board for broadcasting and retransmission of the Czechoslovak Federative Republic , a member of the Board of Slovak Television , vice-president of the Slovak Film and Television Academy and a pedagogue of directing at the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava . He is the head of the board of the Slovak Audiovisual Fund as well as a member of the Slovak Film Institute board .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015 ( 88th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_in_film', 'summary': '2015 in film is an overview of events , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies , festivals , and a list of films released and notable deaths .'}, {'url': '/wiki/88th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 88th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2015 and took place on February 28 , 2016 , at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles , 5:30 p.m. PST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by David Hill and Reginald Hudlin and directed by Glenn Weiss . Actor Chris Rock hosted the show for the second time , having previously hosted the 77th ceremony held in 2005 . In related events , the Academy held its 7th Annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 14 , 2015 . On February 13 , 2016 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hosts Olivia Munn and Jason Segel . Spotlight won two awards including Best Picture , making it the first film since The Greatest Show On Earth to win Best Picture while only winning one other award and Mad Max : Fury Road won six awards , the most for the evening . The Revenant earned three awards including Best Director for Alejandro G. Iñárritu and Best Actor for Leonardo DiCaprio . Brie Larson won Best Actress for Room , while Mark Rylance and Alicia Vikander won supporting acting honors for Bridge of Spies and The Danish Girl , respectively . The telecast garnered 34.42 million viewers in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Goat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goat_(2015_film)', 'summary': 'Goat ( Slovak : Koza ) is a 2015 Slovak drama film directed by Ivan Ostrochovský . It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards but it was not nominated .'}]}, {'value': 'Koza', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ivan Ostrochovský', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016 ( 89th )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_in_film', 'summary': '2016 in film is an overview of events , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies , festivals , and a list of films released and deaths .'}, {'url': '/wiki/89th_Academy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 89th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2016 , and took place on February 26 , 2017 , at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California , at 5:30 p.m. PST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Michael De Luca and Jennifer Todd and directed by Glenn Weiss . Comedian Jimmy Kimmel hosted the ceremony for the first time . In related events , the Academy held its 8th Annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 12 , 2016 . On February 11 , 2017 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Scientific and Technical Awards were presented by hosts John Cho and Leslie Mann . In the main ceremony , Moonlight won three awards including Best Picture , after La La Land was mistakenly announced as the winner , as well as Best Supporting Actor for Mahershala Ali . La La Land won six awards , the most for the evening , out of its record-tying fourteen nominations , including Best Actress for Emma Stone and Best Director for Damien Chazelle . Hacksaw Ridge and Manchester by the Sea won two awards each with Casey Affleck winning Best Actor for the latter . Viola Davis won the Best Supporting Actress honor for Fences . The telecast was viewed by 33 million people in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Eva Nová', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eva_Nová', 'summary': 'Eva Nová is a 2015 Slovak drama film directed by Marko Škop . It was screened in the Discovery section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival where it won the FIPRESCI Prize . It was selected as the Slovak entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards but it was not nominated .'}]}, {'value': 'Eva Nová', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marko Škop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marko_Škop', 'summary': 'Marko Škop ( born 1974 in Prešov , Slovakia ) is a Slovak film director . He received degrees in journalism at Comenius University in Bratislava in 1996 and in film directing at the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava in 2001 . He gained his PhD in Mass Media from the Faculty of Philosophy at Comenius University in Bratislava in 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not Nominated', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Submissions', 'section_text': 'The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1956 . [ 6 ] The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Following this , they vote via secret ballot to determine the five nominees for the award . [ 3 ] Below is a list of the films that have been submitted by the Slovak Republic for review by the Academy for the award by the year of the submission and the respective Academy Award ceremony . Most films were at least partially in Slovak , although All My Loved Ones was primarily in Czech and Return of the Storks and King of Thieves had much of their dialogue in German .', 'uid': 'List_of_Slovak_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film_0', 'intro': 'Slovakia has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film[nb 1] since 1993. The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue. The Slovak submission is decided annually by the Slovak Film and Television Academy (Slovenská filmová a televízna akadémia). As of 2019[update], twenty-three Slovak films have been submitted for consideration, none of which have been nominated for an Oscar. Six of these have been directed by Martin Šulík. Until 1993, the Slovak Republic was a constituent republic within Czechoslovakia, and Czech and Slovaks routinely collaborated on national productions. The Shop on Main Street, which won the Best Foreign Film Oscar in 1966 for Czechoslovakia, was a Slovak-language production. It was also the first Czechoslovak film ever to be nominated for an Oscar.'}	null	null	Which funding organization is headed by the director of the Slovak film Angel of Mercy ?	Slovak Audiovisual Fund
09ce518d3297eff1	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boss_(TV_series)', 'title': 'Boss (TV series)', 'header': ['Country', 'Network ( s )', 'Series premiere', 'Timeslot'], 'data': [{'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Bravo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bravo_(Canada)', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': 'October 9 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wednesday 22.00', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'More4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/More4', 'summary': 'More4 is a British free-to-air television channel , owned by Channel Four Television Corporation . The channel launched on 10 October 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'March 21 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thursday 23.00', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': 'Rai Tre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rai_Tre', 'summary': 'Rai 3 ( until May 2010 known as Rai Tre ) is an Italian free-to-air television channel owned by State broadcaster RAI . It was launched on 15 December 1979 and its programming is centred towards cultural and regional programming . It has always been considered the most left-leaning channel of Italian public television .'}]}, {'value': 'October 4 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thursday 21.05', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norway', 'summary': "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ."}]}, {'value': 'VOX', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/VOX_(Norwegian_TV_channel)', 'summary': 'VOX is a Scandinavian television channel owned by Discovery Communications Nordic . The channel was launched in January 2012 and targets teens and adults up to 30 .'}]}, {'value': 'September 16 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunday 22.10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': 'SoHo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SoHo_(Australian_TV_channel)', 'summary': "SoHo was an Australian pay television channel . Originally launched a FX in 1995 and oriented towards classic programming , it was rebranded as W. and shifted its focus to women 's programming on 1 November 2003 . Later , on 20 August 2012 , it was again rebranded as SoHo and shifted its focus to drama television series . The channel closed down on 4 October 2016 , and was replaced by Binge ."}]}, {'value': 'July 4 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wednesday 21.30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweden', 'summary': 'Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .'}]}, {'value': 'SVT2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SVT2', 'summary': "SVT2 ( SVT Två ; usually referred to as Tvåan ) , is one of the two main television channels broadcast by Sveriges Television in Sweden . Launched in 1969 by Sveriges Radio , the channel was until the 1990s the most watched in Sweden for many years , but now serves as SVT 's specialist television network , carrying more highbrow and minority programming compared to the more mainstream SVT1 ."}]}, {'value': 'November 16 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Friday 22.15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': 'Canal+ 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canal+_1', 'summary': "Canal+ was a Spanish commercial television channel , launched in September 1990 on terrestrial television frequencies . The channel was operated by Telefónica and was available on the digital satellite television and IPTV platform Movistar+ . In 1997 , new channels using the Canal+ brand were launched in Spain . Just as on the other markets were Canal+ was present , the channels were named after colours : Canal+ Rojo ( Canal+ Red ) and Canal+ Azul ( Canal+ Blue ) . A special channel broadcasting content in 16:9 aspect ratio was launched later on , but it was replaced by a time-shift channel in 2001 . In 2003 , the colour channels were replaced with the 2nd channel called Canal+ 2 and three movies and sports channels . The major were effected from 21 July 2003 . In 2005 , the Spanish government agreed on a change in the license terms for the channel . The permission to change the channel from a mostly encrypted channel into a 24-hour free-to-air channel was officially given by the council of ministers on 29 July 2005 . From November 2005 , its analogue terrestrial frequencies were given to Sogecable 's new channel named Cuatro ( Four ) . A High-definition version of Canal+ ( Canal+ HD ) was on air . In 2010 , it became the first Spanish channel to offer 3D TV through Canal+ 3D ."}]}, {'value': 'December 8 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saturday 21.30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': 'Star World', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Star_World', 'summary': "Star World ( formerly Star Plus ) is an English language entertainment television channel originally launched in 1991 by Star TV in Hong Kong as Star Plus . In 1996 , the channel rebranded Star World in East and Southeast Asia , when it retained the Star Plus name in India and the Middle East . However , after Star ( subsequently acquired by News Corporation ) ended its partnership with Zee TV in July 2000 , Star Plus was transformed into a Hindi-language channel , with Star World was introduced in the region as an English entertainment replacement . The channel 's programming line-up mostly consists of entertainment television programmes from the United States , the United Kingdom and sometimes Australia to appeal to English-speaking locals as well as the expatriate population of South Asia , the Middle East and North Africa , Hong Kong , Taiwan , and Southeast Asia ."}]}, {'value': 'January 30 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saturday 09.30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indonesia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indonesia', 'summary': "Indonesia ( /ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ ( listen ) IN-də-NEE-zhə ) , officially the Republic of Indonesia ( Indonesian : Republik Indonesia [ reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia ] ( listen ) ) , [ a ] is a country in Southeast Asia , between the Indian and Pacific oceans . It is the world 's largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands , and at 1,904,569 square kilometres ( 735,358 square miles ) , the 14th largest by land area and 7th in the combined sea and land area . With over 267 million people , it is the world 's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country . Java , the world 's most populous island , is home to more than half of the country 's population . The country 's capital , Jakarta , is the second-most populous urban area in the world . The sovereign state is a presidential , constitutional republic with an elected legislature . It has 34 provinces , of which five have special status . The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea , East Timor , and the eastern part of Malaysia . Other neighbouring countries include Singapore , Vietnam , the Philippines , Australia , Palau , and India 's Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Despite its large population and densely populated regions , Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support a high level of biodiversity . The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas , coal , tin , copper , gold , and nickel , while agriculture mainly produces rice , palm oil , tea , coffee , cacao , medicinal plants , spices , and rubber . China , the United States , Japan , Singapore , and India are Indonesia 's major trading partners ."}]}, {'value': 'HBO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HBO_(Asia)', 'summary': 'HBO Asia is the Southeast Asian division of HBO . It was originally launched on 1 May 1992 as MovieVision , later rebranded on 1 April 1995 to its current name after being purchased by Home Box Office Inc . The Singapore-based broadcast network offers a bouquet of channels and services with no advertisements- HBO , HBO Signature , HBO Family , HBO Hits , Cinemax and Red - as well as HBO Go and HBO on Demand . HBO Asia is also the exclusive distributor of BabyFirst in Asia .'}]}, {'value': 'January 2 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monday 22.00', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ) , also known as the Republic of Ireland ( Poblacht na hÉireann ) , is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland . The capital and largest city is Dublin , which is located on the eastern side of the island . Around a third of the country 's population of 4.9 million people resides in the greater Dublin area . The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland , a part of the United Kingdom . It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the Celtic Sea to the south , St George 's Channel to the south-east , and the Irish Sea to the east . It is a unitary , parliamentary republic . The legislature , the Oireachtas , consists of a lower house , Dáil Éireann , an upper house , Seanad Éireann , and an elected President ( Uachtarán ) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state , but with some important powers and duties . The head of government is the Taoiseach ( Prime Minister , literally 'Chief ' , a title not used in English ) , who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President ; the Taoiseach in turn appoints other government ministers . The state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty . It had the status of Dominion until 1937 when a new constitution was adopted , in which the state was named Ireland and effectively became a republic , with an elected non-executive president as head of state . It was officially declared a republic in 1949 , following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 . Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955 ."}]}, {'value': 'TG4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TG4', 'summary': 'TG4 ( Irish : TG Ceathair ; pronounced [ tʲeː ɟeː ˈcahəɾʲ ] or [ tiː d͡ʒiː ˈcahəɾʲ ] ) is an Irish language public service broadcaster . It launched on 31 October 1996 . TG4 is available free-to-air across Ireland and available online and through its on demand service TG4 Player . TG4 was formerly known as Teilifís na Gaeilge or TnaG , before a rebranding campaign in 1999 . TG4 was the third national station to be launched in Ireland , after RTÉ One in 1961 ( as Teilifís Éireann ) and RTÉ Two in 1978 . It was followed by a fourth channel , TV3 , in 1998 . The channel has 650,000 viewers who tune into the channel each day to view a broad programming policy . It has been reported to have a share of 2% of the national television market in the Republic of Ireland and 3% of the national television market in Northern Ireland . The daily Irish-language programme schedule is its core service : seven hours of programming in Irish supported by a wide range of material in other languages , mostly English . TG4 launched its high-definition channel ( TG4 HD ) in 2012 on Virgin Media Ireland .'}]}, {'value': 'January 2 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monday 23.00', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'FOX', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fox_Channel_(Germany)', 'summary': 'Fox is a German pay television channel dedicated to television drama series . It heavily features American and British drama series .'}]}, {'value': 'March 18 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monday 20.15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'Canvas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canvas_(Belgium)', 'summary': "Canvas is a Belgian television channel , which forms part of the Flemish public broadcasting organisation Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie ( VRT ) . Specialising in both original and adaptations from western Europe and North America , the channel offers : in-depth news and current affairs , non-mainstream entertainment , documentaries , arthouse films , other cultural programming , and most recently additional children 's programming . The channel , launched in December 1997 , is part of VRT 's second network ( VRT 2 ) , which also carries occasional sports programming under the Sporza branding . The current network controller of VRT 2 is Bart De Poot . Until 2012 , Canvas used to share with the children 's channel Ketnet between 7 am and 8 pm ; Ketnet has thus moved to its own channel and Canvas became a standalone channel . Prior to the launch of OP12 , Canvas broadcast from 8pm until around midnight to 1 am each evening . Since October 27 , 2018 , Ketnet Junior began airing on this channel every afternoon between 2 and 7 pm ( Sunday until 6 pm ) , along with morning broadcasts on Ketnet . This marked the return of children 's programming that was originally on the second VRT channel after a six-year absence . Now Canvas begins its broadcasts between 2 pm and ends between 11:45 pm or 12:30 am , seven days a week ."}]}, {'value': 'April 7 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monday 23.05', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamaica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamaica', 'summary': "Jamaica ( /dʒəˈmeɪkə/ ( listen ) ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea . Spanning 10,990 square kilometres ( 4,240 sq mi ) in area , it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean ( after Cuba and Hispaniola ) . Jamaica lies about 145 kilometres ( 90 mi ) south of Cuba , and 191 kilometres ( 119 mi ) west of Hispaniola ( the island containing the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic ) ; the British Overseas Territory of the Cayman Islands lies some 215 kilometres ( 134 mi ) to the north-west . Originally inhabited by the indigenous Arawak and Taíno peoples , the island came under Spanish rule following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1494 . Many of the indigenous people were either killed or died of diseases to which they had no immunity , and the Spanish thus forcibly transplanted large numbers of African slaves to Jamaica as labourers . The island remained a possession of Spain until 1655 , when England ( later Great Britain ) conquered it , renaming it Jamaica . Under British colonial rule Jamaica became a leading sugar exporter , with a plantation economy dependent on the African slaves and later their descendants . The British fully emancipated all slaves in 1838 , and many freedmen chose to have subsistence farms rather than to work on plantations . Beginning in the 1840s , the British began utilising Chinese and Indian indentured labour to work on plantations . The island achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962 . With 2.9 million people , Jamaica is the third-most populous Anglophone country in the Americas ( after the United States and Canada ) , and the fourth-most populous country in the Caribbean . Kingston is the country 's capital and largest city ."}]}, {'value': 'CVM TV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 23 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thursday 21.00', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': 'Fox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fox_Latin_America', 'summary': 'Fox Channel ( formerly known as Fox ) is a Latin American pay television channel , launched on 14 August 1993 as the localised version of the American television network Fox . The channel is mainly oriented towards family audiences , unlike its sister channel FX . Though it is a Spanish-language channel , the shows are referred to by their original names ( except for The Simpsons ) . The channel took part in the worldwide premiere of The Walking Dead on November 1 , 2010 and the Zombie Invasion Event promotion that led up to it . After the final episode of the first season of The Walking Dead aired , Fox released the uncensored version of the first episode . In December 2010 , the channel started using the RTC ratings ( Radio , Televisión y Cinematografía ) in Mexico . In November 2012 , Fox including its sister channels were removed in various cable providers such as Cablevision Monterrey , and Cablemas due contract issues . The problem with Cablevision was fixed one day later .'}]}, {'value': 'October 10 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tuesday 21:00', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greece', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greece', 'summary': "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ."}]}, {'value': 'NERIT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NERIT', 'summary': "New Hellenic Radio , Internet and Television ( Greek : Νέα Ελληνική Ραδιοφωνία , Ίντερνετ και Τηλεόραση ) or NERIT ( ΝΕΡΙΤ ) was the state-owned public broadcaster for Greece from 4 May 2014 to 11 June 2015 . Antonis Samaras 's coalition government established NERIT to replace the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation ( ERT ) in 2013 : NERIT began broadcasting under their identity on 4 May 2014 , replacing the transitional service Dimosia Tileorasi . In 2015 , the government ( by then under Alexis Tsipras as Prime Minister ) restored ERT as Greece 's public broadcaster , and NERIT ceased broadcasting on 11 June 2015 ( at 6:00 EEST ) ."}]}, {'value': 'October 27 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monday , Tuesday 23.00', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portugal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portugal', 'summary': "Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers ."}]}, {'value': 'SIC Radical', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'February , 2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tuesday - Friday 23.50', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'International broadcasts', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Boss_(TV_series)_0', 'intro': "Boss is an American political drama television serial created by Farhad Safinia. The series stars Kelsey Grammer as Tom Kane, the mayor of Chicago, who has recently been diagnosed with dementia with Lewy bodies, a degenerative neurological disorder. The series was broadcast in the United States on the premium television service Starz and was produced by Category 5 Entertainment, Grammnet Productions and Lionsgate Television. On September 27, 2011, before the series premiered, Starz announced that Boss had been renewed for a second season of ten episodes. The first season premiered on October 21, 2011 and the second season premiered on August 17, 2012. On November 20, 2012, it was announced that Starz had cancelled the show. A film was discussed to finish the show's storylines, but those plans were cancelled after series creator Farhad Safinia declined to move forward with the project."}	null	null	What is the network whose country has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) ?	SVT2
09d227e717af4618	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Tovey', 'title': 'Russell Tovey', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role'], 'data': [{'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': "The Emperor 's New Clothes", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/The_Emperor's_New_Clothes_(2001_film)", 'summary': "The Emperor 's New Clothes is a 2001 British historical drama film that was adapted from Simon Leys ' novel The Death of Napoleon . Directed by Alan Taylor , the film stars Ian Holm as Napoleon ( his third performance as that person , after Napoleon and Love and Time Bandits ) and Eugene Lenormand , a Napoleon look-alike , Iben Hjejle as Nicole 'Pumpkin ' Truchaut and Tim McInnerny as Dr. Lambert . The plot re-invents the ( secret ) history surrounding Napoleon Bonaparte 's exile to St. Helena following his defeat at Waterloo . Although set in Paris , the film was mostly shot in Turin , Italy . In 2002 , it won the Audience Award for Best International Feature Film at the Florida Film Festival ."}]}, {'value': 'Recruit', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The History Boys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_History_Boys_(film)', 'summary': 'The History Boys is a 2006 British comedy-drama film adapted by Alan Bennett from his play of the same name , which won the 2005 Olivier Award for Best New Play and the 2006 Tony Award for Best Play . It was directed by Nicholas Hytner , who directed the original production at the Royal National Theatre in London , and features the original cast of the play . The school scenes were filmed in Watford in two schools , Watford Grammar School for Boys and Watford Grammar School for Girls . The film uses the uniform of Watford Boys . Locations in Elland and Halifax , West Yorkshire are used to create the broader landscape of Sheffield in which the story is set .'}]}, {'value': 'Peter Rudge', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'In Passing', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henry Travers', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grabbers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grabbers', 'summary': 'Grabbers is a 2012 British-Irish monster film directed by Jon Wright and written by Kevin Lehane . The film stars Richard Coyle , Ruth Bradley , Bronagh Gallagher and Russell Tovey among an ensemble cast of Irish actors .'}]}, {'value': 'Dr. Adam Smith', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Pirates ! In an Adventure with Scientists', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Pirates!_In_an_Adventure_with_Scientists_(film)', 'summary': "The Pirates ! In an Adventure with Scientists ! ( released in North America , Australia and New Zealand as The Pirates ! Band of Misfits ) is a 2012 British-American 3D stop-motion animated swashbuckler comedy film produced by Aardman Animations and Sony Pictures Animation as their second and final collaborative project . Directed by Peter Lord , the film is loosely based on The Pirates ! In an Adventure with Scientists , the first book from Gideon Defoe 's The Pirates ! series . It follows The Pirate Captain and his crew of amateur pirates in their attempt to win the Pirate of the Year competition . The film was distributed by Columbia Pictures and was released on 28 March 2012 in the United Kingdom , and on 27 April 2012 in the United States . The Pirates ! features the voices of Hugh Grant , Martin Freeman , Imelda Staunton , David Tennant , Jeremy Piven , Salma Hayek , Lenny Henry and Brian Blessed . The Pirates !"}]}, {'value': 'The Albino Pirate', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tower Block', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tower_Block_(film)', 'summary': "Tower Block is a British thriller film directed by James Nunn and Ronnie Thompson at their directorial debut , and written by James Moran . The film stars Sheridan Smith , Jack O'Connell , Ralph Brown , and Russell Tovey and entails residents of a block of flats targeted by an unseen sniper after witnessing the murder of a teenager . Tower Block was theatrically released in the United Kingdom on 21 September 2012 and was also the closing film at the 2012 FrightFest Film Festival ."}]}, {'value': 'Paul', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Effie Gray', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Effie_Gray_(film)', 'summary': "Effie Gray is a 2014 British biographical film written by Emma Thompson and directed by Richard Laxton , starring Dakota Fanning , Emma Thompson , Julie Walters , David Suchet , Derek Jacobi , James Fox , Robbie Coltrane , Claudia Cardinale , Greg Wise and Tom Sturridge . It is based on the true story of John Ruskin 's marriage to Euphemia Gray and the subsequent annulment of their marriage . Effie Gray was released worldwide by Universal Pictures in the United Kingdom on 10th of October 2014 and in America on 3rd of April 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'George', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Muppets Most Wanted', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muppets_Most_Wanted', 'summary': "Muppets Most Wanted is a 2014 American musical crime comedy film and the eighth theatrical film featuring the Muppets . Directed by James Bobin and written by Bobin and Nicholas Stoller , the film is a sequel to The Muppets ( 2011 ) and stars Ricky Gervais , Ty Burrell and Tina Fey , as well as Muppet performers Steve Whitmire , Eric Jacobson , Dave Goelz , Bill Barretta , David Rudman , Matt Vogel and Peter Linz . In the film , the Muppets become involved in an international crime caper while on a world tour in Europe . Aside from co-writer Jason Segel , the majority of the production team behind The Muppets returned for Muppets Most Wanted , including Bobin , Stoller and producers David Hoberman and Todd Lieberman . Bret McKenzie and Christophe Beck returned to compose the film 's songs and musical score , respectively . Principal photography commenced in January 2013 at Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire , England . Muppets Most Wanted had its world premiere at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on March 11 , 2014 , and was released theatrically in North America on March 21 , 2014 . The film grossed $ 80.4 million worldwide on a budget of $ 51 million . The film was dedicated to Muppet performer Jerry Nelson , who died during the film 's development , and Jane Henson , who died two months into production ."}]}, {'value': 'Delivery Man', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pride', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pride_(2014_film)', 'summary': "Pride is a 2014 British LGBT-related historical comedy-drama film written by Stephen Beresford and directed by Matthew Warchus . Based on a true story , the film depicts a group of lesbian and gay activists who raised money to help families affected by the British miners ' strike in 1984 , at the outset of what would become the Lesbians and Gays Support the Miners campaign . The alliance was unlike any seen before although ultimately unsuccessful . It was screened as part of the Directors ' Fortnight section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival , where it won the Queer Palm award . Writer Stephen Beresford said a stage musical adaptation involving director Matthew Warchus is being planned . The film was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy and for the BAFTA for Best British Film , Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Imelda Staunton and for Outstanding Debut by a British Writer , Director or Producer ."}]}, {'value': 'Tim', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moomins on the Riviera', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moomins_on_the_Riviera', 'summary': "Moomins on the Riviera ( Finnish title : Muumit Rivieralla ) is a 2014 Finnish-French animated family comedy film directed by Xavier Picard and produced by Hanna Hemilä , who is also co-director . The film is based on Moomin comic strips by Tove Jansson and Lars Jansson . The film is a co-production of Finnish Handle Productions , French Pictak Cie and Chinese Sandman Animation Studio . Written by Leslie Stewart , Annina Enckell , Hanna Hemilä , Xavier Picard and Beata Harju , the English version of the film stars Russell Tovey as Moomin , Nathaniel Parker as Moominpappa and Tracy Ann Oberman as Moominmamma . The film is based on the Moomin Tove Jansson 's original comic strip : Moomin on the Riviera and it is the first animated feature based on the comic strips . In the film , the Moomins along with Snorkmaiden and Little My sail for the Riviera , where their unity is threatened . Snorkmaiden is dazzled by the attentions of the playboy Clark Tresco and Moominpappa befriends an aristocrat called Marquis Mongaga , while Moomin and Moominmamma decide to move to the beach in order to escape all the glamorous extravagance . Moomins on the Riviera was released theatrically on 10 October 2014 in Finland to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Tove Jansson 's birth . In the United Kingdom , the film made its premiere on 11 October 2014 at BFI London Film Festival and it had a wider theatrical release on 22 May 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Moomintroll', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moomintroll', 'summary': 'A large number of characters appear in the Moomin series by Tove Jansson . The original Swedish names are given with the etymologies and word associations suggested by Yvonne Bertills in her 2003 dissertation .'}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stick Man', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stick_Man', 'summary': "Stick Man written by former Children 's Laureate , Julia Donaldson , and illustrated by Axel Scheffler is a children 's story about an anthropomorphic wooden stick who becomes separated from his family home and his Odyssey-like adventure to return there . He is eventually reunited with his family in the family tree as a result of his interaction with Father Christmas . It takes place in England . Stick Man has sold over 2 million copies worldwide and has been adapted into a short animated film and a successful stage play ."}]}, {'value': 'Dog', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Lady in the Van', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Lady_in_the_Van', 'summary': "The Lady in the Van is a 2015 British comedy-drama film directed by Nicholas Hytner , and starring Maggie Smith and Alex Jennings , based on the memoir of the same name created by Alan Bennett . It was written by Bennett , and it tells the ( mostly ) true story of his interactions with Mary Shepherd , an elderly woman who lived in a dilapidated van on his driveway in London for 15 years . He had previously published the story as a 1989 essay , 1990 book , 1999 stage play , and 2009 radio play on BBC Radio 4 . Smith had previously portrayed Shepherd twice : in the 1999 stage play , which earned her a Best Actress nomination at the 2000 Olivier Awards and in the 2009 radio adaptation . Hytner directed the 1999 stage play at the Queen 's Theatre in London . The film was shown in the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival and received largely positive reviews from critics ."}]}, {'value': 'Young Man with Earring', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Pass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Pass_(2016_film)', 'summary': 'The Pass is a 2016 film starring Russell Tovey and Arinze Kene . It was directed by Ben A. Williams , based on a play by John Donnelly . The film is about a homosexual relationship between two English football players , and how their lives unfold over the course of a decade . The film was nominated at the 2017 BAFTA Awards , in the category of Outstanding Debut by a British Writer , Director or Producer for John Donnelly ( writing ) and Ben Williams ( direction ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Jason', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mindhorn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mindhorn', 'summary': 'Mindhorn is a British 2016 independent comedy film directed by Sean Foley , written by Julian Barratt and Simon Farnaby , and produced by Steve Coogan and Ridley Scott . It stars Barratt , Farnaby , Essie Davis , Russell Tovey and Andrea Riseborough , with cameo appearances by Kenneth Branagh and Simon Callow as themselves . Barratt plays Richard Thorncroft , a faded television actor drawn into negotiations with a criminal who believes his character Detective Mindhorn is real .'}]}, {'value': 'Paul Melly', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Hippopotamus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Hippopotamus_(film)', 'summary': "The Hippopotamus is a 2017 British film , adapted from Stephen Fry 's 1994 novel of the same name . Filmed in 2015 under the direction of John Jenks , the film chronicles a poet who is summoned to his friend 's country manor to investigate a series of unexplained miracles ."}]}, {'value': 'Rupert Keynes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Good Liar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Good_Liar', 'summary': 'The Good Liar is a 2019 American crime thriller film directed and produced by Bill Condon and written by Jeffrey Hatcher , based on the novel of the same name by Nicholas Searle . It stars Ian McKellen as a career con artist who meets a wealthy widow ( Helen Mirren ) online , and then discovers that his plan to steal her fortune has unexpected roadblocks . The film was released in the United States on November 15 , 2019 . It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $ 33 million against a budget of $ 10 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Steven', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Night of the Lotus', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charlie', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Film', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Russell_Tovey_0', 'intro': "Russell George Tovey (born 14 November 1981) is an English actor. He is known for playing the role of werewolf George Sands in the BBC's supernatural drama Being Human, Rudge in both the stage and film versions of The History Boys, Steve in the BBC Three sitcom Him & Her, Kevin Matheson in the HBO original series Looking and its subsequent series finale television film Looking: The Movie, Titanic midshipman Alonso Frame in the Doctor Who episode Voyage of the Damned and as Henry Knight in BBC TV series Sherlock. He has also starred as Harry Doyle in the drama-thriller series Quantico on the ABC network."}	null	null	Who was the elderly woman who served as inspiration for the film in which Russell Tovey played Young Man with Earring in 2015 ?	Mary Shepherd
09d245698a824d41	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Historical_Landmarks_in_Santa_Cruz_County,_California', 'title': 'California Historical Landmarks in Santa Cruz County, California', 'header': ['', 'Landmark name', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '827', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Big Basin Redwoods State Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Basin_Redwoods_State_Park', 'summary': "Big Basin Redwoods State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of California , located in Santa Cruz County , about 36 km ( 22 mi ) northwest of Santa Cruz . The park contains almost all of the Waddell Creek watershed , which was formed by the seismic uplift of its rim , and the erosion of its center by the many streams in its bowl-shaped depression . Big Basin is California 's oldest State Park , established in 1902 , earning its designation as a California Historical Landmark . Its original 3,800 acres ( 15 km2 ) have been increased over the years to over 18,000 acres ( 73 km2 ) . It is part of the Northern California coastal forests ecoregion and is home to the largest continuous stand of ancient coast redwoods south of San Francisco . It contains 10,800 acres ( 44 km2 ) of old-growth forest as well as recovering redwood forest , with mixed conifer , oaks , chaparral and riparian habitats . Elevations in the park vary from sea level to over 600 m ( 2,000 ft ) . The climate ranges from foggy and damp near the ocean to sunny , warm ridge tops . The park has over 130 km ( 81 mi ) of trails . Some of these trails link Big Basin to Castle Rock State Park and the eastern reaches of the Santa Cruz range . The Skyline-to-the-Sea Trail threads its way through the park along Waddell Creek to Waddell Beach and the adjacent Theodore J. Hoover Natural Preserve , a freshwater marsh . The park has many waterfalls , a wide variety of environments ( from lush canyon bottoms to sparse chaparral-covered slopes ) , many animals ( deer , raccoons , an occasional bobcat ) and abundant bird life - including Steller 's jays , egrets , herons and acorn woodpeckers ."}]}, {'value': 'Big Basin Redwoods State Park 37°10′21″N 122°13′21″W / 37.1725°N 122.2225°W / 37.1725 ; -122.2225 ( Big Basin Redwoods State Park )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Basin_Redwoods_State_Park', 'summary': "Big Basin Redwoods State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of California , located in Santa Cruz County , about 36 km ( 22 mi ) northwest of Santa Cruz . The park contains almost all of the Waddell Creek watershed , which was formed by the seismic uplift of its rim , and the erosion of its center by the many streams in its bowl-shaped depression . Big Basin is California 's oldest State Park , established in 1902 , earning its designation as a California Historical Landmark . Its original 3,800 acres ( 15 km2 ) have been increased over the years to over 18,000 acres ( 73 km2 ) . It is part of the Northern California coastal forests ecoregion and is home to the largest continuous stand of ancient coast redwoods south of San Francisco . It contains 10,800 acres ( 44 km2 ) of old-growth forest as well as recovering redwood forest , with mixed conifer , oaks , chaparral and riparian habitats . Elevations in the park vary from sea level to over 600 m ( 2,000 ft ) . The climate ranges from foggy and damp near the ocean to sunny , warm ridge tops . The park has over 130 km ( 81 mi ) of trails . Some of these trails link Big Basin to Castle Rock State Park and the eastern reaches of the Santa Cruz range . The Skyline-to-the-Sea Trail threads its way through the park along Waddell Creek to Waddell Beach and the adjacent Theodore J. Hoover Natural Preserve , a freshwater marsh . The park has many waterfalls , a wide variety of environments ( from lush canyon bottoms to sparse chaparral-covered slopes ) , many animals ( deer , raccoons , an occasional bobcat ) and abundant bird life - including Steller 's jays , egrets , herons and acorn woodpeckers ."}]}, {'value': 'Boulder Creek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boulder_Creek,_California', 'summary': 'Boulder Creek is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Santa Cruz County , California , with a population of 4,923 as of the 2010 census . It is named for Boulder Creek . Boulder Creek served as the upper terminus of the San Lorenzo Valley Logging Flume terminating in Felton , which began construction in 1874 and when formally opened in October 1875 was augmented by a new rail line to transport logs to the wharf in Santa Cruz . In the 1880s , this lumber town which was called Lorenzo took the name of the Boulder Creek post office that had been established in the 1870s .'}]}, {'value': '998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castro Adobe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castro_Adobe', 'summary': 'The Rancho San Andrés Castro Adobe is a historic house in California .'}]}, {'value': '184 Old Adobe Rd . 36°56′45″N 121°48′40″W / 36.9458°N 121.811°W / 36.9458 ; -121.811 ( Castro Adobe )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Watsonville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Watsonville,_California', 'summary': 'Watsonville is a city in Santa Cruz County , California , United States . The population was 51,199 according to the 2010 census . Located on the central coast of California , the economy centers predominantly around farming and food processing . It is known for growing strawberries , apples , lettuce and a host of other vegetables . Watsonville is home to people of varied ethnic backgrounds . There is a large Hispanic population , as well as groups of Croatians , Filipinos , Portuguese , Sikhs , and Japanese who live and work in the city . The Pajaro Valley , where Watsonville is located , has a climate that is around 60 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit throughout much of the year . This climate makes Watsonville an attractive coastal environment for the neighboring inland communities with very hot summers . The Pajaro Valley Unified School District has an attendance of about 18,000 students kindergarten through 12th grades . There are several private religious-based schools in Watsonville such as Notre Dame School , Monte Vista Christian , Salesian Sisters , and St. Francis . There are also several charter schools and the non-religious independent Pre-K through 12th grade Mount Madonna School . These schools provide a wide range of educational options for local families .'}]}, {'value': '583', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Felton Covered Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Felton_Covered_Bridge', 'summary': 'The Felton Covered Bridge is a covered bridge over the San Lorenzo River in Felton , Santa Cruz County in the U.S. state of California . Built in 1892 , the bridge employs a Brown truss structural system and is approximately 80 feet long . The bridge became a California Historical Landmark in 1957 , was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 , and had a major restoration in 1987 after being damaged in storms in the winter of 1982 .'}]}, {'value': 'Covered Bridge Rd . and Graham Hill Rd . 37°03′03″N 122°04′15″W / 37.050797°N 122.070956°W / 37.050797 ; -122.070956 ( Felton Covered Bridge )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Felton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Felton,_California', 'summary': 'Felton is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Santa Cruz County , California , United States . The population was 4,057 as of 2010 census and according to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 4.6 square miles ( 12 km2 ) , all of it land .'}]}, {'value': '449', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glenwood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glenwood,_California', 'summary': 'Glenwood , California , is an unincorporated area of Santa Cruz County . It is located at coordinates 37°6′29″N 121°59′8″W / 37.10806°N 121.98556°W / 37.10806 ; -121.98556Coordinates : 37°6′29″N 121°59′8″W / 37.10806°N 121.98556°W / 37.10806 ; -121.98556 , and is 891 feet above sea level .'}]}, {'value': '4171 Glenwood Dr. 37°06′29″N 121°59′08″W / 37.108056°N 121.985556°W / 37.108056 ; -121.985556 ( Glenwood )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scotts Valley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotts_Valley,_California', 'summary': 'Scotts Valley is a small city in Santa Cruz County , California , United States , about thirty miles ( 48 km ) south of downtown San Jose and six miles ( 10 km ) north of the city of Santa Cruz , in the upland slope of the Santa Cruz Mountains . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 11,580 . Principal access to the city is supplied by State Route 17 that connects San Jose and Santa Cruz . The city was incorporated in 1966 . Scotts Valley is named for John Scott , who discovered gold at Scotts Bar .'}]}, {'value': '342', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mission Santa Cruz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mission_Santa_Cruz', 'summary': "Mission Santa Cruz ( La Misión de la Exaltación de la Santa Cruz , which translates as the Mission of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross ) was a Spanish mission founded by the Franciscan order in present-day Santa Cruz , California . The mission was founded in 1791 and named for the feast of the Exaltation of the Cross , adopting the name given to a nearby creek by the missionary priest Juan Crespi , who accompanied the explorer Gaspar de Portolá when he camped on the banks of the San Lorenzo River on October 17 , 1769 . As with the other California missions , Mission Santa Cruz served as a site for ecclesiastical conversion of natives , first the Amah Mutsun people , the original inhabitants of the region renamed the Ohlone by the Spaniards , and later the Yokuts from the east . The settlement was the site of the first autopsy in Alta California . The current Holy Cross Church was built on the site of the original mission church in 1889 , and it remains an active parish of the Diocese of Monterey . A section of stone foundation wall from one of the mission buildings and a few old headstones from the mission cemetery can be found directly behind the present Holy Cross Church . A reduced-scale replica chapel was built near the mission site in the 1930s and functions as a chapel of Holy Cross Church . Today 's Plaza Park occupies the same location as the original plaza , at the center of the former mission complex . The complex at one time included as many as 32 buildings . The only surviving mission building , a dormitory for native acolytes , has been restored to its original appearance and functions as a museum of the Santa Cruz Mission State Historic Park ."}]}, {'value': 'Plaza Park 36°58′39″N 122°01′43″W / 36.9775°N 122.028611°W / 36.9775 ; -122.028611 ( Mission Santa Cruz )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santa Cruz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California', 'summary': "Santa Cruz ( /ˈsæntə ˈkruːz/ ; Spanish for Holy Cross ) is the county seat and largest city of Santa Cruz County , California . As of 2018 the U.S. Census Bureau estimated Santa Cruz 's population at 64,725 . Situated on the northern edge of Monterey Bay , about 32 mi ( 51 km ) south of San Jose and 75 mi ( 120 km ) south of San Francisco , the city is part of the 12-county San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area . Santa Cruz is known for its moderate climate , natural environment , coastline , redwood forests , alternative community lifestyles , and socially liberal leanings . It is also home to the University of California , Santa Cruz , a premier research institution and educational hub , as well as the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk , an oceanfront amusement park operating continuously since 1907 . The present-day site of Santa Cruz was the location of Spanish settlement beginning in 1791 , including Mission Santa Cruz and the pueblo of Branciforte . The City of Santa Cruz was incorporated in 1866 and chartered in April 1876 . Important early industries included lumber , gunpowder , lime and agriculture . Late in the 19th century , Santa Cruz established itself as a beach resort community ."}]}, {'value': '983', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Beach_Boardwalk', 'summary': "The Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk is an oceanfront amusement park in Santa Cruz , California . Founded in 1907 , it is California 's oldest surviving amusement park and one of the few seaside parks on the West Coast of the United States ."}]}, {'value': '400 Beach St. 36°57′51″N 122°01′04″W / 36.964167°N 122.017778°W / 36.964167 ; -122.017778 ( Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santa Cruz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California', 'summary': "Santa Cruz ( /ˈsæntə ˈkruːz/ ; Spanish for Holy Cross ) is the county seat and largest city of Santa Cruz County , California . As of 2018 the U.S. Census Bureau estimated Santa Cruz 's population at 64,725 . Situated on the northern edge of Monterey Bay , about 32 mi ( 51 km ) south of San Jose and 75 mi ( 120 km ) south of San Francisco , the city is part of the 12-county San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area . Santa Cruz is known for its moderate climate , natural environment , coastline , redwood forests , alternative community lifestyles , and socially liberal leanings . It is also home to the University of California , Santa Cruz , a premier research institution and educational hub , as well as the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk , an oceanfront amusement park operating continuously since 1907 . The present-day site of Santa Cruz was the location of Spanish settlement beginning in 1791 , including Mission Santa Cruz and the pueblo of Branciforte . The City of Santa Cruz was incorporated in 1866 and chartered in April 1876 . Important early industries included lumber , gunpowder , lime and agriculture . Late in the 19th century , Santa Cruz established itself as a beach resort community ."}]}, {'value': '860', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Superintendent 's Office", 'urls': []}, {'value': "201 Monterey Ave. 36°58′22″N 121°57′02″W / 36.9729°N 121.9506°W / 36.9729 ; -121.9506 ( Superintendent 's Office )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Capitola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Capitola,_California', 'summary': 'Capitola is a city in Santa Cruz County , California , United States , on the coast of Monterey Bay . The population was 9,918 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '469', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Villa de Branciforte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Branciforte', 'summary': 'Branciforte , originally named Villa de Branciforte , was the last of only three secular pueblos founded by the Spanish colonial government of Alta California . The pueblo was established in 1797 on the eastern bluff of the San Lorenzo River , facing Mission Santa Cruz on the west side of the river . The pueblo never prospered , and the area was annexed into the city of Santa Cruz , California in 1905 . The present day Branciforte Small Schools Campus ( BSSC ) building is located at what was the center of the Villa de Branciforte . A California State historical marker , number 469 , is located outside of the building , too , at the corner of Water Street and Branciforte Avenue .'}]}, {'value': 'Water and Branciforte 36°59′00″N 122°01′00″W / 36.983333°N 122.016667°W / 36.983333 ; -122.016667 ( Villa de Branciforte )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santa Cruz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California', 'summary': "Santa Cruz ( /ˈsæntə ˈkruːz/ ; Spanish for Holy Cross ) is the county seat and largest city of Santa Cruz County , California . As of 2018 the U.S. Census Bureau estimated Santa Cruz 's population at 64,725 . Situated on the northern edge of Monterey Bay , about 32 mi ( 51 km ) south of San Jose and 75 mi ( 120 km ) south of San Francisco , the city is part of the 12-county San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area . Santa Cruz is known for its moderate climate , natural environment , coastline , redwood forests , alternative community lifestyles , and socially liberal leanings . It is also home to the University of California , Santa Cruz , a premier research institution and educational hub , as well as the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk , an oceanfront amusement park operating continuously since 1907 . The present-day site of Santa Cruz was the location of Spanish settlement beginning in 1791 , including Mission Santa Cruz and the pueblo of Branciforte . The City of Santa Cruz was incorporated in 1866 and chartered in April 1876 . Important early industries included lumber , gunpowder , lime and agriculture . Late in the 19th century , Santa Cruz established itself as a beach resort community ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'California_Historical_Landmarks_in_Santa_Cruz_County,_California_0', 'intro': 'List table of the properties and districts - listed on the California Historical Landmarks - within Santa Cruz County, California.'}	null	null	What is the population of the city containing the historical Santa Cruz landmark of Villa de Branciforte ?	64,725
09d39f4fe63bb2b8	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solheim_Cup', 'title': 'Solheim Cup', 'header': ['Year', 'Venue', 'Winning team', 'Score', 'USA captain', 'Europe captain'], 'data': [{'value': '2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Solheim Cup was the 16th edition of the Solheim Cup matches , held from 13 to 15 September at the Gleneagles PGA Centenary Course in Scotland . The Solheim Cup is a biennial team competition between the top women professional golfers from Europe and the United States . It is a three-day match play event between teams of twelve players with a similar format to the Ryder Cup . Juli Inkster captained the U.S. team for the third time and Catriona Matthew captained the European team for the first time . After the first two days the competition was tied at 8-all . Europe won the singles 6½-5½ to win the Cup for the first time since 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Gleneagles , Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gleneagles_Hotel', 'summary': 'Gleneagles Hotel is a hotel near Auchterarder , Perth and Kinross , Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'Europe', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14½-13½', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Juli Inkster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juli_Inkster', 'summary': "Juli Inkster ( born Juli Simpson ; June 24 , 1960 ) is an American professional golfer who plays on the LPGA Tour . With a professional career spanning 29 years to date , Inkster 's 31 wins rank her second in wins among all active players on the LPGA Tour ; she has over $ 13 million in career earnings . She also has more wins in Solheim Cup matches than any other American , and is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame . Inkster is the only golfer in LPGA Tour history to win two majors in a decade for three consecutive decades by winning three in the 1980s , two in the 1990s , and two in the 2000s ."}]}, {'value': 'Catriona Matthew', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catriona_Matthew', 'summary': 'Catriona Isobel Matthew OBE ( née Lambert ; born 25 August 1969 ) is a Scottish professional golfer who plays mainly on the US-based LPGA Tour and is also a member of the Ladies European Tour .'}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2017_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2017 Solheim Cup was the 15th edition of the Solheim Cup matches , held August 18-20 at the Des Moines Golf and Country Club in West Des Moines , Iowa . The Solheim Cup is a biennial team competition between the top women professional golfers from Europe and the United States . It is a three-day match play event between teams of twelve players with a similar format to the Ryder Cup . Juli Inkster captained the U.S. team for the second time and Annika Sörenstam captained the European team for the first time . The United States won by a score of 16½ to 11½ , retaining the cup they won in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Des Moines Golf and Country Club , Iowa , USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Des_Moines_Golf_and_Country_Club', 'summary': 'Des Moines Golf and Country Club is a private country club in West Des Moines , Iowa , located few minutes west of Des Moines . Its golf courses have consistently been ranked in the top ten golf courses in the state of Iowa . Established in 1899 , it established its current site in 1970 . In late September 1897 , the foundation of the Des Moines Golf and Country Club was established . Newspaper accounts have the details : A forty-acre field owned by Mr. J. S. Polk just north of the station at the end of Ingersoll Line will be fitted up for the grounds . Mr. Polk has consented to rent the ground to the club and become a member himself . An organizational meeting on October 7 ratified articles of incorporation . N. T. Guernsey was elected as the first president of the new club . The incorporation papers were filed in Polk County on October 11 , 1897 . In 1906 , Joe Roseman was appointed as head professional and greens superintendent . In 1923 , the Ashworth estate in West Des Moines was purchased and a new 18-hole golf course was designed . Following a devastating fire in 1946 , a new clubhouse was built and membership rose to 365 .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16½-11½', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Juli Inkster', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Annika Sörenstam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Annika_Sörenstam', 'summary': "Annika Sörenstam ( pronounced [ ˈǎnːɪka ˈsœ̂ːrɛnˌstam ] ( listen ) ; born 9 October 1970 ) is a retired Swedish professional golfer . She is regarded as one of the best female golfers in history . Before stepping away from competitive golf at the end of the 2008 season , she had won 90 international tournaments as a professional , making her the female golfer with the most wins to her name . She has won 72 official LPGA tournaments including ten majors and 18 other tournaments internationally , and she tops the LPGA 's career money list with earnings of over $ 22 million - over $ 2 million ahead of her nearest rival while playing 149 fewer events . Since 2006 , Sörenstam has held dual American and Swedish citizenship . The winner of a record eight Player of the Year awards , and six Vare Trophies given to the LPGA player with the lowest seasonal scoring average , she is the only female golfer to shoot a 59 in competition . She holds various all-time scoring records including the lowest season scoring average : 68.6969 in 2004 . Representing Europe in the Solheim Cup on eight occasions between 1994 and 2007 , Sörenstam was the event 's all-time leading points earner until her record was surpassed by England 's Laura Davies during the 2011 Solheim Cup . In 2003 , Sörenstam played in the Bank of America Colonial tournament to become the first woman to play in a PGA Tour event since 1945 ."}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2015 Solheim Cup was the 14th edition of the Solheim Cup matches , held 18-20 September at the St. Leon course of Golf Club St. Leon-Rot , St. Leon-Rot , Baden-Württemberg , Germany . The Solheim Cup is a biennial team competition between the top women professional golfers from Europe and the United States . It is a three-day match play event between teams of twelve players with a similar format to the Ryder Cup . The United States won by a score of 14½ to 13½ ; the closest score in the history of the Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Golf Club St. Leon-Rot , Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Golf_Club_St._Leon-Rot', 'summary': 'Golf Club St. Leon-Rot is a golf club in St. Leon-Rot , Baden-Württemberg , Germany , 20 km south of Heidelberg . It hosted the Deutsche Bank - SAP Open TPC of Europe in 1999 , 2001 , 2002 and 2004 , Tiger Woods winning on the first three occasions . It also hosted the 2015 Solheim Cup . The club was founded in 1997 by SAP co-founder Dietmar Hopp . There are two 18 hole courses , called St. Leon and Rot . The Solheim Cup was played on the St. Leon course while the Junior Solheim Cup was played on the Rot course .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14½-13½', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Juli Inkster', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carin Koch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carin_Koch', 'summary': 'Carin Koch ( née Hjalmarsson ) ( born 23 February 1971 ) is a Swedish professional golfer who plays on the Ladies European Tour and on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2013 Solheim Cup was the 13th edition of the Solheim Cup matches , held on August 16-18 at the Colorado Golf Club in Parker , Colorado , southeast of Denver . The Solheim Cup is a biennial team competition between the top women professional golfers from the United States and from Europe . Similar to the Ryder Cup , it is a three-day match play event between teams of twelve players . Europe won the matches by a score of 18-10 . The U.S. team had won eight of the twelve previous Solheim Cups . Europe was the defending champion , having won in 2011 in Ireland , but had never won in the United States . The matches included a series of firsts for Team Europe :'}]}, {'value': 'Colorado Golf Club , Colorado , USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Golf_Club', 'summary': 'Colorado Golf Club is a golf club located in Parker , Colorado , southeast of Denver . Opened in 2007 , it hosted the Senior PGA Championship in 2010 , won by Tom Lehman . It is currently hosting the Solheim Cup in 2013 , a biennial ladies team competition contested by teams from the United States and Europe . The championship golf course was designed by Bill Coore and Ben Crenshaw , and plays 7,604 yards ( 6,953 m ) off the back tees to a par of 72 . Its average elevation exceeds 6,100 feet ( 1,860 m ) above sea level .'}]}, {'value': 'Europe', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18-10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meg Mallon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Meg_Mallon', 'summary': 'Meg Mallon ( born April 14 , 1963 ) is an American professional golfer . She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1987 and won 18 LPGA Tour events , including four major championships , during her career . Mallon was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Liselotte Neumann', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liselotte_Neumann', 'summary': "Liselotte Maria Lotta Neumann ( born 20 May 1966 ) is a Swedish professional golfer . When she recorded her first professional win , by claiming the 1988 U.S. Women 's Open title , Neumann also became the first Swedish golfer , male or female , to win a major championship ."}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': "The 2011 Solheim Cup was the 12th Solheim Cup matches , held 23-25 September in Ireland at Killeen Castle in County Meath , northwest of Dublin . The biennial matches are a three-day contest for professional female golfers , between teams of 12 top players from the United States and Europe . Entering the 2011 matches , the U.S. had won the three recent competitions , with Europe 's last victory coming eight years earlier in 2003 in Sweden . After the first two days of team play , the competition was tied at 8-all . Europe went 7-5 in singles on Sunday and regained the Cup , 15-13 . It was Europe 's fourth win , all won on home soil ."}]}, {'value': 'Killeen Castle Golf Resort , Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Killeen_Castle_Golf_Resort', 'summary': 'Killeen Castle ( Irish : Caisleán an Chillín ) , located in Dunsany , County Meath , Ireland , is the current construction on a site occupied by a castle since around 1180 . The current building is a restoration of a largely 19th century structure , burnt out in 1981 . Killeen was built as one of a pair of castles either side of a major roadway north , the other being the extant Dunsany Castle . Its estate was occupied continuously by the Cusack , and then after a marriage , Plunkett , families , from 1172 to 1951 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ) , also known as the Republic of Ireland ( Poblacht na hÉireann ) , is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland . The capital and largest city is Dublin , which is located on the eastern side of the island . Around a third of the country 's population of 4.9 million people resides in the greater Dublin area . The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland , a part of the United Kingdom . It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the Celtic Sea to the south , St George 's Channel to the south-east , and the Irish Sea to the east . It is a unitary , parliamentary republic . The legislature , the Oireachtas , consists of a lower house , Dáil Éireann , an upper house , Seanad Éireann , and an elected President ( Uachtarán ) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state , but with some important powers and duties . The head of government is the Taoiseach ( Prime Minister , literally 'Chief ' , a title not used in English ) , who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President ; the Taoiseach in turn appoints other government ministers . The state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty . It had the status of Dominion until 1937 when a new constitution was adopted , in which the state was named Ireland and effectively became a republic , with an elected non-executive president as head of state . It was officially declared a republic in 1949 , following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 . Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955 ."}]}, {'value': 'Europe', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15-13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rosie Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rosie_Jones', 'summary': 'Rosie Jones ( born November 13 , 1959 ) is an American professional golfer , with 13 LPGA Tour career victories and nearly $ 8.4 million in tournament earnings .'}]}, {'value': 'Alison Nicholas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alison_Nicholas', 'summary': 'Alison Nicholas , MBE ( born 6 March 1962 ) is an English professional golfer .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': 'The 11th Solheim Cup Matches were held August 21-23 , 2009 at Rich Harvest Farms in Sugar Grove , Illinois , west of Chicago . The biennial matches are a three-day team competition for professional female golfers , pitting the 12 best players born in the United States against the 12 best players of European nationality . The United States claimed the Cup for the third consecutive meeting , winning 16-12 . Entering the final day , the competition was tied at 8 points each , but the U.S. won eight of the dozen singles matches to retain the Solheim Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Rich Harvest Farms , Illinois , USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rich_Harvest_Farms', 'summary': 'Rich Harvest Farms is a private golf course and country club near Sugar Grove , Illinois , about 50 miles ( 80 km ) west of downtown Chicago . Built in 1989 and expanded in 1999 , the 18-hole championship golf course is on an expansive 1,800 acres ( 7.3 km2 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16-12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beth Daniel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beth_Daniel', 'summary': 'Beth Daniel ( born October 14 , 1956 ) is an American professional golfer . She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1979 and won 33 LPGA Tour events , including one major championship , during her career . She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'Alison Nicholas', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2007 Solheim Cup was the tenth Solheim Cup , held 14-16 September at Halmstad GK in Halmstad , Sweden . It was a three-day contest for professional female golfers , pitting the 12 best players born in the United States against the 12 best players born in Europe . The U.S. team won the competition , 16 to 12 , to retain the Solheim Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Halmstad GK , Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halmstad_GK', 'summary': "Halmstad GK ( Halmstad Golf Klubb , or Halmstad Golf Club in English ) . Claiming a home among the towering pines and seaside lands of Sweden 's golfing playground are the par 72-championship courses , the North Course and the South Course in Tylösand , just 8 km outside the town of Halmstad . It has several times been ranked as the best golf course in Sweden . The British journal Golf World voted Tylösand Europe 's 2nd Best course outside the UK in 2001 . Halmstad GK was the host for the 2007 Solheim Cup . The United States defeated Europe 16 to 12 . The Solheim Cup is a biennial golf tournament for professional women golfers contested by teams representing Europe and the United States . The club also hosted the 2011 European Amateur . Golf Digest named the course the best in Sweden and the second best course in Europe outside of the United Kingdom ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sweden', 'summary': 'Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16-12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Betsy King', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Betsy_King', 'summary': 'Betsy King ( born August 13 , 1955 ) is an American professional golfer . She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1977 and won six major championships and 34 LPGA Tour victories in all .'}]}, {'value': 'Helen Alfredsson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helen_Alfredsson', 'summary': 'Helen Christine Alfredsson ( born 9 April 1965 ) is a Swedish professional golfer who played primarily on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour and is also a life member of the Ladies European Tour .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2005_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': 'The 9th Solheim Cup Match was held September 9-11 , 2005 at Crooked Stick Golf Club , Carmel , Indiana , a suburb north of Indianapolis . The United States won the trophy for the sixth time by a score of 15½ to 12½ points . The winning point was gained by Meg Mallon in her win over Karen Stupples .'}]}, {'value': 'Crooked Stick Golf Club , Indiana , USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crooked_Stick_Golf_Club', 'summary': "Crooked Stick Golf Club is located in Carmel , Indiana , a suburb north of Indianapolis . Built in 1964 by the famous course architects Pete and Alice Dye , it was host to the PGA Championship in 1991 won by John Daly and the U.S. Womens Open in 1993 , won by Lauri Merten . It also hosted the Solheim Cup matches in 2005 . Crooked Stick also hosted the 2012 BMW Championship , won by Rory McIlroy , and hosted the tournament again in 2016 , where Dustin Johnson won with a record breaking -23 . For many years it has been noted as one of the top 100 courses in the U.S. by Golfweek and Golf Magazine , two of golf 's most popular magazines ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15½-12½', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nancy Lopez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nancy_Lopez', 'summary': 'Nancy Marie Lopez ( born January 6 , 1957 ) is a retired American professional golfer . She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1977 and won 48 LPGA Tour events , including three major championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Catrin Nilsmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catrin_Nilsmark', 'summary': 'Catrin Maria Nilsmark ( born 30 August 1967 ) is a Swedish professional golfer who played on both the United States-based LPGA Tour and the Ladies European Tour .'}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': "The 2003 Solheim Cup was the eighth Solheim Cup , held 12-14 September 2003 at Barsebäck Golf & Country Club in Loddekopinge , Skåne , Sweden . This was the first time the European team hosted outside of the United Kingdom . When Rosie Jones of the U.S. conceded a birdie putt to Catriona Matthew giving her a 3 & 1 win , Europe reached the 14½ points required to win the Solheim Cup for the third time . With the overall competition 's outcome decided , amid some controversy , four of the five remaining matches were conceded for a final score of 17½ to 10½ ."}]}, {'value': 'Barsebäck Golf & Country Club , Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barsebäck_Golf_&_Country_Club', 'summary': 'Barsebäck Golf & Country Club is a golf club located in Barsebäck , in the northern part of Metropolitan Malmö in the province of Skåne in southern Sweden , just by the Öresund strait . The club has two 18-hole courses , the 73-par Masters Course ( finished in 1969 and designed by Ture Bruce ) and the 71-par Donald Steel Course ( finished in 1989 and designed by Donald Steel ) , as well as a 9-hole course , Litorina Course . The 2003 Solheim Cup was hosted here , as well as several Scandinavian Masters tournaments . In 2007 , Annika Sörenstam hosted a Ladies European Tour competition named Scandinavian TPC hosted by Annika , played on the Masters Course August 9-12 . Barsebäck Golf & Country Club is the home club of the world-famous golf tour player Henrik Stenson and in 2007 he was made Honorary Member .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sweden', 'summary': 'Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .'}]}, {'value': 'Europe', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17½-10½', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patty Sheehan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patty_Sheehan', 'summary': "Patty Sheehan ( born October 27 , 1956 ) is an American professional golfer . She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1980 and won six major championships and 35 LPGA Tour events in all . She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame . Sheehan also hosts the Patty Sheehan & Friends , which is a tournament on the Legends Tour . Patty Sheehan & Friends helps aid women and children 's charities all across Northern Nevada ."}]}, {'value': 'Catrin Nilsmark', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': 'The 7th Solheim Cup Match was held between September 20 and September 22 , 2002 at Interlachen Country Club , Edina , Minnesota , USA . Team USA won the trophy for the fifth time by a score of 15½ to 12½ points . Rosie Jones gained the winning point in her victory over Karine Icher .'}]}, {'value': 'Interlachen Country Club , Minnesota , USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Interlachen_Country_Club', 'summary': "The Interlachen Country Club is a private country club in Edina , Minnesota which has hosted several national golf tournaments , including the 1930 U.S. Open ( won by Bobby Jones on his way to winning the Grand Slam ) , the 2002 Solheim Cup , and the 2008 U.S. Women 's Open ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15½-12½', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patty Sheehan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dale Reid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dale_Reid', 'summary': "Dale Reid OBE ( born 20 March 1959 ) is a Scottish professional golfer from Ladybank , Fife . She is one of the most successful players in the history of the Ladies European Tour , with 21 tournament victories . She topped the Order of Merit in 1984 and 1987 and was made a life member of the tour after collecting her 20th title at the 1991 Ford Classic . She played for Europe in the first four Solheim Cups ( 1990 , 1992 , 1994 and 1996 ) and was Europe 's non-playing captain in 2000 and 2002 . She worked full-time in a care home in Cupar , Fife for a short time as a social care worker , shortly after leaving this job she moved to Australia where she now resides . Reid was named an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on the 2001 Queen 's New Year 's Honours List , following the 2000 Solheim Cup win ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': 'The 6th Solheim Cup Match was held between 6 and 8 October 2000 at Loch Lomond Golf Club , Luss , Dunbartonshire , Scotland . Europe won the trophy for the second time , by a score of 14½ to 11½ points . Carin Koch holed the winning putt , coming back from three down to beat Michele Redman .'}]}, {'value': 'Loch Lomond Golf Club , Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Loch_Lomond_Golf_Club', 'summary': "Loch Lomond Golf Club is located in Luss , Argyll & Bute , Scotland on the shore of Loch Lomond . The course occupies land previously held by Clan Colquhoun and includes the clan 's seat of Rossdhu Mansion as its clubhouse ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Scotland', 'summary': 'Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'Europe', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14½-11½', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pat Bradley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pat_Bradley_(golfer)', 'summary': 'Pat Bradley ( born March 24 , 1951 ) is an American professional golfer . She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1974 and won 31 tour events , including six major championships . Bradley is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'Dale Reid', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': 'The fifth Solheim Cup took place from September 18 to September 20 , 1998 , at Muirfield Village , Dublin , Ohio , United States . The United States team retained the cup beating the European team by 16 points to 12 .'}]}, {'value': 'Muirfield Village , Ohio , USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muirfield_Village', 'summary': 'Muirfield Village is an upscale golf-oriented community in the central United States , located in Dublin , Ohio , a suburb north of Columbus .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16-12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Judy Rankin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Judy_Rankin', 'summary': 'Judy Torluemke Rankin ( born February 18 , 1945 ) is an American professional golfer and golf broadcaster . A member of the World Golf Hall of Fame , she joined the LPGA Tour in 1962 at age 17 and won 26 tour events . Rankin is currently the lead analyst for the LPGA Tour telecasts on Golf Channel , works select PGA Tour events for the network as an on-course reporter and also serves as an expert analyst for golf coverage on ESPN/ABC .'}]}, {'value': 'Pia Nilsson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pia_Nilsson_(golfer)', 'summary': "Pia Nilsson ( born c. 1958 ) is a Swedish professional golfer and coach . Nilsson played on the Swedish National Amateur Golf Team from 1974-1981 , appearing twice in the Espirito Santo Trophy World Amateur Team Championship ( 1976 and 1980 ) , and she won the European Ladies ' Team Championship in 1981 . She played her collegiate golf at Arizona State University , graduating with a B.S . in Physical Education in 1981 having made All-Conference Second Team in 1980-1981 . She played on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour from 1983 to 1987 with moderate success . She also played in Europe , winning her first professional tournament on the Telia Tour at the 1986 SI Trygg-Hansa Open . She had four other Telia Tour wins - the 1987 IBM Ladies Open , the 1988 Ängsö Ladies Open , the 1989 Stora Lundby Ladies Open and SM Matchplay . She became head coach for the Swedish National Women 's Teams ( juniors , amateurs and pros ) in Sweden from 1990 to 1995 and Head Coach for the Swedish National Teams ( men and women ; pros , amateurs and juniors ) from 1996 to 1998 , and was the Captain of the 1998 European Solheim Cup Team . She coaches a number of LPGA Tour professionals and is a coach and mentor to Annika Sörenstam ."}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': 'The fourth Solheim Cup took place from 20 September to 22 September 1996 at St. Pierre Hotel & Country Club , Chepstow , Wales . The United States team retained the cup beating the European team by 17 points to 11 .'}]}, {'value': 'St Pierre Golf & Country Club , Wales', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St_Pierre_Golf_&_Country_Club', 'summary': 'St Pierre is a former parish and hamlet in Monmouthshire , south east Wales , 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) south west of Chepstow and adjacent to the Severn Estuary . It is now the site of a large golf and country club , the Marriott St Pierre Hotel & Country Club , which was previously a large manor house and deer park belonging to the Lewis family .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wales', 'summary': "Wales ( Welsh : Cymru [ ˈkəmri ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It is bordered by England to the east , the Irish Sea to the north and west , and the Bristol Channel to the south . It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2 ( 8,023 sq mi ) . Wales has over 1,680 miles ( 2,700 km ) of coastline and is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas , including Snowdon ( Yr Wyddfa ) , its highest summit . The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable , maritime climate . Welsh national identity emerged among the Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century , and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations . Llywelyn ap Gruffudd 's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England 's conquest of Wales , though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century . The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century . Welsh Liberalism , exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George , was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party . Welsh national feeling grew over the century ; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962 . Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998 , the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17-11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Judy Rankin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mickey Walker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mickey_Walker_(golfer)', 'summary': "Carol Michelle Walker OBE ( born 17 December 1952 ) is an English professional golfer . Walker was born in Leeds , Yorkshire , England . She turned professional in 1973 and played on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour from 1974 to 1981 . Her best finish was a T-2 at the 1976 Jerry Lewis Muscular Dystrophy Classic where she lost a four-player playoff to Sandra Palmer . Walker was a founding member of the Ladies European Tour and won six times on the tour between 1979 and 1984 . Walker was Europe 's Solheim Cup captain the first four times the Cup was held ( 1990 , 1992 , 1994 and 1996 ) , captaining Europe to its first victory in the competition in 1992 . She coached the Great Britain & Ireland Curtis Cup team in 1994 , 1996 and 1998 . She has been appointed captain of the 2019 European team for the Junior Solheim Cup at Gleneagles . Walker was head professional at the Warren Golf Club in Essex from 1986 to 2001 . She works as a golf coach , radio and television commentator and public speaker ."}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': 'The third Solheim Cup match took place from October 21 to October 23 , 1994 , at The Greenbrier , White Sulphur Springs , West Virginia , United States . The United States team regained the cup from the European team winning by 13 points to 7 .'}]}, {'value': 'The Greenbrier , West Virginia , USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Greenbrier', 'summary': "The Greenbrier is a luxury resort located in the Allegheny Mountains near White Sulphur Springs in Greenbrier County , West Virginia , in the United States . Since 1778 , visitors have traveled to this part of the state to take the waters of the area . Today , The Greenbrier is situated on 11,000 acres ( 4,500 ha ) of land with 710 guest rooms , 20 restaurants and lounges , more than 55 indoor and outdoor activities and sports , and 36 retail shops . The current Greenbrier was built in 1913 by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway and was owned for much of its history by that company and its successors , Chessie System and CSX Corporation . Following years of heavy losses , CSX placed the hotel into bankruptcy in 2009 . Justice Family Group , LLC , a company owned by local entrepreneur Jim Justice , subsequently bought the property and guaranteed all debts , resulting in dismissal of the bankruptcy . Justice promised to return the hotel to its former status as a five-star resort and to introduce tasteful gambling for guests to increase profit . The Greenbrier Hotel Corp. today operates as a subsidiary of Justice 's company . The last U.S. president to stay at The Greenbrier during a presidency was Dwight D. Eisenhower . A total of 26 presidents have stayed at the hotel . The Greenbrier is also the site of a massive underground bunker that was meant to serve as an emergency shelter for the United States Congress during the Cold War . The bunker was code named Project Greek Island , and Fritz Bugas was the former onsite superintendent ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13-7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JoAnne Carner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/JoAnne_Carner', 'summary': "JoAnne Gunderson Carner ( born April 4 , 1939 ) is an American former professional golfer . Her 43 victories on the LPGA Tour led to her induction in the World Golf Hall of Fame . She is the only woman to have won the U.S . Girls ' Junior , U.S. Women 's Amateur , and U.S. Women 's Open titles , and was the first person ever to win three different USGA championship events . Tiger Woods is the only man to have won the equivalent three USGA titles . Arnold Palmer , Jack Nicklaus , and Carol Semple Thompson have also won three different USGA titles . Carner was inducted into the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame in 1969 . In 1981 , Carner was voted the Bob Jones Award , the highest honor given by the United States Golf Association in recognition of distinguished sportsmanship in golf . She captained the 1994 U.S. Solheim Cup team ."}]}, {'value': 'Mickey Walker', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': 'The second Solheim Cup golf match took place from 2 October to 4 October 1992 at Dalmahoy Country Club , Edinburgh , Scotland . The European team beat the United States team 11½ points to 6½ , to win the trophy for the first time .'}]}, {'value': 'Dalmahoy Country Club , Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dalmahoy', 'summary': 'Dalmahoy ( from the Scottish Gaelic : Dail MoThua ) is a hotel and former country house near Edinburgh , Scotland . It is located off the A71 road , 3.5 kilometres ( 2.2 mi ) south of Ratho . The house is protected as a category A listed building ,'}, {'url': '/wiki/Scotland', 'summary': 'Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'Europe', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11½-6½', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kathy Whitworth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kathy_Whitworth', 'summary': 'Kathrynne Ann Whitworth ( born September 27 , 1939 ) is an American professional golfer . Throughout her playing career she won 88 LPGA Tour tournaments , more than anyone else has won on either the LPGA Tour or the PGA Tour . In 1981 she became the first woman to reach career earnings of $ 1 million on the LPGA Tour . She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'Mickey Walker', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1990_Solheim_Cup', 'summary': 'The inaugural Solheim Cup competition took place in Orlando , Florida , United States at Lake Nona Golf & Country Club from November 16 to November 18 , 1990 . The United States team beat the European team 11½ points to 4½ .'}]}, {'value': 'Lake Nona Golf & Country Club , Florida , USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Nona_Golf_&_Country_Club', 'summary': 'Lake Nona Golf & Country Club is a private residential golf club community in southeast Orlando , Florida . The 600-acre ( 2.4 km2 ) community features an 18-hole championship golf course designed by Tom Fazio . Set amidst freshwater lakes and oak , pine and cypress trees , Lake Nona Golf & Country Club offers a range of residences , including custom-built estate homes .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11½-4½', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kathy Whitworth', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mickey Walker', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Results', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Solheim_Cup_0', 'intro': "The Solheim Cup is a biennial golf tournament for professional women golfers contested by teams representing Europe and the United States. It is named after the Norwegian-American golf club manufacturer Karsten Solheim, who was a driving force behind its creation. The inaugural Cup was held in 1990, and the event was staged in even number years until 2002, alternating years with the Ryder Cup (the equivalent men's event). As part of the general reshuffling of team golf events after the one-year postponement of the 2001 Ryder Cup following the September 11 attacks, the Solheim Cup switched to odd numbered years beginning in 2003. The current holders are Europe, who won at the Gleneagles Hotel in Perthshire, Scotland in 2019. The next contest will be at the Inverness Club in Toledo, Ohio in 2021."}	null	null	The USA captain at the 5th Solheim Cup was a golfer that joined what in 1962 ?	LPGA Tour
09d5eed07b6008a9	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965_PGA_Tour', 'title': '1965 PGA Tour', 'header': ['Date', 'Tournament', 'Location', 'Winner', 'Score', '1st prize ( $ )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Jan 11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_Open', 'summary': "The Genesis Invitational is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour in southern California , first played 94 years ago in 1926 as the Los Angeles Open . Other previous names include Northern Trust Open and Nissan Open . Played annually in February at the Riviera Country Club in Pacific Palisades , it is often the concluding event of the tour 's West Coast Swing early in the calendar year , before the tour moves east to Florida . The tournament has been held at Riviera on a near-continuous basis since 1973 . South Korea-based Hyundai Motor Group , through its Genesis Motors subsidiary , took over sponsorship in 2017 , after nine seasons from Northern Trust Corporation , based in Chicago , following a 21-year sponsorship by Nissan Motors . Entertainer Glen Campbell was the celebrity host of the Los Angeles Open from 1971 to 1983 ."}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California', 'summary': "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ."}]}, {'value': 'Paul Harney ( 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Harney', 'summary': "Paul Harney ( July 11 , 1929 - August 24 , 2011 ) was an American professional golfer and golf course owner who spent part of his career as a full-time PGA Tour player , but mostly was a club professional , part-time Tour player , and owner-operator of his own course . Harney was born and raised in Worcester , Massachusetts . He attended the College of the Holy Cross , which is located in his hometown ; and was captain of the golf team . Harney played full-time on the PGA Tour from 1955 to 1962 ; and part-time from 1963 to 1973 . During that time , he won six PGA Tour events . His first win came at the 1957 Carling Open ; he won his second PGA Tour event just two weeks later at the Labatt Open . In 1963 at the prime of his career , he fulfilled a promise made to his wife , Patricia , that when their oldest child started school , he would only play the tour on a part-time basis . He took his first club pro job at Sunset Oaks in northern California , where he stayed a couple years . He then moved his family across the country to Sutton , Massachusetts , where he took the club pro 's job at Pleasant Valley Country Club . Harney had a great deal of success in major championships , placing in the top-10 six times . His best finish in a major was 4th at the 1963 U.S. Open ; however , he also finished in the top-8 four times at The Masters in the 1960s . Harney has received many honors and awards ."}]}, {'value': '276 ( −8 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jan 17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Diego Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Diego_Open_Invitational', 'summary': 'The Farmers Insurance Open is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour , played in the San Diego , California , area in the early part of the season known as the West Coast Swing . The tournament was noted for having singer-actor Andy Williams as a celebrity host from 1968 to 1988 . It originated as the San Diego Open in 1952 and used that name in its title through 1985 . Title sponsors were added in 1981 , first with Wickes for two years , then three with Isuzu . Shearson Lehman Brothers became the title sponsors in 1986 , replaced by Buick in 1992 and Farmers Insurance in 2010 . The event is organized by The Century Club of San Diego . Although the San Diego Open began in 1952 , the PGA Tour recognizes two earlier events of the same name : Leo Diegel won both events , in 1927 and 1929 .'}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California', 'summary': "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ."}]}, {'value': 'Wes Ellis ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wes_Ellis', 'summary': 'Wesley Ellis , Jr. ( January 27 , 1932 - June 4 , 1984 ) was an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour in the 1950s , 1960s and 1970s . Ellis was born in Kansas City , Missouri . He attended the University of Texas in Austin and was a member of the golf team from 1950-1952 . He won the Massingill Trophy in 1950 , and was the individual medalist at the Southwest Conference Championship in 1952 . He graduated in 1953 with a degree in zoology and turned professional in 1954 . Ellis won three PGA Tour events . His first win came at the 1958 Canadian Open . He won by one stroke over Jay Hebert at the Mayfair Golf and Country Club in Edmonton , Alberta . His last win came in 1965 at the San Diego Open Invitational in a playoff against golf legend Billy Casper . His victory in San Diego was unique in that Ellis used what is commonly known as a cross-handed putting grip ; that is , as a right-handed golfer he kept his left hand below his right . Ellis had four top-10 finishes in major championships : a T-9 at the 1956 U.S. Open , a T-8 at the 1966 U.S. Open , a 6th at the 1960 PGA Championship and a T-5 at the 1961 PGA Championship . Ellis , like many pro golfers of his generation , earned his living primarily as a club pro .'}]}, {'value': '267 ( −17 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4,850', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jan 24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bing Crosby National Pro-Am', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bing_Crosby_National_Pro-Am', 'summary': "The AT & T Pebble Beach Pro-Am is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour , held annually at Pebble Beach , California , near Carmel . The tournament is usually held during the month of February on three different courses , currently Pebble Beach Golf Links , Spyglass Hill Golf Course , and Monterey Peninsula Country Club . The event was originally known as the Bing Crosby National Pro-Amateur , or just the Crosby Clambake . After Crosby 's death in 1977 , the tournament was hosted by his family for eight years . The Crosby name was dropped after the 1985 event , and AT & T Corporation became the title sponsor 34 years ago in 1986 . It is organized by the Monterey Peninsula Foundation ."}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California', 'summary': "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ."}]}, {'value': 'Bruce Crampton ( 4 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Crampton', 'summary': "Bruce Crampton ( born 28 September 1935 ) is an Australian professional golfer . Crampton was born in Sydney , New South Wales , and attended Kogarah High School in 1948-1950 . He turned professional in 1953 . He won the Vardon Trophy for the player with the lowest stroke average on the PGA Tour in 1973 and 1975 . He had 14 career wins on the PGA Tour between 1961 and 1975 and was runner up in four major championships - one Masters , one U.S. Open , and two PGA Championships - all to Jack Nicklaus . He was ranked among the top five golfers in the world in both 1972 and 1973 , according to Mark McCormack 's world golf rankings . His other regular career victories included the Australian Open , New Zealand PGA Championship , Far East Open and the Philippine Open . As a senior , he won 20 times on the Champions Tour , and topped the money list in 1986 , but he did not win a senior major . Crampton was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': '284 ( −3 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jan 31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lucky International Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lucky_International_Open', 'summary': "The Lucky International Open was a PGA Tour event in the 1960s in San Francisco , California . It was played at Harding Park Golf Club , a public course across Lake Merced from the more glamorous Olympic Club . One of the founders and sponsors of the Lucky International Open was Eugene Selvage , owner of the Lucky Lager Brewing Company . Following surgery on his hands the previous summer , San Francisco native Ken Venturi won his 14th and final PGA Tour event here in January 1966 , taking the first prize of $ 8,500 with his parents in the gallery . The deteriorating conditions and antiquated facilities at Harding Park caused the PGA Tour to leave at the end of the decade . The final edition in 1969 was played in late October without the Lucky name and had a winner 's share of $ 20,000 . Steve Spray gained his only tour victory , one stroke ahead of runner-up Chi-Chi Rodríguez , the playoff winner in January 1964 . For its first six years , it was played in late January , the week after the Bing Crosby National Pro-Am at Pebble Beach . Not played in 1967 , it was held in mid-autumn in 1968 and 1969 ."}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California', 'summary': "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ."}]}, {'value': 'George Archer ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Archer', 'summary': 'George William Archer ( October 1 , 1939 - September 25 , 2005 ) was an American professional golfer who won 13 events on the PGA Tour , including one major championship , the Masters in 1969 .'}]}, {'value': '278 ( −6 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Feb 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bob Hope Desert Classic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Hope_Desert_Classic', 'summary': "The American Express ( formerly the Desert Classic , CareerBuilder Challenge , Palm Springs Golf Classic , the Bob Hope Desert Classic , the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic , and the Humana Challenge ) is a professional golf tournament in southern California on the PGA Tour . Played in mid-winter in the Coachella Valley ( greater Palm Springs ) , it is part of the tour 's early season West Coast Swing . It previously had five rounds of competition ( 90 holes ) rather than the standard of four rounds , and was known for its celebrity pro-am . For many years , the event was named for and hosted by entertainer Bob Hope and featured a number of celebrity participants . In 2012 , the Desert Classic changed to a traditional 72-hole format over three different courses with a 54-hole cut , similar to the AT & T Pebble Beach Pro-Am . It continues to have a large pro-am , but has slowly ceased featuring celebrity participants . The tournament is organized by the nonprofit Desert Classic Charities ."}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California', 'summary': "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ."}]}, {'value': 'Billy Casper ( 25 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Billy_Casper', 'summary': 'William Earl Casper Jr. ( June 24 , 1931 - February 7 , 2015 ) was an American professional golfer . He was one of the most prolific tournament winners on the PGA Tour from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s . In his youth , Casper started as a caddie and emerged from the junior golf hotbed of San Diego , where golf could be played year-round , to rank seventh all-time in career Tour wins with 51 , across a 20-year period between 1956 and 1975 . Fellow San Diegan great Gene Littler was a friend and rival from teenager to senior . Casper won three major championships , represented the United States on a then-record eight Ryder Cup teams , and holds the U.S. record for career Ryder Cup points won . After reaching age 50 , Casper regularly played the Senior PGA Tour and was a winner there until 1989 . In his later years , Casper successfully developed businesses in golf course design and management of golf facilities . Casper served as Ryder Cup captain in 1979 , was twice PGA Player of the Year ( 1966 and 1970 ) , was twice leading money winner , and won five Vardon Trophy awards for the lowest seasonal scoring average on the Tour . Respected for his extraordinary putting and short-game skills , Casper was a superior strategist who overcame his distance disadvantages against longer-hitting competitors such as Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus with moxie , creative shot-making , and clever golf-course management abilities . Never a flashy gallery favorite , Casper developed his own self-contained style , relying on solid technique , determination , concentration , and perseverance . He converted to the LDS Church in 1966 . Casper was inducted to the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1978 .'}]}, {'value': '348 ( −12 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Feb 14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Phoenix Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phoenix_Open_Invitational', 'summary': "The Phoenix Open ( known as the Waste Management Phoenix Open for title sponsorship reasons ) is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour , held in late January/early February at the Tournament Players Club ( TPC ) of Scottsdale , Arizona . The tournament was originally the Arizona Open , but was known for most of its history as the Phoenix Open until the investment bank Friedman Billings Ramsey became the title sponsor in October 2003 , and it was known as the FBR Open for the next six editions . Waste Management began its sponsorship in 2010 . The event 's relaxed atmosphere , raucous by the standards of professional golf , has earned it the nickname The Greatest Show on Grass and made it one of the most popular events on the PGA Tour calendar ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona', 'summary': "Arizona ( /ˌærɪˈzoʊnə/ ( listen ) ; Navajo : Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation : [ xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò ] ; O'odham : Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation : [ ˡaɺi ˡʂonak ] ) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States . It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states . It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states . Its capital and largest city is Phoenix . Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah , Colorado , and New Mexico ; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest . Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union , achieving statehood on February 14 , 1912 , coinciding with Valentine 's Day . Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain , it became part of independent Mexico in 1821 . After being defeated in the Mexican-American War , Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848 . The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase . Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate , with very hot summers and mild winters . Northern Arizona features forests of pine , Douglas fir , and spruce trees ; the Colorado Plateau ; mountain ranges ( such as the San Francisco Mountains ) ; as well as large , deep canyons , with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls . There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff , Alpine , and Tucson ."}]}, {'value': 'Rod Funseth ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rod_Funseth', 'summary': "James Rodney Rod Funseth ( April 3 , 1933 - September 9 , 1985 ) was an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and the Senior PGA Tour ( now PGA Tour Champions ) . Amiable and low-key but less than confident , Funseth was one of longest hitters and fastest players of his era , but better known for a pessimistic attitude toward his game , He claimed that his I 'll never be able to make that shot mental attitude of lowered expectations helped motivate him to play better . He was especially self-deprecating on his lack of putting prowess ."}]}, {'value': '274 ( −14 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Feb 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tucson Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tucson_Open_Invitational', 'summary': "The Tucson Open was a golf tournament in Arizona on the PGA Tour from 1945 to 2006 , played annually in the winter in Tucson . It was last held at the Omni Tucson National Golf Resort in late February , with a $ 3 million purse and a $ 540,000 winner 's share ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona', 'summary': "Arizona ( /ˌærɪˈzoʊnə/ ( listen ) ; Navajo : Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation : [ xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò ] ; O'odham : Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation : [ ˡaɺi ˡʂonak ] ) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States . It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states . It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states . Its capital and largest city is Phoenix . Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah , Colorado , and New Mexico ; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest . Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union , achieving statehood on February 14 , 1912 , coinciding with Valentine 's Day . Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain , it became part of independent Mexico in 1821 . After being defeated in the Mexican-American War , Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848 . The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase . Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate , with very hot summers and mild winters . Northern Arizona features forests of pine , Douglas fir , and spruce trees ; the Colorado Plateau ; mountain ranges ( such as the San Francisco Mountains ) ; as well as large , deep canyons , with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls . There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff , Alpine , and Tucson ."}]}, {'value': 'Bob Charles ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Charles_(golfer)', 'summary': 'Sir Robert James Charles ONZ KNZM CBE ( born 14 March 1936 ) is a New Zealand professional golfer . His achievements over five decades rank him among the most successful left-handed golfers of all time , being the first lefty to win a golf major , winning more than 70 titles , and beating his age twice during a tournament as a 71-year-old . Although Charles plays golf left-handed , he is naturally right-handed .'}]}, {'value': '271 ( −17 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6,800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mar 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pensacola Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pensacola_Open_Invitational', 'summary': 'This article is about the former PGA Tour event , for information on the former Nationwide Tour event , see Pensacola Classic . The Pensacola Open was a golf tournament on the PGA Tour . The inaugural version of the tournament was played in 1956 and its last edition in 1988 .'}]}, {'value': 'Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida', 'summary': "Florida ( /ˈflɒrɪdə/ ( listen ) , Spanish pronunciation : [ floˈɾiða ] ) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States . The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico , to the northwest by Alabama , to the north by Georgia , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the south by the Straits of Florida . Florida is the 22nd-most extensive ( 65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2 ) , the 3rd-most populous ( 21,477,737 inhabitants ) , and the 8th-most densely populated ( 384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2 ) of the U.S. states . Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . The Miami metropolitan area is Florida 's most populous urban area , with its capital being Tallahassee . Florida 's $ 1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States . If it were a country , Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world , and the 58th most populous as of 2018 [ update ] . In 2017 , Florida 's per capita personal income was $ 47,684 , ranking 26th in the nation . The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States . Florida exports nearly $ 55 billion in goods made in the state , the 8th highest among all states . The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $ 345 billion as of 2017 [ update ] . This is more than twice the number of the next metro area , the Tampa Bay Area , which has a GDP of $ 145 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'Doug Sanders ( 13 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doug_Sanders', 'summary': 'George Douglas Sanders ( born July 24 , 1933 ) is a retired American professional golfer who won 20 events on the PGA Tour and had four runner-up finishes at major championships .'}]}, {'value': '277 ( −11 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mar 14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Doral Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doral_Open_Invitational', 'summary': "The Doral Open was a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour in the southeastern United States . It was played annually for 45 seasons , from 1962 to 2006 , on the Blue Monster course at the Doral Golf Resort & Spa in Doral , Florida , a suburb west of Miami . The introduction of the FedEx Cup in 2007 caused a change in the PGA Tour schedule . The WGC-CA Championship , a World Golf Championship event co-sponsored by the PGA Tour , moved from October to March and took the Doral Open 's spot on the schedule . This championship was also held at the Blue Monster course for the next decade ; it was renamed the WGC-Cadillac Championship in 2011 and continued at Doral through 2016 . The resort was sold in 2012 and became Trump National Doral Miami . The PGA Tour Latinoamérica development tour will host the season-ending Shell Championship in December 2018 on the Golden Palm course to continue the PGA Tour 's tradition of hosting at Doral ."}]}, {'value': 'Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida', 'summary': "Florida ( /ˈflɒrɪdə/ ( listen ) , Spanish pronunciation : [ floˈɾiða ] ) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States . The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico , to the northwest by Alabama , to the north by Georgia , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the south by the Straits of Florida . Florida is the 22nd-most extensive ( 65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2 ) , the 3rd-most populous ( 21,477,737 inhabitants ) , and the 8th-most densely populated ( 384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2 ) of the U.S. states . Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . The Miami metropolitan area is Florida 's most populous urban area , with its capital being Tallahassee . Florida 's $ 1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States . If it were a country , Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world , and the 58th most populous as of 2018 [ update ] . In 2017 , Florida 's per capita personal income was $ 47,684 , ranking 26th in the nation . The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States . Florida exports nearly $ 55 billion in goods made in the state , the 8th highest among all states . The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $ 345 billion as of 2017 [ update ] . This is more than twice the number of the next metro area , the Tampa Bay Area , which has a GDP of $ 145 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'Doug Sanders ( 14 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doug_Sanders', 'summary': 'George Douglas Sanders ( born July 24 , 1933 ) is a retired American professional golfer who won 20 events on the PGA Tour and had four runner-up finishes at major championships .'}]}, {'value': '274 ( −14 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mar 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jacksonville Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jacksonville_Open', 'summary': "The Greater Jacksonville Open was a PGA Tour event that was played from 1945 until 1976 . Shortly after World War II , the Jacksonville Open began play as a PGA Tour event in Jacksonville , Florida until it was discontinued in the mid-1950s . In the mid-1960s , the PGA Tour came to town again . This time the event was initially named the Jacksonville Open again and changed for the 1968 event to the Jacksonville Open Invitational . The name was changed to the Greater Jacksonville Open for the 1969 event . The Greater Jacksonville Open was discontinued after the 1976 tournament when the PGA Tour decided to relocate The Players Championship to Ponte Vedra Beach , Florida . The PGA Tour had been looking for some time for a permanent home for the marquee event which has professional golf 's highest prize fund and is sometimes referred to as the fifth major . The Players Championship had been played at the Atlanta Country Club in Marietta , Georgia in 1974 , the Colonial Country Club in Fort Worth in 1975 and at the Inverrary Country Club in Ft. Lauderdale in 1976 . The Greater Jacksonville Open laid the groundwork and provided much of the infrastructure for the modern Players Championship , which was first played in Ponte Vedra Beach in 1977 ."}]}, {'value': 'Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida', 'summary': "Florida ( /ˈflɒrɪdə/ ( listen ) , Spanish pronunciation : [ floˈɾiða ] ) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States . The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico , to the northwest by Alabama , to the north by Georgia , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the south by the Straits of Florida . Florida is the 22nd-most extensive ( 65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2 ) , the 3rd-most populous ( 21,477,737 inhabitants ) , and the 8th-most densely populated ( 384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2 ) of the U.S. states . Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . The Miami metropolitan area is Florida 's most populous urban area , with its capital being Tallahassee . Florida 's $ 1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States . If it were a country , Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world , and the 58th most populous as of 2018 [ update ] . In 2017 , Florida 's per capita personal income was $ 47,684 , ranking 26th in the nation . The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States . Florida exports nearly $ 55 billion in goods made in the state , the 8th highest among all states . The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $ 345 billion as of 2017 [ update ] . This is more than twice the number of the next metro area , the Tampa Bay Area , which has a GDP of $ 145 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'Bert Weaver ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bert_Weaver', 'summary': 'Herbert Bert Weaver ( born January 13 , 1932 ) was an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and the Senior PGA Tour . A native of Beaumont , Texas , Weaver played collegiate golf at Louisiana State University . Weaver turned professional in 1956 . He had second-place finishes at the 1961 Beaumont Open and the 1962 Carling Open before earning his first PGA Tour victory at the Jacksonville Open on March 21 , 1965 . The event was held at the Selva Marina Country club and was attended by 15,000 people . Weaver collected $ 8,500 for his efforts , and was the first male golfer from Beaumont to win a PGA Tour event . He was in the top 100 money winners upon retiring in 1968 . Weaver played on the Senior PGA Tour from 1982 to 1984 . His best finishes were a pair of T-6 at the 1983 Marlboro Classic and the 1984 du Maurier Champions . In the late 1990s , Weaver worked as an official on the Senior PGA Tour .'}]}, {'value': '285 ( −3 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mar 28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Azalea Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Azalea_Open_Invitational', 'summary': "The Azalea Open Invitational was a golf tournament in North Carolina on the PGA Tour , held at Cape Fear Country Club in Wilmington . Last played in November 1971 as an unofficial event ; it was an official PGA Tour event in 1945 and from 1949 through 1970 . The Heritage in South Carolina debuted in 1969 and soon displaced it on the schedule . It was also played under the names of the Azalea Open and the Wilmington Azalea Open ; all were centerpieces of the city 's Azalea Festival . Cape Fear was designed by noted course architect Donald Ross . From 1950 through 1965 , the Azalea Open was a tune-up event for the first major of the year , The Masters in Augusta , Georgia . Jerry Barber , the winner of the PGA Championship in 1961 , won the Wilmington event three times ( 1953 , 1961 , 1963 ) . Arnold Palmer won in 1957 and nearly repeated , falling by a stroke in an 18-hole playoff in 1958 ; the difference was a penalty stroke he called on himself ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Carolina', 'summary': "North Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the southeastern region of the United States . North Carolina is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the 50 United States . It is bordered by Virginia to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , Georgia and South Carolina to the south , and Tennessee to the west . Raleigh is the state 's capital and Charlotte is its largest city . The Charlotte metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 2,569,213 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina , the 23rd-most populous in the United States , and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City . The Raleigh metropolitan area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state , with an estimated population of 1,362,540 in 2018 , and is home to the largest research park in the United States , Research Triangle Park . North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and is one of the original Thirteen Colonies . North Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles . On November 21 , 1789 , North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution . In the run-up to the American Civil War , North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20 , 1861 , becoming the last of eleven states to join the Confederate States . Following the Civil War , the state was restored to the Union on June 25 , 1868 . On December 17 , 1903 , Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world 's first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier-than-air aircraft at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina 's Outer Banks ."}]}, {'value': 'Dick Hart ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_Hart_(golfer)', 'summary': "Richard Byrd Hart ( October 20 , 1935 - April 10 , 2013 ) was an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour in the 1960s . At the 1963 PGA Championship , Hart led after both 18 and 36 holes ( 66 & 72 ) but faded in the third and fourth rounds ( 76 & 74 ) to finish the tournament at T-17 - his best finish in a major championship . Hart 's one tour victory came at the 1965 Azalea Open Invitational . He defeated Phil Rodgers on the eighth hole of a sudden death playoff . The playoff remains one of the longest in PGA Tour history . A 43-year club pro at Hinsdale Golf Club in Hinsdale , Illinois , Hart was inducted into the Illinois Golf Hall of Fame in 1990 . Hart died in Covington , Louisiana in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '276 ( −12 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3,850', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apr 4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greater Greensboro Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greater_Greensboro_Open', 'summary': 'The Wyndham Championship is a professional golf tournament in North Carolina on the PGA Tour . It is played annually in Greensboro , and was originally the Greater Greensboro Open .'}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Carolina', 'summary': "North Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the southeastern region of the United States . North Carolina is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the 50 United States . It is bordered by Virginia to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , Georgia and South Carolina to the south , and Tennessee to the west . Raleigh is the state 's capital and Charlotte is its largest city . The Charlotte metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 2,569,213 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina , the 23rd-most populous in the United States , and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City . The Raleigh metropolitan area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state , with an estimated population of 1,362,540 in 2018 , and is home to the largest research park in the United States , Research Triangle Park . North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and is one of the original Thirteen Colonies . North Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles . On November 21 , 1789 , North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution . In the run-up to the American Civil War , North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20 , 1861 , becoming the last of eleven states to join the Confederate States . Following the Civil War , the state was restored to the Union on June 25 , 1868 . On December 17 , 1903 , Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world 's first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier-than-air aircraft at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina 's Outer Banks ."}]}, {'value': 'Sam Snead ( 82 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sam_Snead', 'summary': "Samuel Jackson Snead ( pronounced [ sni : d ] ; May 27 , 1912 - May 23 , 2002 ) was an American professional golfer who was one of the top players in the world for the better part of four decades ( having won PGA of America and Senior PGA Tour events over six decades ) and widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time . Snead was awarded a record 94 gold medallions , for wins in PGA of America ( referred to by most as the PGA ) Tour events and later credited with winning a record 82 PGA Tour events , including seven majors . He never won the U.S. Open , though he was runner-up four times . Snead was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1974 . Snead 's nicknames included The Slammer , Slammin ' Sammy Snead , and The Long Ball Hitter from West Virginia , and he was admired by many for having a perfect swing , which generated many imitators . Snead was famed for his folksy image , wearing a straw hat , and making such statements as Keep close count of your nickels and dimes , stay away from whiskey , and never concede a putt . and There are no short hitters on the tour anymore , just long and unbelievably long . Fellow West Virginia Golf Hall of Fame Inductee Bill Campbell has said of Snead , He was the best natural player ever . He had the eye of an eagle , the grace of a leopard and the strength of a lion . Gary Player once said that , I do n't think there 's any question in my mind that Sam Snead had the greatest golf swing of any human being that ever lived . Jack Nicklaus said that Snead 's swing was , so perfect ."}]}, {'value': '273 ( −11 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apr 11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Masters Tournament', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1965_Masters_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1965 Masters Tournament was the 29th Masters Tournament , held April 8-11 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Jack Nicklaus , age 25 , won the second of his six Masters titles with a score of 271 ( −17 ) , at the time a tournament record , three strokes better than Ben Hogan 's 274 in 1953 . It was equaled in 1976 by Raymond Floyd and surpassed in 1997 by Tiger Woods ' 270 ( −18 ) . Nicklaus ' winning margin of nine strokes also stood until 1997 , when Woods was victorious by twelve strokes to win his first green jacket . It was the fourth of a record 18 major titles won by Nicklaus in his career . The Big Three ( Nicklaus , Arnold Palmer , and Gary Player ) were tied for the lead after 36 holes at 138 ( −6 ) , but Nicklaus shot a 64 ( −8 ) on Saturday to post a 202 ( −14 ) , a gain of five shots on Player and eight on Palmer . Nicklaus ' round tied the course record set by Lloyd Mangrum in the first round in 1940 ; it was lowered to 63 by Nick Price in the third round in 1986 . Nicklaus totally over-powered the Augusta National course , hitting short-irons into most of the par four holes and mid-irons into many of the par five holes , especially during his record-tying third round 64 . After the tournament was over , when asked about Nicklaus ' performance that week Bobby Jones said , He plays a game with which I am not familiar . Byron Nelson , age 53 , tied for fifteenth place , the last cut made at Augusta by the two-time champion . Art Wall , Jr. won the sixth Par 3 contest with a score of 20 ."}]}, {'value': 'Georgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)', 'summary': "Georgia ( /ˈdʒɔːrdʒə/ ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Georgia is the 24th largest in area and 8th-most populous of the 50 United States . Georgia is bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina , to the northeast by South Carolina , to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , to the south by Florida , and to the west by Alabama . Its 2019 estimated population was 10,617,423 , according to the U.S. Census Bureau . Atlanta , a beta ( + ) global city , is both the state 's capital and its largest city . The Atlanta metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 5.9 million people in 2018 , is the 9th most populous metropolitan area in the United States and contains about 56% of the entire state population . Founded in 1733 as a British colony , Georgia was the last and southernmost of the original Thirteen Colonies to be established . Named after King George II of Great Britain , the Colony of Georgia covered the area from South Carolina south to Spanish Florida and west to French Louisiana at the Mississippi River . On January 2 , 1788 , Georgia became the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution . From 1802 to 1804 , western Georgia was split to form the Mississippi Territory , which later was admitted as the U.S. states of Alabama and Mississippi . Georgia declared its secession from the Union on January 19 , 1861 , and was one of the original seven Confederate States . Following the Civil War , it was the last state to be restored to the Union , on July 15 , 1870 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jack Nicklaus ( 13 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_Nicklaus', 'summary': "Jack William Nicklaus ( born January 21 , 1940 ) , nicknamed The Golden Bear , is an American retired professional golfer . He is widely considered to be one of the greatest golfers of all time . Over a quarter-century , he won a record 18 major championships , three more than second-placed Tiger Woods . Nicklaus focused on the major championships - Masters Tournament , U.S. Open , Open Championship and PGA Championship - and played a selective schedule of regular PGA Tour events . He competed in 164 major tournaments , more than any other player , and finished with 73 PGA Tour victories , third behind Sam Snead ( 82 ) and Woods ( 82 ) . Nicklaus won the U.S . Amateur in 1959 and 1961 and finished second in the 1960 U.S. Open , two shots behind Arnold Palmer . Nicklaus turned professional at age 21 toward the end of 1961 . He earned his first professional victory at the 1962 U.S. Open , defeating Palmer by three shots in a next-day 18-hole playoff and launching a rivalry between golf superstars . In 1966 , Nicklaus became the first player to win the Masters Tournament two years running ; he also won The Open Championship , becoming at age 26 the youngest player to win all four golf majors . He won another Open Championship in 1970 . Between 1971 and 1980 , he won nine more major championships , overtook Bobby Jones ' record of 13 majors , and became the first player to complete double and triple career grand slams ."}]}, {'value': '271 ( −17 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apr 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Houston Classic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houston_Classic', 'summary': "The Houston Open is a professional golf tournament in Texas on the PGA Tour , played in early October . As a part of a restructuring of the schedule , the event moved to the fall in 2019 . Because the tour year starts the previous fall , the event will not be a part of the 2019 PGA Tour , but will be one of the first events of the 2020 PGA Tour . It is held at the Golf Club of Houston ( formerly named Redstone Golf Club ) in unincorparted Harris County near Humble , northeast of Houston . The purse was $ 7 million in 2017 , with a winner 's share of $ 1.26 million ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas', 'summary': "Texas ( /ˈtɛksəs/ , locally /ˈtɛksɪz/ ; Spanish : Texas or Tejas , pronounced [ ˈtexas ] ( listen ) ) is the second largest state in the United States by area ( after Alaska ) and population ( after California ) . Located in the South Central region , Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east , Arkansas to the northeast , Oklahoma to the north , New Mexico to the west , and the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Nuevo León , and Tamaulipas to the southwest , and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast . Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S. , while San Antonio is the second-most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas-Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country , respectively . Other major cities include Austin , the second-most populous state capital in the U.S. , and El Paso . Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State for its former status as an independent republic , and as a reminder of the state 's struggle for independence from Mexico . The Lone Star can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal . The origin of Texas 's name is from the word taysha , which means friends in the Caddo language . Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault , Texas contains diverse landscapes common to both the U.S. Southern and Southwestern regions . Although Texas is popularly associated with the U.S. southwestern deserts , less than 10% of Texas 's land area is desert . Most of the population centers are in areas of former prairies , grasslands , forests , and the coastline . Traveling from east to west , one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods , to rolling plains and rugged hills , and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend . The term six flags over Texas [ note 1 ] refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory ."}]}, {'value': 'Bobby Nichols ( 6 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobby_Nichols', 'summary': 'Robert Herman Nichols ( born April 14 , 1936 ) is an American professional golfer , best known for winning the PGA Championship in 1964 .'}]}, {'value': '273 ( −11 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apr 25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_Open_Invitational', 'summary': 'The Valero Texas Open is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour , played near San Antonio , Texas . It dates back 98 years to 1922 , when it was first called the Texas Open ; San Antonio-based Valero Energy Corporation took over naming rights in 2002 . It is played at The Oaks Course at the TPC San Antonio , northeast of the city . The Valero Energy Foundation is the host organization for the Valero Texas Open . The event is currently managed by Wasserman Media Group . In 2003 , it was the site of the 72-hole PGA Tour scoring record of 254 , shot by Tommy Armour III . Many big-name players have won this tournament , including Sam Snead , Ben Hogan , and Arnold Palmer , who won it three years in a row . It has always been considered a tournament where it is relatively easy to shoot low scores . Since 1934 , every tournament winner has finished with a score under-par . It has always been played in San Antonio area , and is the sixth oldest professional golf tournament worldwide , the third oldest on the PGA Tour and the longest held in the same city . From its inception until 1940 , it was held at Brackenridge Park Golf Course , with the exception of 1927-1928 , when it was played at Willow Springs Golf Course . After the event left Brackenridge Park , it returned to Willow Springs ( 1941-1949 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas', 'summary': "Texas ( /ˈtɛksəs/ , locally /ˈtɛksɪz/ ; Spanish : Texas or Tejas , pronounced [ ˈtexas ] ( listen ) ) is the second largest state in the United States by area ( after Alaska ) and population ( after California ) . Located in the South Central region , Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east , Arkansas to the northeast , Oklahoma to the north , New Mexico to the west , and the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Nuevo León , and Tamaulipas to the southwest , and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast . Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S. , while San Antonio is the second-most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas-Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country , respectively . Other major cities include Austin , the second-most populous state capital in the U.S. , and El Paso . Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State for its former status as an independent republic , and as a reminder of the state 's struggle for independence from Mexico . The Lone Star can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal . The origin of Texas 's name is from the word taysha , which means friends in the Caddo language . Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault , Texas contains diverse landscapes common to both the U.S. Southern and Southwestern regions . Although Texas is popularly associated with the U.S. southwestern deserts , less than 10% of Texas 's land area is desert . Most of the population centers are in areas of former prairies , grasslands , forests , and the coastline . Traveling from east to west , one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods , to rolling plains and rugged hills , and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend . The term six flags over Texas [ note 1 ] refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory ."}]}, {'value': 'Frank Beard ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Beard_(golfer)', 'summary': 'Joseph Franklin Beard ( born May 1 , 1939 ) is an American former professional golfer who was a member of the PGA Tour and Champions Tour . Beard won eleven PGA Tour events .'}]}, {'value': '270 ( −10 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tournament of Champions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tournament_of_Champions_(PGA_Tour)', 'summary': "The Sentry Tournament of Champions is the calendar-year opening tournament of golf 's PGA Tour season , played in Hawaii on the island of Maui . The tournament was founded in 1953 ; its field is restricted to golfers who won a tournament on the tour during the previous calendar year . From 1986 through 2013 , it was the opening event of each tour season ; the PGA Tour switched to its wrap-around season ( starting season in September and ending in August ) in the fall of 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nevada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nevada', 'summary': "Nevada ( /nɪˈvædə/ or /nɪˈvɑːdə/ ) is a state in the Western United States . It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest , Idaho to the northeast , California to the west , Arizona to the southeast , and Utah to the east . Nevada is the 7th most extensive , the 32nd most populous , and the 9th least densely populated of the U.S. states . Nearly three-quarters of Nevada 's people live in Clark County , which contains the Las Vegas-Paradise metropolitan area , including three of the state 's four largest incorporated cities . Nevada 's capital is Carson City . Nevada is officially known as the Silver State because of the importance of silver to its history and economy . It is also known as the Battle Born State because it achieved statehood during the Civil War ( the words Battle Born also appear on the state flag ) ; as the Sagebrush State , for the native plant of the same name ; and as the Sage-hen State . Nevada is largely desert and semi-arid , much of it within the Great Basin . Areas south of the Great Basin are within the Mojave Desert , while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada lie on the western edge . About 86% of the state 's land is managed by various jurisdictions of the U.S. federal government , both civilian and military . Before European contact , American Indians of the Paiute , Shoshone , and Washoe tribes inhabited the land that is now Nevada . The first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish ."}]}, {'value': 'Arnold Palmer ( 45 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arnold_Palmer', 'summary': "Arnold Daniel Palmer ( September 10 , 1929 - September 25 , 2016 ) was an American professional golfer who is generally regarded as one of the greatest and most charismatic players in the sport 's history . Dating back to 1955 , he won numerous events on both the PGA Tour and the circuit now known as PGA Tour Champions . Nicknamed The King , he was one of golf 's most popular stars and seen as a trailblazer , the first superstar of the sport 's television age , which began in the 1950s . Palmer 's social impact on behalf of golf was perhaps unrivaled among fellow professionals ; his humble background and plain-spoken popularity helped change the perception of golf from an elite , upper-class pastime ( private clubs ) to a more populist sport accessible to middle and working classes ( public courses ) . Palmer , Jack Nicklaus , and Gary Player were The Big Three in golf during the 1960s ; they are widely credited with popularizing and commercializing the sport around the world . In a career spanning more than six decades , he won 62 PGA Tour titles from 1955 to 1973 . He is fifth on the Tour 's all-time victory list , trailing only Tiger Woods , Sam Snead , Jack Nicklaus , and Ben Hogan . He won seven major titles in a six-plus-year domination from the 1958 Masters to the 1964 Masters . He also won the PGA Tour Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998 , and in 1974 was one of the 13 original inductees into the World Golf Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': '277 ( −11 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colonial National Invitation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonial_National_Invitation', 'summary': 'The Charles Schwab Challenge is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour , played annually in May in Fort Worth , Texas at Colonial Country Club , which organizes the event . It is one of five invitational tournaments on the PGA Tour ; the inaugural event was held 74 years ago in 1946 .'}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas', 'summary': "Texas ( /ˈtɛksəs/ , locally /ˈtɛksɪz/ ; Spanish : Texas or Tejas , pronounced [ ˈtexas ] ( listen ) ) is the second largest state in the United States by area ( after Alaska ) and population ( after California ) . Located in the South Central region , Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east , Arkansas to the northeast , Oklahoma to the north , New Mexico to the west , and the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Nuevo León , and Tamaulipas to the southwest , and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast . Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S. , while San Antonio is the second-most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas-Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country , respectively . Other major cities include Austin , the second-most populous state capital in the U.S. , and El Paso . Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State for its former status as an independent republic , and as a reminder of the state 's struggle for independence from Mexico . The Lone Star can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal . The origin of Texas 's name is from the word taysha , which means friends in the Caddo language . Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault , Texas contains diverse landscapes common to both the U.S. Southern and Southwestern regions . Although Texas is popularly associated with the U.S. southwestern deserts , less than 10% of Texas 's land area is desert . Most of the population centers are in areas of former prairies , grasslands , forests , and the coastline . Traveling from east to west , one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods , to rolling plains and rugged hills , and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend . The term six flags over Texas [ note 1 ] refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory ."}]}, {'value': 'Bruce Crampton ( 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Crampton', 'summary': "Bruce Crampton ( born 28 September 1935 ) is an Australian professional golfer . Crampton was born in Sydney , New South Wales , and attended Kogarah High School in 1948-1950 . He turned professional in 1953 . He won the Vardon Trophy for the player with the lowest stroke average on the PGA Tour in 1973 and 1975 . He had 14 career wins on the PGA Tour between 1961 and 1975 and was runner up in four major championships - one Masters , one U.S. Open , and two PGA Championships - all to Jack Nicklaus . He was ranked among the top five golfers in the world in both 1972 and 1973 , according to Mark McCormack 's world golf rankings . His other regular career victories included the Australian Open , New Zealand PGA Championship , Far East Open and the Philippine Open . As a senior , he won 20 times on the Champions Tour , and topped the money list in 1986 , but he did not win a senior major . Crampton was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': '276 ( −4 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greater New Orleans Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greater_New_Orleans_Open_Invitational', 'summary': "The Zurich Classic of New Orleans is a professional golf tournament in Louisiana on the PGA Tour , played in Avondale . Dating back 82 years ago to 1938 and held annually since 1958 , it is commonly played in early to mid-spring . Zurich Insurance Group is the main sponsor , and it is organized by the Fore ! Kids Foundation . The purse was $ 7.0 million in 2016 , with a winner 's share of $ 1.26 million . First prize reached five figures in 1965 , six figures in 1988 , and passed the million dollar mark in 2006 . In 2017 , the Zurich Classic became a team event , with eighty teams of two . One member of each team is initially chosen via the Tour priority rankings , and his partner must be either a PGA Tour member or earn entry through a sponsor exemption . The stroke play format was alternate shot ( foursome ) in the first and third rounds and better ball ( fourball ) for the second and fourth rounds . The cut line is 35 teams , plus ties . The winners earn 400 FedEx Cup points and two-year exemptions , but will not receive Masters invitations and no world ranking points are awarded for the event . In 2018 , the format switched to fourball for the first and third rounds and alternate shot for the second and fourth rounds ."}]}, {'value': 'Louisiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana', 'summary': "Louisiana ( /luˌiːziˈænə/ ( listen ) , /ˌluːzi-/ ( listen ) ) [ a ] is a state in the Deep South region of the South Central United States . It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States . Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west , Arkansas to the north , Mississippi to the east , and the Gulf of Mexico to the south . A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River . Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes , which are equivalent to counties . The state 's capital is Baton Rouge , and its largest city is New Orleans . Much of the state 's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River , leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp . [ self-published source ] These contain a rich southern biota ; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets . There are also many species of tree frogs , and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish . In more elevated areas , fire is a natural process in the landscape and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas . These support an exceptionally large number of plant species , including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants . Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state , including four that are federally recognized , ten that are state recognized , and four that have not received recognition ."}]}, {'value': 'Dick Mayer ( 7 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_Mayer', 'summary': "Alvin Richard Mayer ( August 28 , 1924 - June 2 , 1989 ) was an American professional golfer . Mayer was born in Stamford , Connecticut . He apprenticed with renowned player and teacher Claude Harmon at the Winged Foot Golf Club in suburban New York City . Mayer won seven times on the PGA Tour , between 1953 and 1965 . Mayer almost won the 1954 U.S. Open , but a triple bogey on the final hole left him tied for third , two shots back , as Ed Furgol won . Mayer 's career year was 1957 , when he finished the regulation 72 holes of the U.S. Open at Inverness Club tied with defending champion Cary Middlecoff . He won the 18-hole playoff 72 to 79 , and his prize was $ 7,200 . He later won $ 50,000 at the World Championship of Golf , topped the PGA Tour money list with winnings of $ 65,835 , and won the PGA Player of the Year award . He also played on the 1957 Ryder Cup team . Mayer battled alcoholism , which kept him from winning more often on the Tour . Mayer died at age 64 in Palm Springs , California ."}]}, {'value': '273 ( −15 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Memphis Open Invitational', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Memphis_Open_Invitational', 'summary': "The FedEx St. Jude Classic was a professional golf tournament held in Memphis , Tennessee as a regular event on the PGA Tour . The tournament was held annually from 1958 through 2018 , and was played in June at TPC Southwind ( since 1989 ) . In 2019 , FedEx took over sponsorship of the WGC Invitational and relocated the tournament to Memphis in late July . The relocated WGC event continues the charitable relationship with St. Jude Children 's Research Hospital . The new name for the relocated event is the WGC-FedEx St. Jude Invitational"}]}, {'value': 'Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee', 'summary': "Tennessee ( /ˌtɛnəˈsiː/ ( listen ) , locally /ˈtɛnəsi/ ; Cherokee : ᏔᎾᏏ , romanized : Tanasi ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States . Tennessee is bordered by eight states , with Kentucky to the north , Virginia to the northeast , North Carolina to the east , Georgia , Alabama , and Mississippi to the south , Arkansas to the west , and Missouri to the northwest . The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state , and the Mississippi River forms the state 's western border . Nashville is the state 's capital and largest city , with a 2017 population of 667,560 and a 2017 metro population of 1,903,045 . Tennessee 's second largest city is Memphis , which had a population of 652,236 in 2017 . The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association , a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians . What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina , and later part of the Southwest Territory . Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1 , 1796 . Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 . Occupied by Union forces from 1862 , it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war . Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia , and more soldiers for the Union Army than the rest of the Confederacy combined ."}]}, {'value': 'Jack Nicklaus ( 14 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_Nicklaus', 'summary': "Jack William Nicklaus ( born January 21 , 1940 ) , nicknamed The Golden Bear , is an American retired professional golfer . He is widely considered to be one of the greatest golfers of all time . Over a quarter-century , he won a record 18 major championships , three more than second-placed Tiger Woods . Nicklaus focused on the major championships - Masters Tournament , U.S. Open , Open Championship and PGA Championship - and played a selective schedule of regular PGA Tour events . He competed in 164 major tournaments , more than any other player , and finished with 73 PGA Tour victories , third behind Sam Snead ( 82 ) and Woods ( 82 ) . Nicklaus won the U.S . Amateur in 1959 and 1961 and finished second in the 1960 U.S. Open , two shots behind Arnold Palmer . Nicklaus turned professional at age 21 toward the end of 1961 . He earned his first professional victory at the 1962 U.S. Open , defeating Palmer by three shots in a next-day 18-hole playoff and launching a rivalry between golf superstars . In 1966 , Nicklaus became the first player to win the Masters Tournament two years running ; he also won The Open Championship , becoming at age 26 the youngest player to win all four golf majors . He won another Open Championship in 1970 . Between 1971 and 1980 , he won nine more major championships , overtook Bobby Jones ' record of 13 majors , and became the first player to complete double and triple career grand slams ."}]}, {'value': '271 ( −9 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 30', 'urls': []}, {'value': '500 Festival Open Invitation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/500_Festival_Open_Invitation', 'summary': 'The 500 Festival Open Invitation was a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour , played during the 1960s in Indianapolis , Indiana . It was sponsored by The 500 Festival , a not-for-profit volunteer organization created in 1957 to organize civic events to promote the Indianapolis 500 . The tournament was played at the Speedway Golf Course , located in the Indianapolis Motor Speedway complex ; the exception was in 1965 , when it was played at Greentree Country Club while the Speedway was undergoing renovations .'}]}, {'value': 'Indiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana', 'summary': "Indiana /ˌɪndiˈænə/ ( listen ) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America . Indiana is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis . Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11 , 1816 . Indiana borders Lake Michigan to the northwest , Michigan to the north , Ohio to the east , Kentucky to the south and southeast , and Illinois to the west . Before becoming a territory , various indigenous peoples and Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years . Since its founding as a territory , settlement patterns in Indiana have reflected regional cultural segmentation present in the Eastern United States ; the state 's northernmost tier was settled primarily by people from New England and New York , Central Indiana by migrants from the Mid-Atlantic states and from adjacent Ohio , and Southern Indiana by settlers from the Southern states , particularly Kentucky and Tennessee . Indiana has a diverse economy with a gross state product of $ 359.12 billion in 2017 . Indiana has several metropolitan areas with populations greater than 100,000 and a number of smaller industrial cities and towns . Indiana is home to professional sports teams , including the NFL 's Indianapolis Colts and the NBA 's Indiana Pacers , and hosts several notable athletic events , including the Indianapolis 500 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bruce Crampton ( 6 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Crampton', 'summary': "Bruce Crampton ( born 28 September 1935 ) is an Australian professional golfer . Crampton was born in Sydney , New South Wales , and attended Kogarah High School in 1948-1950 . He turned professional in 1953 . He won the Vardon Trophy for the player with the lowest stroke average on the PGA Tour in 1973 and 1975 . He had 14 career wins on the PGA Tour between 1961 and 1975 and was runner up in four major championships - one Masters , one U.S. Open , and two PGA Championships - all to Jack Nicklaus . He was ranked among the top five golfers in the world in both 1972 and 1973 , according to Mark McCormack 's world golf rankings . His other regular career victories included the Australian Open , New Zealand PGA Championship , Far East Open and the Philippine Open . As a senior , he won 20 times on the Champions Tour , and topped the money list in 1986 , but he did not win a senior major . Crampton was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': '279 ( −5 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15,200', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Tournament results', 'section_text': "The following table shows all the official money events for the 1965 season . `` Date '' is the ending date of the tournament . The numbers in parentheses after the winners ' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event . Majors are shown in bold .", 'uid': '1965_PGA_Tour_0', 'intro': 'The 1965 PGA Tour season was played from January 8 to November 28. The season consisted of 40 official money events. Jack Nicklaus won the most tournaments, five, and there were six first-time winners. Jack Nicklaus was the leading money winner with earnings of $140,752. Dave Marr was voted the PGA Player of the Year and Billy Casper won the Vardon Trophy for the lowest scoring average.'}	null	null	Whose holiday is the same day as the day the state which hosts the Tucson Open Invitational was added to the Union ?	Valentine 's
09d6bcc21410f650	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States_by_call_sign_(initial_letter_K)', 'title': 'List of television stations in the United States by call sign (initial letter K)', 'header': ['Call letters', 'Channel', 'Network ( s )', 'City and state', 'Meaning or notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'KJJC-TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KJJC-TV', 'summary': "KJJC-TV , virtual channel 16 ( UHF digital channel 17 ) , is a MeTV-affiliated television station in Great Falls , Montana , United States . The station is owned by KTGF License Corporation . KJJC 's transmitter is located on 47th Avenue SW in unincorporated Cascade County , near the Great Falls International Airport . The station 's programming is also seen on low-power translators KJJC-LD ( channel 7 ) and KJCX-LD ( channel 34 ) in Helena ."}]}, {'value': '17 PSIP 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16.1 MeTV 16.2 JUCE TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MeTV', 'summary': "MeTV ( an acronym for Memorable Entertainment Television ) is an American broadcast television network that is owned by Weigel Broadcasting . Marketed as The Definitive Destination for Classic TV , the network airs a variety of classic television programs from the 1950s through the early 1990s , which are obtained primarily from the libraries of CBS Television Distribution and 20th Television . Through its ownership by Weigel , MeTV is sister to four other networks that source their programming content from the network 's distributors : rerun-focused networks Heroes & Icons and Decades ( the latter operated as a joint venture with CBS Television Stations ) , the film-focused Movies ! ( a joint venture with Fox Television Stations ) and the drama-focused Start TV . MeTV is carried on digital subchannels of affiliated television stations in most markets ; however , some MeTV-affiliated stations carry the network as a primary affiliation on their main channel , and a small number of stations air select programs from the network alongside their regular general entertainment schedules , with a few carrying the network in high definition . The network is also available nationwide on free-to- air C band satellite via SES-1 in the DVB-S format , and in some markets on AT & T U-verse channels 136 ( in standard definition ) and 1136 ( in high definition ) , and cable television through cable TV providers . MeTV 's operations are located in Weigel Broadcasting 's corporate headquarters on North Halsted Street in Chicago , Illinois . Shows currently broadcast on this channel include MAS*H , The Andy Griffith Show , Perry Mason , Gunsmoke , Hogan 's Heroes , The Flintstones , and others ."}, {'url': '/wiki/JUCE_TV', 'summary': "Positiv ( stylized as POSITiV ) is a Christian television network owned and operated by the Trinity Broadcasting Network . Formerly as a youth-focused network in the past , it was aimed at teenagers and young adults between the ages of 13 and 30 years , and a format similar to MTV and MTVU , airing Christian music videos , and original content such as Christian-themed entertainment and lifestyle programming , along with some church services . In its current form , it mainly consists of a lineup of all Christian films , varying between smaller industry productions and major Hollywood studio productions . Positiv is carried over-the-air on digital subchannels of TBN owned-and-operated and affiliated stations nationwide , usually on that station 's fifth subchannel . Positiv is also available on pay television providers as well as on select digital streaming platforms that offer TBN 's six U.S. networks . The network is also currently available through various cable providers nationwide as well as across North and Central America on Glorystar through the Ku band Galaxy 19 satellite and on C-Band Galaxy 14 satellite . Positiv and other TBN-owned networks are broadcast internationally free-to-air via satellites such as ABS1 to India and Middle East on Ku band , Intelsat 701 and DTH to Australia and New Zealand on Optus B3 and also to Europe , North Africa and the Middle East via Eutelsat ( Hotbird 13°E ) and Agila 2 satellite ( both C-band and Ku band signal ) in Asia and the Philippines . The network is only live-streamed on its own desktop website , and not any of TBN 's mobile web presences , likely due to contractual restrictions with the studios providing content to Positiv ."}]}, {'value': 'Great Falls , Montana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Great_Falls,_Montana', 'summary': "Great Falls is a city in and the county seat of Cascade County , Montana , United States . The 2017 census estimate put the population at 58,638 . The population was 58,505 at the 2010 census . It is the principal city of the Great Falls , Montana Metropolitan Statistical Area , which encompasses all of Cascade County and has a population of 82,278 . Great Falls was the largest city in Montana from 1950 to 1970 , when Billings surpassed it . Great Falls remained the second largest city in Montana until 2000 , when it was passed by Missoula . Since then Great Falls has been the third largest city in the state . Great Falls takes its name from the series of five waterfalls in close proximity along the upper Missouri River basin that the Lewis and Clark Expedition had to portage around over a ten-mile stretch ; the effort required 31 days of arduous labor during the westward leg of their 1805-06 exploration of the Louisiana Purchase and to the Pacific Northwest Coast of the Oregon Country . Each falls sports a hydroelectric dam today , hence Great Falls is nicknamed the Electric City . Currently there are two undeveloped parts of their portage route ; these are included within the Great Falls Portage , a National Historic Landmark . The city is home to the C. M. Russell Museum Complex , the University of Providence , Great Falls College Montana State University , Giant Springs , the Roe River ( which is claimed to be the world 's shortest river ) , the Montana School for the Deaf and the Blind , the Great Falls Voyagers minor league baseball team , and is adjacent to Malmstrom Air Force Base . The local newspaper is the Great Falls Tribune ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KJLA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KJLA', 'summary': "KJLA , virtual channel 57 ( UHF digital channel 30 ) , is an Azteca América-affiliated television station serving Los Angeles , California , United States that is licensed to Ventura . The station is owned by Costa de Oro Media , LLC , under the operation of Entravision Communications ' chief executive officer Walter Ulloa ( whose brother , Ronald Ulloa , owns Rancho Palos Verdes-licensed ethnic independent station KXLA ( channel 44 ) and Twentynine Palms-licensed KVMD ( channel 31 ) ) . KJLA 's studios are located on Corinth Avenue ( near Interstate 405 ) in West Los Angeles , and its transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson . KJLA operates two low-power repeater stations : KLFA-LD ( channel 25 ) in Santa Maria and KFUL-LD ( channel 44 ) in San Luis Obispo ( both are part of the Santa Barbara market ) . In addition to carrying Spanish-language programming on its main channel , the station also carries various networks broadcasting in Vietnamese and Mandarin on separate digital subchannels ."}]}, {'value': '49 PSIP 57', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LATV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LATV', 'summary': 'LATV ( Spanish pronunciation : [ la´teβe ] ; originally pronounced on-air as from 2007 to 2014 and , since 2014 , serving as a backronym for its on-air slogan , Latino Alternative Television ) is an American bilingual broadcast television network that is owned by LATV Networks , LLC . The network primarily carries a mix of original and imported music , talk and variety series aimed at Hispanic and Latino American teenagers and young adults between the ages of 13 and 35 . From early on , LATV has characterized itself for featuring Latin Alternative musicians such as La Ley , Zayra Alvarez , Jaguares , Julieta Venegas , Enrique Bunbury , Ely Guerra , and Aterciopelados on its shows . The network is available in many markets via the digital subchannels of broadcast television stations and on select cable providers throughout the United States and Puerto Rico through a local affiliate of the network ( via a basic programming tier for main channel affiliates , and digital tiers for subchannel-only affiliates ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Ventura , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ventura,_California', 'summary': 'Ventura , officially the City of San Buenaventura , is the county seat of Ventura County , California , United States . The coastal site , set against undeveloped hills and flanked by two free-flowing rivers , has been inhabited for thousands of years . European explorers encountered a Chumash village , referred to as Shisholop , here while traveling along the Pacific coast . They witnessed the ocean navigation skill of the native people and their use of the abundant local resources from sea and land . ( p36 ) The eponymous Mission San Buenaventura was founded nearby in 1782 where it benefitted from the water of the Ventura River . The town grew around the mission compound and incorporated in 1866 . The development of nearby oil fields in the 1920s and the age of automobile travel created a major real estate boom during which many designated landmark buildings were constructed . The mission and these buildings are at the center of a downtown that has become a cultural , retail , and residential district and visitor destination . Ventura lies between Los Angeles and Santa Barbara along U.S. Route 101 , which was one of the original U.S . Routes . The highway is now known as the Ventura Freeway , but the original route through the town along Main Street has been designated El Camino Real , the historic pathway connecting the California missions . During the post-World War II economic expansion , the community grew easterly , building detached single-family homes over the rich agricultural land created by the Santa Clara River at the edge of the Oxnard Plain .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KJNP-TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KJNP-TV', 'summary': 'KJNP-TV , virtual channel 4 ( UHF digital channel 20 ) , is a TBN-affiliated television station serving Fairbanks , Alaska , United States that is licensed to the small city of North Pole , Alaska . Owned by the Evangelistic Alaska Missionary Fellowship , the station maintains studios and transmitter facilities near Mission Road on the northeast side of North Pole .'}]}, {'value': '20 PSIP/cable 4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network', 'summary': "The Trinity Broadcasting Network ( TBN ) is an international Christian-based broadcast television network and the world 's largest religious television network . TBN was headquartered in Costa Mesa , California until March 3 , 2017 when it sold its highly visible office park . The broadcaster will retain its Tustin , California facilities . Auxiliary studio facilities are located in Irving , Texas ; Hendersonville , Tennessee ; Gadsden , Alabama ; Decatur , Georgia ; Miami , Florida ; Tulsa , Oklahoma ; Orlando , Florida ; and New York City . TBN broadcasts programs hosted by a diverse group of ministries from Evangelical , traditional Protestant and Catholic denominations , non-profit charities , Messianic Jewish and Christian media personalities . TBN also offers a wide range of original programming , and faith-based films from various distributors . TBN owns and operates six broadcast networks , each reaching separate demographics ; in addition to the main TBN network , TBN owns Hillsong Channel , Smile , TBN Enlace , TBN Salsa and JUCE TV . It also owns several other religious networks outside the United States , including international versions of its five U.S. networks . Matt Crouch currently serves as TBN 's president and head of operations ."}]}, {'value': 'North Pole , Alaska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Pole,_Alaska', 'summary': "North Pole is a small city in the Fairbanks North Star Borough , Alaska , United States . It is part of the Fairbanks metropolitan statistical area . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city had a population of 2,117 , up from 1,570 in 2000 . Despite its name , the city is about 1,700 miles ( 2,700 km ) south of Earth 's geographic North Pole and 125 miles ( 200 km ) south of the Arctic Circle ."}]}, {'value': 'J N orth P ole', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KJRE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KJRE', 'summary': 'Prairie Public Television is a state network of public television stations operated primarily by Prairie Public Broadcasting . It comprises all of the PBS member stations in the U.S. state of North Dakota . The state network is available via flagship station KFME in Fargo and eight satellite stations covering all of North Dakota , plus portions of Minnesota , Montana , and South Dakota . It also has substantial viewership in portions of the Canadian provinces of Manitoba , Saskatchewan and Ontario . PPT is also available on most satellite and cable television outlets serving North Dakota . Prairie Public Television is headquartered on 5th Street North in Fargo , with a satellite studio on North 15th Street in Bismarck .'}]}, {'value': '20 PSIP 19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PBS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service', 'summary': "The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor . It is a nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educational television programming to public television stations in the United States , distributing series such as American Experience , America 's Test Kitchen , Antiques Roadshow , Arthur , Barney & Friends , Clifford the Big Red Dog , Downton Abbey , Finding Your Roots , Frontline , The Magic School Bus , Masterpiece , Mister Rogers ' Neighborhood , Nature , Nova , the PBS NewsHour , Reading Rainbow , Sesame Street , Teletubbies , and This Old House . PBS is funded by a combination of member station dues , the Corporation for Public Broadcasting , National Datacast , pledge drives , and donations from both private foundations and individual citizens . All proposed funding for programming is subject to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source . Since the mid-2000s , Roper Opinion Research polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States . A 2016-2017 study by Nielsen Media Research found 80% of all US television households view the network 's programs over the course of a year . However , PBS is not responsible for all programming carried on public television stations , a large proportion of which may come from its member stations , including WGBH-TV , WETA-TV , WNET , WTTW , WHYY-TV , Twin Cities PBS , American Public Television , and independent producers . This distinction regarding the origin of different programs on the service present a frequent source of viewer confusion . PBS has more than 350 member television stations , many owned by educational institutions , nonprofit groups both independent or affiliated with one particular local public school district or collegiate educational institution , or entities owned by or related to state government ."}]}, {'value': 'Ellendale , North Dakota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ellendale,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Ellendale is a city in Dickey County , North Dakota , United States . It is the county seat of Dickey County . The population was 1,394 at the 2010 census . Ellendale was founded in 1882 . Ellendale is the home of Trinity Bible College , located on the former campus of the North Dakota State Normal and Industrial School and the Ellendale Opera House currently under renovation .'}]}, {'value': 'J ames R iver Educational', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KJRH-TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KJRH-TV', 'summary': "KJRH-TV , virtual channel 2 ( VHF digital channel 8 ) , is an NBC-affiliated television station licensed to Tulsa , Oklahoma , United States . The station is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company . KJRH-TV 's studios are located on South Peoria Avenue and East 37th Street in the Brookside district of midtown Tulsa , and its transmitter is located near South 273rd Avenue East and the Muskogee Turnpike ( near Broken Arrow ) in southeastern Tulsa County . On cable , the station is available on Cox Communications channel 2 ."}]}, {'value': '8 PSIP/cable 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NBC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NBC', 'summary': "The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) is an American English-language commercial terrestrial radio and television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal , a subsidiary of Comcast . The network is headquartered at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City , with additional major offices near Los Angeles ( at 10 Universal City Plaza ) , Chicago ( at the NBC Tower ) and Philadelphia ( at the Comcast Technology Center ) . The network is one of the Big Three television networks . NBC is sometimes referred to as the Peacock Network , in reference to its stylized peacock logo , introduced in 1956 to promote the company 's innovations in early color broadcasting . It became the network 's official emblem in 1979 . Founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America ( RCA ) , NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States . At that time the parent company of RCA was General Electric ( GE ) . In 1932 , GE was forced to sell RCA and NBC as a result of antitrust charges . In 1986 , control of NBC passed back to General Electric ( GE ) through its $ 6.4 billion purchase of RCA . GE immediately began to liquidate RCA 's various divisions , but retained NBC . Following the acquisition by GE , Bob Wright served as chief executive officer of NBC , remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007 , when he was succeeded by Jeff Zucker . In 2003 , French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE , forming NBC Universal ."}]}, {'value': 'Tulsa , Oklahoma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma', 'summary': "Tulsa /ˈtʌlsə/ is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 45th-most populous city in the United States . As of July 2018 [ update ] , the population was 403,035 , an increase of 11,129 since the 2010 Census . It is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area , a region with 991,005 residents in the MSA and 1,251,172 in the CSA . The city serves as the county seat of Tulsa County , the most densely populated county in Oklahoma , with urban development extending into Osage , Rogers , and Wagoner counties . Tulsa was settled between 1828 and 1836 by the Lochapoka Band of Creek Native American tribe . For most of the 20th century , the city held the nickname Oil Capital of the World and played a major role as one of the most important hubs for the American oil industry . Historically , a robust energy sector fueled Tulsa 's economy ; however , today the city has diversified and leading sectors include finance , aviation , telecommunications and technology . Two institutions of higher education within the city have sports teams at the NCAA Division I level , Oral Roberts University and the University of Tulsa . It is situated on the Arkansas River between the Osage Hills and the foothills of the Ozark Mountains in northeast Oklahoma , a region of the state known as Green Country . Considered the cultural and arts center of Oklahoma , Tulsa houses two art museums , full-time professional opera and ballet companies , and one of the nation 's largest concentrations of art deco architecture . The city has been called one of America 's most livable large cities by Partners for Livable Communities , Forbes , and Relocate America . FDi Magazine in 2009 ranked the city no ."}]}, {'value': 'J ack R H oward ( longtime chairman of owner E. W. Scripps Company )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KJRR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KJRR', 'summary': "KVRR , virtual channel 15 ( UHF digital channel 19 ) , is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Fargo , North Dakota , United States . It is the flagship television property of Red River Broadcasting , which has owned the station since its inception . KVRR 's studios are located at the intersection of South 40th Street and South 9th Avenue in Fargo , and its transmitter is located near Rollag , Minnesota . KVRR also handles master control and some internal operations for sister station and fellow Fox affiliate KQDS-TV in Duluth , Minnesota . The station 's programming is simulcast on three full-power satellite stations : KJRR ( VHF channel 7 ) in Jamestown , North Dakota , KBRR ( VHF channel 10 ) in Thief River Falls , Minnesota ( serving Grand Forks ) and KNRR ( VHF channel 12 ) in Pembina , North Dakota ( which also covers parts of southern Manitoba , Canada , including Winnipeg ) . On cable , KVRR ( or one of its satellite stations ) is available in most of the market on channel 10 in standard definition , and on Midco digital channel 610 and Sparklight digital channel 1010 in high definition ."}]}, {'value': '7 PSIP 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company', 'summary': "The Fox Broadcasting Company ( often shortened to Fox and stylized in all caps as FOX ) is an American broadcast television network that is a flagship property of the Fox Corporation . The network is headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City , with additional offices at the Fox Broadcasting Center ( also in New York ) and at the Fox Television Center in Los Angeles . Launched on October 9 , 1986 , as a competitor to the Big Three television networks ( ABC , CBS and NBC ) , Fox went on to become the most successful attempt at a fourth television network . It was the highest-rated network in the 18-49 demographic from 2004 to 2012 , and earned the position as the most-watched American television network in total viewership during the 2007-08 season . Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets , although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U.S. network . Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U.S.-based Fox affiliate , either free-to-air or through a pay television provider , although Fox 's National Football League broadcasts and most of its prime time programming are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations for pay television providers imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ) to protect rights held by domestically based networks . Fox is named after what was once called 20th Century Fox , its original corporate sibling ( and still its major supplier of programming , despite its acquisition by Disney ) and indirectly for producer William Fox , who founded one of the movie studio 's predecessors , Fox Film . Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters ."}]}, {'value': 'Jamestown , North Dakota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamestown,_North_Dakota', 'summary': 'Jamestown is a city in Stutsman County , North Dakota , United States . It is the county seat of Stutsman County . The population was 15,427 at the 2010 census , making it the ninth largest city in North Dakota . Jamestown was founded in 1872 .'}]}, {'value': 'J amestown- R ed R iver Broadcasting', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KJRW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KJRW', 'summary': "KVIQ-LD , virtual and UHF digital channel 14 , is a low-powered CBS-affiliated television station licensed to Eureka , California , United States . Owned by Atlanta-based Cox Media Group , it is a sister station to NBC affiliate KIEM-TV ( channel 3 ) . The two stations share studios on South Broadway in downtown Eureka ; KVIQ-LD 's transmitter is located along Barry Road southeast of the city . There is no separate website for KVIQ-LD ; instead , it is integrated with that of sister station KIEM-TV . Until 2017 , KVIQ operated as a full-power television station on digital channel 17 . The full-power signal was sold to comply with FCC regulations , after Northwest Broadcasting acquired another full-power signal , KIEM . Upon the completion of the sale , Northwest transferred the station 's intellectual unit into a low-power facility ."}]}, {'value': '17 PSIP 6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17.1 CBS 17.2 MyNetworkTV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CBS', 'summary': "CBS ( an initialism of the network 's former name , the Columbia Broadcasting System ) is an American English-language commercial broadcast television and radio network that is the flagship property of the CBS Entertainment Group division of ViacomCBS . The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major production facilities and operations in New York City ( at the CBS Broadcast Center ) and Los Angeles ( at CBS Television City and the CBS Studio Center ) . CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network , in reference to the company 's trademark symbol , in use since 1951 . It has also been called the Tiffany Network , alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley . It can also refer to some of CBS 's first demonstrations of color television , which were held in a former Tiffany & Co. building in New York City in 1950 . The network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. , a collection of 16 radio stations purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System . Under Paley 's guidance , CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States , and eventually one of the Big Three American broadcast television networks . In 1974 CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS , Inc . The Westinghouse Electric Corporation acquired the network in 1995 , renamed its corporate entity to the current CBS Broadcasting , Inc. in 1997 , and eventually adopted the name of the company it had acquired to become CBS Corporation . In 2000 CBS came under the control of the first Viacom , which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971 . In late 2005 , Viacom split itself into two separate companies and re-established CBS Corporation through the spin-off of its broadcast television , radio , and select cable television and non-broadcasting assets , with the CBS television network at its core . CBS Corporation was controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements , which also controlled the second Viacom until December 4 , 2019 , when the two separated companies agreed to re-merge to become the new single entity known as ViacomCBS ."}, {'url': '/wiki/MyNetworkTV', 'summary': "MyNetworkTV ( unofficially abbreviated as MyTV , MyNet , MNT or MNTV ) , is an American television network/syndication service that is owned by Fox Corporation , operated by its Fox Television Stations division , and distributed through the syndication structure of 20th Television . MyNetworkTV began operations on September 5 , 2006 with an initial affiliate lineup covering about 96% of the country , most of which consisted of stations that were former affiliates of The WB and UPN that did not join the successor of those two networks , The CW . Under the ownership structure of Fox Corporation , the service is incorporated as a subsidiary company known as Master Distribution Service , Inc. On September 28 , 2009 , following disappointment with the network 's results , MyNetworkTV dropped its status as a television network and transitioned into a programming service , similar to Ion Television , relying mainly on repeats of recent broadcast and cable series . Fox Corporation retained MyNetworkTV after the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by The Walt Disney Company was completed on March 20 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Eureka , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eureka,_California', 'summary': "Eureka ( Hupa : do'-wi-lotl-ding , Karuk : uuth ) is the principal city and county seat of Humboldt County in the Redwood Empire region of California . The city is located on U.S. Route 101 on the shores of Humboldt Bay , 270 miles ( 430 km ) north of San Francisco and 100 miles ( 160 km ) south of the Oregon border . At the 2010 census , the population of the city was 27,191 , and the population of Greater Eureka was 45,034 . Eureka is the largest coastal city between San Francisco and Portland , Oregon , and the westernmost city of more than 25,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states . It is the regional center for government , health care , trade , and the arts on the North Coast north of the San Francisco Bay Area . Greater Eureka , one of California 's major commercial fishing ports , is the location of the largest deep-water port between San Francisco and Coos Bay , a stretch of about 500 miles ( 800 km ) . The headquarters of both the Six Rivers National Forest and the North Coast Redwoods District of the California State Parks System are in Eureka . As entrepôt for hundreds of lumber mills that once existed in the area , the city played a leading role in the historic West Coast lumber trade . The entire city is a state historic landmark , which has hundreds of significant Victorian homes , including the nationally recognized Carson Mansion , and the city has retained its original 19th-century commercial core as a nationally recognized Old Town Historic District . Eureka is home to California 's oldest zoo , the Sequoia Park Zoo ."}]}, {'value': 'Digital subchannel 17.2 rebroadcasts KRVU-LD Chico', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KJTL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KJTL', 'summary': "KJTL , virtual channel 18 ( UHF digital channel 15 ) , is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Wichita Falls , Texas , United States and serving the western Texoma area encompassing Western North Texas and Southwestern Oklahoma . Owned by Mission Broadcasting , it is a sister station to Wichita Falls-licensed low-powered MyNetworkTV affiliate KJBO-LP ( analog channel 35 ) ; Nexstar Media Group , which owns Wichita Falls-licensed NBC affiliate KFDX-TV ( channel 3 , which simulcasts KJBO on its second digital subchannel ) , operates KJTL and KJBO under joint sales and shared services agreements . The three stations share studios near Seymour Highway ( US 277 ) and Turtle Creek Road in Wichita Falls ; KJTL 's transmitter is located near East 1940 and North 2380 Roads in rural southwestern Tillman County , Oklahoma ( near Grandfield ) . There is no separate website for KJTL ; instead , it is integrated with that of sister station KFDX-TV . KJTL operates four UHF digital translators - K32IC-D ( channel 32 ) in Altus , Oklahoma , K20JB-D ( channel 20 ) in Hollis , Oklahoma , and K33HG-D ( channel 33 ) and K43HD-D ( channel 43 ) in Quanah , Texas - which relay KJTL 's signal to portions of southwestern Oklahoma and western north Texas that are not covered by the main channel 18 signal . On cable , KJTL is carried on Charter Spectrum channel 9 ( in standard definition ) and digital channel 1206 ( in high definition ) in Wichita Falls , and on Fidelity Communications channel 12 ( in standard definition ) and digital channel 412 ( in high definition ) in Lawton . ( The station 's SD feed is also carried on channel 12 on other cable systems within the Wichita Falls-Lawton area . )"}]}, {'value': '15 PSIP 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18.1 Fox 15.2 Bounce TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company', 'summary': "The Fox Broadcasting Company ( often shortened to Fox and stylized in all caps as FOX ) is an American broadcast television network that is a flagship property of the Fox Corporation . The network is headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City , with additional offices at the Fox Broadcasting Center ( also in New York ) and at the Fox Television Center in Los Angeles . Launched on October 9 , 1986 , as a competitor to the Big Three television networks ( ABC , CBS and NBC ) , Fox went on to become the most successful attempt at a fourth television network . It was the highest-rated network in the 18-49 demographic from 2004 to 2012 , and earned the position as the most-watched American television network in total viewership during the 2007-08 season . Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets , although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U.S. network . Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U.S.-based Fox affiliate , either free-to-air or through a pay television provider , although Fox 's National Football League broadcasts and most of its prime time programming are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations for pay television providers imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ) to protect rights held by domestically based networks . Fox is named after what was once called 20th Century Fox , its original corporate sibling ( and still its major supplier of programming , despite its acquisition by Disney ) and indirectly for producer William Fox , who founded one of the movie studio 's predecessors , Fox Film . Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bounce_TV', 'summary': 'Bounce TV is an American digital multicast television network owned by Katz Broadcasting , a subsidiary of E. W. Scripps Company . Promoted as the first 24/7 digital multicast broadcast network created to target African Americans , the channel features a mix of original and acquired programming geared toward African Americans between 25 and 54 years of age . The network is affiliated with broadcast television stations in several markets through digital subchannels ; it is also available on the digital tiers of select cable providers at the discretion of local affiliates .'}]}, {'value': 'Wichita Falls , Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wichita_Falls,_Texas', 'summary': "Wichita Falls ( /ˈwɪtʃɪtɑː/ WITCH-i-tah ) is a city in and the county seat of Wichita County , Texas , United States . It is the principal city of the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area , which encompasses all of Archer , Clay , and Wichita counties . According to the 2010 census , it had a population of 104,553 , making it the 38th-most populous city in Texas . In addition , its central business district is 5 miles ( 8 km ) from Sheppard Air Force Base , which is home to the Air Force 's largest technical training wing and the Euro-NATO Joint Jet Pilot Training program , the world 's only multinationally staffed and managed flying training program chartered to produce combat pilots for both USAF and NATO . The city is home to the Newby-McMahon Building ( otherwise known as the world 's littlest skyscraper ) , constructed downtown in 1919 and featured in Robert Ripley 's Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KJTV-TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KJTV-TV', 'summary': "KJTV-TV , virtual channel 34 ( UHF digital channel 35 ) , is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Lubbock , Texas , United States . It is the flagship television property of locally based Ramar Communications , and is part of a duopoly with Wolfforth-licensed CW+ affiliate KLCW-TV ( channel 22 ) ; it is also sister to four low-power stations - MyNetworkTV affiliate KMYL-LD ( channel 14 ) , Class A independent KJTV-CD ( channel 32 , which is simulcast on KJTV-TV 's second digital subchannel ) , Class A Telemundo affiliate KXTQ-CD ( channel 46 ) , and MeTV affiliate KLBB-LD ( channel 48 ) - and seven radio stations ( one on AM and six on FM ) . All of the outlets share studios at 98th Street and University Avenue in south Lubbock , where KJTV-TV and KLCW also share transmitter facilities . KJTV was a charter Fox affiliate , having broadcast the network since its launch on October 9 , 1986 . On cable , the station is available on channel 10 on most systems in the market ."}]}, {'value': '35 PSIP 34', 'urls': []}, {'value': '34.1 Fox 32.2 Independent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company', 'summary': "The Fox Broadcasting Company ( often shortened to Fox and stylized in all caps as FOX ) is an American broadcast television network that is a flagship property of the Fox Corporation . The network is headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City , with additional offices at the Fox Broadcasting Center ( also in New York ) and at the Fox Television Center in Los Angeles . Launched on October 9 , 1986 , as a competitor to the Big Three television networks ( ABC , CBS and NBC ) , Fox went on to become the most successful attempt at a fourth television network . It was the highest-rated network in the 18-49 demographic from 2004 to 2012 , and earned the position as the most-watched American television network in total viewership during the 2007-08 season . Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets , although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U.S. network . Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U.S.-based Fox affiliate , either free-to-air or through a pay television provider , although Fox 's National Football League broadcasts and most of its prime time programming are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations for pay television providers imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ) to protect rights held by domestically based networks . Fox is named after what was once called 20th Century Fox , its original corporate sibling ( and still its major supplier of programming , despite its acquisition by Disney ) and indirectly for producer William Fox , who founded one of the movie studio 's predecessors , Fox Film . Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Independent_station', 'summary': "Independent station is an independent radio or terrestrial television station which is independent in some way from broadcast networks . The definition of independence varies from country to country , reflecting governmental regulations , market environment and the broadcasting medium 's development history . In the United States and Canada , an independent station is a broadcast station which is not directly affiliated with any large network . In Japan , an independent station is a terrestrial station which is not a member of any networks whose dominant stations are located in Tokyo ; see Japanese Association of Independent Television Stations ( JAITS ) for more details . In addition , although The Open University of Japan is not a member of JAITS , it can also be classified as independent ."}]}, {'value': 'Lubbock , Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas', 'summary': "Lubbock ( /ˈlʌbək/ LUB-ək ) is the 11th-most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and the county seat of Lubbock County . With a population of 255,885 in 2018 , the city is also the 81st-most populous in the United States . The city is in the northwestern part of the state , a region known historically and geographically as the Llano Estacado , and ecologically is part of the southern end of the High Plains , lying at the economic center of the Lubbock metropolitan area , which has a projected 2020 population of 327,424 . Lubbock 's nickname , Hub City , derives from it being the economic , educational , and health-care hub of the multicounty region , north of the Permian Basin and south of the Texas Panhandle , commonly called the South Plains . The area is the largest contiguous cotton-growing region in the world and is heavily dependent on water from the Ogallala Aquifer for irrigation . CNNMoney.com selected Lubbock as the 12th-best place to start a small business . CNN mentioned the city 's traditional business atmosphere : low rent for commercial space , central location , and cooperative city government . Lubbock is home to Texas Tech University , the sixth-largest college by enrollment in the state . Lubbock High School has been recognized for three consecutive years by Newsweek as one of the top high schools in the United States , based in part on its international baccalaureate program ."}]}, {'value': 'Digital subchannel is a simulcast of Class-A low-powered station on Channel 32 with which it shares call letters', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KJUD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KJUD', 'summary': 'KJUD is an ABC/CW+/Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Juneau , Alaska , United States . Owned by Vision Alaska LLC , it broadcasts a standard definition digital signal on VHF channel 11 ( or virtual channel 8 via PSIP ) from a transmitter along Douglas Highway in West Juneau . Master control and some internal operations are based at the facilities of fellow ABC affiliate and Your Alaska Link flagship KYUR in Anchorage .'}]}, {'value': '11 PSIP 8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8.1 ABC 11.2 The CW 11.3 Fox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company', 'summary': "The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) is an American commercial broadcast radio and television network owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company . The network is headquartered in Burbank , California , on Riverside Drive , directly across the street from Walt Disney Studios and adjacent to the Roy E. Disney Animation Building . The network 's secondary offices , and headquarters of its news division , is in New York City , at its broadcast center at 77 West 66th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan . Since 2007 , when ABC Radio ( also known as Cumulus Media Networks ) was sold to Citadel Broadcasting , ABC has reduced its broadcasting operations almost exclusively to television . It is the fifth-oldest major broadcasting network in the world and the youngest of the Big Three television networks . ABC is nicknamed The Alphabet Network , as its initialism also represents the first three letters of the English alphabet , in order . ABC launched as a radio network on October 12 , 1943 , serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network , which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble . It extended its operations to television in 1948 , following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS and NBC . In the mid-1950s , ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres , a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures . Leonard Goldenson , who had been the head of UPT , made the new television network profitable by helping develop and greenlight many successful series . In the 1980s , after purchasing an 80 percent interest in cable sports channel ESPN , the network 's corporate parent , American Broadcasting Companies , Inc. , merged with Capital Cities Communications , owner of several print publications , and television and radio stations . In 1996 , most of Capital Cities/ABC 's assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company ."}, {'url': '/wiki/The_CW', 'summary': "The CW Television Network ( commonly referred to as just The CW ) is an American English-language free-to-air television network that is operated by The CW Network , LLC , a limited liability joint venture between the CBS Entertainment Group unit of ViacomCBS ; and AT & T , whose WarnerMedia subsidiary is the parent company of Warner Bros. , former majority owner of The WB . The network 's name is an abbreviation derived from the first letters of the names of its two parent corporations ( CBS and Warner Bros. ) . The CW Television Network made its debut on September 18 , 2006 , after its two predecessors , UPN and The WB , respectively ceased independent operations on September 15 and 17 of that year . The CW 's first two nights of programming - on September 18 and 19 , 2006 - consisted of reruns and launch-related specials . The CW marked its formal launch date on September 20 , 2006 , with the two-hour premiere of the seventh cycle of America 's Next Top Model . Originally , the network 's programming lineup was intended to appeal mainly to women between the ages of 18 and 34 , although starting in 2011 the network increased in programming that appeals to men . As of August 2017 , the CW 's audience is 50% male and 50% female . The network currently runs programming seven days a week : airing Mondays through Fridays in the afternoon ( The CW Daytime ) and Sundays through Fridays in prime time , along with a Saturday morning live-action educational programming block produced by Litton Entertainment called One Magnificent Morning , which is the successor to the animation block Vortexx . It is also available in Canada on pay television providers through stations owned-and-operated by ViacomCBS and affiliates that are located within proximity to the Canada-United States border ( whose broadcasts of CW shows are subject to simultaneous substitution laws imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission , if a Canadian network holds the broadcast rights ) ; it is also available through two affiliates that are classified in the United States as superstations - New York City affiliate WPIX and Los Angeles affiliate KTLA . Additionally , The CW is available in Mexico through affiliates located near the Mexico-U.S. border ( such as KFMB-DT2/San Diego-Tijuana , KECY-DT3 in El Centro , California , KVIA-DT2 in El Paso , and KCWT-CD with simulcasters KFXV-LD2 KNVO-DT4 in McAllen-Brownsville , Texas and XHRIO-TV in Matamoros , Tamaulipas ) on pay television providers . In both Canada and Mexico , some CW affiliate signals originating from the U.S. are receivable over-the-air in border areas depending on the station 's signal coverage ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company', 'summary': "The Fox Broadcasting Company ( often shortened to Fox and stylized in all caps as FOX ) is an American broadcast television network that is a flagship property of the Fox Corporation . The network is headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City , with additional offices at the Fox Broadcasting Center ( also in New York ) and at the Fox Television Center in Los Angeles . Launched on October 9 , 1986 , as a competitor to the Big Three television networks ( ABC , CBS and NBC ) , Fox went on to become the most successful attempt at a fourth television network . It was the highest-rated network in the 18-49 demographic from 2004 to 2012 , and earned the position as the most-watched American television network in total viewership during the 2007-08 season . Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets , although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U.S. network . Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U.S.-based Fox affiliate , either free-to-air or through a pay television provider , although Fox 's National Football League broadcasts and most of its prime time programming are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations for pay television providers imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ) to protect rights held by domestically based networks . Fox is named after what was once called 20th Century Fox , its original corporate sibling ( and still its major supplier of programming , despite its acquisition by Disney ) and indirectly for producer William Fox , who founded one of the movie studio 's predecessors , Fox Film . Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters ."}]}, {'value': 'Juneau , Alaska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska', 'summary': "The City and Borough of Juneau ( /ˈdʒuːnoʊ/ JOO-noh ; Tlingit : Dzánti K'ihéeni [ ˈtsántʰì kʼìˈhíːnì ] ; Russian : Джуно , Dzhuno ) , commonly known as Juneau , is the capital city of Alaska . Located in the Gastineau Channel and the Alaskan panhandle , it is a unified municipality and the second largest city in the United States by area . Juneau was named the capital of Alaska in 1906 , when the government of what was then the District of Alaska was moved from Sitka as dictated by the U.S. Congress in 1900 . The municipality unified on July 1 , 1970 , when the city of Juneau merged with the city of Douglas and the surrounding Greater Juneau Borough to form the current municipality , which is larger by area than both Rhode Island and Delaware . Downtown Juneau ( 58°18′07″N 134°25′11″W / 58.30194°N 134.41972°W / 58.30194 ; -134.41972 ) is nestled at the base of Mount Juneau and across the channel from Douglas Island . As of the 2010 census , the City and Borough had a population of 31,276 . In 2018 , the population estimate from the United States Census Bureau was 32,114 , making it the second most populous city in Alaska after Anchorage . Juneau experiences a daily influx of roughly 6,000 people from visiting cruise ships between the months of May and September . The city is named after a gold prospector from Quebec , Joe Juneau , though the place was for a time called Rockwell and then Harrisburg ( after Juneau 's co-prospector , Richard Harris ) . The Tlingit name of the town is Dzántik ' i Héeni ( Base of the Flounder 's River , dzánti flounder , -kʼi base , héen river ) , and Auke Bay just north of Juneau proper is called Áak ' w ( Little lake , áa lake , -kʼ diminutive ) in Tlingit . The Taku River , just south of Juneau , was named after the cold t'aakh wind , which occasionally blows down from the mountains . Juneau is unique among U.S. capitals in that there are no roads connecting the city to the rest of the state ."}]}, {'value': 'Digital subchannel 11.2 rebroadcasts KWBX/KYUR-DT2 Anchorage', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KJZZ-TV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KJZZ-TV', 'summary': "KJZZ-TV , virtual channel 14 ( UHF digital channel 19 ) , is an independent television station licensed to Salt Lake City , Utah , United States . The station is owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group , as part of a de facto triopoly with CBS affiliate KUTV ( channel 2 ) and St. George-licensed MyNetworkTV affiliate KMYU ( channel 12/2.2 ) . The three stations share studios on South Main Street in downtown Salt Lake City ; KJZZ 's transmitter is located on Farnsworth Peak in the Oquirrh Mountains , southwest of Salt Lake City . The station has an extensive network of more than 80 broadcast translators that extend its over-the-air coverage throughout Utah , southwestern Wyoming , southeastern Idaho , southern and eastern Nevada , southwestern Colorado and northern Arizona ."}]}, {'value': '19 PSIP 14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14.1 Independent 14.2 Comet 14.3 Charge ! 14.4 TBD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Independent_station', 'summary': "Independent station is an independent radio or terrestrial television station which is independent in some way from broadcast networks . The definition of independence varies from country to country , reflecting governmental regulations , market environment and the broadcasting medium 's development history . In the United States and Canada , an independent station is a broadcast station which is not directly affiliated with any large network . In Japan , an independent station is a terrestrial station which is not a member of any networks whose dominant stations are located in Tokyo ; see Japanese Association of Independent Television Stations ( JAITS ) for more details . In addition , although The Open University of Japan is not a member of JAITS , it can also be classified as independent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Comet_(TV_network)', 'summary': "Comet is an American digital broadcast television network that is owned by the Sinclair Television Group subsidiary of the Sinclair Broadcast Group and operated by the MGM Television division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . The network focuses on science fiction with some supernatural , horror , adventure and fantasy series and films , sourced mainly from the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film and television library . Sinclair also owns Charge ! ( action ) , Stadium ( sports joint venture ) and TBD ( internet sourced ) broadcast networks . Comet is also available via streaming services , Apple TV , FuboTV , YouTubeTV , Roku , Sling TV Satellite Company Dish Network channel 289 and Sinclair 's Stirr ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Charge!_(TV_network)', 'summary': 'Charge ! is an American digital broadcast television network that is owned by the Sinclair Television Group subsidiary of the Sinclair Broadcast Group and operated by the MGM Television division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . The network features action- and adventure-based programming sourced primarily from the MGM television and film library . The network is also available via a website stream for mobile devices . ( internet sourced ) broadcast networks . Charge is also available via streaming services , Stirr ,'}, {'url': '/wiki/TBD_(TV_network)', 'summary': 'TBD ( also referred to unofficially as TBD-TV ) is an American digital broadcast television network that is owned by the Sinclair Television Group subsidiary of the Sinclair Broadcast Group and operated by Jukin Media . Targeting millennial audiences , the network focuses on internet-based series and other digital content ( including showcases of user-generated music , animation and comedy videos , eSports , and compiled half-hour and hour-long episodes of short-form web series ) , along with some feature films .'}]}, {'value': 'Salt Lake City , Utah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salt_Lake_City', 'summary': "Salt Lake City ( often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC ) is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah , as well as the seat of Salt Lake County , the most populous county in Utah . With an estimated population of 200,591 in 2018 , the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area , which has a population of 1,222,540 ( 2018 estimate ) . Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City-Ogden-Provo Combined Statistical Area , a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along a 120-mile ( 190 km ) segment of the Wasatch Front , comprising a population of 2,606,548 ( as of 2018 estimates ) . It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin . The world headquarters of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) is located in Salt Lake City . The city was founded in 1847 by followers of the church , led by Brigham Young , who were seeking to escape persecution that they had experienced while living farther east . The Mormon pioneers , as they would come to be known , entered an arid valley and immediately began building , planning , and extending an extensive irrigation network which could feed the population and foster future growth . Salt Lake City 's street grid system is based on a standard compass grid plan , with the Salt Lake Temple at the origin . Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake , the city was named Great Salt Lake City . In 1868 , the 17th Utah Territorial Legislature dropped the word Great from the city 's name . Immigration of international members of the church , mining booms , and the construction of the first transcontinental railroad initially brought economic growth , and the city was nicknamed the Crossroads of the West . It was traversed by the Lincoln Highway , the first transcontinental highway , in 1913 ."}]}, {'value': 'J a zz ( Named for the Utah Jazz , whose former owner also owned the station )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Utah_Jazz', 'summary': "The Utah Jazz are an American professional basketball team based in Salt Lake City . The Jazz compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Western Conference , Northwest Division . Since 1991 , the team has played its home games at Vivint Smart Home Arena . The franchise began play as an expansion team in 1974 as the New Orleans Jazz ( as a tribute to New Orleans ' history of originating Jazz music ) . The Jazz moved to Salt Lake City in 1979 . The Jazz were one of the most successful teams in the league in their early years . Although 10 seasons elapsed before the Jazz qualified for their first playoff appearance in 1984 , they did not miss the playoffs again until 2004 . During the late 1980s , John Stockton and Karl Malone arose as the franchise players for the team , and formed one of the most famed point guard-power forward duos in NBA history . Led by coach Jerry Sloan , who took over from Frank Layden in 1988 , they became one of the powerhouse teams of the 1990s , culminating in two NBA Finals appearances in 1997 and 1998 , where they lost both times to the Chicago Bulls , led by Michael Jordan . Both Stockton and Malone moved on in 2003 . After missing the playoffs for three consecutive seasons the Jazz returned to prominence under the on-court leadership of point guard Deron Williams . However , partway through the 2010-11 season , the Jazz began restructuring after Sloan 's retirement and Williams ' trade to the New Jersey Nets ."}]}], 'section_title': 'KJ', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States_by_call_sign_(initial_letter_K)_9', 'intro': 'This is a list of full-power television stations in the United States having call signs beginning with the letter K. Low-power TV stations, those with designations such as KAGN-LP or K11XQ, have not been included in this list. See also the list of TV stations beginning with W and the list of TV stations beginning with X.'}	null	null	How many people lived in the city of KJJC-TV according to the census of 2010 ?	58,505
09d7c37aa408b2cf	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bus_routes_in_London', 'title': 'List of bus routes in London', 'header': ['Route', 'Start', 'End', 'Operator', 'Letter code'], 'data': [{'value': 'A10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heathrow Central bus station', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heathrow_Central_bus_station', 'summary': "Heathrow Central bus station is a large bus station that serves terminals 2 and 3 of Heathrow Airport , in London , England . It provides urban bus and long-distance coach services to destinations in London and to regional destinations across Britain . It is the UK 's busiest bus and coach station with over 1,600 services each day to over 1,000 destinations.An estimated 13% of air passengers using Heathrow Airport use bus and coach services from Heathrow Central bus station ."}]}, {'value': 'Uxbridge station', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uxbridge_tube_station', 'summary': 'Uxbridge is a London Underground station in Uxbridge in the London Borough of Hillingdon , north-west London . The station is the terminus of the Uxbridge branches of both the Metropolitan line and the Piccadilly line . The next station towards London is Hillingdon . The station is 15.5 miles ( 25 km ) west of Charing Cross and is in Travelcard Zone 6 . The closest station on the Chiltern Line and Central line is West Ruislip , accessible by the U1 and U10 buses . The closest station on the Great Western Main Line ( in future Crossrail ) is West Drayton , accessible by the U1 , U3 , U5 and 222 buses . Uxbridge was formerly the terminus of a branch of the District line which ran from Ealing Common ; the Piccadilly line replaced the District line in 1933 .'}]}, {'value': 'Metroline', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metroline', 'summary': 'Metroline is a bus company operating services in Greater London . It is a subsidiary of ComfortDelGro Corporation and operates services under contract to Transport for London . Operations are split between two registered companies , Metroline Travel Limited and Metroline West Limited .'}]}, {'value': 'Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heathrow_Airport', 'summary': 'Heathrow Airport , also known as London Heathrow ( IATA : LHR , ICAO : EGLL ) , is a major international airport in London , United Kingdom . Heathrow is the second busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic , as well as the busiest airport in Europe by passenger traffic , and the seventh busiest airport in the world by total passenger traffic . It is one of six international airports serving London region . In 2019 , it handled a record 80.8 million passengers , a 0.9% increase from 2018 as well as 475,861 aircraft movements , a decrease of 1,743 from 2018 . The airport facility is owned and operated by Heathrow Airport Holdings . Heathrow lies 14 miles ( 23 km ) west of Central London , and has two parallel east-west runways along with four operational terminals on a site that covers 12.27 square kilometres ( 4.74 sq mi ) . The airport is the primary hub for British Airways and the primary operating base for Virgin Atlantic . In September 2012 , the Government of the United Kingdom established the Airports Commission , an independent commission chaired by Sir Howard Davies to examine various options for increasing capacity at UK airports . In July 2015 , the commission backed a third runway at Heathrow , which the government approved in October 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'B11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bexleyheath bus garage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bexleyheath', 'summary': 'Bexleyheath is a town in the London Borough of Bexley in Greater London , England with a population of 31,929 . It is 12 miles ( 19.3 km ) south-east of Charing Cross , and is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London .'}, {'url': '/wiki/London_Central', 'summary': 'London Central is a bus company operating in South London . It is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group and operates services under contract to Transport for London .'}]}, {'value': 'Thamesmead', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thamesmead', 'summary': 'Thamesmead /ˈtɛmzmiːd/ is an area of south-east London , England , straddling the border between the Royal Borough of Greenwich and the London Borough of Bexley . It is located 11 miles ( 18 km ) east of Charing Cross , north-east of Woolwich and west of Erith . It mainly consists of social housing built from the mid-1960s onwards on former marshland on the south bank of the River Thames .'}]}, {'value': 'London Central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Central', 'summary': 'London Central is a bus company operating in South London . It is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group and operates services under contract to Transport for London .'}]}, {'value': 'Bexley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Bexley', 'summary': 'The London Borough of Bexley /ˈbɛksli/ ( listen ) is a London borough in Southeast London , forming part of Outer London . It has boundaries with the London Borough of Bromley to the south and the Royal Borough of Greenwich to the west ; across the River Thames to the north it borders the London Borough of Havering and London Borough of Barking and Dagenham ; there is a short boundary with the unitary authority of Thurrock in Essex to the northeast . There are boundaries with the Borough of Dartford to the east and Sevenoaks district to the southeast , both in the ceremonial county of Kent . The London Borough of Bexley is within the Thames Gateway , an area designated as a national priority for urban regeneration . The local authority is Bexley London Borough Council . The main settlements are Sidcup , Erith , Bexleyheath , Crayford , Welling and Old Bexley .'}]}, {'value': 'B12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erith', 'summary': 'Erith ( /ˈiːrɪθ/ ( listen ) ) is an area in south-east London , England , located 13.3 miles ( 21.4 km ) east of Charing Cross . Historically in Kent , it has formed part of the London Borough of Bexley since 1965 . Erith is located to the north-east of Bexleyheath and north-west of Dartford , and lies on the south bank of the River Thames . The population of Erith is 45,345 . Erith town centre has undergone modernisation and an increase in dwellings since 1961 . The curved riverside high street contains three listed buildings , including the Church of England church and the Carnegie Building , while the district otherwise consists primarily of suburban homes . Erith is linked to central London and Kent by rail , and a dual carriageway links it to Thamesmead . It has the longest pier in London , and retains a coastal environment with salt marshes as well as industrial land .'}]}, {'value': 'Joydens Wood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joydens_Wood', 'summary': "Joyden 's Wood is an area of ancient woodland located south-east of Bexleyheath and south-west of Dartford , on the border between South-East London and Kent . It is one of over 1,000 woodlands in the United Kingdom looked after by the Woodland Trust . The first records of a wood on this site go back to the year 1600 . It is also the name of a housing estate to the east of the woodland itself ."}]}, {'value': 'Arriva London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arriva_London', 'summary': 'Arriva London is a bus company operating services in Greater London . It is a subsidiary of Arriva UK Bus and operates services under contract to Transport for London . It was formed in 1998 from a fusion of previously separate Arriva subsidiaries Grey-Green , Leaside Buses , Kentish Bus , London & Country and South London Transport . Operations are split between two registered companies , Arriva London North Limited and Arriva London South Limited .'}]}, {'value': 'Bexley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Bexley', 'summary': 'The London Borough of Bexley /ˈbɛksli/ ( listen ) is a London borough in Southeast London , forming part of Outer London . It has boundaries with the London Borough of Bromley to the south and the Royal Borough of Greenwich to the west ; across the River Thames to the north it borders the London Borough of Havering and London Borough of Barking and Dagenham ; there is a short boundary with the unitary authority of Thurrock in Essex to the northeast . There are boundaries with the Borough of Dartford to the east and Sevenoaks district to the southeast , both in the ceremonial county of Kent . The London Borough of Bexley is within the Thames Gateway , an area designated as a national priority for urban regeneration . The local authority is Bexley London Borough Council . The main settlements are Sidcup , Erith , Bexleyheath , Crayford , Welling and Old Bexley .'}]}, {'value': 'B13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bexleyheath Shopping Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bexleyheath_Shopping_Centre', 'summary': "Broadway Shopping Centre , ( branded as The Mall Bexleyheath from c. 2004 until reverting to its original name in 2009 ) , is the principal covered shopping centre in the town centre of Bexleyheath and is the largest single covered shopping facility in the London Borough of Bexley . Whilst some parts of the centre opened in 1981 , Woolworths being the first on 23 November , the centre was opened in its current form by Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh on the thirteenth of March 1984 and underwent an extensive refurbishment in 2007 . It had been due to form part of a wider regeneration of the surrounding area of Bexleyheath over the coming years , which would have seen additional retail amenity , Bexley Council offices , a library and residential development adjacent to the existing building . However , in 2010 , following the sale of the centre , its new owners confirmed the major expansion plan would not be going ahead , though a small extension to the existing site remains a possibility . There are 59 retail shop units considered to be within the Mall building ( including several premises where public access is from the Broadway itself ) and additional smaller retailers in 'RMUs ' ( small , freestanding kiosk-like units ) . In the early years of the centre 's existence , the site was known as the Broadway Shopping Centre ; its owners included Norwich Union . In the early 21st century the building was acquired by the Mall Fund , becoming one of their network of centres under the generic The Mall branding . The Mall Fund subsequently purchased the neighbouring Broadway Square , and ran it alongside The Mall . In 2009 , The Mall Fund 's parent company Capital & Regional agreed a deal to sell the centre to Jones Lang LaSalle . As a result of its departure from the network , use of the Mall corporate material declined , though some elements ( such as signage and branding ) remained under The Mall identity , being replaced over a period of time . Other centres which have been sold off by The Mall Fund ( such as The Ashley Centre ) have reverted to their former names following their sale . Some marketing materials for the centre , as of Spring 2010 , began to appear bearing the names 'Broadway ' or 'Broadway Shopping Centre ' in plain text ."}]}, {'value': 'New Eltham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Eltham', 'summary': 'New Eltham is an area of south east London , in the London Boroughs of Greenwich and Bexley . It lies south east of Eltham and north west of Sidcup .'}]}, {'value': 'Arriva London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arriva_London', 'summary': 'Arriva London is a bus company operating services in Greater London . It is a subsidiary of Arriva UK Bus and operates services under contract to Transport for London . It was formed in 1998 from a fusion of previously separate Arriva subsidiaries Grey-Green , Leaside Buses , Kentish Bus , London & Country and South London Transport . Operations are split between two registered companies , Arriva London North Limited and Arriva London South Limited .'}]}, {'value': 'Bexley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Bexley', 'summary': 'The London Borough of Bexley /ˈbɛksli/ ( listen ) is a London borough in Southeast London , forming part of Outer London . It has boundaries with the London Borough of Bromley to the south and the Royal Borough of Greenwich to the west ; across the River Thames to the north it borders the London Borough of Havering and London Borough of Barking and Dagenham ; there is a short boundary with the unitary authority of Thurrock in Essex to the northeast . There are boundaries with the Borough of Dartford to the east and Sevenoaks district to the southeast , both in the ceremonial county of Kent . The London Borough of Bexley is within the Thames Gateway , an area designated as a national priority for urban regeneration . The local authority is Bexley London Borough Council . The main settlements are Sidcup , Erith , Bexleyheath , Crayford , Welling and Old Bexley .'}]}, {'value': 'B14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bexleyheath Shopping Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bexleyheath_Shopping_Centre', 'summary': "Broadway Shopping Centre , ( branded as The Mall Bexleyheath from c. 2004 until reverting to its original name in 2009 ) , is the principal covered shopping centre in the town centre of Bexleyheath and is the largest single covered shopping facility in the London Borough of Bexley . Whilst some parts of the centre opened in 1981 , Woolworths being the first on 23 November , the centre was opened in its current form by Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh on the thirteenth of March 1984 and underwent an extensive refurbishment in 2007 . It had been due to form part of a wider regeneration of the surrounding area of Bexleyheath over the coming years , which would have seen additional retail amenity , Bexley Council offices , a library and residential development adjacent to the existing building . However , in 2010 , following the sale of the centre , its new owners confirmed the major expansion plan would not be going ahead , though a small extension to the existing site remains a possibility . There are 59 retail shop units considered to be within the Mall building ( including several premises where public access is from the Broadway itself ) and additional smaller retailers in 'RMUs ' ( small , freestanding kiosk-like units ) . In the early years of the centre 's existence , the site was known as the Broadway Shopping Centre ; its owners included Norwich Union . In the early 21st century the building was acquired by the Mall Fund , becoming one of their network of centres under the generic The Mall branding . The Mall Fund subsequently purchased the neighbouring Broadway Square , and ran it alongside The Mall . In 2009 , The Mall Fund 's parent company Capital & Regional agreed a deal to sell the centre to Jones Lang LaSalle . As a result of its departure from the network , use of the Mall corporate material declined , though some elements ( such as signage and branding ) remained under The Mall identity , being replaced over a period of time . Other centres which have been sold off by The Mall Fund ( such as The Ashley Centre ) have reverted to their former names following their sale . Some marketing materials for the centre , as of Spring 2010 , began to appear bearing the names 'Broadway ' or 'Broadway Shopping Centre ' in plain text ."}]}, {'value': 'Orpington Station', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orpington_railway_station', 'summary': 'Orpington railway station is on the South Eastern Main Line , serving the town of Orpington in the London Borough of Bromley , south-east London . It is 13 miles 65 chains ( 22.2 km ) down the line from London Charing Cross and is situated between Petts Wood and Chelsfield stations . It is in Travelcard Zone 6 . The station has eight platforms . Platform 1 is a bay platform which is only occasionally used for Thameslink services . Platform 2 is used for fast services to Charing Cross or Cannon Street . Platforms 3 and 4 are an island , 3 used by trains towards Ashford International or Tunbridge Wells and 4 by stopping services from Sevenoaks to Charing Cross or Cannon Street . Platform 5 hosts the Sevenoaks slows with platforms 6-8 being bay platforms used by services starting at Orpington towards Charing Cross , London Victoria , Cannon Street and Luton/Bedford . At the country end , the four tracks become two . At the London end there is a four-road sidings , where trains are stabled and cleaned . There are two entrances , both with ticket offices and ticket barriers , the main one on the platform 1/2 side ( Crofton Road ) , the other on the platforms 5-8 side ( Station Approach and the bus interchange ) . Access to platforms is via an underground subway ( unsuitable for wheelchair users ) or via a new bridge opened in 2008 which incorporates lift access to all platforms .'}]}, {'value': 'Stagecoach London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stagecoach_London', 'summary': 'Stagecoach London is a bus operator in London . It is a subsidiary of Stagecoach and operates services under contract to Transport for London mostly in east and south-east and partly in central London'}]}, {'value': 'Bexley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Bexley', 'summary': 'The London Borough of Bexley /ˈbɛksli/ ( listen ) is a London borough in Southeast London , forming part of Outer London . It has boundaries with the London Borough of Bromley to the south and the Royal Borough of Greenwich to the west ; across the River Thames to the north it borders the London Borough of Havering and London Borough of Barking and Dagenham ; there is a short boundary with the unitary authority of Thurrock in Essex to the northeast . There are boundaries with the Borough of Dartford to the east and Sevenoaks district to the southeast , both in the ceremonial county of Kent . The London Borough of Bexley is within the Thames Gateway , an area designated as a national priority for urban regeneration . The local authority is Bexley London Borough Council . The main settlements are Sidcup , Erith , Bexleyheath , Crayford , Welling and Old Bexley .'}]}, {'value': 'B15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bexleyheath Shopping Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bexleyheath_Shopping_Centre', 'summary': "Broadway Shopping Centre , ( branded as The Mall Bexleyheath from c. 2004 until reverting to its original name in 2009 ) , is the principal covered shopping centre in the town centre of Bexleyheath and is the largest single covered shopping facility in the London Borough of Bexley . Whilst some parts of the centre opened in 1981 , Woolworths being the first on 23 November , the centre was opened in its current form by Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh on the thirteenth of March 1984 and underwent an extensive refurbishment in 2007 . It had been due to form part of a wider regeneration of the surrounding area of Bexleyheath over the coming years , which would have seen additional retail amenity , Bexley Council offices , a library and residential development adjacent to the existing building . However , in 2010 , following the sale of the centre , its new owners confirmed the major expansion plan would not be going ahead , though a small extension to the existing site remains a possibility . There are 59 retail shop units considered to be within the Mall building ( including several premises where public access is from the Broadway itself ) and additional smaller retailers in 'RMUs ' ( small , freestanding kiosk-like units ) . In the early years of the centre 's existence , the site was known as the Broadway Shopping Centre ; its owners included Norwich Union . In the early 21st century the building was acquired by the Mall Fund , becoming one of their network of centres under the generic The Mall branding . The Mall Fund subsequently purchased the neighbouring Broadway Square , and ran it alongside The Mall . In 2009 , The Mall Fund 's parent company Capital & Regional agreed a deal to sell the centre to Jones Lang LaSalle . As a result of its departure from the network , use of the Mall corporate material declined , though some elements ( such as signage and branding ) remained under The Mall identity , being replaced over a period of time . Other centres which have been sold off by The Mall Fund ( such as The Ashley Centre ) have reverted to their former names following their sale . Some marketing materials for the centre , as of Spring 2010 , began to appear bearing the names 'Broadway ' or 'Broadway Shopping Centre ' in plain text ."}]}, {'value': 'Horn Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Horn_Park', 'summary': 'Horn Park is an area of south east London south west of Eltham . It is located 12.5 km ( 7.8 mi ) southeast of Charing Cross on the southwest edge of the Royal Borough of Greenwich and borders both the London Borough of Lewisham and the London Borough of Bromley . There is a public park also named Horn Park and two schools in the area . The River Quaggy flows northward though Horn Park , and the suburb is covered by the postcode district SE12 , which was previously called the Lee postal district . There is community centre located in Horn Park Estate on Sibthorpe Road , that hosts a number of activities , such as Christian , council and MP meetings , and numerous classes including dance , karate and English .'}]}, {'value': 'Arriva London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arriva_London', 'summary': 'Arriva London is a bus company operating services in Greater London . It is a subsidiary of Arriva UK Bus and operates services under contract to Transport for London . It was formed in 1998 from a fusion of previously separate Arriva subsidiaries Grey-Green , Leaside Buses , Kentish Bus , London & Country and South London Transport . Operations are split between two registered companies , Arriva London North Limited and Arriva London South Limited .'}]}, {'value': 'Bexley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Bexley', 'summary': 'The London Borough of Bexley /ˈbɛksli/ ( listen ) is a London borough in Southeast London , forming part of Outer London . It has boundaries with the London Borough of Bromley to the south and the Royal Borough of Greenwich to the west ; across the River Thames to the north it borders the London Borough of Havering and London Borough of Barking and Dagenham ; there is a short boundary with the unitary authority of Thurrock in Essex to the northeast . There are boundaries with the Borough of Dartford to the east and Sevenoaks district to the southeast , both in the ceremonial county of Kent . The London Borough of Bexley is within the Thames Gateway , an area designated as a national priority for urban regeneration . The local authority is Bexley London Borough Council . The main settlements are Sidcup , Erith , Bexleyheath , Crayford , Welling and Old Bexley .'}]}, {'value': 'B16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bexleyheath bus garage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bexleyheath', 'summary': 'Bexleyheath is a town in the London Borough of Bexley in Greater London , England with a population of 31,929 . It is 12 miles ( 19.3 km ) south-east of Charing Cross , and is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London .'}, {'url': '/wiki/London_Central', 'summary': 'London Central is a bus company operating in South London . It is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group and operates services under contract to Transport for London .'}]}, {'value': 'Kidbrooke Station', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kidbrooke_railway_station', 'summary': 'Kidbrooke railway station serves Kidbrooke in the Royal Borough of Greenwich , south-east London . It is 9 miles 51 chains ( 15.5 km ) measured from London Victoria . The station and all trains serving it are operated by Southeastern .'}]}, {'value': 'London Central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Central', 'summary': 'London Central is a bus company operating in South London . It is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group and operates services under contract to Transport for London .'}]}, {'value': 'Bexley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Bexley', 'summary': 'The London Borough of Bexley /ˈbɛksli/ ( listen ) is a London borough in Southeast London , forming part of Outer London . It has boundaries with the London Borough of Bromley to the south and the Royal Borough of Greenwich to the west ; across the River Thames to the north it borders the London Borough of Havering and London Borough of Barking and Dagenham ; there is a short boundary with the unitary authority of Thurrock in Essex to the northeast . There are boundaries with the Borough of Dartford to the east and Sevenoaks district to the southeast , both in the ceremonial county of Kent . The London Borough of Bexley is within the Thames Gateway , an area designated as a national priority for urban regeneration . The local authority is Bexley London Borough Council . The main settlements are Sidcup , Erith , Bexleyheath , Crayford , Welling and Old Bexley .'}]}, {'value': 'C1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victoria,_London', 'summary': 'Victoria is an area of central London in the City of Westminster . It is named after Victoria Station , which is a major transport hub . The station was named after the nearby Victoria Street , itself named after Queen Victoria . The name is used to describe streets adjoining or nearly adjoining the station , including Victoria Street , Buckingham Palace Road , Wilton Road , Grosvenor Gardens , and Vauxhall Bridge Road . Victoria consists predominantly of commercial property and private and social housing , with retail uses along the main streets . The area contains one of the busiest transport interchanges in London and the United Kingdom , including the listed railway station and the underground station , as well as Terminus Place , which is a major hub for bus and taxi services . Victoria Coach Station , 900 yards ( 800 metres ) southwest of the railway station , provides road-coach services to long-distance UK and continental destinations . Victoria Street runs on an east-west axis from Victoria station to Broad Sanctuary at Westminster Abbey . Cardinal Place , across the street from Westminster Cathedral , opened in 2006 and contains a selection of restaurants , banks and shops , including a Marks and Spencer store . Further along the street , there is a large House of Fraser department store ( formerly the Army & Navy ) opposite Westminster City Hall . At the Broad Sanctuary end is the Department for Business , Energy and Industrial Strategy building , the headquarters of Transport for London at Windsor House , and the former New Scotland Yard building ( headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service from 1967 to 2016 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'White City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/White_City_bus_station', 'summary': 'White City bus station serves the White City area of west London and Westfield London shopping centre . The bus station was opened on 29 November 2008 to serve the new Westfield London shopping centre . The station has been built around the Grade II listed Dimco Buildings , originally the power station for the Central London Railway , which date from 1898 . The bus station is 100 metres away from Wood Lane tube station on the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines .'}]}, {'value': 'London United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_United_Busways', 'summary': 'London United is a bus company operating mostly in west and south-west Greater London . It is a subsidiary of the RATP Group and operates services under contract to Transport for London .'}]}, {'value': 'Central London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Central_London', 'summary': 'Central London ( also known less commonly as London City Centre ) is the innermost part of London , in England , spanning several boroughs . Over time , a number of definitions have been used to define the scope of Central London for statistics , urban planning and local government . Its characteristics are understood to include a high density built environment , high land values , an elevated daytime population and a concentration of regionally , nationally and internationally significant organisations and facilities . Road distances to London are traditionally measured from a central point at Charing Cross ( in the City of Westminster ) , which is marked by the statue of King Charles I at the junction of the Strand , Whitehall and Cockspur Street , just south of Trafalgar Square .'}]}, {'value': 'C3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clapham Junction', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clapham_Junction_railway_station', 'summary': "Clapham Junction railway station ( /ˈklæpəmˈdʒʌŋkʃən/ ) is a major railway station and transport hub near St John 's Hill in south-west Battersea in the London Borough of Wandsworth . It is 2 miles 57 chains ( 2.71 mi ; 4.37 km ) from London Victoria and 3 miles 74 chains ( 3.93 mi ; 6.32 km ) measured from London Waterloo ; it is on both the South Western main line and Brighton main line as well as numerous other routes and branch lines passing through or diverging from the main lines at this station . Despite its name , Clapham Junction is not located in Clapham , a district situated approximately 1 mile ,0 1px 5px 0 rgba ( 0,0,0 , .12 ) ,0 3px 1px -2px rgba ( 0,0,0 , .2 ) } ."}]}, {'value': 'Earls Court Tesco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earls_Court', 'summary': "Earl 's Court is a district in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in West London , bordering the rail tracks of the West London line and District line that separate it from the ancient borough of Fulham to the west , the sub-districts of South Kensington to the east , Chelsea to the south and Kensington to the north . It lent its name to the now defunct eponymous pleasure grounds opened in 1887 followed by the pre-World War II Earls Court Exhibition Centre , as one of the country 's largest indoor arenas and a popular concert venue , until its controversial closure in 2014 . The area has long been known as Bedsitter Land with many of its stuccoed terraces converted into hotels and hostels . In practice , the notion of Earl 's Court , which is geographically confined to the SW5 postal district , tends to apply beyond its boundary to parts of the neighbouring Fulham area with its SW6 and W14 postcodes to the west , and to adjacent streets in postcodes SW7 , SW10 and W8 in Kensington and Chelsea ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tesco', 'summary': 'Tesco plc ( /ˈtɛs.koʊ/ ) trading as Tesco , is a British multinational groceries and general merchandise retailer with headquarters in Welwyn Garden City , Hertfordshire , England , United Kingdom . It is the third-largest retailer in the world measured by gross revenues and the ninth-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues . It has shops in seven countries across Asia and Europe , and is the market leader of groceries in the UK ( where it has a market share of around 28.4% ) , Ireland , Hungary and Thailand . Tesco was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen as a group of market stalls . The Tesco name first appeared in 1924 , after Cohen purchased a shipment of tea from T. E. Stockwell and combined those initials with the first two letters of his surname , and the first Tesco shop opened in 1931 in Burnt Oak , Barnet . His business expanded rapidly , and by 1939 he had over 100 Tesco shops across the country .'}]}, {'value': 'Abellio London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abellio_(London_&_Surrey)', 'summary': 'Abellio London is a bus company operating services in Greater London . A subsidiary of Abellio , it operates services under contract to Transport for London . Until September 2018 , services were operated in Surrey under the Abellio Surrey brand .'}]}, {'value': 'Chelsea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chelsea,_London', 'summary': "Chelsea is an area of South West London , bounded to the south by the River Thames . Its river frontage runs from Chelsea Bridge along the Chelsea Embankment , Cheyne Walk , Lots Road and Chelsea Harbour . Its eastern boundary was once defined by the River Westbourne , which is now in a pipe above Sloane Square Underground station . The modern eastern boundary is Chelsea Bridge Road and the lower half of Sloane Street , including Sloane Square . To the north and northwest , the area fades into Knightsbridge and Brompton , but it is considered [ by whom ? ] that the area north of King 's Road as far northwest as Fulham Road is part of Chelsea . The district lies entirely within the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea , although Chelsea gives its name to nearby locations , such as Chelsea Harbour in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham , and Chelsea Barracks in the City of Westminster . From 1900 , and until the creation of Greater London in 1965 , it formed the Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea in the County of London . The exclusivity of Chelsea as a result of its high property-prices historically resulted in the coining of the term Sloane Ranger in the 1970s to characterise its residents . Since 2011 Channel 4 has broadcast a reality-television show called Made in Chelsea , documenting the lives of affluent young people living there . Chelsea is home to one of the largest communities of Americans living outside the United States , with 6.53% of Chelsea residents having been born in the US ."}]}, {'value': 'C10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada Water', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada_Water_bus_station', 'summary': 'Canada Water bus station serves the Surrey Quays area of the London Borough of Southwark , London , England . The station is owned and maintained by Transport for London . The bus station was opened in 1999 at the same time as the Jubilee line extension to Stratford reached Canada Water and is accessible by escalator from Canada Water Station below easily . It is very near to Surrey Quays Shopping Centre . There is one alighting stand and four boarding stands within the bus station . The glass-roofed bus station was designed by Eva Jiřičná . It is a hub for services in the Rotherhithe and Bermondsey areas as well as an interchange for the tube station . Its most distinctive feature is a row of 16 m ( 52 ft ) -long roof spans cantilevered from a row of central columns supporting a 100 m ( 330 ft ) -long glass and aluminium canopy . This provides acoustic protection to the surrounding residential blocks and shelters passengers waiting below from the elements .'}]}, {'value': 'Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victoria,_London', 'summary': 'Victoria is an area of central London in the City of Westminster . It is named after Victoria Station , which is a major transport hub . The station was named after the nearby Victoria Street , itself named after Queen Victoria . The name is used to describe streets adjoining or nearly adjoining the station , including Victoria Street , Buckingham Palace Road , Wilton Road , Grosvenor Gardens , and Vauxhall Bridge Road . Victoria consists predominantly of commercial property and private and social housing , with retail uses along the main streets . The area contains one of the busiest transport interchanges in London and the United Kingdom , including the listed railway station and the underground station , as well as Terminus Place , which is a major hub for bus and taxi services . Victoria Coach Station , 900 yards ( 800 metres ) southwest of the railway station , provides road-coach services to long-distance UK and continental destinations . Victoria Street runs on an east-west axis from Victoria station to Broad Sanctuary at Westminster Abbey . Cardinal Place , across the street from Westminster Cathedral , opened in 2006 and contains a selection of restaurants , banks and shops , including a Marks and Spencer store . Further along the street , there is a large House of Fraser department store ( formerly the Army & Navy ) opposite Westminster City Hall . At the Broad Sanctuary end is the Department for Business , Energy and Industrial Strategy building , the headquarters of Transport for London at Windsor House , and the former New Scotland Yard building ( headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service from 1967 to 2016 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Abellio London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abellio_(London_&_Surrey)', 'summary': 'Abellio London is a bus company operating services in Greater London . A subsidiary of Abellio , it operates services under contract to Transport for London . Until September 2018 , services were operated in Surrey under the Abellio Surrey brand .'}]}, {'value': 'Central London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Central_London', 'summary': 'Central London ( also known less commonly as London City Centre ) is the innermost part of London , in England , spanning several boroughs . Over time , a number of definitions have been used to define the scope of Central London for statistics , urban planning and local government . Its characteristics are understood to include a high density built environment , high land values , an elevated daytime population and a concentration of regionally , nationally and internationally significant organisations and facilities . Road distances to London are traditionally measured from a central point at Charing Cross ( in the City of Westminster ) , which is marked by the statue of King Charles I at the junction of the Strand , Whitehall and Cockspur Street , just south of Trafalgar Square .'}]}, {'value': 'C11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Archway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archway,_London', 'summary': 'Archway is an inner neighbourhood of London , forming part of the London Borough of Islington . It is located 3.8 miles ( 6 km ) north of Charing Cross and is identified as a district centre in the London Plan , surrounded by mixed-density residential development . It straddles the A1 in London and is named after an erstwhile local landmark , the high , single-arched Archway Bridge which crossed the road in a cutting to the north . It has a modern commercial hub around Vantage Point ( formerly Archway Tower ) and Archway tube station .'}]}, {'value': 'Brent Cross', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brent_Cross_bus_station', 'summary': 'Brent Cross Bus Station opened in 1976 as part of the Brent Cross Shopping Centre in the London Borough of Barnet , England . Brent Cross station on the Northern line is approximately 400 metres away , although the walk is unattractive , due to the surrounding major roads . There are four stands at the bus station and it is served by Transport for London contracted operators Arriva London , London Sovereign and Metroline . Buses go from the bus station as far as Barnet , Ealing , Edmonton , Finsbury Park , Hammersmith , Harrow Weald , Oxford Circus , Stanmore and Watford . It was initially only served by buses during shopping hours but is now served 24 hours a day .'}]}, {'value': 'Metroline', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metroline', 'summary': 'Metroline is a bus company operating services in Greater London . It is a subsidiary of ComfortDelGro Corporation and operates services under contract to Transport for London . Operations are split between two registered companies , Metroline Travel Limited and Metroline West Limited .'}]}, {'value': 'Camden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Camden', 'summary': 'The London Borough of Camden is a borough in Northwest London ; it forms part of Inner London . Historically in Middlesex , some southern ( more central ) areas of the borough , such as Holborn , are sometimes described as part of the West End of London . The local authority is Camden London Borough Council .'}]}, {'value': 'D3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bethnal Green Chest Hospital', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bethnal_Green', 'summary': "Bethnal Green is an area in the East End of London which lies 3.3 miles ( 5.3 km ) northeast of Charing Cross . It is an electoral ward of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets , though the wider area stretches across both Bethnal Green Ward and St Peter 's ward . Part of the area has been designated by the council as a conservation area which includes a number of important listed buildings . The area emerged from the hamlet which developed around the Green , much of which survives today as Bethnal Green Gardens , located on Canbridge Heath Road . The hamlet was part of the ancient parish of Stepney , but adopted its definition as a wider district when , following population increases caused by the expansion of London in the 18th century , it was split off from Stepney as the parish of Bethnal Green in 1743 . It became part of the metropolis in 1855 and the County of London in 1889 . The parish became the Metropolitan Borough of Bethnal Green in 1900 . In 1965 it was abolished and became a district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets . The economic history of Bethnal Green is characterised by a shift away from agricultural provision for the City of London to market gardening , weaving and light industry , which has now all but disappeared . The quality of the built environment had deteriorated by the turn of the 20th century and was radically altered by aerial bombardment in the Second World War and the subsequent social housing developments . In 1943 , 173 people were killed at a single incident at Bethnal Green Underground station . Bethnal Green has formed part of Greater London since 1965 and is connected to the London Underground and London Overground ."}, {'url': '/wiki/London_Chest_Hospital', 'summary': "The London Chest Hospital , located in Bethnal Green in London , adjacent to Victoria Park , was a hospital with a national reputation for treatment of cardiac and pulmonary disease . Since 1999 it had been run by the Barts Health NHS Trust . It closed in April 2015 as part of the creation of the Barts Heart Centre at St Bartholomew 's Hospital , by consolidation of services from the London Chest Hospital and The Heart Hospital , part of University College London Hospital ."}]}, {'value': 'Leamouth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leamouth', 'summary': 'Leamouth is a mixed-use development and historically a wharf in the Port of London in Blackwall . It lies on the west side of the confluence of the Bow Creek stretch of the Lea , and the River Thames . The neighbourhood consists of two small peninsulas , separated from the rest of Poplar by both the river and the remaining part of the East India Docks and became more seen as part of Canning Town . The northern peninsula lies in a hairpin meander and is named Goodluck Hope after one of the adjacent reaches of the Lea , while the other is known as Orchard Place . The area was long referred to locally as Bog Island , due to its inaccessibility and propensity to flood ; however the building of the Thames Barrier and the artificial raising of the more vulnerable riverside land , means the nickname refers to a now much reduced threat .'}]}, {'value': 'Stagecoach London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stagecoach_London', 'summary': 'Stagecoach London is a bus operator in London . It is a subsidiary of Stagecoach and operates services under contract to Transport for London mostly in east and south-east and partly in central London'}]}, {'value': 'Docklands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Docklands', 'summary': "London Docklands is the riverfront and former docks in London . It is located in inner east and southeast London , in the boroughs of Southwark , Tower Hamlets , Lewisham , Newham , and Greenwich . The docks were formerly part of the Port of London , at one time the world 's largest port . After the docks closed , the area had become derelict and poverty-ridden by the 1980s . The Docklands ' regeneration began later that decade ; it has been redeveloped principally for commercial and residential use . The name London Docklands was used for the first time in a government report on redevelopment plans in 1971 and has since been almost universally adopted . The redevelopment created wealth , but also led to some conflict between the new and old communities in the area ."}]}, {'value': 'D6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ash Grove', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ash_Grove_bus_garage', 'summary': "Ash Grove bus garage is a bus garage in Hackney , east London . It is located on the A107 Mare Street , where it crosses the Regent 's Canal . The depot is occupied by two companies , CT Plus and Arriva London , and holds around thirty buses . Opened in 1981 by London Buses , it was closed in 1991 following the abandonment of the London Forest subsidiary , but reopened in 1994 by Kentish Bus . East Thames Buses have also used the site ."}]}, {'value': 'Crossharbour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isle_of_Dogs', 'summary': "The Isle of Dogs is a large peninsula bounded on three sides by a large meander in the River Thames in East London , England , which includes the Poplar , Millwall , Limehouse and Canary Wharf districts . The name had no official status until the 1987 creation of the Isle of Dogs Neighbourhood by Tower Hamlets London Borough Council . It has been known locally as simply the Island since the 19th century . The whole area was once simply known as Stepney Marsh ; Anton van den Wyngaerde 's Panorama of London dated 1543 depicts and refers to the Isle of Dogs . Records show that ships preparing to carry the English royal household to Calais in 1520 docked at the southern bank of the island . The name Isle of Dogges occurs in the Thamesis Descriptio of 1588 , applied to a small island in the south-western part of the peninsula . The name is next applied to the Isle of Dogs Fam ( originally known as Pomfret Manor ) shown on a map of 1683 . At the same time , the area was variously known as Isle of Dogs or the Blackwell levels . By 1855 , it was incorporated within the parish of Poplar under the aegis of the Poplar Board of Works . This was incorporated into the Metropolitan Borough of Poplar on its formation in 1900 ."}]}, {'value': 'CT Plus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CT_Plus', 'summary': 'HCT Group is a social enterprise providing transport services and community services in Bristol , Guernsey , Jersey , London and Yorkshire . It was founded in 1982 as Hackney Community Transport in the London Borough of Hackney to provide transport services for local voluntary organisations , charities and community groups . HCT Group is registered as a company limited by guarantee ( and has therefore no shareholders ) . The company is also a registered charity . The HCT Group was founded in 1982 and in 2014 had a fleet of 500 vehicles and a turnover of £43.7m and employs over 700 people . In June 2011 it reinvested 37% of annual profits into local community services , its best performance to date . Its chief executive , Dai Powell , joined the social enterprise as a bus cleaner .'}]}, {'value': 'Docklands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Docklands', 'summary': "London Docklands is the riverfront and former docks in London . It is located in inner east and southeast London , in the boroughs of Southwark , Tower Hamlets , Lewisham , Newham , and Greenwich . The docks were formerly part of the Port of London , at one time the world 's largest port . After the docks closed , the area had become derelict and poverty-ridden by the 1980s . The Docklands ' regeneration began later that decade ; it has been redeveloped principally for commercial and residential use . The name London Docklands was used for the first time in a government report on redevelopment plans in 1971 and has since been almost universally adopted . The redevelopment created wealth , but also led to some conflict between the new and old communities in the area ."}]}, {'value': 'D7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mile End', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mile_End', 'summary': 'Mile End is a district in the East End of London , England , 3.6 miles ( 5.8 km ) east-northeast of Charing Cross . Situated on the London-to-Colchester road , it was one of the earliest suburbs of the City of London . It became part of the metropolitan area of London in 1855 , and is connected to the London Underground . It was also known as Mile End Old Town ; the name provides a geographical distinction from the unconnected former hamlet called Mile End New Town . In 2011 , Mile End had a population of 28,544 .'}]}, {'value': 'Poplar All Saints', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poplar,_London', 'summary': 'Poplar is a district in East London , England , the administrative centre of the borough of Tower Hamlets . Five miles ( 8 km ) east of Charing Cross , it is part of the East End and of the Port of London , forming the eastern and northeastern side of the Isle of Dogs and having a long shoreline along the Tideway section of the Thames . It is identified as a major district centre in the London Plan , with its district centre being Chrisp Street Market , a significant commercial and retail centre surrounded by extensive residential development . Poplar includes Poplar Baths , Blackwall Yard and Trinity Buoy Wharf and contains two localities , Blackwall and South Bromley . Originally part of the ancient parish of Stepney , Poplar became a civil parish in 1817 . In 1855 , Poplar joined with neighbouring Bromley and Bow to form the Poplar District of the Metropolis . The district became the Metropolitan Borough of Poplar in 1900 , and in 1965 merged with the Metropolitan Boroughs of Stepney and Bethnal Green to form the new London Borough of Tower Hamlets .'}]}, {'value': 'Docklands Buses', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Docklands_Buses', 'summary': 'Docklands Buses is a bus company operating in East London . It is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group and operates services under contract to Transport for London .'}]}, {'value': 'Docklands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Docklands', 'summary': "London Docklands is the riverfront and former docks in London . It is located in inner east and southeast London , in the boroughs of Southwark , Tower Hamlets , Lewisham , Newham , and Greenwich . The docks were formerly part of the Port of London , at one time the world 's largest port . After the docks closed , the area had become derelict and poverty-ridden by the 1980s . The Docklands ' regeneration began later that decade ; it has been redeveloped principally for commercial and residential use . The name London Docklands was used for the first time in a government report on redevelopment plans in 1971 and has since been almost universally adopted . The redevelopment created wealth , but also led to some conflict between the new and old communities in the area ."}]}, {'value': 'D8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crossharbour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isle_of_Dogs', 'summary': "The Isle of Dogs is a large peninsula bounded on three sides by a large meander in the River Thames in East London , England , which includes the Poplar , Millwall , Limehouse and Canary Wharf districts . The name had no official status until the 1987 creation of the Isle of Dogs Neighbourhood by Tower Hamlets London Borough Council . It has been known locally as simply the Island since the 19th century . The whole area was once simply known as Stepney Marsh ; Anton van den Wyngaerde 's Panorama of London dated 1543 depicts and refers to the Isle of Dogs . Records show that ships preparing to carry the English royal household to Calais in 1520 docked at the southern bank of the island . The name Isle of Dogges occurs in the Thamesis Descriptio of 1588 , applied to a small island in the south-western part of the peninsula . The name is next applied to the Isle of Dogs Fam ( originally known as Pomfret Manor ) shown on a map of 1683 . At the same time , the area was variously known as Isle of Dogs or the Blackwell levels . By 1855 , it was incorporated within the parish of Poplar under the aegis of the Poplar Board of Works . This was incorporated into the Metropolitan Borough of Poplar on its formation in 1900 ."}]}, {'value': 'Stratford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stratford_bus_station', 'summary': 'Stratford bus station is a bus and coach station and taxi rank ( known as Meridian Square ) which is split into two separate sections in Stratford in London , England . The station is owned and maintained by Transport for London and forms a part of the Stratford transport hub , providing a direct interchange between rail and bus/taxicab services .'}]}, {'value': 'Tower Transit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tower_Transit', 'summary': 'Tower Transit is a Transport for London contracted bus operator operating mainly in west and east London . It is a subsidiary of SeaLink Travel Group .'}]}, {'value': 'Docklands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Docklands', 'summary': "London Docklands is the riverfront and former docks in London . It is located in inner east and southeast London , in the boroughs of Southwark , Tower Hamlets , Lewisham , Newham , and Greenwich . The docks were formerly part of the Port of London , at one time the world 's largest port . After the docks closed , the area had become derelict and poverty-ridden by the 1980s . The Docklands ' regeneration began later that decade ; it has been redeveloped principally for commercial and residential use . The name London Docklands was used for the first time in a government report on redevelopment plans in 1971 and has since been almost universally adopted . The redevelopment created wealth , but also led to some conflict between the new and old communities in the area ."}]}, {'value': 'E1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ealing Broadway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ealing_Broadway', 'summary': "Ealing ( /ˈiːlɪŋ/ ) is a district of West London , England , located 7.9 miles ( 12.7 km ) west of Charing Cross . Located within the London Borough of Ealing , it is one of the borough 's seven major towns ( alongside Acton , Greenford , Hanwell , Northolt , Perivale and Southall ) . Ealing , covering the W5 and W13 postal code areas is the administrative centre of the borough , is identified as a major metropolitan centre in the London Plan . Ealing is in the historic county of Middlesex . Until the urban expansion of London in the late 19th century and early 20th centuries Ealing was a rural village within Ealing parish . Improvement in communications with London , culminating with the opening of the railway station in 1838 , shifted the local economy to market garden supply and eventually to suburban development . By 1902 Ealing had become known as the Queen of the Suburbs due to its greenery , and because it was halfway between city and country . As part of the growth of London in the 20th century , Ealing significantly expanded and increased in population . It became a municipal borough in 1901 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965 . It is now a significant commercial and retail centre with a developed night-time economy . Ealing has the characteristics of both leafy suburban and inner-city development , and some areas , such as Pitshanger , retain the atmosphere of a village . Ealing 's town centre is often referred to as Ealing Broadway , the name of both a railway interchange and a shopping centre ."}]}, {'value': 'Greenford Broadway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greenford_Broadway', 'summary': 'Greenford ( /ˈɡriːnfərd/ ) is a large suburb in the London Borough of Ealing in Greater London , England , lying 11 miles ( 18 km ) west from Charing Cross in Central London . It was an ancient parish in the historic county of Middlesex . It has a population of 46,787 inhabitants , or 62,126 with the inclusion of Perivale . Greenford is served by Greenford Station ( London Underground Central Line and Greenford branch of the Great Western Railway mainline service ) . South Greenford mainline station ( on the A40 Western Avenue , also on the Greenford branch of the GWR ) is actually in Perivale . Neither station is in Greenford Town Centre ( Greenford Broadway ) , which instead is served by many local buses . Nearby places include Yeading , Hanwell , Perivale , Southall , Northolt , Ealing , Sudbury , Harrow and Wembley . The most prominent landmarks in the suburb are Horsenden Hill , 279 feet ( 85 m ) above sea level ; the small Parish Church of Holy Cross ( 14th century ) ; and Betham House , built by Edward Betham ( c. 1780 ) . Greenford covers a large area bearing its name , including over two miles through Greenford Road which gives it three distinct localities : North Greenford , Greenford Green , and Greenford Broadway - this is also reflected in the names of the electoral wards . Though a separate town within the borough of Ealing , the Royal Mail includes Perivale within the Greenford post area and as such the two share the UB6 postcode .'}]}, {'value': 'Abellio London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abellio_(London_&_Surrey)', 'summary': 'Abellio London is a bus company operating services in Greater London . A subsidiary of Abellio , it operates services under contract to Transport for London . Until September 2018 , services were operated in Surrey under the Abellio Surrey brand .'}]}, {'value': 'Ealing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Ealing', 'summary': "The London Borough of Ealing ( /ˈiːlɪŋ/ ( listen ) ) is a London borough in West London . It comprises seven major towns : Acton ( W3 ) , Ealing ( W5 , W13 ) , Greenford ( UB6 ) , Hanwell ( W7 ) , Northolt ( UB5 ) , Perivale ( UB6 ) and Southall ( UB1 , UB2 ) . Ealing is the third largest London borough in population and eleventh largest in area , covering part of west London and a small part of Northwest London . It bridges Inner and Outer London . Ealing 's administrative centre is in Ealing Broadway . Ealing London Borough Council is the local authority . Ealing is the only London Borough to have adopted a flag . Ealing has long been known as the Queen of the Suburbs due to its many parks and tree-lined streets ; the term was coined in 1902 by Ealings borough surveyor , Charles Jones . This is reflected by the tree emblem seen on the Ealing Council logo and Ealing 's coat of arms ."}]}, {'value': 'E2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brentford Commerce Road', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brentford', 'summary': 'Brentford ( /ˈbrɛntfərd/ ) is a town in west London , England and part of the London Borough of Hounslow . It lies at the confluence of the River Brent and the Thames , 8 miles ( 13 km ) west of Charing Cross . Historically part of Middlesex , it has formed part of Greater London since 1965 . Its economy has diverse company headquarters buildings which mark the start of the M4 corridor ; in transport it also has two railway stations and Boston Manor Underground station on its north-west border with Hanwell . Brentford has a convenience shopping and dining venue grid of streets at its centre . Brentford at the start of the 21st century attracted regeneration of its little-used warehouse premises and docks including the re-modelling of the waterfront to provide more economically active shops , townhouses and apartments , some of which comprises Brentford Dock . A 19th and 20th centuries mixed social and private housing locality : New Brentford is contiguous with the Osterley neighbourhood of Isleworth and Syon Park and the Great West Road which has most of the largest business premises .'}]}, {'value': 'Greenford Broadway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greenford_Broadway', 'summary': 'Greenford ( /ˈɡriːnfərd/ ) is a large suburb in the London Borough of Ealing in Greater London , England , lying 11 miles ( 18 km ) west from Charing Cross in Central London . It was an ancient parish in the historic county of Middlesex . It has a population of 46,787 inhabitants , or 62,126 with the inclusion of Perivale . Greenford is served by Greenford Station ( London Underground Central Line and Greenford branch of the Great Western Railway mainline service ) . South Greenford mainline station ( on the A40 Western Avenue , also on the Greenford branch of the GWR ) is actually in Perivale . Neither station is in Greenford Town Centre ( Greenford Broadway ) , which instead is served by many local buses . Nearby places include Yeading , Hanwell , Perivale , Southall , Northolt , Ealing , Sudbury , Harrow and Wembley . The most prominent landmarks in the suburb are Horsenden Hill , 279 feet ( 85 m ) above sea level ; the small Parish Church of Holy Cross ( 14th century ) ; and Betham House , built by Edward Betham ( c. 1780 ) . Greenford covers a large area bearing its name , including over two miles through Greenford Road which gives it three distinct localities : North Greenford , Greenford Green , and Greenford Broadway - this is also reflected in the names of the electoral wards . Though a separate town within the borough of Ealing , the Royal Mail includes Perivale within the Greenford post area and as such the two share the UB6 postcode .'}]}, {'value': 'Metroline', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metroline', 'summary': 'Metroline is a bus company operating services in Greater London . It is a subsidiary of ComfortDelGro Corporation and operates services under contract to Transport for London . Operations are split between two registered companies , Metroline Travel Limited and Metroline West Limited .'}]}, {'value': 'Ealing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Ealing', 'summary': "The London Borough of Ealing ( /ˈiːlɪŋ/ ( listen ) ) is a London borough in West London . It comprises seven major towns : Acton ( W3 ) , Ealing ( W5 , W13 ) , Greenford ( UB6 ) , Hanwell ( W7 ) , Northolt ( UB5 ) , Perivale ( UB6 ) and Southall ( UB1 , UB2 ) . Ealing is the third largest London borough in population and eleventh largest in area , covering part of west London and a small part of Northwest London . It bridges Inner and Outer London . Ealing 's administrative centre is in Ealing Broadway . Ealing London Borough Council is the local authority . Ealing is the only London Borough to have adopted a flag . Ealing has long been known as the Queen of the Suburbs due to its many parks and tree-lined streets ; the term was coined in 1902 by Ealings borough surveyor , Charles Jones . This is reflected by the tree emblem seen on the Ealing Council logo and Ealing 's coat of arms ."}]}, {'value': 'E3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chiswick Edensor Road', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chiswick', 'summary': "Chiswick ( /ˈtʃɪzɪk/ ( listen ) CHIZ-ik ) is a district of west London , England . It contains Hogarth 's House , the former residence of the 18th-century English artist William Hogarth ; Chiswick House , a neo-Palladian villa regarded as one of the finest in England ; and Fuller 's Brewery , London 's largest and oldest brewery . In a meander of the River Thames used for competitive and recreational rowing , with several rowing clubs on the river bank , the finishing post for the Boat Race is just downstream of Chiswick Bridge . Chiswick was an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex , with an agrarian and fishing economy beside the river . Having good communications with London , Chiswick became a popular country retreat and part of the suburban growth of London in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . It became the Municipal Borough of Brentford and Chiswick in 1932 and part of Greater London in 1965 , when it merged into the London Borough of Hounslow . Chiswick is an affluent area which includes Bedford Park , Grove Park , the Glebe Estate , Strand-on-the-Green and Tube stations Chiswick Park , Turnham Green and Gunnersbury , as well as the Gunnersbury Triangle local nature reserve . Chiswick Roundabout is the start of the North Circular Road ( A406 ) . At Hogarth Roundabout , the Great West Road from central London becomes the M4 motorway , providing a transport connection to Heathrow Airport and the M4 corridor . The Great Chertsey Road ( A316 ) runs south-west from the Hogarth Roundabout , becoming the M3 motorway . People who have lived in Chiswick include the poets Alexander Pope and W. B. Yeats , the Italian revolutionary Ugo Foscolo , the Impressionist painter Camille Pissarro , the novelist E. M. Forster , rock musician Pete Townshend , and stage director Peter Brook ."}]}, {'value': 'Greenford Broadway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greenford_Broadway', 'summary': 'Greenford ( /ˈɡriːnfərd/ ) is a large suburb in the London Borough of Ealing in Greater London , England , lying 11 miles ( 18 km ) west from Charing Cross in Central London . It was an ancient parish in the historic county of Middlesex . It has a population of 46,787 inhabitants , or 62,126 with the inclusion of Perivale . Greenford is served by Greenford Station ( London Underground Central Line and Greenford branch of the Great Western Railway mainline service ) . South Greenford mainline station ( on the A40 Western Avenue , also on the Greenford branch of the GWR ) is actually in Perivale . Neither station is in Greenford Town Centre ( Greenford Broadway ) , which instead is served by many local buses . Nearby places include Yeading , Hanwell , Perivale , Southall , Northolt , Ealing , Sudbury , Harrow and Wembley . The most prominent landmarks in the suburb are Horsenden Hill , 279 feet ( 85 m ) above sea level ; the small Parish Church of Holy Cross ( 14th century ) ; and Betham House , built by Edward Betham ( c. 1780 ) . Greenford covers a large area bearing its name , including over two miles through Greenford Road which gives it three distinct localities : North Greenford , Greenford Green , and Greenford Broadway - this is also reflected in the names of the electoral wards . Though a separate town within the borough of Ealing , the Royal Mail includes Perivale within the Greenford post area and as such the two share the UB6 postcode .'}]}, {'value': 'London United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_United_Busways', 'summary': 'London United is a bus company operating mostly in west and south-west Greater London . It is a subsidiary of the RATP Group and operates services under contract to Transport for London .'}]}, {'value': 'Ealing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Ealing', 'summary': "The London Borough of Ealing ( /ˈiːlɪŋ/ ( listen ) ) is a London borough in West London . It comprises seven major towns : Acton ( W3 ) , Ealing ( W5 , W13 ) , Greenford ( UB6 ) , Hanwell ( W7 ) , Northolt ( UB5 ) , Perivale ( UB6 ) and Southall ( UB1 , UB2 ) . Ealing is the third largest London borough in population and eleventh largest in area , covering part of west London and a small part of Northwest London . It bridges Inner and Outer London . Ealing 's administrative centre is in Ealing Broadway . Ealing London Borough Council is the local authority . Ealing is the only London Borough to have adopted a flag . Ealing has long been known as the Queen of the Suburbs due to its many parks and tree-lined streets ; the term was coined in 1902 by Ealings borough surveyor , Charles Jones . This is reflected by the tree emblem seen on the Ealing Council logo and Ealing 's coat of arms ."}]}, {'value': 'E5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Perivale Tesco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perivale', 'summary': 'Perivale ( /ˈpɛrɪˌveɪl/ ) is an area of Greater London , 9.5 miles ( 15.3 km ) west of Charing Cross . It is the smallest of the seven towns which make up the London Borough of Ealing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tesco', 'summary': 'Tesco plc ( /ˈtɛs.koʊ/ ) trading as Tesco , is a British multinational groceries and general merchandise retailer with headquarters in Welwyn Garden City , Hertfordshire , England , United Kingdom . It is the third-largest retailer in the world measured by gross revenues and the ninth-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues . It has shops in seven countries across Asia and Europe , and is the market leader of groceries in the UK ( where it has a market share of around 28.4% ) , Ireland , Hungary and Thailand . Tesco was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen as a group of market stalls . The Tesco name first appeared in 1924 , after Cohen purchased a shipment of tea from T. E. Stockwell and combined those initials with the first two letters of his surname , and the first Tesco shop opened in 1931 in Burnt Oak , Barnet . His business expanded rapidly , and by 1939 he had over 100 Tesco shops across the country .'}]}, {'value': 'Southall Toplocks Estate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southall', 'summary': "Southall ( English : /ˈsaʊθɔːl/ ) is a large suburban district of west London , England , and part of the London Borough of Ealing . It is situated 10.7 miles ( 17.2 km ) west of Charing Cross . Neighbouring places include Yeading , Hayes , Hanwell , Hounslow , Greenford and Northolt . The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London . It had a population of 69,857 as of 2011 . Southall is located on the Grand Union Canal ( formerly the Grand Junction Canal ) which first linked London with the rest of the growing canal system . It was one of the last canals to carry significant commercial traffic ( through the 1950s ) and is still open to traffic and is used by pleasure craft . It is generally divided in three parts : the area around Lady Margaret Road ( sometimes called Dormers Wells ) ; Southall Broadway ( including the Uxbridge Road ) , and Old Southall/Southall Green to the south . The area is home to London 's largest Sikh community and is a major centre of South Asian culture , having gained the nickname Little India ."}]}, {'value': 'Abellio London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abellio_(London_&_Surrey)', 'summary': 'Abellio London is a bus company operating services in Greater London . A subsidiary of Abellio , it operates services under contract to Transport for London . Until September 2018 , services were operated in Surrey under the Abellio Surrey brand .'}]}, {'value': 'Ealing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Ealing', 'summary': "The London Borough of Ealing ( /ˈiːlɪŋ/ ( listen ) ) is a London borough in West London . It comprises seven major towns : Acton ( W3 ) , Ealing ( W5 , W13 ) , Greenford ( UB6 ) , Hanwell ( W7 ) , Northolt ( UB5 ) , Perivale ( UB6 ) and Southall ( UB1 , UB2 ) . Ealing is the third largest London borough in population and eleventh largest in area , covering part of west London and a small part of Northwest London . It bridges Inner and Outer London . Ealing 's administrative centre is in Ealing Broadway . Ealing London Borough Council is the local authority . Ealing is the only London Borough to have adopted a flag . Ealing has long been known as the Queen of the Suburbs due to its many parks and tree-lined streets ; the term was coined in 1902 by Ealings borough surveyor , Charles Jones . This is reflected by the tree emblem seen on the Ealing Council logo and Ealing 's coat of arms ."}]}, {'value': 'E6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bulls Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bulls_Bridge', 'summary': "Hayes is a town in west London , situated 13 miles ( 21 km ) west of Charing Cross and part of the London Borough of Hillingdon . The town 's population , including its localities Hayes End , Harlington and Yeading , was recorded as 83,564 in the 2011 census . Hayes has a long history . The area appears in the Domesday Book ( 1086 ) . Landmarks in the area include the Grade II* listed Parish Church , St Mary 's - the central portion of the church survives from the twelfth century and it remains in use ( the church dates back to 830 A.D. ) - and Barra Hall , a Grade II listed manor house . The town 's oldest public house - the Adam and Eve , on the Uxbridge Road - though not the original seventeenth-century structure , has remained on the same site since 1665 . Hayes is best known as the erstwhile home of EMI . The words Hayes , Middlesex appear on the reverse of The Beatles ' albums , which were manufactured at the town 's Old Vinyl Factory . The town centre 's gold disc installation marks the fiftieth anniversary on 1 June 2017 of the Beatles ' Sgt . Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band album , manufactured in Hayes in 1967 . The town is the location of the U.K. headquarters of companies including : Heinz , United Biscuits , Fujitsu , and Rackspace U.K . Notable historical residents include the early modern father of English music , William Byrd , and a pre-eminent figure of twentieth-century English literature , George Orwell ."}]}, {'value': 'Greenford station', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greenford_station', 'summary': 'Greenford is a London Underground and National Rail station in Greenford , Greater London , and is owned and managed by London Underground . It is the terminus of the National Rail Greenford Branch Line , 2 miles 40 chains ( 4.0 km ) down the line from West Ealing and 9 miles 6 chains ( 14.6 km ) measured from London Paddington . On the Central line , it is between Perivale and Northolt stations while on National Rail , the next station to the south on the branch is South Greenford . Greenford station is in Travelcard Zone 4 .'}]}, {'value': 'Metroline', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metroline', 'summary': 'Metroline is a bus company operating services in Greater London . It is a subsidiary of ComfortDelGro Corporation and operates services under contract to Transport for London . Operations are split between two registered companies , Metroline Travel Limited and Metroline West Limited .'}]}, {'value': 'Ealing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Ealing', 'summary': "The London Borough of Ealing ( /ˈiːlɪŋ/ ( listen ) ) is a London borough in West London . It comprises seven major towns : Acton ( W3 ) , Ealing ( W5 , W13 ) , Greenford ( UB6 ) , Hanwell ( W7 ) , Northolt ( UB5 ) , Perivale ( UB6 ) and Southall ( UB1 , UB2 ) . Ealing is the third largest London borough in population and eleventh largest in area , covering part of west London and a small part of Northwest London . It bridges Inner and Outer London . Ealing 's administrative centre is in Ealing Broadway . Ealing London Borough Council is the local authority . Ealing is the only London Borough to have adopted a flag . Ealing has long been known as the Queen of the Suburbs due to its many parks and tree-lined streets ; the term was coined in 1902 by Ealings borough surveyor , Charles Jones . This is reflected by the tree emblem seen on the Ealing Council logo and Ealing 's coat of arms ."}]}], 'section_title': 'List of routes -- Letter prefixes', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_bus_routes_in_London_8', 'intro': 'This is a list of Transport for London (TfL) contracted bus routes in London, England, as well as commercial services that enter the Greater London area (except coaches). Bus services in London are operated by Abellio London, Arriva London, HCT Group, Go-Ahead London (Blue Triangle, Docklands Buses, London Central, and London General), Metroline, RATP Group (London Sovereign, London United, and Quality Line) Stagecoach London (East London, Selkent, and Thameside), Sullivan Buses, Tower Transit, and Uno. TfL-sponsored operators run more than 500 services. Non-TfL-sponsored operators including Arriva Shires & Essex, Arriva Southern Counties, Cardinal Buses, Carousel Buses, Go-Coach, First Berkshire & The Thames Valley, Hallmark Connections, Metrobus, Red Rose Travel, Southdown PSV, Stagecoach South, Trustybus, and Uno operate services between parts of Buckinghamshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Berkshire, Kent, Surrey, and Sussex on the one hand and London on the other, with one local council-sponsored service each in the boroughs of Bexley, Barking & Dagenham, and Hackney (extending into Islington).'}	null	null	Who is the operator of the route that starts in the area that was abolished and became a district in 1965 ?	Stagecoach London
09dab159f42867b5	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_metro_systems', 'title': 'List of metro systems', 'header': ['City', 'Country', 'Name', 'Start of construction', 'Planned opening'], 'data': [{'value': 'Dhaka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dhaka', 'summary': "Dhaka City ( /ˈdɑːkə/ DAH-kə or /ˈdækə/ DAK-ə ; Bengali : ঢাকা , pronounced [ ɖʱaka ] ) , formerly known as Dacca , is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh . It is the sixth-largest and sixth-most densely populated city in the world , with a population of 20.2 million people in the Greater Dhaka Area . Dhaka is the economic , political and cultural center of Bangladesh . It is one of the major cities of South Asia , the largest city in Eastern South Asia and among the Bay of Bengal countries ; and one of the largest cities among OIC countries . As part of the Bengal plain , the city is bounded by the Buriganga River , Turag River , Dhaleshwari River and Shitalakshya River . The city is located in an eponymous district and division . The area of Dhaka has been inhabited since the first millennium . The city rose to prominence in the 17th century as a provincial capital and commercial center of the Mughal Empire in South Asia . Dhaka was the capital of Mughal Bengal for 75 years . As the center of the muslin trade in Bengal , it was one of the most prosperous cities in the Indian subcontinent . The medieval city was named Jahangirabad in honor of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and hosted the seat of the Mughal Subahdar ( governor ) , Naib Nazims and Dewans ( prime ministers ) . Medieval Dhaka 's glory peaked in the 17th and 18th centuries , when it was home to merchants from across Eurasia ."}]}, {'value': 'Bangladesh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bangladesh', 'summary': "Bangladesh ( Bengali : বাংলাদেশ ) pronounced /ˌbɑːŋlɑːˈdɛʃ/ ( bung-lah-desh ) or [ ˈbaŋladeʃ ] ( listen ) ; literally meaning The country of Bengal ; and officially called the People 's Republic of Bangladesh ( গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gônoprojatontri Bangladesh ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the world 's 8th-most populous country with nearly 163 million people , and is the 92nd-largest country in land area , spanning 147,570 square kilometres ( 56,980 sq mi ) , making it one of the most densely-populated countries in the world . Bangladesh shares land borders with India to the west , north , and east , Myanmar to the southeast , and the Bay of Bengal to the south . It is narrowly separated from Nepal and Bhutan by India 's Siliguri Corridor in the north and from China by the Indian state of Sikkim in the northeast . Dhaka , the capital and largest city , is the nation 's economic , political and cultural hub . Chittagong , the largest sea port , is the second largest city . The dominant geographic feature is the Ganges delta , which empties into the Bay of Bengal the combined waters of several river systems , including the Brahmaputra and the Ganges , with numerous criss-crossing rivers and inland waterways . Highlands with evergreen forests cover the northeastern and southeastern regions . The seacoast features the longest natural sea beach and most of the world 's largest mangrove forest . The country 's biodiversity includes a vast array of plants and wildlife , including the endangered Bengal tiger , the national animal . Bangladesh forms the largest and eastern part of the Bengal region . According to the ancient Indian epics , Ramayana and Mahabharata , the Vanga Kingdom , one of the namesakes of the Bengal region , was a strong naval ally of the legendary Ayodhya ."}]}, {'value': 'Dhaka Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dhaka_Metro', 'summary': "The Dhaka Metro ( Bengali : ঢাকা মেট্রো ) , as distinct from the Dhaka Subway , is an approved metro rail system under construction in Dhaka , the capital and the busiest city of Bangladesh . Together with a separate BRT ( Bus Rapid Transit ) system it has been long called for to ease the extreme traffic jams and congestion that occur throughout the entire city on a daily basis , one of the heaviest in the world . It is a part of the 20-year long Strategic Transport Plan ( STP ) outlined by the Dhaka Transport Coordination Authority ( DTCA ) , a governmental agency . Currently [ when ? ] the metro rail system consists of one line referred to as the MRT ( Mass Rapid Transit ) Line-6 , with other metro rail lines going to be added in the future . This article focuses mainly on Dhaka MRT Line-6 . The Dhaka Metro Rail Line-6 consists of 16 elevated stations each of 180m long and 20.1 km of electricity powered light rail tracks . MRT Line-6 . All of Line-6 , save for the depot , as well as some of its accompanying BRT , will be elevated above current roads primarily above road medians to allow traffic flow underneath , with stations also elevated . Construction began on 26 June 2016 with an inauguration ceremony presided over by the reigning prime minister Sheikh Hasina . The civil work is being done by the Italian-Thai Development Public Company Ltd. and Sinohydro Corporation Ltd. JV and a Tokyo-based construction company is developing the depot 's land ."}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2021', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jinhua', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jinhua', 'summary': "Jinhua ( help·info ) , alternately romanized as Kinhwa , is a prefecture-level city in central Zhejiang province in eastern China . It borders the provincial capital of Hangzhou to the northwest , Quzhou to the southwest , Lishui to the south , Taizhou to the east , and Shaoxing to the northeast . Its population was 5,361,572 at the 2010 census including 1,077,245 in the built-up area made of two urban districts ( not including the satellite city of Lanxi , which has become essentially a suburban offshoot of Jinhua 's main urban area ) . Jinhua is rich in red soil and forest resources . The Jinhua or Wu River flows through the Lan and Fuchun to the Qiantang River beside Hangzhou , which flows into Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea . In medieval China , it formed part of the water network feeding supplies to the southern end of the Grand Canal . It is best known for its dry-cured Jinhua ham ."}]}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Jinhua Metro [ zh ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luoyang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luoyang', 'summary': "Luoyang ( Luòyáng ) is a city located in the confluence area of Luo River and Yellow River in the west of Henan province . Governed as a prefecture-level city , it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east , Pingdingshan to the southeast , Nanyang to the south , Sanmenxia to the west , Jiyuan to the north , and Jiaozuo to the northeast . As of the final 2010 census , Luoyang had a population of 6,549,941 inhabitants with 1,857,003 people living in the built-up ( or metro ) area made of the city 's five urban districts , all of which except the Jili District are not urbanized yet . Situated on the central plain of China , Luoyang is one of the cradles of Chinese civilization , and is one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China ."}]}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Luoyang Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luoyang_Metro', 'summary': 'Luoyang Metro ( Chinese : 洛阳地铁 ) is an under-construction rapid transit rail network serving urban and suburban districts of Luoyang . It will be the second metro system in Henan Province , as well as the first metro system in a city that is not a provincial capital in central and western China .'}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nantong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nantong', 'summary': "Nantong ( Chinese : 南通 ; pinyin : Nántōng ; alternate names : Nan-t'ung , Nantung , Tongzhou , or Tungchow ; Qihai dialect : [ nie tʰoŋ ] ) is a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu province , China . Located on the northern bank of the Yangtze River , near the river mouth . Nantong is a vital river port bordering Yancheng to the north , Taizhou to the west , Suzhou , Wuxi and Shanghai to the south across the river , and the East China Sea to the east . Its current population is 7,282,835 at the 2010 census , 1,994,708 of whom live in the built-up area made up of three urban districts . In September 26 , 2004 , the first World Metropolitan Development Forum was held in Nantong . In 2005 , Nantong had a GDP growth of 15.4% , the highest growth rate in Jiangsu province , and in 2016 Nantong 's GDP had a total of about 675 billion yuan , ranking the 21st in the whole country . Although the city took a blow from the economic depression of the 1930s , as well as the Japanese occupation of the 1930s and 40s , Nantong has remained an important center for the textile industry . Because of its deepwater harbor and connections to inland navigational canals , it was one of 14 port cities opened to foreign investment in recent Chinese economic reforms ."}]}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Nantong Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nantong_Metro', 'summary': "Nantong Metro ( Chinese : 南通地铁 ; pinyin : Nántōng Dìtiě ) , officially Nantong Rail Transit , is a rapid transit system under construction in Nantong , Jiangsu , China . In August 2014 , China 's National Development and Reform Commission approved Nantong Metro 's short-term ( 2014-2020 ) construction plan , including Line 1 and Line 2 . In long-term , Nantong Metro will consist of 4 subway lines with a total length of 170.8 kilometres ( 106.1 mi ) and several commuter railway lines totaling 153.2 kilometres ( 95.2 mi ) ."}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2022', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shaoxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shaoxing', 'summary': "Shaoxing ( [ ʂâuɕíŋ ] ( listen ) ; Chinese : 绍兴 ) is a prefecture-level city on the southern shore of Hangzhou Bay in eastern Zhejiang province , China . It was formerly known as Kuaiji and Shanyin and abbreviated in Chinese as 越 ( Yuè ) from the area 's former inhabitants . Located on the south bank of the Qiantang River estuary , it borders Ningbo to the east , Taizhou to the southeast , Jinhua to the southwest , and Hangzhou to the west . As of 2010 , its population was 4,912,339 inhabitants . Among which , 1,914,683 ( Keqiao and Yuecheng districts ) lived in the built-up metropolitan area of Hangzhou-Shaoxing , with a total of 8,156,154 inhabitants . Notable residents of Shaoxing include Wang Xizhi , the parents of Zhou Enlai , Lu Xun , and Cai Yuanpei . It is also noted for Shaoxing wine , meigan cai , and stinky tofu , and was recently featured on A Bite of China . Its local variety of Chinese opera sung in the local dialect and known as Yue opera is second in popularity only to Peking opera . In 2010 , Shaoxing celebrated the 2,500th anniversary of the founding of the city . Economically , the city 's driven by manufacturing of textiles , electronics , and energy-efficient lighting . Zhejiang has the fifth highest per capita GDP in the nation , with the city itself at 32nd nationally by GDP per capita ."}]}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Shaoxing Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shaoxing_Metro', 'summary': 'Shaoxing Metro ( Chinese : 绍兴轨道交通 ; pinyin : Shàoxīng Guǐdào Jiāotōng ) , also known as Shaoxing Rail Transit , is the metro system in Shaoxing , Zhejiang province , China .'}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2021', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taiyuan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taiyuan', 'summary': 'Taiyuan ( Chinese : 太原 ; pinyin : Tàiyuán [ tʰâi.ɥɛ̌n ] , also known as Bīng ( 并 ) , Jìnyáng ( 晋阳 ) ) is the capital and largest city of Shanxi province in Northern China . It is one of the main manufacturing bases of China . Throughout its long history , Taiyuan was the capital or provisional capital of many dynasties in China , hence the name Lóngchéng ( 龙城 ; Dragon City ) . Taiyuan is located roughly in the centre of Shanxi , with the Fen River flowing through the central city .'}]}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Taiyuan Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taiyuan_Metro', 'summary': "The Taiyuan Metro is a rapid transit system in Taiyuan , capital of China 's Shanxi province . Line 2 has been under construction since 2 November 2013 , and is scheduled to open in 2020 . Line 1 has been under construction since 30 December 2019 , and is scheduled to open in 2024 ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wuhu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wuhu', 'summary': "Wuhu ( simplified Chinese : 芜湖 ; traditional Chinese : 蕪湖 ; pinyin : Wúhú ; literally : 'Weedy Lake ' ) is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Anhui province , China . Sitting on the southeast bank of the Yangtze River , Wuhu borders Xuancheng to the southeast , Chizhou and Tongling to the southwest , Hefei city to the northwest , Ma'anshan city to the northeast , Jiangsu Province to the east , and is approximately 90 km ( 56 mi ) southwest of Nanjing . As of 2017 , the city had a population of approximately 3,696,000 officially registered inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Wuhu Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wuhu_Metro', 'summary': 'Wuhu Metro or Wuhu Rail Transit is a monorail rapid transit system in Wuhu , Anhui , China . Line 1 has been under construction since December 2016 , and is scheduled to open by the end of 2020 . The first phase of Line 2 started construction in 2018 with completion slated for 2020 . Both lines will use Bombardier Innovia Monorail trains manufactured under a JV with CRRC . More lines are being planned .'}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quito', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quito', 'summary': "Quito ( /ˈkiːtoʊ/ ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkito ] ( listen ) ; Quechua : Kitu ; formally San Francisco de Quito ) is the capital of Ecuador , the country 's most populous city , and at an elevation of 2,850 metres ( 9,350 ft ) above sea level , it is the second highest official capital city in the world , after La Paz , and the one which is closest to the equator . It is located in the Guayllabamba river basin , on the eastern slopes of Pichincha , [ verification needed ] an active stratovolcano in the Andes Mountains . In 2008 , the city was designated as the headquarters of the Union of South American Nations . The historic center of Quito is one of the largest , least-altered and best-preserved in the Americas . Quito and Kraków , Poland , were among the first World Cultural Heritage Sites declared by UNESCO , in 1978 . The central square of Quito is located about 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ) south of the equator ; the city itself extends to within about 1 kilometre ( 0.62 mi ) of zero latitude . A monument and museum marking the general location of the equator is known locally as la mitad del mundo ( the middle of the world ) , to avoid confusion , as the word Ecuador is Spanish for equator ."}]}, {'value': 'Ecuador', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ecuador', 'summary': "Ecuador ( /ˈɛkwədɔːr/ ( listen ) EK-wə-dor ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ekwaˈðoɾ ] ( listen ) ; Quechua : Ikwayur ; Shuar : Ecuador or Ekuatur ) , officially the Republic of Ecuador ( Spanish : República del Ecuador , which literally translates as Republic of the Equator ; Quechua : Ikwadur Ripuwlika ; Shuar : Ekuatur Nunka ) , is a country in northwestern South America , bordered by Colombia on the north , Peru on the east and south , and the Pacific Ocean on the west . Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific , about 1,000 kilometres ( 620 mi ) west of the mainland . The capital city is Quito , which is also its largest city . The territories of modern-day Ecuador were once home to a variety of Amerindian groups that were gradually incorporated into the Inca Empire during the 15th century . The territory was colonized by Spain during the 16th century , achieving independence in 1820 as part of Gran Colombia , from which it emerged as its own sovereign state in 1830 . The legacy of both empires is reflected in Ecuador 's ethnically diverse population , with most of its 17.1 million people being mestizos , followed by large minorities of European , Amerindian , and African descendants . Spanish is the official language and is spoken by a majority of the population , though 13 Amerindian languages are also recognized , including Quichua and Shuar . The sovereign state of Ecuador is a middle-income representative democratic republic with a developing economy that is highly dependent on commodities , namely petroleum and agricultural products . It is governed as a democratic presidential republic . One of 18 megadiverse countries in the world , Ecuador hosts many endemic plants and animals , such as those of the Galápagos Islands . In recognition of its unique ecological heritage , the new constitution of 2008 is the first in the world to recognize legally enforceable Rights of Nature , or ecosystem rights . It also has the fifth lowest homicide rate in the Americas ."}]}, {'value': 'Quito Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quito_Metro', 'summary': 'The Quito Metro ( Spanish : Metro de Quito ) , abbreviated as MDQ , is an underground rail mass transit system consisting of a single line that is under construction in Quito , the capital of Ecuador .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thessaloniki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thessaloniki', 'summary': "Thessaloniki ( /ˌθɛsələˈniːki/ ; Greek : Θεσσαλονίκη , romanized : Thessaloníki [ θesaloˈnici ] ( listen ) ) , also known as Thessalonica ( English : /ˌθɛsələˈnaɪkə , ˌθɛsəˈlɒnɪkə/ ) , Saloniki or Salonica ( /səˈlɒnɪkə , ˌsæləˈniːkə/ ) , is the second-largest city in Greece , with over 1 million inhabitants in its metropolitan area , and the capital of the geographic region of Macedonia , the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace . It is also known in Greek as η Συμπρωτεύουσα ( i Symprōtévousa ) , literally the co-capital , a reference to its historical status as the Συμβασιλεύουσα ( Symvasilévousa ) or co-reigning city of the Eastern Roman ( Byzantine ) Empire , alongside Constantinople . Thessaloniki is located on the Thermaic Gulf , at the northwest corner of the Aegean Sea . It is bounded on the west by the delta of the Axios/Vardar . The municipality of Thessaloniki , the historical center , had a population of 325,182 in 2011 , while the Thessaloniki Urban Area had a population of 824,676 and the Thessaloniki Metropolitan Area had 1,030,338 inhabitants in 2011 . It is Greece 's second major economic , industrial , commercial and political centre ; it is a major transportation hub for Greece and southeastern Europe , notably through the Port of Thessaloniki . The city is renowned for its festivals , events and vibrant cultural life in general , and is considered to be Greece 's cultural capital . Events such as the Thessaloniki International Fair and the Thessaloniki International Film Festival are held annually , while the city also hosts the largest bi-annual meeting of the Greek diaspora . Thessaloniki was the 2014 European Youth Capital . The city of Thessaloniki was founded in 315 BC by Cassander of Macedon . An important metropolis by the Roman period , Thessaloniki was the second largest and wealthiest city of the Byzantine Empire . It was conquered by the Ottomans in 1430 , and remained an important seaport and multi-ethnic metropolis during the nearly five centuries of Turkish rule ."}]}, {'value': 'Greece', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greece', 'summary': "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ."}]}, {'value': 'Thessaloniki Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thessaloniki_Metro', 'summary': "The Thessaloniki Metro ( Greek : Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης , Metró Thessaloníkis , [ meˈtro θesaloˈnicis ] ) is an underground rapid-transit system under construction in Thessaloniki , Greece 's second largest city . Estimates for the cost of the megaproject are €1.62 billion ( $ 1.83 billion ) for the main line and €640 million ( $ 722 million ) for the Kalamaria extension , for a total of €2.26 billion ( $ 2.55 billion ) . The project is primarily funded with loans from the European Investment Bank ( EIB ) and the European Regional Development Fund ( ERDF ) and funds from the Greek government . Construction by a Greek-Italian consortium is overseen by Attiko Metro , the Greek state-owned company which oversaw construction of the Athens Metro . Proposed during the 1910s and first seriously planned in the 1980s , construction of the main line began in 2006 and on the Kalamaria extension in 2013 . Although the initial proposal included three extensions to the main line , the latest Attiko Metro proposal seeks to combine the two westward extensions as a loop ; the system will be made up of the main line and the Kalamaria and Evosmos extensions . The system under construction has 18 stations and 14.4 km ( 8.9 mi ) of tunnels . Detailed planning of the airport extension went to tender in March 2019 , while the Western loop went to tender in August of the same year . After years of delays , due mainly to archaeological discoveries in the city centre during construction and in part to the Greek financial crisis , most of the main line is scheduled to open in April 2023 . The system will be entirely driverless and remote-controlled ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bhopal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bhopal', 'summary': "Bhopal ( /boʊˈpɑːl/ ; Hindustani pronunciation : [ bʱoːpaːl ] ( listen ) ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of both Bhopal district and Bhopal division . Bhopal is known as the City of Lakes for its various natural and artificial lakes and is also one of the greenest cities in India . It is the 16th largest city in India and 131st in the world . Founded in 1707 , the city was the capital of the former Bhopal State , a princely state of the British ruled by the Nawabs of Bhopal . Numerous heritage structures from this period include the Taj-ul-Masajid and Taj Mahal palace . In 1984 , the city was struck by the Bhopal disaster , one of the worst industrial disasters in history . A Y-class city , Bhopal houses various educational and research institutions and installations of national importance , including ISRO 's Master Control Facility , BHEL , and AMPRI . Bhopal is home to the largest number of institutes of National Importance in India , namely IISER , MANIT , SPA , AIIMS , NLIU and IIIT ( currently functioning from a temporary campus inside MANIT ) . The city attracted international attention in December 1984 after the Bhopal disaster , when a Union Carbide India Limited ( UCIL ) pesticide manufacturing plant ( now owned by Dow Chemical Company ) leaked a mixture of deadly gases composed mainly of methyl isocyanate , leading to one of the worst industrial disasters in the world 's history . The Bhopal disaster continues to be a part of the socio-political debate and a logistical challenge for the people of Bhopal . Bhopal was selected as one of the first twenty Indian cities ( the first phase ) to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi 's flagship Smart Cities Mission . Bhopal has also been rated as the cleanest capital city for three consecutive years , 2017 , 2018 and 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': 'Bhopal Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bhopal_Metro', 'summary': 'The Bhoj Metro ( also known as the Bhopal Metro ) is an under construction rapid transit system intended to serve the city of Bhopal , India , the capital of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh . The total system consists of 2 corridors covering a distance of 27.87 kilometres ( 17.32 mi ) . This project will cost ₹80 billion ( US $ 1.1 billion ) approximately . There will be three types of run - on road , on bridges , and underground in some locations .'}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2024', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indore', 'summary': 'Indore /ɪnˈdɔːr/ ( listen ) is the most populous and the largest city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh . It serves as the headquarters of both Indore District and Indore Division . It is also considered as an education hub of the state and has campuses of both the Indian Institute of Technology and the Indian Institute of Management . Located on the southern edge of Malwa Plateau , at an average altitude of 550 meters ( 1,800 ft ) above sea level , it has the highest elevation among major cities of Central India . The city is 190 km ( 120 mi ) west of the state capital of Bhopal . Indore had a census-estimated 2011 population of 1,994,397 ( municipal corporation ) and 2,170,295 ( urban agglomeration ) . The city is distributed over a land area of just 530 square kilometres ( 200 sq mi ) , making Indore the most densely populated major city in the central province . It comes under Tier 2 cities in India . Indore traces its roots to its 16th century founding as a trading hub between the Deccan and Delhi . The city and its surroundings came under Hindu Maratha Empire on 18 May 1724 after Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao I assumed the full control of Malwa . During the days of the British Raj , Indore State was a 19 Gun Salute ( 21 locally ) princely state ( a rare high rank ) ruled by the Maratha Holkar dynasty , until they acceded to the Union of India . Indore served as the capital of the Madhya Bharat from 1950 until 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': 'Indore Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indore_Metro', 'summary': 'The Indore Metro is a rapid transit light metro system which is under construction for the city of Indore , India . The total system consists of 10 corridors covering a distance of 124 kilometres ( 77 mi ) . This project will cost approximately ₹12,000 crore ( US $ 1.7 billion ) . The cost per km will be 182 crores and total cost is 15,000 crores . There will be three types of run - on road , on bridges , and underground in some locations .'}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2024', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kanpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanpur', 'summary': "Kanpur ( /ˈkɑːnpʊər/ pronunciation ( help·info ) ; formerly Cawnpore ) is a large city in the state of Uttar Pradesh , India . The city is famous for its leather and textile industries . It is the 12th most populous city in India and 11th most populous urban agglomeration . It is also the second largest city proper and the largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh . Kanpur was an important British garrison town until 1947 when India gained independence . Kanpur is the administrative headquarters of Kanpur Nagar district and Kanpur division . Located on the west bank of the Ganges River , it is a major trade and commercial centre in North India with the first woollen mill of India , the British India Corporation established here in 1876 by Alexander McRobert . The city is widely regarded as The Leather City of the World and is also nicknamed as Manchester of India . According to 2011 Indian census , it is the eleventh most populous urban city while the population of city and its suburb were around 5 million making it the eighth-most populous metropolitan area in India . Furthermore it is considered the world 's most polluted city by particulate matter concentration . In 2018 , Kanpur , was considered by the World Health Organization as the city with the world 's worst air pollution ."}]}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': 'Kanpur Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanpur_Metro', 'summary': 'Kanpur Metro is a rail-based mass transit system which is under construction for the city of Kanpur , India , and extendable to the Kanpur metropolitan area . The feasibility study for the project was done by RITES in June 2015 . The study was prepared to control traffic woes and congestion , which are hampering the growth , development , and prosperity of the city area . The tenders were floated for the elevated viaduct between IIT to Motijheel . AFCONS Infra has been awarded the tender . Elevated viaduct work has begun . On 28 February 2019 , the Central government approved the metro project for Kanpur at an estimated cost of ₹11,076.48 crores and a five-year time limit .'}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2024', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Navi Mumbai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Navi_Mumbai', 'summary': 'Navi Mumbai ( Marathi pronunciation : [ nəʋiː mumbəiː ] , also known by its former name New Bombay ) , is a planned city off the west coast of the Indian state of Maharashtra in Konkan division . The city is divided into two parts , North Navi Mumbai and South Navi Mumbai , for the individual development of Panvel Mega City , which includes the area from Kharghar to Uran . Navi Mumbai has a population of 1,119,477 as per the 2011 provisional census . It has average city elevation excluding forest area of 14 meters . In the late 1960s , Adi Kanga , a civil engineer , and some of his friends lamented that their city , the bustling Mumbai , was overpopulated . As the commercial capital of India , it was attracting large numbers of citizens , with which the available infrastructure could not cope . So the friends came up with the concept of building a new city , New Bombay , on the mainland , across from the seven islands of the old city . The area was proposed in 1971 to be a new urban township of Mumbai by the Government of Maharashtra . For this purpose , a new public sector undertaking was established that is the CIDCO . Navi Mumbai is situated across two districts , Thane and Raigad . The city has been ranked 12th among 73 cities surveyed for cleanliness and hygiene by the Union Ministry of Urban Development ( MoUD ) and Quality Council of India ( QCI ) as a part of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan . Navi Mumbai is home to various educational institutions offering courses in several streams including engineering , medical sciences , interior designing , and hotel management .'}]}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': 'Navi Mumbai Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Navi_Mumbai_Metro', 'summary': "The Navi Mumbai Metro is a rapid transit system under construction in the Indian city of Navi Mumbai , Maharashtra . The planning and construction of the Navi Mumbai Metro is being overseen by the City and Industrial Development Corporation ( CIDCO ) . The system is planned to consist of three rail lines covering a total distance of 106.4 kilometres ( 66.1 mi ) . The foundation stone for the project was laid on 1 May 2011 ; following construction delays , the metro 's first line is projected to open in 2020 . The metro 's technological infrastructure and rolling stock are being provided by Ansaldo STS , Tata Projects and CSR Zhuzhou ."}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pune', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pune', 'summary': 'Pune ( Marathi pronunciation : [ puɳe ] ; English : /ˈpuːnə/ ; also called Poona , the official name until 1978 ) is the second largest city in the Indian state of Maharashtra , after Mumbai . It is the ninth most populous city in the country with an estimated population of 6.4 million . Along with its extended city limits Pimpri Chinchwad and the three cantonment towns of Pune , Khadki and Dehu Road , Pune forms the urban core of the eponymous Pune Metropolitan Region ( PMR ) . According to the 2011 census , the urban area has a combined population of 5.05 million while the population of the metropolitan region is estimated at 7.27 million . Situated 560 metres ( 1,837 feet ) above sea level on the Deccan plateau on the right bank of the Mutha river , Pune is also the administrative headquarters of its namesake district . In the 18th century , the city was the seat of the Peshwas , the prime ministers of the Maratha Empire and so was one of the most important political centres on the Indian subcontinent . Pune is ranked the number one city in India in the ease of living ranking index . The city is considered to be the cultural capital of Maharashtra . It is also known as the Oxford of the East due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions . The city has emerged as a major educational hub in recent decades , with nearly half of the total international students in the country studying in Pune . Research institutes of information technology , education , management and training attract students and professionals from India and overseas . Several colleges in Pune have student exchange programmes with colleges in Europe .'}]}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': 'Pune Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pune_Metro', 'summary': 'Pune Metro is a metro rail based rapid transit system under construction to serve Pune Central and the areas of Pimpri & Chinchwad . As of December 2019 , the system comprises 3 lines with a total length of 54.58 km . The 16.59 km Line 1 PCMC Building - Swargate will be elevated between PCMC Bhavan to Range Hills , from where it will run underground . Line 2 will run from Vanaz to Ramwadi covering a distance of 14.66 km on an elevated viaduct . Lines 1 and 2 are expected to be operational in 2021 . The 23.33-km elevated Line 3 will run from the Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park in Hinjawadi via Balewadi to Civil Court . All three lines will align at the Civil Court interchange station . As of December 2019 , the foundation stone for Lines 1,2,3 are laid by Prime Minister of India . The first two lines with a combined length of 31.25 km and are being implemented by the Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited ( MahaMetro ) , a 50:50 Joint Venture of the State and Central Governments . Line 3 will be implemented by the Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority ( PMRDA ) and the Joint Venture between Tata Realty and Siemens on a Public-Private Partnership basis . On 18 December 2018 , PM Modi laid the foundation stone for Line 3 . Construction on line 3 was started in January 2020 .'}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2021', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ahvaz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahvaz', 'summary': "Ahvaz ( Persian : اهواز , romanized : Ahvāz ) , also known as Ahwaz or Al-Ahwaz ( Arabic : الأهواز or الأحواز ) , is a city in the southwest of Iran and the capital of Khuzestan province . Ahvaz 's population is about 1,300,000 and its built-up area with the nearby town of Sheybani is home to 1,136,989 inhabitants . It is home to Persians , Arabs , Bakhtiaris , Dezfulis , Shushtaris , etc . and different languages are spoken in it , such as Persian , Arabic , the Luri dialects of Luri ( Bakhtiari dialect ) , Dezfuli , Shushtari , etc . Iran 's only navigable river , the Karun , passes by the middle of the city . It has a long history dating back to the Achaemenid period . In the ancient times , it had been one of the main centers of the Academy of Gondishapur ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Ahvaz Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahvaz_Metro', 'summary': 'Ahvaz Metro is a metro system serving the city of Ahvaz , Iran . The first line with a length of 23 km is currently under construction with 24 stations . There are three other lines also planned for the city .'}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '?', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karaj', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karaj', 'summary': 'Karaj ( Persian : کرج , pronounced [ kæˈɾædʒ ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of Alborz Province , Iran , and effectively a suburb of Tehran . Although the county hosts a population around 1.97 million , as recorded in the 2016 census , most of the 1,419 sq km county is rugged mountain , the urban area is the fourth-largest in Iran , after Tehran , Mashhad , and Isfahan . Eshtehard County and Fardis County were split off from Karaj county since the previous census . The earliest records of Karaj date back to 30th century BC . The city was developed under the rule of the Safavid and Qajar dynasties , and is home to historical buildings and memorials from those eras . Until the second half of the 20th century , it used to be known mainly as a summer resort . Today , it is a major industrial city , with factories producing sugar , textiles , wire , and alcohol .'}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Karaj Metro [ fa ]', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karaj_Metro', 'summary': 'Karaj ( Persian : کرج , pronounced [ kæˈɾædʒ ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of Alborz Province , Iran , and effectively a suburb of Tehran . Although the county hosts a population around 1.97 million , as recorded in the 2016 census , most of the 1,419 sq km county is rugged mountain , the urban area is the fourth-largest in Iran , after Tehran , Mashhad , and Isfahan . Eshtehard County and Fardis County were split off from Karaj county since the previous census . The earliest records of Karaj date back to 30th century BC . The city was developed under the rule of the Safavid and Qajar dynasties , and is home to historical buildings and memorials from those eras . Until the second half of the 20th century , it used to be known mainly as a summer resort . Today , it is a major industrial city , with factories producing sugar , textiles , wire , and alcohol .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kermanshah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kermanshah', 'summary': 'Kermanshah ( Persian : کرمانشاه ; Kurdish : Kirmaşan , کرماشان ) , also known as Kermānshāhān , is the capital of Kermanshah Province , located 525 kilometres ( 326 miles ) from Tehran in the western part of Iran . According to the 2016 census , its population is 946,681 ( 2019 estimate 1,046,000 ) . A majority of the population speaks Southern Kurdish . Kermanshah has a moderate and mountainous climate . Kermanshah is the largest Kurdish-speaking city in Iran . Most of the inhabitants of Kermanshah are Shia Muslims , but there are minorities such as Sunni Muslims , Yarsanism and so on .'}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Kermanshah Metro [ fa ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2022', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Qom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Qom', 'summary': "Qom ( Persian : قم [ ɢom ] ( listen ) ) is the seventh metropolis and also the seventh largest city in Iran . Qom is the capital of Qom Province . It is located 140 km ( 87 mi ) to the south of Tehran . At the 2016 census , its population was 1,201,158 . It is situated on the banks of the Qom River . Qom is considered holy by Shiʿa Islam , as it is the site of the shrine of Fatimah bint Musa , sister of Imam Ali ibn Musa Rida ( Persian Imam Reza , 789-816 CE ) . The city is the largest center for Shiʿa scholarship in the world , and is a significant destination of pilgrimage , with around twenty million pilgrims visiting the city every year , the majority being Iranians but also other Shi ' a Muslims from all around the world . Qom is famous for a Persian brittle toffee known as Sohan ( Persian : سوهان ) , considered a souvenir of the city and sold by 2,000 to 2,500 Sohan shops . Qom has developed into a lively industrial centre owing in part to its proximity to Tehran . It is a regional centre for the distribution of petroleum and petroleum products , and a natural gas pipeline from Bandar Anzali and Tehran and a crude oil pipeline from Tehran run through Qom to the Abadan refinery on the Persian Gulf . Qom gained additional prosperity when oil was discovered at Sarajeh near the city in 1956 and a large refinery was built between Qom and Tehran ."}]}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'Qom Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Qom_Metro', 'summary': 'Qom Metro is a metro system serving the city of Qom , Iran . A monorail line with a length of 7 km and 8 stations , and a metro line with a length of 14 km and 14 stations are currently under construction . An extension of the Monorail , plus two other brand new metro lines , are being considered as part of future plans . Some of it has been opened . [ clarification needed ]'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abidjan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abidjan', 'summary': "Abidjan ( /ˌæbɪˈdʒɑːn/ AB-ih-JAHN , French : [ abidʒɑ̃ ] ; Nko : ߊߓߌߖߊ߲߬ ) is the economic capital of Ivory Coast and one of the most populous French-speaking cities in Africa . According to the 2014 census , Abidjan 's population was 4.7 million , which is 20 percent of the overall population of the country , and this also makes it the sixth most populous city proper in Africa , after Lagos , Cairo , Kinshasa , Dar es Salaam , and Johannesburg . A cultural crossroads of West Africa , Abidjan is characterised by a high level of industrialisation and urbanisation . The city expanded quickly after the construction of a new wharf in 1931 , followed by its designation as the capital city of the then-French colony in 1933 . Abidjan remained the capital of Côte d'Ivoire after its independence from France in 1960 . The completion of the Vridi Canal in 1951 enabled Abidjan to become an important sea port . In 1983 , the city of Yamoussoukro was designated as the official political capital of Côte d'Ivoire . However , almost all political institutions and foreign embassies continue to be located in Abidjan . Because Abidjan is also the largest city in the country and the centre of its economic activity , it has officially been designated as the economic capital of the country . The Abidjan Autonomous District , which encompasses the city and some of its suburbs , is one of the 14 districts of Côte d'Ivoire ."}]}, {'value': 'Ivory Coast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ivory_Coast', 'summary': "Ivory Coast , formally Côte d'Ivoire , [ a ] officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire , is a country located on the south coast of West Africa . Ivory Coast 's political capital is Yamoussoukro in the centre of the country , while its economic capital and largest city is the port city of Abidjan . It borders Guinea to the northwest , Liberia to the west , Mali to the northwest , Burkina Faso to the northeast , Ghana to the east , and the Gulf of Guinea ( Atlantic Ocean ) to the south . The official language of the republic is French , with local indigenous languages also being widely used that include Baoulé , Dioula , Dan , Anyin , and Cebaara Senufo . In total , there are around 78 different languages spoken in Ivory Coast . The country has large populations of Muslims , Christians ( primarily Roman Catholics ) and various indigenous religions . Before its colonization by Europeans , Ivory Coast was home to several states , including Gyaaman , the Kong Empire and Baoulé . The area became a protectorate of France in 1843 and was consolidated as a French colony in 1893 amid the European scramble for Africa . It achieved independence in 1960 , led by Félix Houphouët-Boigny , who ruled the country until 1993 . Relatively stable by regional standards , Ivory Coast established close political and economic ties with its West African neighbors while at the same time maintaining close relations to the West , especially France . Ivory Coast experienced a coup d'état in 1999 and two religiously-grounded civil wars , first between 2002 and 2007 and again during 2010-2011 . In 2000 , the country adopted a new constitution ."}]}, {'value': 'Abidjan Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abidjan_Metro', 'summary': "The Abidjan Metro ( French : Métro d'Abidjan ) is a 37.5-kilometre ( 23.3-mile ) rapid transit network serving the Ivorian economic capital of Abidjan whose construction started in November 2017 , with the beginning of passenger service expected in 2022-2023 . Initially planned to comprise a single line with 13 stations , undertaken by Bouyges-Dongsan , a French-Korean consortium , the project has since then been expanded to a single north-south line with 20 stations , financed 100% by France and built solely by three French groups ( Bouygues , via its subsidiaries Bouygues Travaux Publics and Colas Rail , Alstom , and Keolis ) after the withdrawal of the South Korean partners from the consortium in October 2017 . Built mostly as an overground and elevated railway in order to avoid more costly tunnels , its automated trains with a driver present in cabin will be able to run at a top speed of 80 km/h ( 50 miles/hour ) and a maximum frequency of 100 seconds . Line 1 of the Abidjan metro is expected to transport 500,000 passengers per day ( 180 million per year ) . Construction of line 1 will cost 920 billion CFA francs ( 1.4 billion euros ; 1.7 billion US dollars ) , entirely financed by France via the French Treasury and the French Development Agency . In 2018 the Ivorian government was planning for a second line of the Abidjan Metro , an east-west line which should run from Yopougon to Bingerville ."}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2022/2023', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lagos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lagos', 'summary': 'Lagos ( /ˈleɪɡɒs , -ɡoʊs/ ; Yoruba : Èkó ) is the largest city in the Nigerian state of the same name . The city , with its adjoining conurbation , is the most populous in Nigeria and South of The Sahara , Africa . It is one of the fastest growing cities in the world and one of the most populous urban areas . Lagos is a major financial centre in Africa ; the megacity has the fourth-highest GDP in Africa and houses one of the largest and busiest seaports on the continent . Lagos initially emerged as a port city that originated on a collection of islands , which are contained in the present day Local Government Areas ( LGAs ) of Lagos Island , Eti-Osa , Amuwo-Odofin and Apapa . The islands are separated by creeks , fringing the southwest mouth of Lagos Lagoon , while being protected from the Atlantic Ocean by barrier islands and long sand spits such as Bar Beach , which stretch up to 100 km ( 62 mi ) east and west of the mouth . Due to rapid urbanization , the city expanded to the west of the lagoon to include areas in the present day Lagos Mainland , Ajeromi-Ifelodun and Surulere . This led to the classification of Lagos into two main areas : the Island , which was the initial city of Lagos , before it expanded into the area known as the Mainland . This city area was governed directly by the Federal Government through the Lagos City Council , until the creation of Lagos State in 1967 , which led to the splitting of Lagos city into the present day seven Local Government Areas ( LGAs ) , and an addition of other towns ( which now make up 13 LGAs ) from the then Western Region to form the state . Lagos , the capital of Nigeria since its amalgamation in 1914 , went on to become the capital of Lagos State after its creation . However , the state capital was later moved to Ikeja in 1976 , and the federal capital moved to Abuja in 1991 . Even though Lagos is still widely referred to as a city , the present day Lagos , also known as Metropolitan Lagos , and officially as Lagos Metropolitan Area is an urban agglomeration or conurbation , consisting of 20 LGAs , 37 LCDAs including Ikeja , the state capital of Lagos State .'}]}, {'value': 'Nigeria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nigeria', 'summary': "Nigeria ( /naɪˈdʒɪəriə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria , is a country in West Africa , bordering Niger in the north , Chad in the northeast , Cameroon in the east , and Benin in the west . Its coast in the south is located on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean . The federation comprises 36 states and 1 Federal Capital Territory , where the capital , Abuja , is located . The constitution defines Nigeria as a democratic secular state. , Nigeria has been home to a number of ancient and indigenous kingdoms and states over the millennia . The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century , and took its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914 by Lord Fredrick Lugard . The British set up administrative and legal structures while practicing indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms , Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960 . It experienced a civil war from 1967 to 1970 . It thereafter alternated between democratically elected civilian governments and military dictatorships until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999 , with the 2011 presidential election considered the first to be reasonably free and fair . Nigeria is often referred to as the Giant of Africa , owing to its large population and economy . With 206 million inhabitants , Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world . Nigeria has the third-largest youth population in the world , after India and China , with more than 90 million of its population under the age of eighteen . Nigeria is the world 's 20th largest economy as of 2015 [ update ] , worth more than $ 500 billion and $ 1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Lagos Rail Mass Transit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lagos_Rail_Mass_Transit', 'summary': 'Lagos Rail Mass Transit is an urban rail system being developed and under construction in Lagos . The system is being managed by the Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority ( LAMATA ) and is envisioned to consist eventually of seven lines . The railway equipment including electric power , signalling , rolling stock , and fare collection equipment will be provided by the private sector under a Concession Contract . LAMATA is responsible for policy direction , regulation , and infrastructure for the network . The first section of the network , Phase I of the Blue Line , was originally planned to be completed in 2011 . After many delays caused by funding shortfalls , the opening date was revised to 2022 .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2022', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Under construction', 'section_text': 'The countries of Bangladesh , Ecuador , Ivory Coast , Nigeria , Pakistan , and Vietnam are currently constructing their first ever metro systems .', 'uid': 'List_of_metro_systems_1', 'intro': "This list of metro systems includes electrified rapid transit train systems worldwide. In some parts of the world, metro systems are referred to as subways, U-Bahnen or undergrounds. As of December 2017[update], 178 cities in 56 countries around the world host the approximately 180 metro systems that are listed here. The London Underground first opened as an underground railway in 1863 and its first electrified underground line opened in 1890, making it the world's oldest metro system. The metro system with the longest route length is the Beijing Subway; the busiest one is the Beijing Subway; and the one with the most stations is the New York City Subway. China has the largest number of cities that have metro systems, with over 40 by 2019."}	null	null	What is the area of this country that has the sixth-most densely populated city in the world ?	147,570 square kilometres
09dee9a67089d768	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Chisago_County,_Minnesota', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Chisago County, Minnesota', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gustaf Anderson House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 21 , 1980 ( # 80002000 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13045 Lake Boulevard 45°23′24″N 92°50′33″W / 45.389968°N 92.842621°W / 45.389968 ; -92.842621 ( Gustaf Anderson House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lindstrom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lindstrom,_Minnesota', 'summary': "Lindström ( also spelled Lindstrom ) is a city in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States , located 35 miles northeast of the Twin Cities . The population was 4,442 at the 2010 census . Lindström 's motto is America 's Little Sweden . U.S. Highway 8 serves as a main route for the community ."}]}, {'value': '1879 brick Italianate house of a notable settler and land speculator . Now a Chisago County Historical Society museum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italianate_architecture', 'summary': "The Italianate style of architecture was a distinct 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture . In the Italianate style , the models and architectural vocabulary of 16th-century Italian Renaissance architecture , which had served as inspiration for both Palladianism and Neoclassicism , were synthesised with picturesque aesthetics . The style of architecture that was thus created , though also characterised as Neo-Renaissance , was essentially of its own time . The backward look transforms its object , Siegfried Giedion wrote of historicist architectural styles ; every spectator at every period - at every moment , indeed - inevitably transforms the past according to his own nature . The Italianate style was first developed in Britain in about 1802 by John Nash , with the construction of Cronkhill in Shropshire . This small country house is generally accepted to be the first Italianate villa in England , from which is derived the Italianate architecture of the late Regency and early Victorian eras . The Italianate style was further developed and popularised by the architect Sir Charles Barry in the 1830s . Barry 's Italianate style ( occasionally termed Barryesque ) drew heavily for its motifs on the buildings of the Italian Renaissance , though sometimes at odds with Nash 's semi-rustic Italianate villas . The style was not confined to England and was employed in varying forms , long after its decline in popularity in Britain , throughout Northern Europe and the British Empire . From the late 1840s to 1890 it achieved huge popularity in the United States , where it was promoted by the architect Alexander Jackson Davis ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Angel 's Hill Historic District", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 11 , 1972 ( # 72000675 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Roughly bounded by Military Rd . and Mill , Mulberry , and Government Sts . 45°24′01″N 92°39′18″W / 45.400379°N 92.655129°W / 45.400379 ; -92.655129 ( Angel 's Hill Historic District )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taylors Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taylors_Falls,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Taylors Falls is a city in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States , located at the junction of U.S. Highway 8 and Minnesota State Highway 95 . The population was 976 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Architecturally cohesive mid-19th-century neighborhood of New England-style Greek Revival buildings , with 28 contributing properties including the 1854 Folsom House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture', 'summary': 'The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries , predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States . It revived the style of ancient Greek architecture , in particular the Greek temple , with varying degrees of thoroughness and consistency . A product of Hellenism , it may be looked upon as the last phase in the development of Neoclassical architecture , which had for long mainly drawn from Roman architecture . The term was first used by Charles Robert Cockerell in a lecture he gave as Professor of Architecture to the Royal Academy of Arts , London in 1842 . With a newfound access to Greece , or initially the books produced by the few who had actually been able to visit the sites , archaeologist-architects of the period studied the Doric and Ionic orders . In each country it touched , the style was looked on as the expression of local nationalism and civic virtue , and freedom from the lax detail and frivolity that was thought to characterize the architecture of France and Italy , two countries where the style never really took hold . This was especially the case in Britain , Germany and the United States , where the idiom was regarded as being free from ecclesiastical and aristocratic associations . The taste for all things Greek in furniture and interior design , sometimes called Neo-Grec , was at its peak by the beginning of the 19th century , when the designs of Thomas Hope had influenced a number of decorative styles known variously as Neoclassical , Empire , Russian Empire , and Regency architecture in Britain . Greek Revival architecture took a different course in a number of countries , lasting until the Civil War in America ( 1860s ) and even later in Scotland .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Folsom_House', 'summary': 'The Folsom House is a historic house museum located at 272 West Government Street in Taylors Falls , Minnesota , United States .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Archeological Site No . 21CH23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 16 , 1989 ( # 88003129 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Address restricted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taylors Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taylors_Falls,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Taylors Falls is a city in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States , located at the junction of U.S. Highway 8 and Minnesota State Highway 95 . The population was 976 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Shell midden accumulated from 600 to 1499 CE with very few artifacts , indicating a briefly but repeatedly used site for harvesting mussels that could illuminate Woodland period subistence and settlement patterns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shell_midden', 'summary': 'A midden ( also kitchen midden or shell heap ) is an old dump for domestic waste which may consist of animal bone , human excrement , botanical material , mollusc shells , sherds , lithics ( especially debitage ) , and other artifacts and ecofacts associated with past human occupation . These features , therefore , provide a useful resource for archaeologists who wish to study the diets and habits of past societies . Middens with damp , anaerobic conditions can even preserve organic remains in deposits as the debris of daily life are tossed on the pile . Each individual toss will contribute a different mix of materials depending upon the activity associated with that particular toss . During the course of deposition sedimentary material is deposited as well . Different mechanisms , from wind and water to animal digs , create a matrix which can also be analysed to provide seasonal and climatic information . In some middens individual dumps of material can be discerned and analysed .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mussel', 'summary': 'Mussel ( /ˈmʌsəl/ ) is the common name used for members of several families of bivalve molluscs , from saltwater and freshwater habitats . These groups have in common a shell whose outline is elongated and asymmetrical compared with other edible clams , which are often more or less rounded or oval . The word mussel is frequently used to mean the bivalves of the marine family Mytilidae , most of which live on exposed shores in the intertidal zone , attached by means of their strong byssal threads ( beard ) to a firm substrate . A few species ( in the genus Bathymodiolus ) have colonised hydrothermal vents associated with deep ocean ridges . In most marine mussels the shell is longer than it is wide , being wedge-shaped or asymmetrical . The external colour of the shell is often dark blue , blackish , or brown , while the interior is silvery and somewhat nacreous . The common name mussel is also used for many freshwater bivalves , including the freshwater pearl mussels . Freshwater mussel species inhabit lakes , ponds , rivers , creeks , canals , and they are classified in a different subclass of bivalves , despite some very superficial similarities in appearance . Freshwater zebra mussels and their relatives in the family Dreissenidae are not related to previously mentioned groups , even though they resemble many Mytilus species in shape , and live attached to rocks and other hard surfaces in a similar manner , using a byssus . They are classified with the Heterodonta , the taxonomic group which includes most of the bivalves commonly referred to as clams .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Woodland_period', 'summary': 'In the classification of archaeological cultures of North America , the Woodland period of North American pre-Columbian cultures spanned a period from roughly 1000 BCE to European contact in the eastern part of North America , with some archaeologists distinguishing the Mississippian period , from 1000 CE to European contact as a separate period . The term Woodland Period was introduced in the 1930s as a generic term for prehistoric sites falling between the Archaic hunter-gatherers and the agriculturalist Mississippian cultures . The Eastern Woodlands cultural region covers what is now eastern Canada south of the Subarctic region , the Eastern United States , along to the Gulf of Mexico . This period is variously considered a developmental stage , a time period , a suite of technological adaptations or traits , and a family tree of cultures related to earlier Archaic cultures . It can be characterized as a chronological and cultural manifestation without any massive changes in a short time but instead having a continuous development in stone and bone tools , leather crafting , textile manufacture , cultivation , and shelter construction . Many Woodland peoples used spears and atlatls until the end of the period , when they were replaced by bows and arrows ; however , Southeastern Woodland peoples also used blowguns . The most cited technological distinction of this period was the widespread use of pottery ( although pottery manufacture had arisen during the Archaic period in some places ) , and the diversification of pottery forms , decorations , and manufacturing practices . The increasing use of horticulture and the development of the Eastern Agricultural Complex , consisting of weedy seed plants as well as gourd cultivation , also meant that groups became less mobile over time and , in some times and places , people lived in permanently occupied villages and cities . Intensive agriculture characterizes the Mississippian period from c. 1000-1400 CE and may have continued up to European contact , around 500 years ago .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'J.C. Carlson House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 21 , 1980 ( # 80002004 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '640 Bremer Ave. , S. 45°40′59″N 92°57′41″W / 45.682936°N 92.961324°W / 45.682936 ; -92.961324 ( J.C. Carlson House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rush City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rush_City,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Rush City is a city in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 3,079 at the 2010 census . It is fifty-eight miles north of Minneapolis-Saint Paul'}]}, {'value': "1899 Queen Anne house designed by Augustus F. Gauger for the leading entrepreneur of Chisago County 's leading railroad town", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture_in_the_United_States', 'summary': 'In the United States , Queen Anne-style architecture was popular from roughly 1880 to 1910 . Queen Anne was one of a number of popular architectural styles to emerge during the Victorian era . Within the Victorian era timeline , Queen Anne style followed the Eastlake style and preceded the Richardsonian Romanesque and Shingle styles . The style bears almost no relationship to the Queen Anne style architecture , a toned-down version of English Baroque mostly used for gentry houses , produced in the actual reign of Queen Anne from 1702 to 1714 . It describes a wide range of picturesque buildings with free Renaissance ( non-Gothic Revival ) details rather than of a specific formulaic style in its own right . Queen Anne , as an alternative both to the French-derived Second Empire and the less domestic Beaux-Arts architecture , is broadly applied to architecture , furniture and decorative arts of the period 1880 to 1910 ; some Queen Anne architectural elements , such as the wraparound front porch , continued to be found into the 1920s .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Center City Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_City_Historic_District', 'summary': "Center City Historic District is a grouping of 19 homes and one church located along the east side of Summit Avenue situated on a hill overlooking North Center Lake in Center City , Minnesota , United States . It was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . Center City became the county seat of Chisago County in the 1870s , during a time of Swedish migration and settlement in the county . The buildings in the historic district include the Chisago Lake Evangelical Lutheran Church , which was the main Swedish Lutheran parish in the area , as well as a number of residences built between 1888 and 1910 . The homes have moderate ornamentation and attention to architectural styling details of their period . The Center City Historic District is significant as a link to the Swedish Lutheran population of the Chisago Lakes region during the area 's most important period of development and as the county 's finest concentration of late nineteenth and early twentieth century residences . When the railroad arrived in the Chisago Lakes region in 1881 , the area witnessed significant growth . The residences within the Center City Historic District , housed merchants , tradesmen , professionals , politicians , and retired farmers . They are reflective of the growing prosperity of the region . The Chisago Lake Evangelical Lutheran Church is the second-oldest Lutheran congregation in Minnesota . It was founded in 1854 by Eric Norelius , who founded several other Lutheran churches in Minnesota . Norelius was a divinity student and served for three months before returning to the seminary ."}]}, {'value': 'July 21 , 1980 ( # 80001996 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Summit Ave. 45°23′39″N 92°49′00″W / 45.394167°N 92.816667°W / 45.394167 ; -92.816667 ( Center City Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Center City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_City,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Center City is a city in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 628 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Chisago County . U.S. Highway 8 serves as a main route .'}]}, {'value': "Chisago County 's best-preserved late-19th/early-20th-century residential district , whose 19 houses and one church also reflect the area 's Swedish Lutheran heritage", 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Daubney House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 21 , 1980 ( # 80002008 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '767 River St. 45°24′35″N 92°39′02″W / 45.409586°N 92.65059°W / 45.409586 ; -92.65059 ( John Daubney House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taylors Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taylors_Falls,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Taylors Falls is a city in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States , located at the junction of U.S. Highway 8 and Minnesota State Highway 95 . The population was 976 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'c. 1870 Italianate house purchased by a prominent early settler for his retirement in 1893', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italianate_architecture', 'summary': "The Italianate style of architecture was a distinct 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture . In the Italianate style , the models and architectural vocabulary of 16th-century Italian Renaissance architecture , which had served as inspiration for both Palladianism and Neoclassicism , were synthesised with picturesque aesthetics . The style of architecture that was thus created , though also characterised as Neo-Renaissance , was essentially of its own time . The backward look transforms its object , Siegfried Giedion wrote of historicist architectural styles ; every spectator at every period - at every moment , indeed - inevitably transforms the past according to his own nature . The Italianate style was first developed in Britain in about 1802 by John Nash , with the construction of Cronkhill in Shropshire . This small country house is generally accepted to be the first Italianate villa in England , from which is derived the Italianate architecture of the late Regency and early Victorian eras . The Italianate style was further developed and popularised by the architect Sir Charles Barry in the 1830s . Barry 's Italianate style ( occasionally termed Barryesque ) drew heavily for its motifs on the buildings of the Italian Renaissance , though sometimes at odds with Nash 's semi-rustic Italianate villas . The style was not confined to England and was employed in varying forms , long after its decline in popularity in Britain , throughout Northern Europe and the British Empire . From the late 1840s to 1890 it achieved huge popularity in the United States , where it was promoted by the architect Alexander Jackson Davis ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Franconia Historic District', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 17 , 1980 ( # 80000406 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roughly Cornelian , Summer , and Henry Sts . 45°22′11″N 92°41′36″W / 45.369725°N 92.693346°W / 45.369725 ; -92.693346 ( Franconia Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Franconia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franconia_Township,_Chisago_County,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Franconia Township is a township in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 1,805 at the 2010 census , up from 1,128 at the 2000 census . The township is home to the Franconia Sculpture Park .'}]}, {'value': 'Community of seven houses built 1850s-1880s embodying pioneer settlement on the St. Croix River', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Croix_River_(Wisconsin–Minnesota)', 'summary': 'The St. Croix River ( French : Holy Cross ) is a tributary of the Mississippi River , approximately 169 miles ( 272 km ) long , in the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Minnesota . The lower 125 miles ( 201 km ) of the river form the border between Wisconsin and Minnesota . The river is a National Scenic Riverway under the protection of the National Park Service . A hydroelectric plant at St. Croix Falls supplies power to the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grant House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 21 , 1980 ( # 80002005 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4th St. and Bremer 45°41′05″N 92°57′43″W / 45.684599°N 92.961958°W / 45.684599 ; -92.961958 ( Grant House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rush City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rush_City,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Rush City is a city in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 3,079 at the 2010 census . It is fifty-eight miles north of Minneapolis-Saint Paul'}]}, {'value': "Longstanding hotel built in 1896 during Rush City 's peak as a stop on the St. Paul and Duluth Railroad", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Paul_and_Duluth_Railroad', 'summary': 'The St. Paul and Duluth Railroad was reorganized from the Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad in 1877 . It was bought by the Northern Pacific in 1900 . Known to this day as the Skally Line , it operated from Saint Paul to Duluth , Minnesota , with branches to Minneapolis , Taylors Falls , Kettle River , and Cloquet , in Minnesota , and Grantsburg and Superior in Wisconsin .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Interstate State Park CCC/WPA/Rustic Style Campground', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Interstate_Park', 'summary': 'Interstate Park comprises two adjacent state parks on the Minnesota-Wisconsin border , both named Interstate State Park . They straddle the Dalles of the St. Croix River , a deep basalt gorge with glacial potholes and other rock formations . The Wisconsin park is 1,330 acres ( 538 ha ) and the Minnesota park is 298 acres ( 121 ha ) . The towns of Taylors Falls , Minnesota and St. Croix Falls , Wisconsin are adjacent to the park . Interstate Park is within the Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway and the Ice Age National Scientific Reserve . The western terminus of the Ice Age National Scenic Trail is on the Wisconsin side . On the Minnesota side , two areas contain National Park Service rustic style buildings and structures that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': 'June 11 , 1992 ( # 92000638 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Off U.S. Route 8 45°23′33″N 92°40′08″W / 45.3925°N 92.668889°W / 45.3925 ; -92.668889 ( Interstate State Park CCC/WPA/Rustic Style Campground )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_8', 'summary': "U.S. Highway 8 ( US 8 ) is a United States Numbered Highway that runs primarily east-west for 280 miles ( 451 km ) , mostly within the state of Wisconsin . It connects Interstate 35 ( I-35 ) in Forest Lake , Minnesota , to US 2 at Norway in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan near the border with Wisconsin . Except for the short freeway segment near Forest Lake , and sections near the St. Croix River bridge and Rhinelander , Wisconsin , it is mostly undivided surface road . As a state highway in the three states , US 8 is maintained by the Minnesota , Wisconsin and Michigan departments of transportation ( MnDOT , WisDOT , MDOT , respectively ) . The highway was originally commissioned on November 11 , 1926 , with the rest of the original U.S. Highway System . At the time , it ran between Forest Lake , Minnesota , and Pembine , Wisconsin , with a planned continuation to Powers , Michigan . Several changes have been made to the routing of the highway since then . The western end was extended south to Minneapolis before it was truncated back to Forest Lake . Other changes on the east end have moved that terminus from the originally planned end location at Powers to the current location in Norway . Internal Wisconsin and Michigan DOT map files at various times have shown plans to reroute the highway to connect to the original 1926 terminus . US 8 's course through the three states has also been shifted to follow different alignments over the years . WisDOT built a bypass around the city of Rhinelander in the 1990s and created a business loop along the old highway through the town ."}]}, {'value': 'Taylors Falls vicinity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taylors_Falls,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Taylors Falls is a city in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States , located at the junction of U.S. Highway 8 and Minnesota State Highway 95 . The population was 976 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Six park structures built 1938-1941 significant as examples of New Deal federal work relief , early state park development , National Park Service rustic design , and landscape architecture', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Deal', 'summary': 'The New Deal was a series of programs , public work projects , financial reforms , and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939 . It responded to needs for relief , reform , and recovery from the Great Depression . Major federal programs and agencies included the Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC ) , the Civil Works Administration ( CWA ) , the Farm Security Administration ( FSA ) , the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 ( NIRA ) and the Social Security Administration ( SSA ) . They provided support for farmers , the unemployed , youth and the elderly . The New Deal included new constraints and safeguards on the banking industry and efforts to re-inflate the economy after prices had fallen sharply . New Deal programs included both laws passed by Congress as well as presidential executive orders during the first term of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt . The programs focused on what historians refer to as the 3 Rs : relief for the unemployed and poor , recovery of the economy back to normal levels , and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression . The New Deal produced a political realignment , making the Democratic Party the majority ( as well as the party that held the White House for seven out of the nine presidential terms from 1933 to 1969 ) with its base in liberal ideas , the South , traditional [ clarification needed ] Democrats , big city machines and the newly empowered labor unions and non-whites and ethnic whites . The Republicans were split , with conservatives opposing the entire New Deal as hostile to business and economic growth and liberals in support . The realignment crystallized into the New Deal coalition that dominated presidential elections into the 1960s while the opposing conservative coalition largely controlled Congress in domestic affairs from 1937 to 1964 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/National_Park_Service_rustic', 'summary': 'National Park Service rustic - sometimes colloquially called Parkitecture - is a style of architecture that developed in the early and middle 20th century in the United States National Park Service ( NPS ) through its efforts to create buildings that harmonized with the natural environment . Since its founding in 1916 , the NPS sought to design and build visitor facilities without visually interrupting the natural or historic surroundings . The early results were characterized by intensive use of hand labor and a rejection of the regularity and symmetry of the industrial world , reflecting connections with the Arts and Crafts movement and American Picturesque architecture . Architects , landscape architects and engineers combined native wood and stone with convincingly native styles to create visually appealing structures that seemed to fit naturally within the majestic landscapes . Examples of the style can be found in numerous types of National Park structures , including entrance gateways , hotels and lodges , park roads and bridges , visitor centers , trail shelters , informational kiosks , and even mundane maintenance and support facilities . Many of these buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Interstate State Park WPA/Rustic Style Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Interstate_Park', 'summary': 'Interstate Park comprises two adjacent state parks on the Minnesota-Wisconsin border , both named Interstate State Park . They straddle the Dalles of the St. Croix River , a deep basalt gorge with glacial potholes and other rock formations . The Wisconsin park is 1,330 acres ( 538 ha ) and the Minnesota park is 298 acres ( 121 ha ) . The towns of Taylors Falls , Minnesota and St. Croix Falls , Wisconsin are adjacent to the park . Interstate Park is within the Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway and the Ice Age National Scientific Reserve . The western terminus of the Ice Age National Scenic Trail is on the Wisconsin side . On the Minnesota side , two areas contain National Park Service rustic style buildings and structures that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': 'June 11 , 1992 ( # 89001664 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Off U.S. Route 8 45°24′00″N 92°39′04″W / 45.400004°N 92.651205°W / 45.400004 ; -92.651205 ( Interstate State Park WPA/Rustic Style Historic District )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_8', 'summary': "U.S. Highway 8 ( US 8 ) is a United States Numbered Highway that runs primarily east-west for 280 miles ( 451 km ) , mostly within the state of Wisconsin . It connects Interstate 35 ( I-35 ) in Forest Lake , Minnesota , to US 2 at Norway in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan near the border with Wisconsin . Except for the short freeway segment near Forest Lake , and sections near the St. Croix River bridge and Rhinelander , Wisconsin , it is mostly undivided surface road . As a state highway in the three states , US 8 is maintained by the Minnesota , Wisconsin and Michigan departments of transportation ( MnDOT , WisDOT , MDOT , respectively ) . The highway was originally commissioned on November 11 , 1926 , with the rest of the original U.S. Highway System . At the time , it ran between Forest Lake , Minnesota , and Pembine , Wisconsin , with a planned continuation to Powers , Michigan . Several changes have been made to the routing of the highway since then . The western end was extended south to Minneapolis before it was truncated back to Forest Lake . Other changes on the east end have moved that terminus from the originally planned end location at Powers to the current location in Norway . Internal Wisconsin and Michigan DOT map files at various times have shown plans to reroute the highway to connect to the original 1926 terminus . US 8 's course through the three states has also been shifted to follow different alignments over the years . WisDOT built a bypass around the city of Rhinelander in the 1990s and created a business loop along the old highway through the town ."}]}, {'value': 'Taylors Falls vicinity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taylors_Falls,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Taylors Falls is a city in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States , located at the junction of U.S. Highway 8 and Minnesota State Highway 95 . The population was 976 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Six park structures built 1920-1939 significant as examples of New Deal federal work relief , early state park development , National Park Service rustic design , and landscape architecture', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Deal', 'summary': 'The New Deal was a series of programs , public work projects , financial reforms , and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939 . It responded to needs for relief , reform , and recovery from the Great Depression . Major federal programs and agencies included the Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC ) , the Civil Works Administration ( CWA ) , the Farm Security Administration ( FSA ) , the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 ( NIRA ) and the Social Security Administration ( SSA ) . They provided support for farmers , the unemployed , youth and the elderly . The New Deal included new constraints and safeguards on the banking industry and efforts to re-inflate the economy after prices had fallen sharply . New Deal programs included both laws passed by Congress as well as presidential executive orders during the first term of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt . The programs focused on what historians refer to as the 3 Rs : relief for the unemployed and poor , recovery of the economy back to normal levels , and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression . The New Deal produced a political realignment , making the Democratic Party the majority ( as well as the party that held the White House for seven out of the nine presidential terms from 1933 to 1969 ) with its base in liberal ideas , the South , traditional [ clarification needed ] Democrats , big city machines and the newly empowered labor unions and non-whites and ethnic whites . The Republicans were split , with conservatives opposing the entire New Deal as hostile to business and economic growth and liberals in support . The realignment crystallized into the New Deal coalition that dominated presidential elections into the 1960s while the opposing conservative coalition largely controlled Congress in domestic affairs from 1937 to 1964 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/National_Park_Service_rustic', 'summary': 'National Park Service rustic - sometimes colloquially called Parkitecture - is a style of architecture that developed in the early and middle 20th century in the United States National Park Service ( NPS ) through its efforts to create buildings that harmonized with the natural environment . Since its founding in 1916 , the NPS sought to design and build visitor facilities without visually interrupting the natural or historic surroundings . The early results were characterized by intensive use of hand labor and a rejection of the regularity and symmetry of the industrial world , reflecting connections with the Arts and Crafts movement and American Picturesque architecture . Architects , landscape architects and engineers combined native wood and stone with convincingly native styles to create visually appealing structures that seemed to fit naturally within the majestic landscapes . Examples of the style can be found in numerous types of National Park structures , including entrance gateways , hotels and lodges , park roads and bridges , visitor centers , trail shelters , informational kiosks , and even mundane maintenance and support facilities . Many of these buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank A. Larson House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 21 , 1980 ( # 80002001 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12625 Newell Ave. 45°23′18″N 92°51′02″W / 45.388274°N 92.850571°W / 45.388274 ; -92.850571 ( Frank A. Larson House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lindstrom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lindstrom,_Minnesota', 'summary': "Lindström ( also spelled Lindstrom ) is a city in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States , located 35 miles northeast of the Twin Cities . The population was 4,442 at the 2010 census . Lindström 's motto is America 's Little Sweden . U.S. Highway 8 serves as a main route for the community ."}]}, {'value': 'c. 1898 summer home noted for its association with the local resort and tourism industry and its especially picturesque design', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moody Barn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moody_Barn', 'summary': 'The Moody Barn is a round barn in Chisago Lake Township , Chisago County , Minnesota , United States . The farm was first homesteaded in 1871 by Elof and Eva Modig , who emigrated from Sweden . The couple raised five children and grew wheat on their farm , as was common in the 1870s . By the 1890s Minnesota farming had begun to diversify , with cheese and butter production becoming popular and distributed by cooperative creameries . In 1915 Charles Moody , one of the sons , decided to build a modern round barn . The barn is 56 feet ( 17 m ) in diameter and about the same in height . The interior contains a 42-foot high ( 13 m ) silo . The first floor of the barn housed milk cows and their calves , while the second floor was used to store hay . Instead of the traditional red and white paint , the Moody barn was painted in a blue-gray color . The construction cost was $ 3200 , with seven men paid $ 1 per day plus meals for the construction . The accompanying farm house was moved from the west side of the road to the east side in 2004 . The barn and farm house are now owned by the Chisago Lakes Township and managed by the Chisago County Historical Society .'}]}, {'value': 'July 21 , 1980 ( # 80001998 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'County Highway 24 45°18′07″N 92°52′15″W / 45.301826°N 92.870768°W / 45.301826 ; -92.870768 ( Moody Barn )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chisago Lake Township', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chisago_Lake_Township,_Chisago_County,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Chisago Lake Township is a township in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 4,656 at the 2010 census , up from 3,276 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': "1915 round barn , prominent symbol of Chisago County 's early-20th-century dairy farming industry . Now a Chisago County Historical Society property", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Round_barn', 'summary': 'A round barn is a historic barn design that could be octagonal , polygonal , or circular in plan . Though round barns were not as popular as some other barn designs , their unique shape makes them noticeable . The years from 1880-1920 represent the height of round barn construction . Round barn construction in the United States can be divided into two overlapping eras . The first , the octagonal era , spanned from 1850-1900 . The second , the true circular era , spanned from 1889-1936 . The overlap meant that round barns of both types , polygonal and circular , were built during the latter part of the nineteenth century . Numerous round barns in the United States are listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dairy_farming', 'summary': 'Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk , which is processed ( either on the farm or at a dairy plant , either of which may be called a dairy ) for eventual sale of a dairy product .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Munch House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 4 , 1976 ( # 76001050 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Summer St. 45°22′16″N 92°41′39″W / 45.371134°N 92.694047°W / 45.371134 ; -92.694047 ( Paul Munch House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Franconia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franconia_Township,_Chisago_County,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Franconia Township is a township in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 1,805 at the 2010 census , up from 1,128 at the 2000 census . The township is home to the Franconia Sculpture Park .'}]}, {'value': 'Rare Minnesota example , built c. 1855 , of an affluent , late Greek Revival -style house . Also a contributing property to the Franconia Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture', 'summary': 'The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries , predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States . It revived the style of ancient Greek architecture , in particular the Greek temple , with varying degrees of thoroughness and consistency . A product of Hellenism , it may be looked upon as the last phase in the development of Neoclassical architecture , which had for long mainly drawn from Roman architecture . The term was first used by Charles Robert Cockerell in a lecture he gave as Professor of Architecture to the Royal Academy of Arts , London in 1842 . With a newfound access to Greece , or initially the books produced by the few who had actually been able to visit the sites , archaeologist-architects of the period studied the Doric and Ionic orders . In each country it touched , the style was looked on as the expression of local nationalism and civic virtue , and freedom from the lax detail and frivolity that was thought to characterize the architecture of France and Italy , two countries where the style never really took hold . This was especially the case in Britain , Germany and the United States , where the idiom was regarded as being free from ecclesiastical and aristocratic associations . The taste for all things Greek in furniture and interior design , sometimes called Neo-Grec , was at its peak by the beginning of the 19th century , when the designs of Thomas Hope had influenced a number of decorative styles known variously as Neoclassical , Empire , Russian Empire , and Regency architecture in Britain . Greek Revival architecture took a different course in a number of countries , lasting until the Civil War in America ( 1860s ) and even later in Scotland .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Munch-Roos House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'November 20 , 1970 ( # 70000289 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '360 Bench St. [ now 190 2nd St. ] 45°24′13″N 92°39′08″W / 45.403524°N 92.6521°W / 45.403524 ; -92.6521 ( Munch-Roos House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taylors Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taylors_Falls,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Taylors Falls is a city in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States , located at the junction of U.S. Highway 8 and Minnesota State Highway 95 . The population was 976 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Rare intact example , built 1853 , of the modest Greek Revival houses once common in Minnesota Territory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture', 'summary': 'The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries , predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States . It revived the style of ancient Greek architecture , in particular the Greek temple , with varying degrees of thoroughness and consistency . A product of Hellenism , it may be looked upon as the last phase in the development of Neoclassical architecture , which had for long mainly drawn from Roman architecture . The term was first used by Charles Robert Cockerell in a lecture he gave as Professor of Architecture to the Royal Academy of Arts , London in 1842 . With a newfound access to Greece , or initially the books produced by the few who had actually been able to visit the sites , archaeologist-architects of the period studied the Doric and Ionic orders . In each country it touched , the style was looked on as the expression of local nationalism and civic virtue , and freedom from the lax detail and frivolity that was thought to characterize the architecture of France and Italy , two countries where the style never really took hold . This was especially the case in Britain , Germany and the United States , where the idiom was regarded as being free from ecclesiastical and aristocratic associations . The taste for all things Greek in furniture and interior design , sometimes called Neo-Grec , was at its peak by the beginning of the 19th century , when the designs of Thomas Hope had influenced a number of decorative styles known variously as Neoclassical , Empire , Russian Empire , and Regency architecture in Britain . Greek Revival architecture took a different course in a number of countries , lasting until the Civil War in America ( 1860s ) and even later in Scotland .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Minnesota_Territory', 'summary': 'The Territory of Minnesota was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 3 , 1849 , until May 11 , 1858 , when the eastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Minnesota .'}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Point Douglas to Superior Military Road : Deer Creek Section', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wild_River_State_Park', 'summary': "Wild River State Park is a state park of Minnesota , United States , curving along 18 miles ( 29 km ) of the St. Croix River . This long , narrow park is shaped somewhat like a sideways 'S ' , with development largely concentrated in the lower third . The remote upper sections flank the mouth of a tributary called the Sunrise River . The park is managed to provide quieter , more nature-oriented recreation as a counterpoint to the busier William O'Brien and Interstate State Parks downstream . Wild River State Park is named after the St. Croix 's designation as a National Wild and Scenic River . The park contains the Point Douglas to Superior Military Road : Deer Creek Section , a surviving section of the Point Douglas to Superior Military Road built in 1853 , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places ."}]}, {'value': 'February 7 , 1991 ( # 90002200 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Off County Highway 16 45°30′22″N 92°43′04″W / 45.505986°N 92.717743°W / 45.505986 ; -92.717743 ( Point Douglas to Superior Military Road : Deer Creek Section )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amador Township', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amador_Township,_Chisago_County,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Amador Township is a township in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 885 at the 2010 census . The unincorporated community of Almelund is located within the township .'}]}, {'value': "1853 section of the Point Douglas to Superior Military Road , some of the first transportation infrastructure in Minnesota . Now part of Wild River State Park 's trail system", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Point_Douglas_to_Superior_Military_Road', 'summary': 'Point Douglas to Superior Military Road , also known as Point Douglas to St. Louis River Military Road and as Douglas Highway , was a road that ran between Point Douglas , located at the outlet of the Lower St. Croix Lake near Hastings , Minnesota , first to the falls of the St. Louis River near Thomson , Minnesota , and later extended to the mouth of the St. Louis River in Superior , Wisconsin . From Douglas Point immediately east of Hastings , Minnesota , the route connected Stillwater , Taylors Falls , Sunrise , Chengwatana , Fortuna , Scotts Corner , to Thomson and Superior . Several discontinuous sections of this road are still in use .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wild_River_State_Park', 'summary': "Wild River State Park is a state park of Minnesota , United States , curving along 18 miles ( 29 km ) of the St. Croix River . This long , narrow park is shaped somewhat like a sideways 'S ' , with development largely concentrated in the lower third . The remote upper sections flank the mouth of a tributary called the Sunrise River . The park is managed to provide quieter , more nature-oriented recreation as a counterpoint to the busier William O'Brien and Interstate State Parks downstream . Wild River State Park is named after the St. Croix 's designation as a National Wild and Scenic River . The park contains the Point Douglas to Superior Military Road : Deer Creek Section , a surviving section of the Point Douglas to Superior Military Road built in 1853 , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sayer House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 21 , 1980 ( # 80002002 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'County Highways 9 and 30 45°35′09″N 92°58′27″W / 45.585833°N 92.974167°W / 45.585833 ; -92.974167 ( Sayer House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harris,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Harris is a city in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 1,132 at the 2010 census . There is a restaurant named Kaffe Stuga , a post office , a bar and grill , and tattoo shop , among other businesses . Interstate 35 serves as a main route for the community .'}]}, {'value': 'Large Italianate house/inn built c. 1875 , dating to a period of land speculation as Chisago County was settled . Also known as the George Flanders House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italianate_architecture', 'summary': "The Italianate style of architecture was a distinct 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture . In the Italianate style , the models and architectural vocabulary of 16th-century Italian Renaissance architecture , which had served as inspiration for both Palladianism and Neoclassicism , were synthesised with picturesque aesthetics . The style of architecture that was thus created , though also characterised as Neo-Renaissance , was essentially of its own time . The backward look transforms its object , Siegfried Giedion wrote of historicist architectural styles ; every spectator at every period - at every moment , indeed - inevitably transforms the past according to his own nature . The Italianate style was first developed in Britain in about 1802 by John Nash , with the construction of Cronkhill in Shropshire . This small country house is generally accepted to be the first Italianate villa in England , from which is derived the Italianate architecture of the late Regency and early Victorian eras . The Italianate style was further developed and popularised by the architect Sir Charles Barry in the 1830s . Barry 's Italianate style ( occasionally termed Barryesque ) drew heavily for its motifs on the buildings of the Italian Renaissance , though sometimes at odds with Nash 's semi-rustic Italianate villas . The style was not confined to England and was employed in varying forms , long after its decline in popularity in Britain , throughout Northern Europe and the British Empire . From the late 1840s to 1890 it achieved huge popularity in the United States , where it was promoted by the architect Alexander Jackson Davis ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taylors Falls Public Library', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taylors_Falls_Public_Library', 'summary': 'Taylors Falls Public Library is the public library of Taylors Falls , Minnesota , United States , still operating in its original 19th-century building . Originally constructed as a tailor shop in 1854 , the building was remodeled and converted into a library in 1887 . Taylors Falls Public Library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 for its local significance in the themes of architecture and education . It was nominated for being an intact example of small-town libraries as they existed before Carnegie libraries and bookmobiles , and for its Carpenter Gothic/Stick style architecture .'}]}, {'value': 'October 15 , 1970 ( # 70000290 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '473 Bench St. 45°24′14″N 92°39′10″W / 45.40397°N 92.652815°W / 45.40397 ; -92.652815 ( Taylors Falls Public Library )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taylors Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taylors_Falls,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Taylors Falls is a city in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States , located at the junction of U.S. Highway 8 and Minnesota State Highway 95 . The population was 976 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Example of an early small-town library as well as Carpenter Gothic and Stick style architecture , stemming from an 1887 conversion of an 1854 building', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carpenter_Gothic', 'summary': "Carpenter Gothic , also sometimes called Carpenter 's Gothic or Rural Gothic , is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters . The abundance of North American timber and the carpenter-built vernacular architectures based upon it made a picturesque improvisation upon Gothic a natural evolution . Carpenter Gothic improvises upon features that were carved in stone in authentic Gothic architecture , whether original or in more scholarly revival styles ; however , in the absence of the restraining influence of genuine Gothic structures , the style was freed to improvise and emphasize charm and quaintness rather than fidelity to received models . The genre received its impetus from the publication by Alexander Jackson Davis of Rural Residences and from detailed plans and elevations in publications by Andrew Jackson Downing ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Stick_style', 'summary': 'The Stick style was a late-19th-century American architectural style , transitional between the Carpenter Gothic style of the mid-19th century , and the Queen Anne style that it had evolved into by the 1890s . It is named after its use of linear stickwork ( overlay board strips ) on the outside walls to mimic an exposed half-timbered frame .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charles A. Victor House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 21 , 1980 ( # 80002003 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30495 Park St. 45°23′21″N 92°50′53″W / 45.38929°N 92.848004°W / 45.38929 ; -92.848004 ( Charles A. Victor House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lindstrom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lindstrom,_Minnesota', 'summary': "Lindström ( also spelled Lindstrom ) is a city in Chisago County , Minnesota , United States , located 35 miles northeast of the Twin Cities . The population was 4,442 at the 2010 census . Lindström 's motto is America 's Little Sweden . U.S. Highway 8 serves as a main route for the community ."}]}, {'value': 'c. 1905 house of one of the entrepreneurs who helped develop their respective Chisago County towns', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Current listings', 'section_text': 'Map all coordinates using : OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as : KML · GPX', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Chisago_County,_Minnesota_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Chisago County, Minnesota. It is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Chisago County, Minnesota, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map. There are 18 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. A supplementary list includes three additional sites that were formerly listed on the National Register.'}	null	null	What did the population last increase fromin the township that contains an historic item that was painted in a non-traditional blue-gray color ?	3,276
09df71eb96719b21	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Major_League_Baseball_draft', 'title': '1975 Major League Baseball draft', 'header': ['Round', 'Pick', 'Player', 'Team', 'Position'], 'data': [{'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lee Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lee_Smith_(baseball)', 'summary': "Lee Arthur Smith ( born December 4 , 1957 ) is an American former professional baseball pitcher , who played 18 years in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for eight teams . Smith served mostly as a relief pitcher during his career . One of the dominant closers in baseball history , he held the major league record for career saves from 1993 until 2006 , when San Diego Padres relief pitcher Trevor Hoffman passed his total of 478 . Smith was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame on December 9 , 2018 as part of the Today 's Game Era Committee vote . A native of Jamestown in Bienville Parish in north Louisiana , Smith was scouted by Buck O'Neil and drafted by the Cubs in the 1975 MLB Draft . Smith was an intimidating figure on the pitcher 's mound at 6 feet , 6 inches ( 1.98 m ) and 265 pounds ( 120 kg ) with a 95-mile per hour ( 150 km/h ) fastball . In 1991 , he set a National League ( NL ) record with 47 saves for the St. Louis Cardinals , and was runner-up for the league 's Cy Young Award ; it was the second of three times Smith led the NL in saves , and he later led the American League ( AL ) once while with the Baltimore Orioles in 1994 . Smith also set the major league career record for games finished ( 802 ) , and his 1,022 career games pitched were the third-most in history when he retired ; Smith still holds the team records for career saves for the Cubs ( 180 ) , and he also held the Cardinals record ( 160 ) until 2006 . After the end of Smiths major league career , he spent time working as a pitching instructor at the minor-league level with the San Francisco Giants . Smith then served as the pitching coach for the South Africa national baseball team in the 2006 World Baseball Classic and 2009 World Baseball Classic . He is a minor-league roving pitching instructor for the Giants ."}]}, {'value': 'Chicago Cubs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_Cubs', 'summary': "The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago , Illinois . The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . The team plays its home games at Wrigley Field , located on the city 's North Side . The Cubs are one of two major league teams in Chicago ; the other , the Chicago White Sox , is a member of the American League ( AL ) Central division . The Cubs , first known as the White Stockings , were a founding member of the NL in 1876 , becoming the Chicago Cubs in 1903 . The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series . The 1906 Cubs won 116 games , finishing 116-36 and posting a modern-era record winning percentage of .763 , before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox ( The Hitless Wonders ) by four games to two . The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908 , becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series , and the first to win it twice . Most recently , the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series , which ended a 71-year National League pennant drought and a 108-year World Series championship drought , both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball . The 108-year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports . Since the start of divisional play in 1969 , the Cubs have appeared in the postseason ten times through the 2019 season . The Cubs are known as the North Siders , a reference to the location of Wrigley Field within the city of Chicago , and in contrast to the White Sox , whose home field ( Guaranteed Rate Field ) is located on the South Side ."}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '49', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carney Lansford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carney_Lansford', 'summary': 'Carney Ray Lansford ( born February 7 , 1957 ) is a former third baseman in Major League Baseball and former hitting coach of the Colorado Rockies . Lansford , who played for the California Angels ( 1978-80 ) , Boston Red Sox ( 1981-82 ) and Oakland Athletics ( 1983-92 ) , batted and threw right-handed .'}]}, {'value': 'California Angels', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_Angels', 'summary': "The Los Angeles Angels are an American professional baseball team based in the city of Anaheim , California , part of Orange County and the Los Angeles metropolitan area . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) West division . The Angels have played home games at Angel Stadium since 1966 . The current MLB franchise was established as one of the league 's first two expansion teams in 1961 by Gene Autry , the team 's first owner . Autry was a famous singing cowboy actor in a series of films in the 1930s to 1950s , and later was the subject of the Gene Autry Western Heritage Museum . The Angels name was taken by Autry in tribute to the previous original Los Angeles Angels , a Minor League franchise in the Pacific Coast League ( PCL ) , which played in South Central Los Angeles from 1903 to 1957 . He bought the rights to the Angels name from Walter O'Malley , the then-Los Angeles Dodgers owner , who acquired the PCL franchise from Philip K. Wrigley , also the owner of the parent Chicago Cubs at the time , as part of the Dodgers ' move to Southern California ."}]}, {'value': 'Shortstop', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '68', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Don Robinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Don_Robinson_(baseball)', 'summary': "Don Allen Donnie Robinson ( born June 8 , 1957 ) , is a former Major League Baseball pitcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates , San Francisco Giants , California Angels , and Philadelphia Phillies from 1978 through 1992 . Nicknamed The Caveman , Robinson 's career record was 109-106 with a 3.79 ERA . In 1978 , as a 21-year-old rookie , Robinson was 14-6 with a 3.47 ERA . His won-loss percentage was second to NL Cy Young Award winner Gaylord Perry . Robinson was named The Sporting News NL Rookie Pitcher of the Year and was third in overall NL Rookie of the Year . He finished eighth in the Cy Young Award contest . The next year , he went 8-8 with a 3.87 ERA . He also pitched in six postseason games , winning two and helping the Pirates to the 1979 World Series championship . Robinson was regarded as one of the best-hitting pitchers during his time , winning three Silver Slugger Awards in 1982 , 1989 , and 1990 . In 1990 , Robinson became the first pitcher to hit a pinch-hit home run since 1971 against the San Diego Padres . He hit 13 home runs in his career . He compiled a .231 batting average ( 146-631 ) with 47 runs and 69 RBI ."}]}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh Pirates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates', 'summary': 'The Pittsburgh Pirates are an American professional baseball team based in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . Founded in 1881 under the name Pittsburgh Allegheny , the franchise has won five World Series championships . The Pirates are also often referred to as the Bucs or the Buccos ( derived from buccaneer , a synonym for pirate ) . The team plays its home games at PNC Park , its home since 2001 . The Pirates previously played at Forbes Field from 1909-1970 and at Three Rivers Stadium , so named because of its location near the confluence of the Allegheny , Monongahela , and Ohio rivers , from 1970-2000 . The franchise joined the NL in its eighth season in 1887 and was competitive from its early years , winning three NL titles from 1901 to 1903 , playing in the inaugural World Series in 1903 and winning their first World Series in 1909 behind Honus Wagner . The Pirates have had many ups and downs during their long history , most famously winning the 1960 World Series against the New York Yankees on a series-winning walk-off home run by Bill Mazeroski , the only time that Game 7 of the World Series has ever ended with a home run . They also won the 1971 World Series , led by the talent of Roberto Clemente , and the 1979 World Series under the slogan We Are Family , led by Pops Willie Stargell . After a run of regular-season success in the early 1990s ( winning three straight NL East Division titles ) , the Pirates struggled mightily over the following 20 years , with 20 consecutive losing seasons from 1993 to 2012 - the longest such streak in American professional sports history - before posting a winning record in 2013 of 94-68 , qualifying them for the NL Wild Card . They advanced to the NL Division Series round , where they lost in 5 games to the St. Louis Cardinals . The Pirates made the playoffs in both 2014 and 2015 , losing in the Wild Card Game both times .'}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '75', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jason Thompson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jason_Thompson_(first_baseman,_born_1954)', 'summary': 'Jason Dolph Thompson ( born July 6 , 1954 ) is a former Major League Baseball first baseman , and the current owner and operator of Jason Thompson Baseball , which offers baseball instruction in Auburn Hills , Michigan . He threw and batted left-handed .'}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Tigers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Detroit_Tigers', 'summary': "The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit , Michigan . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the American League ( AL ) Central division . One of the AL 's eight charter franchises , the club was founded in Detroit as a member of the minor league Western League in 1894 and is the only Western League team still in its original city . They are also the oldest continuous one name , one city franchise in the AL . Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901 , the Tigers have won four World Series championships ( 1935 , 1945 , 1968 , and 1984 ) , 11 AL pennants ( 1907 , 1908 , 1909 , 1934 , 1935 , 1940 , 1945 , 1968 , 1984 , 2006 , 2012 ) , and four AL Central division championships ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , and 2014 ) . They also won division titles in 1972 , 1984 , and 1987 as a member of the AL East . The team currently plays its home games at Comerica Park in Downtown Detroit . The Tigers constructed Bennett Park at the corner of Michigan Avenue and Trumbull Avenue in Corktown ( just west of Downtown Detroit ) and began playing there in 1896 . In 1912 , the team moved into Navin Field , which was built on the same location . It was expanded in 1938 and renamed Briggs Stadium . It was renamed Tiger Stadium in 1961 and the Tigers played there until moving to Comerica Park in 2000 . From 1901 to 2019 , the Tigers ' overall win-loss record is 9,346-9,191 ( a winning percentage of .504 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher-First Baseman', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '84', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dickie Noles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dickie_Noles', 'summary': "Dickie Ray Noles ( born November 19 , 1956 ) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher with the Philadelphia Phillies , Chicago Cubs , Texas Rangers , Cleveland Indians , Detroit Tigers and the Baltimore Orioles between 1979 and 1990 . He batted and threw right-handed . Today Noles is a born-again Christian and works for the Philadelphia Phillies . Noles was an effective relief pitcher for the Phillies ' 1980 World Series championship team . In Game 4 of that series , Noles came on in relief of Larry Christenson in the first inning with only one out and the Phillies down 4-0 to the Kansas City Royals . Noles pitched the next 4\u200b2⁄3 innings and gave up another run , but is most remembered for throwing a fastball under George Brett 's chin in the fourth inning that prompted a warning by the umpires to both teams . Brett struck out in the at-bat and had only three singles and one RBI the remainder of the series . The brushback incident is looked upon as the turning point in that series for the Phillies . Before the 1982 season , Noles was traded along with Keith Moreland to the Chicago Cubs for pitcher Mike Krukow and cash . Noles had an effective season as a starter in 1982 , going 10-13 . In early 1983 , however , Noles ' alcohol problems began to surface . He and a Cubs teammate drunkenly assaulted a police officer after a game and Noles severely injured his left knee ."}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Phillies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies', 'summary': "The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the National League ( NL ) East division . Since 2004 , the team 's home stadium has been Citizens Bank Park , located in South Philadelphia . The Phillies are the oldest , continuous , one-name , one-city franchise in American professional sports . The Phillies have won two World Series championships ( against the Kansas City Royals in 1980 and the Tampa Bay Rays in 2008 ) and seven National League pennants , the first of which came in 1915 . Since the first modern World Series was played in 1903 , the Phillies played 77 consecutive seasons ( and 97 seasons from the club 's establishment ) before they won their first World Series - longer than any of the other 16 teams that made up the major leagues for the first half of the 20th century . They are one of the more successful franchises since the start of the Divisional Era in Major League Baseball . The Phillies have won 11 division titles , including five consecutive division titles from 2007 to 2011 ; these are ranked sixth among all teams and fourth in the National League . The franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883 , replacing the team from Worcester , Massachusetts , in the National League . The team has played at several stadiums in the city , beginning with Recreation Park and continuing at Baker Bowl ; Shibe Park , which was later renamed Connie Mack Stadium in honor of the longtime Philadelphia Athletics manager ; Veterans Stadium , and now Citizens Bank Park . The team 's spring training facilities are located in Clearwater , Florida , where its Class-A minor league affiliate Clearwater Threshers plays at Spectrum Field . Other Class-A affiliates are the Lakewood BlueClaws , who play in Lakewood , New Jersey , and the Williamsport Crosscutters , who play in Williamsport , Pennsylvania ."}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '99', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lou Whitaker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lou_Whitaker', 'summary': 'Louis Rodman Whitaker Jr. ( born May 12 , 1957 ) , nicknamed Sweet Lou , is an American professional baseball second baseman who played for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) from 1977 to 1995 . He won the American League Rookie of the Year Award in 1978 , and was a five-time MLB All-Star in his career . He won four Silver Slugger Awards and three Gold Glove Awards . Along with teammate Alan Trammell , Whitaker was part of the longest running double play combination in MLB history .'}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Tigers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Detroit_Tigers', 'summary': "The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit , Michigan . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the American League ( AL ) Central division . One of the AL 's eight charter franchises , the club was founded in Detroit as a member of the minor league Western League in 1894 and is the only Western League team still in its original city . They are also the oldest continuous one name , one city franchise in the AL . Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901 , the Tigers have won four World Series championships ( 1935 , 1945 , 1968 , and 1984 ) , 11 AL pennants ( 1907 , 1908 , 1909 , 1934 , 1935 , 1940 , 1945 , 1968 , 1984 , 2006 , 2012 ) , and four AL Central division championships ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , and 2014 ) . They also won division titles in 1972 , 1984 , and 1987 as a member of the AL East . The team currently plays its home games at Comerica Park in Downtown Detroit . The Tigers constructed Bennett Park at the corner of Michigan Avenue and Trumbull Avenue in Corktown ( just west of Downtown Detroit ) and began playing there in 1896 . In 1912 , the team moved into Navin Field , which was built on the same location . It was expanded in 1938 and renamed Briggs Stadium . It was renamed Tiger Stadium in 1961 and the Tigers played there until moving to Comerica Park in 2000 . From 1901 to 2019 , the Tigers ' overall win-loss record is 9,346-9,191 ( a winning percentage of .504 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Third Baseman', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '156', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Keith Moreland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keith_Moreland', 'summary': "Bobby Keith Zonk Moreland ( born May 2 , 1954 in Dallas , Texas ) is a former outfielder , catcher and infielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Philadelphia Phillies , Chicago Cubs , and San Diego Padres . In 1989 , the final year of his career , he played for the Detroit Tigers , then the Baltimore Orioles . On February 16 , 2011 , he was named the Cubs ' color analyst on WGN-AM and the Cubs Radio Network , replacing Ron Santo . On November 6 , 2013 , he announced that he was stepping down from his position at WGN Radio to spend more time with his family ."}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Phillies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies', 'summary': "The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the National League ( NL ) East division . Since 2004 , the team 's home stadium has been Citizens Bank Park , located in South Philadelphia . The Phillies are the oldest , continuous , one-name , one-city franchise in American professional sports . The Phillies have won two World Series championships ( against the Kansas City Royals in 1980 and the Tampa Bay Rays in 2008 ) and seven National League pennants , the first of which came in 1915 . Since the first modern World Series was played in 1903 , the Phillies played 77 consecutive seasons ( and 97 seasons from the club 's establishment ) before they won their first World Series - longer than any of the other 16 teams that made up the major leagues for the first half of the 20th century . They are one of the more successful franchises since the start of the Divisional Era in Major League Baseball . The Phillies have won 11 division titles , including five consecutive division titles from 2007 to 2011 ; these are ranked sixth among all teams and fourth in the National League . The franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883 , replacing the team from Worcester , Massachusetts , in the National League . The team has played at several stadiums in the city , beginning with Recreation Park and continuing at Baker Bowl ; Shibe Park , which was later renamed Connie Mack Stadium in honor of the longtime Philadelphia Athletics manager ; Veterans Stadium , and now Citizens Bank Park . The team 's spring training facilities are located in Clearwater , Florida , where its Class-A minor league affiliate Clearwater Threshers plays at Spectrum Field . Other Class-A affiliates are the Lakewood BlueClaws , who play in Lakewood , New Jersey , and the Williamsport Crosscutters , who play in Williamsport , Pennsylvania ."}]}, {'value': 'Third Baseman', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '250', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andre Dawson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andre_Dawson', 'summary': "Andre Nolan Dawson ( born July 10 , 1954 ) , nicknamed The Hawk and Awesome Dawson , is an American former professional baseball player and inductee into the Baseball Hall of Fame . During a 21-year baseball career , he played for four different teams as a center and right fielder , spending most of his career with the Montreal Expos ( 1976-1986 ) and Chicago Cubs ( 1987-1992 ) . An 8-time National League ( NL ) All-Star , he was named the league 's Rookie of the Year in 1977 after batting .282 with 19 home runs and 65 runs batted in ( RBI ) , and won the Most Valuable Player Award in 1987 after leading the league with 49 homers and 137 RBI ; he had been runner-up for the award in both 1981 and 1983 . He batted .300 five times , drove in 100 runs four times and had 13 seasons of 20 home runs . A strong baserunner early in his career , he also stole 30 bases three times . He is one of eight MLB players with at least 300 home runs and 300 stolen bases during his career . Dawson was a center fielder until knee problems - worsened by the artificial surface at Olympic Stadium - forced his shift to right field , followed by his move to a team which played on grass . He led the NL in outfield putouts three consecutive years ( 1981-1983 ) , and won eight Gold Glove Awards for fielding excellence . Dawson was known for his incredible work ethic and study of the game . He was often seen in the dugout with a clipboard in-hand documenting pitches and pitcher tendencies . This was long before such practices were common-place and such information was readily available . Upon his retirement , his NL totals of 409 home runs and 962 extra base hits both ranked tenth in league history ; he also ranked seventh in NL history in games as an outfielder ( 2,303 ) , and sixth in both outfield putouts ( 5,116 ) and total chances ( 5,366 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Montreal Expos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal_Expos', 'summary': "The Montreal Expos ( French : Les Expos de Montréal ) were a Canadian professional baseball team based in Montreal , Quebec . The Expos were the first Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise located outside the United States . They played in the National League ( NL ) East division from 1969 until 2004 . Following the 2004 season , the franchise relocated to Washington , D.C. , and became the Washington Nationals . Immediately after the minor league Triple-A Montreal Royals folded in 1960 , political leaders in Montreal sought an MLB franchise , and when the National League evaluated expansion candidates for the 1969 season , it awarded a team to Montreal . Named after the Expo 67 World 's Fair , the Expos originally played at Jarry Park Stadium before moving to Olympic Stadium in 1977 . The Expos failed to post a winning record in any of their first ten seasons . The team won its only division title in the strike-shortened 1981 season , but lost the 1981 National League Championship Series ( NLCS ) to the Los Angeles Dodgers . The team was sold in 1991 by its majority , founding owner , Charles Bronfman , to a consortium headed by Claude Brochu . Felipe Alou was promoted to the team 's field manager in 1992 , becoming MLB 's first Dominican-born manager . He led the team to four winning seasons , including 1994 , where the Expos had the best record in baseball before a players ' strike ended the season . Alou became the Expos leader in games managed ( 1,409 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Outfielder', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '357', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bob Horner ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Horner', 'summary': 'James Robert Horner ( born August 6 , 1957 ) is an American former professional baseball player who played the majority of his Major League Baseball career with the Atlanta Braves . He played mostly as a third baseman who later transitioned into a first baseman as he was hampered by injuries for most of his playing career . Horner also played for one season in the Nippon Professional Baseball League as a member of the Tokyo Yakult Swallows . His baseball career was cut short by collusion by team owners to drive down salaries by agreeing to not make offers to veteran stars like Horner .'}]}, {'value': 'Oakland Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oakland_Athletics', 'summary': "The Oakland Athletics , often referred to as the A 's , are an American professional baseball team based in Oakland , California . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) West division . The team plays its home games at the Oakland Coliseum . They have won nine World Series championships . One of the American League 's eight charter franchises , the team was founded in Philadelphia in 1901 as the Philadelphia Athletics . They won three World Series championships from 1910 to 1913 and back-to-back titles in 1929 and 1930 . The team 's owner and manager for its first 50 years was Connie Mack and Hall of Fame players included Chief Bender , Frank Home Run Baker , Jimmie Foxx , and Lefty Grove . The team left Philadelphia for Kansas City in 1955 and became the Kansas City Athletics before moving to Oakland in 1968 . They won three consecutive World Championships between 1972 and 1974 , led by players including Vida Blue , Catfish Hunter , Reggie Jackson , ace reliever Rollie Fingers , and colorful owner Charlie O. Finley . After being sold by Finley to Walter A. Haas Jr. , the team won three consecutive pennants and the 1989 World Series behind the Bash Brothers , Jose Canseco and Mark McGwire , as well as Hall of Famers Dennis Eckersley , Rickey Henderson and manager Tony La Russa . From 1901 to 2019 , the Athletics ' overall win-loss record is 9,028-9,452 ( .489 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Shortstop', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '384', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dave Stewart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dave_Stewart_(baseball)', 'summary': "David Keith Stewart ( born February 19 , 1957 ) , nicknamed Smoke , is an American professional baseball executive , pitching coach , sports agent , and retired starting pitcher . The Los Angeles Dodgers ' 16th-round selection in the 1975 MLB draft , Stewart 's MLB playing career spanned from 1978 through 1995 , winning three World Series championships while compiling a career 3.95 earned run average ( ERA ) and a 168-129 won-lost record , including winning 20 games in four consecutive seasons . He pitched for the Dodgers , Texas Rangers , Philadelphia Phillies , Oakland Athletics , and Toronto Blue Jays . Stewart was an MLB All-Star and was known for his postseason performance - winning one World Series Most Valuable Player Award and two League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Awards - and for staring down batters when pitching to them . After his playing career , he served as a pitching coach for the San Diego Padres , Milwaukee Brewers , and Blue Jays and as an assistant GM . General managers he has worked under include : Sandy Alderson , Kevin Towers , Gord Ash , and Dean Taylor . He later became a sports agent based in San Diego until the Arizona Diamondbacks hired him as general manager at the end of the 2014 season . He was fired as the Diamondbacks ' GM in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Los Angeles Dodgers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers', 'summary': 'The Los Angeles Dodgers are an American professional baseball team based in Los Angeles , California . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) West division . Established in 1883 in Brooklyn , New York , the team moved to Los Angeles before the 1958 season . They played for four seasons at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum before moving to their current home of Dodger Stadium in 1962 . The Dodgers have won six World Series championships and twenty three National League pennants . Eleven NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers , winning a total of thirteen MVP Awards ; eight Cy Young Award winners have also pitched for the Dodgers , winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards . The team has eighteen Rookie of the Year Award winners , more than twice as many as the second place New York Yankees 8 . The Dodgers have had four consecutive Rookies of the Year from 1979 to 1982 and five in a row from 1992 to 1996 .'}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '473', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glenn Hubbard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glenn_Hubbard_(baseball)', 'summary': 'Glenn Dee Hubbard ( born September 25 , 1957 ) is a former first base coach for the Atlanta Braves and second baseman in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) who played from 1978 to 1989 . Hubbard played his first ten seasons with the Atlanta Braves and his last two with the Oakland Athletics .'}]}, {'value': 'Atlanta Braves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_Braves', 'summary': "The Atlanta Braves are an American professional baseball team based in the Atlanta metropolitan area . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) East division . The team played its home games at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium from 1966 to 1996 , and at Turner Field from 1997 to 2016 . Since 2017 , their home stadium has been Truist Park ( formerly SunTrust Park ) , located 10 miles ( 16 km ) northwest of downtown Atlanta in Cobb County , Georgia . The Braves play spring training games at CoolToday Park in North Port , Florida . The name Braves , which was first used in 1912 , originates from a term for a Native American warrior . They are nicknamed the Bravos , and often referred to as America 's Team in reference to the team 's games being broadcast on the nationally available TBS from the 1970s until 2007 , giving the team a nationwide fan base . From 1991 to 2005 , the Braves were one of the most successful teams in baseball , winning division titles an unprecedented 14 consecutive times ( omitting the strike-shortened 1994 season in which there were no official division champions ) , and producing one of the greatest pitching rotations in the history of baseball . Most notably , this rotation consisted of pitchers Greg Maddux , John Smoltz , and Tom Glavine . Pitcher Steve Avery also was a significant contributor to the rotation during the period of 1991-1993 . The Braves won the National League West division from 1991 to 1993 , and after divisional realignment , the National League East division from 1995 to 2005 . They returned to the playoffs as the National League Wild Card in 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Second Baseman', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': '484', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Tudor ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Tudor_(baseball)', 'summary': 'John Thomas Tudor ( born February 2 , 1954 ) is a former left-handed starting pitcher in Major League Baseball .'}]}, {'value': 'New York Mets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Mets', 'summary': "The New York Mets are a Major League Baseball team based in the New York City borough of Queens . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) East division . They are one of two MLB teams based in New York City , the other being the New York Yankees of the American League ( AL ) . One of baseball 's first expansion teams , the Mets were founded in 1962 to replace New York 's departed NL teams , the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants . The team 's colors combine the Dodgers ' blue and the Giants ' orange . For the 1962 and 1963 seasons , the Mets played home games at the Polo Grounds . From 1964 to 2008 , their home ballpark was Shea Stadium . In 2009 , they moved into their current ballpark , Citi Field . In their inaugural season , the Mets posted a record of 40-120 , the worst regular season record since MLB went to a 162-game schedule . The team never finished better than second-to-last until the Miracle Mets beat the Baltimore Orioles in the 1969 World Series , one of the biggest upsets in World Series history . Since then , they have played in four World Series , including a dramatic run in 1973 that ended in a seven-game loss to the Oakland Athletics , a second championship in 1986 over the Boston Red Sox , a Subway Series loss against their cross-town rivals the New York Yankees in 2000 , and a five-game loss to the Kansas City Royals in 2015 . The Mets qualified to play in the MLB postseason in 1988 and 2006 , coming within one game of the World Series both years ."}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Other notable selections', 'section_text': '= All-Star = Baseball Hall of Famer [ 3 ]', 'uid': '1975_Major_League_Baseball_Draft_0', 'intro': 'The following are the first round picks in the 1975 Major League Baseball draft. Many baseball draft experts consider the 1975 draft to be the weakest in MLB history.'}	null	null	What station did the player picked 156 in the 1975 Major League Baseball draft become an analyst on ?	WGN
09e00cf4f79ec974	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Bandy_Super_League', 'title': 'Russian Bandy Super League', 'header': ['Team', 'Location', 'Stadium', 'Capacity'], 'data': [{'value': 'Baykal-Energiya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baykal-Energiya_Irkutsk', 'summary': 'Baykal-Energiya ( Russian : Байкал-Энергия ) is a bandy club from Irkutsk , Russia . The team plays in the Russian Bandy Super League , the highest level of Russian bandy . It was founded in 1923 changing its name several times before becoming Lokomotiv Irkutsk in 1947 . Lokomotiv played in the top division of the Soviet bandy championship since 1960 . Since 1992 it changed its sponsorship and was renamed as Sibskana Irkutsk . In 2002 the club changed its name once again to Sibskana-Energiya Irkutsk and finally got its current name in 2004 . In the last game of the regular 2016-17 Russian Bandy Super League season Baykal-Energiya played against Vodnik Arkhangelsk . The loss apparently would make Vodnik facing a weaker team in the playoffs , therefore the team started to score own goals . Baykal-Energiya joined , apparently for fun . Vodnik won 11-9 , with all goals scored in the game being own goals . The two teams are facing sanctions from the Russian Bandy Federation .'}]}, {'value': 'Irkutsk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irkutsk', 'summary': 'Irkutsk ( /ɪərˈkutsk/ eer-KOOTSK ; Russian : Иркутск , IPA : [ ɪrˈkutsk ] ; Buryat and Mongolian : Эрхүү , Erhüü ) is the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast , Russia , and one of the largest cities in Siberia . Many distinguished Russians were sent into exile in Irkutsk for their part in the Decembrist revolt of 1825 , and the city became an exile-post for the rest of the century . Some of the fine wooden houses still survive , contrasting with the dominant Soviet architecture . When the railway reached Irkutsk , it had earned the nickname of The Paris of Siberia . The city saw bitter fighting in the Russian Civil War of 1918-20 , and then became a major centre of aircraft manufacture . Trans-Siberian Highway ( Federal M53 and M55 Highways ) and Trans-Siberian Railway connect Irkutsk to other regions in Russia and Mongolia .'}]}, {'value': 'Rekord Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rekord_Stadium', 'summary': 'Rekord Stadium is a sports venue in Irkutsk . It is the home of Baykal-Energiya .'}]}, {'value': '5,300', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dynamo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dynamo_Moscow_Bandy_Club', 'summary': 'Dynamo Moscow Bandy Club ( Russian : Динамо клуб по хоккею с мячом , Москва ) is a Russian Bandy club from Moscow which was founded in 1923 . The bandy team plays in the new Ice Palace Krylatskoye in the outskirts of Moscow . Krylatskoye is a high-tech closed indoor bandy and speed skating arena with world-class facilities . It has hosted both Bandy World Championships and World Speed Skating Championships . The club was a powerhouse of Russian bandy for decades . Eventually it declined and even was relegated to the second highest division . After it qualified for the highest division again at the end of the 2004-05 season , almost all players of the for a decade dominant Vodnik signed up for Dynamo Moscow , resulting in an immediate Russian League title in 2006 . Dynamo Moscow won the World Cup for the first time in 2006 , defeating Zorky in the final . The 2006 domestic title was followed by another four consecutive Russian championship titles and as one of the dominating teams in the following years too , until 2017 , when they missed the championship play-off , only coming in at eighth place in the regular season league .'}]}, {'value': 'Moscow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moscow', 'summary': "Moscow ( /ˈmɒskoʊ/ , in US mainly : /ˈmɒskaʊ/ ; Russian : Москва , tr . Moskva , IPA : [ mɐˈskva ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia , with approximately 12.6 million residents within the city limits , 17 million within the urban area and 20 million within the metropolitan area . Moscow is one of Russia 's federal cities . Moscow is a major political , economic , cultural , and scientific centre of Russia and Eastern Europe . It is the second-most populous city in Europe , the most populous city entirely within Europe , as well as the largest city ( by area ) on the European continent . By broader definitions , Moscow is among the world 's largest cities , being the 24th largest metropolitan area , the 16th largest urban area , and the 10th largest by population within city limits worldwide . Moscow has been ranked as the ninth most expensive city in the world and has one of the world 's largest urban economies , being ranked as an alpha global city , and is also one of the fastest growing tourist destinations in the world . Moscow is home to the third-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world , and has the highest number of billionaires of any city in Europe . Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity on the Earth . It is home to the Ostankino Tower , the tallest free standing structure in Europe ; the Federation Tower , the second-tallest skyscraper in Europe ; and the Moscow International Business Center . Moscow is the largest city on the European continent by area . Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia , it is well known for its architecture , particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil 's Cathedral in Russian architectural style with a richly decorated and multicolored facade ."}]}, {'value': 'Ice Palace Krylatskoye', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ice_Palace_Krylatskoye', 'summary': 'Krylatskoye Ice Palace ( Russian : Ледовый дворец « Крылатское » ) is an indoor ice arena for speed skating and bandy located in Krylatskoye District , Moscow , Russia . It is the home of Dynamo Moscow bandy club .'}]}, {'value': '8,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dynamo-Kazan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dynamo_Kazan_Bandy_Club', 'summary': "Dynamo-Kazan ( Russian : Дина́мо-Каза́нь ; formerly Raketa ( Russian : Ракета ) 1958-2008 ) is a professional bandy club from Kazan , Russia , established in 1958 and playing in the Russian Bandy League since 1996 . The club plays at Raketa Stadium , an outdoor arena with artificial ice of 5,000 spectators ' capacity in the outskirts of Kazan . In the 2010-11 season the club won the Bandy League for the first time , and thus became Russian bandy champions ."}]}, {'value': 'Kazan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kazan', 'summary': "Kazan ( /kəˈzæn , -ˈzɑːn/ ; Russian : Каза́нь , IPA : [ kɐˈzanʲ ] ; Tatar : Казан ) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan , Russia . With a population of 1,243,500 , it is the sixth most populous city in Russia . Kazan lies at the confluence of the Volga and Kazanka Rivers in European Russia , about 715 kilometres ( 444 mi ) east from Moscow . In the Late Middle Ages , Kazan was an important trade and political center within the Golden Horde . In 1438 , the city became the capital of the Khanate of Kazan . In 1552 , Kazan was captured by Ivan the Terrible and became part of Russia . The city was largely destroyed during Pugachev 's Rebellion , but was later rebuilt during the reign of Catherine the Great . In the following centuries , Kazan grew to become a major industrial , cultural and religious center in Russia . Kazan is renowned for its vibrant mix of Oriental and Russian cultures . In 2015 , 2.1 million tourists visited Kazan , and 1.5 million tourists visited the Kazan Kremlin , a World Heritage Site . In April 2009 , the Russian Patent Office granted Kazan the right to brand itself as the Third Capital of Russia . In 2009 it was chosen as the sports capital of Russia and it still is referred to as such ."}]}, {'value': 'Raketa Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raketa_Stadium', 'summary': 'Raketa Stadium is a sports venue in Kazan . It is the home of Dynamo Kazan .'}]}, {'value': '7,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuzbass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuzbass_Kemerovo_Bandy_Club', 'summary': 'KhK Kuzbass ( Russian : ХК Кузбасс ) is a professional bandy club from Kemerovo , Russia , established in 1948 . It plays in the Russian Bandy Super League , the top division of Russian bandy . The home games are played at Khimik Stadium in Kemerovo . While during the 2016-17 season , the indoor arena was their base , 2017-18 it will be Khimik again . The club colours are dark orange , white and black and the club logo also includes the arms of Kemerovo . It was founded in 1948 as Shakhtyor and played in the top division from 1955 . The club changed its name to Kuzbass in 1972 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kemerovo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kemerovo', 'summary': 'Kemerovo ( Russian : Ке́мерово , IPA : [ ˈkʲemʲɪrəvə ] ) is an industrial city and the administrative center of Kemerovo Oblast , Russia , located at the confluence of the Iskitim and Tom Rivers , in the major coal mining region of the Kuznetsk Basin . Its population was 532,981 in the 2010 Census ; 484,754 in the 2002 Census ; 520,263 in the 1989 Census . It was previously known as Shcheglovsk ( until March 27 , 1932 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Khimik Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khimik_Stadium_(Kemerovo)', 'summary': 'Khimik Stadion is a multi-use stadium in Kemerovo , Russia . It is currently used mostly for football and bandy matches . The stadium holds 32,000 people . It is the home ground for bandy club Kuzbass .'}]}, {'value': '32,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rodina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rodina_Kirov', 'summary': "Rodina ( Russian : Родина ) is a bandy club from Kirov , Russia whose team currently plays in the Russian Bandy Super League . It was founded in 1934 . The club colours are white and blue . The team was originally called Kutsho Factory Team and starting with 1941 Lepse Factory Team after the factory it belonged to . In 1957 it got its current named and was promoted to the elite of Soviet bandy starting with the next year . It was defunct for seven years in 1967-1974 and did n't return to the top division until the 1980-81 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Kirov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast', 'summary': 'Kirov ( Russian : Ки́ров , IPA : [ ˈkʲirəf ] ) is a city and the administrative center of Kirov Oblast , Russia , located on the Vyatka River . As of the 2010 Census , its population was 473,695 . It was previously known as Khlynov ( Хлы́нов , until 1780 ) , Vyatka ( Вя́тка , until 1934 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Rodina Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rodina_Stadium_(Kirov)', 'summary': 'Rodina Stadium is a sports venue in Kirov . It is the home of Rodina .'}]}, {'value': '7,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sibselmash', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sibselmash_Novosibirsk', 'summary': 'Sibselmash ( Russian : Сибсельмаш ) is a bandy club from Novosibirsk , Russia . The team plays in the top Russian bandy league , the Super League . It was founded in 1937 and subsequently reestablished in 1974 . The club colours are red and blue .'}]}, {'value': 'Novosibirsk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Novosibirsk', 'summary': 'Novosibirsk ( /ˌnoʊvəsɪˈbɪərsk , -voʊs-/ , also UK : /ˌnɒv-/ ; Russian : Новосиби́рск , IPA : [ nəvəsʲɪˈbʲirsk ] ( listen ) , li . : New Siberia ) is the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast in Russia . Located in the southwestern part of Siberia on the banks of the Ob River , it is the third-most populous city in Russia ( after Moscow and St. Petersburg ) as well as the most populous city in Asian Russia , with a population of 1,612,833 as of the 2018 census . Novosibirsk was founded in 1893 on the Ob River crossing point of the future Trans-Siberian Railway . Originally named Novonikolayevsk , it grew rapidly into a major transport , commercial and industrial hub . The city was ravaged by the Russian Civil War but recovered during the early Soviet period , and gained its present name in 1926 . Under Stalin , Novosibirsk became one of the largest industrial centers of Siberia . Following the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War the city hosted many factories relocated from European Russia . Novosibirsk is home to the headquarters of numerous Russian corporations , as well as the world-renowned Novosibirsk Zoo . It is served by Tolmachevo Airport , the busiest airport in Siberia .'}]}, {'value': 'Sibselmash Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sibselmash_Stadium', 'summary': 'Sibselmash Stadium is a sports venue in Novosibirsk . It is the home of Sibselmash .'}]}, {'value': '8,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SKA-Neftyanik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SKA-Neftyanik_Khabarovsk', 'summary': 'SKA-Neftyanik ( Russian : СКА-Нефтяник ) is a professional bandy club from Khabarovsk , Russia , established in 1947 . It plays in the Russian Bandy Super League , the top division of Russian bandy . The club colours are yellow , red and black .'}]}, {'value': 'Khabarovsk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khabarovsk', 'summary': 'Khabarovsk ( Russian : Хаба́ровск , tr . Khabarovsk , IPA : [ xɐˈbarəfsk ] ( listen ) ) is the largest city and the administrative center of Khabarovsk Krai , Russia , located 30 kilometers ( 19 mi ) from the Chinese border , at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers , about 800 kilometers ( 500 mi ) north of Vladivostok . The city was the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia from 2002 until December 2018 , when Vladivostok took over that role . It is the largest city in the Russian Far East , having overtaken Vladivostok in 2015 . As of the 2010 Census , its population was 577,441 . It was previously known as Khabarovka ( until 1893 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Arena Yerofey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arena_Yerofey', 'summary': "Arena Yerofey ( Russian : Арена « Ерофей » ) is a bandy arena in Khabarovsk , Russia , hosting the 2015 Bandy World Championship . The 2018 Bandy World Championship was also hosted there , but only Division A that time around . The arena was built in 2013 , is 46,000 m2 and can seat 10,000 spectators . It is named after Yerofey Khabarov , the city 's eponym . The arena is the home ice for bandy club SKA-Neftyanik , which plays in the Super League and is its current champion ( as of 2019 ) ."}]}, {'value': '10,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Start', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Start_Nizhny_Novgorod', 'summary': 'Start ( Russian : Старт ) is a professional bandy club from Nizhny Novgorod , Russia , established in 1932 . It plays in the Russian Bandy Super League , the top division of Russian bandy . Start was founded in 1932 as a team called Novoye Sormovo . The name was changed to Zenit ( Zenith ) in 1936 , Trud ( Labor ) in 1959 and ultimately Start Gorky in 1960 . When the city of Gorky changed its names to Nizhny Novgorod in 1990 , the club changed names accordingly . It played in the elite division of the Soviet bandy championship in 1967-1969 , the 1973-74 season and permanently since the 1975-76 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Nizhny Novgorod', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod', 'summary': 'Nizhny Novgorod ( /ˌnɪʒni ˈnɒvɡərɒd/ NIZH-nee NOV-gə-rod ; Russian : Нижний Новгород , IPA : [ ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət ] ) , colloquially shortened to Nizhny , is a city in Russia and the administrative center ( capital ) of Volga Federal District and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast . From 1932 to 1990 , it was known as Gorky ( Горький , IPA : [ ˈɡorʲkʲɪj ] ) , after the writer Maxim Gorky , who was born there . The city is an important economic , transportation , scientific , educational and cultural center in Russia and the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region , and is the main center of river tourism in Russia . In the historic part of the city there are many universities , theaters , museums and churches . Nizhny Novgorod is located about 400 km ( 250 mi ) east of Moscow , where the Oka River empties into the Volga . Population : 1,250,619 ( 2010 Census ) ; 1,311,252 ( 2002 Census ) ; 1,438,133 ( 1989 Census ) . The city was founded in 4 February 1221 by Prince Yuri II of Vladimir . In 1612 Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky organized an army for the liberation of Moscow from the Poles . In 1817 Nizhny Novgorod became a great trade center of the Russian Empire . In 1896 at a fair , an All-Russia Exhibition was organized . During the Soviet period , the city turned into an important industrial center . In particular , the Gorky Automobile Plant was constructed in this period .'}]}, {'value': 'Start Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Start_Stadium_(Nizhny_Novgorod)', 'summary': 'Start Stadium is a sports venue in Nizhny Novgorod . It is the home of Start .'}]}, {'value': '6,200', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stroitel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stroitel_Syktyvkar', 'summary': 'Stroitel ( Russian : Строи́тель ) is a Russian bandy club from Syktyvkar that was founded in 1947 . At the final tournament of the 2016-17 season , with two Super League tickets held in Syktyvkar , Stroitel won and was thus eligible for promotion . After discussions whether or not to accept , the answer was a yes and the team will play Super League bandy again in the season of 2017-18 after several years in the second tier Supreme League . Its home venue is Respublikansky Stadion . In the 2016/17 season , the club adopted a new logotype ( shown to the right in this article ) instead of an old one which had a white bear playing bandy .'}]}, {'value': 'Syktyvkar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Syktyvkar', 'summary': 'Syktyvkar ( /sɪktɪfˈkɑːr/ , Russian : Сыктывка́р , IPA : [ sɨktɨfˈkar ] ; Komi : Сыктывкар ) is the capital city of the Komi Republic , Russia . Population : 235,006 ( 2010 Census ) ; 230,011 ( 2002 Census ) ; 232,117 ( 1989 Census ) . It was previously known as Ust-Sysolsk ( until 1930 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Respublikansky Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Respublikansky_Stadion', 'summary': 'Respublikansky Stadion is a sports arena in Syktyvkar , Russia , which is used as the home ground for bandy club Stroitel , which plays in the Super League , first-tier of Russian professional bandy . The arena was inaugurated in 1971 and has a capacity of 15,000 spectators .'}]}, {'value': '15,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zorky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zorky_Krasnogorsk', 'summary': "Zorky ( Russian : Зоркий ) is a bandy club based in Krasnogorsk , Moscow Oblast , Russia . Its team currently plays in the Russian Bandy Super League , the top tier of the Russian bandy championship . The club was founded in 1954 . Zorky have had some recent successes and reached the finals of the Bandy World Cup , Russian Cup and Champions Cup in the 2006-07 season only to lose to Dynamo Moscow in all three matches . In 2009 they reached the World Cup final again , this time losing to Hammarby . In 2012 , they won the World Cup . The team was the best team of the regular season of the Russian Bandy Super League 2012-13 but lost the final against Dynamo Moscow for the national championship . For the 2016-17 season , the team almost got bankrupt and was relegated to the Russian Bandy Supreme League . For the 2017-18 season , it returned to the Super League . The club also has a women 's team . This won the national championship for women in 2012 and in 2015 . Zorky 's home shirts are yellow ."}]}, {'value': 'Krasnogorsk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast', 'summary': 'Krasnogorsk ( Russian : Красного́рск , Russian pronunciation : [ krəsnɐˈgorsk ] ) is a city and the administrative center of Krasnogorsky District in Moscow Oblast , Russia , located on the Moskva River , adjacent to the northwestern boundary of Moscow . Population : 116,896 ( 2010 Census ) ; 92,545 ( 2002 Census ) ; 90,477 ( 1989 Census ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Zorky Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zorky_Stadium', 'summary': 'Zorky Stadium is a sports venue in Krasnogorsk , Moscow Oblast , Russia . It is the home of Zorky .'}]}, {'value': '8,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uralsky Trubnik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uralsky_Trubnik_Bandy_Club', 'summary': 'Uralsky Trubnik ( Russian : Уральский трубник ) is a bandy club from Pervouralsk that plays in the Russian Bandy Super League . After the indoor stadium Volga-Sport-Arena in Ulyanovsk was finished , Uralsky Trubnik was for a few years the only club in the highest division without artificial ice . That is until Murman got promoted for the 2018-19 season . However , a decision to build an indoor bandy stadium has been taken . In 2017 the team won the pre-season tournament ExTeCupen . In 2019 the club for the first time in its history took a medal in the domestic league with a third place .'}]}, {'value': 'Pervouralsk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pervouralsk', 'summary': "Pervouralsk ( Russian : Первоура́льск , lit . the first in the Urals ) is a city in Sverdlovsk Oblast , Russia , located on the Chusovaya River ( Kama 's tributary ) 39 kilometers ( 24 mi ) west of Yekaterinburg , the administrative center of the oblast . Population : 124,528 ( 2010 Census ) ; 132,277 ( 2002 Census ) ; 142,193 ( 1989 Census ) ; 122,000 ( 1974 ) ; 90,000 ( 1959 ) ; 44,000 ( 1939 ) . It was previously known as Vasilyevsko-Shaytansky ( until 1920 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Uralskiy Trubnik Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uralskiy_Trubnik_Stadium', 'summary': 'Uralsky Trubnik Stadium is a sports venue in Pervouralsk , the only one in the Russian Bandy Super League without artificial ice . It is the home of SKA-Sverdlovsk and Uralsky Trubnik .'}]}, {'value': '6,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vodnik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vodnik_Arkhangelsk', 'summary': 'Vodnik ( Russian : Водник ) is a bandy club from Arkhangelsk in Russia . Vodnik was founded in 1925 and in the mid-1990s it became a major team in both Russian and international bandy . During the existence of the Soviet Union the club was a part of the Voluntary Sports Societies of the USSR Vodnik . Vodnik became Russian champions in 1996 to begin a run of nine national championships in ten seasons , missing out only in season 2000-01 when Yenisey won after scoring the winning goal against them in the last minute . In the Bandy World Cup , Vodnik was the runner-up in 2002 after Swedish Sandvikens AIK , but won the tournament in 2003 and 2004 . The team also won the European Cup in 2002 , 2003 and 2004 . For the 2005-06 season almost all players left for Dynamo Moscow , when that club had qualified for the highest division again after a few seasons in the second tier . In the last game of the regular 2016-17 Russian Bandy Super League season Vodnik played against Baykal-Energiya . The loss apparently would make Vodnik facing a weaker team in the playoffs , therefore the team started to score own goals . Baykal-Energiya joined , apparently for fun . Vodnik won 11-9 , with all goals scored in the game being own goals . The two teams are facing sanctions from the Russian Bandy Federation .'}]}, {'value': 'Arkhangelsk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkhangelsk', 'summary': "Arkhangelsk ( UK : /ˌɑːrkæŋˈɡɛlsk , ɑːrˈkæŋɡɛlsk/ , US : /ɑːrˈkɑːnɡɛlsk/ ; Russian : Арха́нгельск , IPA : [ ɐrˈxanɡʲɪlʲsk ] ) , also known in English as Archangel and Archangelsk , is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast , in the north of European Russia . It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea . The city spreads for over 40 kilometers ( 25 mi ) along the banks of the river and numerous islands of its delta . Arkhangelsk was the chief seaport of medieval and early modern Russia until 1703 ( when it was replaced by Saint Petersburg ) . A 1,133-kilometer-long ( 704 mi ) railway runs from Arkhangelsk to Moscow via Vologda and Yaroslavl , and air travel is served by the Talagi Airport and a smaller Vaskovo Airport . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population was 348,783 , down from 356,051 recorded in the 2002 Census , and further down from 415,921 recorded in the 1989 Census ."}]}, {'value': 'Trud Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trud_Stadium_(Arkhangelsk)', 'summary': 'Trud Stadium is a sports venue in Arkhangelsk . It is the home arena of bandy club Vodnik and has hosted the Bandy World Championship twice .'}]}, {'value': '10,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Volga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Volga_Ulyanovsk_Bandy_Club', 'summary': 'Volga ( Russian : Волга ) is a bandy club from Ulyanovsk , Russia . Volga currently plays in the Russian Bandy Super League , the highest division of Russian bandy . The team was founded in 1934 and has played in the top division of Soviet and Russian bandy championships since 1959 . In 2014 they got the indoor Volga-Sport-Arena . This arena hosted all but two games at the 2016 World Championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Ulyanovsk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ulyanovsk', 'summary': 'Ulyanovsk [ a ] is a city and the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast , Russia , located on the Volga River 705 kilometers ( 438 mi ) east of Moscow . Population : 613,786 ( 2010 Census ) ; 635,947 ( 2002 Census ) ; 625,155 ( 1989 Census ) . The city , founded as Simbirsk ( Симби́рск ) , is the birthplace of Alexander Kerensky and Vladimir Lenin ( born Ulyanov ) , for whom it was renamed in 1924 . It is also famous for its writers such as Ivan Goncharov , Nikolay Yazykov and Nikolay Karamzin and painters ( Arkady Plastov and Nikas Safronov ) . Ulyanovsk - UNESCO City of Literature since 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Volga-Sport-Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Volga-Sport-Arena', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': '5,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yenisey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yenisey_Krasnoyarsk_Bandy_Club', 'summary': 'Yenisey ( Russian : Енисе́й ) is a bandy club from Krasnoyarsk , Russia . Yenisey has historically been a very successful club , having won the national championship fifteen times , last in 2016 , and the Bandy World Cup in 1982 , 1984 , 2011 and 2015 and been runners-up in 1983 , 1985 and 2000 . After the 2011-12 season , Sergey Lomanov Jr was elected the best player of the national championship . In 2017 , former Mayor of Krasnoyarsk , Pyotr Pimashkov , became the new club President . During the period when Yenisey Stadium was being rebuilt to become an indoor arena , Lokomotiv Stadium was the temporary home arena . In December 2018 the new indoor arena was opened .'}]}, {'value': 'Krasnoyarsk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Krasnoyarsk', 'summary': "Krasnoyarsk ( /ˌkræsnəˈjɑːrsk , ˌkrɑːs-/ KRA ( H ) SS-nə-YARSK ; Russian : Красноя́рск , tr . Krasnojársk , IPA : [ krəsnɐˈjarsk ] ( listen ) ) is a city and the administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai , Russia , located on the Yenisei River . It is the third-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk and Omsk , with a population of 1,035,528 as of the 2010 Census . Krasnoyarsk is an important junction of the Trans-Siberian Railway and one of Russia 's largest producers of aluminium . The city is known for its nature landscapes ; author Anton Chekhov judged Krasnoyarsk to be the most beautiful city in Siberia ."}]}, {'value': 'Yenisey Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yenisey_Stadium', 'summary': 'Yenisey Stadium is a demolished outdoor sports venue in Krasnoyarsk , which in December 2018 was reopened as an indoor arena . It is the home of Yenisey . At the 2019 Winter Universiade the new indoor stadium hosted bandy matches .'}]}, {'value': '10,000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Current teams', 'section_text': 'The teams playing in the Super League for the 2017–18 season are the following .', 'uid': 'Russian_Bandy_Super_League_0', 'intro': 'The Russian Bandy Super League (Russian: Чемпионат России по хоккею с мячом - Суперлига), is a professional bandy league in Russia, the top division of Russian bandy. There is no definite rule which teams will be relegated or promoted. Besides results on the ice, financial resources and infrastructure also play a part in the decisions. For example, the 2016-17 Russian Bandy Super League contained twelve teams. The 2017-18 season will have fourteen. Stroitel won the Supreme League final tournament in 2017 and got promoted, while Zorky finished third in its group and did not even qualify for the final tournament. Still Zorky also got promoted. The Russian Bandy League was established in 1992 and has been reorganized as the Bandy Super League since the 2011-12 season. The regular league is followed by a play-off, where the final decides which team will become the Russian bandy champion.'}	null	null	Which of the bandy clubs established in 1923 has changed its name multiple times ?	Baykal-Energiya
09e06721e361b9e6	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Station', 'title': 'North Station', 'header': ['Name', 'Final B & M station at peak level', 'Partner railroad in continuing joint train service', 'Final destination', 'Year discontinued'], 'data': [{'value': 'The Minute Man', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Troy , New York via Fitchburg , Massachusetts and Greenfield , Massachusetts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Union_Station_(Troy,_New_York)', 'summary': 'Union Station was the main passenger railroad station of Troy , New York until it went out of service in 1958 . A Beaux-Arts building , designed by Reed & Stem and completed ca . 1903 , it served the New York Central Railroad ( NYC ) , the Boston and Maine Railroad ( B & M ) and the Delaware and Hudson Railroad ( D & H ) . This was the fourth union station in Troy . The tracks approaching the station were but feet away from homes .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fitchburg,_Massachusetts', 'summary': 'Fitchburg is a city in northern Worcester County , Massachusetts , United States . The third-largest city in the county , its population was 40,318 at the 2010 census . Fitchburg is home to Fitchburg State University as well as 17 public and private elementary and high schools .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Greenfield,_Massachusetts', 'summary': 'Greenfield is a city in Franklin County , Massachusetts , United States . Greenfield was first settled in 1686 . The population was 17,456 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Franklin County . Greenfield is home to Greenfield Community College , the Pioneer Valley Symphony Orchestra , and the Franklin County Fair . The city has a Main Street Historic District containing fine examples of Federal , Greek Revival , and Victorian architecture . Greenfield is part of the Springfield , Massachusetts , Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'New York Central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Central', 'summary': "The New York Central Railroad ( reporting mark NYC ) was a railroad primarily operating in the Great Lakes and Mid Atlantic regions of the United States . The railroad primarily connected greater New York and Boston in the east with Chicago and St. Louis in the Midwest along with the intermediate cities of Albany , Buffalo , Cleveland , Cincinnati , and Detroit . New York Central was headquartered in New York City 's New York Central Building , adjacent to its largest station , Grand Central Terminal . The railroad was established in 1853 , consolidating several existing railroad companies . In 1968 the NYC merged with its former rival , the Pennsylvania Railroad , to form Penn Central . Penn Central went bankrupt in 1970 and merged into Conrail in 1976 . Conrail was broken up in 1998 , and portions of its system were transferred to CSX and Norfolk Southern Railway , with CSX acquiring most of the old New York Central trackage . Extensive trackage existed in the states of New York , Pennsylvania , Ohio , Michigan , Indiana , Illinois , Massachusetts and West Virginia plus additional trackage in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec . At the end of 1925 , the NYC operated 11,584 miles ( 18,643 km ) of road and 26,395 miles ( 42,479 km ) of track ; at the end of 1967 the mileages were 9,696 miles ( 15,604 km ) and 18,454 miles ( 29,699 km ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Chicago , Illinois', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois', 'summary': "Chicago ( /ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ ( listen ) , locally also /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/ ) , officially the City of Chicago , is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois , and the third-most-populous city in the United States . With an estimated population of 2,705,994 ( 2018 ) , it is also the most populous city in the Midwestern United States . Chicago is the county seat of Cook County , the second-most-populous county in the US , with a small portion of the northwest side of the city extending into DuPage County near O'Hare Airport . Chicago is the principal city of the Chicago metropolitan area , often referred to as Chicagoland . At nearly 10 million people , the metropolitan area is the third most populous in the United States . Located on the shores of freshwater Lake Michigan , Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-19th century . After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , which destroyed several square miles and left more than 100,000 homeless , the city made a concerted effort to rebuild . The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades , and by 1900 , less than 30 years after the great fire , Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world . Chicago made noted contributions to urban planning and zoning standards , including new construction styles ( including the Chicago School of architecture ) , the development of the City Beautiful Movement , and the steel-framed skyscraper . Chicago is an international hub for finance , culture , commerce , industry , education , technology , telecommunications , and transportation . It is the site of the creation of the first standardized futures contracts , issued by the Chicago Board of Trade , which today is the largest and most diverse derivatives market in the world , generating 20% of all volume in commodities and financial futures alone . Depending on the particular year , the city 's O'Hare International Airport is routinely ranked as the world 's fifth or sixth busiest airport according to tracked data by the Airports Council International ."}]}, {'value': '1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Cheshire', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bellows Falls , Vermont via Fitchburg , Massachusetts and Keene , New Hampshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bellows_Falls,_Vermont', 'summary': 'Bellows Falls is an incorporated village located in the town of Rockingham in Windham County , Vermont , United States . The population was 3,148 at the 2010 census . Bellows Falls is home to the Green Mountain Railroad , a heritage railroad ; the annual Roots on the River Festival ; and the No Film Film Festival .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Keene,_New_Hampshire', 'summary': "Keene is the only city in and the seat of Cheshire County , New Hampshire , United States . The population was 23,409 at the 2010 census . Keene is home to Keene State College and Antioch University New England . It hosted the state 's annual pumpkin festival , then called the Keene Pumpkin Festival , from 1991 to 2014 , when the festival moved to Laconia . A new , annual , child-focused Keene Pumpkin Festival , organized by the state festival 's previous organizers , has taken its place in the city since 2017 ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1958', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Green Mountain Flyer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Green_Mountain_Flyer', 'summary': "The Green Mountain Flyer was an international day train between Montreal , Quebec , Canada and New York City , United States . It was operated in cooperation between the Rutland Railroad , the Canadian National Railway and the New York Central Railroad . The train carried the number 65 running north , and number 64 running south . The Mount Royal ( # 51 north , # 52 south ) was the night train counterpart to the Green Mountain Flyer . These were the main trains that actually served downtown Burlington , Vermont , at its Union Station . The trains ' route , running south , began on Canadian National Railway territory to the international border , then on a Rutland Railroad route , continuing south , split at Rutland , Vermont , with a secondary section running through Bellows Falls , Vermont and Fitchburg , Massachusetts to Boston , Massachusetts ' North Station . This latter branch was operated with the cooperation of the Boston & Maine Railroad . The main route continued from Rutland , to North Bennington , to Troy , New York , then along the Hudson Line , to Grand Central Terminal in New York City . Both the Green Mountain Flyer and the Mount Royal were terminated following labor disputes in 1953 . When these trains were discontinued this meant the end of direct train service into Burlington . The Vermont Agency of Transportation and Amtrak are working on track restoration to restore train service between Rutland and Burlington , as an extension of the Ethan Allen Express . Service is expected to begin on this restored route in 2021 or 2022 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bellows Falls , Vermont', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rutland Railway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rutland_Railway', 'summary': 'The Rutland Railroad ( reporting mark RUT ) was a railroad in the northeastern United States , located primarily in the state of Vermont but extending into the state of New York at both its northernmost and southernmost ends . After its closure in 1963 parts of the railroad were taken over by the State of Vermont and are now operated by the Vermont Railway .'}]}, {'value': 'Burlington , Vermont , Montreal , Quebec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont', 'summary': "Burlington is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Vermont and the seat of Chittenden County . It is located 45 miles ( 72 km ) south of the Canada-United States border and 94 miles ( 151 km ) south of Montreal . The population was 42,417 as of the 2010 census . It is the least populous municipality in the United States to be the most populous incorporated area in a state . A regional college town , Burlington is home to the University of Vermont ( UVM ) and Champlain College , a small private college . Vermont 's largest hospital , the UVM Medical Center , is located within the city limits . The City of Burlington also has Vermont 's largest airport , the Burlington International Airport , in neighboring South Burlington . In 2015 , Burlington became the first city in the U.S. to run entirely on renewable energy ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Montreal,_Quebec', 'summary': "Montreal ( /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/ ( listen ) MUN-tree-AWL ; officially Montréal , French : [ mɔ̃ʁeal ] ( listen ) ) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada . Originally founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie , or City of Mary , it is named after Mount Royal , the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city . The city is centred on the Island of Montreal , which got its name from the same origin as the city , and a few much smaller peripheral islands , the largest of which is Île Bizard . It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold , snowy winters . In 2016 , the city had a population of 1,704,694 , with a population of 1,942,247 in the urban agglomeration , including all of the other municipalities on the Island of Montreal . The broader metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,247 . French is the city 's official language and is the language spoken at home by 49.8% of the population of the city , followed by English at 22.8% and 18.3% other languages ( in the 2016 census , not including multi-language responses ) . In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area , 65.8% of the population speaks French at home , compared to 15.3% who speak English . The agglomeration Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada , with over 59% of the population able to speak both English and French . Montreal is the second largest primarily French-speaking city in the developed world , after Paris . It is situated 196 km ( 122 mi ) east of the national capital Ottawa , and 258 km ( 160 mi ) south-west of the provincial capital Quebec City . Historically the commercial capital of Canada , Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s ."}]}, {'value': '1953', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ambassador', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ambassador_(B&M_train)', 'summary': "The Ambassador was a passenger train that traveled from Boston , Massachusetts and New York City , New York to Montreal , Quebec . The train was jointly operated by the New York , New Haven and Hartford Railroad , Boston and Maine Railroad , the Central Vermont Railroad , and the Canadian National Railway . :112 Beginning service on April 26 , 1926 , the Ambassador operated on a daytime schedule between Boston and Montreal , with coach , dining , and parlor cars in the consist . :112 There were also through cars to New York City offered until the mid-1950s , split from the Ambassador 's consist in White River Junction , Vermont and added to the Connecticut Yankee train for points south . :112 In its route from Boston it passed through Manchester , Concord and Franklin in New Hampshire , and White River Junction and Essex Falls in Vermont . In 1956 , with traffic declining , through service to Boston from Montreal was terminated , replaced with a transfer to Boston and Maine rail diesel cars at White River Junction , and the Ambassador name was applied to the Montreal - New York City train , which by 1958 lost food service and consisted only of coaches . :114 On September 3 , 1966 , the Ambassador was discontinued after its operators sought and received approval from the Interstate Commerce Commission to terminate service . :151"}]}, {'value': 'White River Junction , Vermont via Lowell , Massachusetts and Concord , New Hampshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/White_River_Junction_(Amtrak_station)', 'summary': "White River Junction is a passenger train station in White River Junction , Vermont , served by Amtrak 's Vermonter . It is also used by the Green Mountain Railroad for passenger excursion trains to Thetford and the Montshire Museum of Science in Norwich , Vermont . Originally , it was built in 1937 as a union station that served the Boston and Maine Railroad , Central Vermont Railway , and Rutland Railroad . On display adjacent to the station is a sheltered display of Boston and Maine Railroad # 494 , a historic steam locomotive . The station 's historic building is a contributing property in the White River Junction Historic District , which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Dartmouth College is five miles to the north in Hanover , New Hampshire . In earlier decades more trains stopped in the station . The Boston & Maine 's Ambassador Boston - Montreal train stopped there , as did the Connecticut Yankee in its years as an longer distance international train from New York City to Quebec City ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts', 'summary': "Lowell is a city in the U.S. Commonwealth of Massachusetts . Located in Middlesex County , Lowell ( along with Cambridge ) was a county seat until Massachusetts disbanded county government in 1999 . With an estimated population of 111,640 in 2018 , it was the fourth-largest city in Massachusetts as of the last census and is estimated to be the fifth-largest as of 2018 , and the second-largest in the Boston metropolitan statistical area . The city is also part of a smaller Massachusetts statistical area called Greater Lowell , as well as New England 's Merrimack Valley region . Incorporated in 1826 to serve as a mill town , Lowell was named after Francis Cabot Lowell , a local figure in the Industrial Revolution . The city became known as the cradle of the American Industrial Revolution , due to a large series of textile mills and factories . Many of the Lowell 's historic manufacturing sites were later preserved by the National Park Service to create Lowell National Historical Park . During the Cambodian genocide , the city took in an influx of refugees , leading to a Cambodia Town and America 's second-largest Cambodian-American population . Lowell is home to two institutions of higher education ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire', 'summary': "Concord ( /ˈkɒŋkərd/ ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Hampshire and the county seat of Merrimack County . As of the 2010 census , its population was 42,695 , and in 2018 the population was an estimated 43,412 . Concord includes the villages of Penacook , East Concord , and West Concord . The city is home to the University of New Hampshire School of Law , New Hampshire 's only law school ; St. Paul 's School , a private preparatory school ; NHTI , a two-year community college ; the New Hampshire Police Academy ; and the New Hampshire Fire Academy . It is the resting place of Franklin Pierce , 14th President of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Central Vermont Railway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Central_Vermont_Railway', 'summary': 'The Central Vermont Railway ( reporting mark CV ) was a railroad that operated in the U.S. states of Connecticut , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont , as well as the Canadian province of Quebec . It connected Montreal , Quebec , with New London , Connecticut , using a route along the shores of Lake Champlain , through the Green Mountains and along the Connecticut River valley , as well as Montreal to Boston , Massachusetts , through a connection with the Boston and Maine Railroad at White River Junction , Vermont .'}]}, {'value': 'Essex Junction , Vermont , Montreal , Quebec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Essex_Junction,_Vermont', 'summary': "Essex Junction is a village located within the town of Essex in Chittenden County , Vermont , United States . The population was 9,271 at the 2010 census . It was incorporated on November 15 , 1892 . Amtrak , the national passenger rail system , provides daily service via its station in Essex Junction , the only rail station in the Burlington , Vermont metropolitan area and the state of Vermont 's busiest Amtrak station . The Vermonter train runs daily from the Franklin County seat of St. Albans to Union Station in Washington , D.C . It used to be called the Montrealer ; its terminus being at Central Station in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . The village of Essex Junction is one of three voting districts ( District 8-2 ) in the town of Essex , with Districts 8-1 and 8-3 together comprising the remainder of the town outside the village . The village and town each operate separate fire departments , libraries , parks departments , and municipal services , and contain separate school districts for grades K-8 . Both governments collectively operate a unified police department and the unified Essex High School . Essex Junction is home to GlobalFoundries ' Burlington Design Center and 200 mm wafer fabrication plant . GlobalFoundries is the largest private employer in the state of Vermont , with approximately 3,000 employees ."}]}, {'value': '1956', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alouette', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alouette_(train)', 'summary': "The Alouette was a passenger train jointly operated by the Boston and Maine Railroad and the Canadian Pacific Railway between Montreal , Quebec and Boston , Massachusetts . The Alouette began service on April 26 , 1926 , operating on a daytime schedule with coach and parlor car service . At Newport , Vermont passengers could transfer to Quebec Central Railway trains bound for Sherbrooke and Quebec City . For passengers on the night train counterpart , the Red Wing ( # 325/ # 302 ) , the train would join with the New York-Quebec City Connecticut Yankee to complete the trip to Quebec City . Until late 1954 , the train operated over Canadian Pacific trackage to Wells River , Vermont , where it entered the Boston and Maine for the remainder of the way to Boston via Plymouth , New Hampshire and Concord , New Hampshire on the division that the B & M had acquired with the purchase of the Concord and Montreal Railroad in 1895 . After the Boston and Maine abandoned its trackage north of Plymouth , the train was rerouted via White River Junction , Vermont . The train continued to travel via Wells River , St. Johnsbury and Newport , Vermont , before completing the trip to Vermont . In 1956 , the Alouette switched to using Budd Rail Diesel Cars , eliminating the buffet-parlor car . The train lost its name and its original number and became # 31 north and # 32 south . The overnight Red Wing was numbered # 29/ # 30 and retained its sleeping cars . The overnight Red Wing had its last run on October 24 , 1959 . From April 25 , 1965 the Boston & Mine pulled out of its cooperation , and the Alouette successor # 31/32 only operated on the Canadian Pacific Railway 's Montreal to Wells River , Vermont segment ."}]}, {'value': 'Wells River , Vermont via Lowell , Massachusetts and Concord , New Hampshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wells_River,_Vermont', 'summary': 'Wells River is a village in the town of Newbury in Orange County , Vermont , United States . The population was 325 at the 2000 census . The village center is located at the junction of U.S . Routes 5 and 302 . The village center ( the portion near the confluence of the Wells River and the Connecticut River ) was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 as Wells River Village Historic District . The district covers 84 contributing properties over an area of 390 acres ( 1.6 km2 ) . It includes examples of Classical Revival , Federal , and Late Victorian styles . The architectural character of the district represents the building traditions of nineteenth-century Vermont , showcasing a wide array of building styles .'}]}, {'value': 'Canadian Pacific Railway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway', 'summary': "The Canadian Pacific Railway ( CPR ) ( reporting marks CP , CPAA , MILW , SOO ) , also known formerly as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996 , and known as simply Canadian Pacific is a historic Canadian Class I railway incorporated in 1881 . The railway is owned by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited , which began operations as legal owner in a corporate restructuring in 2001 . Headquartered in Calgary , Alberta , it owns approximately 20,000 kilometres ( 12,500 mi ) of track all across Canada and into the United States , stretching from Montreal to Vancouver , and as far north as Edmonton . Its rail network also serves Minneapolis-St. Paul , Milwaukee , Detroit , Chicago , and New York City in the United States . The railway was first built between eastern Canada and British Columbia between 1881 and 1885 ( connecting with Ottawa Valley and Georgian Bay area lines built earlier ) , fulfilling a trusty extended to British Columbia when it entered Confederation in 1871 . It was Canada 's first transcontinental railway , but no longer reaches the Atlantic coast . Primarily a freight railway , the CPR was for decades the only practical means of long-distance passenger transport in most regions of Canada , and was instrumental in the settlement and development of Western Canada . The CPR became one of the largest and most powerful companies in Canada , a position it held as late as 1975 . Its primary passenger services were eliminated in 1986 , after being assumed by Via Rail Canada in 1978 . A beaver was chosen as the railway 's logo in honour of Sir Donald A Smith ( 1st . Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal ) who had risen from Factor to Governor of the Hudson 's Bay Company over a lengthy career in the beaver fur trade . Smith was a principal financier of the C.P.R ."}]}, {'value': 'Montreal , Quebec', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1965 ( only as unnamed train in final decade )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Connecticut Yankee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Connecticut_Yankee_(train)', 'summary': "The Connecticut Yankee was a long-distance train in western New England , that in its first two decades was an international night train , established in 1936 , that extended from New York City into southeastern Quebec , to Sherbrooke and Quebec City , a 549-mile ( 884 km ) trip . The pooled train covered railroad territories of the New York , New Haven and Hartford , Boston and Maine , Canadian Pacific Railway and the Quebec Central Railway . It was the last U.S.-Canadian train serving the Sherbrooke to eastern Vermont route . The train had some sharing of sleeping cars with the Boston & Maine 's overnight Red Wing ( the night train counterpart to the Alouette ) which went from Boston to Montreal . In Newport , Vermont , the train would pick up sleepers from the B & M train and continue to Sherbrooke and Quebec ."}]}, {'value': 'Travelling via Concord , New Hampshire , then connecting with main route from New York City at White River Junction , Vermont', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire', 'summary': "Concord ( /ˈkɒŋkərd/ ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Hampshire and the county seat of Merrimack County . As of the 2010 census , its population was 42,695 , and in 2018 the population was an estimated 43,412 . Concord includes the villages of Penacook , East Concord , and West Concord . The city is home to the University of New Hampshire School of Law , New Hampshire 's only law school ; St. Paul 's School , a private preparatory school ; NHTI , a two-year community college ; the New Hampshire Police Academy ; and the New Hampshire Fire Academy . It is the resting place of Franklin Pierce , 14th President of the United States ."}, {'url': '/wiki/White_River_Junction,_Vermont', 'summary': 'White River Junction is an unincorporated village and census-designated place ( CDP ) in the town of Hartford in Windsor County , Vermont , United States . The population was 2,286 at the 2010 census , making it the largest community within the town of Hartford . The village includes the White River Junction Historic District , a historic district that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and whose boundaries were increased in 2002 . The historic district reflects urban architecture of the area from the late 19th century and early 20th century . The district is bounded by the Central Vermont railroad tracks , Gates Street , and South Main Street . It includes at least 29 contributing and non-contributing buildings . Notable buildings include the Coolidge Hotel , the First National Bank building , a U.S. Post Office building , and the White River Junction Fire House , showing examples of Greek Revival , Colonial Revival , Richardsonian Romanesque , Italianate and Romanesque architecture .'}]}, {'value': 'Central Vermont Railway Quebec Central Railway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Central_Vermont_Railway', 'summary': 'The Central Vermont Railway ( reporting mark CV ) was a railroad that operated in the U.S. states of Connecticut , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont , as well as the Canadian province of Quebec . It connected Montreal , Quebec , with New London , Connecticut , using a route along the shores of Lake Champlain , through the Green Mountains and along the Connecticut River valley , as well as Montreal to Boston , Massachusetts , through a connection with the Boston and Maine Railroad at White River Junction , Vermont .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Quebec_Central_Railway', 'summary': "The Quebec Central Railway ( reporting mark QCR ) was a railway in the Canadian province of Quebec , that served the area of Quebec called the Eastern Townships , south of the St. Lawrence River . Its headquarters was in Sherbrooke . It was originally incorporated in 1869 as the Sherbrooke , Eastern Townships and Kennebec Railway , and changed its name to the Quebec Central Railway in 1875 . In 1894 , it built a line southward to Mégantic to connect to Canadian Pacific Railway 's east-west line , the International Railway of Maine . It would eventually own around 300 miles ( 483 km ) of track . In 1912 , the Canadian Pacific Railway leased the Quebec Central for 99 years but continued to operate as Quebec Central Railway , including passenger service to American cities . The Quebec Central in turn leased the Massawippi Valley Railway , a short line from Lennoxville to Newport , in 1926 ; this allowed passenger service from Québec City via Sherbrooke to the United States of America . The company operated passenger trains on several long and short routes . Its longest route travelled from Quebec City to Sherbrooke , to then to Newport , Vermont . There , passengers could transfer to Boston and Maine trains , Alouette or Red Wing bound for Boston , Massachusetts . Branch sections from the latter served passengers bound for Portland , Maine.The Boston & Maine and the New York , New Haven and Hartford Railroad operated the Connecticut Yankee from New York City 's Grand Central Terminal , up Connecticut River Valley , to Newport and along Quebec Central territory to Sherbrooke and Montreal . Passenger service ended in April 1967 , and freight service ended in November 1994 ."}]}, {'value': 'Quebec City , Quebec via Sherbrooke , Quebec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec_City,_Quebec', 'summary': "Quebec City ( /kwɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) or /kəˈbɛk/ ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ; French : Ville de Québec , Western Abnaki : Kephek ) , officially Québec , is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec . As of July 2016 the city has a population of 531,902 , and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 . It is the eleventh largest city and the seventh largest metropolitan area in Canada . The Algonquian people had originally named the area Kébec , an Algonquin [ note 1 ] word meaning where the river narrows , because the Saint Lawrence River narrows proximate to the promontory of Quebec and its Cape Diamant . Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608 , and adopted the Algonquin name . Quebec City is one of the oldest European cities in North America . The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec ( Vieux-Québec ) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico . This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the Historic District of Old Québec . The city 's landmarks include the Château Frontenac hotel that dominates the skyline and the Citadelle of Quebec , an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city and includes a secondary royal residence . The National Assembly of Quebec ( provincial legislature ) , the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec ( National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec ) , and the Musée de la civilisation ( Museum of Civilization ) are found within or near Vieux-Québec ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sherbrooke,_Quebec', 'summary': "Sherbrooke ( /ˈʃɜːrbrʊk/ ; French pronunciation : \u200b [ ʃɛʁbʁuk ] ; Quebec French pronunciation [ ʃɛʁbʁʊk ] ) is a city in southern Quebec , Canada . Sherbrooke is situated at the confluence of the Saint-François ( St. Francis ) and Magog rivers in the heart of the Estrie administrative region . Sherbrooke is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of Quebec , coextensive with the city of Sherbrooke . With 161,323 residents at the 2016 census , Sherbrooke was the sixth largest city in the province of Quebec and the thirtieth largest in Canada . The Sherbrooke Census Metropolitan Area had 212,105 inhabitants , making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Quebec and nineteenth largest in Canada . Originally known as Hyatt 's Mill , it was renamed after Sir John Coape Sherbrooke ( 1764-1840 ) , a British general who was Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia ( 1812-1816 ) , and Governor General of British North America ( 1816-1818 ) . Sherbrooke is the primary economic , political , cultural and institutional centre of Estrie , and was known as the Queen of the Eastern Townships at the beginning of the 20th century . There are eight institutions educating 40,000 students and employing 11,000 people , 3,700 of whom are professors , teachers and researchers . The direct economic impact of these institutions exceeds 1 billion dollars . The proportion of university students is 10.32 students per 100 inhabitants . In proportion to its population , Sherbrooke has the largest concentration of students in Quebec . Since the nineteenth century , Sherbrooke has been a manufacturing centre ."}]}, {'value': 'ca . 1953', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Flying Yankee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Flying_Yankee', 'summary': "The Flying Yankee was a diesel-electric streamliner built in 1935 for the Maine Central Railroad and the Boston and Maine Railroad by Budd Company and with mechanical and electrical equipment from Electro-Motive Corporation . It was also the name of a passenger train , the third streamliner train in North America after the Union Pacific Railroad 's M-10000 and the Chicago , Burlington and Quincy Railroad 's Pioneer Zephyr ; the Flying Yankee was , in fact , a virtual clone of the latter , except that it dispensed with the baggage/mail space to seat 142 in three articulated cars . It ceased passenger service in 1957 . The train is now stored in New Hampshire and owned by the state of New Hampshire , which plans to open it to public viewing at some time in the future ."}]}, {'value': 'Portland , Maine via Dover , New Hampshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portland,_Maine', 'summary': "Portland is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maine and the seat of Cumberland County . Portland 's population was 66,417 as of 2018 . The Greater Portland metropolitan area is home to over half a million people , more than one-third of Maine 's total population , making it the most populous metropolitan area in northern New England ( an area comprising the states of Maine , New Hampshire , and Vermont ) and the 106th-largest in the United States . Portland 's economy relies mostly on the service sector and tourism . The Old Port district is known for its 19th-century architecture and nightlife . Marine industry still plays an important role in the city 's economy , with an active waterfront that supports fishing and commercial shipping . The Port of Portland is the largest tonnage seaport in New England . The city seal depicts a phoenix rising from ashes , which is a reference to the recoveries from four devastating fires . Portland was named after the English Isle of Portland , Dorset . In turn , the city of Portland , Oregon was named after Portland , Maine . Portland itself comes from the Old English word Portlanda , which literally means land surrounding a harbor ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dover,_New_Hampshire', 'summary': "Dover is a city in Strafford County , New Hampshire , United States . The population was 29,987 at the 2010 census , the largest in the New Hampshire Seacoast region and the 4th largest city in the state of New Hampshire . The population was estimated at 31,771 in 2018 . It is the county seat of Strafford County , and home to Wentworth-Douglass Hospital , the Woodman Institute Museum , and the Children 's Museum of New Hampshire ."}]}, {'value': 'Maine Central Railroad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maine_Central_Railroad', 'summary': 'The Maine Central Railroad Company ( reporting mark MEC ) was a former U. S. Class I railroad in central and southern Maine . [ citation needed ] It was chartered in 1856 and began operations in 1862 . By 1884 , Maine Central was the longest railroad in New England . Maine Central had expanded to 1,358 miles ( 2,185 km ) when the United States Railroad Administration assumed control in 1917 . The main line extended from South Portland , Maine , east to the Canada-United States border with New Brunswick , and a Mountain Division extended west from Portland to Vermont and north into Quebec . The main line was double track from South Portland to Royal Junction , where it split into a lower road through Brunswick and Augusta and a back road through Lewiston which converged at Waterville into single track to Bangor and points east . Branch lines served the industrial center of Rumford , a resort hotel on Moosehead Lake , and coastal communities from Bath to Eastport . At the end of 1970 it operated 921 miles ( 1,482 km ) of road on 1,183 miles ( 1,904 km ) of track ; that year it reported 950 million ton-miles of revenue freight . The Maine Central remained independent until 1981 , when it was purchased by Guilford Transportation Industries and became part of what is now the Pan Am Railways network .'}]}, {'value': 'Bangor , Maine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bangor,_Maine', 'summary': "Bangor ( /ˈbæŋɡɔːr/ ) is a city in the U.S. state of Maine , and the county seat of Penobscot County . The city proper has a population of 33,039 , making it the state 's 3rd largest settlement behind Portland ( 66,882 ) and Lewiston ( 36,221 ) . Modern Bangor was established in the mid-19th century with the lumber and shipbuilding industries . Lying on the Penobscot River , logs could be floated downstream from the Maine North Woods and processed at the city 's water-powered sawmills , then shipped from Bangor 's port to the Atlantic Ocean 30 miles ( 48 km ) downstream , and from there to any port in the world . Evidence of this is still visible in the lumber barons ' elaborate Greek Revival and Victorian mansions and the 31-foot-high ( 9.4 m ) statue of Paul Bunyan . Bangor is often credited for being the most successful music producing city . Today , Bangor 's economy is based on services and retail , healthcare , and education . Bangor has a port of entry at Bangor International Airport , also home to the Bangor Air National Guard Base . Historically Bangor was an important stopover on the great circle route air route between the U.S. East Coast and Europe . Bangor has a humid continental climate , with cold , snowy winters , and warm summers ."}]}, {'value': '1957', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kennebec Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portland , Maine', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maine Central Railroad', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vanceboro , Maine', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1958', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mountaineer ( summer only )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Littleton , New Hampshire via North Conway , and Crawford Notch in the White Mountains', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Littleton,_New_Hampshire', 'summary': 'Littleton is a town in Grafton County , New Hampshire , United States . The population was 5,928 at the 2010 census . Situated at the northern edge of the White Mountains , Littleton is bounded on the northwest by the Connecticut River . The primary settlement in town , where 4,412 people lived at the 2010 census , is defined as the Littleton census-designated place ( CDP ) , and is centered on the intersection of U.S. Route 302 with New Hampshire Route 116 , along the Ammonoosuc River .'}, {'url': '/wiki/White_Mountains_(New_Hampshire)', 'summary': 'The White Mountains are a mountain range covering about a quarter of the state of New Hampshire and a small portion of western Maine in the United States . They are part of the northern Appalachian Mountains and the most rugged mountains in New England . The range is heavily visited due to its proximity to Boston and , to a lesser extent , New York City and Montreal , Quebec , Canada . Most of the area is public land , including the White Mountain National Forest and a number of state parks . Its most famous mountain is 6,288-foot ( 1,917 m ) Mount Washington , which is the highest peak in the Northeastern U.S. and for 76 years held the record for fastest surface wind gust in the world ( 231 miles per hour ( 372 km/h ) in 1934 ) . Mount Washington is part of a line of summits , the Presidential Range , that are named after U.S. presidents and other prominent Americans . The White Mountains also include the Franconia Range , Sandwich Range , Carter-Moriah Range and Kinsman Range in New Hampshire , and the Mahoosuc Range straddling the border between it and Maine . In all , there are 48 peaks within New Hampshire as well as one ( Old Speck Mountain ) in Maine over 4,000 feet ( 1,200 m ) , known as the four-thousand footers . The Whites are known for a system of alpine huts for hikers operated by the Appalachian Mountain Club . The Appalachian Trail crosses the area from southwest to northeast .'}]}, {'value': 'Maine Central Railroad', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Intervale , New Hampshire', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1955', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Penobscot', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portland , Maine', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maine Central Railroad', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bangor , Maine', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1957', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pine Tree Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portland , Maine', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maine Central Railroad', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bangor , Maine', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1958', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Gull', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Gull', 'summary': "The Gull was an international passenger train service between Boston , United States and Halifax , Canada which operated from 1930 to 1960 . Journey time was approximately 24 hours . Westbound trains left Halifax shortly after breakfast and crossed the Canada-United States border in the late evening , as eastbound trains were leaving Boston 's North Station to cross the border about dawn . Travel was over the Boston and Maine Railroad from Boston to Portland , Maine , then over the Maine Central Railroad to the border between Vanceboro , Maine , and Saint Croix , New Brunswick , then over the Canadian Pacific Railway to Saint John , New Brunswick , and over the Canadian National Railway to Halifax ."}]}, {'value': 'Portland , Maine', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maine Central Railroad Canadian Pacific Railway Canadian National Railway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maine_Central_Railroad', 'summary': 'The Maine Central Railroad Company ( reporting mark MEC ) was a former U. S. Class I railroad in central and southern Maine . [ citation needed ] It was chartered in 1856 and began operations in 1862 . By 1884 , Maine Central was the longest railroad in New England . Maine Central had expanded to 1,358 miles ( 2,185 km ) when the United States Railroad Administration assumed control in 1917 . The main line extended from South Portland , Maine , east to the Canada-United States border with New Brunswick , and a Mountain Division extended west from Portland to Vermont and north into Quebec . The main line was double track from South Portland to Royal Junction , where it split into a lower road through Brunswick and Augusta and a back road through Lewiston which converged at Waterville into single track to Bangor and points east . Branch lines served the industrial center of Rumford , a resort hotel on Moosehead Lake , and coastal communities from Bath to Eastport . At the end of 1970 it operated 921 miles ( 1,482 km ) of road on 1,183 miles ( 1,904 km ) of track ; that year it reported 950 million ton-miles of revenue freight . The Maine Central remained independent until 1981 , when it was purchased by Guilford Transportation Industries and became part of what is now the Pan Am Railways network .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway', 'summary': "The Canadian Pacific Railway ( CPR ) ( reporting marks CP , CPAA , MILW , SOO ) , also known formerly as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996 , and known as simply Canadian Pacific is a historic Canadian Class I railway incorporated in 1881 . The railway is owned by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited , which began operations as legal owner in a corporate restructuring in 2001 . Headquartered in Calgary , Alberta , it owns approximately 20,000 kilometres ( 12,500 mi ) of track all across Canada and into the United States , stretching from Montreal to Vancouver , and as far north as Edmonton . Its rail network also serves Minneapolis-St. Paul , Milwaukee , Detroit , Chicago , and New York City in the United States . The railway was first built between eastern Canada and British Columbia between 1881 and 1885 ( connecting with Ottawa Valley and Georgian Bay area lines built earlier ) , fulfilling a trusty extended to British Columbia when it entered Confederation in 1871 . It was Canada 's first transcontinental railway , but no longer reaches the Atlantic coast . Primarily a freight railway , the CPR was for decades the only practical means of long-distance passenger transport in most regions of Canada , and was instrumental in the settlement and development of Western Canada . The CPR became one of the largest and most powerful companies in Canada , a position it held as late as 1975 . Its primary passenger services were eliminated in 1986 , after being assumed by Via Rail Canada in 1978 . A beaver was chosen as the railway 's logo in honour of Sir Donald A Smith ( 1st . Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal ) who had risen from Factor to Governor of the Hudson 's Bay Company over a lengthy career in the beaver fur trade . Smith was a principal financier of the C.P.R ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway', 'summary': "The Canadian National Railway ( French : Canadien National ) ( reporting mark CN ) is a Canadian Class I freight railway headquartered in Montreal , Quebec , that serves Canada and the Midwestern and Southern United States . CN is Canada 's largest railway , in terms of both revenue and the physical size of its rail network , and is Canada 's only transcontinental railway company , spanning Canada from the Atlantic coast in Nova Scotia to the Pacific coast in British Columbia across about 20,400 route miles ( 32,831 km ) of track . CN is a public company with 24,000 employees , and as of July 2019 it had a market cap of approximately CA $ 90 billion . CN was government-owned , having been a Canadian Crown corporation from its founding to its privatization in 1995 . As of 2019 , Bill Gates is the largest single shareholder of CN stock . The railway was referred to as Canadian National Railways ( CNR ) between 1919 and 1960 , and as Canadian National/Canadien National ( CN ) from 1960 to the present ."}]}, {'value': 'Halifax , Nova Scotia via Saint John , New Brunswick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia', 'summary': "Halifax , officially known as the Halifax Regional Municipality ( HRM ) , is the capital of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia . It had a population of 403,131 in 2016 , with 316,701 in the urban area centred on Halifax Harbour . The regional municipality consists of four former municipalities that were amalgamated in 1996 : Halifax , Dartmouth , Bedford , and Halifax County . Halifax is a major economic centre in Atlantic Canada , with a large concentration of government services and private sector companies . Major employers and economic generators include the Department of National Defence , Dalhousie University , Saint Mary 's University , the Halifax Shipyard , various levels of government , and the Port of Halifax . Agriculture , fishing , mining , forestry and natural gas extraction are major resource industries found in the rural areas of the municipality ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': "Saint John is a port city on the Bay of Fundy in the Canadian province of New Brunswick . The port is Canada 's third largest port by tonnage with a cargo base that includes dry and liquid bulk , break bulk , containers , and cruise . Historically New Brunswick 's largest city , in 2016 the city fell to second place , with a population of 67,575 over an area of 315.82 km2 ( 121.94 sq mi ) . Greater Saint John covers a land area of 3,362.95 km2 ( 1,298.44 sq mi ) across the Caledonia Highlands , with a growing population of 126,202 ( as of 2016 ) . Saint John is the oldest incorporated city in Canada . During the reign of George III , the municipality was created by royal charter in 1785 . Saint John is the oldest of five chartered cities in Canada along with Montreal , Winnipeg , Vancouver , and Lloydminster ( a city that straddles both Alberta and Saskatchewan ) . French colonist Samuel de Champlain landed at Saint John Harbour on June 24 , 1604 ( the feast of St. John the Baptist ) and is where the Saint John River gets its name although Mi'kmaq and Maliseet peoples lived in the region for thousands of years prior calling the river Wolastoq . The Saint John area was an important area for trade and defence for Acadia during the French colonial era and Fort La Tour , in the city 's harbour , was a pivotal battleground during the Acadian Civil War . After over a century of ownership disputes over the land surrounding Saint John between the French and English , the English deported the French colonists in 1755 and constructed Fort Howe above the harbour in 1779 . In 1785 , the City of Saint John was established by uniting the two towns of Parrtown and Carleton on each side of the harbour after the arrival of thousands of refugees from the American Revolution who wished to remain British and were forced to leave their U.S. homes . Over the next century , waves of immigration via Partridge Island , especially during the Great Famine , would fundamentally change the city 's demographics and culture ."}]}, {'value': '1960', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'History -- North Station', 'section_text': 'North Station in the early 1960s Until the 1960s , the station was the hub for long-distance B & M service to multiple locales north and west of Boston , usually in conjunction with other railroads . [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Service cutbacks began in the 1950s , and service soon dwindled down to commuter rail operations . The last intercity service to Portland , Maine and to north of Concord , New Hampshire ended on January 4 , 1965 . [ 1 ] By this point , the intercity train itineraries consisted of self-propelled Budd Rail Diesel Cars , often just one or two cars for the trip . Single commuter-oriented daily round trips on these routes to Concord and Dover , New Hampshire lasted until June 30 , 1967 . [ 1 ] Limited MBTA Commuter Rail service to Concord was run from January 28 , 1980 to March 1 , 1981 as part of a federally funded experiment . [ 1 ]', 'uid': 'North_Station_0', 'intro': "North Station is a major transportation hub located at Causeway and Nashua Streets in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is one of the city's two inbound terminals for Amtrak and MBTA Commuter Rail trains, the other being South Station. The main concourse of North Station is located at the street level immediately below TD Garden, Boston's main indoor sports and entertainment facility, allowing people attending events there to take advantage of the extensive transportation connections at the site."}	null	null	What was the name of the station whose partner railroad would eventually own around 300 miles ( 483 km ) of track ?	Connecticut Yankee
09e0f5c7f8e4a526	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshore_wind_power', 'title': 'Offshore wind power', 'header': ['Wind farm', 'Capacity ( MW )', 'Location', 'Site coordinates', 'Turbines & model', 'Commissioning date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Walney Extension', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walney_Extension', 'summary': "Walney Wind Farms are a group of offshore wind farms 9 miles ( 14 km ) west of Walney Island off the coast of Cumbria , in the Irish Sea , England . The group , operated by Ørsted ( formerly Dong Energy ) , consists of Walney Phase 1 , Phase 2 and the Walney Extension . The extension has a capacity of 659 MW making it the world 's largest offshore wind farm . The wind farms were developed by Walney ( UK ) Offshore Windfarms Limited , a partnership between DONG Energy and Scottish and Southern Energy . The farms , which are immediately northwest of the West of Duddon Sands Wind Farm and west of Ormonde Wind Farm , are in water depths ranging from 19m to 23m and cover an area of approximately 73 km2 . Both of the first phases have 51 turbines giving a nameplate capacity of 367 MW . Until September 2012 it was the world 's largest operational offshore wind farm , and regained this title when the expansion completed in September 2018 . The first two phases were expected to generate about 1,300 GW·h/year of electricity , with a load factor of 43% . The Walney Extension opened in September 2018 with a further 87 turbines capable of generating 659 megawatts ."}]}, {'value': '659', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '54°5′17″N 3°44′17″W / 54.08806°N 3.73806°W / 54.08806 ; -3.73806 ( Walney Extension )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '40 x MHI - Vestas 8.25 MW 47 x Siemens Gamesa 7 MW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries', 'summary': "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries , Ltd. ( 三菱重工業株式会社 , Mitsubishi Jūkōgyō Kabushiki-kaisha , informally MHI ) is a Japanese multinational engineering , electrical equipment and electronics company headquartered in Tokyo , Japan . MHI is one of the core companies of the Mitsubishi Group . MHI 's products include aerospace components , air conditioners , aircraft , automotive components , forklift trucks , hydraulic equipment , machine tools , missiles , power generation equipment , printing machines , ships and space launch vehicles . Through its defense-related activities , it is the world 's 23rd-largest defense contractor measured by 2011 defense revenues and the largest based in Japan ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Vestas', 'summary': 'Vestas Wind Systems A/S is a Danish manufacturer , seller , installer , and servicer of wind turbines that was founded in 1945 . The company operates manufacturing plants in Denmark , Germany , India , Italy , Romania , the United Kingdom , Spain , Sweden , Norway , Australia , China , and the United States , and employs more than 24,400 people globally . As of 2013 [ update ] , it is the largest wind turbine company in the world .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Siemens_Gamesa_Renewable_Energy', 'summary': "Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy S.A. , formerly Gamesa Corporación Tecnológica S.A. ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ɡaˈmesa koɾpoɾaˈθjon teɣnoˈloxika ] ) and Grupo Auxiliar Metalúrgico S.A. , is a Spanish-based engineering company located in Zamudio , Biscay , Spain . It manufactures wind turbines and provides onshore and offshore wind services . It is the world 's second largest wind turbine manufacturer . The company is notable for its SG 10.0-193 wind turbine , the largest variant based on the Siemens D7 Platform , as well as being one of the largest wind turbines in the world . Its main competition will be the General Electric Haliade-X and the MHI-Vestas V164 ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'London Array', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Array', 'summary': 'The London Array is a 175-turbine 630 MW Round 2 offshore wind farm located 20 kilometres ( 12 mi ) off the Kent coast in the outer Thames Estuary in the United Kingdom . It was the largest offshore wind farm in the world until Walney Extension reached full production in September 2018 . Construction of phase 1 of the wind farm began in March 2011 and was completed by mid 2013 , being formally inaugurated by the Prime Minister , David Cameron on 4 July 2013 . The second phase of the project was refused planning consent in 2014 due to concerns over the impact on sea birds .'}]}, {'value': '630', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '51°38′38″N 01°33′13″E / 51.64389°N 1.55361°E / 51.64389 ; 1.55361 ( London Array )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '175 × Siemens SWT-3.6-120', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Power', 'summary': "Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy S.A. , formerly Gamesa Corporación Tecnológica S.A. ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ɡaˈmesa koɾpoɾaˈθjon teɣnoˈloxika ] ) and Grupo Auxiliar Metalúrgico S.A. , is a Spanish-based engineering company located in Zamudio , Biscay , Spain . It manufactures wind turbines and provides onshore and offshore wind services . It is the world 's second largest wind turbine manufacturer . The company is notable for its SG 10.0-193 wind turbine , the largest variant based on the Siemens D7 Platform , as well as being one of the largest wind turbines in the world . Its main competition will be the General Electric Haliade-X and the MHI-Vestas V164 ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gemini Wind Farm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gemini_Wind_Farm', 'summary': 'Gemini is a 600 megawatt ( MW ) offshore wind farm off the coast of the Netherlands . Construction started in 2015 with final commissioning in 2017 . It is the third largest offshore wind farm on Earth , after the Walney Extension and the London Array . The wind farm consists of two parts . The first part with 75 turbines is located north of Ameland . The second part also with 75 turbines is located 55 kilometres north of Schiermonnikoog . The 150 wind turbines are Siemens SWT-4.0 , each with a capacity of 4 megawatts . The wind farm has been developed by a consortium led by Northland Power , while Van Oord is the main contractor . Initially it was expected that the wind farm would be ready in the fourth quarter of 2015 , but the start of construction was delayed until 2015 . Electricity production started in February 2016 when the first turbine was connected to the grid . In the first week of December 2016 , all 150 turbines began producing power , and the project was fully commissioned in May 2017 . The total construction cost of the Gemini project is estimated at around 2.8 billion euros , and subsidies will be 3.6 billion euros .'}]}, {'value': '600', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': '54°2′10″N 05°57′47″W / 54.03611°N 5.96306°W / 54.03611 ; -5.96306 ( Gemini Wind Farm )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '150 × Siemens SWT-4.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beatrice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beatrice_Wind_Farm', 'summary': 'The Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm now known as Beatrice Offshore Windfarm Ltd ( BOWL ) project , is a wind farm close to the Beatrice oil field in the Moray Firth , part of the North Sea 13 km off the north east coast of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': '588', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '58°07′48″N 03°04′12″W / 58.13000°N 3.07000°W / 58.13000 ; -3.07000 ( Beatrice Offshore Windfarm Ltd ( BOWL ) project )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '84 × 7MW Siemens Gamesa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Siemens_Gamesa', 'summary': "Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy S.A. , formerly Gamesa Corporación Tecnológica S.A. ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ɡaˈmesa koɾpoɾaˈθjon teɣnoˈloxika ] ) and Grupo Auxiliar Metalúrgico S.A. , is a Spanish-based engineering company located in Zamudio , Biscay , Spain . It manufactures wind turbines and provides onshore and offshore wind services . It is the world 's second largest wind turbine manufacturer . The company is notable for its SG 10.0-193 wind turbine , the largest variant based on the Siemens D7 Platform , as well as being one of the largest wind turbines in the world . Its main competition will be the General Electric Haliade-X and the MHI-Vestas V164 ."}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gode Wind ( phases 1+2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gode_Wind_Farm', 'summary': "Gode Wind 1 , 2 , and 3 are offshore wind farms located north-west of Norderney in the German sector of North Sea . They are owned by Ørsted . Gode Wind 1 and 2 are operational , while Gode Wind 3 is being developed . The projects were originally developed by PNE Wind AG who had received approvals for Gode Wind 1 and 2 from Germany 's Federal Agency for Marine Shipping and Hydrography . In August 2012 , the projects were acquired by Dong Energy ."}]}, {'value': '582', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '54°04′N 7°02′E / 54.067°N 7.033°E / 54.067 ; 7.033 ( Gode Wind I+II )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '97 x Siemens SWT-6.0-154', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gwynt y Môr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gwynt_y_Môr', 'summary': 'Gwynt y Môr ( English : Sea Wind ) is a 576-megawatt ( MW ) offshore wind farm located off the coast of North Wales and is the fifth largest operating offshore windfarm in the world . The farm has 160 wind turbines of 150 metres ( 490 ft ) tip height above mean sea level . Planning consent for the project was granted on 3 December 2008 . The project has a value of 2 billion Euros , of which 1.2 billion Euros were spent on turbines and electrical connections . Construction began in 2012 , power production started in September 2013 , construction phase ended in November 2014 , and final commissioning occurred in June 2015 .'}]}, {'value': '576', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '53°27′00″N 03°35′00″W / 53.45000°N 3.58333°W / 53.45000 ; -3.58333 ( Gwynt y Môr )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '160 × Siemens SWT-3.6-107', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Race Bank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Race_Bank_wind_farm', 'summary': 'Race Bank Wind Farm is a 573 MW Round 2 offshore wind farm located 27 km north of Blakeney Point off the coast of Norfolk , and 28 km east of Chapel St Leonards off the Lincolnshire coast in the North Sea . The farm was commissioned in February 2018 .'}]}, {'value': '573', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '53°16′N 0°50′E / 53.267°N 0.833°E / 53.267 ; 0.833 ( Race Bank )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '91 x Siemens SWT-6.0-154', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greater Gabbard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greater_Gabbard_wind_farm', 'summary': 'Greater Gabbard is a 504 MW wind farm on sandbanks 23 kilometres ( 14 mi ) off the coast of Suffolk in England at a cost of £1.5 billion . Onshore construction activities commenced in early July 2008 at Sizewell . It was completed on 7 September 2012 with all of the Siemens SWT3.6-107 turbines connected . A 336 MW extension of the project called Galloper Wind Farm was commissioned in April 2018 .'}]}, {'value': '504', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '51°52′48″N 1°56′24″E / 51.88000°N 1.94000°E / 51.88000 ; 1.94000 ( Greater Gabbard wind farm )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '140 × Siemens SWT-3.6-107', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dudgeon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dudgeon_Offshore_Wind_Farm', 'summary': 'Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm is an offshore wind farm 32 km north of Cromer off the coast of Norfolk , in the North Sea , England . It is owned by Dudgeon Offshore Wind Limited ( DOW ) , a subsidiary of Equinor , Masdar and Statkraft . The site is a relatively flat area of seabed between the Cromer Knoll and Inner Cromer Knoll sandbanks and is one of the furthest offshore sites around the UK . The project included constructing the wind turbines and their foundations , building an offshore substation and an onshore substation at Necton , installing power cables both undersea and onshore , as well as connection to the UK National Grid . This work is estimated to have cost in the region of £1.5bn . The wind farm was fully commissioned in October 2017 . The estimated annual production is 1.7 TWh which corresponds to 410,000 homes each using 4,100 kWh/yr . With a nameplate capacity ( peak power ) of 402 MW this corresponds to a capacity factor of 48% , or an average power of approximately 200 MW .'}]}, {'value': '402', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '53°14′56″N 1°23′24″E / 53.24889°N 1.39000°E / 53.24889 ; 1.39000 ( Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '67 × Siemens 6 MW', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Veja Mate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Veja_Mate_Offshore_Wind_Farm', 'summary': 'Veja Mate is a German 402 MW offshore wind farm in the German Bight of the North Sea about 95 km northwest of Borkum . The wind farm consists of 67 Siemens Wind Power SWT-6.0-154 turbines , each with a 6 MW capacity . In January 2017 , 18 months after the financial close , the first of the turbines started delivering power to the German grid . The last turbine was installed on 25 May 2017 , and commissioning activities were completed on 31 May 2017 . Construction was completed in less than 23 months after financial close , almost four months ahead of the schedule agreed at financial close . The EUR 1.9 billion ( US $ 2.1bn ) wind farm is owned by Highland Group Holdings Ltd , Siemens Financial Services and a fund managed by Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners ( CIP ) . The power is delivered via the offshore converter station HVDC BorWin2 to the German onshore Diele substation near Weener .'}]}, {'value': '402', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '54°19′1″N 5°52′15″E / 54.31694°N 5.87083°E / 54.31694 ; 5.87083 ( Veja Mate Wind Farm )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '67 × Siemens SWT-6.0-154', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anholt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anholt_Offshore_Wind_Farm', 'summary': 'Anholt Offshore Wind Farm is a Danish offshore wind power wind farm in the Kattegat , between Djursland and Anholt island . With a nameplate capacity of 400 megawatts ( MW ) , it is one of the largest offshore wind farm in the world ( along with BARD Offshore 1 ) and was the largest in Denmark from 2013 to 2019 ( when Horns Rev 3 was inaugurated ) . A cable from the wind farm to Anholt replaces most of the diesel-powered electricity on the island .'}]}, {'value': '400', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': '56°36′00″N 11°12′36″E / 56.60000°N 11.21000°E / 56.60000 ; 11.21000 ( Anholt Offshore Wind Farm )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '111 × Siemens SWT-3.6-120', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BARD Offshore 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BARD_Offshore_1', 'summary': 'BARD Offshore 1 is a 400 megawatt ( MW ) North Sea offshore wind farm with 80 BARD 5.0 turbines . Construction was finished in July 2013 and the wind farm was officially inaugurated in August 2013 . The wind farm is located 100 kilometres ( 60 mi ) northwest of the isle Borkum in 40-metre ( 130 ft ) deep water . Laying of cables to connect the wind farm started on 23 July 2009 . The 200 km connection is the longest of its kind in the world . It is also the first connection of an offshore wind park realized as HVDC-transmission . Construction of the wind turbines began in March 2010 . The first turbine became operational at the beginning of December 2010 . Construction was assisted by the purpose-built Wind Lift 1 barge / platform , which placed the 470 ton , 21 meter foundations on the sea bed . The project has run into serious and unclear problems , including being three years behind schedule and , at a cost of €3 billion , run significantly over budget . A diver and a worker died during construction . The farm was supposed to go online in August 2013 , but a series of setbacks , including a fire at a transmission station in March 2014 , have delayed its activation .'}]}, {'value': '400', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '54°22′0″N 5°59′0″E / 54.36667°N 5.98333°E / 54.36667 ; 5.98333 ( BARD Offshore 1 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '80 × BARD 5.0MW', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Global Tech I [ de ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '400', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '54°30′00″N 6°21′30″E / 54.50000°N 6.35833°E / 54.50000 ; 6.35833 ( Global Tech I )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '80 × Areva Multibrid M5000 5.0MW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Areva_Wind', 'summary': 'Adwen GmbH ( former names : Multibrid GmbH and Areva Wind GmbH ) is an offshore wind service company headquartered in Bremenhaven , Germany . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Siemens Gamesa . Previously the company designed , assembled , and installed 5-Megawatt wind turbines for offshore wind farms . It also designed and manufactured rotor blades through its subsidiary Adwen Blades GmbH , headquartered in Stade , Germany .'}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West of Duddon Sands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_of_Duddon_Sands_Wind_Farm', 'summary': 'West of Duddon Sands Wind Farm ( WoDS ) , occasionally also known as West Duddon Wind Farm is an offshore wind farm located 14 kilometres ( 8.7 mi ) south west of Walney Island off the coast of Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria , in the Irish Sea , England . It was developed by Scottish Power and Dong Energy .'}]}, {'value': '389', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '53°59′02″N 3°27′50″W / 53.98389°N 3.46389°W / 53.98389 ; -3.46389 ( West of Duddon Sands )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '108 × Siemens SWT-3.6-120', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Walney ( phases 1 & 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walney_Wind_Farm', 'summary': "Walney Wind Farms are a group of offshore wind farms 9 miles ( 14 km ) west of Walney Island off the coast of Cumbria , in the Irish Sea , England . The group , operated by Ørsted ( formerly Dong Energy ) , consists of Walney Phase 1 , Phase 2 and the Walney Extension . The extension has a capacity of 659 MW making it the world 's largest offshore wind farm . The wind farms were developed by Walney ( UK ) Offshore Windfarms Limited , a partnership between DONG Energy and Scottish and Southern Energy . The farms , which are immediately northwest of the West of Duddon Sands Wind Farm and west of Ormonde Wind Farm , are in water depths ranging from 19m to 23m and cover an area of approximately 73 km2 . Both of the first phases have 51 turbines giving a nameplate capacity of 367 MW . Until September 2012 it was the world 's largest operational offshore wind farm , and regained this title when the expansion completed in September 2018 . The first two phases were expected to generate about 1,300 GW·h/year of electricity , with a load factor of 43% . The Walney Extension opened in September 2018 with a further 87 turbines capable of generating 659 megawatts ."}]}, {'value': '367', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '54°02′38″N 3°31′19″W / 54.04389°N 3.52194°W / 54.04389 ; -3.52194 ( Walney Wind Farm )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '102 × Siemens SWT-3.6-107', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011 ( phase 1 ) 2012 ( phase 2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wikinger', 'urls': []}, {'value': '350', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '54°50′2″N 14°4′5″E / 54.83389°N 14.06806°E / 54.83389 ; 14.06806 ( Wikinger Wind Farm )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '70 x Adwen AD 5-135', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nordsee One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nordsee_One_offshore_wind_farm', 'summary': 'Nordsee One is an offshore wind farm in the German part of the North Sea . It has a nameplate capacity of 332 MW and was commissioned in 2017 . It uses 54 Senvion 6.2M126 wind turbines that are expected to produce 1200 GWh of electricity annually . The wind farm is owned by Northland Power ( 85% ) and Innogy ( 15% ) . Offshore construction began in December 2015 .'}]}, {'value': '332', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '53°58′0″N 06°48′00″E / 53.96667°N 6.80000°E / 53.96667 ; 6.80000 ( Nordsee One Wind Farm )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '54 × Senvion 6.2M126', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thorntonbank ( phases 1-3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thorntonbank_Wind_Farm', 'summary': 'The Thorntonbank Wind Farm is an offshore wind farm , 30 km ( 19 mi ) off the Belgian coast , in water ranging from 12 to 27 metres ( 39 to 89 ft ) deep . Electricity production started in early 2009 , with a capacity of 30 MW . The capacity is expected to be increased gradually to 300 MW in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': '325', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '51°33′00″N 2°56′00″E / 51.55000°N 2.93333°E / 51.55000 ; 2.93333 ( Thorntonbank phases 1 & 2 & 3 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6 × Senvion 5MW 48 × Senvion 6.15MW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Senvion', 'summary': 'Senvion S.A. ( called REpower Systems SE until 2014 ) is a wind turbine manufacturer founded in 2001 in Germany , majority owned by the private equity firm , Centerbridge Partners since April 2015 . It was under the ownership of Suzlon , an India wind turbine manufacturer , from 2007 to 2015 . With equipment pricing under pressure due to auctions , Senvion has filed for insolvency in German courts in early April 2019 . Senvion sold its 9 GW European service fleet to Siemens Gamesa in October 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '2009 ( phase 1 ) 2012 ( phase 2 ) 2013 ( phase 3 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sheringham Shoal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sheringham_Shoal_Offshore_Wind_Farm', 'summary': 'Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm is a Round 2 wind farm in North Sea off the coast of Norfolk . A lease for use of the sea bed was obtained in 2004 by Scira Offshore Energy ( later acquired by Statoil ( now Equinor ) and Statkraft ) , the development gained offshore planning consent in 2008 , and was constructed 2009-2011 , being officially opened in 2012 . The wind farm has 88 Siemens Wind Power 3.6MW turbines ( total power 316.8 MW ) spread over a 35 km2 ( 14 sq mi ) area over 17 km ( 11 mi ) from shore .'}]}, {'value': '315', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '53°7′0″N 1°8′0″E / 53.11667°N 1.13333°E / 53.11667 ; 1.13333 ( Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '88 × Siemens SWT-3.6-107', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Borkum Riffgrund 1 [ de ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '312', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '53°58′0″N 06°33′00″E / 53.96667°N 6.55000°E / 53.96667 ; 6.55000 ( Borkum Riffgrund 1 Wind Farm )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '78 × Siemens SWT-4.0-120', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Largest offshore wind farms', 'section_text': 'Four offshore wind farms are in the Thames Estuary area : Kentish Flats , Gunfleet Sands , Thanet and London Array . The latter was the largest in the world until September 2018 . See also : List of offshore wind farms and Lists of offshore wind farms by country', 'uid': 'Offshore_wind_power_0', 'intro': 'Offshore wind power or offshore wind energy is the use of wind farms constructed in bodies of water, usually in the ocean, to harvest wind energy to generate electricity. Higher wind speeds are available offshore compared to on land, so offshore wind powers electricity generation is higher per amount of capacity installed, and NIMBY opposition to construction is usually much weaker. Unlike the typical use of the term offshore in the marine industry, offshore wind power includes inshore water areas such as lakes, fjords and sheltered coastal areas as well as deeper-water areas. Most offshore wind farms employ fixed-foundation wind turbines in relatively shallow water. As of 2020, floating wind turbines for deeper waters are in the early phase of development and deployment. At the end of 2017, the total worldwide offshore wind power capacity was 18.8 gigawatt (GW). All the largest offshore wind farms are currently in northern Europe, especially in the United Kingdom and Germany, which together account for over two-thirds of the total offshore wind power installed worldwide. As of September 2018, the 659 MW Walney Extension in the United Kingdom is the largest offshore wind farm in the world. The Hornsea Wind Farm under construction in the United Kingdom will become the largest when completed, at 1,200 MW. Other projects are in the planning stage, including Dogger Bank in the United Kingdom at 4.8 GW, and Greater Changhua in Taiwan at 2.4 GW. The cost of offshore wind power has historically been higher than that of onshore wind generation, but costs have been decreasing rapidly in recent years to $78/MWh in 2019. Offshore wind power in Europe has been price-competitive with conventional power sources since 2017.'}	null	null	What community composes 60 % of the population whose country 's wind farm holds an electrical capacity of 30 megawatts ?	Flemish
09e1cf0765bdcf42	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893_New_Zealand_rugby_union_tour_of_Australia', 'title': '1893 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia', 'header': ['#', 'Date', 'Rival', 'City', 'Venue', 'Score'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28 Jun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cumberland County', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Cumberland Oval', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parramatta_Stadium', 'summary': "Parramatta Stadium was a sports stadium in Parramatta , New South Wales , Australia , 23 kilometres west of Sydney 's central business district . The stadium was the home ground of several western Sydney-based sports teams , at the time of closure the most notable were the Parramatta Eels of the National Rugby League and the Western Sydney Wanderers of the A-League . Cumberland Oval was the local name for the cricket , motor sports and rugby venue that had existed prior to Parramatta Stadium being built , with the area having been used for recreational activities since 1788 , the founding year of the British colony in New South Wales . The stadium also hosted numerous other sporting and cultural events since its opening in 1986 . Michael Jackson performed there during his Bad World Tour on 20-21 November 1987 , and Paul McCartney concluded the Australian leg of The New World Tour with two shows there on 22-23 March 1993 . In 2015 the NSW Government announced that the stadium would be demolished and replaced , and to that end , Parramatta Stadium was demolished in February 2017 , with the new Western Sydney Stadium built in the same location ."}]}, {'value': '8-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NSW Waratahs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_South_Wales_Waratahs', 'summary': 'The New South Wales Waratahs ( /ˈwɒrətɑːz/ or /ˌwɒrəˈtɑːz/ ; referred to as the Waratahs , are an Australian rugby union team representing the majority of New South Wales in the Super Rugby competition . The Riverina and other southern parts of the state , are represented by the Brumbies , who are based in Canberra , Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) . The Waratahs name has historically been the name for the New South Wales Rugby Union ( NSWRU ) representative team , and became the name for the New South Wales team when it entered the Super Six , Super 10 and Super 12 competitions . The name and emblem comes from the waratah , the state flower for New South Wales . Until 2019 , their home ground was Sydney Football Stadium in Sydney . With this closed for demolition and rebuilding , in 2019 home games will be played at the Sydney Cricket Ground and Western Sydney Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Cricket Ground', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground', 'summary': 'The Sydney Cricket Ground ( SCG ) is a sports stadium in Sydney , Australia . It is used for Test , One Day International and Twenty20 cricket , as well as Australian rules football , rugby league football , rugby union , and association football . It is the home ground for the New South Wales Blues cricket team , the Sydney Sixers of the Big Bash League and the Sydney Swans of the Australian Football League . It is also the temporary home of the Sydney Roosters of the National Rugby League and the NSW Waratahs of Super Rugby , during the redevelopment of the Sydney Football Stadium . It is owned and operated by the Sydney Cricket Ground Trust . Until the 44,000 seat Sydney Football Stadium opened in 1988 , the Sydney Cricket Ground was the major rugby league venue in Sydney .'}]}, {'value': '17-8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NSW Junior', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Cricket Ground', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground', 'summary': 'The Sydney Cricket Ground ( SCG ) is a sports stadium in Sydney , Australia . It is used for Test , One Day International and Twenty20 cricket , as well as Australian rules football , rugby league football , rugby union , and association football . It is the home ground for the New South Wales Blues cricket team , the Sydney Sixers of the Big Bash League and the Sydney Swans of the Australian Football League . It is also the temporary home of the Sydney Roosters of the National Rugby League and the NSW Waratahs of Super Rugby , during the redevelopment of the Sydney Football Stadium . It is owned and operated by the Sydney Cricket Ground Trust . Until the 44,000 seat Sydney Football Stadium opened in 1988 , the Sydney Cricket Ground was the major rugby league venue in Sydney .'}]}, {'value': '19-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northern District', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Newcastle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Newcastle,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'The Newcastle ( /ˈnuːkɑːsəl/ NEW-kah-səl ) metropolitan area is the second most populated area in the Australian state of New South Wales and includes the Newcastle and Lake Macquarie local government areas . It is the hub of the Greater Newcastle area which includes most parts of the local government areas of City of Newcastle , City of Lake Macquarie , City of Cessnock , City of Maitland and Port Stephens Council . Located at the mouth of the Hunter River , it is the predominant city within the Hunter Region . Famous for its coal , Newcastle is the largest coal exporting harbour in the world , exporting 159.9 million tonnes of coal in 2017 . Beyond the city , the Hunter Region possesses large coal deposits . Geologically , the area is located in the central-eastern part of the Sydney basin .'}]}, {'value': 'Sports Ground', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NSW Waratahs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_South_Wales_Waratahs', 'summary': 'The New South Wales Waratahs ( /ˈwɒrətɑːz/ or /ˌwɒrəˈtɑːz/ ; referred to as the Waratahs , are an Australian rugby union team representing the majority of New South Wales in the Super Rugby competition . The Riverina and other southern parts of the state , are represented by the Brumbies , who are based in Canberra , Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) . The Waratahs name has historically been the name for the New South Wales Rugby Union ( NSWRU ) representative team , and became the name for the New South Wales team when it entered the Super Six , Super 10 and Super 12 competitions . The name and emblem comes from the waratah , the state flower for New South Wales . Until 2019 , their home ground was Sydney Football Stadium in Sydney . With this closed for demolition and rebuilding , in 2019 home games will be played at the Sydney Cricket Ground and Western Sydney Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Cricket Ground', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground', 'summary': 'The Sydney Cricket Ground ( SCG ) is a sports stadium in Sydney , Australia . It is used for Test , One Day International and Twenty20 cricket , as well as Australian rules football , rugby league football , rugby union , and association football . It is the home ground for the New South Wales Blues cricket team , the Sydney Sixers of the Big Bash League and the Sydney Swans of the Australian Football League . It is also the temporary home of the Sydney Roosters of the National Rugby League and the NSW Waratahs of Super Rugby , during the redevelopment of the Sydney Football Stadium . It is owned and operated by the Sydney Cricket Ground Trust . Until the 44,000 seat Sydney Football Stadium opened in 1988 , the Sydney Cricket Ground was the major rugby league venue in Sydney .'}]}, {'value': '3-25', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Queensland Reds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queensland_Reds', 'summary': "The Queensland Reds is the rugby union team for the Australian state of Queensland that competes in the Southern Hemisphere 's Super Rugby competition . Prior to 1996 they were a representative team selected from the rugby union club competitions in Queensland . With the introduction of the professional Super 12 competition they moved to a model where players are contracted to the Reds through the Queensland Rugby Union rather than selected on the basis of club form . From 1996 to 2005 they were one of three Australian teams competing in the Super 12 competition , alongside the New South Wales Waratahs and the ACT Brumbies . Queensland finished as minor premiers in 1996 and 1999 . From 2006 to 2010 , they competed in the expanded Super 14 competition as one of four Australian sides . Beginning in 2011 , they are one of five Australian sides in the expanded and renamed Super Rugby , winning the competition in its first season in its new format . In 2012 they finished first in the Australian conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Brisbane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane', 'summary': "Brisbane ( /ˈbrɪzbən/ ( listen ) ) is the capital of and the most populated city in the Australian state of Queensland , and the third most populous city in Australia . Brisbane 's metropolitan area has a population of approximately 2.5 million , and the South East Queensland metropolitan region , centred on Brisbane , encompasses a population of more than 3.6 million . [ failed verification ] The Brisbane central business district stands on the historic European settlement and is situated inside a peninsula of the Brisbane River , about 15 kilometres ( 9 miles ) from its mouth at Moreton Bay , a bay of the Coral Sea . The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges . It sprawls across several of Australia 's most populous local government areas ( LGAs ) - most centrally the City of Brisbane , which is by far the most populous LGA in the nation . The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite , whilst common nicknames include Brissy , River City and Brisvegas . One of the oldest cities in Australia , Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples . Named after the Brisbane River on which it is located - which in turn takes its name from Sir Thomas Brisbane , the Governor of New South Wales at the time of the city 's founding - the area was chosen as a place for secondary offenders from the Sydney Colony . A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe , 28 kilometres ( 17 mi ) north of the central business district , but was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825 , opening to free settlement in 1842 . Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859 . During World War II , Brisbane played a central role in the Allied campaign and served as the South West Pacific headquarters for United States Army General Douglas MacArthur . A diverse city with 32.2% of its metropolitan population being foreign born , Brisbane is ranked as a world city , and ranks highly in ratings of livable cities ."}]}, {'value': 'Exhibition Ground', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane_Exhibition_Ground', 'summary': 'Brisbane Showgrounds ( formerly known as the Brisbane Exhibition Ground ) is located at 600 Gregory Terrace , Bowen Hills , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia and was established in 1875 . It hosts almost 300 events each year , with the largest being the Royal Queensland Show ( Ekka ) . The Brisbane Showgrounds was designed by Claude William Chambers and built by Walls & Juster . It is also referred to as the RNA Showgrounds , Ekka Grounds , National Agricultural and Industrial Association of Queensland Exhibition Grounds , Royal National Agricultural and Industrial Association of Queensland Exhibition Grounds/Show Grounds , and Royal Queensland Showgrounds . It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 July 2003 . The Brisbane Showgrounds is owned and operated by The Royal National Agricultural and Industrial Association of Queensland . Over 10 days in August , it hosts the Ekka show . Throughout the rest of the year , other events can hire spaces in the Brisbane Showgrounds .'}]}, {'value': '14-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Queensland Reds 2nd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queensland_Reds', 'summary': "The Queensland Reds is the rugby union team for the Australian state of Queensland that competes in the Southern Hemisphere 's Super Rugby competition . Prior to 1996 they were a representative team selected from the rugby union club competitions in Queensland . With the introduction of the professional Super 12 competition they moved to a model where players are contracted to the Reds through the Queensland Rugby Union rather than selected on the basis of club form . From 1996 to 2005 they were one of three Australian teams competing in the Super 12 competition , alongside the New South Wales Waratahs and the ACT Brumbies . Queensland finished as minor premiers in 1996 and 1999 . From 2006 to 2010 , they competed in the expanded Super 14 competition as one of four Australian sides . Beginning in 2011 , they are one of five Australian sides in the expanded and renamed Super Rugby , winning the competition in its first season in its new format . In 2012 they finished first in the Australian conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Brisbane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane', 'summary': "Brisbane ( /ˈbrɪzbən/ ( listen ) ) is the capital of and the most populated city in the Australian state of Queensland , and the third most populous city in Australia . Brisbane 's metropolitan area has a population of approximately 2.5 million , and the South East Queensland metropolitan region , centred on Brisbane , encompasses a population of more than 3.6 million . [ failed verification ] The Brisbane central business district stands on the historic European settlement and is situated inside a peninsula of the Brisbane River , about 15 kilometres ( 9 miles ) from its mouth at Moreton Bay , a bay of the Coral Sea . The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges . It sprawls across several of Australia 's most populous local government areas ( LGAs ) - most centrally the City of Brisbane , which is by far the most populous LGA in the nation . The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite , whilst common nicknames include Brissy , River City and Brisvegas . One of the oldest cities in Australia , Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples . Named after the Brisbane River on which it is located - which in turn takes its name from Sir Thomas Brisbane , the Governor of New South Wales at the time of the city 's founding - the area was chosen as a place for secondary offenders from the Sydney Colony . A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe , 28 kilometres ( 17 mi ) north of the central business district , but was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825 , opening to free settlement in 1842 . Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859 . During World War II , Brisbane played a central role in the Allied campaign and served as the South West Pacific headquarters for United States Army General Douglas MacArthur . A diverse city with 32.2% of its metropolitan population being foreign born , Brisbane is ranked as a world city , and ranks highly in ratings of livable cities ."}]}, {'value': 'Exhibition Ground', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane_Exhibition_Ground', 'summary': 'Brisbane Showgrounds ( formerly known as the Brisbane Exhibition Ground ) is located at 600 Gregory Terrace , Bowen Hills , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia and was established in 1875 . It hosts almost 300 events each year , with the largest being the Royal Queensland Show ( Ekka ) . The Brisbane Showgrounds was designed by Claude William Chambers and built by Walls & Juster . It is also referred to as the RNA Showgrounds , Ekka Grounds , National Agricultural and Industrial Association of Queensland Exhibition Grounds , Royal National Agricultural and Industrial Association of Queensland Exhibition Grounds/Show Grounds , and Royal Queensland Showgrounds . It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 July 2003 . The Brisbane Showgrounds is owned and operated by The Royal National Agricultural and Industrial Association of Queensland . Over 10 days in August , it hosts the Ekka show . Throughout the rest of the year , other events can hire spaces in the Brisbane Showgrounds .'}]}, {'value': '6-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Queensland Reds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queensland_Reds', 'summary': "The Queensland Reds is the rugby union team for the Australian state of Queensland that competes in the Southern Hemisphere 's Super Rugby competition . Prior to 1996 they were a representative team selected from the rugby union club competitions in Queensland . With the introduction of the professional Super 12 competition they moved to a model where players are contracted to the Reds through the Queensland Rugby Union rather than selected on the basis of club form . From 1996 to 2005 they were one of three Australian teams competing in the Super 12 competition , alongside the New South Wales Waratahs and the ACT Brumbies . Queensland finished as minor premiers in 1996 and 1999 . From 2006 to 2010 , they competed in the expanded Super 14 competition as one of four Australian sides . Beginning in 2011 , they are one of five Australian sides in the expanded and renamed Super Rugby , winning the competition in its first season in its new format . In 2012 they finished first in the Australian conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Brisbane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane', 'summary': "Brisbane ( /ˈbrɪzbən/ ( listen ) ) is the capital of and the most populated city in the Australian state of Queensland , and the third most populous city in Australia . Brisbane 's metropolitan area has a population of approximately 2.5 million , and the South East Queensland metropolitan region , centred on Brisbane , encompasses a population of more than 3.6 million . [ failed verification ] The Brisbane central business district stands on the historic European settlement and is situated inside a peninsula of the Brisbane River , about 15 kilometres ( 9 miles ) from its mouth at Moreton Bay , a bay of the Coral Sea . The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges . It sprawls across several of Australia 's most populous local government areas ( LGAs ) - most centrally the City of Brisbane , which is by far the most populous LGA in the nation . The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite , whilst common nicknames include Brissy , River City and Brisvegas . One of the oldest cities in Australia , Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples . Named after the Brisbane River on which it is located - which in turn takes its name from Sir Thomas Brisbane , the Governor of New South Wales at the time of the city 's founding - the area was chosen as a place for secondary offenders from the Sydney Colony . A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe , 28 kilometres ( 17 mi ) north of the central business district , but was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825 , opening to free settlement in 1842 . Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859 . During World War II , Brisbane played a central role in the Allied campaign and served as the South West Pacific headquarters for United States Army General Douglas MacArthur . A diverse city with 32.2% of its metropolitan population being foreign born , Brisbane is ranked as a world city , and ranks highly in ratings of livable cities ."}]}, {'value': 'Exhibition Ground', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane_Exhibition_Ground', 'summary': 'Brisbane Showgrounds ( formerly known as the Brisbane Exhibition Ground ) is located at 600 Gregory Terrace , Bowen Hills , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia and was established in 1875 . It hosts almost 300 events each year , with the largest being the Royal Queensland Show ( Ekka ) . The Brisbane Showgrounds was designed by Claude William Chambers and built by Walls & Juster . It is also referred to as the RNA Showgrounds , Ekka Grounds , National Agricultural and Industrial Association of Queensland Exhibition Grounds , Royal National Agricultural and Industrial Association of Queensland Exhibition Grounds/Show Grounds , and Royal Queensland Showgrounds . It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 July 2003 . The Brisbane Showgrounds is owned and operated by The Royal National Agricultural and Industrial Association of Queensland . Over 10 days in August , it hosts the Ekka show . Throughout the rest of the year , other events can hire spaces in the Brisbane Showgrounds .'}]}, {'value': '36-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Western District', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bathurst', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bathurst,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': "Bathurst /ˈbæθərst/ is a city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales , Australia . It is about 200 kilometres ( 120 mi ) west-northwest of Sydney and is the seat of the Bathurst Regional Council . Bathurst is the oldest inland settlement in Australia and had a population of 36,801 at June 2018 . Bathurst is often referred to as the Gold Country as it was the site of the first gold discovery and where the first gold rush occurred in Australia . Bathurst is the second oldest inland city behind Goulburn as stated by historian Oscar Cunningham . Today education , tourism and manufacturing drive the economy . The internationally known racetrack Mount Panorama is a landmark of the city . Bathurst has a historic city centre with many ornate buildings remaining from the gold rush period of the mid to late 19th century . The median age of the city 's population is 35 years ; which is particularly young for a regional centre ( the state median is 38 ) , and is related to the large education sector in the community . Population growth has reached 1.6% per annum over the five years until 2010 , making Bathurst the seventh fastest growing regional city in New South Wales . This growth over recent years has resulted in increased urban development including retail precincts , sporting facilities , housing estates and expanding industrial areas ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24-5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NSW Waratahs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_South_Wales_Waratahs', 'summary': 'The New South Wales Waratahs ( /ˈwɒrətɑːz/ or /ˌwɒrəˈtɑːz/ ; referred to as the Waratahs , are an Australian rugby union team representing the majority of New South Wales in the Super Rugby competition . The Riverina and other southern parts of the state , are represented by the Brumbies , who are based in Canberra , Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) . The Waratahs name has historically been the name for the New South Wales Rugby Union ( NSWRU ) representative team , and became the name for the New South Wales team when it entered the Super Six , Super 10 and Super 12 competitions . The name and emblem comes from the waratah , the state flower for New South Wales . Until 2019 , their home ground was Sydney Football Stadium in Sydney . With this closed for demolition and rebuilding , in 2019 home games will be played at the Sydney Cricket Ground and Western Sydney Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Cricket Ground', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground', 'summary': 'The Sydney Cricket Ground ( SCG ) is a sports stadium in Sydney , Australia . It is used for Test , One Day International and Twenty20 cricket , as well as Australian rules football , rugby league football , rugby union , and association football . It is the home ground for the New South Wales Blues cricket team , the Sydney Sixers of the Big Bash League and the Sydney Swans of the Australian Football League . It is also the temporary home of the Sydney Roosters of the National Rugby League and the NSW Waratahs of Super Rugby , during the redevelopment of the Sydney Football Stadium . It is owned and operated by the Sydney Cricket Ground Trust . Until the 44,000 seat Sydney Football Stadium opened in 1988 , the Sydney Cricket Ground was the major rugby league venue in Sydney .'}]}, {'value': '16-0', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Match summary', 'section_text': "Complete list of matches played by New Zealand in Australia : [ 2 ] A series of sketches published in The Queenslander of one of New Zealand 's matches against Queensland", 'uid': '1893_New_Zealand_rugby_union_tour_of_Australia_1', 'intro': 'The 1893 New Zealand tour rugby to Australia was the second tour by the New Zealand national rugby union team to Australia. Ten matches were played against regional and district sides, but no Test matches were played. It was first tour arranged by New Zealand Rugby Football Union which was founded the year before. The only previous New Zealand national team was the side that toured New South Wales in 1884. Immediately before departing for Sydney, the tourists played a match against a Combined XV in Wellington, which New Zealand won 7-4.'}	null	null	How many suburbs does the city have that has a venue where Michael Jackson performed ?	658
09e2627867bd806d	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Historic_Sites_of_Japan_(Saga)', 'title': 'List of Historic Sites of Japan (Saga)', 'header': ['Site', 'Municipality', 'Ref'], 'data': [{'value': 'Funazuka 船塚 Funazuka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saga,_Saga', 'summary': 'Saga ( 佐賀市 , Saga-shi , Japanese : [ saꜜɡa ] ) is the capital city of Saga Prefecture , located on the island of Kyushu , Japan . Saga was the capital of Saga Domain in the Edo period , and largest city of former Hizen Province . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city has an estimated population of 233,546 and a population density of 541 persons per km² . The total area is 431.84 km² . On October 1 , 2005 , Saga absorbed the towns of Fuji , Morodomi and Yamato ( all from Saga District ) and the village of Mitsuse ( from Kanzaki District ) to create the new and expanded city of Saga . With this creation , the city now neighbors the city of Fukuoka ( in Fukuoka Prefecture ) . On October 1 , 2007 the towns of Higashiyoka , Kawasoe , and Kubota ( all from Saga District ) were also incorporated into Saga , further expanding its borders . Although Saga is the capital of Saga Prefecture , it can also be said to be within the Greater Fukuoka metropolitan area , and by extension , Fukuoka-Kitakyushu Metropolitan Area .'}]}, {'value': '[ 26 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Isezuka 伊勢塚 Isezuka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kanzaki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanzaki,_Saga', 'summary': 'Kanzaki ( 神埼市 , Kanzaki-shi ) is a city located in Saga Prefecture , Japan .'}]}, {'value': '[ 27 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Udono Stone Buddhas 鵜殿石仏群 Udono sekibutsu-gun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karatsu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karatsu,_Saga', 'summary': 'Karatsu ( 唐津市 , Karatsu-shi ) is a city located in Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu , Japan . Its name , formed from the Japanese word roots 唐 kara ( China , or continental East Asia in general ) , and 津 tsu ( port ) , signifies its historical importance as an ancient trading port between Japan with China and Korea . The central area of Karatsu , which does not include the former cities and villages of Higashimatsuura District , has a population of 78,386 . As of October 1 , 2016 , the city has an estimated population of 121,684 and a population density of 250 persons per km² . The total area is 487.42 km² . On January 1 , 2005 , the towns of Chinzei , Hamatama , Hizen , Kyūragi , Ōchi and Yobuko . and the village of Kitahata ( all from Higashimatsuura District ) were merged into Karatsu . On January 1 , 2006 , the village of Nanayama ( from Higashimatsuura District ) was merged into Karatsu .'}]}, {'value': '[ 28 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daiganji Haiji Site 大願寺廃寺跡 Daiganji Haiji ato', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saga,_Saga', 'summary': 'Saga ( 佐賀市 , Saga-shi , Japanese : [ saꜜɡa ] ) is the capital city of Saga Prefecture , located on the island of Kyushu , Japan . Saga was the capital of Saga Domain in the Edo period , and largest city of former Hizen Province . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city has an estimated population of 233,546 and a population density of 541 persons per km² . The total area is 431.84 km² . On October 1 , 2005 , Saga absorbed the towns of Fuji , Morodomi and Yamato ( all from Saga District ) and the village of Mitsuse ( from Kanzaki District ) to create the new and expanded city of Saga . With this creation , the city now neighbors the city of Fukuoka ( in Fukuoka Prefecture ) . On October 1 , 2007 the towns of Higashiyoka , Kawasoe , and Kubota ( all from Saga District ) were also incorporated into Saga , further expanding its borders . Although Saga is the capital of Saga Prefecture , it can also be said to be within the Greater Fukuoka metropolitan area , and by extension , Fukuoka-Kitakyushu Metropolitan Area .'}]}, {'value': '[ 29 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Teraura Haiji Pagoda Site and Foundation Stones 寺浦廃寺塔跡ならびに礎石 Teraura Haiji tō ato narabini soseki', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ogi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ogi,_Saga', 'summary': 'Ogi ( 小城市 , Ogi-shi ) is a city located in the central part of Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu , Japan . As of February 28 , 2017 , the city has an estimated population of 45,638 and a population density of 480 persons per km² . The total area is 95.85 km² . The modern city of Ogi was established on March 3 , 2005 , from the merger of the former town of Ogi , absorbing the towns of Ashikari , Mikatsuki and Ushizu ( all from Ogi District ) . Ogi District was dissolved as a result of this merger . It has gradually come to be known as the city with the highest consumption of yōkan in Japan .'}]}, {'value': '[ 30 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sekigyōmaru Kofun 関行丸古墳 Sekigyōmaru kofun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saga,_Saga', 'summary': 'Saga ( 佐賀市 , Saga-shi , Japanese : [ saꜜɡa ] ) is the capital city of Saga Prefecture , located on the island of Kyushu , Japan . Saga was the capital of Saga Domain in the Edo period , and largest city of former Hizen Province . As of June 1 , 2019 , the city has an estimated population of 233,546 and a population density of 541 persons per km² . The total area is 431.84 km² . On October 1 , 2005 , Saga absorbed the towns of Fuji , Morodomi and Yamato ( all from Saga District ) and the village of Mitsuse ( from Kanzaki District ) to create the new and expanded city of Saga . With this creation , the city now neighbors the city of Fukuoka ( in Fukuoka Prefecture ) . On October 1 , 2007 the towns of Higashiyoka , Kawasoe , and Kubota ( all from Saga District ) were also incorporated into Saga , further expanding its borders . Although Saga is the capital of Saga Prefecture , it can also be said to be within the Greater Fukuoka metropolitan area , and by extension , Fukuoka-Kitakyushu Metropolitan Area .'}]}, {'value': '[ 31 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shimadazuka 島田塚 Shimadazuka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karatsu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karatsu,_Saga', 'summary': 'Karatsu ( 唐津市 , Karatsu-shi ) is a city located in Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu , Japan . Its name , formed from the Japanese word roots 唐 kara ( China , or continental East Asia in general ) , and 津 tsu ( port ) , signifies its historical importance as an ancient trading port between Japan with China and Korea . The central area of Karatsu , which does not include the former cities and villages of Higashimatsuura District , has a population of 78,386 . As of October 1 , 2016 , the city has an estimated population of 121,684 and a population density of 250 persons per km² . The total area is 487.42 km² . On January 1 , 2005 , the towns of Chinzei , Hamatama , Hizen , Kyūragi , Ōchi and Yobuko . and the village of Kitahata ( all from Higashimatsuura District ) were merged into Karatsu . On January 1 , 2006 , the village of Nanayama ( from Higashimatsuura District ) was merged into Karatsu .'}]}, {'value': '[ 32 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Itō Genboku Former Residence 伊東玄朴旧宅 Itō Genboku kyūtaku', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Itō_Genboku', 'summary': "Itō Genboku ( 伊東玄朴 , 11 February 1801 - 2 January 1871 ) was a Japanese surgeon and Rangaku expert living during the late Edo period and early Meiji era . He was the first surgeon to give a cowpox vaccine in Japan , between 1858 and 1860 . Itō Genboku 's offices were later expanded into the foundations of the incipient University of Tokyo Institute of Medical Science ."}]}, {'value': 'Kanzaki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanzaki,_Saga', 'summary': 'Kanzaki ( 神埼市 , Kanzaki-shi ) is a city located in Saga Prefecture , Japan .'}]}, {'value': '[ 33 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Himekata Site 姫方遺跡（雌塚、方形周溝墓、環状列石土壙墓） Himekata iseki ( Mezuka , hōkeishū-kōbo , retsujō resseki dokōbo )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miyaki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miyaki,_Saga', 'summary': 'Miyaki ( みやき町 , Miyaki-chō ) is a town in Miyaki District , Saga Prefecture , Japan . It is the first town in Saga to have its name spelled in hiragana rather than kanji . It is named after the district it is located in .'}]}, {'value': '[ 34 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tsurugizuka 剣塚 Tsurugizuka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tosu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tosu,_Saga', 'summary': 'Tosu ( 鳥栖市 , Tosu-shi ) is a city located in the eastern part of Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu , Japan . As of February 28 , 2017 , the city has an estimated population of 72,755 and a population density of 1,000 persons per km2 . The total area is 71.73 km2 .'}]}, {'value': '[ 35 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Koshindōzuka 庚申堂塚 Koshindōzuka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tosu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tosu,_Saga', 'summary': 'Tosu ( 鳥栖市 , Tosu-shi ) is a city located in the eastern part of Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu , Japan . As of February 28 , 2017 , the city has an estimated population of 72,755 and a population density of 1,000 persons per km2 . The total area is 71.73 km2 .'}]}, {'value': '[ 36 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kojima Kofun 小島古墳 Kojima kofun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Imari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Imari,_Saga', 'summary': "Imari ( 伊万里市 , Imari-shi ) is a city located in Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu , Japan . Imari is most notable because of Imari porcelain , which is the European collectors ' name for Japanese porcelain wares made in the town of Arita , Saga Prefecture . The porcelain was exported from the port of Imari specifically for the European export trade . As of October 1 , 2016 , the city has an estimated population of 54,907 and a population density of 220 persons per km² . The total area is 254.99 km² ."}]}, {'value': '[ 37 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Himezuka 姫塚 Himezuka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ogi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ogi,_Saga', 'summary': 'Ogi ( 小城市 , Ogi-shi ) is a city located in the central part of Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu , Japan . As of February 28 , 2017 , the city has an estimated population of 45,638 and a population density of 480 persons per km² . The total area is 95.85 km² . The modern city of Ogi was established on March 3 , 2005 , from the merger of the former town of Ogi , absorbing the towns of Ashikari , Mikatsuki and Ushizu ( all from Ogi District ) . Ogi District was dissolved as a result of this merger . It has gradually come to be known as the city with the highest consumption of yōkan in Japan .'}]}, {'value': '[ 38 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryūōzaki Kofun Cluster 龍王崎古墳群 Ryūōzaki kofun-gun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shiroishi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shiroishi,_Saga', 'summary': 'Shiroishi ( 白石町 , Shiroishi-chō ) is a town located in Kishima District , Saga Prefecture , Japan . On January 1 , 2005 Shiroshi absorbed the towns of Fukudomi and Ariake , all from Kishima District , to become the new and expanded town of Shiroshi .'}]}, {'value': '[ 39 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Onizuka 鬼塚 Onizuka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kashima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kashima,_Saga', 'summary': 'Kashima ( 鹿島市 , Kashima-shi ) is a city located in the southern part of Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu , Japan . As of February 28 , 2017 , the city has an estimated population of 30,159 and a population density of 270 persons per km² . The total area is 112.10 km² .'}]}, {'value': '[ 40 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hoshirō Kiln Site 保四郎窯跡 Hoshirō kama ato', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taku', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taku,_Saga', 'summary': 'Taku ( 多久市 , Taku-shi ) is a city located in Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu , Japan . The city was founded on May 1 , 1954 through the merger of several towns and villages . As of March 1 , 2017 , the city has an estimated population of 19,202 and a population density of 200 persons per km² . The total area is 96.93 km² .'}]}, {'value': '[ 41 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shiomi Kofun 潮見古墳 Shiomi kofun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Takeo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Takeo,_Saga', 'summary': 'Takeo ( 武雄市 , Takeo-shi ) is a city located in Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu , Japan . In 2011 , the city government was the first in Japan to switch to using Facebook for its website . As of October 1 , 2016 , the city has an estimated population of 48,845 and a population density of 257 persons per km² . The total area is 195.44 km² . On March 1 , 2006 , the towns of Kitagata and Yamauchi ( both from Kishima District ) were merged into Takeo .'}]}, {'value': '[ 42 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yanoura Kofun 矢ノ浦古墳 Yanoura kofun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Takeo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Takeo,_Saga', 'summary': 'Takeo ( 武雄市 , Takeo-shi ) is a city located in Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu , Japan . In 2011 , the city government was the first in Japan to switch to using Facebook for its website . As of October 1 , 2016 , the city has an estimated population of 48,845 and a population density of 257 persons per km² . The total area is 195.44 km² . On March 1 , 2006 , the towns of Kitagata and Yamauchi ( both from Kishima District ) were merged into Takeo .'}]}, {'value': '[ 43 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tsutsue Kiln Site 筒江窯跡 Tsutsue kama ato', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Takeo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Takeo,_Saga', 'summary': 'Takeo ( 武雄市 , Takeo-shi ) is a city located in Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu , Japan . In 2011 , the city government was the first in Japan to switch to using Facebook for its website . As of October 1 , 2016 , the city has an estimated population of 48,845 and a population density of 257 persons per km² . The total area is 195.44 km² . On March 1 , 2006 , the towns of Kitagata and Yamauchi ( both from Kishima District ) were merged into Takeo .'}]}, {'value': '[ 44 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Futatsukayama-Gohondani Site 二塚山五本谷遺跡 Futatsukayama-Gohondani iseki', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kamimine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamimine,_Saga', 'summary': 'Kamimine ( 上峰町 , Kamimine-chō ) is a town located in Miyaki District , Saga Prefecture , Japan .'}]}, {'value': '[ 45 ]', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Prefectural Historic Sites', 'section_text': 'As of 1 August 2019 , forty-seven Sites have been designated as being of prefectural importance . [ 4 ] [ 25 ]', 'uid': 'List_of_Historic_Sites_of_Japan_(Saga)_1', 'intro': 'This list is of the Historic Sites of Japan located within the Prefecture of Saga.'}	null	null	Of the historic sites in Japan that have a reference number of [ 40 ] or higher , which one is in the municipality that is in the Miyaki District , Saga Prefecture ?	Futatsukayama-Gohondani Site
09e27715abf144e8	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Basketball_of_Michigan', 'title': 'Mr. Basketball of Michigan', 'header': ['Year', 'Winner', 'High school', 'University'], 'data': [{'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tim McCormick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_McCormick', 'summary': "Timothy Daniel McCormick ( born March 10 , 1962 ) is a retired American professional basketball player from Detroit , Michigan . He currently is a pre- and post-game analyst for the Detroit Pistons . A 6'11 center from the University of Michigan , McCormick played eight seasons ( 1984-1992 ) in the NBA as a member of the Seattle SuperSonics , Philadelphia 76ers , New Jersey Nets , Houston Rockets , Atlanta Hawks , and New York Knicks . He averaged 8.3 points per game and 4.9 rebounds per game . McCormick later became a basketball analyst for ESPN ."}]}, {'value': 'Clarkston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clarkston_High_School_(Michigan)', 'summary': "Clarkston High School is a high school located in Independence Township , Michigan . It is the only high school in both the township and the Clarkston Community Schools district . The school 's colors are blue and gold , and its team mascot and nickname is the Wolves . The four most recent incarnations of Clarkston High School , including the current building on Flemings Lake and Clarkston roads , are still standing . The school is 384,000 square feet ( 35,700 m2 ) in size and cost $ 56,569,952.00 upon total completion in 1999 . Clarkston High School is situated on a 110-acre ( 0.45 km2 ) campus that encompasses a 10,000 seat football stadium , two baseball and softball fields , eight tennis courts and an eight lane outdoor track . The inside of the school features a 1000-seat auditorium complete with stage , orchestra pit , balcony and set design center , a gymnasium capable of seating 3500 and an eight lane competition pool with seating for 500 spectators in the natatorium . The school houses nine computer labs . Each lab consists of at least twenty networked PCs . The total number of computers at the school is over 700 . Each classroom is also equipped with a large television/monitor that can be used to display the screen of the teacher 's computer or in-school television broadcasts . Classrooms are also equipped with digital projectors that can be connected to an instructor 's computer ."}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Michigan Wolverines Men 's Basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Michigan . The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The Wolverines play home basketball games at the Crisler Center in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Michigan has won one NCAA Championship as well as two National Invitation Tournaments ( NIT ) , fourteen Big Ten Conference titles and two Big Ten Tournament titles . In addition , it has won an NIT title and won a Big Ten Tournament that were vacated due to NCAA sanctions . The team is coached by Juwan Howard . Michigan has had 31 All-Americans , selected 44 times . Eight of these have been consensus All-Americans , which are Cazzie Russell ( two times ) , Rickey Green , Gary Grant , Chris Webber , Trey Burke , as well as Harry Kipke , Richard Doyle and Bennie Oosterbaan ( two-times ) who were retroactively selected by the Helms Foundation . Twelve All-Americans have been at least two-time honorees . Russell was the only three-time All-American . Michigan basketball players have been successful in professional basketball . Fifty-eight have been drafted into the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) ; twenty-six of those were first round draft picks , including both Cazzie Russell and Chris Webber who were drafted first overall ."}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jay Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jay_Smith_(basketball)', 'summary': "Jay Steven Smith ( born June 21 , 1961 ) is an American college basketball coach . He currently serves in an administrative role for the men 's basketball team at the University of Michigan . He was a former head coach at Grand Valley State University ( 1996-97 ) and Central Michigan University ( 1997-2006 ) . He has also been an assistant coach at the University of Michigan and the University of Detroit ."}]}, {'value': 'Mio AuSable High School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bowling Green , Saginaw Valley State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bowling_Green_Falcons_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Bowling Green Falcons men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represent Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green , Ohio . The school 's team currently competes in the Mid-American Conference . The team last played in the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament in 1968 . The Falcons are now coached by Michael Huger , their 17th head coach ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Saginaw_Valley_State_Cardinals', 'summary': 'The Saginaw Valley State Cardinals ( SVSU Cardinals ) are the athletic teams that represent Saginaw Valley State University , located in University Center , Michigan , in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sporting competitions . The Cardinals compete as members of the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference for all 16 varsity sports . The Cardinals have been members of the GLIAC since it was founded in 1972 .'}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trent Tucker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trent_Tucker', 'summary': 'Kelvin Trent Tucker ( born December 20 , 1959 ) is an American retired professional basketball player who played eleven seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . A 6 ft 5 in ( 1.96 m ) shooting guard , Tucker attended the University of Minnesota from 1978 to 1982 , leading them to a Big Ten Conference championship in his senior year . He was then selected by the New York Knicks with the 6th overall pick of the 1982 NBA draft . One of the earliest three-point specialists , Tucker represented the Knicks in the first ever Three-point Shootout ( 1986 ) , making it to the semifinals before being outpaced by Craig Hodges and eventual winner Larry Bird . Tucker would play nine seasons with the Knicks before joining the San Antonio Spurs in 1991 , and after one season with the Spurs he joined the Chicago Bulls , who won the 1993 NBA Championship . He retired after that season , having tallied 6,237 career points and 1,532 career assists .'}]}, {'value': 'Flint Northwestern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Flint_Northwestern_High_School', 'summary': 'Flint Northwestern High School was a high school in Flint , Michigan , United States that served grades nine through twelve . It was part of Flint Community Schools . In July 2018 , the campus was repurposed as Flint Junior High School , which serves grades seven and eight , while its former high school students were relocated to Flint Southwestern Academy .'}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "Minnesota Golden Gophers men 's basketball team represents the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus . The Golden Gophers have played in the Big Ten since the conference began sponsoring basketball in 1905 and play their home games in Williams Arena . The Gophers had great success in the early years of basketball , but have been largely overshadowed by other programs since the end of World War I . In total , the Gophers have won nine Big Ten championships , but only four since 1919 . College basketball research organizations have retroactively awarded Minnesota national championships in 1902 , 1903 , and 1919 . The team has also had several instances of NCAA sanctions on the program that have affected performance and recruiting . In the 1970s , the Gophers were in a violent brawl with the Ohio State Buckeyes and were barred from post-season appearances for two seasons after an incident involving the illegal resale of tickets . Still more severe was the mid-1990s academic scandal under then-coach Clem Haskins that resulted in the forfeit of a Final Four appearance ."}]}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earvin Magic Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earvin_Johnson', 'summary': "Earvin Magic Johnson Jr. ( born August 14 , 1959 ) is an American retired professional basketball player and former president of basketball operations of the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He played point guard for the Lakers for 13 seasons . After winning championships in high school and college , Johnson was selected first overall in the 1979 NBA draft by the Lakers . He won a championship and an NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award in his rookie season , and won four more championships with the Lakers during the 1980s . Johnson retired abruptly in 1991 after announcing that he had contracted HIV , but returned to play in the 1992 All-Star Game , winning the All-Star MVP Award . After protests from his fellow players , he retired again for four years , but returned in 1996 , at age 36 , to play 32 games for the Lakers before retiring for the third and final time . Johnson 's career achievements include three NBA MVP Awards , nine NBA Finals appearances , twelve All-Star games , and ten All-NBA First and Second Team nominations . He led the league in regular-season assists four times , and is the NBA 's all-time leader in average assists per game , at 11.2 . Johnson was a member of the 1992 United States men 's Olympic basketball team ( The Dream Team ) , which won the Olympic gold medal in 1992 . After leaving the NBA in 1992 , Johnson formed the Magic Johnson All-Stars , a barnstorming team that traveled around the world playing exhibition games . Johnson was honored as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996 . Johnson became a two-time inductee into the Basketball Hall of Fame - being enshrined in 2002 for his individual career , and again in 2010 as a member of the Dream Team ."}]}, {'value': 'Lansing Everett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Everett_High_School_(Michigan)', 'summary': 'Everett High School is a public high school located on the south side of Lansing , Michigan .'}]}, {'value': 'Michigan State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_State_Spartans_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Michigan State Spartans men 's basketball team represents Michigan State University ( MSU ) and compete in the Big Ten Conference of NCAA Division I College basketball . Their home games are played at the Breslin Student Events Center . Tom Izzo has been the head coach since 1995 . The Spartans have won two NCAA championships and 15 Big Ten Conference Championships . Their two National Championships came in the 1979 NCAA Tournament and the 2000 NCAA Tournament . The 1979 National Championship Game was the most watched college basketball game in history , with 35.11 million television viewers . The 1979 National Championship team was coached by Jud Heathcote and included tournament MVP Magic Johnson , Greg Kelser and Jay Vincent . The Spartans defeated the previously unbeaten Indiana State Sycamores , led by future Hall of Famer Larry Bird . The 2000 National Championship team defeated the Florida Gators men 's basketball team in the final . The team was coached by Tom Izzo and led by players Morris Peterson , Charlie Bell , Jason Richardson and tournament MVP Mateen Cleaves . The Spartans have participated in 33 NCAA tournaments and in 22 consecutive NCAA tournaments ( 1998-2019 ) , the fourth-longest streak ever and third-longest active streak in college basketball , behind Kansas ( 29 ) and Duke ( 23 ) . Michigan State has the sixth most all-time Final Four appearances with ten ( 1957 , 1979 , 1999 , 2000 , 2001 , 2005 , 2009 , 2010 , 2015 , and 2019 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stuart House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Detroit Denby', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Washington State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Washington_State_Cougars_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Washington State Cougars men 's basketball team represents Washington State University and competes in the Pac-12 Conference ( Pac-12 ) of NCAA Division I . The Cougars play their home games on campus in Pullman at Beasley Coliseum , which has a capacity of 11,566 ."}]}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bruce Flowers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Flowers', 'summary': 'Bruce Flowers ( born June 13 , 1957 ) is a former American professional basketball player . At a height of 2.04 m ( 6 ft 8 \u200b1⁄2 in ) tall , he played as a power forward . Flowers is one of the few American players to have won all three of the different major European titles during his playing era , meaning the EuroLeague , as well as the now defunct FIBA Saporta Cup and FIBA Korać Cup competitions .'}]}, {'value': 'Berkley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berkley_High_School', 'summary': "Berkley High School is a public high school in Berkley , Michigan . Berkley High 's colors are Maroon and Blue and the school 's mascot is a Bear . Berkley is well known for its college prep courses , high standardized test scores , and teachers and administrators . BHS offers 20+ Advanced Placement courses at its campus . Additional Advanced Placement courses and electives are available to students who elect to attend the Center for Advanced Studies and the Arts ( CASA ) , an afternoon consortium school run jointly by Berkley and six neighboring school districts . Their newspaper is The Spectator , which is a member of the High School National Ad Network . The principal is Andrew Meloche . The assistant principals are Carolyn Cregar and Shamika Womble . Berkley High School has been accredited by the Michigan North Central Association Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement since the 1928-29 school year . As of the 2012-13 school year , the school had an enrollment of 1,250 students and 74.6 classroom teachers ( on an FTE basis ) , for a student-teacher ratio of 18.1 . Berkley High School was named to Newsweeks 2013 list of 2,000 Best High Schools in the nation - ranked 22nd in Michigan . This ranking highlights the schools that have proven to be the most effective in turning out college-ready graduates ."}]}, {'value': 'Notre Dame', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Notre Dame Fighting Irish men 's basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame , Indiana , United States . The program competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I . On September 12 , 2012 , Notre Dame announced they would be moving to the Atlantic Coast Conference ; they joined the conference on July 1 , 2013 . The school holds two retroactively awarded national championships in basketball from the Helms Foundation : for the 1927 ( 19-1 overall record ) and 1936 ( 22-2-1 overall record ) seasons . They have also played in the NCAA Tournament 36 times , good for 9th all time , and reached the Final Four in 1978 . The Irish hold the record for most Tournament appearances without a championship or championship game appearance , one of five teams ( along with Texas , Temple , Illinois and Oklahoma ) to have 30 or more appearances without a title and one of three teams ( along with Texas and Temple ) to have more than 30 appearances without either . They are also the first Big East team to go undefeated at home two straight seasons . They play their home games in the Purcell Pavilion at the Edmund P. Joyce Center . Since moving to the Purcell Pavilion in 1968 , they have had 44 winning seasons at the Purcell Pavilion , including 5 undefeated seasons at home ( 1973 , 1985 , 2006 , 2007 , and 2010 ) and have had only 4 losing seasons at the Purcell Pavilion ( 1971 , 1981 , 1992 , and 1995 ) . Jeff Sagarin and ESPN listed the program 12th in the college basketball all-time rankings in the ESPN College Basketball Encyclopedia . The Fighting Irish are currently coached by Mike Brey ."}]}, {'value': '1974', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tony Smith', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saginaw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saginaw_High_School', 'summary': "Saginaw High School ( part of the Saginaw City School District ) is located in Saginaw , Michigan , USA . The student enrollment is 593 students . The school 's mission statement is Saginaw High is committed to ensuring a safe and academic environment where the students will become academically proficient , life long learners , and productive citizens ."}]}, {'value': 'Nevada-Las Vegas', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The UNLV Runnin ' Rebels are the mens basketball team that represent the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , in the Mountain West Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) ; it plays at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas . As of 2009 , UNLV had the fourth-highest winning percentage ( .712 ) in Division I history , ranking behind Kentucky , North Carolina and Kansas , but ahead of UCLA and Duke . UNLV is 33-19 all-time in the NCAA tournament with a 63.5 winning percentage . In July 2008 , ESPNU named the program the eighth most prestigious collegiate basketball program in the nation since the 1984-85 season ."}]}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tom LaGarde', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_LaGarde', 'summary': 'Thomas Joseph LaGarde ( born February 10 , 1955 ) is an American former professional basketball player . He played in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) from 1977 to 1985 . LaGarde earned a Gold medal as a member of Team USA in the 1976 Olympics , and an NBA Championship in 1979 with the Seattle Super Sonics .'}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Catholic Central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Detroit_Catholic_Central_High_School', 'summary': "Detroit Catholic Central High School , commonly known as Catholic Central ( CC ) , is a private , Catholic , all-male , college preparatory high school in Novi , Michigan , United States . Founded in 1928 in Detroit , Michigan by the Archdiocese of Detroit , the school is operated by the Congregation of St . Basil . The school was originally located on Harper Avenue in Detroit with an enrollment of 280 students ; the school has made several moves in its history and now has an enrollment of over 1,000 students at its 60-acre ( 240,000 m2 ) campus in Novi . Teach Me Goodness , Discipline , and Knowledge is the motto of the school in which it strives to prepare young men to become productive members of church and society . The schools mascot , the Shamrock , represents the three persons of the Trinity , as shamrocks have three clovers . The school colors , royal blue and white , are the colors of the school 's patron and alma mater - the Virgin Mary ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The North Carolina Tar Heels men 's basketball program is the intercollegiate men 's basketball team of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . The Tar Heels have won six Men 's Basketball National Championships ( 1957 , 1982 , 1993 , 2005 , 2009 , and 2017 ) . North Carolina 's six NCAA Tournament Championships are third-most all-time , behind University of California , Los Angeles ( 11 ) and University of Kentucky ( 8 ) . They have also won 18 Atlantic Coast Conference tournament titles , 32 Atlantic Coast Conference regular season titles , and an Atlantic Coast Conference record 20 outright Regular Season Championships . The program has produced many notable players who went on to play in the NBA , including three of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History : Billy Cunningham , Michael Jordan and James Worthy . Many Tar Heel assistant coaches have gone on to become head coaches elsewhere . From the Tar Heels ' first season in 1910-11 through the 2018-19 season , the program has amassed a .739 all-time winning percentage ( second highest all-time ) , winning 2,261 games and losing 799 games in 109 seasons . The Tar Heels also have the most consecutive 20-win seasons with 31 seasons from the 1970-71 season through the 2000-2001 season . On March 2 , 2010 , North Carolina became the second college basketball program to reach 2,000 wins in its history . The Tar Heels are currently ranked 3rd all time in wins trailing Kentucky by 34 games and Kansas by 13 games . The Tar Heels are one of only four Division I Men 's Basketball programs to have ever achieved 2,000 victories . Kentucky , Kansas , and Duke are the other three ."}]}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Larry Fogle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larry_Fogle', 'summary': 'Larry Fogle ( born March 19 , 1953 ) is a retired American basketball player . He was an American Basketball Association ( ABA ) and National Basketball Association ( NBA ) draft pick . He played in two games for the New York Knicks during 1975-1976 before playing for the CBA and starring on the Rochester Zeniths 1977-78 championship team .'}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Cooley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cooley_High_School', 'summary': 'Thomas M. Cooley High School is located at the intersection of Hubbell Avenue and Chalfonte Street , on the northwest side of Detroit , Michigan . The three-story , Mediterranean Revival-style facility opened its doors on September 4 , 1928 . The school was named in honor of Thomas M. Cooley , a nineteenth-century jurist and former Chief Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court . Cooley was also a charter member , and first chairman , of the Federal Interstate Commerce Commission . Due to budget constraints and declining enrollment , Cooley High School was closed at the end of the 2009-2010 academic year . On September 30 , 2017 , a fire severely damaged the auditorium and surrounding rooms .'}]}, {'value': 'Canisius', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Canisius_Golden_Griffins_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Canisius Golden Griffins men 's basketball team , or the Griffs , represent Canisius College in Buffalo , New York , United States . Canisius is a member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference and play their home games at Koessler Center . The head coach is Reggie Witherspoon ."}]}, {'value': '1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Campy Russell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Campy_Russell', 'summary': "Michael Campanella Campy Russell ( born January 12 , 1952 ) is an American former professional basketball player . He played the forward position in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) for the Cleveland Cavaliers and New York Knicks for nine years ( 1975-1982 , 1985 ) and played in the 1979 NBA All-Star Game . Before joining the NBA , Russell was a star player at the University of Michigan . Russell played three seasons at Michigan , and in his junior year he averaged 23.7 points per game . He was named an All American that year . During his All Star season in the NBA in 1978-1979 , Russell averaged 21.9 points , 6.8 rebounds and 4.7 assists per game for the Cavaliers . Today , Russell works in the Cavaliers ' front office as Director of Alumni Relations . He is also a co-host of the Cavaliers ' pregame and postgame show ( Cavaliers Live , alongside Jeff Phelps ) on FS Ohio ."}]}, {'value': 'Pontiac Central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pontiac_Central_High_School', 'summary': 'Pontiac Central High School was one of two public high schools in Pontiac , Michigan , United States . It had been an accredited high school from 1849 until its closing on June 12 , 2009 . By December 2008 administrators had plans to consolidate it with Pontiac Northern High School to form Pontiac High School . Until 1958 , the school was known as Pontiac High School ; it took on its final name upon the opening of Pontiac Northern High School , where the current Pontiac High School stands . The final incarnation of Pontiac Central , a precast concrete building , was built in 1972 , replacing a brick building built in 1913 .'}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Michigan Wolverines Men 's Basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Michigan . The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The Wolverines play home basketball games at the Crisler Center in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Michigan has won one NCAA Championship as well as two National Invitation Tournaments ( NIT ) , fourteen Big Ten Conference titles and two Big Ten Tournament titles . In addition , it has won an NIT title and won a Big Ten Tournament that were vacated due to NCAA sanctions . The team is coached by Juwan Howard . Michigan has had 31 All-Americans , selected 44 times . Eight of these have been consensus All-Americans , which are Cazzie Russell ( two times ) , Rickey Green , Gary Grant , Chris Webber , Trey Burke , as well as Harry Kipke , Richard Doyle and Bennie Oosterbaan ( two-times ) who were retroactively selected by the Helms Foundation . Twelve All-Americans have been at least two-time honorees . Russell was the only three-time All-American . Michigan basketball players have been successful in professional basketball . Fifty-eight have been drafted into the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) ; twenty-six of those were first round draft picks , including both Cazzie Russell and Chris Webber who were drafted first overall ."}]}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rick Drewitz', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garden City West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garden_City_High_School_(Michigan)', 'summary': 'Garden City High School is a public high school located in Garden City , Michigan , United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Kentucky', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Kentucky_Wildcats_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Kentucky Wildcats men 's basketball team is an American college basketball team that represents the University of Kentucky . Kentucky is the most successful NCAA Division I basketball program in history in terms of both all-time wins ( 2,293 ) and all-time winning percentage ( .765 ) . The Wildcats are currently coached by John Calipari . Kentucky leads all schools in total NCAA tournament appearances ( 59 ) , NCAA tournament wins ( 131 ) , NCAA Tournament games played ( 184 ) , NCAA Sweet Sixteen appearances ( 45 ) , NCAA Elite Eight appearances ( 38 ) , and total postseason tournament appearances ( 68 ) . Further , Kentucky has played in 17 NCAA Final Fours ( tied for 2nd place all-time with UCLA ) , 12 NCAA Championship games , and has won 8 NCAA championships ( second only to UCLA 's 11 ) . In addition to these titles , Kentucky won the National Invitation Tournament ( NIT ) in both 1946 and 1976 , making it the only school to win multiple NCAA and NIT championships . Kentucky also leads all schools with sixty-three 20-win seasons , sixteen 30-win seasons , and six 35-win seasons . Throughout its history , the Kentucky basketball program has featured many notable and successful players , both on the collegiate level and the professional level . Kentucky holds the record for the most overall NBA Draft selections ( 128 ) and three Wildcats have been selected as the first overall pick ( John Wall , Anthony Davis , and Karl Anthony-Towns ) . The Wildcats have also been led by many successful head coaches , including Adolph Rupp , Joe B . Hall , Eddie Sutton , Rick Pitino , Tubby Smith , and John Calipari . Kentucky is the only program with 5 different NCAA Championship coaches ( Rupp , Hall , Pitino , Smith , Calipari ) ."}]}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ernie Johnson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grand Rapids Ottawa Hills', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ottawa_Hills_High_School_(Michigan)', 'summary': 'Ottawa Hills High School is a high school in Grand Rapids , Michigan . Ottawa Hills is one of five high schools of the Grand Rapids Public Schools . The school colors are orange and black , and the athletic teams are referred to as the Bengals . They were previously referred to as the Indians .'}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Michigan Wolverines Men 's Basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Michigan . The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The Wolverines play home basketball games at the Crisler Center in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Michigan has won one NCAA Championship as well as two National Invitation Tournaments ( NIT ) , fourteen Big Ten Conference titles and two Big Ten Tournament titles . In addition , it has won an NIT title and won a Big Ten Tournament that were vacated due to NCAA sanctions . The team is coached by Juwan Howard . Michigan has had 31 All-Americans , selected 44 times . Eight of these have been consensus All-Americans , which are Cazzie Russell ( two times ) , Rickey Green , Gary Grant , Chris Webber , Trey Burke , as well as Harry Kipke , Richard Doyle and Bennie Oosterbaan ( two-times ) who were retroactively selected by the Helms Foundation . Twelve All-Americans have been at least two-time honorees . Russell was the only three-time All-American . Michigan basketball players have been successful in professional basketball . Fifty-eight have been drafted into the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) ; twenty-six of those were first round draft picks , including both Cazzie Russell and Chris Webber who were drafted first overall ."}]}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ralph Simpson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ralph_Simpson', 'summary': 'Ralph Derek Simpson ( born August 10 , 1949 ) is a retired American basketball player . He played professionally in the American Basketball Association ( ABA ) and National Basketball Association ( NBA ) from 1970 to 1980 .'}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Pershing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pershing_High_School', 'summary': 'John J. Pershing High School is a public high school in Detroit , Michigan , United States . It is a part of Detroit Public Schools . It is in Conant Gardens , in proximity to the residential areas . It also serves Krainz Woods . DPS will re-assume control of Pershing High in fall 2017 . [ needs update ] In 2012 Kettering High School closed , and some students were rezoned to Pershing . The school is currently managed by the Education Achievement Authority ( EAA ) , which took over control of the school in 2012 . In 2014 a teacher used a broom to attempt to break up a fight between two students ; as a result , she was fired by the EAA . A video of the fight had been posted online . Later the EAA offered her back a job , but she declined , and in 2015 she sued the EAA in federal court .'}]}, {'value': 'Michigan State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_State_Spartans_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Michigan State Spartans men 's basketball team represents Michigan State University ( MSU ) and compete in the Big Ten Conference of NCAA Division I College basketball . Their home games are played at the Breslin Student Events Center . Tom Izzo has been the head coach since 1995 . The Spartans have won two NCAA championships and 15 Big Ten Conference Championships . Their two National Championships came in the 1979 NCAA Tournament and the 2000 NCAA Tournament . The 1979 National Championship Game was the most watched college basketball game in history , with 35.11 million television viewers . The 1979 National Championship team was coached by Jud Heathcote and included tournament MVP Magic Johnson , Greg Kelser and Jay Vincent . The Spartans defeated the previously unbeaten Indiana State Sycamores , led by future Hall of Famer Larry Bird . The 2000 National Championship team defeated the Florida Gators men 's basketball team in the final . The team was coached by Tom Izzo and led by players Morris Peterson , Charlie Bell , Jason Richardson and tournament MVP Mateen Cleaves . The Spartans have participated in 33 NCAA tournaments and in 22 consecutive NCAA tournaments ( 1998-2019 ) , the fourth-longest streak ever and third-longest active streak in college basketball , behind Kansas ( 29 ) and Duke ( 23 ) . Michigan State has the sixth most all-time Final Four appearances with ten ( 1957 , 1979 , 1999 , 2000 , 2001 , 2005 , 2009 , 2010 , 2015 , and 2019 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spencer Haywood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spencer_Haywood', 'summary': 'Spencer Haywood ( born April 22 , 1949 ) is an American former professional basketball player and Olympic Gold Medalist . Haywood is a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame , being inducted in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Pershing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pershing_High_School', 'summary': 'John J. Pershing High School is a public high school in Detroit , Michigan , United States . It is a part of Detroit Public Schools . It is in Conant Gardens , in proximity to the residential areas . It also serves Krainz Woods . DPS will re-assume control of Pershing High in fall 2017 . [ needs update ] In 2012 Kettering High School closed , and some students were rezoned to Pershing . The school is currently managed by the Education Achievement Authority ( EAA ) , which took over control of the school in 2012 . In 2014 a teacher used a broom to attempt to break up a fight between two students ; as a result , she was fired by the EAA . A video of the fight had been posted online . Later the EAA offered her back a job , but she declined , and in 2015 she sued the EAA in federal court .'}]}, {'value': 'University of Detroit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Detroit_Mercy', 'summary': 'The University of Detroit Mercy ( UDM ) is a private , Roman Catholic university in Detroit , Michigan , sponsored by both the Society of Jesus ( the Jesuits ) and the Religious Sisters of Mercy . Founded in 1877 , it is the largest Catholic university in Michigan . It has three campuses , where it offers more than a hundred academic degrees and programs of study in liberal arts , clinical psychology , business , dentistry , education , law , engineering , architecture , nursing and allied health professions . In athletics , the university sponsors 19 NCAA Division I level varsity sports for men and women . It is a member of the Horizon League .'}]}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rudy Tomjanovich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rudy_Tomjanovich', 'summary': "Rudolph Tomjanovich Jr. ( born November 24 , 1948 ) is an American retired basketball player and coach . Tomjanovich coached the Houston Rockets to consecutive NBA championships in 1994 and 1995 . During his playing career , Tomjanovich was a five-time NBA All-Star forward for the Rockets . Tomjanovich coached Team USA to the gold medal in men 's basketball at the 2000 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Hamtramck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hamtramck_High_School', 'summary': 'Hamtramck High School is a public high school in Hamtramck , Michigan , United States in Metro Detroit . It is a part of Hamtramck Public Schools .'}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Michigan Wolverines Men 's Basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Michigan . The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The Wolverines play home basketball games at the Crisler Center in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Michigan has won one NCAA Championship as well as two National Invitation Tournaments ( NIT ) , fourteen Big Ten Conference titles and two Big Ten Tournament titles . In addition , it has won an NIT title and won a Big Ten Tournament that were vacated due to NCAA sanctions . The team is coached by Juwan Howard . Michigan has had 31 All-Americans , selected 44 times . Eight of these have been consensus All-Americans , which are Cazzie Russell ( two times ) , Rickey Green , Gary Grant , Chris Webber , Trey Burke , as well as Harry Kipke , Richard Doyle and Bennie Oosterbaan ( two-times ) who were retroactively selected by the Helms Foundation . Twelve All-Americans have been at least two-time honorees . Russell was the only three-time All-American . Michigan basketball players have been successful in professional basketball . Fifty-eight have been drafted into the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) ; twenty-six of those were first round draft picks , including both Cazzie Russell and Chris Webber who were drafted first overall ."}]}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'L. C. Bowen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benton Harbor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benton_Harbor_High_School', 'summary': 'Benton Harbor High School is a high school in Benton Harbor , Michigan , United States , and is part of the Benton Harbor Area Schools .'}]}, {'value': 'Bradley', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bradley_Braves_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Bradley Braves men 's basketball team represents Bradley University , located in Peoria , Illinois , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . They compete as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference . The Braves are currently coached by Brian Wardle and play their home games at Carver Arena . Bradley has appeared in nine NCAA Tournaments , including two Final Fours , finishing as the national runner-up in 1950 and 1954 . They last appeared in the NCAA Tournament in 2019 , and last reached the NCAA Sweet Sixteen in 2006 . The Braves have also appeared in the National Invitation Tournament 21 times with an all-time NIT record of 26-18 and have won four NIT championships ( 1957 , 1960 , 1964 , and 1982 ) , second only to St. John 's in appearances ( 30 ) and titles ( 5 ) . Until the introduction of the Vegas 16 Tournament in 2016 , the program held the distinction of being invited to the initial offering of every national postseason tournament ."}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Willie Betts', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'River Rouge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/River_Rouge_High_School', 'summary': 'River Rouge School District is a public school district serving the entire city of River Rouge , Michigan . The district is the smallest public school district in terms of area in Metro Detroit and the second smallest in terms of enrollment after the neighboring Ecorse Public Schools in Ecorse . The district encompasses 1.77 sq mi ( 4.58 km2 ) of the city of River Rouge and has an enrollment of approximately 1,420 students in three schools . River Rouge recently [ when ? ] honored one of its own , Brent Darby , by dedicating and naming the basketball court after him . His jersey number ( # 24 ) was also retired and will be displayed in the Lofton C. Greene gymnasium . [ citation needed ] Darby was part of a winning varsity basketball team that brought pride to the Panthers . [ citation needed ] Many of his teammates , friends , family and teachers were present for this dedication . Brent Darby died in 2011 . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Bradley', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bradley_Braves_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Bradley Braves men 's basketball team represents Bradley University , located in Peoria , Illinois , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . They compete as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference . The Braves are currently coached by Brian Wardle and play their home games at Carver Arena . Bradley has appeared in nine NCAA Tournaments , including two Final Fours , finishing as the national runner-up in 1950 and 1954 . They last appeared in the NCAA Tournament in 2019 , and last reached the NCAA Sweet Sixteen in 2006 . The Braves have also appeared in the National Invitation Tournament 21 times with an all-time NIT record of 26-18 and have won four NIT championships ( 1957 , 1960 , 1964 , and 1982 ) , second only to St. John 's in appearances ( 30 ) and titles ( 5 ) . Until the introduction of the Vegas 16 Tournament in 2016 , the program held the distinction of being invited to the initial offering of every national postseason tournament ."}]}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Craig Dill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Craig_Dill', 'summary': "Craig H. Dill ( born December 17 , 1944 ) was an American basketball player . Dill played college basketball at the University of Michigan . He was a 6'11 center . Dill was drafted in the fourth round ( 11th pick , 42nd overall ) of the 1967 NBA Draft by the San Diego Rockets but opted instead to play for the Pittsburgh Pipers of the American Basketball Association . Dill was a member of the 1967-68 Pittsburgh Pipers team that won the 1968 ABA Championship . During that season Dill averaged 6.8 points and 5.8 rebounds per game ."}]}, {'value': 'Saginaw Arthur Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Hill_High_School', 'summary': 'Arthur Hill High School is a public secondary school in Saginaw , Michigan , United States . It serves students in grades 9-12 as one of three high schools in the Saginaw Public School District .'}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Michigan Wolverines Men 's Basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Michigan . The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The Wolverines play home basketball games at the Crisler Center in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Michigan has won one NCAA Championship as well as two National Invitation Tournaments ( NIT ) , fourteen Big Ten Conference titles and two Big Ten Tournament titles . In addition , it has won an NIT title and won a Big Ten Tournament that were vacated due to NCAA sanctions . The team is coached by Juwan Howard . Michigan has had 31 All-Americans , selected 44 times . Eight of these have been consensus All-Americans , which are Cazzie Russell ( two times ) , Rickey Green , Gary Grant , Chris Webber , Trey Burke , as well as Harry Kipke , Richard Doyle and Bennie Oosterbaan ( two-times ) who were retroactively selected by the Helms Foundation . Twelve All-Americans have been at least two-time honorees . Russell was the only three-time All-American . Michigan basketball players have been successful in professional basketball . Fifty-eight have been drafted into the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) ; twenty-six of those were first round draft picks , including both Cazzie Russell and Chris Webber who were drafted first overall ."}]}, {'value': '1962', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ernie Thompson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saginaw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saginaw_High_School', 'summary': "Saginaw High School ( part of the Saginaw City School District ) is located in Saginaw , Michigan , USA . The student enrollment is 593 students . The school 's mission statement is Saginaw High is committed to ensuring a safe and academic environment where the students will become academically proficient , life long learners , and productive citizens ."}]}, {'value': 'Bradley', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bradley_Braves_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Bradley Braves men 's basketball team represents Bradley University , located in Peoria , Illinois , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . They compete as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference . The Braves are currently coached by Brian Wardle and play their home games at Carver Arena . Bradley has appeared in nine NCAA Tournaments , including two Final Fours , finishing as the national runner-up in 1950 and 1954 . They last appeared in the NCAA Tournament in 2019 , and last reached the NCAA Sweet Sixteen in 2006 . The Braves have also appeared in the National Invitation Tournament 21 times with an all-time NIT record of 26-18 and have won four NIT championships ( 1957 , 1960 , 1964 , and 1982 ) , second only to St. John 's in appearances ( 30 ) and titles ( 5 ) . Until the introduction of the Vegas 16 Tournament in 2016 , the program held the distinction of being invited to the initial offering of every national postseason tournament ."}]}, {'value': '1961', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reggie Harding', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reggie_Harding', 'summary': 'Reginald Harding ( May 4 , 1942 - September 2 , 1972 ) was an American professional basketball player . Drafted in 1962 by the Detroit Pistons , Harding is noted as the first player drafted into the NBA without having played in college . Harding spent five years in the NBA , playing for the Detroit Pistons , Chicago Bulls and later the Indiana Pacers . Harding also played for the Trenton Colonials , which were a part of the Continental Basketball Association .'}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Eastern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_High_School_(Detroit)', 'summary': "Dr. Martin Luther King , Jr. High School is located at 3200 East Lafayette Boulevard in Detroit , Michigan ; the building is operated by the Detroit Board of Education . King 's district encompasses Downtown and Midtown Detroit ; it also includes Lafayette Park , the Martin Luther King Apartments and Riverfront Condominiums . The Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects were zoned to MLK prior to their demolition . In addition it includes the three Wayne State University housing complexes that permit families with children ( Chatsworth Tower , DeRoy , and University Tower ) ."}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Retro Mr. Basketball winners', 'section_text': "In 2010 , the BCAM began a 10-year project to honor basketball players from the period prior to the inception of the Mr. Basketball award . Each season for the next 10 years , `` Retro '' Mr. Basketball award winners will be announced . The initial awards were given to players from the years 1920 , 1930 , 1940 , 1950 , 1960 , 1970 and 1980 . Next year , awards will be announced for the seasons xxx8 from each decade . This pattern will be continued through the year 2019 when the final award winners will be selected for the seasons xxx9 from each decade . [ 4 ]", 'uid': 'Mr._Basketball_of_Michigan_1', 'intro': 'Each year the Hal Schram Mr. Basketball award is given to the person chosen as the best high school senior boys basketball player in the U.S. state of Michigan. The award is named in honor of the late Hal Schram, a sports writer at the Detroit Free Press who covered high school sports for 40 years before retiring in 1983. The award has been given since 1981 by the Basketball Coaches Association of Michigan (BCAM). Most of the award winners have gone on to play at the highest levels of college basketball, and many have gone on to play in the National Basketball Association. Voting is done on a points system. Each voter selects first, second, and third-place votes. A player receives five points for each first-place vote, three points for each second-place vote, and one point for a third-place vote. The player who receives the most points receives the award. Only actively coaching BCAM members can vote. Beginning for the 2007 award, votes may only be cast for a predetermined group of five finalists, whereas in the past, the pool was unlimited.'}	null	null	Which channel did the most recent Mr Basketball become an analyst for ?	ESPN
09e33467fbd81855	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavia_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'title': 'Yugoslavia at the 1988 Summer Olympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Goran Maksimović', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goran_Maksimović', 'summary': 'Goran Maksimović ( Serbian Cyrillic : Горан Максимовић ; born 27 July 1963 in Svetozarevo ) is a Serbian sports shooter and Olympic Champion for Yugoslavia . He won a gold medal in the 10 metre air rifle event at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul . At the 1996 and 2000 Olympics he competed for Serbia and Montenegro . His daughter , Ivana Maksimović is a 2012 Olympic silver medalist . Goran is currently the head coach of the Serbian national shooting team .'}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The shooting competitions at the 1988 Summer Olympics took place in Seoul , South Korea . Competitions were held in a total of thirteen events - seven men 's events , four women 's events , and two events open to both genders . It was the first games for the 10 metre air pistol events , and the last for the 50 metre running target event , later replaced by 10 metre running target . It was also the first time the Olympic shooting competitions included finals for the top eight ( in some cases six ) competitors ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's Air Rifle", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jasna Šekarić', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jasna_Šekarić', 'summary': 'Jasna Šekarić ( Serbian Cyrillic : Јасна Шекарић ; born 17 December 1965 ) is a Serbian sport shooter . She has won a total of five Olympic medals : one gold , three silvers and one bronze . She has also won three World Championship gold medals in the 10 m air pistol . In 1992 , she lost the Olympic gold medal to Marina Logvinenko despite having the same score . She is one of only six shooters ( by 2012 ) to compete in at least seven Olympic Games .'}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The shooting competitions at the 1988 Summer Olympics took place in Seoul , South Korea . Competitions were held in a total of thirteen events - seven men 's events , four women 's events , and two events open to both genders . It was the first games for the 10 metre air pistol events , and the last for the 50 metre running target event , later replaced by 10 metre running target . It was also the first time the Olympic shooting competitions included finals for the top eight ( in some cases six ) competitors ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's Air Pistol", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dragan Andrić Mislav Bezmalinović Perica Bukić Veselin Đuho Igor Gočanin Deni Lušić Igor Milanović Tomislav Paškvalin Renco Posinković Goran Rađenović Dubravko Šimenc Aleksandar Šoštar Mirko Vičević', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dragan_Andrić', 'summary': 'Dragan Andrić ( Serbian Cyrillic : Драган Андрић ; born June 6 , 1962 in Dubrovnik ) is a Yugoslav former water polo player , two times Olympic gold medalist . He played for VK Partizan , Pescara , CN Catalunya and coached Chios and Panathinaikos in Greece . Andrić coached FR Yugoslavian team at the 1996 Summer Olympics , national teams of Japan and Greece .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mislav_Bezmalinović', 'summary': 'Mislav Bezmalinović ( born 11 May 1967 ) is a retired Croatian water polo player . He won an Olympic gold medal winner with Yugoslavia at the 1988 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Perica_Bukić', 'summary': "Perica Bukić ( born 20 February 1966 ) is a Croatian former professional water polo player and politician . He represented Yugoslavia at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , California , where the team won the gold medal . Bukić was educated at the University of Zagreb , from which he received a degree in economics . During his active water polo years , he played for Solaris Šibenik , Mladost Zagreb , and Jadran Split . He later became the sports director of Mladost Zagreb . Bukić is a member of the Croatian Democratic Union . In the 2003 Croatian parliamentary election he attained a seat in the Croatian Parliament . In the 2007 Croatian parliamentary election he retained his seat . His term of office in the Parliament ended in January 2008 . In 2004 he was elected as the president of the Croatian Water Polo Federation , the sport 's governing body in Croatia . In July 2008 Bukić was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame . His son is Luka Bukić , who is also a water polo player ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Veselin_Đuho', 'summary': "Veselin Đuho ( born January 5 , 1960 ) is a former water polo player and current water polo coach from Croatia who was a two-time Olympic gold medalist for Yugoslavia at the 1984 and 1988 Olympics . Đuho was born in Foča ( PR Bosnia-Herzegovina , FPR Yugoslavia ) but moved to Dubrovnik as a child , where he started swimming in 1968 and joined VK Jug in 1974 . He spent most of his career in Jug , winning with them five Yugoslav league titles , two Yugoslav cup titles , and the European Championship in 1980 . Playing for the Yugoslavia men 's national water polo team , Đuho won the gold medal at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles and at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul , as well as the gold medal at the 1986 World Championship in Madrid , the gold medal at the 1987 World Cup , and silver medals at the 1985 European Championship in Sofia and the 1987 European Championship in Strasbourg . Later in his career he also played in Italy for Rari Nantes Salerno and Rari Nantes Cagliari , before retiring in 1993 to become Cagliari 's coach . He was the coach of VK Jug between 1997 and 2003 , during which time the club won the 2000 LEN Cup , the 2001 LEN Champions League , the Croatian First League in 2000 and 2001 , and the Croatian Cup in 2001 and 2003 . Đuho was then the coach of VK Koper before become the coach of Jug again in 2012 . In March 2014 Đuho was relieved of his coaching duties in Jug ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Igor_Gočanin', 'summary': 'Igor Gočanin ( July 24 , 1966 ) is a Montenegrin water polo player . He was part of the Yugoslavia team which won the Gold medal in water polo in the 1988 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Deni_Lušić', 'summary': 'Deni Lušić ( born 14 April 1962 in Split ) is a Croatian water polo coach and former water polo player . He is a double Olympic gold medal winner with Yugoslavia at the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Igor_Milanović', 'summary': 'Igor Milanović ( Serbian Cyrillic : Игор Милановић ; born 18 December 1965 ) is a retired Serbian water polo player who is considered as the best water polo player of all time . Milanović had an illustrious professional career spanning twenty years . He is now a water polo coach .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tomislav_Paškvalin', 'summary': "Tomislav Paškvalin ( born 29 August 1961 ) is a retired Croatian water polo player . He is a double Olympic gold medal winner with Yugoslavia at the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics . As of 2014 , Paškvalin is a member of the Croatian Olympic Committee 's Supervisory Board . His son , Fran , was also an international water polo player ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Renco_Posinković', 'summary': 'Renco Posinković ( January 4 , 1964 ) is a former Yugoslav and Croatian water polo water polo player and coach . He was part of the Yugoslavia team which won the Gold medal in water polo in the 1988 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Goran_Rađenović', 'summary': 'Goran Rađenović ( Serbian Cyrillic : Горан Рађеновић ; born 4 November 1966 in Niš ) is a retired Yugoslav and Serbian water polo player and now he is water polo coach . During his career he played in Partizan , Roma and Budva and won numerous national and international trophies . The most of his successes are from the time when he was part of national team of Yugoslavia . He played for national team 265 times and won Olympic , World and European Championship .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dubravko_Šimenc', 'summary': "Dubravko Šimenc ( born 2 November 1966 in Zagreb ) is a former Croatian water polo player who competed for both Yugoslavia and Croatia . Dubravko Šimenc 's father Zlatko was a water polo player who won the silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics playing for Yugoslavia , and also a professor at the Faculty of Kinesiology . Šimenc 's mother was a volleyball player . As a boy , Šimenc played many different sports . He started to play water polo in 1975 . Šimenc 's first major medal was silver in the 1985 European Championships with Yugoslavia . The following year , his club Mladost won the World Champion title in Madrid . He gave support to Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović at the Croatian presidential election , 2014-15 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Aleksandar_Šoštar', 'summary': 'Aleksandar Šoštar ( Serbian Cyrillic : Александар Шоштар ; born January 21 , 1964 ) is a Serbian water polo goalkeeper who played on the bronze medal squad of FR Yugoslavia at the 2000 Summer Olympics and on the gold medal squad for SFR Yugoslavia at the 1988 Summer Olympics . In 2001 he was declared for Athlete of the Year and Sportsman of the Year in Yugoslavia . He currently performs the functions of the President Water Polo Club Partizan and President of the Sports Federation of Serbia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mirko_Vičević', 'summary': 'Mirko Vičević ( June 30 , 1968 ) is a Croatian retired water polo player . He was part of the Yugoslavia team which won the Gold medal in water polo in the 1988 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Water Polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Water polo at the 1988 Summer Olympics as usual was part of the swimming sport , the other two being swimming and diving . They were not seen as three separate sports , because they all were governed by one federation - FINA . Water polo discipline consisted of one event : the men 's team competition . In the preliminary round twelve teams were divided into two groups . The two best teams from each group ( shaded ones ) advanced to the semi-finals . The two numbers three and four played classification matches to determine places 5 through 8 , with the earlier result taken with them . The rest of the teams also played classification matches to determine places 9 through 12 ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's Team Competition", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Šaban Trstena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Šaban_Trstena', 'summary': 'Shaban Tërstena ( Albanian : Shaban Tërstena , Macedonian : Шабан Трстена , Serbo-Croatian : Šaban Trstena ) ( born 1 January 1965 ) , is a Macedonian Albanian former freestyle wrestler . Tërstena was born in Skopje , SFR Yugoslavia and is of Albanian heritage . Growing up in Čair , Tërstena joined the Liria Wrestling Club and was trained by notable coaches Mentaz Allajbegu and Hajrush Sinani , who had also trained notable wrestlers Shaban Sejdiu , Bajram Qorrolli , Abdulla Mehmeti , Mustaf Syla , Shend Kamberi and Adnan Elezi . Tërstena won the gold medal at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles and also won the silver medal at the Seoul Olympics in 1988 . Tërstena is currently the youngest to win any wrestling gold at the Olympics , being 19 years of age at the Los Angeles Olympics . In the 1984 European Championships , Tërstena won gold beating the then World Champion Valentin Yordanov . Tërstena would then win silver in 1983 , 1985 , 1986 , and the bronze in 1982 and 1988 . In the 1982 World Wrestling Championships , Tërstena reached bronze . During the three times he competed in the Mediterranean or Balkan Games , he won gold in all three . He has been pronounced the Best Macedonian athlete many times and once , in 1984 the best athlete of Yugoslavia . In 2000 he has been also pronounced the best Albanian athlete of the last century . He has won 715 matches out of 741 fights .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , 20 wrestling events were contested , for all men only . There were 10 weight classes in each of the freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling disciplines .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Freestyle Flyweight ( 52 kg )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ilija Lupulesku Zoran Primorac', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ilija_Lupulesku', 'summary': "Ilija Lupulesku ( born October 30 , 1967 in Uzdin ) is a former Serbian-Yugoslav and later American table tennis player who competed in the 1988 , 1992 , 1996 , 2000 and in the 2004 Summer Olympics . He became a naturalized American citizen in 2002 and competed for the United States from 2004 to 2006 including 2004 Summer Olympics . Ilija Lupulesku played his first game of table tennis at age nine in his small hometown of Uzdin , Yugoslavia . After seeing other children playing at his local school , he picked up a paddle and began what would become his life 's ambition . Despite his love and talent for soccer , Lupulesku , under the watchful eye of first coach Jon Bosika , committed himself to training and by age 14 was the top player on the Yugoslavian Junior National Table Tennis Team . Over the next 12 years , he would rise through the ranks of the world 's best players and become one of the largest sport celebrities in his native Yugoslavia ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Zoran_Primorac', 'summary': 'Zoran Primorac /ˈzoʊrən ˈpriːməˌræts/ ( born 10 May 1969 ) is a retired male table tennis player from Croatia . He is a two time winner of the World Cup and one of only three table tennis players to have competed at seven Olympic Games . His highest ITTF world ranking was number 2 , in 1998 .'}]}, {'value': 'Table Tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Table tennis was first included in the Olympic program at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , with four events contested .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Doubles", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anđelija Arbutina Vesna Bajkuša Polona Dornik Slađana Golić Kornelija Kvesić Mara Lakić Žana Lelas Bojana Milošević Razija Mujanović Danira Nakić Stojna Vangelovska Eleonora Wild', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anđelija_Arbutina', 'summary': 'Anđelija Arbutina Šarenac ( March 29 , 1967 in Belgrade ) is a former Serbian basketball player who competed for Yugoslavia in the 1988 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vesna_Bajkuša', 'summary': 'Vesna Bajkuša ( born 21 May 1970 in Sarajevo ) is a Bosnian basketball coach and former basketball player .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Polona_Dornik', 'summary': 'Polona Dornik ( born 20 November 1962 ) is a Yugoslav and Slovenian former female professional basketball player .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Slađana_Golić', 'summary': 'Slađana Golić ( February 12 , 1960 in Banja Luka ) is a former Yugoslav basketball player who participated at the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kornelija_Kvesić', 'summary': 'Kornelija Kvesić ( born 25 August 1963 in Kakanj , SFR Yugoslavia ) is a Yugoslav and Croatian former female professional basketball player .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mara_Lakić', 'summary': 'Mara Lakić-Brčaninović ( born 18 August 1963 in Gradačac , SFR Yugoslavia ) is a Bosnian basketball coach and former basketball player .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Žana_Lelas', 'summary': 'Žana Lelas ( born 28 May 1970 in Split , SFR Yugoslavia ) is a Yugoslav and Croatian former female professional basketball player .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bojana_Milošević', 'summary': 'Bojana Milošević ( Serbian Cyrillic : Бојана Милошевић , born 25 November 1965 ) is a former Serbian basketball player who competed for Yugoslavia in the 1988 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Razija_Mujanović', 'summary': "Razija Mujanović ( born 15 April 1967 in Čelić , SFR Yugoslavia ) is a retired Bosnian women 's basketball player . She was voted the best female European basketball player three times ( 1991 , 1994 and 1995 ) , by the Italian sports magazine La Gazzetta dello Sport . She was elected to the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Danira_Nakić', 'summary': "Danira Nakić , married Bilić , ( 22 July 1969 ) is a retired Croatian basketball player . As part of the Yugoslavian women 's team , she won a silver medal at the 1988 Seoul Olympics . She was European basketball 's Most Valuable Player three times running , in 1988 , 1989 and 1990 . In 1991 , she was awarded Croatia 's highest national recognition for sports , the Franjo Bučar State Award for Sport . Since retiring she has maintained an active involvement in sport , and is currently the Director of the Croatian Heritage Foundation . In 2009 the International Olympic Committee awarded her their Women in Sports European trophy . She is also a politician , being a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe She is wife of former Croatian handball player Zvonimir Bilić ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Stojna_Vangelovska', 'summary': 'Stojna Vangelovska ( Macedonian : Стојна Вангеловска , born 5 February 1964 ) is a Macedonian and former Yugoslav female professional basketball player .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eleonora_Wild', 'summary': 'Eleonora Vild Đoković ( Serbian Cyrillic : Елеонора Вилд Ђоковић ; born June 9 , 1969 ) is a Serbian former basketball player who competed for Yugoslavia in the 1988 Summer Olympics . She was born in Bačka Topola .'}]}, {'value': 'Basketball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basketball_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Basketball at the 1988 Summer Olympics was the twelfth appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event . It took place at the Jamsil Gymnasium in Seoul , South Korea from 17 September to 30 September 1988 . The United States won the gold medal in the women 's competition , thus repeating their performance from the 1984 tournament . In the men 's tournament , the Soviet Union took home their second gold medal in the team 's history for this event . This was the last Olympic basketball tournament where NBA players were not allowed to participate , although professionals from other leagues were allowed to compete , since players from other leagues were still considered amateurs . These were also the last Olympic basketball tournaments where the Soviets fielded a team , as the Soviet Union broke up prior to the 1992 Summer Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's Team Competition", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Franjo Arapović Zoran Čutura Danko Cvjetičanin Vlade Divac Toni Kukoč Željko Obradović Žarko Paspalj Dražen Petrović Dino Rađa Zdravko Radulović Stojko Vranković Jurij Zdovc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franjo_Arapović', 'summary': "Franjo Arapović ( born June 2 , 1965 ) is a former Croatian basketball center - 7 ft 0.5 in ( 2.15 m ) tall - who won the silver medal with the Croatia national basketball team at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona , Spain . Four years earlier he was a member of the Yugoslavia national basketball team , that won the silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics . Arapović was born in Mostar , SR Bosnia and Herzegovina , SFR Yugoslavia . In his professional career , he played for KK Lokomotiva Mostar , after which he moved to Croatian clubs KK Cibona , KK Croatia osiguranje Split , KK Zrinjevac . He then moved to Pallacanestro Trapani in Italy , BC Žalgiris in Lithuania , KK Krka Telekom in Slovenia , Fenerbahçe S.K . in Turkey , Hapoel Migdal Jerusalem in Israel , again Žalgiris , and again Zrinjevac , Croatia osiguranje , Cibona . One of Arapović 's most well-known moments was during the first half of the gold medal game between Croatia and the United States at the 1992 Summer Olympics , when Arapović caught a pass from Toni Kukoč while driving toward the basket and made a running two-handed slam dunk to give Croatia a 25-23 lead over the Dream Team . David Robinson was whistled for a foul on the play , and Arapović demonstratively hung on the rim for several moments before giving the cheering crowd several fist-pumps . Member of Croatian Democratic Union ( HDZ ) , Arapović was their MP in the Croatia parliament from December 2003 until January 2008 . His son Marko is also a professional basketball player ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Zoran_Čutura', 'summary': 'Zoran Čutura ( born 12 March 1962 in Zagreb ) is a former Croatian basketball player . After ending his professional basketball career he started working as a sports journalist and columnist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Danko_Cvjetičanin', 'summary': 'Danko Cvjetićanin ( often credited as Cvjetičanin ; born 16 October 1963 ) is a Croatian basketball scout and former player . Cvjetićanin won two silver medals at the Olympic Games , one with Yugoslavia ( 1988 ) and the other with Croatia ( 1992 ) . Cvjetićanin , who started his career with Partizan , won the European Club Championship with Cibona in 1986 . He also played professionally in Spain and Italy .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vlade_Divac', 'summary': "Vlade Divac ( Serbian Cyrillic : Владе Дивац , pronounced [ ʋlǎːde dǐːʋats ] ; born February 3 , 1968 ) is a Serbian professional basketball executive and former player who is the vice president of basketball operations and general manager of the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Divac spent most of his playing career in the NBA . At 7 ft 1 in ( 2.16 m ) , he played center and was known for his passing skills . He was among the first group of European basketball players to transfer to the NBA in the late 1980s and was named one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors . He is one of seven players in NBA history to record 13,000 points , 9,000 rebounds , 3,000 assists , and 1,500 blocked shots , along with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , Tim Duncan , Shaquille O'Neal , Kevin Garnett , Pau Gasol , and Hakeem Olajuwon . [ n 1 ] Divac was also the first player born and trained outside the United States to play in over 1,000 games in the NBA . On August 20 , 2010 , he was inducted into the FIBA Hall of Fame in recognition of his play in international competition . He was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2019 . Aside from being noticed for his basketball abilities , Divac is also known as a humanitarian , helping children in his native country of Serbia and in Africa . In October 2008 , he was appointed as government adviser in Serbia for humanitarian issues . In February 2009 , he was elected President of the Serbian Olympic Committee for a 4-year term and re-elected in November 2012 . In 2013 , Divac received an honor from the World Sports Humanitarian Hall of Fame ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Toni_Kukoč', 'summary': 'Toni Kukoč ( pronounced [ kukotʃ ] ; born September 18 , 1968 ) is a Croatian former professional basketball player who is currently Special Advisor to Jerry Reinsdorf , the owner of the Chicago Bulls . After a highly successful period in European basketball , he was one of the first established European stars to play in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He won the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award in 1996 . Kukoč was renowned for his versatility and passing ability ; although his natural position was small forward , he played all five positions on the court with prowess and demonstrated court vision and an outside shooting touch that were seldom found in players of his height . Together with Vassilis Spanoulis , they are the only players in history to achieve the EuroLeague Final Four MVP honor on three occasions . He was elected to the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2017 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Željko_Obradović', 'summary': 'Želimir Željko Obradović ( Serbian Cyrillic : Желимир Жељко Обрадовић ; born March 9 , 1960 ) is a Serbian professional basketball coach and former professional basketball player . He currently serves as a head coach for Fenerbahçe , of the Turkish Super League and the EuroLeague . Generally considered as the best European head coach , and regarded by many as the greatest European head coach of all time , Obradović has won 41 club titles in his coaching career , including nine EuroLeague titles with five different clubs , and has also made 18 EuroLeague Final Four appearances , during his coaching career . His list of professional titles won is unmatched by any other European head coach . In addition to his success at the club level , he has also won major trophies as the head coach of the senior FR Yugoslavian national team , most notably winning the gold medals at the 1997 EuroBasket and the 1998 FIBA World Championship . Among his individual coaching awards , he has won three EuroLeague Coach of the Year and four Greek Basket League Best Coach awards . In 2008 , he was named one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors , as a head coach .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Žarko_Paspalj', 'summary': "Žarko Paspalj ( Serbian Cyrillic : Жарко Паспаљ ; born March 27 , 1966 ) is a retired professional basketball player and sports administrator from Serbia . The EuroLeague Final Four MVP in 1994 , his sixteen and a half seasons career was mostly spent in Yugoslavia and Greece , along with several short stints in the NBA , France , and Italy . Since 2009 , he has been vice-president of the Serbian Olympic Committee . For years , Paspalj was an automatic choice for Yugoslavia 's senior national team , representing his country in one FIBA World Cup , two Olympics , and four EuroBaskets . He earned an All-EuroBasket Team selection in 1989 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dražen_Petrović', 'summary': "Dražen Petrović ( pronounced [ drǎʒen pětroʋitɕ ] ; 22 October 1964 - 7 June 1993 ) was a Croatian professional basketball player . A shooting guard , he initially achieved success playing professional basketball in Europe in the 1980s , before joining the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) in 1989 . A star on multiple stages , Petrović earned two silver medals and one bronze in Olympic basketball , a gold and a bronze in the FIBA World Cup , a gold and a bronze in the FIBA EuroBasket , and two EuroLeague titles . He represented Yugoslavia 's national team and , later , Croatia 's national team . He earned four Euroscars , and was named Mr. Europa twice . In 1985 , he received the Golden Badge award for best athlete of Yugoslavia . Seeking a bigger arena after his career start in Europe , Petrović joined the NBA in 1989 , as a member of the Portland Trail Blazers . After playing mostly off the bench that year , Petrović experienced a breakthrough following a trade to the New Jersey Nets . While starting for the Nets , he became one of the league 's best shooting guards . Petrović 's career and life were cut short after he died in a car accident at the age of 28 . He received the Olympic Order in 1993 . Petrović is considered the crucial part of the vanguard to the present-day mass influx of European players into the NBA ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dino_Rađa', 'summary': "Dino Rađa ( Anglicized : Dino Radja , Croatian pronunciation : [ ˌdǐːno ˈrâd͜ʑa ] ) ( born 24 April 1967 ) , is a Croatian former professional basketball player . He was a member of the Jugoplastika team of the late 1980s and early 1990s , which he helped to win two FIBA European Champions Cup championships ( 1989 and 1990 ) . He spent three and a half seasons with the Boston Celtics , being one of the European pioneers in the NBA . Rađa was named one of FIBA 's 50 Greatest Players in 1991 , and one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors in 2008 . He was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame , as a member of the 2018 class ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Zdravko_Radulović', 'summary': "Zdravko Radulović ( born December 12 , 1966 ) is a Croatian former professional basketball player , who is now a coach . Radulović was born in Nikšić , SR Montenegro , SFR Yugoslavia . At a height of 1.91 m ( 6 ' 3 ) tall , he played at the shooting guard position ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Stojko_Vranković', 'summary': "Stojan Stojko Vranković ( born 22 January 1964 ) is a Croatian former professional basketball player , who also represented Croatia internationally . He is currently the president of the Croatian Basketball Federation . A 7 ft 2 in ( 2.18 m ) center , he played five seasons ( 1990-1992 ; 1996-1999 ) in the National Basketball Association , as a member of the Boston Celtics , Minnesota Timberwolves , and Los Angeles Clippers . He was very popular in Europe , while playing for the Athens-based club Panathinaikos , with whom he won the club 's first EuroLeague championship ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jurij_Zdovc', 'summary': "Jurij Jure Zdovc ( born 13 December 1966 ) is a Slovenian professional basketball coach and former player . As a player , he was a 1.98 m ( 6 ' 6 ) tall point guard , that began his professional playing career with the Slovenian League club Smelt Olimpija . In 2012 , Zdovc received the EuroCup Coach of the Year award , while with Spartak Saint Petersburg ."}]}, {'value': 'Basketball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basketball_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Basketball at the 1988 Summer Olympics was the twelfth appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event . It took place at the Jamsil Gymnasium in Seoul , South Korea from 17 September to 30 September 1988 . The United States won the gold medal in the women 's competition , thus repeating their performance from the 1984 tournament . In the men 's tournament , the Soviet Union took home their second gold medal in the team 's history for this event . This was the last Olympic basketball tournament where NBA players were not allowed to participate , although professionals from other leagues were allowed to compete , since players from other leagues were still considered amateurs . These were also the last Olympic basketball tournaments where the Soviets fielded a team , as the Soviet Union broke up prior to the 1992 Summer Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's Team Competition", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Damir Škaro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Damir_Škaro', 'summary': 'Damir Škaro ( born 2 November 1959 ) is a former Croatian amateur boxer who won the Light Heavyweight Bronze medal at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul for Yugoslavia , as well as a Croatian politician . He also competed at the 1980 Olympic Games and the 1984 Olympic Games . Škaro was elected into the Croatian Parliament in 1995 as a member of the Croatian Democratic Union . Škaro has served as the secretary of the Croatian Olympians Club . On 4 September 2019 , he was arrested by Croatian authorities on suspicion of sexual misconduct and alleged rape of his female secretary at Autoklub Siget , where he served as President since 2004 . In order to prevent him from witness tampering , he was immediately admitted to prison for a 30-day pre-trial custody period , while the criminal case against him is being built by state attorneys . The case was widely publicized in Croatian news media , and led to his resignation as President of Autoklub Siget only a week later . His pre-trial custody has since been extended for another 30 days .'}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Boxing at the 1988 Summer Olympics took place in the Chamshil Students ' Gymnasium in Seoul between 17 September and 2 October . Twelve men 's individual boxing events were contested , attended by 432 athletes and 159 officials from 106 countries . Cuba boycotted the 1988 Olympics which impacted the competition . The events were also notable for a controversial decision in the light middleweight championship bout between Roy Jones Jr. and Park Si-Hun , when Roy Jones was denied gold despite being vastly superior , and also for a referee being attacked by South Korean boxing officials in the ring after the Jong-Il Byun and Aleksandar Khristov bout ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's Light Heavyweight", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sadik Mujkić Bojan Prešern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sadik_Mujkić', 'summary': 'Sadik Mujkič ( born 29 February 1968 ) is a retired Slovenian rower and Olympic medallist at the 1988 and the 1992 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bojan_Prešern', 'summary': 'Bojan Prešern ( born 4 August 1962 in Jesenice , Slovenia ) is a Slovenian rower who competed for Yugoslavia .'}]}, {'value': 'Rowing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rowing_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Rowing at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul featured 14 events in total , for men and women , held on the Han River Regatta Course . The women 's quadruple sculls event was held without coxswain for the first time at this Olympics ( from 1976 through 1984 it was coxed for women and coxless for men ) ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's Coxless Pairs", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jasna Šekarić', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jasna_Šekarić', 'summary': 'Jasna Šekarić ( Serbian Cyrillic : Јасна Шекарић ; born 17 December 1965 ) is a Serbian sport shooter . She has won a total of five Olympic medals : one gold , three silvers and one bronze . She has also won three World Championship gold medals in the 10 m air pistol . In 1992 , she lost the Olympic gold medal to Marina Logvinenko despite having the same score . She is one of only six shooters ( by 2012 ) to compete in at least seven Olympic Games .'}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The shooting competitions at the 1988 Summer Olympics took place in Seoul , South Korea . Competitions were held in a total of thirteen events - seven men 's events , four women 's events , and two events open to both genders . It was the first games for the 10 metre air pistol events , and the last for the 50 metre running target event , later replaced by 10 metre running target . It was also the first time the Olympic shooting competitions included finals for the top eight ( in some cases six ) competitors ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's Sport Pistol", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gordana Perkučin Jasna Fazlić', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gordana_Perkučin', 'summary': 'Gordana Perkučin ( born May 7 , 1962 in Novi Kneževac ) is a Yugoslav and Serbian table tennis player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics and in the 1992 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jasna_Fazlić', 'summary': 'Jasna Rather born Jasna Fazlić , born December 20 , 1970 in Foča , SFR Yugoslavia is former Yugoslavian-American table tennis player who played for Yugoslavia and then for United States , competing on four Olympics : in Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics , Barcelona 1992 Summer Olympics , Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics , and Athens 2004 Summer Olympics respectively .'}]}, {'value': 'Table Tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Table tennis was first included in the Olympic program at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , with four events contested .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's Doubles", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mirko Bašić Jožef Holpert Boris Jarak Slobodan Kuzmanovski Muhamed Memić Alvaro Načinović Goran Perkovac Zlatko Portner Iztok Puc Rolando Pušnik Momir Rnić Zlatko Saračević Irfan Smajlagić Ermin Velić Veselin Vujović', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mirko_Bašić', 'summary': 'Mirko Bašić ( born 14 September 1960 in Bjelovar , SFR Yugoslavia ) is a former Croatian handball player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics and in the 1988 Summer Olympics . He has also played six EHF Champions League finals winning two in 1984-85 and 1985-86 as part of the famous RK Metaloplastika which dominated European handball in the 1980s ( often referred to as Handball Aliens ) . Bašić was a big influence on Thierry Omeyer who is regarded as the greatest goalkeeper in handball history .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jožef_Holpert', 'summary': 'Jožef Holpert ( born March 13 , 1961 in Bezdan ) is a former Yugoslav handball player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics . In 1988 , he was part of the Yugoslav team , which won the bronze medal . He played all six matches and scored 15 goals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Boris_Jarak', 'summary': 'Boris Jarak ( born 19 April 1963 in Dubrovnik ) is a former Yugoslav/Croatian handball player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics . In 1988 he was part of the Yugoslav team which won the bronze medal . He played two matches . In 1995 he was part of the Croatian team which won the silver medal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Slobodan_Kuzmanovski', 'summary': 'Slobodan Kuzmanovski ( born 11 June 1962 in Šabac , Srbija ) is a former Yugoslav handball player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics and in the 1988 Summer Olympics . In 1984 he was a member of the Yugoslav handball team which won the gold medal . He played all six matches and scored two goals . Four years later he was part of the Yugoslav team which won the bronze medal . He played four matches and scored seven goals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Muhamed_Memić', 'summary': 'Muhamed Memić ( born 2 September 1960 in Derventa ) was a Yugoslav handball player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alvaro_Načinović', 'summary': "Alvaro Načinović ( born 22 March 1966 in Rijeka ) is a former Croatian handball player who competed for Yugoslavia and Croatia respectively . He played for his hometown club Zamet Rijeka with whom he entered into the Yugoslav First League in 1987 after winning the Second League in Kać . The same year he won the IHF Men 's Junior World Championship with Yugoslavia U-21 in his club 's home venue in Rijeka . Yugoslavia beat Spain in the final . In 1992 Načinović played for RK Zagreb Loto with whom he won the European Champions Cup . He also spent six years in Slovenia playing for RK Pivovarna Laško Celje with a brief season at Zamet before coming to RK Crikvenica . Načinović spent five years in Crikvenica before retiring in 2006 . He won the bronze medal with Yugoslavia at the 1988 Summer Olympics and also captained the national team of Croatia to a gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics , silver medal at the 1995 World Championship and a bronze medal at the 1994 World Championship . He made 105 appearances for the national team scoring 165 goals . Since April 2016 he is the sports director of RK Kozala ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Goran_Perkovac', 'summary': "Goran Perkovac ( born 16 September 1962 ) is a Croatian handball coach and former player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics , and in the 1996 Summer Olympics for Yugoslavia and Croatia respectively . In 1988 , he was part of the Yugoslavia national team which won the bronze medal . He played five matches and scored four goals . Eight years later he won the gold medal with the Croatia national team . He played all seven matches and scored 17 goals . Perkovac 's daughter Korina is a volleyball player who has played for the Switzerland women 's national volleyball team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Zlatko_Portner', 'summary': 'Zlatko Portner ( born 16 January 1962 in Ruma ) is a former Yugoslav handball player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics . During his successful career he played for RK Metaloplastika and FC Barcelona Handbol . In 1988 he was part of the Yugoslav team which won the bronze medal . He played all six matches and scored 31 goals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Iztok_Puc', 'summary': "Iztok Puc ( 14 September 1966 - 20 October 2011 ) was a Croatian-Slovenian handball player , who was one of the world 's top players of the 1980s and 1990s . During his career he played professionally for Borac Banja Luka , Zagreb , Celje and Prule 67 . He won a total of 18 domestic trophies . He has won the elite EHF Champions League in 1992 and 1993 , both times with Zagreb . He is one of very few handball players who represented three different countries at the Summer Olympics ( Yugoslavia , Croatia and Slovenia ) , winning bronze with Yugoslavia in 1988 and gold with Croatia in 1996 . In 2009 , he was named the best overall player in the history of Slovenian handball . After his death an award named in his honour was introduced and is awarded annually to the most promising young handball players in Slovenia and Croatia , given alternately one year to Slovenian and another year to Croatian player ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rolando_Pušnik', 'summary': 'Rolando Pušnik ( born 13 December 1961 ) is a Slovenian former handball player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics for Yugoslavia and in the 2000 Summer Olympics for Slovenia . He was born in Celje . In 1988 he was part of the Yugoslav team which won the bronze medal in the Olympic tournament . He played three matches as goalkeeper . Twelve years later he finished eighth with the Slovenian team in the 2000 Olympic tournament . He played all seven matches as goalkeeper . He played for RK Crvenka , RK Železničar 1949 , Portland San Antonio , RK Zagreb , RK Celje etc .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Momir_Rnić_(handballer_born_1955)', 'summary': 'Momir Rnić ( born 3 February 1955 in Sečanj , Serbia , FPR Yugoslavia ) is a former Yugoslav handball player who competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics , in the 1984 Summer Olympics , and in the 1988 Summer Olympics . In 1980 he was a member of the Yugoslav handball team which finished sixth . He played all six matches and scored seventeen goals . Four years later he was part of the Yugoslav team which won the gold medal . He played four matches and scored one goals . In 1988 he won the bronze medal with the Yugoslav team . He played all six matches and scored eighteen goals . His son Momir Rnić ia also a handballer , member of Serbia national handball team .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Zlatko_Saračević', 'summary': 'Zlatan Zlatko Saračević ( born 5 July 1961 ) is a Croatian former handball player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics for SFR Yugoslavia and in the 1996 Summer Olympics for Croatia . He is currently coaching RK Podravka . From 2015 World Championship to the 2017 World Championship he had been a commentator on RTL Televizija with Filip Brkić .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Irfan_Smajlagić', 'summary': 'Irfan Pipe Smajlagić ( born 16 October 1961 in Banja Luka ) is a Croatian former handball player and current handball coach , who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics for Yugoslavia and in the 1996 Summer Olympics for Croatia . He was born in Banja Luka , Bosnia and Herzegovina . In 1988 he was part of the Yugoslav team which won the bronze medal . He played five matches and scored 14 goals . Eight years later he won the gold medal with the Croatian team . He played six matches including the final and scored 31 goals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ermin_Velić', 'summary': 'Ermin Velić ( born April 1 , 1959 in Jajce ) is a Yugoslav former handball player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Veselin_Vujović', 'summary': 'Veselin Vujović ( Serbian Cyrillic : Веселин Вујовић ; born 18 January 1961 ) is a Montenegrin former handball player and the current manager of RK Zagreb . As a player , he competed at the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics for the Yugoslavia national team .'}]}, {'value': 'Handball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Handball_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Final results for the Handball competition at the 1988 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Team Competition", 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Medalists', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Yugoslavia_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'Athletes from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. This was the last time that the SFR Yugoslavia competed in the Summer Olympics. 155 competitors, 117 men and 38 women, took part in 72 events in 18 sports.'}	null	null	What medal was won in the sport governed by FINA ?	Gold
09e376f87f071117	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'title': 'Austrian Football Bundesliga', 'header': ['Club', 'Winners', 'Runners-up', 'Winning Seasons'], 'data': [{'value': 'Rapid Wien', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SK_Rapid_Wien', 'summary': "Sportklub Rapid Wien ( German pronunciation : [ ʁaˈpiːt ˈviːn ] ) , commonly known as Rapid Vienna , is an Austrian football club playing in the country 's capital city of Vienna . Rapid has won the most Austrian championship titles ( 32 ) , including the first ever title in the season 1911-12 , as well as a German championship in 1941 during Nazi rule . Rapid twice reached the final of the European Cup Winners ' Cup in 1985 and 1996 , losing on both occasions . The club is often known as Die Grün-Weißen ( The Green-Whites ) for its team colours or as Hütteldorfer , in reference to the location of the Gerhard Hanappi Stadium , which is in Hütteldorf , part of the city 's 14th district in Penzing ."}]}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1912 , 1913 , 1916 , 1917 , 1919 , 1920 , 1921 , 1923 , 1929 , 1930 , 1935 , 1938 , 1940 , 1941 , 1946 , 1948 , 1950-51 , 1951-52 , 1953-54 , 1955-56 , 1956-57 , 1959-60 , 1963-64 , 1966-67 , 1967-68 , 1981-82 , 1982-83 , 1986-87 , 1987-88 , 1995-96 , 2004-05 , 2007-08', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1950–51_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga A in the 1950-51 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1951–52_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga A in the 1951-52 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1953–54_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga A in the 1953-54 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1955–56_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga A in the 1955-56 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Austrian_football_championship_1956–57', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga A in the 1956-57 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Austrian_football_championship_1959–60', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga in the 1959-60 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Austrian_football_championship_1963–64', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga in the 1963-64 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Austrian_football_championship_1966–67', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian national league in the 1966-67 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Austrian_football_championship_1967–68', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian national league in the 1967-68 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Austrian_Football_Bundesliga_1981-82', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1981-82 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Austrian_Football_Bundesliga_1982–83', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1982-83 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Austrian_Football_Bundesliga_1986–87', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1986-87 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Austrian_Football_Bundesliga_1987-88', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1987-88 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Austrian_Football_Bundesliga_1995–96', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1995-96 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Austrian_Football_Bundesliga_2004–05', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 2004-05 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Austrian_Football_Bundesliga_2007–08', 'summary': 'The 2007-08 T-Mobile Bundesliga is the 33rd T-Mobile League and the 117th League in Austria .'}]}, {'value': 'Austria Wien', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Austria_Wien', 'summary': "Fußballklub Austria Wien ( German pronunciation : [ ˈaʊ̯stri̯aː ˈviːn ] ; known in English as Austria Vienna , and usually shortened to Austria in German-speaking countries ) , is an Austrian association football club from the capital city of Vienna . It has won the most national titles of any Austrian club from the top flight . It has won 24 Austrian Bundesliga titles and is one of only two sides that have never been relegated from the Austrian top flight . With 27 victories in the Austrian Cup and six in the Austrian Supercup , Austria Wien is also the most successful club in each of those tournaments . The club reached the UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup final in 1978 , and the semi-finals of the European Cup the season after . The club plays at the Franz Horr Stadium , known as the Generali Arena since a 2010 naming rights deal with an Italian insurance company ."}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1923-24 , 1925-26 , 1948-49 , 1949-50 , 1952-53 , 1960-61 , 1961-62 , 1962-63 , 1968-69 , 1969-70 , 1975-76 , 1977-78 , 1978-79 , 1979-80 , 1980-81 , 1983-84 , 1984-85 , 1985-86 , 1990-91 , 1991-92 , 1992-93 , 2002-03 , 2005-06 , 2012-13', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1923-24_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian first class in the 1923-24 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1925-26_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian first league in the 1925-26 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1948–49_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian league in the 1948-49 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1949–50_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga A in the 1949-50 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1952–53_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga A in the 1952-53 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1960–61_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga in the 1960-61 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1961–62_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga in the 1961-62 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1962–63_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga in the 1962-63 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1968–69_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian national league in the 1968-69 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1969–70_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian national league in the 1969-70 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1975–76_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1975-76 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1977–78_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1977-78 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1978–79_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1978-79 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1979–80_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1979-80 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1980–81_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1980-81 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1983–84_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'These are the statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1983-84 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1984–85_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1984-85 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1985–86_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1985-86 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1990–91_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1990-91 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1991–92_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1991-92 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1992–93_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1992-93 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2002–03_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 2002-03 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2005–06_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 2005-06 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2012–13_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'The 2012-13 Austrian Football Bundesliga was the 101st season of top-tier football in Austria . The season began on 21 July 2012 and ended on 26 May 2013 , with the winter break held between 22 December 2012 and 9 February 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Red Bull Salzburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Red_Bull_Salzburg', 'summary': "FC Red Bull Salzburg is an Austrian football club based in Wals-Siezenheim . Their home ground is the Red Bull Arena . Due to sponsorship restrictions , the club is known as FC Salzburg and wears a modified crest when playing in UEFA competitions . The club was known as SV Austria Salzburg , and had several sponsored names , before being bought by Red Bull GmbH in 2005 who renamed the club and changed its colours from its traditional violet and white to red and white . The change resulted in some of the team 's fans forming a new club , SV Austria Salzburg . Founded in 1933 , and refounded in 2005 as Red Bull Salzburg , the club won its first Bundesliga title in 1994 , which was the first of three in the span of four seasons which also saw them reach the 1994 UEFA Cup final . The club has won thirteen league titles and six Austrian Cups , all six of which came as doubles and also three Austrian Supercups ."}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993-94 , 1994-95 , 1996-97 , 2006-07 , 2008-09 , 2009-10 , 2011-12 , 2013-14 , 2014-15 , 2015-16 , 2016-17 , 2017-18 , 2018-19', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1993–94_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1993-94 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1994–95_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'The Austrian Football Bundesliga of 1994-95 was organised by the Austrian Football Association ( ÖFB ) . The Austrian First League served as a stepping stone for promotion to the 1 . Bundesliga . The Regional Leagues acted as a third step on the footballing ladder , East ( Vienna , Lower Austria and Burgenland ) , Central ( Mitte ) ( Carinthia , Upper Austria , and Styria ) and West ( Salzburg , Tirol , and Vorarlberg ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1996–97_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1996-97 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2006–07_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'N/A'}, {'url': '/wiki/2008–09_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'The Austrian Football Bundesliga 2008-09 was the 97th season of top-tier football in Austria . The competition is officially called tipp3-Bundesliga powered by T-Mobile , named after the Austrian betting company tipp3 and the Austrian branch of German mobile phone company T-Mobile . The season started on 8 July 2008 with Sturm Graz beating defending champions Rapid Vienna by 3-1 . The 36th and last round of matches took place on 31 May 2009 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2009–10_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'The 2009-10 Austrian Football Bundesliga is the 98th season of top-tier football in Austria . The competition is officially called tipp3-Bundesliga powered by T-Mobile , named after the Austrian betting company tipp3 and the Austrian branch of German mobile phone company T-Mobile . The season began on the weekend of 18 July 2009 and ended on 13 May 2010 . RB Salzburg claimed the championship on the last matchday , their second consecutive title .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2011–12_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'The 2011-12 Austrian Football Bundesliga will be the 100th season of top-tier football in Austria and was contested by ten teams . The Austrian football champion was determined in four heats . The championship began on 16 July 2011 and ended on 17 May 2012 with the completion of the 36th and final round . The champion was Red Bull Salzburg for the seventh time . Rapid Wien was the runner-up by six points . While Salzburg became eligible for the qualification to the UEFA Champions League ( second round ) by winning the championship , Rapid and third-place Admira Wacker Mödling - the most successful promoted team in Bundesliga history - became eligible to play in a qualification for the UEFA Europa League ( second round ) . Sixth-place SV Ried was also eligible because of its participation in the cup final of the Europa League . Kapfenberger SV ended the championship in last place and therefore had to move down to the second-level First League after four seasons in the Bundesliga .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2013–14_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'The 2013-14 Austrian Football Bundesliga is the 102nd season of top-tier football in Austria .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2014–15_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'The 2014-15 Austrian Football Bundesliga was the 103rd season of top-tier football in Austria . FC Red Bull Salzburg won their 9th title , and second in succession .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2015–16_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'The 2015-16 Austrian Football Bundesliga was the 104th season of top-tier football in Austria . Red Bull Salzburg were the defending champions .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2016–17_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'The 2016-17 Austrian Football Bundesliga was the 105th season of top-tier football in Austria . Red Bull Salzburg are the defending champions . The fixtures were announced on 14 June 2016 . The season began on 23 July 2016 and ended on 28 May 2017 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2017–18_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'The 2017-18 Austrian Football Bundesliga was the 106th season of top-tier football in Austria . Red Bull Salzburg successfully defended their last years title .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2018–19_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': "The 2018-19 Austrian Football Bundesliga was the 107th season of top-tier football in Austria . Red Bull Salzburg successfully defended last year 's title ."}]}, {'value': 'Wacker Innsbruck ( 5 ) ( 4 ) Swarovski Tirol ( 2 ) ( 1 ) Tirol Innsbruck ( 3 ) ( - )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Wacker_Innsbruck', 'summary': 'FC Wacker Innsbruck was an Austrian association football club from Innsbruck , Tyrol .'}, {'url': '/wiki/FC_Swarovski_Tirol', 'summary': 'FC Swarovski Tirol was an Austrian association football club from 1986-1992 , based in Innsbruck , Tyrol , Austria .'}, {'url': '/wiki/FC_Tirol_Innsbruck', 'summary': 'FC Tirol Innsbruck was an Austrian association football club from Innsbruck , Tyrol which existed between 1993 and 2002 , when bankruptcy was declared .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1970-71 , 1971-72 , 1972-73 , 1974-75 , 1976-77 , 1988-89 , 1989-90 , 1999-00 , 2000-01 , 2001-02', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1970–71_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian national league in the 1970-71 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1971–72_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian national league in the 1971-72 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1972–73_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian national league in the 1972-73 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1974–75_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': '1974-75 Austrian Football Bundesliga is the 1st season of the Bundesliga.It was contested by 10 teams , and Wacker Innsbruck won the championship .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1976–77_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1976-77 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1988–89_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1988-89 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1989–90_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1989-90 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Austrian_Football_Bundesliga_1999–2000', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1999-2000 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Austrian_Football_Bundesliga_2000–01', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 2000-01 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Austrian_Football_Bundesliga_2001–02', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 2001-02 season .'}]}, {'value': 'SK Admira Wien ( 8 ) ( 5 ) SC Wacker Wien ( 1 ) ( 7 ) Admira Wacker Wien ( - ) ( 1 ) *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Admira_Wacker_Mödling', 'summary': 'FC Admira Wacker Mödling , also known as simply Admira , is a football club from Mödling , Austria . The club was originally formed in 1905 as SK Admira Wien in the Austrian capital . Mergers in 1971 with SC Wacker Wien , in 1997 with VfB Mödling and in 2008 with SK Schwadorf led to its current name . The club were promoted to the Austrian Bundesliga for the 2011-12 season after gaining promotion at the end of the 2010-11 First League season and finished 3rd in their first season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/FC_Admira_Wacker_Mödling', 'summary': 'FC Admira Wacker Mödling , also known as simply Admira , is a football club from Mödling , Austria . The club was originally formed in 1905 as SK Admira Wien in the Austrian capital . Mergers in 1971 with SC Wacker Wien , in 1997 with VfB Mödling and in 2008 with SK Schwadorf led to its current name . The club were promoted to the Austrian Bundesliga for the 2011-12 season after gaining promotion at the end of the 2010-11 First League season and finished 3rd in their first season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/FC_Admira_Wacker_Mödling', 'summary': 'FC Admira Wacker Mödling , also known as simply Admira , is a football club from Mödling , Austria . The club was originally formed in 1905 as SK Admira Wien in the Austrian capital . Mergers in 1971 with SC Wacker Wien , in 1997 with VfB Mödling and in 2008 with SK Schwadorf led to its current name . The club were promoted to the Austrian Bundesliga for the 2011-12 season after gaining promotion at the end of the 2010-11 First League season and finished 3rd in their first season .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1926-27 , 1927-28 , 1931-32 , 1933-34 , 1935-36 , 1936-37 , 1938-39 , 1946-47 , 1965-66', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1926–27_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian first league in the 1926-27 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1927–28_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian first league in the 1927-28 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1931–32_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian first league in season 1931-32 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1933–34_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian first league in the 1933-34 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1935–36_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian first league in the 1935-36 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1936–37_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian first league in the 1936-37 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1938–39_Gauliga_Ostmark', 'summary': 'The 1938-39 Gauliga Ostmark was the inaugural season of the Gauliga Ostmark and organized by the Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund für Leibesübungen ( NSRL ) , the Sports Office of the Third Reich . In March 1938 Nazi Germany had annexed Austria in what is commonly referred to as the Anschluss , with the Gauliga Ostmark formed as a consequence . Austria and the Austrian football championship thereby ceased to exist until the end of the Second World War . SK Admira Wien won the championship and qualified for the 1939 German football championship where it lost 9-0 in the final to FC Schalke 04 . The Gauliga Ostmark and Gauliga Donau-Alpenland titles from 1938 to 1944 , excluding the 1944-45 season which was not completed , are recognised as official Austrian football championships by the Austrian Bundesliga .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1946–47_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian league in the 1946-47 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1965–66_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian national league in the 1965-66 season .'}]}, {'value': 'First Vienna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Vienna_FC', 'summary': "First Vienna FC is an Austrian association football club based in the Döbling district of Vienna . Established on 22 August 1894 , it is the country 's oldest team and has played a notable role in the history of the game there . It is familiarly known to Austrians by the English name Vienna ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1930-31 , 1932-33 , 1941-42 , 1942-43 , 1943-44 , 1954-55', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1930–31_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian first league in the 1930-31 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1932–33_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian first league in the 1932-33 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1941–42_Gauliga_Donau-Alpenland', 'summary': 'The 1941-42 Gauliga Donau-Alpenland was the fourth season of the Gauliga Donau-Alpenland , formerly the Gauliga Ostmark , the first tier of football in German-annexed Austria from 1938 to 1945 . First Vienna FC won the championship and qualified for the 1942 German football championship , reaching the final where it lost 2-0 to FC Schalke 04 . The Gauliga Ostmark and Gauliga Donau-Alpenland titles from 1938 to 1944 , excluding the 1944-45 season which was not completed , are recognised as official Austrian football championships by the Austrian Bundesliga .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1942–43_Gauliga_Donau-Alpenland', 'summary': 'The 1942-43 Gauliga Donau-Alpenland was the fifth season of the Gauliga Donau-Alpenland , formerly the Gauliga Ostmark , the first tier of football in German-annexed Austria from 1938 to 1945 . First Vienna FC won the championship and qualified for the 1943 German football championship , reaching the semi-finals where it lost 2-1 to FV Saarbrücken . The 1942-43 season saw the ninth edition of the Tschammerpokal , now the DFB-Pokal . The 1943 edition was won by First Vienna FC , defeating Luftwaffe team LSV Hamburg 3-2 after extra time on 31 October 1943 . The Gauliga Ostmark and Gauliga Donau-Alpenland titles from 1938 to 1944 , excluding the 1944-45 season which was not completed , are recognised as official Austrian football championships by the Austrian Bundesliga .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1943–44_Gauliga_Donau-Alpenland', 'summary': 'The 1943-44 Gauliga Donau-Alpenland was the sixth season of the Gauliga Donau-Alpenland , formerly the Gauliga Ostmark , the first tier of football in German-annexed Austria from 1938 to 1945 . First Vienna FC won the championship and qualified for the 1944 German football championship , reaching the quarter-finals where it lost 3-2 to eventual winners Dresdner SC . The Gauliga Ostmark and Gauliga Donau-Alpenland titles from 1938 to 1944 , excluding the 1944-45 season which was not completed , are recognised as official Austrian football championships by the Austrian Bundesliga .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1954–55_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga A in the 1954-55 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Wiener SK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wiener_Sport-Club', 'summary': "The Wiener Sport-Club , sometimes abbreviated as WSC , was established in 1883 in Vienna , Austria and is one of the country 's oldest athletics clubs . Their traditional home is in the Dornbach quarter of the city ( 17th district ) . At various times throughout its history the club has had departments for fencing , boxing , wrestling , cycling , handball , track and field , field hockey , tennis , squash , football and water polo . The football team enjoyed success in Austria National Championship in 1922 , 1958 and 1959 . Their 1958 season included an impressive 7-0 victory over Juventus in European Champions Cup . Two bankruptcies in the 1990s eventually led the team to slip into the lower leagues . In 2001 the football section split off as Wiener Sportklub due to financial troubles and was re-integrated back into WSC in 2017 . The first squad currently plays in the Austrian Regional League East ( 3rd Division ) . The club 's home ground Wiener Sport-Club Stadium ( or Wiener Sport-Club Platz in German ) dates back to 1904 and is considered as Austria 's oldest actively used football field . Player and coach Erich Hof is known as the club 's legend ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1921-22 , 1957-58 , 1958-59', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1921–22_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'The 1921-22 Austrian First Class season was the eleventh season of top-tier football in Austria . Wiener Sportclub claim their first Austrian title after winning the title by two points over second place Hakoah Vienna while FC Ostmark was relegated to the second tier .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1957–58_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga A in the 1957-58 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1958–59_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga A in the 1958-59 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Sturm Graz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SK_Sturm_Graz', 'summary': 'Sportklub Sturm Graz is an Austrian association football club , based in Graz , Styria , playing in the Austrian Football Bundesliga . The club was founded in 1909 . Its colours are black and white . In its history , Sturm Graz has won the Austrian football championship three times , in 1998 , 1999 and 2011 , and participated several times in the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League . Their biggest rivals are Graz neighbours Grazer AK .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-98 , 1998-99 , 2010-11', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1997–98_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1997-98 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1998–99_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 1998-99 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2010–11_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'The 2010-11 Austrian Football Bundesliga is the 99th season of top-tier football in Austria . The competition was officially called tipp3-Bundesliga powered by T-Mobile , named after the Austrian betting company tipp3 and the Austrian branch of German mobile phone company T-Mobile . The season began in July 2010 and ended in May 2011 . Red Bull Salzburg are the defending champions , having won their sixth title last season .'}]}, {'value': 'Floridsdorfer AC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Floridsdorfer_AC', 'summary': 'The Floridsdorfer Athletics Sports Club ( previously known as FAC Team für Wien ) is a football club from the 21st Viennese district of Floridsdorf . Floridsdorfer won the Austrian football championship in 1918 and are currently playing in the Austrian Football Second League . The club colors are blue and white .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1917-18', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1917–18_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'The 1917-18 Austrian First Class season was the seventh season of top-tier football in Austria . It was won by Floridsdorfer AC who would finish ahead of SK Rapid Wien by goal difference .'}]}, {'value': 'Wiener AF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wiener_AF', 'summary': 'Wiener AF or WAF was a football club which played in Austria . It dissolved in 2004 .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1913-14', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1913–14_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'The 1913-14 Austrian First Class season was the third season of top-tier football in Austria . It was won by Wiener AF as they won by head to head results against second place SK Rapid Wien'}]}, {'value': 'LASK Linz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LASK_Linz', 'summary': "Linzer Athletik-Sport-Klub , commonly known as LASK Linz ( German pronunciation : [ lask lɪnʦ ] ( listen ) ) or simply LASK , is an Austrian association football club , from the Upper-Austrian state capital Linz . It is the oldest football club hailing from that region , and plays in the Austrian Football Bundesliga , the top tier of Austrian football . The club 's colours are black and white . The women 's football department plays in the second highest division of Austrian women 's football . LASK was founded on 7 August 1908 . In 1965 , the club became the first team outside Vienna to win the Austrian football championship . This is also its only championship to date . The club currently plays its league fixtures at the Waldstadion in Pasching , however plays at the 14,000 capacity Linzer Stadion in UEFA competitions ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1964-65', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1964–65_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Staatsliga in the 1964-65 season .'}]}, {'value': 'VÖEST Linz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Linz', 'summary': 'FC Linz was an Austrian football club , based in Linz , Upper Austria .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1973-74', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1973–74_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian national league in the 1973-74 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Grazer AK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grazer_AK', 'summary': 'Grazer AK , founded 18 August 1902 as Grazer Athletiksport Klub ( in Austria the abbreviation GAK is more common ) , is an Austrian sports club , from the city of Graz in the federal state of Styria ( Steiermark ) . The football section used to be one of the most popular Austrian clubs , mostly successful in the decade 1995-2005 . The other sections are basketball , diving and tennis , which however all act as separate legal entities . The GAK football section was folded during the 2012-13 Regionalliga Mitte Season in Autumn 2012 . It has since been revived and returned to Austrian Second League in 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003-04', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003–04_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga', 'summary': 'Statistics of Austrian Football Bundesliga in the 2003-04 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Wiener AC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wiener_AC', 'summary': 'Wiener Athletiksport Club , also known as Wiener AC or WAC , is an Austrian sports club in Vienna . It is particularly noted for its hockey team , which was established in 1900 . Its football team won the Austrian Championships and was Runner-up in the Mitropa Cup .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1914-15', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1914–15_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': 'The 1914-15 Austrian First Class season was the fourth season of top-tier football in Austria . It was won by Wiener AC .'}]}, {'value': 'Hakoah Vienna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hakoah_Vienna', 'summary': 'SC Hakoah Vienna ( German : Sport Club Hakoah Wien ; Hakoah means the strength in Hebrew ) is a Jewish sports club in Vienna , Austria . Prior to World War II , it produced several Olympic athletes and was notable for fielding an entirely Jewish association football team with players drawn from across Europe . Closed down by the Nazis in 1938 following the Anschluss , it re-formed in 1945 , though its football team was disbanded in 1949 .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1924-25', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1924–25_Austrian_football_championship', 'summary': "The 1924-25 Austrian first league season was contested by 11 teams playing a 20-game season . Hakoah Vienna 's goalkeeper scored the championship-winning goal against Wiener AC . This was also the first year in which professionalism was introduced to the league ."}]}, {'value': 'SpC Rudolfshügel', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brigittenauer AC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FC Wien', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SV Ried', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SV_Ried', 'summary': 'SV Ried is an Austrian association football club from Ried im Innkreis , Upper Austria . The team plays its home matches at Keine Sorgen Arena , a stadium with a capacity of 7,680 . The club currently plays in the second division or Erste Liga after being relegated from Bundesliga in the 2016/17 season . For sponsorship reasons , the name of the club is currently SV Guntamatic Ried .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Performance -- Performance by club', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Austrian_Football_Bundesliga_1', 'intro': "The Austrian Football Bundesliga (German: Österreichische Fußball-Bundesliga [ˈøːstɐʁaɪ̯çɪʃə ˈfuːsbal ˈbʊndəsliːɡa], Austrian Football Federal League) is the highest-ranking national league club competition in Austrian football. The competition decides the Austrian national football champions, as well the country's entrants for the various European cups run by UEFA. Since Austria stayed in sixteenth place in the UEFA association coefficient rankings at the end of the 2015-16 season, the league gained its first spot for the UEFA Champions League. The Austrian Bundesliga, which began in the 1974-75 season, has been a separate registered association since 1 December 1991. It has been most won by the two Viennese giants Austria Wien, who were national champions 21 times, and Rapid Wien, who won the national title 32 times. Rapids Last title was in the 2007-08 Season. The current champions are Red Bull Salzburg. Hans Rinner is president of the Austrian Bundesliga. The Austrian Football Bundesliga is currently known as Tipico Bundesliga for sponsorship reasons."}	null	null	What is this football club often known as that won the the 33rd T-Mobile League season ?	Die Grün-Weißen
09e39d53023feca7	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_actors_who_played_the_president_of_the_United_States', 'title': 'List of actors who played the president of the United States', 'header': ['Actress', 'President', 'Film', 'Year'], 'data': [{'value': 'Christina Applegate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christina_Applegate', 'summary': "Christina Applegate ( born November 25 , 1971 ) is an American actress and dancer . As an adolescent actress , she started playing the role of Kelly Bundy on the Fox sitcom Married . with Children ( 1987-1997 ) . In her adult years , Applegate established a film and television career , winning an Emmy Award ( for her guest role in the sitcom Friends ) and earning Tony and Golden Globe nominations . Applegate has had major roles in several films , including Do n't Tell Mom the Babysitter 's Dead ( 1991 ) , The Big Hit ( 1998 ) , The Sweetest Thing ( 2002 ) , Grand Theft Parsons ( 2003 ) , Anchorman : The Legend of Ron Burgundy ( 2004 ) and its sequel Anchorman 2 : The Legend Continues ( 2013 ) , Hall Pass ( 2011 ) , Vacation ( 2015 ) , and Bad Moms ( 2016 ) . She has also starred in the 2005 Broadway revival of the musical Sweet Charity , for which she received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical . Applegate has played the lead role in the television sitcoms Jesse ( 1998-2000 ) , Samantha Who ? ( 2007-2009 ) and Up All Night ( 2011-12 ) , and in the Netflix dark tragicomedy series Dead to Me ( 2019 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'President Diane Steen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mafia !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mafia!', 'summary': "Mafia ! , also known as Jane Austen 's Mafia ! , is a 1998 comedy film directed by Jim Abrahams and starring Jay Mohr , Lloyd Bridges ( in one of his final films ) , Olympia Dukakis and Christina Applegate . The film spoofs Francis Ford Coppola 's Godfather series and various other mafia films , notably Martin Scorsese 's Casino . It also parodies films in other genres , ranging from Forrest Gump to Il Postino and The English Patient ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ernestine Barrier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ernestine_Barrier', 'summary': "Ernestine Barrier ( March 19 , 1908 - February 13 , 1989 ) was an American actress of stage , film and television . Her birth name was Ernestine Spratt , but she used the stage name of Ernestine De Becker ( after her mother 's maiden name ) . She is noted for playing a female president in the film Project Moonbase ( 1953 ) . Descended from an acting family , Barrier made her first stage appearance at the age of roughly six months when she was carried onstage by her mother Ernestine ( Nesta ) De Becker ( sister of Marie De Becker ) , also an actress . Barrier acted into her eighties appearing on such television shows as Charlie 's Angels , CHiPs , and The Waltons and the television film A Family Upside Down ( 1978 ) with Helen Hayes and Fred Astaire . Her feature film appearances include Lust for Life ( 1956 ) with Kirk Douglas , and The Bottom of the Bottle ( also 1956 ) with Van Johnson and Joseph Cotten . She is also remembered for her work in the 1930s on Broadway where she appeared under the name Ernestine De Becker in Anton Chekhov 's The Seagull , Jean Giraudoux 's Amphitryon 38 , Robert E. Sherwood 's Idiot 's Delight , Shakespeare 's The Taming of the Shrew , and Late One Evening by Audrey Carten and Waveney Carten . In 1946 , she returned to Broadway ( using her married name of Ernestine Barrier ) appearing with her husband Edgar Barrier in On Whitman Avenue . She was survived by her son , the former actor Michael Barrier , and her granddaughter Maerian Morris ."}]}, {'value': 'Madame President', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Project Moonbase', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Project_Moonbase', 'summary': 'Project Moonbase ( a.k.a . Project Moon Base ) is a 1953 independently made black-and-white science fiction film , produced by Jack Seaman , directed by Richard Talmadge , and starring Ross Ford , Donna Martell , Hayden Rorke . It co-stars Larry Johns , Herb Jacobs , Barbara Morrison , and Ernestine Barrier . The film was distributed by Lippert Pictures and is based on a story by Robert A. Heinlein , who shares the screenwriting credit with producer Jack Seaman . Project Moonbase is unusual for its time in both attempting to portray space travel in a realistic manner and for depicting a future in which women hold positions of authority and responsibility equal to men ; as an example , the President of the United States is a woman . Mystery Science Theater 3000 featured the film in January 1990 as an episode during its first season on The Comedy Channel . It had been originally broadcast in 1986 as a syndicated television episode of the Canned Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': '1953', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Polly Bergen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Polly_Bergen', 'summary': 'Polly Bergen ( born Nellie Paulina Burgin ; July 14 , 1930 - September 20 , 2014 ) was an American actress , singer , television host , writer and entrepreneur . She won an Emmy Award in 1958 for her performance as Helen Morgan in The Helen Morgan Story . For her stage work , she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her performance as Carlotta Campion in Follies in 2001 . Her film work included Cape Fear ( 1962 ) and The Caretakers ( 1963 ) , for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama . She hosted her own weekly variety show for one season ( The Polly Bergen Show ) , was a regular panelist on the TV game show To Tell The Truth and later in life had recurring roles in The Sopranos and Desperate Housewives . She wrote three books on beauty , fashion and charm .'}]}, {'value': 'President Leslie McCloud', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kisses for My President', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kisses_for_My_President', 'summary': "Kisses for My President is a 1964 comedy film directed by Curtis Bernhardt and starring Fred MacMurray and Polly Bergen . Leslie McCloud ( Bergen ) makes history when she is elected the first female President of the United States . However , her husband Thad McCloud ( MacMurray ) is less enthusiastic . The picture 's supporting cast features Eli Wallach , Arlene Dahl , Edward Andrews , and Donald May . Kisses for My President was the last theatrical film directed by Bernhardt , whose career stretched back to the silent era ."}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sally Champlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sally_Champlin', 'summary': "Sally Champlin is an American character actress of film and television and singer/recording artist . Champlin attended Tamalpais High School , in Mill Valley , California . After joining choir , she began professional voice training and performed in several productions before graduating in 1962 . After high school , she attended San Francisco State College . Champlin is known for appearing in such films as Die Watching , An Element of Truth , In the Light of the Moon and Family Secrets . She also had a minor recurring role on the series Heroes as Lynette , featuring most prominently in the episodes Shadowboxing and Once Upon a Time In Texas . Other television shows she has appeared in include Dallas , Murphy Brown ( in 3 episodes as Maureen ) , Frasier and Mike & Molly . She appeared in 10 episodes of The Young and the Restless as Judge Pat Stewart . Champlin also portrayed the President of the United States in Perfect Lover . She also appears in the 2000 film Ed Gein , as the quick-witted , ( dirty-talker ) barmaid , and one of Ed 's unfortunate victims , Mary Hogan ."}]}, {'value': 'The President', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Woman Every Man Wants', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caroline Goodall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caroline_Goodall', 'summary': "Caroline Cruice Goodall ( born 13 November 1959 ) is an English actress and screenwriter . She was nominated for AFI Awards for her roles in the 1989 miniseries Cassidy , and the 1995 film Hotel Sorrento . Her other film appearances include Hook ( 1991 ) , Cliffhanger ( 1993 ) , Schindler 's List ( 1993 ) , Disclosure ( 1994 ) , White Squall ( 1996 ) , The Princess Diaries ( 2001 ) and The Best of Me ( 2014 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'President Ilene Dover', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hunter Killer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hunter_Killer_(film)', 'summary': 'Hunter Killer is a 2018 American action thriller film directed by Donovan Marsh , written by Arne Schmidt and Jamie Moss , and based on the 2012 novel Firing Point by Don Keith and George Wallace . The film stars Gerard Butler , Gary Oldman , Michael Nyqvist ( in one of his final film roles ) , Common , Linda Cardellini and Toby Stephens , and follows a submarine crew and a group of Navy SEALS who rescue the captured Russian President from a coup . Hunter Killer was released in the United States on October 26 , 2018 , by Summit Entertainment . A box-office flop , the film received mixed reviews from critics , who saw it as an undemanding , by-the-numbers actioner .'}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Penny Johnson Jerald', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penny_Johnson_Jerald', 'summary': "Penny Johnson Jerald ( born March 14 , 1961 ) is an American actress . She played Beverly Barnes on the HBO comedy series The Larry Sanders Show , Kasidy Yates on the syndicated science fiction series Star Trek : Deep Space Nine , Sherry Palmer on the Fox action/drama series 24 , Captain Victoria Iron Gates on the ABC comedy-drama series Castle , and currently plays Dr. Claire Finn on the Fox network 's series The Orville ."}]}, {'value': 'President Amanda Waller', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amanda_Waller', 'summary': 'Amanda Blake Waller is a fictional main character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . The character first appeared in Legends # 1 in 1986 , and was created by John Ostrander , Len Wein , and John Byrne . Amanda Waller is an antagonist and occasional ally to the superheroes of the DC Universe . Amanda Waller is an ambivalent character in the DC Universe . She is the director for the deadly missions of the Suicide Squad and a specialist who oversees research into people with powers . Although she lacks superpowers herself , the character is a ruthless , high-ranking government official who uses guile , political connections , and sheer intimidation to achieve her goals , often in the name of national security . Waller is commonly associated with the fictional government agencies Checkmate and A.R.G.U.S . In recent years , the character has been substantially adapted into animated and live action media . Several actresses have voiced or portrayed the character : CCH Pounder for various animated projects ; Pam Grier on the live-action series Smallville ; Angela Bassett in the live-action film Green Lantern ; Sheryl Lee Ralph in the animated series Young Justice ; Cynthia Addai-Robinson in the live-action series Arrow ; Yvette Nicole Brown in the animated series DC Super Hero Girls ; and Viola Davis in the live-action DC Extended Universe film Suicide Squad . Davis will return to portray the role in the sequel .'}]}, {'value': 'Justice League : Gods and Monsters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Justice_League:_Gods_and_Monsters', 'summary': 'Justice League : Gods and Monsters is a 2015 direct-to-video animated superhero film , part of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series . It features an alternate universe version of the DC Comics superhero team the Justice League . It was released as a download on July 21 , 2015 , and released on DVD and Blu-ray on July 28 , 2015 .'}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stephanie Paul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephanie_Paul', 'summary': 'Stephanie Paul is a New Zealand actress and comedian . She starred as a Sarah Palin-esque United States president in the 2012 film Iron Sky .'}]}, {'value': 'The President', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iron Sky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iron_Sky', 'summary': "Iron Sky is a 2012 Finnish-German-Australian comic-science-fiction action film directed by Timo Vuorensola and written by Johanna Sinisalo and Michael Kalesniko . It tells the story of a group of Nazi Germans who , having been defeated in 1945 , fled to the Moon , where they built a space fleet to return in 2018 and conquer Earth . Iron Sky comes from the creators of Star Wreck : In the Pirkinning and was produced by Tero Kaukomaa of Blind Spot Pictures and Energia Productions , co-produced by New Holland Pictures and 27 Films , and co-financed by numerous individual supporters ; Samuli Torssonen was responsible for the computer-generated imagery . It was theatrically released throughout Europe in April 2012 . A director 's cut of the film with 20 additional minutes was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 11 March 2014 . A video-game adaptation titled Iron Sky : Invasion was released in October 2012 . A sequel , titled Iron Sky : The Coming Race , was crowdfunded through Indiegogo and released in January 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joan Rivers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joan_Rivers', 'summary': "Joan Alexandra Molinsky ( June 8 , 1933 - September 4 , 2014 ) , known professionally as Joan Rivers , was an American comedian , actress , writer , producer , and television host . She was noted for her often controversial comedic persona - heavily self-deprecating and sharply acerbic , especially towards celebrities and politicians . Rivers rose to prominence in 1965 as a guest on The Tonight Show . Hosted by her mentor , Johnny Carson , the show established Rivers ' comedic style . In 1986 , with her own rival program , The Late Show with Joan Rivers , Rivers became the first woman to host a late night network television talk show . She subsequently hosted The Joan Rivers Show ( 1989-1993 ) , winning a Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Talk Show Host . From the mid-1990s , she became known for her comedic red carpet awards show celebrity interviews , and in 2009 , she was the Celebrity Apprentice Winner . Rivers co-hosted the E ! celebrity fashion show Fashion Police from 2010 to 2014 and starred in the reality series Joan & Melissa : Joan Knows Best ? ( 2011-2014 ) with daughter Melissa Rivers . She was the subject of the documentary Joan Rivers : A Piece of Work ( 2010 ) . In addition to marketing a line of jewelry and apparel on the QVC shopping channel , Rivers authored 12 best-selling books and three LP comedy albums under her own name : Mr. Phyllis And Other Funny Stories ( Warner Bros 1965 ) , The Next To Last Joan Rivers Album ( Buddah 1969 ) , and What Becomes A Semi-Legend Most ?"}]}, {'value': 'President Rivers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Les Patterson Saves the World', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Les_Patterson_Saves_the_World', 'summary': 'Les Patterson Saves the World is a 1987 Australian comedy film starring Barry Humphries as his stage creations Sir Les Patterson and Dame Edna Everage .'}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Loretta Swit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Loretta_Swit', 'summary': 'Loretta Jane Swit ( born November 4 , 1937 ) is an American stage and television actress known for her character roles . Swit is best known for her portrayal of Major Margaret Hot Lips Houlihan on MAS*H , for which she won two Emmy Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'President Barbara Adams', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Whoops Apocalypse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Whoops_Apocalypse', 'summary': 'Whoops Apocalypse is a six-part 1982 television sitcom by Andrew Marshall and David Renwick , made by London Weekend Television for ITV . Marshall and Renwick later reworked the concept as a 1986 film of the same name from ITC Entertainment , with almost completely different characters and plot , although one or two of the original actors returned in different roles . The British budget label Channel 5 Video released a compilation cassette of all six episodes edited together into one 137-minute chunk in 1987 . In 2010 Network DVD released both the complete , unedited series and the movie on a 2-DVD set ( Region 2 ) entitled Whoops Apocalypse : The Complete Apocalypse . ( Rights issues were simplified by the fact that both LWT and ITC Entertainment productions were by this time owned by Granada ) . In 1992 Fox Television produced a short-lived sitcom , Woops ! , which may have been loosely inspired by Whoops Apocalypse , though the American series was set after the apocalypse rather than before it .'}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charlize Theron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charlize_Theron', 'summary': "Charlize Theron ( /ʃɑːrˈliːz ˈθɛrən/ shar-LEEZ THERR-ən ; Afrikaans : [ ʃarˈlis ˈtrɔn ] ; born 7 August 1975 ) is a South African and American actress and producer . She is the recipient of several accolades , including an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award , an American Cinematheque Award , and the Silver Bear for Best Actress . Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2016 , and she is one of the world 's highest-paid actresses , as of 2019 . Theron came to international prominence in the 1990s by playing the leading lady in the Hollywood films The Devil 's Advocate ( 1997 ) , Mighty Joe Young ( 1998 ) , and The Cider House Rules ( 1999 ) . In 2003 , she received critical acclaim for her portrayal of serial killer Aileen Wuornos in Monster , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress , becoming the first South African to win an Oscar in an acting category . She received another Academy Award nomination for playing a sexually abused woman seeking justice in the drama North Country ( 2005 ) . Theron has since starred in several top-grossing action films , including Hancock ( 2008 ) , Snow White and the Huntsman ( 2012 ) , Prometheus ( 2012 ) , Mad Max : Fury Road ( 2015 ) , The Fate of the Furious ( 2017 ) , and Atomic Blonde ( 2017 ) . She also received praise for playing troubled women in Jason Reitman 's comedy-dramas Young Adult ( 2011 ) and Tully ( 2018 ) , and for portraying Megyn Kelly in the drama Bombshell ( 2019 ) , receiving a third Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Since the early 2000s , Theron has ventured into film production with her company Denver and Delilah Productions . She has produced numerous films , in many of which she had a starring role , including The Burning Plain ( 2008 ) , Dark Places ( 2015 ) , and Long Shot ( 2019 ) . Theron became an American citizen in 2007 , while retaining her South African citizenship ."}]}, {'value': 'President Charlotte Field', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Shot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Shot_(2019_film)', 'summary': "Long Shot is a 2019 American romantic comedy film directed by Jonathan Levine and written by Dan Sterling and Liz Hannah . The plot follows a journalist ( Seth Rogen ) who reunites with his former babysitter ( Charlize Theron ) , now the United States Secretary of State . O'Shea Jackson Jr. , Andy Serkis , June Diane Raphael , Bob Odenkirk , and Alexander Skarsgård also star . The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 9 , 2019 , and was theatrically released in the United States on May 3 , 2019 , by Lionsgate . It received generally positive reviews from critics and praise for the chemistry between Rogen and Theron , but underperformed at the box office ."}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sela Ward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sela_Ward', 'summary': "Sela Ann Ward ( born July 11 , 1956 ) is an American actress , author , and producer , best known for her roles on television beginning in the early 1980s . [ citation needed ] Her breakthrough TV role was as Teddy Reed in the NBC drama series Sisters ( 1991-96 ) , for which she received her first Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 1994 . She received her second Primetime Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama for the leading role of Lily Manning in the ABC drama series Once and Again ( 1999-2002 ) . Ward later had the recurring role of Stacy Warner in the Fox medical drama House , also starred as Jo Danville in the CBS police procedural CSI : NY ( 2010-2013 ) and starred as Dana Mosier in the CBS police procedural series FBI ( 2018-2019 ) . She also played supporting roles in films , including The Man Who Loved Women ( 1983 ) , Rustlers ' Rhapsody ( 1985 ) , Nothing in Common ( 1986 ) , Hello Again ( 1987 ) , The Fugitive ( 1993 ) , My Fellow Americans ( 1996 ) , The Day After Tomorrow ( 2004 ) , The Guardian ( 2006 ) , The Stepfather ( 2009 ) , and Gone Girl ( 2014 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'President Elizabeth Lanford', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Independence Day : Resurgence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Independence_Day:_Resurgence', 'summary': "Independence Day : Resurgence is a 2016 American epic science fiction disaster film directed by Roland Emmerich and written by Emmerich , Dean Devlin , Nicolas Wright , James A . Woods , and James Vanderbilt . A sequel to the 1996 film Independence Day , it stars an ensemble cast featuring Liam Hemsworth , Jeff Goldblum , Bill Pullman , Maika Monroe , Jessie Usher , Travis Tope , William Fichtner , Charlotte Gainsbourg , Judd Hirsch , Brent Spiner , Angelababy and Sela Ward . The film takes place twenty years after the events of the first film , during which the United Nations has collaborated to form Earth Space Defense , an international military defense and research organization . Through reverse engineering , the world has fused the power of alien technology with humanity 's and laid the groundwork to resist a second invasion . Plans for a sequel to Independence Day began as early as 2001 , with 20th Century Fox eventually green-lighting the project in 2014 . Principal photography began in April 2015 at locations primarily in New Mexico but also in the Bonneville Salt Flats of Utah , which were featured in the original . Independence Day : Resurgence was released in the United States on June 24 , 2016 , twenty years after the release of Independence Day , in 2D , 3D , and IMAX 3D , grossing $ 389.7 million worldwide at the box office . It received negative reactions from critics and audiences and was considered a box office disappointment ."}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Actresses who played fictional presidents -- Films', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_actors_who_played_President_of_the_United_States_10', 'intro': 'This is a partial list of actors and actresses who have played the role of a real or fictitious President of the United States in films or television.'}	null	null	Who escapes to the moon in the movie in which Stephanie Paul played The President in 2012 ?	Nazi Germans
09e40c948da24740	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Meath_Senior_Football_Championship', 'title': '2011 Meath Senior Football Championship', 'header': ['Club', 'Location', '2010 Championship Position', '2011 Championship Position'], 'data': [{'value': 'Blackhall Gaels', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blackhall_Gaels_GAA', 'summary': 'Blackhall Gaels is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the Parish of Kilcloon . The parish consists of the main townlands of Batterstown , Mulhussey and Kilcloon near the town of Dunboyne , in County Meath . The club plays hurling and football in Meath GAA competitions . The club grounds are located in Batterstown and Kilcloon , and training and matches take place in both these locations on a daily basis . Blackhall Gaels are a young team and currently compete at senior level . Players are usually graduates of the local primary schools : Scoil Naisiúnta Naomh Iosaif , Mulhussey ; Scoil Oilibhéar Naofa , Kilcloon , and Rathregan NS in Batterstown . The club won the Meath Senior Football Championship in 2003 after beating Simonstown Gaels in the final .'}]}, {'value': 'Batterstown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batterstown', 'summary': 'Batterstown ( Irish : Baile an Bhóthair , meaning town of the road ) is a small rural village in the townland of Rathregan ( Ráth Riagáin ) , County Meath , Ireland . It is about 23 km ( 14 mi ) northwest of Dublin , on the R154 regional road . It hosts a yearly cycling race . There are approximately forty houses in Batterstown . The population of Batterstown is approximately 150 people . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Non Qualifier', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Non Qualifier', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Donaghmore/Ashbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donaghmore_Ashbourne_GAA', 'summary': 'Donaghmore/Ashbourne GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the town of Ashbourne in County Meath , Ireland . The club competes in Meath competitions . The team was founded in 1923 under the name Donaghmore but was renamed Donaghmore/Ashbourne in 1996 to reflect the increased number of players and supporters from Ashbourne . The club has won 3 Meath Senior Football Championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Ashbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ashbourne,_County_Meath', 'summary': "Ashbourne , historically called Killeglan or Kildeglan ( Irish : Cill Dhéagláin , meaning Déaglán 's church ) , is the second largest town in County Meath , Ireland . It is about 20 km north of Dublin close to the M2 motorway ."}]}, {'value': 'Quarter Finalist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Semi Finalist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Duleek/Bellewstown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duleek/Bellewstown_GAA', 'summary': 'Duleek/Bellewstown is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Duleek , in County Meath , Ireland . The club plays football in Meath GAA competitions . Duleek won the Meath Senior Football Championship once in 1943 and was their only Senior Football Championship wins . The club currently competes at intermediate level . Over recent years a plan has been put in place for the renewal of the club grounds including many new amenities such as state of the art flood lights a second full size pitch , an astro and many more .'}]}, {'value': 'Duleek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duleek', 'summary': 'Duleek ( /duːˈliːk/ ; Irish : Damhliag , meaning stone house or church ) is a village in County Meath , Ireland . Duleek takes its name from the Irish word daimh liag , meaning house of stones and referring to an early stone-built church , St Cianáns Church , the ruins of which are still visible in Duleek today .'}]}, {'value': 'Quarter Finalist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Relegation Play Off', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dunshaughlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dunshaughlin_GAA', 'summary': 'Dunshaughlin ( Irish : Domhnach Seachnaill ) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the town of Dunshaughlin , in County Meath , Ireland . The club competes at senior level in the Football championship . Formed in 1886 , it is the oldest still-active club in the Meath Senior Football Championship being several months older than Skryne GFC .'}]}, {'value': 'Dunshaughlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dunshaughlin', 'summary': "Dunshaughlin ( Irish : Dún Seachlainn , meaning the fort of Seachlainn or locally Irish : Domhnach Seachnaill , meaning St Seachnall 's Church ) is a town in County Meath , Ireland . A commuter town for nearby Dublin , Dunshaughlin more than tripled in population ( from 1,275 to 4,035 inhabitants ) between the 1991 and 2016 censuses ."}]}, {'value': 'Non Qualifier', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finalist', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Navan O'Mahonys", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Navan_O'Mahonys_GAA", 'summary': "Navan O'Mahonys is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the town of Navan in County Meath , Ireland . The club competes in Meath competitions . With 20 Senior Football wins they are the most successful football club in Meath . The club has also won 2 Senior Hurling Championships placing them in the top 15 most successful hurling sides in the county ."}]}, {'value': 'Navan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Navan', 'summary': 'Navan ( /ˈnævən/ ; Irish : An Uaimh [ ənˠ ˈuəvʲ ] , meaning the Cave ) is the county town of County Meath , Ireland . In 2019 , it had a population of 36,969 , making it the fifth largest town in Ireland . Navan is at the confluence of the River Boyne and Blackwater .'}]}, {'value': 'Non Qualifier', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quarter Finalist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nobber', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nobber_GAA', 'summary': 'Nobber GFC is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Nobber , County Meath , Ireland . The club competes in Meath GAA competitions . The club has won the Meath Senior Football Championship once when North Meath GAA ( which consisted of a few clubs in North Meath including Nobber ) won the title in 1950 . In 1983 , 1986 , and 1989 Nobber reached the semi-final of the Senior championship . The club currently competes at Senior level , after winning the Intermediate Championship in 2019 , The Club also won the Intermediate Championship in 1980 and also in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nobber', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nobber', 'summary': "Nobber ( Irish : an Obair , meaning the work - referring to a moat around a Norman castle ) is a village in north County Meath , Ireland . The village is located near a river called the Dee ( from Irish Abha Fherdiea , meaning 'river of Ferdia ' ) and near Whitewood Lake , which is situated in the townland of Whitewood . It is on the Navan-Kingscourt road ( R162 ) about 12 miles ( 19 km ) north of Navan . This places the village about 37 miles ( 60 km ) from the M50 motorway ; the orbital motorway of Dublin . The town of Kells is to the west and the town of Ardee to the east and the town of Kingscourt is to the north . Villages that border the parish are Kilmainhamwood , Moynalty and Kilbeg to the west , Castletown to the south and Drumconrath and Lobinstown to the east ."}]}, {'value': 'Intermediate Champions', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Relegation Play Off', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oldcastle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oldcastle_GAA', 'summary': 'Oldcastle GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the town of Oldcastle , in County Meath , Ireland . The club plays Gaelic Football and competes in Meath GAA competitions . In 1945 and 1998 the team reached the Meath Senior Football Championship final . living in the shadow of neighbouring clubs Castlerahan and St.Brigids Big signings in 2020 to be announced in the next couple of weeks stay tuned for more info . Noble players : 1 . Packie Kevin 2 . Oran OReilly 3 . Cian McPartland 4 . Eoin Gilsenan 5 . Darren Hawdon 6 . Terrence Farrelly 7 . Stephen Lawless 8 .'}]}, {'value': 'Oldcastle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oldcastle,_County_Meath', 'summary': "Oldcastle ( Irish : An Seanchaisleán ) is a town in County Meath , Ireland . It is located in the north-west of the county near the border with Cavan , approximately 13 miles ( 21 km ) from Kells . The R154 and R195 regional roads cross in the town 's market square . As of the 2016 census the town 's population stood at 1,383 , a growth rate of more than 60% in the 20 years since the 1996 census ( which recorded a population of inhabitants ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Relegation Play Off', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Non Qualifier', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rathkenny', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rathkenny_GAA', 'summary': 'Rathkenny GFC is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the small village of Rathkenny , in County Meath , Ireland . The club takes part in Meath GAA competitions . The club have won 5 Meath Senior Football Championship titles . Rathkenny are currently competing at senior level , and have been since 2007 . The club was founded in 1886 , making it one of the oldest clubs in Meath .'}]}, {'value': 'Rathkenny', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Semi Finalist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Non Qualifier', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seneschalstown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seneschalstown_GAA', 'summary': 'Seneschalstown GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association is small rural club from the Beauparc/Kentstown parish which was founded in 1932 . The club ground is situated about 6 miles east of Navan and 3 miles south of Slane . The club has a proud history in all levels of GAA football over the years and more recently with both our Senior Men and Ladies teams . The club has enjoyed much success in all competitions and has been fortunate to have many players represent the county teams with distinction .'}]}, {'value': 'Kentstown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kentstown', 'summary': 'Kentstown ( Irish : Baile an Cheantaigh ) is a village in County Meath in Ireland at the junction of the R153 and R150 regional roads .'}]}, {'value': 'Finalist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Non Qualifier', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Simonstown Gaels', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Simonstown_Gaels_GAA', 'summary': "Simonstown Gaels GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the town of Navan , in County Meath , Ireland . The club mainly plays Gaelic football . In 2003 and 2004 the team reached the Meath Senior Football Championship final . The Simonstown club also has ladies ' teams from academy to senior level ."}]}, {'value': 'Navan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Navan', 'summary': 'Navan ( /ˈnævən/ ; Irish : An Uaimh [ ənˠ ˈuəvʲ ] , meaning the Cave ) is the county town of County Meath , Ireland . In 2019 , it had a population of 36,969 , making it the fifth largest town in Ireland . Navan is at the confluence of the River Boyne and Blackwater .'}]}, {'value': 'Relegation Play Off', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quarter Finalist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Skryne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Skryne_GFC', 'summary': "Skryne GFC is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the Village of Skryne , in County Meath , Ireland . The club mainly plays Gaelic Football . It competes in Meath GAA competitions . Skryne has the second most Meath Senior Football Championship titles after Navan O Mahony 's . Every All-Ireland Winning Meath team has had a Skryne player as a panel member . Skryne have never been relegated from Senior level in the football championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Skryne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Skryne', 'summary': "Skryne , officially Skreen ( from Irish : Scrín Cholm Cille , meaning Colm Cille 's shrine , or originally called The Hill of Acaill ) , is a village situated on and around a hill between the N2 and N3 national primary roads in County Meath , Ireland . It is situated on the far side of the Gabhra valley from the Hill of Tara . This valley is sometimes referred to as the Tara-Skryne Valley . The Hill of Skryne is higher than the neighbouring Hill of Tara . About 1170 Hugh de Lacy , Lord of Meath granted Skryne to Adam de Feypo , whose descendants used the customary title Baron Skryne . A 15th-century church , known locally as Skryne tower or The Steeple , remains in good condition at the top of the hill and is visible from a large area of Meath . At the foot of the tower is a pub and stables that feature in the Guinness white Christmas television advertisement ."}]}, {'value': 'Champions', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Non Qualifier', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St Patricks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St_Patricks_GAA', 'summary': 'St. Patricks is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the village of Stamullen , in Meath , Ireland . The club competes at senior level in football and Intermediate level in hurling in Meath GAA competitions . The club was founded in January 1950 by the amalgamation Stamullen and Julianstown GAA clubs . The original clubs were mildly successful in senior football with Stamullen and Julianstown both winning a Senior Football Championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Stamullen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stamullen', 'summary': "Stamullen ( Irish : Steach Maoilín , meaning Mullen 's house ) is a village in County Meath , Ireland on the border with County Dublin . It lies just off the M1 motorway some 35 km north of Dublin City and beside the Delvin River . In the late 1990s and early 21st century , it expanded significantly with the development of numerous housing estates in the area ."}]}, {'value': 'Non Qualifier', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Non Qualifier', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St Peters Dunboyne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St_Peters_Dunboyne_GAA', 'summary': "St. Peters , Dunboyne is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the town of Dunboyne , in County Meath , Ireland . The club competes at senior level in football , hurling , Camogie and ladies football in Meath GAA competitions . The club was founded in 1902 by primary school teacher , Bob O'Keefe . The club originally only played hurling but started to play organized games of Gaelic Football in the late 1940s . Currently , the club has over 1200 members , including 700 players across 60 teams ."}]}, {'value': 'Dunboyne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dunboyne', 'summary': "Dunboyne ( Irish : Dún Búinne , meaning Búinne 's stronghold ) is a town in Meath , Ireland . It is located close to Blanchardstown and is a commuter town for Dublin . In the 20 years between the 1996 and 2016 censuses , the population of Dunboyne more than doubled from 3,080 to 7,272 inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': 'Semi Finalist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quarter Finalist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Summerhill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Summerhill_GFC', 'summary': 'Summerhill G.F.C . is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the designated heritage village of Summerhill in County Meath , Ireland . The club competes in Meath competitions . The team was first founded in 1905 but later disbanded . The current club was founded in 1931 , and has since won 7 Meath Football Championships . Summerhill is one of three Meath teams to have won the Leinster Senior Club Football Championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Summerhill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Summerhill,_County_Meath', 'summary': "Summerhill ( Irish : Cnoc an Línsigh ) is a designated heritage village in County Meath , Ireland . It is located at the intersection of the R156 and R158 regional roads and is part of the Laracor civil parish . The Irish version of the town 's name means Lynch 's Hill , and it was the ancestral home of the Norman-Irish Lynch family , whence came the Galway merchant family of the same name - one of the Tribes of Galway . It is also the site of one of the most important battles in 17th century Ireland , the Battle of Dungan 's Hill . The town was known in English as 'The Knock ' or 'Lynchs ' Knock ' ( phonetic renderings of Cnoc an Línsigh , Lynchs ' hill ) until about 1667 when it was renamed Summerhill . The ruins of the large Lynch castle can be seen in the village today ."}]}, {'value': 'Non Qualifier', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Champions', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trim_GAA', 'summary': 'Trim GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Trim , in County Meath , Ireland . The club fields both Gaelic football and hurling teams . It competes in Meath GAA competitions . Trim is known as the home of hurling in Meath and the Meath Senior Hurling Championship final was held there each year until the redevelopment of its facilities meant it was moved to Pairc Tailteann .'}]}, {'value': 'Trim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trim,_County_Meath', 'summary': "Trim ( Irish : Baile Átha Troim , meaning town at the ford of elderflowers ) is a town in County Meath , Ireland . It is situated on the River Boyne and has a population of 9,194 . The town is noted for Trim Castle - the largest Cambro-Norman castle in Ireland . One of the two cathedrals of the United Dioceses of Meath and Kildare - St Patrick 's cathedral - is located north of the river . Trim won the Irish Tidy Towns Competition in 1972 , 1984 , and 2014 and was the joint winner with Ballyconnell in 1974 . Traditionally Trim was the county town of Meath , but this title was passed on over time onto larger , neighbouring town Navan ."}]}, {'value': 'Non Qualifier', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Relegated to Intermediate', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Walterstown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walterstown_GFC', 'summary': 'Walterstown GFC is a Gaelic Athletic Association football club based in & around the town of Navan , in County Meath , Ireland . The club plays Gaelic Football competing in Meath GAA & Leinster competitions . The club has a proud tradition having won the Meath Senior Football Championship five times & the Leinster Senior Club championship twice .'}]}, {'value': 'Navan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Navan', 'summary': 'Navan ( /ˈnævən/ ; Irish : An Uaimh [ ənˠ ˈuəvʲ ] , meaning the Cave ) is the county town of County Meath , Ireland . In 2019 , it had a population of 36,969 , making it the fifth largest town in Ireland . Navan is at the confluence of the River Boyne and Blackwater .'}]}, {'value': 'Quarter Finalist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quarter Finalist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wolfe Tones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wolfe_Tones_GAA', 'summary': 'Wolfe Tones GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club which comprises an amalgamation of the parishes of Oristown and Kilberry which are situated roughly halfway between the town of Navan and the town of Kells , in County Meath , Ireland . The club mainly plays football but also have a strong hurling side . It competes in Meath GAA competitions . The club has won the Meath Senior Football Championship once and have been finalists twice . Tony Kearney is the Wolfe Tones manager .'}]}, {'value': 'Kilberry', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quarter Finalist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Semi Finalist', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Participating teams', 'section_text': 'The teams that took part in the 2011 Meath Senior Football Championship are :', 'uid': '2011_Meath_Senior_Football_Championship_0', 'intro': "The 2011 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 119th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 17 teams, with the winner going on to represent Meath in the Leinster Senior Club Football Championship. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a knock out stage. Skryne were the defending champions after they defeated Seneschalstown in the previous years final. Nobber were promoted after claiming the 2010 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title, their first year in the senior grade since being relegated in 1991 and only their 2nd ever period as a senior club. On 16 October 2011, Summerhill claimed their 6th senior championship title when they defeated Dunshaughlin 0-14 to 1-9 after extra-time in a replay. Tony McDonnell raised the Keegan Cup for the 'Hill while Adrian Kenny claimed the 'Man of the Match' award. Trim were relegated after 62 years as a senior club. Skryne are the only club to have operated at the senior grade for longer."}	null	null	Competing at an intermediate level , this 2010 Quarter Finalists town means house of stones ?	Duleek/Bellewstown
09e58cd0a64bfa72	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Drexel_University_alumni', 'title': 'List of Drexel University alumni', 'header': ['Name', 'Grad year', 'Degree', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Jack Agnew', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States Army private first class in World War II , a member of the Filthy Thirteen , whose exploits inspired the novel and film The Dirty Dozen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Private_first_class', 'summary': "Private First Class ( PFC ) is a military rank held by junior enlisted personnel in some countries ' armed forces ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Filthy_Thirteen', 'summary': 'The Filthy Thirteen was the name given to the 1st Demolition Section of the Regimental Headquarters Company of the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment , 101st Airborne Division , of the United States Army , which fought in the European campaign in World War II . This unit was the inspiration for the book and subsequent film The Dirty Dozen .'}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Dirty_Dozen', 'summary': 'The Dirty Dozen is a 1967 war film starring Lee Marvin and featuring an ensemble supporting cast including Ernest Borgnine , Charles Bronson , Jim Brown , John Cassavetes , Robert Ryan , Telly Savalas , Robert Webber and Donald Sutherland . The film , which was directed by Robert Aldrich , was filmed in the UK at MGM-British Studios and released by MGM . It was a box office success and won the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing at the 40th Academy Awards in 1968 . In 2001 , the American Film Institute placed the film at number 65 on their 100 Years . 100 Thrills list . The screenplay is based on the 1965 bestseller by E. M. Nathanson which was inspired by a real-life WWII unit of behind-the-lines demolition specialists from the 101st Airborne Division named the Filthy Thirteen .'}]}, {'value': 'Gary R. Chiusano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary_R._Chiusano', 'summary': 'Gary R. Chiusano ( born August 5 , 1951 ) is an American Republican Party politician , who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from January 8 , 2008 until February 11 , 2013 , where he represented the 24th Legislative District . He resigned on February 11 , 2013 , from the New Jersey General Assembly to become the Sussex County Surrogate.Chiusano served in the Assembly on the Commerce and Economic Development Committee and the Financial Institutions and Insurance Committee.He served on the Frankford Township Committee from 2001-2003 as Mayor of Frankford Township , New Jersey and on the Sussex County Board of Chosen Freeholders from 2003 to 2008.Chiusano graduated with a B.S . degree from Drexel University with a major in Business Administration and Finance . He is a resident of Augusta , within Frankford Township , New Jersey .'}]}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Jersey General Assembly assemblyman for the 24th legislative district', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Jersey', 'summary': "New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States . It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York ; on the east , southeast , and south by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania ; and on the southwest by the Delaware Bay and the State of Delaware . New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state by area but the 11th-most populous , with 9 million residents as of 2017 and an area of 8,722.58 square miles , making it the most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states , with its biggest city being Newark . New Jersey lies completely within the combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia . New Jersey was the second-wealthiest U.S. state by median household income as of 2017 . New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years , with historical tribes such as the Lenape along the coast . In the early 17th century , the Dutch and the Swedes founded the first European settlements in the state . The English later seized control of the region , naming it the Province of New Jersey after the largest of the Channel Islands , Jersey , and granting it as a colony to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley , 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton . New Jersey was the site of several important battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century . In the 19th century , factories in the cities Camden , Paterson , Newark , Trenton , Jersey City , and Elizabeth ( known as the Big Six ) , helped drive the Industrial Revolution . New Jersey 's geographic location at the center of the Northeast megalopolis , between Boston and New York City to the northeast , and Philadelphia , Baltimore , and Washington , D.C. , to the southwest , fueled its rapid growth through the process of suburbanization in the second half of the 20th century . At the turn of the 21st century , this suburbanization began reverting with the consolidation of New Jersey 's culturally diverse populace toward more urban settings within the state , with towns home to commuter rail stations outpacing the population growth of more automobile-oriented suburbs since 2008 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/New_Jersey_General_Assembly', 'summary': "The New Jersey General Assembly is the lower house of the New Jersey Legislature . Since the election of 1967 ( 1968 Session ) , the Assembly has consisted of 80 members . Two members are elected from each of New Jersey 's 40 legislative districts for a term of two years , each representing districts with average populations of 210,359 ( 2000 figures ) . To be eligible to run , a potential candidate must be at least 21 years of age , and must have lived in their district for at least one year prior to the election , and have lived in the state of New Jersey for two years . They also must be residents of their districts . Membership in the Assembly is considered a part-time job , and many members have employment in addition to their legislative work . Assembly members serve two-year terms , elected every odd-numbered year in November . Several members of the Assembly hold other elective office , as they are grandfathered in under a New Jersey law that banned multiple office holding in 2007 . The Assembly is led by the Speaker of the Assembly , who is elected by the membership of the chamber . After the Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey and the President of the New Jersey Senate , the Speaker of the Assembly is third in the line of succession to replace the Governor of New Jersey in the event that he or she is unable to execute the duties of that office . The Speaker decides the schedule for the Assembly , which bills will be considered , appoints committee chairmen , and generally runs the Assembly 's agenda . The current Speaker is Craig Coughlin ( D-Woodbridge ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/New_Jersey_Legislative_Districts,_2001_apportionment', 'summary': "The members of the New Jersey Legislature are chosen from 40 electoral districts . Each district elects one Senator and two Assemblymen . New Jersey is one of only seven states with nested state legislative districts , in which the lower house 's districts are coextensive with a single state Senate seat . In New Jersey , each district elects one Senator and two Assembly members . ( States which have similar practices are Arizona , Idaho , Maryland , North Dakota , South Dakota and Washington ) . Districts are reapportioned decennially by the New Jersey Apportionment Commission following each United States Census , as provided by Article IV , Section III of the state Constitution . The legislative districts listed below went into effect with the swearing in of the 210th Legislature in 2002 . They were used for regular elections from 2001 through 2009 ( special elections through 2010 ) , following the 2000 United States Census . The November 2011 elections were held for representatives of districts defined in the 2011 apportionment ."}]}, {'value': 'Ruth Hale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ruth_Hale_(feminist)', 'summary': "Ruth Hale ( 1887 - September 18 , 1934 ) was an American journalist who worked for women 's rights in New York City during the era before and after World War I . She was married to journalist Heywood Broun and was an associate of the Algonquin Round Table . Hale was the founder of the Lucy Stone League , an organization whose motto was My name is the symbol for my identity and must not be lost . Hale 's cause led her to fight for women to be able to legally preserve their maiden names after marriage . She challenged in the courts any government edict that would not recognize a married woman by the name she chose to use ."}]}, {'value': '1916', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Found for women 's rights in 1920s ; member of the Algonquin Round Table", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Algonquin_Round_Table', 'summary': 'The Algonquin Round Table was a group of New York City writers , critics , actors , and wits . Gathering initially as part of a practical joke , members of The Vicious Circle , as they dubbed themselves , met for lunch each day at the Algonquin Hotel from 1919 until roughly 1929 . At these luncheons they engaged in wisecracks , wordplay , and witticisms that , through the newspaper columns of Round Table members , were disseminated across the country . Daily association with each other , both at the luncheons and outside of them , inspired members of the Circle to collaborate creatively . The entire group worked together successfully only once , however , to create a revue called No Sirree ! which helped launch a Hollywood career for Round Tabler Robert Benchley . In its ten years of association , the Round Table and a number of its members acquired national reputations , both for their contributions to literature and for their sparkling wit . Although some of their contemporaries , and later in life even some of its members , disparaged the group , its reputation has endured long after its dissolution .'}]}, {'value': 'Earle I. Mack', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earle_I._Mack', 'summary': 'Earle Irving Mack ( born July 11 , 1938 ) is an American businessman and former United States Ambassador to Finland . Mack was a Senior Partner of The Mack Company , a real estate development , investment , and management firm , and was a founding board member of the merged Mack-Cali Realty Corporation in 1997 . He is active in the arts , serving as Chairman and CEO of the New York State Council of the Arts for three years , and has produced a number of theatrical productions and films . Mack has been involved in Thoroughbred horse breeding and racing since 1963 as an owner and advocate . His political involvement includes a 2016 attempt to draft Paul Ryan as the GOP presidential candidate .'}]}, {'value': '1959', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former United States ambassador to Finland , partner of The Mack Company , and award-winning film producer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albert Branson Maris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert_Branson_Maris', 'summary': 'Albert Branson Maris ( December 19 , 1893 - February 7 , 1989 ) was a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and previously was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania .'}]}, {'value': '1926', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Federal judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit', 'summary': 'The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ( in case citations , 3d Cir . ) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts for the following districts :'}]}, {'value': 'William H. Milliken , Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_H._Milliken,_Jr.', 'summary': "William H. Milliken Jr. ( August 19 , 1897 - July 4 , 1969 ) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania 's 7th congressional district from 1959 to 1965 . He served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for Delaware County from 1943 to 1946 and from 1949 to 1950 ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': "United States Congressman from Pennsylvania 's 7th Congressional district from 1959 to 1965", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Pennsylvania's_7th_congressional_district", 'summary': "Pennsylvania 's 7th congressional district includes all of Lehigh County and Northampton County as well as parts of Monroe County . The district is represented by Democrat Susan Wild . From 2013 through 2018 , the district incorporated parts of the Philadelphia suburbs , including most of Delaware County along with portions of Chester County , Montgomery County , Berks County , and Lancaster County . The district exhibited extreme non-congruity during that time as a result of gerrymandering . On January 22 , 2018 , the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ruled that the map violated the state constitution , and in February it issued its own district boundaries for use in the 2018 elections and representation thereafter . Most of the population in the old 7th became part of a new fifth district , encompassing all of Delaware County and parts of South Philadelphia while most of the old 15th district became the new 7th district . Pat Meehan , who had represented the old 7th district since 2011 , resigned on April 27 , 2018 amid a sexual harassment case . Mary Gay Scanlon won the special election on November 6 , 2018 to replace him for the remainder of his term , and she served for slightly less than two months as the last representative for the old 7th district before being transferred to the newly redrawn 5th district . Susan Wild won the general election in the newly redrawn 7th district , and she took office January 3 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Peter Mafany Musonge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Mafany_Musonge', 'summary': 'Peter Mafany Musonge ( born December 3 , 1942 ) is a Cameroonian politician who was Prime Minister of Cameroon from September 19 , 1996 to December 8 , 2004 .'}]}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former Prime Minister of Cameroon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cameroon', 'summary': "Cameroon ( /ˌkæməˈruːn/ ( listen ) ; French : Cameroun ) , officially the Republic of Cameroon ( French : République du Cameroun ) , is a country in Central Africa . It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north ; Chad to the northeast ; the Central African Republic to the east ; and Equatorial Guinea , Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south . Cameroon 's coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra , part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean . Although Cameroon is not an ECOWAS member state , it is geographically and historically in West Africa with the Southern Cameroons which now form her Northwest and Southwest Regions having a strong West African history . The country is sometimes identified as West African and other times as Central African due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West and Central Africa . Cameroon is home to over 250 native languages spoken by nearly 20 million people . The official languages of the country are English and French . Early inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad and the Baka hunter-gatherers in the southeastern rainforest . Portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camarões ( Shrimp River ) , which became Cameroon in English . Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate in the north in the 19th century , and various ethnic groups of the west and northwest established powerful chiefdoms and fondoms . Cameroon became a German colony in 1884 known as Kamerun . After World War I , the territory was divided between France and the United Kingdom as League of Nations mandates ."}]}, {'value': 'Victoria Napolitano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victoria_Napolitano', 'summary': "Victoria Napolitano ( born Victoria Lynne Spellman on August 16 , 1988 ) is an American Republican politician who is currently serving as a Councilwoman of Moorestown , New Jersey . She began her term on the Moorestown Township Council on January 7 , 2013 . She made history in 2015 by becoming Moorestown 's youngest Mayor ever at the age of 26 , and is the youngest female to ever hold the office of Mayor statewide . In 2016 , she served as the township 's Deputy Mayor ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BS , MS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Youngest female mayor in New Jersey history ; youngest mayor of Moorestown , New Jersey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moorestown,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Moorestown is a township in Burlington County , New Jersey , United States and an eastern suburb of Philadelphia . As of the 2010 United States Census , the township 's population was 20,726 , reflecting an increase of 1,709 ( +9.0% ) from the 19,017 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 2,901 ( +18.0% ) from the 16,116 counted in the 1990 Census . Moorestown was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 11 , 1922 , from portions of Chester Township ( now Maple Shade Township ) , based on the results of a referendum held on April 25 , 1922 . The township is named for a Thomas Moore who settled in the area in 1722 and constructed a hotel though other sources attribute the name to poet Thomas Moore . The township banned all liquor sales in 1915 and retained the restrictions after Prohibition ended in 1933 . Referenda aiming to repeal the ban failed in both 1935 and 1953 . In 2007 , the township council approved a referendum that would allow the sale by auction of six liquor licenses ( the state limit of one per every 3,000 residents ) , with estimates that each license could sell over $ 1 million each . The referendum did not receive enough votes to pass . In 2011 , voters repealed the liquor ban ; however , liquor sales in the township will be restricted to the Moorestown Mall . In 2005 , Moorestown was ranked number one in Money magazine 's list of the 100 best places to live in America . The magazine screened over a thousand small towns and created a list of the top 100 for its August 2005 issue , in which Moorestown earned the top spot because of its community feeling , in addition to plentiful jobs within the commuting area , excellent schools , low crime rate , and affordable housing . Another attribute is its proximity to Philadelphia ( about a 25-minute commute ) , a center of jobs and cultural and urban amenities ."}]}, {'value': "Peter O'Keefe", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Peter_O'Keefe", 'summary': "Peter J. O'Keefe ( born April 25 , 1937 ) is an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives , District 161 from 1975 to 1978 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MBA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives , District 161 from 1975 to 1978', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives,_District_161', 'summary': 'The 161st Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in Delaware County and includes the following areas :'}]}, {'value': 'Alassane Ouattara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara', 'summary': "Alassane Dramane Ouattara ( French pronunciation : [ alasan wataʁa ] ( listen ) ; born 1 January 1942 ) is an Ivorian politician who has been President of Ivory Coast ( Côte d'Ivoire ) since 2010 . An economist by profession , Ouattara worked for the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) and the Central Bank of West African States ( French : Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest , BCEAO ) , and he was the Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from November 1990 to December 1993 , appointed to that post by President Félix Houphouët-Boigny . Ouattara became the President of the Rally of the Republicans ( RDR ) , an Ivorian political party , in 1999 ."}]}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BS', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Current President of Côte d'Ivoire", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Côte_d'Ivoire", 'summary': "Ivory Coast , formally Côte d'Ivoire , [ a ] officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire , is a country located on the south coast of West Africa . Ivory Coast 's political capital is Yamoussoukro in the centre of the country , while its economic capital and largest city is the port city of Abidjan . It borders Guinea to the northwest , Liberia to the west , Mali to the northwest , Burkina Faso to the northeast , Ghana to the east , and the Gulf of Guinea ( Atlantic Ocean ) to the south . The official language of the republic is French , with local indigenous languages also being widely used that include Baoulé , Dioula , Dan , Anyin , and Cebaara Senufo . In total , there are around 78 different languages spoken in Ivory Coast . The country has large populations of Muslims , Christians ( primarily Roman Catholics ) and various indigenous religions . Before its colonization by Europeans , Ivory Coast was home to several states , including Gyaaman , the Kong Empire and Baoulé . The area became a protectorate of France in 1843 and was consolidated as a French colony in 1893 amid the European scramble for Africa . It achieved independence in 1960 , led by Félix Houphouët-Boigny , who ruled the country until 1993 . Relatively stable by regional standards , Ivory Coast established close political and economic ties with its West African neighbors while at the same time maintaining close relations to the West , especially France . Ivory Coast experienced a coup d'état in 1999 and two religiously-grounded civil wars , first between 2002 and 2007 and again during 2010-2011 . In 2000 , the country adopted a new constitution ."}]}, {'value': 'Arthur Raymond Randolph', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Raymond_Randolph', 'summary': 'Arthur Raymond Randolph ( born November 1 , 1943 ) is a Senior United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit . He was appointed to the Court in 1990 and assumed senior status on November 1 , 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The United States House of Representatives is the lower house of the United States Congress , the Senate being the upper house . Together they compose the national legislature of the United States . The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The House is composed of representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census , with each district entitled to one representative . Since its inception in 1789 , all representatives have been directly elected . The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435 . As of the 2010 Census , the largest delegation is that of California , with fifty-three representatives . Seven states have only one representative : Alaska , Delaware , Montana , North Dakota , South Dakota , Vermont , and Wyoming . The House is charged with the passage of federal legislation , known as bills , which , after concurrence by the Senate , are sent to the president for consideration . In addition to this basic power , the House has certain exclusive powers , among them the power to initiate all bills related to revenue ; the impeachment of federal officers , who are sent to trial before the Senate ; and , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for president , the duty falls upon the House to elect one of the top three recipients of electors for that office , with one vote given to each state for that purpose . The House meets in the south wing of the United States Capitol . The presiding officer is the speaker of the House , who is elected by the members thereof ( and is therefore traditionally the leader of the controlling party ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Pennsylvania ( /ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪniə/ ( listen ) PEN-səl-VAY-nee-ə ) , officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , is a state located in the Northeastern , Great Lakes , Appalachian , and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States . The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle . The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast , Maryland to the south , West Virginia to the southwest , Ohio to the west , Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest , New York to the north , and New Jersey to the east . Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by area , and the 5th-most populous state according to the most recent official U.S. Census count in 2010 . It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states . Pennsylvania 's two most populous cities are Philadelphia ( 1,580,863 ) , and Pittsburgh ( 302,407 ) . The state capital and its 10th-largest city is Harrisburg . Pennsylvania has 140 miles ( 225 km ) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River . The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States ; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn , the son of the state 's namesake . Part of Pennsylvania ( along the Delaware River ) , together with the present State of Delaware , had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden . It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution , on December 12 , 1787 . Independence Hall , where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted , is located in the state 's largest city of Philadelphia ."}]}, {'value': 'John Roberts Reading', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Roberts_Reading', 'summary': 'John Roberts Reading ( November 1 , 1826 - February 14 , 1886 ) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . John Roberts Reading was born in Somerton , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . He completed preparatory studies , and graduated from the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , in 1847 and began practice in Somerton . He later graduated from Hahnemann College in Philadelphia and practiced homeopathy . Reading presented credentials as a Democratic Member-elect to the Forty-first Congress and served from March 4 , 1869 , to April 13 , 1870 , when he was succeeded by Caleb N. Taylor , who contested his election . He was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election in 1870 . Died in Philadelphia in 1886 . Interment in the William Penn Cemetery in Somerton , Pennsylvania .'}]}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Federal judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit', 'summary': 'The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ( in case citations , D.C . Cir . ) is one of the thirteen United States Courts of Appeals . It has the smallest geographical jurisdiction of any of the U.S. federal appellate courts , and covers only one district court : the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia . It meets at the E. Barrett Prettyman United States Courthouse , near Judiciary Square , Washington , D.C . The D.C . Circuit is one of the most prominent and prestigious American courts - second only to the U.S. Supreme Court itself - because its jurisdiction contains the U.S. Congress and many of the U.S. government agencies , and therefore it is the main appellate court for many issues of American administrative law and constitutional law . Four of the current nine justices on the Supreme Court were previously judges on the D.C . Circuit : Chief Justice John Roberts and Associate Justices Clarence Thomas , Ruth Bader Ginsburg , and Brett Kavanaugh . Former justices Fred M. Vinson , Wiley Blount Rutledge , and Antonin Scalia also served as judges on the D.C . Circuit before their appointments to the Supreme Court . Because the D.C .'}]}, {'value': 'Celeste Riley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Celeste_Riley', 'summary': 'Celeste M. Riley ( born February 4 , 1960 ) is an American Democratic Party politician , who currently serves as the Clerk of Cumberland County , New Jersey . She previously served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 2009 to 2015 , where she represented the 3rd legislative district . Riley is the first woman to represent this district in the New Jersey Legislature .'}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Jersey General Assembly assemblywoman for the 3rd legislative district', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Jersey_Legislative_Districts,_2001_apportionment', 'summary': "The members of the New Jersey Legislature are chosen from 40 electoral districts . Each district elects one Senator and two Assemblymen . New Jersey is one of only seven states with nested state legislative districts , in which the lower house 's districts are coextensive with a single state Senate seat . In New Jersey , each district elects one Senator and two Assembly members . ( States which have similar practices are Arizona , Idaho , Maryland , North Dakota , South Dakota and Washington ) . Districts are reapportioned decennially by the New Jersey Apportionment Commission following each United States Census , as provided by Article IV , Section III of the state Constitution . The legislative districts listed below went into effect with the swearing in of the 210th Legislature in 2002 . They were used for regular elections from 2001 through 2009 ( special elections through 2010 ) , following the 2000 United States Census . The November 2011 elections were held for representatives of districts defined in the 2011 apportionment ."}]}, {'value': 'Lindsay Walters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lindsay_Walters', 'summary': 'Lindsay Walters is an American spokesperson and former White House Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Press Secretary .'}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'White House Deputy Press Secretary under Donald Trump', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donald_Trump', 'summary': "Donald John Trump ( born June 14 , 1946 ) is the 45th and current president of the United States . Before entering politics , he was a businessman and television personality . Trump was born and raised in Queens , a borough of New York City , and received a bachelor 's degree in economics from the Wharton School . He took charge of his family 's real-estate business in 1971 , renamed it The Trump Organization , and expanded its operations from Queens and Brooklyn into Manhattan . The company built or renovated skyscrapers , hotels , casinos , and golf courses . Trump later started various side ventures , mostly by licensing his name . He owned the Miss Universe and Miss USA beauty pageants from 1996 to 2015 and produced and hosted The Apprentice , a reality television show , from 2003 to 2015 . As of 2019 [ update ] , Forbes estimated his net worth to be $ 3.1 billion . [ a ] Trump entered the 2016 presidential race as a Republican and defeated 16 other candidates in the primaries . His political positions have been described as populist , protectionist , and nationalist . Despite not being favored in most forecasts , he was elected over Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton , although he lost the popular vote . He became the oldest first-term U.S. president , [ b ] and the first without prior military or government service ."}]}, {'value': 'Lawrence G. Williams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lawrence_G._Williams', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': "United States Congressman from Pennsylvania 's 7th Congressional district from 1966 to 1975", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Pennsylvania's_7th_congressional_district", 'summary': "Pennsylvania 's 7th congressional district includes all of Lehigh County and Northampton County as well as parts of Monroe County . The district is represented by Democrat Susan Wild . From 2013 through 2018 , the district incorporated parts of the Philadelphia suburbs , including most of Delaware County along with portions of Chester County , Montgomery County , Berks County , and Lancaster County . The district exhibited extreme non-congruity during that time as a result of gerrymandering . On January 22 , 2018 , the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ruled that the map violated the state constitution , and in February it issued its own district boundaries for use in the 2018 elections and representation thereafter . Most of the population in the old 7th became part of a new fifth district , encompassing all of Delaware County and parts of South Philadelphia while most of the old 15th district became the new 7th district . Pat Meehan , who had represented the old 7th district since 2011 , resigned on April 27 , 2018 amid a sexual harassment case . Mary Gay Scanlon won the special election on November 6 , 2018 to replace him for the remainder of his term , and she served for slightly less than two months as the last representative for the old 7th district before being transferred to the newly redrawn 5th district . Susan Wild won the general election in the newly redrawn 7th district , and she took office January 3 , 2019 ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Notable alumni -- Politics and public service', 'section_text': 'Ruth Hale , Class of 1916 Victoria Napolitano , Class of 2010 , with Drexel President John Fry and Alumni Board Chair Tony Noce', 'uid': 'List_of_Drexel_University_alumni_5', 'intro': "Drexel University is a private university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The 16th largest private university in the nation, Drexel is made up of nine colleges and four schools, most of which serve both undergraduate and graduate students. It offers 96 undergraduate degree programs, 88 master's programs, and 35 doctoral programs. Drexel was founded as a technical school in 1891 for the improvement of industrial education as a means of opening better and wider avenues of employment to young men and women. Drexel began awarding undergraduate degrees in 1914, starting with the Bachelor of Science in engineering; before that, Drexel granted certificates or diplomas in the field of enrollment. In 1931, Drexel began offering graduate degrees through the School of Home Economics. Since its founding the university has graduated over 100,000 alumni. Certificate-earning alumni such as artist Violet Oakley and illustrator Frank Schoonover reflect the early emphasis on art as part of the university's curriculum. With World War II, the university's technical programs swelled, and as a result Drexel graduated alumni such as Paul Baran, one of the founding fathers of the Internet and one of the inventors of the packet switching network, and Norman Joseph Woodland the inventor of barcode technology. In addition to its emphasis on technology Drexel has graduated several notable athletes such as National Basketball Association (NBA) basketball players Michael Anderson and Malik Rose, and several notable business people such as Raj Gupta, former President and Chief executive officer (CEO) of Rohm and Haas, and Kenneth C. Dahlberg, former CEO of Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC)."}	null	null	What circuit did the person from the class of 1926 serve on ?	Third Circuit
09e7adb3f16b5e10	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_national_cricket_team', 'title': 'United States national cricket team', 'header': ['Round', 'Date', 'Location', '1st team', '2nd team', '3rd team'], 'data': [{'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_United_States_Tri-Nation_Series', 'summary': 'The 2019 United States Tri-Nation Series was a cricket tournament that took place in the United States in September 2019 . It was a tri-nation series between Namibia , Papua New Guinea and the United States cricket teams , with the matches played as One Day International ( ODI ) fixtures . All of the matches formed part of the 2019-22 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2 tournament , which formed part of the qualification pathway to the 2023 Cricket World Cup . It was the first One Day International series to be played in the USA . Namibia won the series , after finishing ahead of the United States on net run rate , with both teams level on points . Originally , the Church Street Park cricket ground in Morrisville , was named as the host venue by the International Cricket Council . In July 2019 , it was announced that either a new venue in Morgan Hill , California or the Leo Magnus Cricket Complex in Woodley Park in Los Angeles would host the tournament . However , the Central Broward Regional Park in Lauderhill , Florida was chosen as the host venue . The first fixture of the series saw the United States beat Papua New Guinea by five runs via the DLS method in a rain-affected match . This was the first-ever win for the United States in an ODI match .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Papua New Guinea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea_national_cricket_team', 'summary': 'The Papua New Guinea national cricket team , nicknamed the Barramundis , is the team that represents the country of Papua New Guinea in international cricket . The team is organised by Cricket PNG , which has been an Associate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) since 1973 . Papua New Guinea previously had One-Day International ( ODI ) status , which it gained by finishing fourth in 2014 World Cup Qualifier . Papua New Guinea lost both their ODI and T20I status in March 2018 after losing a playoff match against Nepal during the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier , a result that earned ODI and T20I status for their opponents . On 26 April 2019 , at the final World Cricket League 2 fixture ; PNG defeated Oman to finish at the fourth position and reclaim their ODI status . Papua New Guinea is the strongest team in the ICC East Asia-Pacific region , winning most ICC regional tournaments and having a similar record in the cricket tournament at the Pacific Games . The team has also played in every edition of the World Cup Qualifier ( previously the ICC Trophy ) . Papua New Guinea holds the world record for the highest score in a one-day match , making 572/7 against New Caledonia in 2007 . In April 2018 , the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status to all its Members . Therefore , all Twenty20 matches played between Papua New Guinea and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 will be a full T20I .'}]}, {'value': 'Namibia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Namibia_national_cricket_team', 'summary': 'The Namibia national cricket team is the team that represents the Republic of Namibia and is governed by Cricket Namibia , an Associate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) since 1992 , and became part of the High Performance Program in 2007 . They took part in the 2003 Cricket World Cup in South Africa , though they lost all their games . They have played in each edition of the ICC Intercontinental Cup . In April 2018 , the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status to all its members . Therefore , all Twenty20 matches played between Namibia and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 will be a full T20I .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_United_Arab_Emirates_Tri-Nation_Series', 'summary': "The 2019 United Arab Emirates Tri-Nation Series was a cricket tournament that took place in the United Arab Emirates in December 2019 . It was a tri-nation series between Scotland , the United Arab Emirates and the United States cricket teams , with the matches played as One Day International ( ODI ) fixtures . All of the matches formed part of the 2019-22 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2 tournament , which formed part of the qualification pathway to the 2023 Cricket World Cup . The International Cricket Council ( ICC ) confirmed the fixtures for the tri-series in November 2019 . The United Arab Emirates named a squad for the opening match of the series that contained six cricketers who had not played in an ODI match before . The UAE were forced to make changes to their side , following a corruption investigation that impacted the team during the 2019 ICC Men 's T20 World Cup Qualifier . As a result of the enforced changes , in the opening match the UAE fielded a team with the youngest average age for their national team . G. S. Lakshmi was named as the match referee for the opening fixture of the series , becoming the first woman to oversee a men 's ODI match . The United States won the series , after they won their first three matches , and the third ODI between the UAE and Scotland was washed out , giving the United States an unassailable lead ."}]}, {'value': 'United Arab Emirates', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Arab Emirates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_national_cricket_team', 'summary': "The United Arab Emirates national cricket team ( Arabic : فريق الإمارات الوطني للكريكيت ) is the team that represents the United Arab Emirates in international cricket . They are governed by the Emirates Cricket Board ( ECB ) which became an Affiliate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) in 1989 and an Associate Member the following year . Since 2005 , the ICC 's headquarters have been located in Dubai . One of the emerging One Day International ( ODI ) teams , the UAE won the ACC Trophy on four consecutive occasions between 2000 and 2006 , and were runners-up in the other three times the tournament has been played in 1996 , 1998 and 2008 . They won the ICC Trophy in 1994 , and played their first ODIs that year , later playing in the 1996 Cricket World Cup . Other ODI matches came in the 2004 and 2008 Asia Cups . At the 2014 World Cup Qualifier , the UAE placed second behind Scotland , qualifying for the 2015 World Cup and gaining ODI status until 2018 . UAE made the group stage of the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 . The team has qualified for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier as hosts . Following the demise of the World Cricket League ( WCL ) , UAE will play in the 2019-22 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2 going forward ."}]}, {'value': 'Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotland_national_cricket_team', 'summary': 'The Scotland national cricket team represents the country of Scotland . They play their home matches at The Grange , Edinburgh , and also some other venues . Scotland became Associate Members of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) in 1994 after severing links with the England cricket team two years earlier . Since then , they have played in three Cricket World Cups ( 1999 , 2007 and 2015 ) and three ICC World Twenty20 tournaments ( 2007 , 2009 and 2016 ) . However , their first win in either of these events did not come until they beat Hong Kong in the 2016 World Twenty20 . Scottish cricket team is governed by Cricket Scotland . Scotland have also played in every ICC Intercontinental Cup tournament , winning the inaugural edition in 2004 . Between 2010 and 2013 , the team competed in the ECB 40 as the Scottish Saltires . Kyle Coetzer became captain of the side in November 2016 after Preston Mommsen who had captained the side since September 2014 stepped down . The coach is South African Shane Burger , who took on the role in January 2019 . In April 2018 , the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status to all its members . Therefore , all Twenty20 matches played between Scotland and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 are a full T20I .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'February 2020', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2020_Nepal_Tri-Nation_Series', 'summary': 'The 2020 Nepal Tri-Nation Series was a cricket tournament that took place in Nepal in February 2020 . It was a tri-nation series between Nepal , Oman and the United States cricket teams , with the matches played as One Day International ( ODI ) fixtures . All of the matches formed part of the 2019-22 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2 tournament , which formed part of the qualification pathway to the 2023 Cricket World Cup . The matches were the first ODIs to be played in Nepal . On 20 January 2020 , the United States confirmed their squad for the series , with Steven Taylor stripped of his vice-captaincy role for disciplinary issues , but being retained in the squad . Oman won their first three matches , therefore giving them an unassailable lead in the series . In the last fixture of the series , the United States were bowled out for 35 runs , the joint-lowest total in an ODI match .'}]}, {'value': 'Nepal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nepal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nepal_national_cricket_team', 'summary': "The Nepal national cricket team ( Nepali : नेपाली राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली ) nicknamed The Rhinos and Gorkhalis , represents the country of Nepal in the international cricket and is governed by the Cricket Association of Nepal ( CAN ) . They have been an Associate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) since 1996 . Nepal were awarded Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status by the ICC in June 2014 until the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier . On 15 March 2018 , Nepal gained One Day International ( ODI ) status for the first time ( and regained Twenty20 International status ) , after winning the first playoff match in the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier . Nepal made their maiden appearance in the ICC global event at the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 in Bangladesh . They have been participating in international matches since 1996 , including every ACC Trophy tournaments except 2015 ACC Twenty20 Cup in UAE , where they did n't participate . Nepal also participated in ICC World Cup Qualifier in 2001 2014 and 2018 , ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier in 2012 , 2013 and 2015 , ICC Intercontinental Cup in 2004 and 2005 , ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament in 2004 , 2005 and 2006 , ACC Twenty20 Cup in 2007 , 2009 , 2011 and 2013 , Asian Games in 2010 and 2014 and ACC Premier League in 2014 . Unlike some other smaller cricketing nations , where teams are largely made up of expatriates , Nepal 's national team comprises indigenous players who have usually come through the ranks playing age-group cricket . On 15 March 2018 Nepal claimed One Day International ( ODI ) status for the first time with a win over Papua New Guinea in the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier 9th place play off encounter . In April 2018 , the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status to all its members . Therefore , all Twenty20 matches played between Nepal and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 became full T20I matches ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oman_national_cricket_team', 'summary': "The Oman national cricket team is the team that represents the country of Oman and is governed by the Oman Cricket Board , which became an Affiliate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) in 2000 , and gained Associate status in 2014 . The national side has played matches at Twenty20 International level . On 24 April 2019 , Oman achieved One-Day International status for the first time until 2022 , after they beat tournament hosts Namibia by four wickets in 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two . Oman 's first competitive matches came at the 2002 ACC Trophy , and the side has since participated in many Asian Cricket Council tournaments , finishing runner-up in the 2004 ACC Trophy and twice winning the ACC Twenty20 Cup . Oman has participated in ICC World Cup Qualifier without qualifying for the final tournament , placing ninth at the 2005 ICC Trophy and eleventh at the 2009 World Cup Qualifier . In July 2015 , with their win against Namibia in the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier , Oman gained Twenty20 International status and qualified for 2016 ICC World Twenty20 in India , its first major international tournament In April 2018 , the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status to all its members . Therefore , all Twenty20 matches played between Oman and other ICC Members after 1 January 2019 will be a full T20I . Most cricket in Oman is played by expatriate Indians and Pakistanis ( and their descendants ) , rather than by native Omanis - in 2010 , only 100 of the 780 players in the national league were Arabs , or around 13 percent . The composition of the Omani national side has generally reflected this , although several Arabs have appeared for the team . Quotas of Arab players have been introduced for both club teams and the national side , in order to boost cricket 's popularity amongst the Arab population ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotland_national_cricket_team', 'summary': 'The Scotland national cricket team represents the country of Scotland . They play their home matches at The Grange , Edinburgh , and also some other venues . Scotland became Associate Members of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) in 1994 after severing links with the England cricket team two years earlier . Since then , they have played in three Cricket World Cups ( 1999 , 2007 and 2015 ) and three ICC World Twenty20 tournaments ( 2007 , 2009 and 2016 ) . However , their first win in either of these events did not come until they beat Hong Kong in the 2016 World Twenty20 . Scottish cricket team is governed by Cricket Scotland . Scotland have also played in every ICC Intercontinental Cup tournament , winning the inaugural edition in 2004 . Between 2010 and 2013 , the team competed in the ECB 40 as the Scottish Saltires . Kyle Coetzer became captain of the side in November 2016 after Preston Mommsen who had captained the side since September 2014 stepped down . The coach is South African Shane Burger , who took on the role in January 2019 . In April 2018 , the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status to all its members . Therefore , all Twenty20 matches played between Scotland and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 are a full T20I .'}]}, {'value': 'United Arab Emirates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_national_cricket_team', 'summary': "The United Arab Emirates national cricket team ( Arabic : فريق الإمارات الوطني للكريكيت ) is the team that represents the United Arab Emirates in international cricket . They are governed by the Emirates Cricket Board ( ECB ) which became an Affiliate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) in 1989 and an Associate Member the following year . Since 2005 , the ICC 's headquarters have been located in Dubai . One of the emerging One Day International ( ODI ) teams , the UAE won the ACC Trophy on four consecutive occasions between 2000 and 2006 , and were runners-up in the other three times the tournament has been played in 1996 , 1998 and 2008 . They won the ICC Trophy in 1994 , and played their first ODIs that year , later playing in the 1996 Cricket World Cup . Other ODI matches came in the 2004 and 2008 Asia Cups . At the 2014 World Cup Qualifier , the UAE placed second behind Scotland , qualifying for the 2015 World Cup and gaining ODI status until 2018 . UAE made the group stage of the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 . The team has qualified for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier as hosts . Following the demise of the World Cricket League ( WCL ) , UAE will play in the 2019-22 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2 going forward ."}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Namibia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Namibia_national_cricket_team', 'summary': 'The Namibia national cricket team is the team that represents the Republic of Namibia and is governed by Cricket Namibia , an Associate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) since 1992 , and became part of the High Performance Program in 2007 . They took part in the 2003 Cricket World Cup in South Africa , though they lost all their games . They have played in each edition of the ICC Intercontinental Cup . In April 2018 , the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status to all its members . Therefore , all Twenty20 matches played between Namibia and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 will be a full T20I .'}]}, {'value': 'Papua New Guinea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea_national_cricket_team', 'summary': 'The Papua New Guinea national cricket team , nicknamed the Barramundis , is the team that represents the country of Papua New Guinea in international cricket . The team is organised by Cricket PNG , which has been an Associate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) since 1973 . Papua New Guinea previously had One-Day International ( ODI ) status , which it gained by finishing fourth in 2014 World Cup Qualifier . Papua New Guinea lost both their ODI and T20I status in March 2018 after losing a playoff match against Nepal during the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier , a result that earned ODI and T20I status for their opponents . On 26 April 2019 , at the final World Cricket League 2 fixture ; PNG defeated Oman to finish at the fourth position and reclaim their ODI status . Papua New Guinea is the strongest team in the ICC East Asia-Pacific region , winning most ICC regional tournaments and having a similar record in the cricket tournament at the Pacific Games . The team has also played in every edition of the World Cup Qualifier ( previously the ICC Trophy ) . Papua New Guinea holds the world record for the highest score in a one-day match , making 572/7 against New Caledonia in 2007 . In April 2018 , the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status to all its Members . Therefore , all Twenty20 matches played between Papua New Guinea and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 will be a full T20I .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 2021', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oman_national_cricket_team', 'summary': "The Oman national cricket team is the team that represents the country of Oman and is governed by the Oman Cricket Board , which became an Affiliate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) in 2000 , and gained Associate status in 2014 . The national side has played matches at Twenty20 International level . On 24 April 2019 , Oman achieved One-Day International status for the first time until 2022 , after they beat tournament hosts Namibia by four wickets in 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two . Oman 's first competitive matches came at the 2002 ACC Trophy , and the side has since participated in many Asian Cricket Council tournaments , finishing runner-up in the 2004 ACC Trophy and twice winning the ACC Twenty20 Cup . Oman has participated in ICC World Cup Qualifier without qualifying for the final tournament , placing ninth at the 2005 ICC Trophy and eleventh at the 2009 World Cup Qualifier . In July 2015 , with their win against Namibia in the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier , Oman gained Twenty20 International status and qualified for 2016 ICC World Twenty20 in India , its first major international tournament In April 2018 , the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status to all its members . Therefore , all Twenty20 matches played between Oman and other ICC Members after 1 January 2019 will be a full T20I . Most cricket in Oman is played by expatriate Indians and Pakistanis ( and their descendants ) , rather than by native Omanis - in 2010 , only 100 of the 780 players in the national league were Arabs , or around 13 percent . The composition of the Omani national side has generally reflected this , although several Arabs have appeared for the team . Quotas of Arab players have been introduced for both club teams and the national side , in order to boost cricket 's popularity amongst the Arab population ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nepal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nepal_national_cricket_team', 'summary': "The Nepal national cricket team ( Nepali : नेपाली राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली ) nicknamed The Rhinos and Gorkhalis , represents the country of Nepal in the international cricket and is governed by the Cricket Association of Nepal ( CAN ) . They have been an Associate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) since 1996 . Nepal were awarded Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status by the ICC in June 2014 until the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier . On 15 March 2018 , Nepal gained One Day International ( ODI ) status for the first time ( and regained Twenty20 International status ) , after winning the first playoff match in the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier . Nepal made their maiden appearance in the ICC global event at the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 in Bangladesh . They have been participating in international matches since 1996 , including every ACC Trophy tournaments except 2015 ACC Twenty20 Cup in UAE , where they did n't participate . Nepal also participated in ICC World Cup Qualifier in 2001 2014 and 2018 , ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier in 2012 , 2013 and 2015 , ICC Intercontinental Cup in 2004 and 2005 , ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament in 2004 , 2005 and 2006 , ACC Twenty20 Cup in 2007 , 2009 , 2011 and 2013 , Asian Games in 2010 and 2014 and ACC Premier League in 2014 . Unlike some other smaller cricketing nations , where teams are largely made up of expatriates , Nepal 's national team comprises indigenous players who have usually come through the ranks playing age-group cricket . On 15 March 2018 Nepal claimed One Day International ( ODI ) status for the first time with a win over Papua New Guinea in the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier 9th place play off encounter . In April 2018 , the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status to all its members . Therefore , all Twenty20 matches played between Nepal and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 became full T20I matches ."}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 2021', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotland_national_cricket_team', 'summary': 'The Scotland national cricket team represents the country of Scotland . They play their home matches at The Grange , Edinburgh , and also some other venues . Scotland became Associate Members of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) in 1994 after severing links with the England cricket team two years earlier . Since then , they have played in three Cricket World Cups ( 1999 , 2007 and 2015 ) and three ICC World Twenty20 tournaments ( 2007 , 2009 and 2016 ) . However , their first win in either of these events did not come until they beat Hong Kong in the 2016 World Twenty20 . Scottish cricket team is governed by Cricket Scotland . Scotland have also played in every ICC Intercontinental Cup tournament , winning the inaugural edition in 2004 . Between 2010 and 2013 , the team competed in the ECB 40 as the Scottish Saltires . Kyle Coetzer became captain of the side in November 2016 after Preston Mommsen who had captained the side since September 2014 stepped down . The coach is South African Shane Burger , who took on the role in January 2019 . In April 2018 , the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status to all its members . Therefore , all Twenty20 matches played between Scotland and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 are a full T20I .'}]}, {'value': 'United Arab Emirates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_national_cricket_team', 'summary': "The United Arab Emirates national cricket team ( Arabic : فريق الإمارات الوطني للكريكيت ) is the team that represents the United Arab Emirates in international cricket . They are governed by the Emirates Cricket Board ( ECB ) which became an Affiliate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) in 1989 and an Associate Member the following year . Since 2005 , the ICC 's headquarters have been located in Dubai . One of the emerging One Day International ( ODI ) teams , the UAE won the ACC Trophy on four consecutive occasions between 2000 and 2006 , and were runners-up in the other three times the tournament has been played in 1996 , 1998 and 2008 . They won the ICC Trophy in 1994 , and played their first ODIs that year , later playing in the 1996 Cricket World Cup . Other ODI matches came in the 2004 and 2008 Asia Cups . At the 2014 World Cup Qualifier , the UAE placed second behind Scotland , qualifying for the 2015 World Cup and gaining ODI status until 2018 . UAE made the group stage of the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 . The team has qualified for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier as hosts . Following the demise of the World Cricket League ( WCL ) , UAE will play in the 2019-22 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2 going forward ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 2021', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nepal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nepal_national_cricket_team', 'summary': "The Nepal national cricket team ( Nepali : नेपाली राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली ) nicknamed The Rhinos and Gorkhalis , represents the country of Nepal in the international cricket and is governed by the Cricket Association of Nepal ( CAN ) . They have been an Associate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) since 1996 . Nepal were awarded Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status by the ICC in June 2014 until the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier . On 15 March 2018 , Nepal gained One Day International ( ODI ) status for the first time ( and regained Twenty20 International status ) , after winning the first playoff match in the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier . Nepal made their maiden appearance in the ICC global event at the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 in Bangladesh . They have been participating in international matches since 1996 , including every ACC Trophy tournaments except 2015 ACC Twenty20 Cup in UAE , where they did n't participate . Nepal also participated in ICC World Cup Qualifier in 2001 2014 and 2018 , ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier in 2012 , 2013 and 2015 , ICC Intercontinental Cup in 2004 and 2005 , ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament in 2004 , 2005 and 2006 , ACC Twenty20 Cup in 2007 , 2009 , 2011 and 2013 , Asian Games in 2010 and 2014 and ACC Premier League in 2014 . Unlike some other smaller cricketing nations , where teams are largely made up of expatriates , Nepal 's national team comprises indigenous players who have usually come through the ranks playing age-group cricket . On 15 March 2018 Nepal claimed One Day International ( ODI ) status for the first time with a win over Papua New Guinea in the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier 9th place play off encounter . In April 2018 , the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status to all its members . Therefore , all Twenty20 matches played between Nepal and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 became full T20I matches ."}]}, {'value': 'Oman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oman_national_cricket_team', 'summary': "The Oman national cricket team is the team that represents the country of Oman and is governed by the Oman Cricket Board , which became an Affiliate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) in 2000 , and gained Associate status in 2014 . The national side has played matches at Twenty20 International level . On 24 April 2019 , Oman achieved One-Day International status for the first time until 2022 , after they beat tournament hosts Namibia by four wickets in 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two . Oman 's first competitive matches came at the 2002 ACC Trophy , and the side has since participated in many Asian Cricket Council tournaments , finishing runner-up in the 2004 ACC Trophy and twice winning the ACC Twenty20 Cup . Oman has participated in ICC World Cup Qualifier without qualifying for the final tournament , placing ninth at the 2005 ICC Trophy and eleventh at the 2009 World Cup Qualifier . In July 2015 , with their win against Namibia in the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier , Oman gained Twenty20 International status and qualified for 2016 ICC World Twenty20 in India , its first major international tournament In April 2018 , the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status to all its members . Therefore , all Twenty20 matches played between Oman and other ICC Members after 1 January 2019 will be a full T20I . Most cricket in Oman is played by expatriate Indians and Pakistanis ( and their descendants ) , rather than by native Omanis - in 2010 , only 100 of the 780 players in the national league were Arabs , or around 13 percent . The composition of the Omani national side has generally reflected this , although several Arabs have appeared for the team . Quotas of Arab players have been introduced for both club teams and the national side , in order to boost cricket 's popularity amongst the Arab population ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 2021', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TBC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Papua New Guinea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea_national_cricket_team', 'summary': 'The Papua New Guinea national cricket team , nicknamed the Barramundis , is the team that represents the country of Papua New Guinea in international cricket . The team is organised by Cricket PNG , which has been an Associate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) since 1973 . Papua New Guinea previously had One-Day International ( ODI ) status , which it gained by finishing fourth in 2014 World Cup Qualifier . Papua New Guinea lost both their ODI and T20I status in March 2018 after losing a playoff match against Nepal during the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier , a result that earned ODI and T20I status for their opponents . On 26 April 2019 , at the final World Cricket League 2 fixture ; PNG defeated Oman to finish at the fourth position and reclaim their ODI status . Papua New Guinea is the strongest team in the ICC East Asia-Pacific region , winning most ICC regional tournaments and having a similar record in the cricket tournament at the Pacific Games . The team has also played in every edition of the World Cup Qualifier ( previously the ICC Trophy ) . Papua New Guinea holds the world record for the highest score in a one-day match , making 572/7 against New Caledonia in 2007 . In April 2018 , the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status to all its Members . Therefore , all Twenty20 matches played between Papua New Guinea and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 will be a full T20I .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Namibia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Namibia_national_cricket_team', 'summary': 'The Namibia national cricket team is the team that represents the Republic of Namibia and is governed by Cricket Namibia , an Associate Member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) since 1992 , and became part of the High Performance Program in 2007 . They took part in the 2003 Cricket World Cup in South Africa , though they lost all their games . They have played in each edition of the ICC Intercontinental Cup . In April 2018 , the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International ( T20I ) status to all its members . Therefore , all Twenty20 matches played between Namibia and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 will be a full T20I .'}]}], 'section_title': 'ICC Cricket World Cup League 2 Fixtures', 'section_text': 'In May 2019 , the ICC announced the following schedule of Tri-Series involving The United States cricket team , as part of the 2019–22 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2 . Each Tri-Series will have four scheduled One Day International matches for each team . This guarantees at least 36 scheduled ODI for each team before January 2022 . [ 52 ]', 'uid': 'United_States_national_cricket_team_0', 'intro': 'The United States national cricket team is the team that represents the United States in international cricket. The team was formerly organised by the United States of America Cricket Association (USACA), which became an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1965. In June 2017, the USACA was expelled by the ICC due to governance and financing issues, with the U.S. team being temporarily overseen by ICC Americas until a new sanctioning body was established. In January 2019, associate membership was officially granted to USA Cricket. A U.S. representative team participated in the first international cricket match, played against Canada in 1844. For a century and a half, the U.S. national team seldom played against other national teams. It played mostly against Canada (in the annual Auty Cup), or against visiting teams from other countries. The United States made its international tournament debut at the 1979 ICC Trophy in England; it has since missed only two editions of the tournament (now known as the World Cup Qualifier). After winning the 2004 ICC Six Nations Challenge, the team qualified for the 2004 ICC Champions Trophy, playing its first two One Day International (ODI) matches. In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between the United States and other ICC members after January 1, 2019 are a full T20I. The first ever T20I to be played by the United States was scheduled against the United Arab Emirates in March 2019.'}	null	null	What is the home ground of this national cricket team that was the 2nd team in the series where G. S. Lakshmi served as the match referee for the opening fixture ?	The Grange
09e7b1a06fafa1e8	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darren_Criss', 'title': 'Darren Criss', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eastwick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastwick_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Eastwick is an American fantasy comedy-drama television series based on John Updike 's novel The Witches of Eastwick which aired on ABC from September 23 until December 30 , 2009 . The series was developed by Maggie Friedman , and starred Paul Gross as the infamous Darryl Van Horne , alongside Jaime Ray Newman , Lindsay Price , and Rebecca Romijn as the eponymous witches ."}]}, {'value': 'Josh Burton', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Recurring role , 5 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cold Case', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cold_Case_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Cold Case is an American police procedural television series which ran on CBS from September 28 , 2003 to May 2 , 2010 . The series revolved around a fictionalized Philadelphia Police Department division that specializes in investigating cold cases . On May 18 , 2010 , CBS announced the cancellation of the series after seven seasons and 156 episodes . The series aired in syndication , and also on Ion Television in the U.S. and on Viva in Canada . Sleuth also aired the series occasionally . In 2011 , the show aired on MyNetworkTV . The show made its debut on the new over-the-air channel Start TV when it launched on September 3 , 2018 . It also airs on MBC Action and through the Roku channel . Due to licensing issues related to the use of contemporary music in each episode , none of the seasons have been released on DVD .'}]}, {'value': 'Ruben Harris', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Free Love', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cold_Case_(season_7)', 'summary': "The seventh and final season of Cold Case , an American television series , began airing on September 27 , 2009 and concluded on May 2 , 2010 . Season seven regular cast members include Kathryn Morris , Danny Pino , John Finn , Thom Barry , Jeremy Ratchford , and Tracie Thoms . This is the series 's last season . On May 18 , 2010 more than 2 weeks after the series finale aired , CBS announced that the show would not be renewed for an eighth season due to low ratings . This season had an average of 9.86 million viewers and ranked 29th , being the least watched season of the series ."}]}, {'value': '2010-2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glee_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Glee ( stylized in all lowercase ) is an American musical comedy-drama television series that aired on the Fox network in the United States from May 19 , 2009 , to March 20 , 2015 . It centers on the fictional William McKinley High School glee club , the New Directions , which competes on the show choir competition circuit while its disparate members deal with social issues , especially regarding sexuality , race , relationships , and teamwork . The initial twelve-member cast included Matthew Morrison as club director and Spanish teacher Will Schuester , Jane Lynch as cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester , Jayma Mays as guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury , Jessalyn Gilsig as Will 's wife Terri , and Dianna Agron , Chris Colfer , Kevin McHale , Lea Michele , Cory Monteith , Amber Riley , Mark Salling , and Jenna Ushkowitz as eight club members . The main cast was altered throughout the series . The series was created by Ryan Murphy , Brad Falchuk , and Ian Brennan , the latter of whom first conceived of Glee as a film . The three wrote all of the show 's episodes for the first two seasons , and Murphy and Falchuk initially served as the show 's main directors . The pilot episode was broadcast on May 19 , 2009 , and the first season aired from September 9 , 2009 , to June 8 , 2010 . Subsequent seasons aired in September through May . The sixth and final season aired from January to March 2015 . Glee features on-screen performance-based musical numbers that were selected by Murphy , who aimed to maintain a balance between show tunes and chart hits , and produced by Adam Anders and Peer Åström . Songs covered in the show were released through the iTunes Store during the week of broadcast , and a series of Glee albums have been released by Columbia Records . The music of Glee has been a commercial success , with over thirty-six million digital single sales and eleven million album sales worldwide through October 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Blaine Anderson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blaine_Anderson', 'summary': "Blaine Devon Anderson is a fictional character from the American musical comedy-drama television series Glee . Played by Darren Criss , Blaine was introduced in the sixth episode of the second season as the openly gay lead singer of the Dalton Academy Warblers , a rival show choir to New Directions , the show 's primary musical group . Blaine initially served as a mentor for New Directions member Kurt Hummel ( Chris Colfer ) . Chemistry between the two , combined with fan support for the couple , led series co-creator Ryan Murphy to pair them romantically . Their relationship has been well received by critics , and they have been named one of the most beloved TV couples of the millennium by Jarett Wieselman of the New York Post . At the beginning of the third season , Blaine transfers to McKinley High and joins New Directions ; concurrently , Criss was promoted from recurring guest star to the show 's main cast . Criss auditioned for Glee several times before being cast as Blaine , including for the lead role of Finn Hudson . He believed he would be ill-suited to that character , but identifies with Blaine , having been raised among the gay community . He plays Blaine as charismatic and confident , and finds his youthful self-acceptance a fitting counterpoint to common media portrayals of gay characters . As the Warblers ' lead vocalist and subsequent New Directions member , Blaine has performed a number of songs on the television series . His first , a cover version of Teenage Dream by Katy Perry , became the fastest-selling Glee single , reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 , and was certified gold in the U.S . Tracks by the Warblers have sold over 1.3 million copies ."}]}, {'value': 'Recurring role ( Season 2 ) ; 14 episodes Main Role ( Seasons 3 , 4 , 5 & 6 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glee_(season_2)', 'summary': "The second season of the musical comedy-drama television series Glee originally aired between September 21 , 2010 and May 24 , 2011 on Fox in the United States . The 22-episode season was produced by 20th Century Fox Television and Ryan Murphy Television , with executive producers Dante Di Loreto and series co-creators Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk , with the other series co-creator , Ian Brennan , as co-executive producer . The series features the New Directions glee club at the fictional William McKinley High School in the town of Lima , Ohio . Season two follows the club competing on the show choir circuit , while its members and faculty deal with sex , religion , homophobia , financial difficulties , rumors , teenage drinking , death and other social issues . The central characters are glee club director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) , cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester ( Jane Lynch ) , guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury ( Jayma Mays ) , and glee club members Artie Abrams ( Kevin McHale ) , Brittany Pierce ( Heather Morris ) , Finn Hudson ( Cory Monteith ) , Kurt Hummel ( Chris Colfer ) , Mercedes Jones ( Amber Riley ) , Noah Puck Puckerman ( Mark Salling ) , Quinn Fabray ( Dianna Agron ) , Rachel Berry ( Lea Michele ) , Santana Lopez ( Naya Rivera ) and Tina Cohen-Chang ( Jenna Ushkowitz ) . Will 's ex-wife Terri ( Jessalyn Gilsig ) and Kurt 's father Burt ( Mike O'Malley ) round out the list of main characters . The season received generally positive reviews from critics . The musical performances from the second season expanded on the success of the first season , with the show releasing five soundtrack albums and over one hundred digital singles . The cast decisively broke the record for most charted songs by an act in the 52-year history of the Billboard Hot 100 with 156 appearances through the end of its second season . Two singles , Teenage Dream and Loser Like Me , were the first to have over 200,000 downloads in their first week of release in the US , and both charted in the top ten in the US and Canada , and have been certified gold in the US . The season was nominated for twelve Emmy Awards , five Golden Globe Awards , five Satellite Awards and over fifty other awards . Three DVDs have been released with episodes from the season : Glee - Season 2 , Volume 1 featuring episodes one through ten , Glee - Season 2 , Volume 2 featuring episodes eleven through twenty-two , and Glee - The Complete Second Season ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Glee_(season_3)', 'summary': 'The third season of the musical comedy-drama television series Glee was commissioned on May 23 , 2010 by Fox while the first season aired . It aired between September 20 , 2011 and May 22 , 2012 , and was produced by 20th Century Fox Television and Ryan Murphy Television , with executive producers Dante Di Loreto and series co-creators Ryan Murphy , Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan . The series features the New Directions glee club at the fictional William McKinley High School in the town of Lima , Ohio . Season three follows the club competing on the show choir circuit , while its members and faculty deal with sex , sexual identity , gender identity , stress , domestic violence , teenage suicide , pregnancy , disabilities , texting while driving , and other social issues . The central characters are glee club director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) , cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester ( Jane Lynch ) , guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury ( Jayma Mays ) , and glee club members Artie Abrams ( Kevin McHale ) , Blaine Anderson ( Darren Criss ) , Rachel Berry ( Lea Michele ) , Mike Chang ( Harry Shum , Jr. ) , Tina Cohen-Chang ( Jenna Ushkowitz ) , Quinn Fabray ( Dianna Agron ) , Finn Hudson ( Cory Monteith ) , Kurt Hummel ( Chris Colfer ) , Mercedes Jones ( Amber Riley ) , Santana Lopez ( Naya Rivera ) , Brittany Pierce ( Heather Morris ) and Noah Puck Puckerman ( Mark Salling ) . At the end of the season , eight members of the glee club graduate : Rachel , Mike , Quinn , Finn , Kurt , Mercedes , Santana and Puck . The season was nominated for three Emmy Awards , one Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series - Comedy or Musical and one Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Glee_(season_4)', 'summary': "The fourth season of the Fox musical comedy-drama television series Glee was commissioned on April 9 , 2012 . It premiered on September 13 , 2012 and is produced by 20th Century Fox Television , Ryan Murphy Television and Brad Falchuk Teley-Vision with executive producers Dante Di Loreto and series co-creators Ryan Murphy , Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan . The series features the New Directions glee club at the fictional William McKinley High School in the town of Lima , Ohio . The fourth season continues in Lima with a new generation of students but will also follow some of the McKinley graduates from the third season , notably to the fictional New York Academy of the Dramatic Arts ( NYADA ) in New York City . The season follows the club competing on the show choir circuit , while its members , faculty and alumni deal with sex , bulimia , gender identity , child molestation , dyslexia , school violence , pregnancy scares and other social issues . As of the season premiere , fourteen main cast members retained that status from the third season : glee club director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) , cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester ( Jane Lynch ) , glee club members Artie Abrams ( Kevin McHale ) , Blaine Anderson ( Darren Criss ) , Tina Cohen-Chang ( Jenna Ushkowitz ) , and Brittany Pierce ( Heather Morris ) , and graduates Rachel Berry ( Lea Michele ) , Mike Chang ( Harry Shum , Jr. ) , Finn Hudson ( Cory Monteith ) , Kurt Hummel ( Chris Colfer ) , Mercedes Jones ( Amber Riley ) , Santana Lopez ( Naya Rivera ) and Noah Puck Puckerman ( Mark Salling ) . Previously recurring character Sam Evans ( Chord Overstreet ) , a glee club member , was promoted to the main cast in the fourth season . Dianna Agron , who played Quinn Fabray , appeared less frequently in the season than in previous ones , as did some of the other graduates , including Mercedes Jones ( Amber Riley ) , Mike Chang ( Harry Shum Jr. ) , and Noah Puckerman ( Mark Salling ) , despite still being credited as main cast members for this season . Agron and Jayma Mays , who continued to appear as guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury , were credited as guest stars this season rather than as series regulars . This season marked the final appearance of Cory Monteith on the show before his death on July 13 , 2013 . The season was nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards including one for Lynch 's performance as Sue Sylvester and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Glee_(season_5)', 'summary': "The fifth season of the Fox musical comedy-drama television series Glee was commissioned on April 19 , 2013 , along with a sixth season . It premiered on September 26 , 2013 , as part of the 2013 fall season . After a winter break , it returned on February 25 , 2014 , moving to Tuesday nights to finish its season . The second part of the season featured the 100th episode of the series , the 12th episode of the season , which aired on March 18 , 2014 . It was shorter than previous seasons , with twenty episodes instead of twenty-two . The series features the New Directions glee club at the fictional William McKinley High School ( WMHS ) in the town of Lima , Ohio , and graduates of McKinley who have moved to New York City , some to attend the fictional New York Academy of Dramatic Arts ( NYADA ) . Unlike previous seasons , the fifth continues the school year begun in season four . The first half of the season follows the club competing on the show choir circuit , while the remainder of the season focuses on graduation and the alumni 's lives in New York City as its members , faculty and alumni deal with gay bashing , death , intimacy , STDs , transphobia and other social issues . The central characters are glee club director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) , cheerleading coach and school principal Sue Sylvester ( Jane Lynch ) , glee club members Artie Abrams ( Kevin McHale ) , Blaine Anderson ( Darren Criss ) , Tina Cohen-Chang ( Jenna Ushkowitz ) , Sam Evans ( Chord Overstreet ) and graduates Rachel Berry ( Lea Michele ) , Kurt Hummel ( Chris Colfer ) , and Santana Lopez ( Naya Rivera ) . Previously recurring characters Jake Puckerman ( Jacob Artist ) , Marley Rose ( Melissa Benoist ) , Ryder Lynn ( Blake Jenner ) , Wade Unique Adams ( Alex Newell ) , and Kitty Wilde ( Becca Tobin ) , who are current glee club members at WMHS , have been promoted to the main cast in the fifth season - though none of them appear in the last trimester , seven episodes , of the season , as the season moves its focus to the alumni . Heather Morris , Amber Riley , Mark Salling , and Harry Shum , Jr. , who have portrayed Brittany Pierce , Mercedes Jones , Noah Puck Puckerman and Mike Chang ( respectively ) since season one , are no longer series regulars , but did appear as guest stars . This is the first season not to feature Cory Monteith , who died shortly before production was scheduled to begin ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Glee_(season_6)', 'summary': "The sixth and final season of the Fox musical comedy-drama television series Glee was commissioned on April 19 , 2013 , along with the fifth season , as part of a two-season renewal deal for the show on the Fox network . The final season , consisting of 13 episodes , premiered on Friday , January 9 , 2015 , with the first two episodes , and the last two episodes ( functioning as a single series finale ) aired on March 20 , 2015 . The series features the New Directions glee club at the fictional William McKinley High School ( WMHS ) in the town of Lima , Ohio , and some of the graduates of McKinley . The season focuses on the former glee club member , Rachel Berry , who returns to McKinley after her TV Pilot bombs to rebuild the disbanded glee club . The central characters are the former glee club director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) , school principal Sue Sylvester ( Jane Lynch ) , and Glee club graduates Rachel Berry ( Lea Michele ) , Kurt Hummel ( Chris Colfer ) , Blaine Anderson ( Darren Criss ) , Artie Abrams ( Kevin McHale ) , and Sam Evans ( Chord Overstreet ) . Amber Riley returns to the main cast as Mercedes Jones and Dot-Marie Jones , who portrays Shannon Beiste , the school 's football coach , was promoted to the main cast after four years as a recurring character . Jenna Ushkowitz , Naya Rivera , Becca Tobin , Jacob Artist , Melissa Benoist , Blake Jenner , and Alex Newell who have portrayed Tina Cohen-Chang , Santana Lopez , Kitty Wilde , Jake Puckerman , Marley Rose , Ryder Lynn , and Wade Unique Adams , were demoted from the main cast this season with Ushkowitz , Rivera , Tobin , and Newell recurring during the season , while Artist and Jenner returned briefly in the series finale . Benoist , however , does not appear at all in this season . The season was nominated for one Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics ."}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Archer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archer_(2009_TV_series)', 'summary': "Archer is an American adult animated sitcom created by Adam Reed for FX that premiered on September 17 , 2009 . The series follows the exploits of the title character ( voiced by H. Jon Benjamin ) , a dysfunctional , irreverent secret agent and seven of his colleagues - domineering boss/mother Malory Archer ( Jessica Walter ) , professional Lana Kane ( Aisha Tyler ) , mild-mannered Cyril Figgis ( Chris Parnell ) , delusional , psychotic Cheryl Tunt ( Judy Greer ) , gossipy Pam Poovey ( Amber Nash ) , openly gay Ray Gillette ( Adam Reed ) and bizarre , mysterious Dr. Algernop Krieger ( Lucky Yates ) . Beginning with the eighth season , the show experiments with the standard setup of an anthology , each with self-contained arcs , new settings , a disparate set of personae for each character , even distinct humor . The season also marked the show 's move to the sibling FXX network . Archer was conceived by Reed shortly after the cancellation of his Adult Swim comedy Frisky Dingo . It draws inspiration from a variety of sources , including the James Bond franchise . The show 's hallmarks include reference-heavy humor , rapid-fire dialogue , and meta-comedy . Archer is produced using limited animation and takes its visual style from mid-century comic art . The cast members record their lines individually , and the show regularly employs guest actors and actresses for supporting characters . The series has received positive reviews from critics and won awards , including three Primetime Emmy Awards and four Critics Choice Awards . The series has also received 15 Annie Award nominations , among others , for outstanding achievement in animation , writing , direction , and voice acting . As of season 10 , 110 episodes have been broadcast ."}]}, {'value': 'Mikey and Tommy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Placebo Effect ( voice role )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archer_(season_2)', 'summary': 'The second season of the animated television series , Archer originally aired in the United States on the cable network FX . This season started on January 27 , 2011 , with Swiss Miss and ended with Double Trouble on April 21 , 2011 , with a total of thirteen episodes .'}]}, {'value': '2011 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Glee Project', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Glee_Project', 'summary': "The Glee Project is an American reality television series from Oxygen . It served as an audition for the Fox musical comedy series Glee , and the prize for the winner was a minimum seven-episode arc in the following season of the show . The show 's first season premiered in the US on June 12 , 2011 , and concluded on August 21 , 2011 . In Canada , the series began airing on Slice on June 26 , 2011 , and in the UK , the series began airing on Sky 1 on July 14 , 2011 . A second season aired in the US from June 5 to August 14 , 2012 . In July 2013 , it was announced that The Glee Project would not return for a third season . Glee executive producers Ryan Murphy and Dante Di Loreto executive produced for The Glee Project . Glee 's casting director , Robert Ulrich , was casting director for the project , while Glee 's on-screen non-speaking accompanist , Brad Ellis , helping Ulrich coach 80 potential candidates as seen in the music segment of The Top 12 special that led into the pilot episode of season 1 ."}]}, {'value': 'Himself', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episodes : Individuality , Pairability , and Glee-ality ( Season 1 ) , Romanticality ( Season 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Glee_Project', 'summary': "The Glee Project is an American reality television series from Oxygen . It served as an audition for the Fox musical comedy series Glee , and the prize for the winner was a minimum seven-episode arc in the following season of the show . The show 's first season premiered in the US on June 12 , 2011 , and concluded on August 21 , 2011 . In Canada , the series began airing on Slice on June 26 , 2011 , and in the UK , the series began airing on Sky 1 on July 14 , 2011 . A second season aired in the US from June 5 to August 14 , 2012 . In July 2013 , it was announced that The Glee Project would not return for a third season . Glee executive producers Ryan Murphy and Dante Di Loreto executive produced for The Glee Project . Glee 's casting director , Robert Ulrich , was casting director for the project , while Glee 's on-screen non-speaking accompanist , Brad Ellis , helping Ulrich coach 80 potential candidates as seen in the music segment of The Top 12 special that led into the pilot episode of season 1 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Glee_Project', 'summary': "The Glee Project is an American reality television series from Oxygen . It served as an audition for the Fox musical comedy series Glee , and the prize for the winner was a minimum seven-episode arc in the following season of the show . The show 's first season premiered in the US on June 12 , 2011 , and concluded on August 21 , 2011 . In Canada , the series began airing on Slice on June 26 , 2011 , and in the UK , the series began airing on Sky 1 on July 14 , 2011 . A second season aired in the US from June 5 to August 14 , 2012 . In July 2013 , it was announced that The Glee Project would not return for a third season . Glee executive producers Ryan Murphy and Dante Di Loreto executive produced for The Glee Project . Glee 's casting director , Robert Ulrich , was casting director for the project , while Glee 's on-screen non-speaking accompanist , Brad Ellis , helping Ulrich coach 80 potential candidates as seen in the music segment of The Top 12 special that led into the pilot episode of season 1 ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Glee : Do n't Stop Believing", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Himself', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Documentary on Glee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glee_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Glee ( stylized in all lowercase ) is an American musical comedy-drama television series that aired on the Fox network in the United States from May 19 , 2009 , to March 20 , 2015 . It centers on the fictional William McKinley High School glee club , the New Directions , which competes on the show choir competition circuit while its disparate members deal with social issues , especially regarding sexuality , race , relationships , and teamwork . The initial twelve-member cast included Matthew Morrison as club director and Spanish teacher Will Schuester , Jane Lynch as cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester , Jayma Mays as guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury , Jessalyn Gilsig as Will 's wife Terri , and Dianna Agron , Chris Colfer , Kevin McHale , Lea Michele , Cory Monteith , Amber Riley , Mark Salling , and Jenna Ushkowitz as eight club members . The main cast was altered throughout the series . The series was created by Ryan Murphy , Brad Falchuk , and Ian Brennan , the latter of whom first conceived of Glee as a film . The three wrote all of the show 's episodes for the first two seasons , and Murphy and Falchuk initially served as the show 's main directors . The pilot episode was broadcast on May 19 , 2009 , and the first season aired from September 9 , 2009 , to June 8 , 2010 . Subsequent seasons aired in September through May . The sixth and final season aired from January to March 2015 . Glee features on-screen performance-based musical numbers that were selected by Murphy , who aimed to maintain a balance between show tunes and chart hits , and produced by Adam Anders and Peer Åström . Songs covered in the show were released through the iTunes Store during the week of broadcast , and a series of Glee albums have been released by Columbia Records . The music of Glee has been a commercial success , with over thirty-six million digital single sales and eleven million album sales worldwide through October 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Cleveland Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Cleveland_Show', 'summary': "The Cleveland Show is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane , Richard Appel , and Mike Henry for the Fox Broadcasting Company as a spin-off of Family Guy . The series centered on the Browns and Tubbs , two dysfunctional families consisting of parents Cleveland Brown and Donna Tubbs and their children Cleveland Brown , Jr. , Roberta Tubbs , and Rallo Tubbs . Similar to Family Guy , it exhibited much of its humor in the form of cutaway gags that often lampoon American culture . The series was conceived by MacFarlane in 2007 after developing the two animated series Family Guy and American Dad ! for the Fox network . MacFarlane centered the show on Family Guy character Cleveland Brown , his new wife Donna Tubbs , his step-children Rallo and Roberta Tubbs , and his son Cleveland , Jr. , who , in the show , is depicted as an obese , soft-spoken teen , as opposed to his depiction as a younger , hyperactive child with average body weight on Family Guy . The series originally aired from September 27 , 2009 , to May 19 , 2013 , for a total of four seasons and 88 episodes . The Cleveland Show was nominated for one Annie Award , one Primetime Emmy Award , and two Teen Choice Awards , but received mixed reviews from media critics . The series was canceled after its fourth season . Cleveland has since returned to Family Guy , accompanied by the rest of the Brown-Tubbs family , as of the twelfth season episode He 's Bla-ack ! . In July 2010 , the Turner Broadcasting System picked up syndication rights , for their networks TBS and Adult Swim . The series first aired in syndication on Adult Swim on Cartoon Network in the United States on September 29 , 2012 and on MuchMusic in Canada on September 2 , 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hunter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Jesus Walks ( voice role )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Web Therapy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Web_Therapy_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Web Therapy is an American comedy series that premiered on Showtime on July 19 , 2011 . It is based on the web series of the same name and stars Lisa Kudrow as Fiona Wallice , a therapist who works with patients over the Internet . Web Therapy initially received mixed reviews from critics but has since received more positive reviews , with many critics praising Kudrow 's performance . On August 11 , 2015 , Showtime cancelled the series after four seasons ."}]}, {'value': 'Augie Sayles', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Episodes : Long Distance Lovers , Losing Followers , Closer When We 're Apart ( Season 3 )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Web_Therapy_episodes', 'summary': 'The following is an episode list for the television series Web Therapy . The series stars Lisa Kudrow as Fiona Wallice , a therapist who has conceived of a new form of therapy : the titular web therapy .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013 Teen Choice Awards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_Teen_Choice_Awards', 'summary': "The 2013 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 11 , 2013 and broadcast on Fox . The awards celebrate the year 's achievements in music , film , television , sports , fashion , comedy , and the Internet , and are voted on by viewers living in the USA , aged 13 and over through various social media sites . This was the last Teen Choice Award ceremony to take place at the Gibson Amphitheatre due to the venue closing down in September 2013 , to make room for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter . The Twilight Saga : Breaking Dawn - Part 2 won eight of its nine nominations , Pretty Little Liars won all of its seven nominations , pushing the series ' total to eighteen Teen Choice Awards , Pitch Perfect won four of its eleven , Glee won four and Bruno Mars won two of their eight , respectively , Taylor Swift won two of her seven , and Demi Lovato won four of her six , One Direction won all six of their nominations ( including the awards received by Harry Styles ) , remaining undefeated at the Teen Choice Awards , Selena Gomez won three of her six nominations and Miley Cyrus won three of her six nominations . Miley Cyrus took home the Candie 's Fashion Trendsetter award ."}]}, {'value': 'Co-host', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Co-hosted with Lucy Hale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lucy_Hale', 'summary': "Karen Lucille Hale ( born June 14 , 1989 ) is an American actress and singer . Early in her career , she was sometimes referred to as Lucy Kate Hale . She is best known for her roles as Aria Montgomery on the Freeform series Pretty Little Liars ( 2010-2017 ) , and Katy Keene on the CW series Katy Keene ( 2020-present ) . Some other notable roles in television played by Hale include Becca Sommers in Bionic Woman ( 2007 ) , Rose Baker in Privileged ( 2008-2009 ) and Stella Abbott in Life Sentence ( 2018 ) . Hale has appeared in films , The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 ( 2008 ) , Sorority Wars ( 2009 ) , A Cinderella Story : Once Upon a Song and Scream 4 ( both 2011 ) and Truth or Dare and Dude ( both 2018 ) . In addition to acting , Hale has also ventured into music . In 2003 , she first came to prominence as one of the five winners of the reality show American Juniors , a children 's spin-off of Fox 's American Idol and began as a solo artist with signing Hollywood Records in 2012 , on her debut studio album , Road Between ( 2014 ) ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Six by Sondheim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Six_by_Sondheim', 'summary': 'Six by Sondheim is an HBO television documentary which pays tribute to Broadway composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim . The film was directed and co-produced by James Lapine , based on an idea by Frank Rich and centers on the backstory of six great Sondheim songs .'}]}, {'value': 'Franklin Shepard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'HBO documentary about the life of legendary composer Stephen Sondheim , interwoven with 6 of his most iconic songs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HBO', 'summary': 'HBO ( Home Box Office ) is an American premium television network owned by Home Box Office , Inc. , a subsidiary of WarnerMedia Entertainment . The programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television shows , along with made-for-cable movies , documentaries and occasional comedy and concert specials . HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service ( basic or premium ) in the United States , having been in operation since November 8 , 1972 . In 2016 , HBO had an adjusted operating income of US $ 1.93 billion , compared to the US $ 1.88 billion it accrued in 2015 . HBO has 140 million subscribers worldwide as of 2018 [ update ] . The network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels , including HBO Comedy , HBO Latino , HBO Signature , and HBO Family . It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015 and has over 5 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2018 [ update ] .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim', 'summary': "Stephen Joshua Sondheim ( /ˈsɒndhaɪm/ ; born March 22 , 1930 ) is an American composer and lyricist known for his work in musical theater . One of the most important figures in 20th-century musical theater , Sondheim has been praised for [ reinventing ] the American musical with shows that tackle unexpected themes that range far beyond the [ genre 's ] traditional subjects with music and lyrics of unprecedented complexity and sophistication . His shows have been praised for addressing darker , more harrowing elements of the human experience , with songs often tinged with ambivalence about various aspects of life . His best-known works as composer and lyricist include A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum ( 1962 ) , Company ( 1970 ) , Follies ( 1971 ) , A Little Night Music ( 1973 ) , Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( 1979 ) , Sunday in the Park with George ( 1984 ) , and Into the Woods ( 1987 ) . He is also known for writing the lyrics for West Side Story ( 1957 ) and Gypsy ( 1959 ) . He has received an Academy Award , eight Tony Awards ( more than any other composer , including a Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre ) , eight Grammy Awards , a Pulitzer Prize , a Laurence Olivier Award , and a 2015 Presidential Medal of Freedom . In 2010 , the former Henry Miller 's Theater on Broadway was renamed the Stephen Sondheim Theatre ; in 2019 , it was announced that the Queen 's Theatre in the West End of London would be renamed the Sondheim Theatre at the end of the year . Sondheim has written film music , contributing Goodbye for Now for Warren Beatty 's 1981 Reds . He wrote five songs for 1990 's Dick Tracy , including Sooner or Later ( I Always Get My Man ) , sung in the film by Madonna , which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song . Film adaptations of Sondheim 's work include West Side Story ( 1961 ) , Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( 2007 ) , and Into the Woods ( 2014 ) ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Whose Line Is It Anyway ?', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Whose_Line_Is_It_Anyway?_(U.S._TV_series)', 'summary': 'Whose Line Is It Anyway ? ( often known as simply Whose Line ? ) is an improvisational comedy television show in the United States , an adaptation of the British show of the same name . It aired on ABC and ABC Family from August 5 , 1998 , to December 15 , 2007 , hosted by Drew Carey . A revival of the show , hosted by Aisha Tyler , began airing on The CW on July 16 , 2013 . The series features Ryan Stiles , Colin Mochrie , and Wayne Brady as its regular performers with the fourth seat occupied by a guest panelist .'}]}, {'value': 'Himself', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Various roles of improvisational comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015-2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Transformers : Robots in Disguise', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Transformers:_Robots_in_Disguise_(2015_TV_series)', 'summary': "Transformers : Robots in Disguise is an American animated robot superhero television series for children produced by Hasbro Studios and Darby Pop Productions in the United States for Cartoon Network , and was also animated by Polygon Pictures in Japan . It is the stand-alone sequel to Transformers : Prime that ran from 2010-2013 on The Hub Network , featuring characters ( most of whose voice actors reprise their roles ) and storylines mostly self-contained from the events of its predecessor as well as an overall more lighthearted tone . Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman ( the executive producers of Prime ) did not return to the new series . In the United States , the series ran on Cartoon Network from March 14 , 2015 to November 11 , 2017 . The show 's second season , featuring guest appearances from some returning Transformers : Prime characters , premiered on February 20 , 2016 . A six-episode mini-series centered on the return of Starscream premiered in Canada on September 10 , 2016 , before debuting on U.S television the following month . The third and final season , subtitled Combiner Force , aired from April 29 , 2017 to November 11 , 2017 . It was the first Transformers series to feature Bumblebee as the main protagonist rather than Optimus Prime , the leader of the Autobots and the main protagonist in most of the series ."}]}, {'value': 'Sideswipe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sideswipe_(Transformers)', 'summary': 'Sideswipe is a fictional robot superhero character in the Transformers franchise . Because of trademark restrictions , toys of the character are sometimes marketed as SideSwipe .'}]}, {'value': 'Voice role for animated robot superhero TV series', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American Horror Story : Hotel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Horror_Story:_Hotel', 'summary': "American Horror Story : Hotel is the fifth season of the FX horror anthology television series American Horror Story , created by Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk . It premiered on October 7 , 2015 , and concluded January 13 , 2016 . The series was renewed in October 2014 , with the subtitle Hotel being announced in February 2015 . Returning cast from previous seasons of the series include : Kathy Bates , Sarah Paulson , Evan Peters , Wes Bentley , Matt Bomer , Chloë Sevigny , Denis O'Hare , Angela Bassett , Mare Winningham , Christine Estabrook , Finn Wittrock , Lily Rabe , Anthony Ruivivar , John Carroll Lynch , Matt Ross , and Gabourey Sidibe , along with new cast members Lady Gaga and Cheyenne Jackson . Breaking from the anthological format , like Freak Show , the season is interconnected to the first and third seasons . Hotel marks the first season to not feature series mainstays Jessica Lange and Frances Conroy . The plot centers around the mysterious Hotel Cortez in Los Angeles , California , that catches the eye of an intrepid homicide detective ( Bentley ) . The Cortez is host to many disturbing scenarios and paranormal events , and is overseen by its enigmatic matron , The Countess ( Gaga ) , who is a bloodsucking fashionista . The hotel is loosely based on an actual hotel built in 1893 by H. H. Holmes in Chicago , Il . for the 1893 World 's Columbian Exposition . It became known as the 'Murder Castle ' as it was built for Holmes to torture , murder , and dispose of evidence just as is the Cortez . This season features multiple murderous threats , including the Ten Commandments Killer , a serial offender who selects his victims in accordance with biblical teachings ; a vampiric , self-styled Countess , played by Lady Gaga ; and the serial killer mastermind responsible for the hotel 's construction who is now a ghost residing there ."}]}, {'value': 'Justin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Recurring role , 2 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles : Turtles Take Time ( and Space )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raphael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raphael_(Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles)', 'summary': "Raphael , nickname Raph , is a fictional character and one of the four main characters of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comics and all related media . He is usually depicted wearing a red eye mask ; in this regard he is the only turtle to retain the color in all media , whereas the others each received a different color . Raphael wields twin sai , the points of which are usually sharpened , as his primary weapon . Raphael is most famous for his temperamental personality , being short-tempered , aggressive , sullen , maddened , and rebellious . He is portrayed in most interaction as speaking with a Brooklyn accent . The origin of Raphael 's anger is not always fully explored , but in some incarnations appears to stem partly from the realization that they are the only creatures of their kind and ultimately alone . He also has a somewhat turbulent relationship with his older brother Leonardo because he is seen as the group 's leader . He is the second eldest of the turtles , and second-in-command . Like all of the brothers , he is named after a Renaissance artist ; in this case , he is named after the 16th-century Italian painter Raphael . In 2011 , Raphael placed 23rd on IGN 's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes , a list that did not feature any of his brothers ."}]}, {'value': 'Short ( voice role )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hairspray Live !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hairspray_Live!', 'summary': 'Hairspray Live ! is a television special that aired live on NBC on December 7 , 2016 . Produced by Craig Zadan and Neil Meron , and hosted by Darren Criss , it is a performance of a new adaptation of the 2002 Broadway musical Hairspray .'}]}, {'value': 'Himself', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mutliplatform host and backstage reporter', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Supergirl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Supergirl_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Supergirl is an American superhero television series developed by Ali Adler , Greg Berlanti and Andrew Kreisberg that originally aired on CBS and premiered on October 26 , 2015 . It is based on the DC Comics character Supergirl , created by Otto Binder and Al Plastino , and stars Melissa Benoist in the title role . Supergirl is a costumed superheroine who is Superman 's cousin and one of the last surviving Kryptonians . The series is the third series set in the Arrowverse , sharing continuity with the other television series of the franchise . Filming takes place in Vancouver , British Columbia . The series was officially picked up on May 6 , 2015 , after receiving a series commitment in September 2014 , and received a full season order on November 30 , 2015 . Since the second season , the series has aired on The CW . The show has received generally positive reviews from critics , who have praised the creative direction , the performances , and the themes addressed . In January 2019 , the series was renewed for a fifth season , which premiered on October 6 , 2019 . In January 2020 , The CW renewed the series for a sixth season ."}]}, {'value': 'Music Meister', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Music_Meister', 'summary': 'Music Meister is a fictional character created by Mike Jelenic and James Tucker , appearing in Mayhem of the Music Meister ! , an episode of Batman : The Brave and the Bold , voiced by Neil Patrick Harris . The character later appeared in the comic book sequel to the series of the same name , published by DC Comics . The first live-action version of the character appeared in an episode of the third season of The Flash and an episode of the second season of Supergirl played by Darren Criss on The CW .'}]}, {'value': 'Episode : Star-Crossed', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Star-Crossed_(Supergirl)', 'summary': 'The second season of the American television series Supergirl , which is based on the DC Comics character Supergirl / Kara Zor-El , a costumed superheroine who is the cousin to Superman and one of the last surviving Kryptonians . The season was ordered in May 2016 , and unlike the first season which aired on CBS , this season was picked up by The CW . While the first season was filmed in Los Angeles , beginning with this season filming relocated to Vancouver , to reduce the high production costs of the series . The season was filmed from July 2016 to April 2017 . Alongside Melissa Benoist , who stars in the titular role , principal cast members Mehcad Brooks , Chyler Leigh , Jeremy Jordan , and David Harewood return from the first season , and are joined by Chris Wood and Floriana Lima . The season premiered on The CW on October 10 , 2016 , and ran until May 22 , 2017 , over 22 episodes . It received overall critical acclaim , being viewed as an improvement over the first season . The series was renewed for a third season on January 8 , 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Flash', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Flash_(2014_TV_series)', 'summary': "The Flash is an American superhero television series developed by Greg Berlanti , Andrew Kreisberg , and Geoff Johns , airing on The CW . It is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash , a costumed superhero crime-fighter with the power to move at superhuman speeds . It is a spin-off from Arrow , existing in the same fictional universe . The series follows Barry Allen , portrayed by Grant Gustin , a crime scene investigator who gains super-human speed , which he uses to fight criminals , including others who have also gained superhuman abilities . Initially envisioned as a backdoor pilot , the positive reception Gustin received during two appearances as Barry on Arrow led to executives choosing to develop a full pilot to make use of a larger budget and help flesh out Barry 's world in more detail . The series is primarily filmed in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada . The Flash premiered in North America on October 7 , 2014 , where the pilot became the second-most watched premiere in the history of The CW , after The Vampire Diaries in 2009 . It has been well received by critics and audiences , and won the People 's Choice Award for Favorite New TV Drama in 2014 . The series , together with Arrow , has spun characters out to their own show , Legends of Tomorrow , which premiered on January 21 , 2016 . On January 31 , 2019 , The CW renewed the series for a sixth season , which premiered on October 8 , 2019 . In January 2020 , The CW renewed the series for a seventh season ."}]}, {'value': 'Music Meister', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Music_Meister', 'summary': 'Music Meister is a fictional character created by Mike Jelenic and James Tucker , appearing in Mayhem of the Music Meister ! , an episode of Batman : The Brave and the Bold , voiced by Neil Patrick Harris . The character later appeared in the comic book sequel to the series of the same name , published by DC Comics . The first live-action version of the character appeared in an episode of the third season of The Flash and an episode of the second season of Supergirl played by Darren Criss on The CW .'}]}, {'value': 'Episode : Duet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duet_(The_Flash)', 'summary': "Duet is the seventeenth episode of the third season of The CW television series The Flash , which aired on March 21 , 2017 . The episode was written by Aaron Helbing and Todd Helbing from a story by Greg Berlanti and Andrew Kreisberg , and was directed by Dermott Daniel Downs . The episode features a musical crossover with Supergirl and reunites Grant Gustin and Melissa Benoist with their former Glee co-star Darren Criss , who portrays the Music Meister . Jesse L. Martin also reunites with Jeremy Jordan , with whom he previously worked in the 2012 musical film Joyful Noise . The story begins at the end of the Supergirl episode Star-Crossed , which aired on March 20 , 2017 , which saw Kara Danvers / Supergirl ( Benoist ) hypnotized into a coma by Music Meister , with Mon-El ( Chris Wood ) and J'onn J'onzz / Martian Manhunter ( David Harewood ) bringing her to Earth-1 in hope that Team Flash can save her ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Assassination of Gianni Versace : American Crime Story', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Assassination_of_Gianni_Versace:_American_Crime_Story', 'summary': "The Assassination of Gianni Versace : American Crime Story is the second season of the FX true crime anthology television series American Crime Story . The season premiered on January 17 , 2018 , and concluded on March 21 , 2018 . In 9 episodes , the series explores the murder of designer Gianni Versace by spree killer Andrew Cunanan , based on Maureen Orth 's book Vulgar Favors : Andrew Cunanan , Gianni Versace , and the Largest Failed Manhunt in U.S. History . The series stars Édgar Ramírez , Darren Criss , Ricky Martin , and Penélope Cruz . The season received positive reviews from critics , with praise for most of the performances . At the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards , it received the most nominations with nine , and won three awards , including Outstanding Limited Series and Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie for Criss ."}]}, {'value': 'Andrew Cunanan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Cunanan', 'summary': "Andrew Phillip Cunanan ( August 31 , 1969 - July 23 , 1997 ) was an American spree killer known to have murdered five people during a three-month period in mid-1997 . His victims included Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace and Chicago real estate developer Lee Miglin . Cunanan 's string of murders ended on July 23 of that year , when he died by suicide , shooting himself . In his final years , Cunanan lived without a job in the greater San Diego area . He befriended wealthy older men and spent their money . To impress acquaintances in the local gay community , he boasted about social events at clubs and often paid the check at restaurants ."}]}, {'value': '9 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hollywood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hollywood_(2020_TV_series)', 'summary': 'Hollywood is an upcoming American drama web television limited series created by Ryan Murphy and Ian Brennan , that is set to premiere May 2020 on Netflix .'}]}, {'value': 'Raymond', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Also executive producer', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Darren_Criss_1', 'intro': "Darren Everett Criss (born February 5, 1987) is an American actor, singer and songwriter. He received Emmy and Golden Globe acting awards for his leading role in The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story (2018). He has also appeared on Broadway and in film, and has released several recordings as a soloist and in a band. A founding member and co-owner of StarKid Productions, a musical theater company based in Chicago, Criss first garnered attention playing the lead role of Harry Potter in, and writing most of the music and lyrics for, StarKid's musical production of A Very Potter Musical. The theater troupe made Billboard history when their original album, Me and My Dick, became the first charting student-produced musical recording, debuting at number eleven on the Top Cast Albums chart in 2010. Criss has also starred on Broadway in How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying and Hedwig and the Angry Inch. In 2015, Criss co-founded Elsie Fest which is touted as New York City's first outdoor music festival celebrating tunes from the stage and screen. Criss is best known for his portrayal of Blaine Anderson on the Fox musical comedy-drama series Glee from 2010 until 2015. Initially appearing as the lead vocalist of Glee's Dalton Academy Warblers, Criss' first number, a cover version of Teenage Dream, became the fastest-selling Glee single, reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100, and was certified gold in the US. The Warblers have sold over 1.3 million tracks, and the soundtrack album, Glee: The Music Presents the Warblers (2011), peaked at number two on the US Billboard 200. He was nominated for an Emmy Award in 2015 for writing the song This Time for the Glee finale. In March 2017, Criss debuted his indie pop band Computer Games along with his brother Chuck Criss."}	null	null	How many creators worked on the program from 2020 ?	two
09e8939094f5db6e	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_International_Cross_Country_Championships', 'title': '1970 International Cross Country Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Athlete', 'Nationality', 'Time'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Hartnett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Hartnett_(athlete)', 'summary': "John Hartnett ( born 7 July 1950 ) is an Irish long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's 5000 metres at the 1972 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ) , also known as the Republic of Ireland ( Poblacht na hÉireann ) , is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland . The capital and largest city is Dublin , which is located on the eastern side of the island . Around a third of the country 's population of 4.9 million people resides in the greater Dublin area . The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland , a part of the United Kingdom . It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the Celtic Sea to the south , St George 's Channel to the south-east , and the Irish Sea to the east . It is a unitary , parliamentary republic . The legislature , the Oireachtas , consists of a lower house , Dáil Éireann , an upper house , Seanad Éireann , and an elected President ( Uachtarán ) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state , but with some important powers and duties . The head of government is the Taoiseach ( Prime Minister , literally 'Chief ' , a title not used in English ) , who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President ; the Taoiseach in turn appoints other government ministers . The state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty . It had the status of Dominion until 1937 when a new constitution was adopted , in which the state was named Ireland and effectively became a republic , with an elected non-executive president as head of state . It was officially declared a republic in 1949 , following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 . Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955 ."}]}, {'value': '21:57.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jack Lane', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': '22:05.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eric De Beck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eric_De_Beck', 'summary': 'Erik De Beck ( born 6 June 1951 ) is a Belgian former long-distance runner who specialised in cross country running . His greatest performance was a gold medal at the 1974 IAAF World Cross Country Championships . He shared in the team title at that event on three occasions : 1973 , 1974 and 1977 . De Beck won three national titles in his career , taking two cross country wins ( 1974 and 1976 ) and one 10,000 metres title ( 1983 ) . He totalled nine appearances at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships as well as three outings at its precursor , the International Cross Country Championships , where he was a junior medallist in 1970 . He married Joske Van Santberghe , who was also a medallist at the World Cross Country Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '22:09.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eddy Van Mullem', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '22:17.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colin Falconer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotland', 'summary': 'Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': '22:25.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jim Milton', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': '22:32.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Graham Tuck', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': '22:36.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Willy van Laer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '22:39.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aldo Tomasini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aldo_Tomasini', 'summary': 'Aldo Tomasini ( born 15 September 1952 ) is a former Italian male long-distance runner who competed at three editions of the IAAF World Cross Country Championships ( from 1973 to 1975 ) , and won three national championships at senior level ( two outdoor and one indoor .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '22:41.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Franco Fava', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franco_Fava', 'summary': 'Franco Fava ( born 3 September 1952 ) is an Italian former long-distance runner .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '22:41.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Francesco Silvestre', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '22:42', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grenville Tuck', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': '22:49', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ronald MacDonald', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotland', 'summary': 'Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': '23:00', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kamel Guemar', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Algeria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Algeria', 'summary': 'Algeria ( /ælˈdʒɪəriə/ ( listen ) al-JEER-ee-ə ) is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa . The capital and most populous city is Algiers , located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean coast . With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres ( 919,595 sq mi ) , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world , and the largest in the African Union and Arab World . With an estimated population of over 42 million , it is among the ten most populous states in Africa . Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia , to the east by Libya , to the west by Morocco , to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory , Mauritania , and Mali , to the southeast by Niger , and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea . It is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes ( counties ) . Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties , including ancient Numidians , Phoenicians , Carthaginians , Romans , Vandals , Byzantines , Umayyads , Abbasids , Idrisid , Aghlabid , Rustamid , Fatimids , Zirid , Hammadids , Almoravids , Almohads , Zayyanids , Spaniards , Ottomans and , finally , the French colonial empire . Algeria is a regional and middle power . It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the largest economies on the continent , based largely on energy exports . Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second largest in Africa , while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas . Sonatrach , the national oil company , is the largest company in Africa , supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe . Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget .'}]}, {'value': '23:06', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Franco Veronese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franco_Veronese', 'summary': 'Franco Veronese ( born 6 February 1952 ) is a former Italian male long-distance runner who competed at one edition of the IAAF World Cross Country Championships at senior level ( 1973 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '23:07', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'René Portier', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '23:08', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julien Devos', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '23:09', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pol Quemener', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '23:09', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William Burns', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotland', 'summary': 'Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': '23:10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daniel Murphy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ) , also known as the Republic of Ireland ( Poblacht na hÉireann ) , is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland . The capital and largest city is Dublin , which is located on the eastern side of the island . Around a third of the country 's population of 4.9 million people resides in the greater Dublin area . The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland , a part of the United Kingdom . It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the Celtic Sea to the south , St George 's Channel to the south-east , and the Irish Sea to the east . It is a unitary , parliamentary republic . The legislature , the Oireachtas , consists of a lower house , Dáil Éireann , an upper house , Seanad Éireann , and an elected President ( Uachtarán ) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state , but with some important powers and duties . The head of government is the Taoiseach ( Prime Minister , literally 'Chief ' , a title not used in English ) , who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President ; the Taoiseach in turn appoints other government ministers . The state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty . It had the status of Dominion until 1937 when a new constitution was adopted , in which the state was named Ireland and effectively became a republic , with an elected non-executive president as head of state . It was officially declared a republic in 1949 , following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 . Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955 ."}]}, {'value': '23:11', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': "Individual Race Results -- Junior Men 's ( 4.35 mi / 7.0 km )", 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1970_International_Cross_Country_Championships_1', 'intro': "The 1970 International Cross Country Championships was held in Vichy, France, on March 22, 1970. An alternate women's championship was held one day earlier in Frederick, Maryland, United States at the VFW Country Club, on March 21, 1970. A report on the Vichy event as well as on the Frederick event was given in the Glasgow Herald. Complete results for men, junior men, women (Vichy), women (Frederick), medallists, \n and the results of British athletes were published."}	null	null	What was the birth month of the athlete that finished with a time of 22:41.8 at the 1970 International Cross Country Championships ?	September
09e90b1287538b3d	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_European_Team_Championships_Super_League', 'title': '2013 European Team Championships Super League', 'header': ['Rank', 'Name', 'Nationality', 'Time', 'Points'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mo Farah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mo_Farah', 'summary': "Sir Mohamed Muktar Jama Farah , CBE OLY ( born 23 March 1983 ) is a British distance runner . The most successful British track athlete in modern Olympic Games history , he is the 2012 and 2016 Olympic gold medalist in both the 5000 m and 10,000 m. Farah is the second athlete in modern Olympic Games history , after Lasse Virén , to win both the 5000 m and 10,000 m titles at successive Olympic Games . He also completed the 'distance double ' at the 2013 and 2015 World Championships in Athletics . He was the second man in history , after Kenenisa Bekele , to win long-distance doubles at successive Olympics and World Championships , and the first in history to defend both distance titles in both major global competitions - a feat described as the 'quadruple-double ' . Since finishing 2nd in the 10,000 metres at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics , Farah had an unbroken streak of ten global final wins ( the 5000m in 2011 , the 10,000m in 2017 and the double in 2012 , 2013 , 2015 and 2016 ) . The streak ended in Farah 's final championship track race , when he finished second to Ethiopia 's Muktar Edris in the 2017 5000 metres final . In his final track race , the 2017 Diamond League Final in Zurich in August 2017 , Farah gained his revenge , edging out world champion Edris to win his only IAAF Diamond League title at 5000 metres . On the track , he mostly competed over 5000 metres and 10,000 metres , but has run competitively from 1500 metres to the marathon . In 2017 he indicated his intention to switch wholly to road racing following victory at his final track race , the 2017 IAAF Diamond League 5000 metres final . His running style has been described as bouncy and tactical , which he has attempted to alter for a more efficient and energy-saving stride pattern , especially in the longer distances . Farah runs distance races tactically , a style which is aided by his quick sprint finish . Born in Mogadishu , Somalia , to an Isaaq Somali family from Gabiley , Somaliland , Farah went on to be based in London and ran for Newham and Essex Beagles athletics club , training at St Mary 's University College , Twickenham from 2001 to 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Great Britain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '14:10.00', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bouabdellah Tahri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bouabdellah_Tahri', 'summary': "Bouabdallah Bob Tahri ( born 20 December 1978 in Metz ) is a retired middle-distance and long-distance runner of Algerian descent , competing internationally for France . He competes mainly in the 3000 m steeplechase distance . He also competes in the 2000 m steeplechase , 1500 m , mile , 3000 m , 5000 m , 10000 m and cross-country running . He has won several medals at major international championships such as the World Championships , European Championships and the European Indoor Championships . Moreover , he has won medals in the European Cup , European Team Championships , IAAF World Cup , IAAF Continental Cup and the IAAF World Athletics Final . In June 2009 , Tahri improved his 2000 m outdoor steeplechase European record with a run of 5:15.36 in Nancy , France . He set a new 3000 m outdoor steeplechase European record of 8:01.18 in finishing third in the final of the 2009 World Championships in Berlin . On 25 June 2010 , Tahri set a new world record time of 5:13.47 in the 2000m outdoor steeplechase race in Tomblaine , France . The previous world record time of 5:14.43 was set on 21 Aug 1990 by Julius Kariuki . But Tahri 's 2000m outdoor steeplechase world record was broken only 5 days later by his compatriot Mahiedine Mekhissi-Benabbad . On 29 June 2010 , Tahri won the 3000m outdoor steeplechase race in Metz in the world 's fastest time ( 8:03.72 ) of the year . He retired after running 3000 meters at the 2016 IAAF Diamond League meeting in Paris ."}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '14:12.91', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kemal Koyuncu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kemal_Koyuncu', 'summary': 'Kemal Koyuncu ( born January 25 , 1985 in Inegöl , Bursa Province ) is a Turkish middle and long-distance runner . He is a member of Fenerbahçe Athletics club in Istanbul .'}]}, {'value': 'Turkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turkey', 'summary': "Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye [ ˈtyɾcije ] ) , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti ] ( listen ) ) , is a transcontinental country located mostly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe . East Thrace , the part of Turkey in Europe , is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara , the Bosporus and the Dardanelles ( collectively called the Turkish Straits ) . Istanbul , mostly located on the European side , is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital . Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest , the Black Sea to its north , Georgia to its northeast , Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to its east , Iraq and Syria to its southeast , the Mediterranean Sea to its south , and the Aegean Sea to its west . Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country 's citizens identify as Turkish , while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population . At various points in its history , the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians , and Armenians . Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the start and foundation of Turkey . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks . Beginning in the late 13th century , the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans . After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I . During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa and became a world power ."}]}, {'value': '14:14.18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mykola Labovskyy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mykola_Labovskyy', 'summary': 'Mykola Labovskyy ( born May 4 , 1983 ) is a Ukrainian middle distance runner .'}]}, {'value': 'Ukraine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ukraine', 'summary': "Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Україна , romanized : Ukrayina , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Russia to the north-east ; Belarus to the north ; Poland , Slovakia and Hungary to the west ; and Romania , Moldova , and the Black Sea to the south . Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula , which Russia annexed in 2014 . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 ( 233,062 sq mi ) , making it both the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . Excluding Crimea , Ukraine has a population of about 42 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Its capital and largest city is Kiev . Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic . The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy . The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC . During the Middle Ages , the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture , with the powerful state of Kievan Rus ' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity . Following its fragmentation in the 13th century , the territory was contested , ruled and divided by a variety of powers , including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Austria-Hungary , the Ottoman Empire and Russia . A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries , but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire ."}]}, {'value': '14:14.50', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Łukasz Parszczyński', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Łukasz_Parszczyński', 'summary': 'Łukasz Parszczyński ( born 4 May 1985 in Warsaw ) is a Polish runner . He competed in the 3000 m steeplechase event at the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Poland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poland', 'summary': "Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 ."}]}, {'value': '14:14.68', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arne Gabius', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arne_Gabius', 'summary': "Arne Gabius ( born 22 March 1981 in Hamburg ) is a German long distance runner . He is the current men 's German national record holder in the marathon with his time of 2 hours 08 minutes and 33 seconds ."}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '14:14.91', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stefano La Rosa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stefano_La_Rosa', 'summary': 'Stefano La Rosa ( born 28 September 1985 in Grosseto ) is an Italian long distance runner . He is a five-time Italian champion ( twice over 10,000 metres and three times over 5000 metres ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '14:15.51', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alemayehu Bezabeh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alemayehu_Bezabeh', 'summary': 'Alemayehu Bezabeh Desta ( Amharic : አለማየሁ በዛበህ ደስታ ; born c. 1986 ) is an Ethiopian-born athlete who represents Spain internationally . He competes in middle- and long-distance running on the track , and also in cross country . His brother , Sisay Bezabeh , is also a professional runner and represents Australia internationally . In December 2010 Alemayehu Bezabeh was arrested as part of Operation Galgo , an investigation by the Spanish Guardia Civil into an alleged doping ring among athletes in Spain , having been caught red-handed carrying a bag of his own blood for a blood transfusion .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '14:17.72', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Evgeny Rybakov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Evgeny_Rybakov', 'summary': 'Yevgeny Rybakov ( Russian : Евгений Николаевич Рыбаков ; born 27 February 1985 ) is a Russian long-distance runner who competes in the long-distance track and road events . His twin brother , Anatoly , is also a long-distance runner .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '14:19.72', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Siarhei Platonau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Siarhei_Platonau', 'summary': 'Siarhei Platonau ( Belarusian : Сяргей Платонаў ; born December 12 , 1990 ) is a Belarusian long distance runner .'}]}, {'value': 'Belarus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belarus', 'summary': "Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR ."}]}, {'value': '14:25.82', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asbjørn Ellefsen Persen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norway', 'summary': "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ."}]}, {'value': '14:30.28', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dimos Maggínas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dimosthenis_Magginas', 'summary': 'Dimosthenis -or Dimos- Magginas is a Greek middle-distance and long-distance runner . He was born on the 25th of June 1982 in Alexandroupoli and resides in Athens . Since December 2016 he competes for A.O . Mykonos . He is a 3 times Panhellenic champion in 5000 metres , 7 times Panhellenic champion in 10000metres and has won 5 times the first place for the 10000 meters cross country individual competition .'}]}, {'value': 'Greece', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greece', 'summary': "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ."}]}, {'value': '15:34.74', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Men -- 5000 metres', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2013_European_Team_Championships_Super_League_6', 'intro': 'These are the complete results of the 2013 European Team Championships Super League on 22 and 23 June 2013 in Gateshead, Great Britain. As with the previous championships there were a couple of rules applying specifically to this competition, such as the limit of three attempts in the throwing events, long jump and triple jump (only the top four were allowed the fourth attempt) and the limit of four misses total in the high jump and pole vault.'}	null	null	What is the fastest the person who ran five kilometers in 14:12.91 at the Super League European Team Championships of 2013 has finished 2 kilometers ?	5:13.47
09e9b6123e03932e	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom', 'title': 'List of radio stations in the United Kingdom', 'header': ['Name', 'Licence area', 'Analogue frequencies', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Chelmsford Calling', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chelmsford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chelmsford', 'summary': "Chelmsford ( /ˈtʃɛlmzfərd/ ) is an English city and the main area of the City of Chelmsford district , and the county town of Essex , in the East of England . It is located in the London commuter belt , approximately 30 miles ( 48 km ) northeast of the notional centre of London at Charing Cross and approximately 22 miles ( 35 km ) from Colchester . The urban area of the city has a population of approximately 112,000 , whilst the district has a population of 168,310 . The main conurbation of Chelmsford incorporates all or part of the former parishes of Broomfield , Great Baddow , Galleywood , Writtle , Moulsham , Widford , and Springfield , including Springfield Barnes , now known as Chelmer Village . The communities of Chelmsford , Massachusetts , Chelmsford , Ontario and Chelmsford , New Brunswick , are named after the city . Chelmsford 's population consists of a large number of City and Docklands commuters , attracted by the 30-35 minute journey into Central London via the Great Eastern Main Line railway . The same journey takes approximately 60 minutes by road via the A12 . On 14 March 2012 , Lord President of the Privy Council and Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg announced that Chelmsford was to be granted city status to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II . The Letters Patent officially granting city status to Chelmsford were received on 6 June 2012 . The demonym for a Chelmsford resident is Chelmsfordian ."}]}, {'value': '104.4 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed Feb 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sound Radio', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hackney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hackney', 'summary': 'The London Borough of Hackney ( /ˈhækni/ ( listen ) HAK-nee ) is a London borough in Inner London . The historical and administrative heart of Hackney is Mare Street , which lies 5 miles ( 8 km ) north-east of Charing Cross . The borough is named after Hackney , its principal district . Southern and eastern parts of the borough are popularly regarded as being part of east London , with the northwest belonging to north London . The London Plan issued by the Greater London Authority assigns whole boroughs to sub-regions for statutory monitoring , engagement and resource allocation purposes . The most recent ( 2011 ) iteration of this plan assigns Hackney to the East sub-region , while the 2008 and 2004 versions assigned the borough to North and East sub-regions respectively . The modern borough was formed 1965 by the merger of the Metropolitan Borough of Hackney with the much smaller Metropolitan Boroughs of Stoke Newington and Shoreditch . Hackney is bounded by Islington to the west , Haringey to the north , Waltham Forest to the north-east , Newham to the east , Tower Hamlets to the south-east and the City of London to the south-west . Hackney was one of the host boroughs of the London Olympics in 2012 , with several of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park venues falling within its boundaries .'}]}, {'value': '1503 AM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed June 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TGR Sound', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bexleyheath', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bexleyheath', 'summary': 'Bexleyheath is a town in the London Borough of Bexley in Greater London , England with a population of 31,929 . It is 12 miles ( 19.3 km ) south-east of Charing Cross , and is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London .'}]}, {'value': '103.7 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed 22 Jun 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vibe FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Enniskillen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Enniskillen', 'summary': "Enniskillen ( /ˌɛnɪsˈkɪlən/ , from Irish Inis Ceithleann [ ˈɪnʲɪʃ ˈcɛlʲən̪ˠ ] , meaning 'Ceithlenn 's island ' ) is a town and civil parish in County Fermanagh , Northern Ireland . It is located almost exactly in the centre of the county , between the Upper and Lower sections of Lough Erne . It had a population of 13,823 at the 2011 Census . It was the seat of local government for the former Fermanagh District Council , and is the county town of Fermanagh as well as its largest town ."}]}, {'value': '105.3 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed October 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Forest of Dean Radio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forest_of_Dean_Radio', 'summary': 'Forest of Dean Radio was a community radio station in Gloucestershire . It was established in 1995 and started with a 3-day broadcast to coincide with the Cinderford Carnival . It broadcast around the whole of the Forest of Dean Area from its main studio in Cinderford .'}]}, {'value': 'Cinderford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cinderford', 'summary': "Cinderford is a small town and civil parish on the eastern fringe of the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire , England , which had a population of 8,494 at the 2011 census . The town came into existence in the 19th century , following the rapid expansion of Cinderford Ironworks and the Forest of Dean Coalfield . Cinderford 's origins can be seen in the style and layout of the town , with long rows of identical terraced housing similar to those found in the mining villages of the South Wales Valleys . The decline of the coal industry in the 1950s and 1960s affected Cinderford as most of the male population was employed in mining ."}]}, {'value': '1521 AM , 1503 Newent', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed 31 Dec 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Link FM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Link_FM', 'summary': 'Link FM was a community radio station operating in Havering , east London on 92.2 FM . Its first broadcast was in 1992 , with the station going on air for a couple of weeks . Every summer since then Link FM has repeated this format of short-term broadcasts . In the summer of 2005 there was no broadcast with the station deciding to go on air at Christmas instead . In 2006 it was announced that after 10 years of short-term broadcasts that Link FM had been awarded a full-time community radio licence , with the station opening permanently in April 2007 . However due to lack of funding the station closed down in June 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Harold Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harold_Hill', 'summary': 'Harold Hill is a suburban area in Romford in East London , England , 16.6 miles ( 26.7 km ) northeast of Charing Cross , which is identified as a district centre in the London Plan . The name refers to Harold Godwinson who held the manor of Havering-atte-Bower . It is peripheral to London , forming an eastern edge of the urban sprawl . The extensive London County Council housing development of Harold Hill was conceived in the Greater London Plan of 1944 in order to alleviate housing shortages in Inner London . Before construction of the estate , which was completed in 1958 , it was the location of Dagnam Park house and grounds , and in the Municipal Borough of Romford and the county of Essex , but was transferred to Greater London in 1965 . The first Greater London Council tenant to buy their council house did so here in 1967 . The area is part of a long-term regeneration project led by Havering London Borough Council .'}]}, {'value': '92.2 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed : 28 Jun 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Féile FM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Féile_FM', 'summary': "Féile FM was a community radio station based at Conway Mill in the Gaeltacht Quarter in west Belfast . The station first broadcast in July 1996 on a 28-day restricted service licence , operating as an outlet for the west Belfast community . Within two years , Féile FM began broadcasting for two four-week periods each year , providing a buildup to Féile an Phobail 's Draíocht Children 's Arts Festival , their West Belfast Festival and the St Patrick 's Day events . The station was operated under the banner of Féile an Phobail by a radio co-ordinator and a large number of volunteers from the local community . Volunteers were involved in many aspects of the station from hospitality , telephones , news team , production , presenters and even managers ."}]}, {'value': 'Belfast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belfast', 'summary': "Belfast ( /ˈbɛlfɑːst/ BEL-fahst ; from Irish : Béal Feirste , meaning mouth of the sand-bank ford , Irish pronunciation : [ bʲeːlˠ ˈfʲɛɾˠ ( ə ) ʃtʲə ] ) is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland , standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast of Northern Ireland . It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdom and the second-largest on the island of Ireland . It had a population of 333,871 as of 2015 [ update ] . Belfast suffered greatly in the Troubles : in the 1970s and 1980s it was reported to be one of the world 's most dangerous cities , with a homicide rate around 31 per 100,000 . By the early 19th century , Belfast became a major port . It played a key role in the Industrial Revolution , becoming the biggest linen-producer in the world , earning it the nickname Linenopolis . By the time it was granted city status in 1888 , it was a major centre of Irish linen production , tobacco-processing and rope-making . Shipbuilding was also a key industry ; the Harland and Wolff shipyard , which built the RMS Titanic , was the world 's biggest shipyard . Belfast as of 2019 [ update ] has a major aerospace and missiles industry . Industrialisation , and the inward migration it brought , made Belfast Northern Ireland 's biggest city and it became the capital of Northern Ireland following the Partition of Ireland in 1922 . Its status as a global industrial centre ended in the decades after the Second World War of 1939-1945 . Belfast is still a major port , with commercial and industrial docks , including the Harland and Wolff shipyard , dominating the Belfast Lough shoreline ."}]}, {'value': '103.2 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed 25 March 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boundary Sound', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Newark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Newark-on-Trent', 'summary': 'Newark-on-Trent or Newark ( /ˈnjuːərk/ ) is a market town and civil parish in the Newark and Sherwood district of the county of Nottinghamshire , in the East Midlands of England . It stands on the River Trent , the A1 - on the route of the ancient Great North Road - and the East Coast Main Line railway . The origins of the town are possibly Roman , as it lies on an important Roman road , the Fosse Way . The town grew around Newark Castle , now ruined , and a large market place , now lined with historic buildings . It was a centre for the wool and cloth trades . In the English Civil War , it was besieged by Parliamentary forces and relieved by Royalist forces under Prince Rupert .'}]}, {'value': '102.6 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed 23 June 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Voice Radio', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caerphilly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caerphilly', 'summary': 'Caerphilly ( /kaɪərˈfɪli/ ; Welsh : Caerffili , Welsh pronunciation : [ ˌkɑːɨrˈfɪlɪ ] ) is a town and community in South Wales , at the southern end of the Rhymney Valley . It is the largest town in Caerphilly County Borough , within the historic borders of Glamorgan , on the border with Monmouthshire . At the 2011 Census , the town had a population of 41,402 while the wider Caerphilly Local Authority area has a population of 178,806 . It is a commuter town for Cardiff and Newport , 7.5 miles ( 12 km ) and 12 miles ( 19 km ) away respectively , and is separated from the Cardiff suburbs of Lisvane and Rhiwbina by Caerphilly mountain . The town is perhaps best known outside of Wales for Caerphilly cheese .'}]}, {'value': 'DAB 11C ( Cardiff and Newport )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed 20 July 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wayland Radio', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wayland , Norfolk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wayland,_Norfolk', 'summary': 'Wayland is an area in the district of Breckland within the English county of Norfolk . It is situated approximately 20 miles west of Norwich . The area is a historic Hundred , and was originally called Wanelunt , or Waneland . It centres on the town of Watton , and encompasses the villages of Ashill , Carbrooke , Caston , Great Cressingham , Great Hockham , Griston , Little Cressingham with Threxton , Merton , Ovington , Saham Toney , Scoulton , Stow Bedon with Breckles , and Thompson The area is crossed by Peddars Way , a 46-mile footpath that follows the route of a Roman road , and is the location of Wayland Wood , famed as the setting for the Babes in the Wood legend . Wayland has a local newspaper and many local businesses . The Chamber of Commerce also maintains an information directory of local organisations contact details .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Norfolk', 'summary': "Norfolk ( /ˈnɔːrfək/ ) is a county in East Anglia in England . It borders Lincolnshire to the northwest , Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest , and Suffolk to the south . Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea and to the north-west , The Wash . The county town is Norwich . With an area of 2,074 square miles ( 5,370 km2 ) and a population of 859,400 , Norfolk is a largely rural county with a population density of 401 per square mile ( 155 per km2 ) . Of the county 's population , 40% live in four major built up areas : Norwich ( 213,000 ) , Great Yarmouth ( 63,000 ) , King 's Lynn ( 46,000 ) and Thetford ( 25,000 ) . The Broads is a network of rivers and lakes in the east of the county , extending south into Suffolk . The area is not a national park although it is marketed as such . It has similar status to a national park , and is protected by the Broads Authority ."}]}, {'value': '107.3 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed 27 August 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burngreave Community Radio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burngreave_Community_Radio', 'summary': "Burngreave Community Radio , also known as BCR103.1FM or simply BCR is a community radio station based in Burngreave , Sheffield , England . The pre-decessor of BCR was Pure Community Music ( PCM ) broadcast around March-April 2001 on medium wave ( 1413AM kHz , through a Restricted Service Licence ( RSL ) broadcast . BCR is Sheffield 's newest major radio station , and can be accessed in the local area on 103.1FM or by streaming over the web . BCR plays a wide range of music , and also hosts news , sports , Breakfast shows , talkshows and religious programmes , and has shows in English , Arabic , Urdu and Kurdish . BCR has over 80 presenters , and 440 members and volunteers who help run the station . BCR is also active in the local community , going to events , advertising local shops and businesses , and working in close partnership with schools and charities . Burngreave Community Radio Limited was incorporated on 21 September 2007 and dissolved on 11 January 2011 . Burngreave Community Radio ( BCR ) stopped broadcasting on 103.1FM in September 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Burngreave , Sheffield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burngreave', 'summary': 'Burngreave is an inner city district of Sheffield , South Yorkshire , England lying north of the city centre . The population of the ward taken at the 2011 census was 27,481 . It started to develop in the second half of the 19th century . Prior to this , this area was mostly covered by Burnt Greave wood . Most of the area of the wood is covered by Burngreave Cemetery which was built in 1860 ( consecrated 1861 ) and extended in the early 1900s . Grimesthorpe Lane , which runs through Burngreave , is a very old road that follows the course of the Roman Rig , a man-made defensive ridge - probably built by the Celtic Brigantes tribe - that used to run from near the Wicker to Mexborough .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sheffield', 'summary': "Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire , England . Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , its name derives from the River Sheaf , which runs through the city . With some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire , the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base . The population of the City of Sheffield is 582,506 ( mid-2018 est . ) and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the Core Cities Group . Sheffield is the third-largest English district by population . The metropolitan population of Sheffield is 1,569,000 . The city is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines , and the valleys of the River Don and its four tributaries , the Loxley , the Porter Brook , the Rivelin and the Sheaf . Sixty-one per cent of Sheffield 's entire area is green space , and a third of the city lies within the Peak District national park . There are more than 250 parks , woodlands and gardens in the city , which is estimated to contain around 4.5 million trees . Sheffield played a crucial role in the Industrial Revolution , with many significant inventions and technologies developed in the city . In the 19th century , the city saw a huge expansion of its traditional cutlery trade , when stainless steel and crucible steel were developed locally , fuelling an almost tenfold increase in the population ."}]}, {'value': '103.1 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed : September 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Radio Sandwell', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sandwell , West Midlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sandwell', 'summary': 'Sandwell is a metropolitan borough of the West Midlands county in England . The borough is named after the Sandwell Priory , and spans a densely populated part of the West Midlands conurbation . According to Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council , the borough comprises the six amalgamated towns of Oldbury , Rowley Regis , Smethwick , Tipton , Wednesbury , and West Bromwich , although these places consist of numerous smaller settlements and localities . Though West Bromwich is the largest town in the borough and its designated Strategic Town Centre , Sandwell Council House ( the headquarters of the local authority ) is situated in Oldbury . Bordering Sandwell is the City of Birmingham to the east , the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley to the south and west , the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall to the north , and the City of Wolverhampton to the north-west . Spanning the borough are the parliamentary constituencies of West Bromwich West , West Bromwich East , Warley , and part of Halesowen and Rowley Regis , which crosses into the Dudley borough . At the 2011 census , the borough had a population of 309,000 and an area of 86 square kilometres ( 33 sq mi ) .'}]}, {'value': '106.9 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed : November 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'XS ( formerly Afan FM )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Afan_FM', 'summary': 'XS ( formerly Afan FM ) was a community radio station serving the Neath Port Talbot county borough . The station was owned and operated by Neath Port Talbot Broadcasting CIC and aired a mix of dance & alternative music and local information , targeted at 11-25 year olds . The station was based at studios in the Water Street Business Centre in Port Talbot .'}]}, {'value': 'Neath and Port Talbot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neath', 'summary': 'Neath ( /niːθ/ ; Welsh : Castell-nedd ) is a town and community situated in the principal area of Neath Port Talbot , Wales with a population of 19,258 in 2011 . The wider urban area , which includes neighbouring settlements , had a population of 50,658 in 2011 . Historically in Glamorgan , the town is located on the river of the same name , 7 miles ( 11 km ) east northeast of Swansea .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Port_Talbot', 'summary': 'Port Talbot ( /ˌpɔːrt ˈtɔːlbət/ , UK also /pɔːr- , pə- , -ˈtælbət , -ˈtɒlbət/ ) is a town and community in the county borough of Neath Port Talbot , Wales . It is 7 miles ( 11 km ) to the east of Swansea across the Swansea Bay , with a population , in 2011 , was 37,276 . It is best known for Port Talbot Steelworks , one of the biggest in the world . The steelworks has for many years been under threat of closure .'}]}, {'value': '107.9 FM ( Port Talbot ) , 97.4 ( Neath )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed 13 December 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cheshire FM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cheshire_FM', 'summary': 'Cheshire FM was a community radio station serving the towns of Northwich , Middlewich and Winsford in the English county of Cheshire , and broadcast on 92.5 FM from its studios in Winsford .'}]}, {'value': 'Mid Cheshire', 'urls': []}, {'value': '92.5 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed 27 January 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rossendale Radio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rossendale_Radio', 'summary': '104.7 Rossendale Radio is a community radio station in the north west of England , broadcasting on 104.7FM to Haslingden , Rawtenstall , Ramsbottom and surrounding areas and online at www.rossendaleradio.com .'}]}, {'value': 'Haslingden and Rawtenstall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haslingden', 'summary': "Haslingden /ˈhæzlɪŋdən/ is a town in Rossendale , Lancashire , England . It is 19 miles ( 31 km ) north of Manchester . The name means 'valley of the hazels ' or 'valley growing with hazels ' . At the time of the 2011 census the town ( including Helmshore ) had a population of 15,969 . The town is surrounded by high moorland ; 370m ( 1215ft ) to the north ; 396m ( 1300ft ) Cribden to the east ; 418m ( 1372ft ) Bull Hill to the south . Haslingden is the birthplace of the industrialist John Cockerill ( 1790-1840 ) and the composer Alan Rawsthorne ( 1905-1971 ) , and was the home for many years of the Irish Republican leader , Michael Davitt ( 1846-1906 ) . Haslingden Cricket Club is a member of the Lancashire League ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rawtenstall', 'summary': 'Rawtenstall ( /ˈrɒtənstɔːl/ ) is a town at the centre of the Rossendale Valley in Lancashire , England , with a population of 22,000 . It is the seat for the borough of Rossendale , in which it is located . The town lies 17.4 miles north of Manchester , 22 miles east of Preston and 45 miles south east of the county town of Lancaster . Nearby towns include Bacup , Haslingden and Ramsbottom .'}]}, {'value': '104.7 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed 5 March 2012 ( returned on air in December 2018 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diversity FM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diversity_FM', 'summary': "Diversity FM was a community radio station based in Lancaster , north Lancashire , which covered the Lancaster and Morecambe district . It broadcast a mixture of live and pre-recorded shows and music 24/7 on 103.5FM and via the Internet . It launched at 11am on 9 October 2007 with the first song ' I 'm on my Way ' from the musical 'Paint Your Wagon ' . At the start of September 2011 Diversity FM launched a new website and started to play announcements on air that a change was happening on 3 October 2011 ahead of a brief re-brand and relaunch before its eventual closure . In early March it was reported that Diversity FM was to close down at the end of the month due to problems with funding . At midnight on 31 March 2012 , Diversity FM was to cease its live broadcasting . The presenters ( a large group of the volunteers involved with the station at the time and some previous members ) were unable to decide what to play as the last 'official ' song and the broadcast was extended due the presenters not wanting to end . Eventually , the last song was chosen and played at twenty nine minutes past midnight ( 00:29 ) on 1 April 2012 , the song 'September ' by Earth Wind and Fire marked the end of the station 's live broadcasting and the station went into automation ( or 'Non-Stop Diversity ' as it was branded ) . On 27 April 2012 the transmitter was turned off . The last song ( which just happened to be ' I Try ' by Macy Gray ) was followed by the last piece of audio heard on 103.5FM : a clip of Edmund Blackadder and Queen Elizabeth from the popular TV show 'Blackadder ' reciting the end of a ransom note that read hope you 're not too miffed . byeeeeee . This was followed by the last post and a final jingle ."}]}, {'value': 'Lancaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lancaster,_Lancashire', 'summary': 'Lancaster ( /ˈlæŋkəstər/ , /ˈlænkæs-/ ) the county town of Lancashire , England , is on the River Lune and has a population of 52,234 . The wider City of Lancaster local government district has a population of 138,375 . The House of Lancaster was a branch of the English royal family , whilst the Duchy of Lancaster holds large estates on behalf of Elizabeth II , who is also the Duke of Lancaster . It is an ancient settlement , dominated by Lancaster Castle , Lancaster Priory Church and the Ashton Memorial . It is home to Lancaster University and a campus of the University of Cumbria .'}]}, {'value': '103.5 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed 31 March 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lymington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lymington', 'summary': 'Lymington /ˈlɪmɪŋtən/ is a port town on the west bank of the Lymington River on the Solent , in the New Forest district of Hampshire , England . It faces Yarmouth , Isle of Wight , to which there is a car ferry service operated by Wightlink . It is within the civil parish of Lymington and Pennington . The town has a large tourist industry , based on proximity to the New Forest and its harbour . It is a major yachting centre with three marinas . As of 2015 , the parish of Lymington and Pennington had a population of 15,726 .'}]}, {'value': '97.9 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed 8 June 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ON FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hammersmith , London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hammersmith', 'summary': "Hammersmith is a district of west London , England , located 4.3 miles ( 6.9 km ) west-southwest of Charing Cross . It is the administrative centre of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham , and identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London . It is bordered by Shepherd 's Bush to the north , Kensington to the east , Chiswick to the west , and Fulham to the south , with which it forms part of the north bank of the River Thames . It is linked by Hammersmith Bridge to Barnes in the southwest . The area is one of west London 's main commercial and employment centres , and has for some decades been a major centre of London 's Polish community . It is a major transport hub for west London , with two London Underground stations and a bus station at Hammersmith Broadway ."}, {'url': '/wiki/London', 'summary': "London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city ."}]}, {'value': '101.4 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed January 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'OX105 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oxford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oxford', 'summary': "Oxford ( /ˈɒksfəd/ OKS-fəd ) is a university city in Oxfordshire , England , with a population of 155,000 . It is 56 miles ( 90 km ) northwest of London , 64 miles ( 103 km ) from Birmingham and 24 miles ( 39 km ) from Reading by road . The city is home to the University of Oxford , the oldest in the English-speaking world , and has buildings in every style of English architecture from late Anglo-Saxon . Oxford 's industries include motor manufacturing , education , publishing , information technology and science ."}]}, {'value': '105.1 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed 2 October 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stroud FM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stroud_FM', 'summary': "Stroud FM was a community radio station based in Stroud , Gloucestershire which broadcast from March 2008 to February 2014 on 107.9 FM and online via its website . It was launched on 24 March 2008 although had produced live radio covering the Stroud Fringe Festival many years before . The station runs as a 'not-for profit organisation ' and also provides training for IT courses and radio production . In March 2009 , the station marked one year of being on the airwaves . And then in March 2010 , then Labour MP David Drew officially opened a new second studio at the station . In June 2011 , the station launched a 'listen again ' podcast service . A couple of months later however in September 2011 , the station announced it was close to closure because of financial issues . As soon as the news became known the people of the Stroud area rallied to support the station with donations , sponsored swims , cake baking , bucket collections at the local Forest Green Rovers football ground , benefit gigs etc . The result was that Stroud FM won a reprieve and a breathing space in which to tackle the situation . Plans were formed at the start of 2013 to increase the broadcasting range of the station by developing a new location for a transmitter . On 12 February 2014 , it was announced by their newly elected board that the station can no longer broadcast due to a lack of funding . This was the notice : Stroud FM Closing Announcement StroudFM , the local community radio station run by volunteers for the past ten years , is to close ."}]}, {'value': 'Stroud', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stroud', 'summary': "Stroud is a market town and civil parish in the centre of Gloucestershire , England . It is the main town in Stroud District . Situated below the western escarpment of the Cotswold Hills at the meeting point of the Five Valleys , the town is noted for its steep streets , independent spirit and cafe culture . The Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty surrounds the town , and the Cotswold Way path passes by it to the west . It lies 10 miles ( 16 km ) south of the city of Gloucester , 14 miles ( 23 km ) south-southwest of Cheltenham , 13 miles ( 21 km ) west-northwest of Cirencester and 26 miles ( 42 km ) northeast of the city of Bristol . London is 91 miles ( 146 km ) east-southeast of Stroud and the Welsh border at Whitebrook , Monmouthshire , lies 19 miles ( 31 km ) to the west as the crow flies . Although not part of the town 's parish , the civil parishes of Rodborough and Cainscross are contiguous with Stroud and are generally considered as suburbs . Stroud acts as a centre for surrounding villages and small market towns including Amberley , Bisley , Bussage , Chalford , Dursley , Eastcombe , Eastington , King 's Stanley , Leonard Stanley , Minchinhampton , Nailsworth , Oakridge , Painswick , Randwick , Selsley , Sheepscombe , Slad , Stonehouse , Brimscombe & Thrupp and Woodchester ."}]}, {'value': '107.9 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Closed 12 February 2014', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Former community radio stations', 'section_text': 'The followed stations have closed down and returned their licences to Ofcom', 'uid': 'List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom_16', 'intro': 'This is a list of radio stations in the United Kingdom.'}	null	null	What frequency did the community radio station serving the towns of Northwich , Middlewich and Winsford broadcast on ?	92.5 FM
09ed1f524b870c5d	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016', 'title': 'UEFA Euro 2016', 'header': ['Country', 'Referee', 'Assistant referees', 'Additional assistant referees', 'Matches assigned'], 'data': [{'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Football_Association', 'summary': "The Football Association ( FA ) is the governing body of association football in England and the Crown dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey , and the Isle of Man . Formed in 1863 , it is the oldest football association in the world and is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the amateur and professional game in its territory . The FA sanctions all competitive football matches within its remit at national level , and indirectly at local level through the county football associations . It runs numerous competitions , the most famous of which is the FA Cup . It is also responsible for appointing the management of the men 's , women 's , and youth national football teams . The FA is a member of both UEFA and FIFA and holds a permanent seat on the International Football Association Board ( IFAB ) which is responsible for the Laws of the Game . As the first football association , it does not use the national name English in its title . The FA is based at Wembley Stadium , London . The FA is a member of the British Olympic Association , meaning that the FA has control over the men 's and women 's Great Britain Olympic football team . All of England 's professional football teams are members of the Football Association . Although it does not run the day-to-day operations of the Premier League , it has veto power over the appointment of the League Chairman and Chief Executive and over any changes to league rules . The English Football League , made up of the three fully professional divisions below the Premier League , is self-governing , subject to the FA 's sanctions ."}]}, {'value': 'Martin Atkinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Atkinson', 'summary': 'Martin Atkinson ( born 31 March 1971 ) is an English professional football referee who officiates primarily in the Premier League and also for FIFA . He is a member of the West Riding County Football Association . Atkinson made his first appearance as an official in the Football League as an assistant referee in 1995 . Since he was promoted to the list of Select Group Referees in 2005 he has refereed a number of notable matches , including the FA Community Shield and the finals of the FA Trophy , Football League Cup , FA Cup and UEFA Europa League .'}]}, {'value': 'Michael Mullarkey Stephen Child Gary Beswick ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Oliver Craig Pawson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Oliver_(referee)', 'summary': 'Michael Oliver ( born 20 February 1985 ) is an English professional football referee from Ashington , Northumberland . His county FA is the Northumberland Football Association . He belongs to the Select Group of Referees in England and officiates primarily in the Premier League . He received his FIFA badge in 2012 , allowing him to officiate in major international matches . Oliver was appointed to take charge of the final of the 2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup . Oliver was promoted to the UEFA Elite Group of Referees in 2018 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Craig_Pawson', 'summary': 'Craig Pawson ( born 2 March 1979 ) is an English professional football referee who officiates primarily in the Premier League , having been promoted to the panel of Select Group Referees in 2013 , as well as in the Football League . He is based in South Yorkshire and is associated with the Sheffield & Hallamshire County Football Association .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany-Ukraine ( Group C ) Hungary-Portugal ( Group F ) Wales-Northern Ireland ( Round of 16 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_C', 'summary': 'Group C of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Germany , Ukraine , Poland and Northern Ireland . Germany was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship three times ( in 1972 and 1980 as West Germany and in 1996 as unified Germany ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_C', 'summary': 'Group C of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Germany , Ukraine , Poland and Northern Ireland . Germany was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship three times ( in 1972 and 1980 as West Germany and in 1996 as unified Germany ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_F', 'summary': "Group F of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Portugal , Iceland , Austria , and Hungary . It is Iceland 's first appearance at the finals . Matches were played from 14 to 22 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_F', 'summary': "Group F of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Portugal , Iceland , Austria , and Hungary . It is Iceland 's first appearance at the finals . Matches were played from 14 to 22 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_Football_Association', 'summary': "The German Football Association ( German : Deutscher Fußball-Bund [ ˈdɔʏ̯t͡ʃɐ ˈfuːsbalbʊnt ] ; DFB [ deːʔɛfˈbeː ] ) is the governing body of football in Germany . A founding member of both FIFA and UEFA , the DFB has jurisdiction for the German football league system and is in charge of the men 's and women 's national teams . The DFB headquarters are in Frankfurt am Main . Sole members of the DFB are the German Football League ( German : Deutsche Fußball Liga ; DFL ) , organising the professional Bundesliga and the 2 . Bundesliga , along with five regional and 21 state associations , organising the semi-professional and amateur levels . The 21 state associations of the DFB have a combined number of more than 25,000 clubs with more than 6.8 million members , making the DFB the single largest sports federation in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Felix Brych', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Felix_Brych', 'summary': 'Felix Brych ( born 3 August 1975 ) is a German football referee . He referees for SV Am Hart München of the Bavarian Football Association . He is a FIFA referee , and is ranked as a UEFA elite category referee .'}]}, {'value': 'Mark Borsch Stefan Lupp Marco Achmüller ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bastian Dankert Marco Fritz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bastian_Dankert', 'summary': 'Bastian Dankert ( born 9 June 1980 ) is a German football referee who is based in Rostock . He referees for Brüsewitzer SV of the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern State Football Association . He is a FIFA referee , and is ranked as a UEFA second category referee .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marco_Fritz', 'summary': 'Marco Fritz ( born 3 October 1977 ) is a German football referee who is based in Korb . He referees for SV Breuningsweiler of the Württemberg Football Association . He is a FIFA referee , and is ranked as a UEFA second category referee .'}]}, {'value': 'England-Wales ( Group B ) Sweden-Belgium ( Group E ) Poland-Portugal ( Quarter-finals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_B', 'summary': "Group B of UEFA Euro 2016 contained England , Russia , Wales and Slovakia . Within this group only Russia was a former European champion , having won as the Soviet Union in 1960 . This was Wales ' and Slovakia 's first appearance at the European Championship . Matches were played from 11 to 20 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_B', 'summary': "Group B of UEFA Euro 2016 contained England , Russia , Wales and Slovakia . Within this group only Russia was a former European champion , having won as the Soviet Union in 1960 . This was Wales ' and Slovakia 's first appearance at the European Championship . Matches were played from 11 to 20 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Belgium , Italy , Republic of Ireland and Sweden . Italy was the only former European champion in this group , having won in 1968 . Matches were played from 13 to 22 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Belgium , Italy , Republic of Ireland and Sweden . Italy was the only former European champion in this group , having won in 1968 . Matches were played from 13 to 22 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}]}, {'value': 'Turkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turkish_Football_Federation', 'summary': 'The Turkish Football Federation ( Turkish : Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu ; TFF ) is the governing body of association football in Turkey . It was formed on 23 April 1923 , and joined FIFA the same year and UEFA in 1962 . It organizes the Turkish national teams , the Turkish Football League and the Turkish Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Cüneyt Çakır', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cüneyt_Çakır', 'summary': 'Cüneyt Çakır ( Turkish pronunciation : [ ˈdʒynejt ˈtʃakɯɾ ] , born 23 November 1976 ) is a Turkish football referee . He has been FIFA listed since 2006 and a member of the UEFA Elite since 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bahattin Duran Tarık Ongun Mustafa Emre Eyisoy ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hüseyin Göçek Barış Şimşek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hüseyin_Göçek', 'summary': "Hüseyin Göçek ( born 30 November 1976 ) is a Turkish international referee who refereed at 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers . He became a FIFA referee in 2008 . He was the referee in charge of the under-21s game between Serbia and England which involved the racist and physical abuse of England 's black players ."}]}, {'value': 'Portugal-Iceland ( Group F ) Belgium-Republic of Ireland ( Group E ) Italy-Spain ( Round of 16 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_F', 'summary': "Group F of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Portugal , Iceland , Austria , and Hungary . It is Iceland 's first appearance at the finals . Matches were played from 14 to 22 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_F', 'summary': "Group F of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Portugal , Iceland , Austria , and Hungary . It is Iceland 's first appearance at the finals . Matches were played from 14 to 22 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Belgium , Italy , Republic of Ireland and Sweden . Italy was the only former European champion in this group , having won in 1968 . Matches were played from 13 to 22 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Belgium , Italy , Republic of Ireland and Sweden . Italy was the only former European champion in this group , having won in 1968 . Matches were played from 13 to 22 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Football_Association', 'summary': "The Football Association ( FA ) is the governing body of association football in England and the Crown dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey , and the Isle of Man . Formed in 1863 , it is the oldest football association in the world and is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the amateur and professional game in its territory . The FA sanctions all competitive football matches within its remit at national level , and indirectly at local level through the county football associations . It runs numerous competitions , the most famous of which is the FA Cup . It is also responsible for appointing the management of the men 's , women 's , and youth national football teams . The FA is a member of both UEFA and FIFA and holds a permanent seat on the International Football Association Board ( IFAB ) which is responsible for the Laws of the Game . As the first football association , it does not use the national name English in its title . The FA is based at Wembley Stadium , London . The FA is a member of the British Olympic Association , meaning that the FA has control over the men 's and women 's Great Britain Olympic football team . All of England 's professional football teams are members of the Football Association . Although it does not run the day-to-day operations of the Premier League , it has veto power over the appointment of the League Chairman and Chief Executive and over any changes to league rules . The English Football League , made up of the three fully professional divisions below the Premier League , is self-governing , subject to the FA 's sanctions ."}]}, {'value': 'Mark Clattenburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Clattenburg', 'summary': 'Mark Clattenburg ( born 13 March 1975 ) is an English professional football referee . Clattenburg is a former member of the Premier League and the Durham County Football Association and also a former FIFA referee . He has refereed a number of notable matches , including the 2016 UEFA Champions League Final and the UEFA Euro 2016 Final .'}]}, {'value': 'Simon Beck Jake Collin Stuart Burt ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anthony Taylor Andre Marriner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Taylor_(referee)', 'summary': 'Anthony Taylor ( born 20 October 1978 ) is an English professional football referee from Wythenshawe , Manchester . In 2010 , he was promoted to the list of Select Group Referees who officiate primarily in the Premier League , and in 2013 became a listed referee for FIFA allowing him to referee European and international matches . In 2015 , he officiated the Football League Cup final at Wembley Stadium . Taylor later returned to Wembley in 2017 to officiate the 2017 FA Cup final between Chelsea and Arsenal , making it his second final appearance as referee with the first one being in 2015 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andre_Marriner', 'summary': 'Andre Marriner ( born 1 January 1971 ) is an English professional football referee based in Sheldon , West Midlands . He is a member of the Birmingham County Football Association . In 2005 , Marriner was promoted to the list of Select Group Referees who officiate primarily in the Premier League . He also refereed for FIFA between 2009 & 2017 . In May 2013 he took charge of the FA Cup final , the highest domestic honour for a referee in England .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgium-Italy ( Group E ) Czech Republic-Croatia ( Group D ) Switzerland-Poland ( Round of 16 ) Portugal-France ( Final )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Belgium , Italy , Republic of Ireland and Sweden . Italy was the only former European champion in this group , having won in 1968 . Matches were played from 13 to 22 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Belgium , Italy , Republic of Ireland and Sweden . Italy was the only former European champion in this group , having won in 1968 . Matches were played from 13 to 22 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_D', 'summary': 'Group D of UEFA Euro 2016 contained defending European champion Spain , Czech Republic , Turkey and Croatia . This Euro 2016 group was the only with two former European champions - Spain ( 3 times ) and Czech Republic ( 1 time , as Czechoslovakia ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_D', 'summary': 'Group D of UEFA Euro 2016 contained defending European champion Spain , Czech Republic , Turkey and Croatia . This Euro 2016 group was the only with two former European champions - Spain ( 3 times ) and Czech Republic ( 1 time , as Czechoslovakia ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Final', 'summary': "The UEFA Euro 2016 Final was a football match that took place on 10 July 2016 at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis , France , to determine the winners of UEFA Euro 2016 . Portugal defeated the hosts and two-time winners France 1-0 after extra time , with a goal from substitute Eder , to claim its first major tournament title . In doing so , they became the tenth nation to win the UEFA European Championship , 12 years after losing their first final at home in 2004 . France became the second host team to lose the final , after Portugal in 2004 , and suffered their first defeat at a major tournament hosted in the country since the 1960 European Nations ' Cup third-place playoff against Czechoslovakia . This was the fifth European Championship final to end in a draw after 90 minutes of play , and the second whose winners were decided by extra time , after the inaugural final in 1960 . As the winners , Portugal gained entry into their first FIFA Confederations Cup , which was played in Russia in 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Final', 'summary': "The UEFA Euro 2016 Final was a football match that took place on 10 July 2016 at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis , France , to determine the winners of UEFA Euro 2016 . Portugal defeated the hosts and two-time winners France 1-0 after extra time , with a goal from substitute Eder , to claim its first major tournament title . In doing so , they became the tenth nation to win the UEFA European Championship , 12 years after losing their first final at home in 2004 . France became the second host team to lose the final , after Portugal in 2004 , and suffered their first defeat at a major tournament hosted in the country since the 1960 European Nations ' Cup third-place playoff against Czechoslovakia . This was the fifth European Championship final to end in a draw after 90 minutes of play , and the second whose winners were decided by extra time , after the inaugural final in 1960 . As the winners , Portugal gained entry into their first FIFA Confederations Cup , which was played in Russia in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scottish_Football_Association', 'summary': 'The Scottish Football Association ( also known as the SFA and the Scottish FA ; Scottish Gaelic : Comann Ball-coise na h-Alba ; Scots : Scots Fitbaw Association ) is the governing body of football in Scotland and has the ultimate responsibility for the control and development of football in Scotland . Members of the SFA include clubs in Scotland , affiliated national associations as well as local associations . It was formed in 1873 , making it the second oldest national football association in the world . It is not to be confused with the Scottish Football Union , which is the name that the SRU was known by until the 1920s . The Scottish Football Association sits on the International Football Association Board which is responsible for the laws of the game . The SFA is also a member of FIFA and founder member of UEFA . It is based at Hampden Park in Glasgow . In addition , the Scottish Football Museum is located there . The Scottish Football Association is responsible for the operation of the Scotland national football team , the annual Scottish Cup and several other duties important to the functioning of the game in Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'Willie Collum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Willie_Collum', 'summary': 'William Willie Collum ( born 18 January 1979 ) is a Scottish football referee .'}]}, {'value': 'Damien MacGraith Francis Connor Douglas Ross ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bobby Madden John Beaton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobby_Madden', 'summary': 'Bobby Madden ( born 25 October 1978 ) is a Scottish football referee . Madden became a FIFA referee in 2010 . He has officiated in 2014 World Cup qualifiers , beginning with the match between Germany and the Faroe Islands .'}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Beaton', 'summary': 'John William Beaton ( born 9 January 1982 in Motherwell ) is a FIFA referee and currently a referee in the SPFL .'}]}, {'value': 'France-Albania ( Group A ) Czech Republic-Turkey ( Group D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of UEFA Euro 2016 contained France , Romania , debutant Albania and Switzerland . France was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship two times ( in 1984 and 2000 ) . Matches were played from 10 to 19 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of UEFA Euro 2016 contained France , Romania , debutant Albania and Switzerland . France was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship two times ( in 1984 and 2000 ) . Matches were played from 10 to 19 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_D', 'summary': 'Group D of UEFA Euro 2016 contained defending European champion Spain , Czech Republic , Turkey and Croatia . This Euro 2016 group was the only with two former European champions - Spain ( 3 times ) and Czech Republic ( 1 time , as Czechoslovakia ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_D', 'summary': 'Group D of UEFA Euro 2016 contained defending European champion Spain , Czech Republic , Turkey and Croatia . This Euro 2016 group was the only with two former European champions - Spain ( 3 times ) and Czech Republic ( 1 time , as Czechoslovakia ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swedish_Football_Association', 'summary': "The Swedish Football Association ( Swedish : Svenska Fotbollförbundet ) also known as SvFF is the governing and body of football in Sweden . It organises the football leagues - Allsvenskan for men and Damallsvenskan for women - and the men 's and women 's national teams . It is based in Solna and is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA . SvFF is supported by 24 district organisations ."}]}, {'value': 'Jonas Eriksson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonas_Eriksson_(referee)', 'summary': 'Jonas Eriksson ( born 28 March 1974 ) is a Swedish former football referee . He was a full international referee for FIFA between 2002 and 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Mathias Klasenius Daniel Wärnmark Mehmet Culum ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stefan Johannesson Markus Strömbergsson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stefan_Johannesson', 'summary': 'Stefan Johannesson ( born November 22 , 1971 ) is a Swedish football referee . Johannesson currently resides in Täby . He was a full international referee for FIFA between 2003 and 2017 . He became a professional referee in 1994 and has been an Allsvenskan referee since 2001 . Johannesson has refereed 235 matches in Allsvenskan , 32 matches in Superettan and 79 international matches as of 2014 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Markus_Strömbergsson', 'summary': 'Markus Strömbergsson ( born 26 April 1975 ) is a Swedish football referee . Strömbergsson currently resides in Gävle . He was a full international referee for FIFA between 2006 and 2012 . He became a professional referee in 1996 and has been an Allsvenskan referee since 2003 . Strömbergsson has refereed 147 matches in Allsvenskan , 63 matches in Superettan and 47 international matches as of 2013 . He is the brother of Martin Strömbergsson .'}]}, {'value': 'Turkey-Croatia ( Group D ) Russia-Wales ( Group B ) Portugal-Wales ( Semi-finals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_D', 'summary': 'Group D of UEFA Euro 2016 contained defending European champion Spain , Czech Republic , Turkey and Croatia . This Euro 2016 group was the only with two former European champions - Spain ( 3 times ) and Czech Republic ( 1 time , as Czechoslovakia ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_D', 'summary': 'Group D of UEFA Euro 2016 contained defending European champion Spain , Czech Republic , Turkey and Croatia . This Euro 2016 group was the only with two former European champions - Spain ( 3 times ) and Czech Republic ( 1 time , as Czechoslovakia ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_B', 'summary': "Group B of UEFA Euro 2016 contained England , Russia , Wales and Slovakia . Within this group only Russia was a former European champion , having won as the Soviet Union in 1960 . This was Wales ' and Slovakia 's first appearance at the European Championship . Matches were played from 11 to 20 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_B', 'summary': "Group B of UEFA Euro 2016 contained England , Russia , Wales and Slovakia . Within this group only Russia was a former European champion , having won as the Soviet Union in 1960 . This was Wales ' and Slovakia 's first appearance at the European Championship . Matches were played from 11 to 20 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romanian_Football_Federation', 'summary': "The Federația Română de Fotbal ( Romanian Football Federation ) , also known by its acronym FRF , is the governing body of football in Romania . They are headquartered in the capital city of Bucharest and affiliated to FIFA and UEFA since 1923 and 1955 respectively . The Federation organizes the national team and the women 's national team , as well as most of the Romanian football competitions ."}]}, {'value': 'Ovidiu Hațegan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ovidiu_Hațegan', 'summary': 'Ovidiu Alin Haţegan ( born 14 July 1980 ) is a Romanian professional football referee who officiates primarily in the Liga I and for FIFA as a FIFA international referee .'}]}, {'value': 'Octavian Șovre Sebastian Gheorghe Radu Ghinguleac ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexandru Tudor Sebastian Colțescu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexandru_Tudor', 'summary': 'Alexandru Dan Tudor ( born 13 September 1971 ) is a retired Romanian football referee . He refereed his first match in the Romanian First Division on 15 May 1999 , when he officiated a match between Universitatea Craiova and Universitatea Cluj . He was a FIFA-listed referee from 2001 to 2016 , and refereed his first UEFA Champions League qualifying match on 31 July 2002 . He took charge of a UEFA Cup first round match between Celta de Vigo and Odense Boldklub two months later , but it was not until 4 November 2008 that he refereed his first Champions League group stage match , when he officiated a match between Barcelona and Basel . He refereed his last official match in the Romanian First Division on 14 December 2018 , when he officiated a thrilling game between Concordia Chiajna and FC Politehnica Iași , 3-6 . Nicknamed Brad Pitt thanks to his looks , Tudor holds the record for the most games officiated in Liga 1 , with over 380 matches under his badge . At international level , Tudor has officiated at the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship , qualifying matches for Euro 2004 , Euro 2008 , and Euro 2012 , and the 2006 , 2010 , and 2014 World Cup qualifiers .'}]}, {'value': 'Poland-Northern Ireland ( Group C ) Italy-Republic of Ireland ( Group E )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_C', 'summary': 'Group C of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Germany , Ukraine , Poland and Northern Ireland . Germany was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship three times ( in 1972 and 1980 as West Germany and in 1996 as unified Germany ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_C', 'summary': 'Group C of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Germany , Ukraine , Poland and Northern Ireland . Germany was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship three times ( in 1972 and 1980 as West Germany and in 1996 as unified Germany ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Belgium , Italy , Republic of Ireland and Sweden . Italy was the only former European champion in this group , having won in 1968 . Matches were played from 13 to 22 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Belgium , Italy , Republic of Ireland and Sweden . Italy was the only former European champion in this group , having won in 1968 . Matches were played from 13 to 22 June 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russian_Football_Union', 'summary': "The Russian Football Union ( Russian : Российский Футбольный Союз , Rossiyskiy Futbolnyy Soyuz , or RFS ) is the official governing body of the sport of football in the Russian Federation . With headquarters in Moscow , it organizes Russian amateur and professional football , including the men 's , women 's , youth , beach football , futsal and Paralympic national teams . The RFS sanctions referees and football tournaments for Russian Football Premier League and most football leagues in Russia . RFU is currently headed by Aleksandr Dyukov , the CEO of Gazprom Neft ."}]}, {'value': 'Sergei Karasev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sergei_Karasev', 'summary': 'Sergei Gennadyevich Karasev ( Russian : Сергей Геннадьевич Карасёв ; born 12 June 1979 ) is a Russian international referee . Karasev became a FIFA referee in 2010 . He has refereed at 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers , beginning with the Group A match between Scotland and Macedonia . Karasev is married with two children . His primary hobby is attending metal concerts . In his interview for RIA Novosti , he names Slayer as his favourite metal band .'}]}, {'value': 'Anton Averyanov Tikhon Kalugin Nikolai Golubev', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sergey Lapochkin Sergey Ivanov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sergey_Lapochkin_(referee,_born_1981)', 'summary': 'Sergey Sergeyevich Lapochkin ( Russian : Сергей Сергеевич Лапочкин ; born 28 April 1981 in Leningrad , Russian SFSR ) is a Russian professional football referee . He has been a FIFA referee since 2013 . His father , also named Sergey Lapochkin also was a referee .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergey_Ivanov_(referee)', 'summary': 'Sergey Sergeyevich Ivanov ( Russian : Сергей Сергеевич Иванов ; born 5 June 1984 ) is a Russian football referee . He lives in Rostov-on-Don . He has been a FIFA referee since 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania-Switzerland ( Group A ) Iceland-Hungary ( Group F )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of UEFA Euro 2016 contained France , Romania , debutant Albania and Switzerland . France was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship two times ( in 1984 and 2000 ) . Matches were played from 10 to 19 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of UEFA Euro 2016 contained France , Romania , debutant Albania and Switzerland . France was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship two times ( in 1984 and 2000 ) . Matches were played from 10 to 19 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_F', 'summary': "Group F of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Portugal , Iceland , Austria , and Hungary . It is Iceland 's first appearance at the finals . Matches were played from 14 to 22 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_F', 'summary': "Group F of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Portugal , Iceland , Austria , and Hungary . It is Iceland 's first appearance at the finals . Matches were played from 14 to 22 June 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hungarian_Football_Federation', 'summary': 'The Hungarian Football Federation ( Hungarian : Magyar Labdarúgó Szövetség , MLSZ ) is the governing body of football in Hungary . It organizes the Hungarian league and the Hungarian national team . It is based in Budapest . György Szepesi was president of the Hungarian Football Association from 1978 to 1986 .'}]}, {'value': 'Viktor Kassai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viktor_Kassai', 'summary': 'Viktor Kassai ( Kassai Viktor , Hungarian pronunciation : [ ˈkɒʃːɒi ˈviktor ] ; born 10 September 1975 ) is a Hungarian football official and a former referee . He is the head of refereeing department of the Russian Football Union . He participated in the 2010 FIFA World Cup and refereed the 2011 UEFA Champions League Final . He has been a full international referee for FIFA since 2003 . He retired as a referee on 30 December 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'György Ring Vencel Tóth István Albert ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tamás Bognár Ádám Farkas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tamás_Bognár', 'summary': 'Tamás Bognár ( born 18 November 1978 ) is a Hungarian professional football referee . He has been a full international for FIFA since 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'France-Romania ( Group A ) Italy-Sweden ( Group E ) Germany-Italy ( Quarter-finals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of UEFA Euro 2016 contained France , Romania , debutant Albania and Switzerland . France was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship two times ( in 1984 and 2000 ) . Matches were played from 10 to 19 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of UEFA Euro 2016 contained France , Romania , debutant Albania and Switzerland . France was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship two times ( in 1984 and 2000 ) . Matches were played from 10 to 19 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Belgium , Italy , Republic of Ireland and Sweden . Italy was the only former European champion in this group , having won in 1968 . Matches were played from 13 to 22 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Belgium , Italy , Republic of Ireland and Sweden . Italy was the only former European champion in this group , having won in 1968 . Matches were played from 13 to 22 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}]}, {'value': 'Czech Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Football_Association_of_the_Czech_Republic', 'summary': 'The Football Association of the Czech Republic ( Czech : Fotbalová asociace České republiky ; FAČR ) or colloquially the Czech Football Association is the governing body of football in the Czech Republic , based in Prague . It organizes the lower-level league competitions in the country ( the professional Czech First League and Czech Second League are organized independently ) , the Czech Cup , and the Czech Republic national football team .'}]}, {'value': 'Pavel Královec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pavel_Královec', 'summary': 'Pavel Královec ( born 16 August 1977 ) is a Czech football referee . He has been a full international for FIFA since 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'Roman Slyško Martin Wilczek Tomáš Mokrusch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Petr Ardeleánu Michal Paták', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Petr_Ardeleánu', 'summary': 'Petr Ardeleánu ( born 14 December 1980 ) is a Czech football referee who officiates in the Czech First League . He has been a FIFA referee since 2013 , and is ranked as a UEFA first category referee .'}]}, {'value': 'Ukraine-Northern Ireland ( Group C ) Romania-Albania ( Group A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_C', 'summary': 'Group C of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Germany , Ukraine , Poland and Northern Ireland . Germany was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship three times ( in 1972 and 1980 as West Germany and in 1996 as unified Germany ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_C', 'summary': 'Group C of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Germany , Ukraine , Poland and Northern Ireland . Germany was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship three times ( in 1972 and 1980 as West Germany and in 1996 as unified Germany ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of UEFA Euro 2016 contained France , Romania , debutant Albania and Switzerland . France was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship two times ( in 1984 and 2000 ) . Matches were played from 10 to 19 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of UEFA Euro 2016 contained France , Romania , debutant Albania and Switzerland . France was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship two times ( in 1984 and 2000 ) . Matches were played from 10 to 19 June 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Football_Association', 'summary': "The Royal Dutch Football Association ( Dutch : Koninklijke Nederlandse Voetbalbond , pronounced [ ˌkoːnɪŋkləkə ˌneːdərlɑntsə ˈvudbɑlbɔnt ] , or KNVB [ ˌkaːʔɛnveːˈbeː ] ) is the governing body of football in Netherlands . It organises the main Dutch football leagues ( Eredivisie and Eerste Divisie ) , the amateur leagues , the KNVB Cup , and the Dutch men 's and women 's national teams . For three seasons in the 2010s , the KNVB and its Belgian counterpart operated a joint top-level women 's league , the BeNe League , until the two countries dissolved the league after the 2014-15 season and reestablished their own top-level leagues . The KNVB is based in the central municipality of Zeist . With over 1.2 million members the KNVB is the single largest sports association in the Netherlands ."}]}, {'value': 'Björn Kuipers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Björn_Kuipers', 'summary': 'Björn Kuipers ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈbjɵrn ˈkœypərs ] ; born 28 March 1973 ) is a Dutch football referee . He has been a FIFA listed referee since 2006 and an UEFA Elite group referee since 2009 . He is assisted during matches by his countrymen Sander van Roekel and Erwin Zeinstra . A supermarket owner by occupation , Kuipers was appointed to referee several prestigious international finals like the 2011 UEFA Super Cup , the 2013 UEFA Europa League Final , the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup Final , the 2014 UEFA Champions League Final , the 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup Final and the 2018 UEFA Europa League Final .'}]}, {'value': 'Sander van Roekel Erwin Zeinstra Mario Diks ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pol van Boekel Richard Liesveld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pol_van_Boekel', 'summary': 'Paulus Hendrikus Martinus Pol van Boekel ( born 19 September 1975 ) is a Dutch international referee , who refereed at the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers , beginning with the match between Moldova and England . Van Boekel became a FIFA referee in 2008 .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany-Poland ( Group C ) Croatia-Spain ( Group D ) France-Iceland ( Quarter-finals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_C', 'summary': 'Group C of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Germany , Ukraine , Poland and Northern Ireland . Germany was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship three times ( in 1972 and 1980 as West Germany and in 1996 as unified Germany ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_C', 'summary': 'Group C of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Germany , Ukraine , Poland and Northern Ireland . Germany was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship three times ( in 1972 and 1980 as West Germany and in 1996 as unified Germany ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_D', 'summary': 'Group D of UEFA Euro 2016 contained defending European champion Spain , Czech Republic , Turkey and Croatia . This Euro 2016 group was the only with two former European champions - Spain ( 3 times ) and Czech Republic ( 1 time , as Czechoslovakia ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_D', 'summary': 'Group D of UEFA Euro 2016 contained defending European champion Spain , Czech Republic , Turkey and Croatia . This Euro 2016 group was the only with two former European champions - Spain ( 3 times ) and Czech Republic ( 1 time , as Czechoslovakia ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}]}, {'value': 'Poland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Polish_Football_Association', 'summary': 'The Polish Football Association ( Polish : Polski Związek Piłki Nożnej ; PZPN ) is the governing body of association football in Poland . It organizes the Polish football leagues ( without the Ekstraklasa ) , the Polish Cup and the Polish national football team . It is based in the Polish capital of Warsaw .'}]}, {'value': 'Szymon Marciniak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Szymon_Marciniak', 'summary': 'Szymon Marciniak ( born 7 January 1981 ) is a Polish football referee .'}]}, {'value': 'Paweł Sokolnicki Tomasz Listkiewicz Radosław Siejka ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paweł Raczkowski Tomasz Musiał', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paweł_Raczkowski', 'summary': 'Paweł Krzysztof Raczkowski ( born 10 May 1983 ) is a Polish football referee who officiates in the Ekstraklasa . He has been a FIFA referee since 2013 , and is ranked as a UEFA first category referee .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain-Czech Republic ( Group D ) Iceland-Austria ( Group F ) Germany-Slovakia ( Round of 16 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_D', 'summary': 'Group D of UEFA Euro 2016 contained defending European champion Spain , Czech Republic , Turkey and Croatia . This Euro 2016 group was the only with two former European champions - Spain ( 3 times ) and Czech Republic ( 1 time , as Czechoslovakia ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_D', 'summary': 'Group D of UEFA Euro 2016 contained defending European champion Spain , Czech Republic , Turkey and Croatia . This Euro 2016 group was the only with two former European champions - Spain ( 3 times ) and Czech Republic ( 1 time , as Czechoslovakia ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_F', 'summary': "Group F of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Portugal , Iceland , Austria , and Hungary . It is Iceland 's first appearance at the finals . Matches were played from 14 to 22 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_F', 'summary': "Group F of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Portugal , Iceland , Austria , and Hungary . It is Iceland 's first appearance at the finals . Matches were played from 14 to 22 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}]}, {'value': 'Serbia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Football_Association_of_Serbia', 'summary': 'The Football Association of Serbia ( Serbian : Фудбалски савез Србије , ФСС / Fudbalski savez Srbije , FSS ) is the governing body of football in Serbia , based in Belgrade . It organizes Serbian football leagues , namely the Serbian Superliga , the Serbia national football team , as well as the Second Leagues . FSS was part of the Football Association of Yugoslavia , which was founded in 1919 in Zagreb then the new Football Association of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003 . It was established as Football Association of Serbia in 2006 after the split of Montenegro and Serbia as two different independent countries . Javier Clemente was appointed the first ever coach of the Serbia national football team . The current head coach is Ljubiša Tumbaković .'}]}, {'value': 'Milorad Mažić', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Milorad_Mažić', 'summary': 'Milorad Mažić ( Serbian Cyrillic : Милорад Мажић , pronounced [ mǐlorad mǎʒitɕ ] ; born 23 March 1973 ) is a Serbian international association football referee . He became a FIFA referee in 2009 . Beside working in the Serbian football league system , Mažić officiated numerous matches in the UEFA Champions League ( including the 2018 Final game ) and the Europa League , as well as the 2016 UEFA Super Cup . He refereed matches at the 2014 FIFA World Cup , UEFA Euro 2016 , 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup ( including the final match ) . He was selected as a referee for the 2018 FIFA World Cup . He was awarded a Silver Medal for Merits of the Republic of Serbia . He was selected the best Serbian referee nine times in a row .'}]}, {'value': 'Milovan Ristić Dalibor Đurđević Nemanja Petrović ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Danilo Grujić Nenad Đokić', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Republic of Ireland-Sweden ( Group E ) Spain-Turkey ( Group D ) Hungary-Belgium ( Round of 16 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Belgium , Italy , Republic of Ireland and Sweden . Italy was the only former European champion in this group , having won in 1968 . Matches were played from 13 to 22 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Belgium , Italy , Republic of Ireland and Sweden . Italy was the only former European champion in this group , having won in 1968 . Matches were played from 13 to 22 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_D', 'summary': 'Group D of UEFA Euro 2016 contained defending European champion Spain , Czech Republic , Turkey and Croatia . This Euro 2016 group was the only with two former European champions - Spain ( 3 times ) and Czech Republic ( 1 time , as Czechoslovakia ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_D', 'summary': 'Group D of UEFA Euro 2016 contained defending European champion Spain , Czech Republic , Turkey and Croatia . This Euro 2016 group was the only with two former European champions - Spain ( 3 times ) and Czech Republic ( 1 time , as Czechoslovakia ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}]}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norwegian_Football_Federation', 'summary': "The Norwegian Football Federation ( Norwegian : Norges Fotballforbund ; NFF ) is the governing body of football in Norway . It was formed in 1902 and organises the men 's and women 's national teams , as well as the league systems for men and women ( whose top levels are respectively the Eliteserien and Toppserien ) . The current president of NFF is Terje Svendsen . By 1 January 2004 , there were 1,814 clubs organized in Norway and 373,532 registered players . It is the largest sports federation in Norway . The NFF joined FIFA in 1908 , and UEFA in 1954 . The NFF was part of an unsuccessful joint bid with the SvFF , the DBU and the SPL to host the UEFA Euro 2008 championship . The SvFF invited the NFF to join them in bidding for the UEFA Euro 2016 championship . The NFF and Norwegian politicians expressed support for such a proposal , but Euro 2016 was eventually awarded to France ."}]}, {'value': 'Svein Oddvar Moen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Svein_Oddvar_Moen', 'summary': 'Svein Oddvar Moen ( born 22 January 1979 ) is a Norwegian football referee . He took up refereeing in 1995 , and made his debut in the Eliteserien in 2003 . He represents SK Haugar .'}]}, {'value': 'Kim Thomas Haglund Frank Andås Sven Erik Midthjell ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ken Henry Johnsen Svein-Erik Edvartsen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Svein-Erik_Edvartsen', 'summary': 'Svein-Erik Edvartsen ( born 21 May 1979 ) is a Norwegian football referee and sports management professional .'}]}, {'value': 'Wales-Slovakia ( Group B ) Ukraine-Poland ( Group C )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_B', 'summary': "Group B of UEFA Euro 2016 contained England , Russia , Wales and Slovakia . Within this group only Russia was a former European champion , having won as the Soviet Union in 1960 . This was Wales ' and Slovakia 's first appearance at the European Championship . Matches were played from 11 to 20 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_B', 'summary': "Group B of UEFA Euro 2016 contained England , Russia , Wales and Slovakia . Within this group only Russia was a former European champion , having won as the Soviet Union in 1960 . This was Wales ' and Slovakia 's first appearance at the European Championship . Matches were played from 11 to 20 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_C', 'summary': 'Group C of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Germany , Ukraine , Poland and Northern Ireland . Germany was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship three times ( in 1972 and 1980 as West Germany and in 1996 as unified Germany ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_C', 'summary': 'Group C of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Germany , Ukraine , Poland and Northern Ireland . Germany was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship three times ( in 1972 and 1980 as West Germany and in 1996 as unified Germany ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italian_Football_Federation', 'summary': "The Italian Football Federation ( Italian : Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio ; FIGC ) , also known as Federcalcio , is the governing body of football in Italy . It is based in Rome and the technical department is in Coverciano , Florence . It organises the Italian football league and Coppa Italia . It is also responsible for appointing the management of the Italy national football team ( men 's ) , women 's , and youth national football teams . The Italy national futsal team also belongs to the federation ."}]}, {'value': 'Nicola Rizzoli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicola_Rizzoli', 'summary': 'Nicola Rizzoli ( Italian pronunciation : [ niˈkɔla ritˈtsɔli ] ; born 5 October 1971 ) is a Italian former football referee who refereed in the Italian Serie A from 2002 to 2017 and was a FIFA-listed referee from 2007 to 2017 . He refereed the 2014 FIFA World Cup Final between Germany and Argentina on 13 July at the Estádio do Maracanã and the 2013 Champions League Final between Borussia Dortmund and Bayern Munich at Wembley Stadium . Rizzoli won seven consecutive AIC Serie A Referee of the Year Awards from 2011 to 2017 . On 18 February 2017 , Soccer 360 included Rizzoli on its list of the top 5 referees in the 21st century . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Elenito Di Liberatore Mauro Tonolini Gianluca Cariolato ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luca Banti Antonio Damato Daniele Orsato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luca_Banti', 'summary': 'Luca Banti ( Italian : [ ˈluːka ˈbanti ] ; born 27 March 1974 in Livorno ) is an Italian football referee . In 2009 , he became a UEFA Category three referee and at the start of 2010 he was promoted to category two and later to category one . Banti became a FIFA referee in 2009 . He has served as a referee in 2014 World Cup qualifiers .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Antonio_Damato', 'summary': 'Antonio Damato ( born 15 August 1972 ) is an ex-Italian football referee . A lawyer by profession , Damato became a FIFA referee in 2010 . He has served as a referee in the 2012-13 UEFA Europa League and during the 2014 World Cup qualifiers , beginning with the Group G match between Greece and Bosnia-Herzegovina . He ceased to be a FIFA referee in 2016 and retired from refereeing in Italian domestic football in 2018 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Daniele_Orsato', 'summary': 'Daniele Orsato ( born 23 November 1975 in Montecchio Maggiore ) is an Italian football referee . Orsato became a FIFA referee in 2010 . He has served as a referee in qualifying matches for the 2014 World Cup and Euro 2012 . Orsato refereed group stage matches in the 2012-13 , 2013-14 , and 2014-15 UEFA Champions League competitions . In 2016 , Orsato refereed the round of 16 match between PSV and Atletico Madrid in the 2015-16 UEFA Champions League . On 14 March 2017 , Orsato refereed the round of 16 match between Leicester City and Sevilla in the 2016-17 UEFA Champions League and was highly praised for his performance . On 1 July 2018 , Orsato was appointed a VAR referee for the 2018 Fifa World Cup match between Croatia and Denmark . On February 12 , 2019 , Orsato refereed the round of 16 first leg match between Manchester United and PSG in the UEFA Champions League . He gave out 10 yellow cards ( 6 for Manchester United and 4 for PSG ) and sent off Paul Pogba in the 89th minute .'}]}, {'value': 'England-Russia ( Group B ) Portugal-Austria ( Group F ) France-Republic of Ireland ( Round of 16 ) Germany-France ( Semi-finals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_B', 'summary': "Group B of UEFA Euro 2016 contained England , Russia , Wales and Slovakia . Within this group only Russia was a former European champion , having won as the Soviet Union in 1960 . This was Wales ' and Slovakia 's first appearance at the European Championship . Matches were played from 11 to 20 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_B', 'summary': "Group B of UEFA Euro 2016 contained England , Russia , Wales and Slovakia . Within this group only Russia was a former European champion , having won as the Soviet Union in 1960 . This was Wales ' and Slovakia 's first appearance at the European Championship . Matches were played from 11 to 20 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_F', 'summary': "Group F of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Portugal , Iceland , Austria , and Hungary . It is Iceland 's first appearance at the finals . Matches were played from 14 to 22 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_F', 'summary': "Group F of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Portugal , Iceland , Austria , and Hungary . It is Iceland 's first appearance at the finals . Matches were played from 14 to 22 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}]}, {'value': 'Slovenia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Football_Association_of_Slovenia', 'summary': "The Football Association of Slovenia ( Slovene : Nogometna zveza Slovenije or NZS ) is the governing body of football in Slovenia . It organizes the first division ( 1 . SNL ) , second division ( 2 . SNL ) , third division ( East and West ) , Slovenian Cup , Slovenian Women 's League , and other competitions . It is also responsible for the Slovenia national football team and the Slovenia women 's national football team . It was founded as Ljubljana Football Subassociation on 23 April 1920 ."}]}, {'value': 'Damir Skomina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Damir_Skomina', 'summary': 'Damir Skomina ( born 5 August 1976 ) is a Slovenian UEFA Elite category football referee .'}]}, {'value': 'Jure Praprotnik Robert Vukan Bojan Ul ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matej Jug Slavko Vinčić', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matej_Jug', 'summary': 'Matej Jug ( born 25 September 1980 ) is a Slovenian international referee .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Slavko_Vinčić', 'summary': 'Slavko Vinčić ( born 25 November 1979 ) is a Slovenian professional football referee . He has been full international for FIFA since 2010 . Vinčić went to UEFA Euro 2012 as additional assistant in the team of Damir Skomina . Slavko Vinčić was a referee during the match between the EA Guingamp and Dynamo ( K ) in the round of 32 of 2014-15 UEFA Europa League and showed two red cards to Dynamo Kyiv players . There was some controversy about the red cards .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia-Slovakia ( Group B ) Switzerland-France ( Group A ) England-Iceland ( Round of 16 ) Wales-Belgium ( Quarter-finals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_B', 'summary': "Group B of UEFA Euro 2016 contained England , Russia , Wales and Slovakia . Within this group only Russia was a former European champion , having won as the Soviet Union in 1960 . This was Wales ' and Slovakia 's first appearance at the European Championship . Matches were played from 11 to 20 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_B', 'summary': "Group B of UEFA Euro 2016 contained England , Russia , Wales and Slovakia . Within this group only Russia was a former European champion , having won as the Soviet Union in 1960 . This was Wales ' and Slovakia 's first appearance at the European Championship . Matches were played from 11 to 20 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of UEFA Euro 2016 contained France , Romania , debutant Albania and Switzerland . France was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship two times ( in 1984 and 2000 ) . Matches were played from 10 to 19 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of UEFA Euro 2016 contained France , Romania , debutant Albania and Switzerland . France was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship two times ( in 1984 and 2000 ) . Matches were played from 10 to 19 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/French_Football_Federation', 'summary': 'The French Football Federation ( FFF ) ( French : Fédération Française de Football ) is the governing body of football in France . It also includes the overseas departments ( Guadeloupe , French Guiana , Martinique , Mayotte and Réunion ) and the overseas collectivities ( New Caledonia , French Polynesia , Wallis and Futuna , Saint Pierre and Miquelon and Saint Barthélemy-Saint Martin ) and also in Monaco . It was formed in 1919 and is based in the capital , Paris . The FFF was a founding member of FIFA and is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the game of football in France , both professional and amateur . The French Football Federation is a founding member of UEFA and joined FIFA in 1907 after replacing the USFSA , who were founding members .'}]}, {'value': 'Clément Turpin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clément_Turpin', 'summary': 'Clément Turpin ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ klemɑ̃ tyʁpɛ̃ ] ; born 16 May 1982 ) is a French football referee . He has been a FIFA listed referee since 2010 , and an UEFA Elite group referee since 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'Frédéric Cano Nicolas Danos Cyril Gringore ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benoît Bastien Fredy Fautrel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benoît_Bastien', 'summary': 'Benoît Bastien ( born 17 April 1983 ) is a French professional football referee . He has been a full international for FIFA since 2014 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fredy_Fautrel', 'summary': 'Fredy Fautrel ( born 31 October 1971 ) is a French football referee . Born in Avranches , Fautrel became a referee in 1993 and has been registered as a Fédéral 1 referee since 2003 meaning he is eligible to officiate Ligue 1 and Ligue 2 matches , as well as matches in the Coupe de France and Coupe de la Ligue . He also serves as a referee for UEFA and FIFA matches , having become a FIFA referee in 2007 . Fautrel has officiated in qualifiers for the Euro 2008 and 2010 World Cup tournaments .'}]}, {'value': 'Austria-Hungary ( Group F ) Northern Ireland-Germany ( Group C )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_F', 'summary': "Group F of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Portugal , Iceland , Austria , and Hungary . It is Iceland 's first appearance at the finals . Matches were played from 14 to 22 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_F', 'summary': "Group F of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Portugal , Iceland , Austria , and Hungary . It is Iceland 's first appearance at the finals . Matches were played from 14 to 22 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_C', 'summary': 'Group C of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Germany , Ukraine , Poland and Northern Ireland . Germany was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship three times ( in 1972 and 1980 as West Germany and in 1996 as unified Germany ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_C', 'summary': 'Group C of UEFA Euro 2016 contained Germany , Ukraine , Poland and Northern Ireland . Germany was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship three times ( in 1972 and 1980 as West Germany and in 1996 as unified Germany ) . Matches were played from 12 to 21 June 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Football_Federation', 'summary': "The Royal Spanish Football Federation ( Spanish : Real Federación Española de Fútbol ; RFEF ) is the governing body of football in Spain . It is based in La Ciudad del Fútbol of Las Rozas , a municipality near Madrid . It was founded on 14 October 1909 as Federación Española de Clubs de Football , and officially founded on 29 September 1913 . It administers the competition committee ( including the handling of the trophy ) of the Campeonato Nacional de Liga : the Primera División and the Segunda División , even though they are organized by LaLiga . It organizes the Segunda División B as well as the Tercera División with the assistance of the regional football federations . It is also responsible for appointing the management of the Spanish national football team ( men 's ) , women 's , and youth national football teams . The Spain national futsal team , also belongs to the federation . As of May 2019 , the federation has 21,148 registered clubs and 1,063,090 federated football players ."}]}, {'value': 'Carlos Velasco Carballo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Velasco_Carballo', 'summary': 'Carlos Velasco Carballo ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkaɾloz βeˈlasko kaɾˈβaʎo ] ; [ a ] born 16 March 1971 ) is a retired Spanish professional football referee .'}]}, {'value': 'Roberto Alonso Fernández Juan Carlos Yuste Jiménez Raúl Cabañero Martínez ( standby )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jesús Gil Manzano Carlos del Cerro Grande', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jesús_Gil_Manzano', 'summary': 'Jesús Gil Manzano ( Spanish pronunciation : [ xeˈsus ˈxil manˈθano ] ; born 4 February 1984 in Don Benito ) is a Spanish football referee . He officiates in the Spanish Primera División . He made his La Liga debut on 25 August 2012 in a game between Málaga CF and Real Madrid . Gil Manzano also appeared in the 2013-14 Copa del Rey quarterfinals game between Racing de Santander and Real Sociedad , where Racing refused to play after one minute . Following the game between FC Barcelona and Girona FC on 23 September 2018 , that ended 2-2 , Lionel Messi refused to shake his hand after the match .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Carlos_del_Cerro_Grande', 'summary': 'Carlos del Cerro Grande ( born 13 March 1976 ) is a football referee . He belongs to the Committee of Referees of the Community of Madrid . He has been an international referee since 2013 , with his debut in an international match on 26 May 2013 , between the under-19 teams of Scotland and Georgia .'}]}, {'value': 'Albania-Switzerland ( Group A ) Slovakia-England ( Group B ) Croatia-Portugal ( Round of 16 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of UEFA Euro 2016 contained France , Romania , debutant Albania and Switzerland . France was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship two times ( in 1984 and 2000 ) . Matches were played from 10 to 19 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of UEFA Euro 2016 contained France , Romania , debutant Albania and Switzerland . France was the only former European champion in this group , having won the championship two times ( in 1984 and 2000 ) . Matches were played from 10 to 19 June 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_B', 'summary': "Group B of UEFA Euro 2016 contained England , Russia , Wales and Slovakia . Within this group only Russia was a former European champion , having won as the Soviet Union in 1960 . This was Wales ' and Slovakia 's first appearance at the European Championship . Matches were played from 11 to 20 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_Group_B', 'summary': "Group B of UEFA Euro 2016 contained England , Russia , Wales and Slovakia . Within this group only Russia was a former European champion , having won as the Soviet Union in 1960 . This was Wales ' and Slovakia 's first appearance at the European Championship . Matches were played from 11 to 20 June 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}, {'url': '/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2016_knockout_phase', 'summary': 'The knockout phase of UEFA Euro 2016 began on 25 June 2016 and ended on 10 July 2016 with the final in Saint-Denis , France , near Paris . All times listed are Central European Summer Time ( UTC+2 )'}]}], 'section_title': 'Match officials', 'section_text': 'On 15 December 2015 , UEFA named eighteen referees for Euro 2016 . [ 41 ] The full referee teams were announced on 1 March 2016 . [ 42 ] [ 43 ] England was the only country to have two referees in the tournament . Hungarian referee Viktor Kassai was chosen to officiate the opener between France and Romania . [ 44 ] English referee Mark Clattenburg was chosen to officiate the final between Portugal and France . [ 45 ]', 'uid': 'UEFA_Euro_2016_2', 'intro': "The 2016 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2016 or simply Euro 2016, was the 15th UEFA European Championship, the quadrennial international men's football championship of Europe organised by UEFA. It was held in France from 10 June to 10 July 2016. Spain were the two-time defending champions, having won the 2008 and 2012 tournaments, but were eliminated in the round of 16 by Italy. Portugal won the tournament for the first time, following a 1-0 victory after extra time over the host team, France, in the final played at the Stade de France. For the first time, the European Championship final tournament was contested by 24 teams, having been expanded from the 16-team format used since 1996. Under the new format, the finalists contested a group stage consisting of six groups of four teams, followed by a knockout phase including three rounds and the final. Nineteen teams - the top two from each of the nine qualifying groups and the best third-placed team - joined France in the final tournament, who qualified automatically as host; a series of two-legged play-off ties between the remaining third-placed teams in November 2015 decided the last four finalist spots. France was chosen as the host nation on 28 May 2010, after a bidding process in which they beat Italy and Turkey for the right to host the 2016 finals. The matches were played in ten stadiums in ten cities: Bordeaux, Lens, Lille Métropole, Décines-Charpieu, Marseille, Nice, Paris, Saint-Denis, Saint-Étienne, and Toulouse. It was the third time that France hosted the finals, after the inaugural tournament in 1960 and the 1984 finals. As the winners, Portugal earned the right to compete at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia."}	null	null	What is the name of the main referee from a country whose football association was founded in April of 1920 ?	Damir Skomina
09ed66dd5bbee309	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Boston_Marathon', 'title': '2012 Boston Marathon', 'header': ['Place', 'Athlete', 'Nationality', 'Time'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wesley Korir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wesley_Korir', 'summary': 'Wesley Korir ( born 15 November 1982 ) is a Kenyan long distance runner , who specializes in road running competitions , and politician . On 16 April 2012 , he won the Boston Marathon with a time of 2 hours 12 minutes 40 seconds . He had previously won the Los Angeles Marathon in 2009 and 2010 , the first back-to-back winner there in eight years . He took second place in the 2011 Chicago Marathon in a personal-record time of 2 hours 6 minutes 15 seconds , and improved that personal record by 2 seconds in the 2012 Chicago Marathon . In the 2013 Kenyan general election , Korir was elected to a seat in the National Assembly .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:12:40', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Levy Matebo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Levy_Matebo', 'summary': 'Levy Matebo Omari ( born 3 November 1989 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes mainly in marathon races . Matebo has a personal best of 2:05:16 hours for the 42.195 km distance , which he set as a runner-up at the 2011 Frankfurt Marathon . He was also second at the Boston Marathon in 2012 . He has won marathons in Brussels and Barcelona . In addition to the marathon , he has a half marathon best of 1:00:06 hours .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:13:06', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bernard Kipyego', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bernard_Kipyego', 'summary': 'Bernard Kiprop Kipyego ( born 16 July 1986 in Keiyo District ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in the marathon . His personal best for the event is 2:06:22 hours . He has reached the podium at the Amsterdam Marathon , Chicago Marathon , Boston Marathon , Paris Marathon and Tokyo Marathon . He was the bronze medallist at the 2007 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and took the silver medal at the 2009 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:13:13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jason Hartmann', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jason_Hartmann', 'summary': 'Jason Hartmann ( born March 23 , 1981 ) is a NCAA coach and a former American long-distance runner who specializes in marathon races . He won the Twin Cities Marathon in 2009 . He was the top American finisher at the 2010 Chicago Marathon and was fourth at the Boston Marathon in both 2012 and 2013 . His personal record for the event is 2:11:06 . He has represented the United States on the road , grass and track , having competed at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships , IAAF World Cross Country Championships and the Pan American Games . Collegiately he ran in cross country and track for the University of Oregon .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '2:14:31', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wilson Chebet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wilson_Chebet', 'summary': "Wilson Kwambai Chebet ( born 12 July 1985 in Marakwet District ) is a Kenyan professional long-distance runner who specialises in road running competitions . He has a marathon best of 2:05:27 hours . He began competing internationally in 2005 and established himself with a number of circuit wins in his first three years of competition , including the Marseille-Cassis Classique Internationale and America 's Finest City Half Marathon . He managed podium finishes at the Granollers Half Marathon , Rotterdam Half Marathon and Delhi Half Marathon in 2008 . He represented Kenya at the 2009 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and helped win the team gold medal . Chebet began pacemaking in marathon races in 2009 and made his competitive debut over the distance in 2010 . His clocking of two hours , 6:12 minutes to finish as runner-up at the Amsterdam Marathon was the second fastest debut run of all-time . In 2011 , won both the Amsterdam and Rotterdam Marathons . He repeated as Amsterdam champion in 2012 . His half marathon best of 59:15 minutes ranks among the top 15 fastest ever and he is in the top ten fastest ever over 20 km ."}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:14:56', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Laban Korir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Laban_Korir', 'summary': 'Laban Kipngetich Korir ( born 30 June 1985 in Uasin Gishu District ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in road running competitions . Korir is currently part of the NN Running Team , an international team of elite long-distance runners managed by Global Sports Communication in Nijmegen , Netherlands . He began competing abroad for the first time in 2008 in his early twenties . His first win came at the Setúbal Half Marathon in Portugal , and another followed at the 2009 Pombal Meia Maratona . Working with athletics manager Jos Hermens , he gained a place at the 2011 Amsterdam Marathon and made the third-fastest marathon debut in history with his run of 2:06:05 hours , which was enough for second place behind Wilson Chebet . In his first race of 2012 he came fifth at the Roma-Ostia Half Marathon , but improved his best over the distance to a time of 1:00:38 hours . He was invited to the 2012 Boston Marathon and managed sixth place , although difficult running conditions left him with a slower time of 2:15:29 hours . A run at the 2012 Chicago Marathon saw him in contention up to the halfway point , but he faded into eleventh place by the finish . Korir then won the 2014 Toronto Waterfront Marathon with a time of 2:08:15 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:15:29', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michel Butter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michel_Butter', 'summary': "Michel Butter ( born November 5 , 1985 in Beverwijk ) is a Dutch long-distance runner . He was the silver medallist over 10,000 metres at the 2007 European Athletics U23 Championships and represented his country at the 2008 European Cross Country Championships , coming ninth in the senior men 's race . Butter was the winner of the Tilburg Warandeloop in 2008 and won the half marathon at the 2009 Berenloop road race . He was 16th in the race at the 2010 European Cross Country Championships . He made his marathon debut at the 2011 Utrecht Marathon and won on his first attempt with a time of 2:17:35 hours . The race was reduced to a national level event that year as prize money was directly solely to Dutch runners . He significantly improved his best time at the 2011 Amsterdam Marathon , where his time of 2:12:59 hours brought him the Dutch national title and 15th position overall . At the 2012 Boston Marathon , he was seventh and the top European in a race slowed by hot conditions . In the 2012 Amsterdam Marathon , he took 12th place , in a new personal best of 2:09:58 hours ."}]}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': '2:16:38', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Barmasai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Barmasai', 'summary': 'David Barmasai Tumo ( born 1 January 1989 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who specialises in marathon running . He has a personal best of 2:07:18 hours ( set winning the 2011 Dubai Marathon ) and came fifth at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:17:16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hideaki Tamura', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '2:18:15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mathew Kisorio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mathew_Kisorio', 'summary': 'Mathew Kipkoech Kisorio ( born 16 May 1989 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in road running and cross country running competitions . He has a half marathon best of 58:46 minutes ( making him the third fastest ever ) and a marathon best of 2:10:58 hours . On the roads , he has won the Philadelphia Half Marathon , Kagawa Marugame Half Marathon and Stramilano races . He has represented Kenya on the track and on grass . He was fourth at both the 2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and the 10,000 metres at the 2010 African Championships in Athletics . He tested positive for steroids at the 2012 Kenyan Athletics Championships and admitted his drug use , claiming that medical staff in Kenya had promoted a system of doping to athletes .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:18:15', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Results -- Elite men', 'section_text': 'Wesley Korir mid-race in the leading pack of the 2012 Boston Marathon', 'uid': '2012_Boston_Marathon_0', 'intro': "The 2012 Boston Marathon took place in Boston, Massachusetts on Monday April 16, 2012. It was the 116th edition of the mass-participation marathon. Organized by the Boston Athletic Association, it was the first of the World Marathon Majors series to be held in 2012. A total of 22,426 runners started the race. The competition was held in hot running conditions, reaching 88 degrees Fahrenheit (31° Celsius) that afternoon, and some of the 27,000 registered runners opted to take up the organizers' offer to defer their entry until the 2013 race. Wesley Korir and Sharon Cherop won the elite men's and women's races respectively. Josh Cassidy and Shirley Reilly were the winners of the wheelchair racing section. In the masters section, Uli Steidl won the men's marathon and Svetlana Pretot (ninth overall) was the women's champion."}	null	null	What year did the person who finished slower than 2:16:36 but faster than 2:16:40 win the Tilburg Warandeloop ?	2008
09eebbf886c1c6f0	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooloolaba_Triathlon', 'title': 'Mooloolaba Triathlon', 'header': ['Year', 'Winner', 'Country', 'Time'], 'data': [{'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jodie Stimpson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jodie_Stimpson', 'summary': 'Jodie Lee Stimpson ( born 8 February 1989 ) is a British professional triathlete . In 2013 , she finished runner up in the ITU World Triathlon Series . She was also Aquathlon World Champion of the year 2006 , U23 vice Triathlon World Champion of the year 2008 , 2009 British Triathlon Champion and 2010 British Triathlon Super Series winner . In the prestigious French Club Championship Series Lyonnaise des Eaux , Stimpson represents Poissy Tri . In 2010 , however , Stimpson took part in only one Lyonnaise triathlon , the Triathlon de Paris , and won the gold medal . Together with Erin Densham ( Australia ) and Jodie Swallow ( Great Britain ) she won the silver medal for her French club . In 2011 , Jodie won her 1st major title in Triathlon when part of the GB team which took Gold at the World Mixed Relay Championship . On 24 July 2014 , Stimpson won her 1st Global title , with Gold at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in the Triathlon . Stimpson took gold in the mixed triathlon team relay at the 2014 Commonwealth Games , with the Brownlee brothers , Alistair and Jonathan , and Vicky Holland .'}]}, {'value': 'Great Britain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Great_Britain', 'summary': "Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe . With an area of 209,331 km2 ( 80,823 sq mi ) , it is the largest of the British Isles , the largest European island , and the ninth-largest island in the world . [ note 1 ] In 2011 , Great Britain had a population of about 61 million people , making it the world 's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan . The island of Ireland is situated to the west of Great Britain , and together these islands , along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands , form the British Isles archipelago . The island is dominated by a maritime climate with narrow temperature differences between seasons . England , Scotland , and Wales are mostly on Great Britain . Politically , Great Britain and Northern Ireland together constitute the United Kingdom . The term Great Britain is often used to include the whole of England , Scotland and Wales including their component adjoining islands ; and is also occasionally but contentiously applied to the UK as a whole in some contexts . A single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England ( which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales ) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union . In 1801 , Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland , forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , which was renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922 ."}]}, {'value': '58:31', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tamara Gómez Garrido', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tamara_Gómez_Garrido', 'summary': 'Tamara Gómez Garrido ( born 1991 in Elche ) is a Spanish professional triathlete and member of the National High Performance Team ( Deportistas de Alto Nivel ) . In 2010 , Tamara Gómez had her definite breakthrough . She won the National Junior Championships , placed third at the Spanish University Championships , and she won the silver medal at the Spanish Duathlon Championships ( Junior ) . In the same year she also started her international career and took part at three European elite cups and at two junior championships . At the European Junior Duathlon Championships she won the gold medal in the team competition . Like Carolina Routier , Tamara Gómez Garrido lives in the Spanish Triathlon High Performance Centre Residencia Joaquín Blume in Madrid and studies veterinary medicine at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid . In Spain , Tamara Gómez Garrido represented Atletisme Crevillent and CERR Strands Triathlon . She is a member of the Federación de Triatlón de la Comunitat Valenciana .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '1:01:42', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gwen Jorgensen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gwen_Jorgensen', 'summary': "Gwen Rosemary Jorgensen ( born April 25 , 1986 in Waukesha , Wisconsin ) is an American distance runner and former professional triathlete . She is the 2014 and 2015 ITU World Triathlon Series Champion . She has been named USA Triathlon 's 2013 and 2014 Olympic/ITU Female Athlete of the Year . She was a member of the 2012 Olympic Team and again represented the United States in triathlon at the 2016 Summer Olympics , where she won the USA 's first ever triathlon gold medal with a time of 1 hour , 56 minutes , and 16 seconds ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '59:55', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anne Haug', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anne_Haug', 'summary': 'Anne Haug ( born 20 January 1983 in Bayreuth ) is a German professional triathlete , National Duathlon Champion of the years 2008 and 2009 , and vice Triathlon Champion of the year 2009 . She represents the clubs TV 1848 Erlangen , Team Icehouse , and LG Stadtwerke München . Anne Haug studied Sports at the Technological University of Munich ( TU München ) . She lives in Bayreuth and Munich . In 2012 , she competed at the Olympic Games and finished in 11th place . In 2019 , Haug claimed her first Ironman World Championship title , finishing in a time of 8:40:10 , making her the third-fastest female in World Championship history .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '2:04:31', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sarah Deuble', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': '2:02:52', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ashleigh Gentle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ashleigh_Gentle', 'summary': 'Ashleigh Gentle ( born 25 February 1991 in South Brisbane , Queensland ) is an Australian triathlete who was selected as part of the team for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . She took second at the 2017 ITU World Triathlon Series World Championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': '2:03:25', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vendula Frintová', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vendula_Frintová', 'summary': "Vendula Frintová ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈvɛndula ˈfrɪntovaː ] ; born 4 September 1983 in Nachod ) is a Czech professional triathlete , multiple Czech Champion in various categories such as National Champion of the years 2006 and 2007 and winner of the National Championship Series of the year 2009 , Duathlon World Champion of the year 2009 , and gold medalist of the World Cup in Mooloolaba 2010 . In the eight years from 2002 to 2009 , Vendula Frintová took part in 75 ITU competitions and achieved 37 top ten positions , among which five gold medals . In her home country , Vendula Frintová represents the Ekol Elite Triathlon Team , and in 2010 , again , she also takes part , as an elite guest star , in prestigious German and French circuits , i.e . the German Bundesliga , representing Krefelder Kanu Klub , and the French Club Championship Series Lyonnaise des Eaux , representing TCG 79 Parthenay . At the opening triathlon of this Grand Prix de Triathlon , Frintová placed 17th , and at the second Lyonnaise des Eaux triathlon in Beauvais she placed 26th , both times being among the three triathlètes classants l'équipe , the best triathletes of the club , and TCG 79 Parthenay , which had only four instead of five triathletes , all of whom foreign guest stars , placed 5th again . Vendula Frintová holds a degree in anthropology and genetics ( Charles University , Prague ) and , when in the Czech Republic , she lives in her home town Nachod ."}]}, {'value': 'Czech Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Republic', 'summary': "The Czech Republic ( /ˈtʃɛk -/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česká republika [ ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpublɪka ] ( listen ) ) , also known by its short-form name , Czechia ( /ˈtʃɛkiə/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česko [ ˈtʃɛsko ] ( listen ) ) , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Poland to the northeast , Slovakia to the southeast , Austria to the south , and Germany to the west . The Czech Republic is a landlocked country with a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,866 square kilometers ( 30,450 sq mi ) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , with 10.7 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Prague , with 1.3 million residents ; other major cities are Brno , Ostrava , Olomouc and Pilsen . The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . The Czech state was formed in the late ninth century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire . In 1002 , the duchy was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire along with the Kingdom of Germany , the Kingdom of Burgundy , the Kingdom of Italy ; and became the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 , reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century . Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century . The Protestant Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century led to the Hussite Wars , the first of many conflicts with the Catholic Church . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy . The Protestant Bohemian Revolt ( 1618-20 ) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years ' War . After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Habsburgs consolidated their rule , eradicated Protestantism , reimposed Catholicism , and adopted a policy of gradual Germanization ."}]}, {'value': '2:03:15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kirsten Sweetland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kirsten_Sweetland', 'summary': 'Kirsten Sweetland ( born 24 September 1988 in Nanaimo , British Columbia ) is a Canadian professional triathlete , the Junior World Champion of the year 2006 , and the 2010 U23 World Championship silver medalist . In the six years from 2005 to 2010 , Sweetland took part in 26 ITU competitions and achieved 13 top ten positions . In 2010 , Sweetland won the silver medals at the U23 World Championships and at the Premium Pan American Cup in Kelowna . In France , Sweetland represents the club Tri Olympique Club Cessonnais in the prestigious French Club Championship Series Lyonnaise des Eaux and took part in one of the five triathlons of this circuit . At the Grand Final in La Baule ( Triathlon Audencia ) on 18 September 2010 , she placed 8th and was the best triathlete of her club , which placed 5th thanks to the guest athletes Sweetland and Aileen Morrison . In 2015 , she was member of ECS Triathlon club in Sartrouville in France . In 2016 , she was named to the Canadian Olympic team .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '2:01:59', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emma Snowsill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emma_Snowsill', 'summary': "Emma Laura Snowsill OAM ( born 15 June 1981 ) is an Australian professional triathlete and multiple gold medalist in the World Championships and the Commonwealth Games . She won the gold medal in triathlon at the 2008 Olympics . Snowsill is married to the 2008 Olympic champion in men 's triathlon , Jan Frodeno ."}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': '2:00:44', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emma Snowsill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emma_Snowsill', 'summary': "Emma Laura Snowsill OAM ( born 15 June 1981 ) is an Australian professional triathlete and multiple gold medalist in the World Championships and the Commonwealth Games . She won the gold medal in triathlon at the 2008 Olympics . Snowsill is married to the 2008 Olympic champion in men 's triathlon , Jan Frodeno ."}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:59:20', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'ITU women', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Mooloolaba_Triathlon_1', 'intro': 'The Mooloolaba Triathlon is an annual triathlon held in Mooloolaba, Queensland, Australia since 1993. It begins with open water swimming, then cycling and running. USM EVENTS owns and manages the Mooloolaba Triathlon Festival. The Mooloolaba Triathlon Festival (MTF) celebrated its 20th year in 2012 and attracted approximately 7,000 age group and team competitors. Catering for participants of all abilities and age groups, the Mooloolaba Triathlon has grown into the second largest Olympic distance triathlon event in Australia. The Mooloolaba Triathlon is the centrepiece of a three-day multi-sport festival. In addition to attracting international and Australian elite sportsmen and women, the festival provides a range of opportunities for the not so elite athlete, including the Age Group Triathlon, Asics Twilight 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) Run, the Peregian Springs Mooloolaba Ocean Swim, and for the kids, The Courier- Mail Mooloolaba Superkidz Triathlon. The MTF also hosts a three-day Expo from Friday through to Sunday. The Expo is popular with a variety of festival partners and exhibitors showing, promoting and selling their products. Also staged in conjunction with the festival, is the International Triathlon Union Mooloolaba Triathlon World Cup; the only Australian leg of the ITU Triathlon World Cup Series. Being the first race of the series for the new year, this World Cup event consistently attracts thousands of spectators and a very strong international field. In 2011, the worlds top triathletes raced for a prize pool totalling US$100,000.'}	null	null	What is the population of the country from where the 2010 winning runner is from ?	10.7 million
09f0ab19bf5b0f69	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ugandans_by_net_worth', 'title': 'List of Ugandans by net worth', 'header': ['name', 'networth ( USD )', 'residence', 'source of wealth'], 'data': [{'value': 'Alykhan Karmali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alykhan_Karmali', 'summary': 'Alykhan Karmali is a businessman , entrepreneur , industrialist , and philanthropist in Uganda . He is the managing director of Mukwano Industries Uganda Limited , a member company of the Mukwano Group . He also served as a non-executive director of Exim Bank ( Uganda ) , a commercial bank in which the Mukwano Group maintains 36.5 percent shareholding .'}]}, {'value': '700 million ( 2012 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kampala', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mukwano Group , agribusiness , food processing , manufacturing , banking , real estate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mukwano_Group', 'summary': 'The Mukwano Group of Companies , commonly known as the Mukwano Group , is a conglomerate based in Uganda , with operations in other East African countries .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Commercial_agriculture', 'summary': 'Intensive agriculture , also known as intensive farming ( as opposed to extensive farming ) and industrial agriculture , is a type of agriculture , both of crop plants and of animals , with higher levels of input and output per cubic unit of agricultural land area . It is characterized by a low fallow ratio , higher use of inputs such as capital and labour , and higher crop yields per unit land area . Most commercial agriculture is intensive in one or more ways . Forms that rely heavily on industrial methods are often called industrial agriculture , which is characterised by innovations designed to increase yield . Techniques include planting multiple crops per year , reducing the frequency of fallow years , and improving cultivars . It also involves increased use of fertilizers , plant growth regulators , and pesticides and mechanised agriculture , controlled by increased and more detailed analysis of growing conditions , including weather , soil , water , weeds , and pests . This system is supported by ongoing innovation in agricultural machinery and farming methods , genetic technology , techniques for achieving economies of scale , logistics , and data collection and analysis technology . Intensive farms are widespread in developed nations and increasingly prevalent worldwide . Most of the meat , dairy products , eggs , fruits , and vegetables available in supermarkets are produced by such farms . Some intensive farms can use sustainable methods , although this may necessitate higher inputs of labor or lower yields . Intensive animal farming involves large numbers of animals raised on limited land , for example by rotational grazing , or in the Western world sometimes as concentrated animal feeding operations . These methods increase the yields of food and fiber per acre as compared to extensive animal husbandry ; concentrated feed is brought to seldom-moved animals , or with rotational grazing the animals are repeatedly moved to fresh forage .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Food_processing', 'summary': 'Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food , or of one form of food into other forms . Food processing includes many forms of processing foods , from grinding grain to make raw flour to home cooking to complex industrial methods used to make convenience foods . Primary food processing is necessary to make most foods edible , and secondary food processing turns the ingredients into familiar foods , such as bread . Tertiary food processing has been criticized for promoting overnutrition and obesity , containing too much sugar and salt , too little fiber , and otherwise being unhealthful in respect to dietary needs of humans and farm animals .'}]}, {'value': 'Amina Moghe Hersi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amina_Moghe_Hersi', 'summary': "Amina Hersi Moghe ( Somali : Aamina Xirsi Mooge , Arabic : أمينة موجي هرسي ) ( born 1964 ) is a Kenyan entrepreneur . She has launched several multimillion-dollar projects in Kampala , Uganda . Her investments include Oasis Shopping Mall in Kampala 's central business district and the Laburnam Courts Apartments , on Nakasero Hill adjacent to State House Kampala . She in the process of launching the first sugar factory in Northern Uganda . Atiak sugar factory will not only bring revenue and development for the region but is championed as the first large scale industrial project for Northern Uganda . She is also one of the city 's largest distributors of cement and other hardware materials . With successful business ventures throughout Uganda she has become a beacon of hope and a motivating role model for young African girls ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kampala', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Real estate , shopping malls , hotels , hardware stores , Atiak Sugar Factory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shopping_mall', 'summary': 'A shopping mall is a modern , chiefly North American , term for a form of shopping precinct or shopping center in which one or more buildings form a complex of shops with interconnecting walkways , usually indoors . In 2017 , shopping malls accounted for 8% of retailing space in the United States . A shopping arcade is a type of shopping precinct that developed earlier and in which the connecting walkways are not owned by a single proprietor and may be in the open air or covered by a ground-floor loggia . Many early shopping arcades such as the Burlington Arcade in London , the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan , and numerous arcades in Paris are famous and still trading . However , many smaller arcades have been demolished , replaced with large centers or malls , often accessible primarily by vehicle . Technical innovations such as electric lighting and escalators were introduced from the late 19th century . From the late 20th century , entertainment venues such as movie theaters and restaurants began to be added . As a single built structure , early shopping centers were often architecturally significant constructions , enabling wealthier patrons to buy goods in spaces protected from the weather .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hardware_store', 'summary': "Hardware stores ( in a number of countries , shops ) , sometimes known as DIY stores , sell household hardware for home improvement including : fasteners , building materials , hand tools , power tools , keys , locks , hinges , chains , plumbing supplies , electrical supplies , cleaning products , housewares , tools , utensils , paint , and lawn and garden products directly to consumers for use at home or for business . Many hardware stores have specialty departments unique to its region or its owner 's interests . These departments include hunting and fishing supplies , plants and nursery products , marine and boating supplies , pet food and supplies , farm and ranch supplies including animal feed , swimming pool chemicals , homebrewing supplies and canning supplies . The five largest hardware retailers in the world are The Home Depot , Lowe 's ( both of the United States ) , Kingfisher of the United Kingdom , Obi of Germany , and Leroy Merlin of France ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Atiak_Sugar_Factory', 'summary': 'Atiak Sugar Factory Limited ( ASFL ) , also Atiak Sugar Factory , or Atiak Sugar Limited , is a sugar manufacturing company in Uganda .'}]}, {'value': 'Amos Nzeyi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amos_Nzeyi', 'summary': 'Amos Nzeyi is a Ugandan businessman , entrepreneur , and industrialist . He is one of the wealthiest people in Uganda .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kampala', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Real estate , banking , bottling , bakery , hotels', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bottling', 'summary': 'Bottling lines are production lines that fill a product , generally a beverage , into bottles on a large scale . Many prepared foods are also bottled , such as sauces , syrups , marinades , oils and vinegars .'}]}, {'value': 'Anatoli Kamugisha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anatoli_Kamugisha', 'summary': 'Kamugisha Musa is a businessman , entrepreneur , and investor in Uganda , the third-largest economy in the East African Community . He is the managing director and chief executive officer of Akright Projects Limited , a Ugandan investor . He also serves as the Uganda Private Property Developers Association ( UPDA ) . He has been reported to be one of the wealthiest individuals in the country , with an estimated net worth of approximately US $ 77million as of January 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '83 million ( 2018 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kakangulu in Wakiso District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wakiso_District', 'summary': "Wakiso District is a district in the Central Region of Uganda that partly encircles Kampala , Uganda 's capital city . The town of Wakiso is the site of the district headquarters ."}]}, {'value': 'Akright Projects Limited', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akright_Projects_Limited', 'summary': 'Akright Projects Limited ( APL ) is a privately owned real estate development company in Uganda . It is a leading property development company in the country . APL is the largest indigenous property development company in Uganda .'}]}, {'value': 'Andrew Rugasira', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Rugasira', 'summary': "Andrew Rugasira is a Ugandan businessman and author . He is the author of the book A good African story : how a small company built a global coffee brand . In 2003 , he founded Good African Coffee , the first African-owned coffee brand to be stocked in UK supermarkets and US retailers . In 2007 , he was nominated as a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum . He has won several awards , including the Legatum Pioneers for Prosperity award , and in 2010 was nominated for a Financial Times/ArcelorMittal Boldness in Business award . He was Uganda Coffee Development Authority 's Ugandan Entrepreneur of the Year 2007 . He was Uganda 's chairman of the Eastern African Fine Coffees Association ( EAFCA ) , a member of Uganda 's Presidential Investor Roundtable ( PIRT ) and sits on the board of Maisha Film Lab . Rugasira lives in Kampala . He married Jacqueline Rwivanga in 1998 . They divorced in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': '10 million ( 2012 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kampala', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Good African Coffee , Rwenzori Coffee , investments', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ashish Thakkar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ashish_Thakkar', 'summary': "Ashish J. Thakkar is a Rwandan-based entrepreneur . He is the founder of Mara Group and Mara Foundation , and he is a co-founder of Atlas Mara . Thakkar was born in the United Kingdom , but he moved to East Africa as a teenager before founding Mara Group , a Pan-African conglomerate , at the age of 15 . Mara Group 's operations and investments span 22 African countries . He is the author of The Lion Awakes : Adventures in Africa 's Economic Miracle . Thakkar is a member of the World Economic Forum 's Young Global Leaders , and was included in Fortune magazine 's list of the top 40 Under 40 in 2013 . He was awarded the Base Leadership Award at the 2014 MTV Africa Music Awards event . Esquire named him Middle East Man of the Year in 2016 . In 2015 , Thakkar was appointed Chair of the United Nations Foundation 's Global Entrepreneurs Council . In 2017 , Thakkar was appointed Chair of the Presidential Youth Advisory Group at the African Development Bank"}]}, {'value': '260 million ( 2013 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dubai', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Real estate , hotels , banks , investments', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohammed Hamid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohammed_Hamid_(entrepreneur)', 'summary': 'Mohammed Hamid ( born 1976 ) is a Ugandan business magnate and investor . He is the chairman and majority shareholder in the companies of the Aya Group . According to Forbes in 2015 , he was the second richest African under 40 , after Tanzanian multi-millionaire Mohammed Dewji .'}]}, {'value': '400 million ( 2017 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kampala', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hotels , flour milling , transportation , international trade , bakery , mining', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bob Kabonero', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Kabonero', 'summary': 'Bob Kabonero is a businessman and entrepreneur in Uganda . According to a 2012 published report , he was one of the wealthiest people in Uganda .'}]}, {'value': '250 million ( 2019 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kampala', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'investments , casino , real estate', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bulaimu Muwanga Kibirige', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bulaimu_Muwanga_Kibirige', 'summary': 'Bulaimu Muwanga Kibirige , commonly known as BMK , is a Ugandan businessman , entrepreneur , and hotel owner . According to a 2012 published report , he was one of the wealthiest people in Uganda .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kampala', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hotels , real estate , construction equipment , foreign exchange bureaus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foreign_exchange_market', 'summary': "The foreign exchange market ( Forex , FX , or currency market ) is a global decentralized or over-the-counter ( OTC ) market for the trading of currencies . This market determines foreign exchange rates for every currency . It includes all aspects of buying , selling and exchanging currencies at current or determined prices . In terms of trading volume , it is by far the largest market in the world , followed by the credit market . The main participants in this market are the larger international banks . Financial centers around the world function as anchors of trading between a wide range of multiple types of buyers and sellers around the clock , with the exception of weekends . Since currencies are always traded in pairs , the foreign exchange market does not set a currency 's absolute value but rather determines its relative value by setting the market price of one currency if paid for with another . Ex : US $ 1 is worth X CAD , or CHF , or JPY , etc . The foreign exchange market works through financial institutions and operates on several levels . Behind the scenes , banks turn to a smaller number of financial firms known as dealers , who are involved in large quantities of foreign exchange trading . Most foreign exchange dealers are banks , so this behind-the-scenes market is sometimes called the interbank market ( although a few insurance companies and other kinds of financial firms are involved ) . Trades between foreign exchange dealers can be very large , involving hundreds of millions of dollars ."}]}, {'value': 'Charles Hamya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Hamya', 'summary': 'Charles Hamya , is a Ugandan businessman . He is the managing director of Multichoice Uganda Limited , a digital communications network provider in Uganda . He is reported to be one of the wealthiest individuals in Uganda .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kampala', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Multichoice Uganda Limited , real estate', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charles Mbire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Mbire', 'summary': 'Charles Magezi Mbire is a businessman , entrepreneur , and industrialist in Uganda . He was reported to be the wealthiest indigenous Ugandan , with an estimated net worth exceeding US $ 200 million as of January 2012 .'}]}, {'value': '350 million ( 2016 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kololo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kololo', 'summary': 'Kololo is a hill in Kampala , the largest city and capital of Uganda . The name also applies to the upscale residential and commercial neighborhood that sits on that hill .'}]}, {'value': 'Telecommunications , banking , pharmaceuticals , fish farming , investments , power generation , railways', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pharmaceuticals', 'summary': 'A medication ( also referred to as medicine , pharmaceutical drug , or simply drug ) is a drug used to diagnose , cure , treat , or prevent disease . Drug therapy ( pharmacotherapy ) is an important part of the medical field and relies on the science of pharmacology for continual advancement and on pharmacy for appropriate management . Drugs are classified in multiple ways . One of the key divisions is by level of control , which distinguishes prescription drugs ( those that a pharmacist dispenses only on the order of a physician , physician assistant , or qualified nurse ) from over-the-counter drugs ( those that consumers can order for themselves ) . Another key distinction is between traditional small-molecule drugs , usually derived from chemical synthesis , and biopharmaceuticals , which include recombinant proteins , vaccines , blood products used therapeutically ( such as IVIG ) , gene therapy , monoclonal antibodies and cell therapy ( for instance , stem-cell therapies ) . Other ways to classify medicines are by mode of action , route of administration , biological system affected , or therapeutic effects . An elaborate and widely used classification system is the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System ( ATC system ) . The World Health Organization keeps a list of essential medicines . Drug discovery and drug development are complex and expensive endeavors undertaken by pharmaceutical companies , academic scientists , and governments . As a result of this complex path from discovery to commercialization , partnering has become a standard practice for advancing drug candidates through development pipelines . Governments generally regulate what drugs can be marketed , how drugs are marketed , and in some jurisdictions , drug pricing . Controversies have arisen over drug pricing and disposal of used drugs .'}]}, {'value': 'Drake Lubega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drake_Lubega', 'summary': 'Drake Lubega is a Ugandan businessman . According to a 2012 published report , he was one of the wealthiest people in Uganda .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kololo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Real estate', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elvis Sekyanzi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elvis_Sekyanzi', 'summary': 'Elvis Sekyanzi , also known as Elvis Sekyanzi Wavamunno , is a qualified sound engineer , businessman , and entrepreneur in Uganda . He was reported in 2012 to be one of the wealthiest people in that country .'}]}, {'value': '8 million ( 2012 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kampala', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Entertainment , broadcasting , nightclubs , mineral water', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Godfrey Kirumira', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Godfrey_Kirumira', 'summary': 'Godfey Kirumira , also known as Godfrey Kirumira Kalule , is a Ugandan businessman . According to a 2012 published report , he is one of the wealthiest people in Uganda .'}]}, {'value': '30 million ( 2012 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Muyenga', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Real estate , hotels , schools , transportation , international trade , security guards', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gordon Wavamunno', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gordon_Wavamunno', 'summary': 'Gordon Babala Kasibante Wavamunno , but often referred to simply as Gordon Wavamunno ( born 16 December 1943 ) , is a Ugandan entrepreneur , businessman , and philanthropist . He is reported to be one of the wealthiest people in Uganda . He also serves as the honorary consul of Hungary to Uganda .'}]}, {'value': '100+ million ( 2012 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Munyonyo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Munyonyo', 'summary': 'Munyonyo is an area on the northern shores of Lake Victoria and part of the metropolitan area of Kampala , in Makindye Division . Kampala is the capital and largest city of Uganda .'}]}, {'value': 'Automobile dealerships , broadcasting , real estate , insurance , dairy farming , mineral water', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Automobile_dealership', 'summary': 'A car dealership or vehicle local distribution is a business that sells new or used cars at the retail level , based on a dealership contract with an automaker or its sales subsidiary . It employs automobile salespeople to sell their automotive vehicles . It may also provide maintenance services for cars , and employ automotive technicians to stock and sell spare automobile parts and process warranty claims .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dairy_farm', 'summary': 'Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk , which is processed ( either on the farm or at a dairy plant , either of which may be called a dairy ) for eventual sale of a dairy product .'}]}, {'value': 'Isaac Mulindwa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isaac_Mulindwa', 'summary': "Isaac Mulindwa is a businessman and former politician in Uganda . He is the founder and owner of Makinawa Motors Limited , an automobile dealership based in the Kololo neighborhood in Uganda 's capital , Kampala ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kololo & Mbarara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kololo', 'summary': 'Kololo is a hill in Kampala , the largest city and capital of Uganda . The name also applies to the upscale residential and commercial neighborhood that sits on that hill .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mbarara', 'summary': 'Mbarara is a city in the Western Region of Uganda . It is the main municipal , administrative , and commercial centre of Mbarara District and the site of the district headquarters .'}]}, {'value': 'Automobile sales , commercial farming , ranching , rice processing , Makinawa University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Automobile', 'summary': 'A car ( or automobile ) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation . Most definitions of cars say that they run primarily on roads , seat one to eight people , have four tires , and mainly transport people rather than goods . Cars came into global use during the 20th century , and developed economies depend on them . The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen . Cars became widely available in the early 20th century . One of the first cars accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T , an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company . Cars were rapidly adopted in the US , where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts , but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world . [ citation needed ] Cars have controls for driving , parking , passenger comfort , and a variety of lights . Over the decades , additional features and controls have been added to vehicles , making them progressively more complex , but also more reliable and easier to operate . [ citation needed ] These include rear reversing cameras , air conditioning , navigation systems , and in-car entertainment . Most cars in use in the 2010s are propelled by an internal combustion engine , fueled by the combustion of fossil fuels . Electric cars , which were invented early in the history of the car , became commercially available in the 2000s and are predicted to cost less to buy than gasoline cars before 2025 .'}]}, {'value': 'Isaac Mulindwa Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isaac_Mulindwa_Jr.', 'summary': 'Isaac Mulindwa Jr. is a businessman and entrepreneur in Uganda . In 2007 , the New Vision newspaper reported him to be one of the wealthiest individuals in that country .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ggaba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ggaba', 'summary': 'Ggaba is a neighborhood within the city of Kampala in the Central Region of Uganda .'}]}, {'value': 'Construction , entertainment , broadcasting , Makinawa University', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hassan Basajjabalaba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hassan_Basajjabalaba', 'summary': "Hassan Basajjabalaba is a businessman and politician in Uganda . According to the New Vision newspaper , he is one of the wealthiest people in Uganda . He is also the chairperson of the ruling National Resistance Movement 's entrepreneurs ' league ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kampala', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Universities , schools , real estate , animal skins and hides , hotels', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ian Clarke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ian_Clarke_(physician)', 'summary': 'Ian Clarke is a physician , missionary , philanthropist , entrepreneur , and politician in Uganda . Since May 2011 , he has been mayor of Makindye Division , one of the five administrative units of the Kampala Capital City Authority .'}]}, {'value': '15 million ( 2014 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Makindye', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Makindye', 'summary': "Makindye is a hill in Kampala , Uganda 's largest city and capital . The name also refers to the neighborhood that sits on that hill . Makindye is also the seat of Makindye Division , one of the five administrative zones of the city of Kampala ."}]}, {'value': 'University , hospitals , real estate , healthcare , health insurance , ambulances , hotels', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ibrahim Kironde Kabanda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ibrahim_Kironde_Kabanda', 'summary': 'Ibrahim Kironde Kabanda , is a businessman and entrepreneur in Uganda . He is a former chairman of the Uganda Revenue Authority , having served in that position from 2004 until 2010 .'}]}, {'value': '5+ million ( 2015 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kampala', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Investments , real estate', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'The per capita income in Uganda in 1999 was approximately US $ 60 annually . [ 1 ] In 2013 , an estimated 19.5 percent of the 35 million Ugandans lived on less than US $ 1.00 per day . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Compiled here is a list of individuals in Uganda whose accumulated assets are known to be markedly above the rest of the individuals in the country . The list is not exhaustive , and net worth values are hard to determine . [ 3 ] The names are arranged alphabetically , using the first name to select rank .', 'uid': 'List_of_wealthiest_people_in_Uganda_0', 'intro': 'The per capita income in Uganda in 1999 was approximately US$60 annually. In 2013, an estimated 19.5 percent of the 35 million Ugandans lived on less than US$1.00 per day. Compiled here is a list of individuals in Uganda whose accumulated assets are known to be markedly above the rest of the individuals in the country. The list is not exhaustive, and net worth values are hard to determine. The names are arranged alphabetically, using the first name to select rank.'}	null	null	What is the net worth of the Ugandan who also serves as the honorary consul of Hungary to Uganda ?	100+ million ( 2012 )
09f43df398170a31	hybridqa	{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_EHF_Champions_League", 'title': "Women's EHF Champions League", 'header': ['Club', 'Winners', 'Runners-up', 'Years won', 'Years runners-up'], 'data': [{'value': 'Spartak Kiev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spartak_Kiev', 'summary': "Spartak Kiev is a Ukrainian women 's handball club from Kiev . It used to be a member of the Spartak VSS during the Soviet era . Spartak was arguably the best team in Europe between the 1970s and the late-1980s , with a record 13 European Cups in addition to twenty Soviet Championships in a row . The 1989 final lost to emerging Austrian powerhouse Hypo Niederösterreich marked Spartak 's last appearance in the competition . Following the collapse of the Soviet Union the team declined . It has since won three Ukrainian championships , most recently in 2000 . However , in 2003 it enjoyed a last European success reaching the Cup Winner 's Cup 's final . In recent seasons it has appeared in the Challenge Cup ."}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1970 , 1971 , 1972 , 1973 , 1975 , 1977 , 1979 , 1981 , 1983 , 1985 , 1986 , 1987 , 1988', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1984–85_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1984-85 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 24th edition of the Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , running between October 1984 and Spring 1985 . Spartak Kiev defeated defending champion Radnicki Belgrade in the final to win its tenth title ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1985–86_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1985-86 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 25th edition of the Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , running between October 1985 and Spring 1986 . Defending champion Spartak Kiev defeated CS Stiinta Bacau in the final to win its eleventh title ."}]}, {'value': '1974 , 1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hypo Niederösterreich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hypo_Niederösterreich', 'summary': "Hypo Niederösterreich ( Hypo NÖ ) is an Austrian women 's handball club , headquartered in Maria Enzersdorf . They are one of the most successful teams on the EHF Champions League , having won the title eight times . They are also former winners of the EHF Champions Trophy in 2000 . Between 2011 and 2014 , Hypo NÖ had a partnership with the Brazilian Handball Confederation , playing host to various players of the Brazil women 's national handball team - including Alexandra Nascimento , who already played for Hypo since 2003 - and coach Morten Soubak . During the period , Brazil won the 2013 World Women 's Handball Championship with six Hypo Nö players in its roster . Hypo Nö also won the EHF Women 's Cup Winners ' Cup that year ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989 , 1990 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , 1998 , 2000', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1989–90_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1989-90 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 29th edition of the Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , running between October 1989 and 27 May 1990 . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich defeated Kuban Krasnodar in the final to win its second title ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1991–92_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1991-92 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 31st edition of Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , taking place between September 1991 and 18 April 1992 . Hypo Niederösterreich defeated defending champion TV Giessen-Lützellinden in a rematch of the previous edition 's final to win its third title ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1992–93_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1992-93 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 32nd and final edition of Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , taking place September 1992 and 15 May 1993 . Starting with the following edition the competition was run by EHF , which changed its name to Champions League and its system to include a group stage . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich defeated Vasas Budapest in the final to win its fourth title in five years ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1993–94_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1993-94 EHF Women 's Champions League was the first edition of the European Champions Cup , the premier European women 's club handball tournament , being organized by the European Handball Federation . The competition was renamed EHF Champions League and the format of the football 1991-92 European Cup and 1992-93 UEFA Champions League was adopted . This inaugural edition of the Champions League was won by Hypo Niederösterreich in a replay of the previous season 's final match against Vasas Budapest . It was their third European Cup in a row ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1994–95_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1994-95 EHF Women 's Champions League was the second edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 7 October 1994 to 7 May 1995 . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich defeated Podravka Koprivnica in the final to win its fourth title in a row , an overall sixth . While Lokomotiva Zagreb had reached the competition 's final in 1975 , Podravka became the first Croatian team to attain this representing independent Croatia as war approached its end ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1997–98_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1997-98 EHF Women 's Champions League was the fifth edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 4 October 1997 to 16 May 1998 . Hypo Niederösterreich defeated defending champion Mar Valencia in the final to win its seventh title ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1999–2000_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1999-2000 EHF Women 's Champions League was the seventh edition of the modern era of the premier competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 1 October 1999 to 27 May 2000 . Hypo Niederösterreich defeated Macedonia 's Gjorce Petrov in the final to win its eighth title , with Budućnost Podgorica ( which defeated defending champion Dunaújvárosi NKS in the quarter-finals ) and Dynamo Volgograd also reaching the semifinals ."}]}, {'value': '1987 , 1988 , 1991 , 1996 , 2008', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1990–91_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1990-91 IHF Women 's European Champions Cup was the 30th edition of Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , running between September 1990 and April 1991 . TV Giessen defeated defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich to become the third German club to win the competition after East Germany 's HC Leipzig and TSC Berlin . Rostselmash and Buducnost Titograd were the last teams to represent former powerhouses Soviet Union and SFR Yugoslavia in the competition due to the collapse of both states in the following months ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1995–96_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1995-96 EHF Women 's Champions League was the third edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 7 October 1995 to 11 May 1996 . Podravka Koprivnica defeated Hypo Niederösterreich in a rematch of the previous edition 's final to become the first Croatian club to win the competition , ending the Austrians four-years winning streak ."}]}, {'value': 'Győri Audi ETO KC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Győri_Audi_ETO_KC', 'summary': "Győri ETO KC ( Hungarian : Győri Egyetértés Torna Osztály Kézilabda Club , lit . Concordance Gymnastics Department of Győr Handball Club ) is a Hungarian women 's handball club from Győr . Since they are sponsored by Audi , the official name for the team is Győri Audi ETO KC . On domestic level ETO won 15 Hungarian Championship title , including seven in a row between 2008 and 2014 . They are also a fourteen-time Hungarian Cup winners , having won all their finals between 2005 and 2016 . ETO won the Champions League in 2013 , 2014 , 2017 , 2018 , and 2019 . The team also reached the final in 2009 , 2012 , and in 2016 . In addition , Győr reached the final of the EHF Cup Winners ' Cup in 2006 and the final of the EHF Cup in 1999 , 2002 , 2004 , and 2005 ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013 , 2014 , 2017 , 2018 , 2019', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2012–13_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2012-13 EHF Women 's Champions League was the 20th edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Budućnost Podgorica was title holder , after beating Győri Audi ETO KC in past season 's final . Győri redeemed themselves by winning this seasons 's edition . They defeated Larvik HK 47-43 in the final ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2013–14_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2013-14 EHF Women 's Champions League is the 21st edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Győri Audi ETO KC were the title holder and successfully defended their title ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2016–17_Women's_EHF_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2016-17 Women 's EHF Champions League was the 24th edition of the Women 's EHF Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . CSM București were defending champions ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2017–18_Women's_EHF_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2017-18 EHF Champions League was the 25th edition of Europe 's premier club handball tournament . Győri ETO defended their title by defeating HC Vardar in the final ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2018–19_Women's_EHF_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2018-19 Women 's EHF Champions League was the 26th edition of the Women 's EHF Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Győri ETO defended their title by defeating Rostov-Don 25-24 in the final , to win their fifth overall and third straight title ."}]}, {'value': '2009 , 2012 , 2016', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2008–09_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The EHF Women 's Champions League 2008/09 was the 16th edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , a handball competition for top women 's clubs of Europe managed by the European Handball Federation . It was won by Danish club Viborg HK who defeated Hungarian Győri Audi ETO KC at the finals with an aggregate score of 50-49 . It was the second title for Viborg and the fifth for a Danish team . German international Grit Jurack was the tournament 's top scorer with 113 goals ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2011–12_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2011-12 EHF Women 's Champions League was the nineteenth edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , the top continental handball event for club teams in Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Larvik HK entered the competition as title holders after beating SD Itxako in past season 's final . Budućnost Podgorica won the title for the first time by defeating Győri Audi ETO KC in the big final ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2015–16_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2015-16 Women 's EHF Champions League was the 23rd edition of the Women 's EHF Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . CSM Bucharest won trophy in their European debut season by defeating Győri ETO 29-26 in the big final ."}]}, {'value': 'Radnički Belgrade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ŽRK_Radnički_Belgrade', 'summary': "ŽRK Radnički Belgrade ( Serbian Cyrillic : Женски рукометни клуб Раднички Београд ) is a women 's handball club from Belgrade , Serbia . Currently , ŽRK Radnički Belegrade competes in the Handball League of Serbia . ŽRK Radnički Belegrade is the most successful Serbian women 's handball club ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976 , 1980 , 1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981 , 1982 , 1983 , 1985', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1984–85_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1984-85 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 24th edition of the Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , running between October 1984 and Spring 1985 . Spartak Kiev defeated defending champion Radnicki Belgrade in the final to win its tenth title ."}]}, {'value': 'Viborg HK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viborg_HK', 'summary': "Viborg HK ( Viborg Håndbold Klub ) is the name of a Danish handball club from Viborg . The club has many teams for both women and men , but especially the professional women 's team is one of the most successful in Danish and European handball since the beginning of the 1990s . This team currently competes in the women 's Danish Women 's Handball League . The women 's team have won a total of 14 Danish Championships ( all-time record ) , ten Danish Cup Championships ( ranking second in all-time Cup trophies behind FIF ) , three Women 's EHF Cup Championships ( all-time record ) , and three EHF Women 's Champions League Championships ( ranking fifth in all-time Champions League trophies ) . They are also two-time winners of the now cancelled tournament EHF Champions Trophy and one-time winner of the EHF Women 's Cup Winners ' Cup . They won the EHF Women 's Champions League in the 2009/2010 season and won the second time in a row . They also held the title in the 2005-2006 season ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006 , 2009 , 2010', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2008–09_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The EHF Women 's Champions League 2008/09 was the 16th edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , a handball competition for top women 's clubs of Europe managed by the European Handball Federation . It was won by Danish club Viborg HK who defeated Hungarian Győri Audi ETO KC at the finals with an aggregate score of 50-49 . It was the second title for Viborg and the fifth for a Danish team . German international Grit Jurack was the tournament 's top scorer with 113 goals ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2009–10_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2009-10 EHF Women 's Champions League was the 17th edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , a handball competition for top women 's clubs of Europe managed by the European Handball Federation . It was won by Danish club Viborg HK who defeated Romanian CS Oltchim Râmnicu Vâlcea at the finals with an aggregate score of 60-52 . It was the third title for Viborg and the sixth for a Danish team ."}]}, {'value': '1997 , 2001', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1996–97_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1996-97 EHF Women 's Champions League was the fourth edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 10 October 1996 to 10 May 1997 . The competition system was reformed , as the group stage was expanded from 8 to 16 teams , now replacing the Round of 16 , and the quarter-finals and semifinals were reestablished . Mar Valencia defeated Viborg HK in the final to become the first Spanish team to win the competition . Defending champion Podravka Koprivnica was defeated by the Danish in the quarter-finals ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2000–01_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1999-2000 EHF Women 's Champions League was the eighth edition of the modern era of the EHF 's premier competition for women 's handball clubs , running from 7 October 2000 to 23 May 2001 . Krim Ljubljana defeated Viborg HK in the final to become the first Slovenian team to win the competition , with Budućnost Podgorica and Ferencvárosi TC also reaching the semifinals . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich did n't make it past que group stage ."}]}, {'value': 'Slagelse DT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slagelse_FH', 'summary': "Slagelse Dream Team is a handball team from the town of Slagelse , Denmark . It is sometimes referred to as Slagelse DT , and is the professional first team for the handball club Slagelse Forenede Håndboldklubber ( Slagelse FH ) . The club was catapulted into the limelight in 2000 when Anja Andersen took the head coach job and in a very short time led the women 's team to the first Danish victory in the Women 's EHF Champions League final in 2004 ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004 , 2005 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SC Leipzig', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Handball_Club_Leipzig', 'summary': "HC Leipzig is a women 's handball club based in Leipzig , Germany . They play in Handball-Bundesliga Frauen and are often competing in the EHF Women 's Champions League , the now defunct EHF Women 's Cup Winners ' Cup , which merged with the Women 's EHF Cup and are internationally regarded as one of the best German women 's handball clubs ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1966 , 1974', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1965–66_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1965-66 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 6th edition of the Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , taking place from 9 January to 16 April 1966 . HC Copenhague entered the competition as title holder , after beating in past season 's final Budapesti Spartacus . Copenhague reached once again the final , but this year the Danish team was defeated by SC Leipzig . It was the first time that an East-German team won the title ."}]}, {'value': '1967 , 1970 , 1972 , 1977', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1966–67_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1966-67 Women 's Handball European Cup was the seventh edition of the international competition for European women 's handball national champion clubs , taking place from December 1966 to 2 April 1967 . The title holder , SC Leipzig reached once again the final of the competition , but was defeated in the final by Žalgiris Kaunas . This victory meant the beginning of the soviet domination , until the collapse of the USSR ."}]}, {'value': 'Krim Ljubljana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RK_Krim', 'summary': "Rokometni klub Krim ( English : Krim Handball Club ) , commonly referred to as RK Krim or simply Krim , currently named Krim Mercator due to sponsorship reasons , is a women 's handball club from Ljubljana , Slovenia . The club was founded in 1984 . Krim has won the Slovenian First League 24 times in 28 seasons between 1992 and 2019 . Their international success includes winning the EHF Champions League and EHF Women 's Champions Trophy ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001 , 2003', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2000–01_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1999-2000 EHF Women 's Champions League was the eighth edition of the modern era of the EHF 's premier competition for women 's handball clubs , running from 7 October 2000 to 23 May 2001 . Krim Ljubljana defeated Viborg HK in the final to become the first Slovenian team to win the competition , with Budućnost Podgorica and Ferencvárosi TC also reaching the semifinals . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich did n't make it past que group stage ."}]}, {'value': '1999 , 2004 , 2006', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1998–99_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1998-99 EHF Women 's Champions League was the sixth edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 4 September 1998 to 16 May 1999 . Dunaújvárosi NKS defeated Krim Ljubljana in the final to follow the steps of Vasas SC as the second Hungarian club to win the competition . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich was defeated by the Slovenians in the semifinals ."}]}, {'value': 'ŽRK Budućnost', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ŽRK_Budućnost', 'summary': "ŽRK Budućnost is a women 's handball team from Podgorica , Montenegro ( previously , the club also appeared under the names ZRK Buducnost MONET , Buducnost Brillant and Buducnost Titograd ) . Among the numerous titles , Budućnost is two-times winner of EHF Women 's Champions League The club was founded on February 13 , 1949 , and played its first official game in 1950 . The first trophy , the Cup of Yugoslavia , was won in 1984 . In 1985 , ŽRK Budućnost won the Yugoslavian championship , and went on to win their first European title ( Cup Winners ' Cup ) that same year . At the time , the club was pronounced as the best in the country . As of 1988/1989 season , ŽRK Budućnost dominated the national competition , and was the champion of all the now defunct countries - SFR Yugoslavia , FR Yugoslavia , Serbia & Montenegro . The club continued to dominate the national championship in Montenegro since it gained independence in 2006 . ŽRK Budućnost won the titles of European Champion twice - on seasons 2012 and 2015 . ŽRK Budućnost is strongly supported by Budućnost sports fans , the Varvari . ŽRK Budućnost is a part of Budućnost Podgorica sports society ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012 , 2015', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2011–12_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2011-12 EHF Women 's Champions League was the nineteenth edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , the top continental handball event for club teams in Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Larvik HK entered the competition as title holders after beating SD Itxako in past season 's final . Budućnost Podgorica won the title for the first time by defeating Győri Audi ETO KC in the big final ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2014–15_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2014-15 Women 's EHF Champions League was the 22nd edition of the Women 's EHF Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Budućnost won the title for the second time by defeating Larvik HK 26-22 in the big final ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2013–14_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2013-14 EHF Women 's Champions League is the 21st edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Győri Audi ETO KC were the title holder and successfully defended their title ."}]}, {'value': 'Žalgiris Kaunas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MRK_Žalgiris_Kaunas', 'summary': "Moterų Rankinio Klubas Žalgiris Kaunas is a Lithuanian women 's handball club from Kaunas . A founding member of the European Cup in 1961 , Žalgiris won three editions in a row between 1967 and 1969 in addition to two Soviet Championships , which makes it one of the most successful Lithuanian teams in overall international competitions . However the team declined subsequently , with Spartak Kiev dominating both competitions for nearly two decades . In 1979 Žalgiris made it into the championship 's top three for the last time , with Egle Vilnius becoming the major Lithuanian team in the championship . Since the break-up of the Soviet Union Žalgiris has played in the Lithuanian League ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1967 , 1968', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1966–67_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1966-67 Women 's Handball European Cup was the seventh edition of the international competition for European women 's handball national champion clubs , taking place from December 1966 to 2 April 1967 . The title holder , SC Leipzig reached once again the final of the competition , but was defeated in the final by Žalgiris Kaunas . This victory meant the beginning of the soviet domination , until the collapse of the USSR ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vasas Budapest', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Vasas_SC_(women's_handball)", 'summary': "Vasas-Angyalföldi Sportiskola ( English : Vasas-Sports School of Angyalföld , abbreviated Vasas-ASI ) is a Hungarian women 's handball team . It is part of the Budapest-based multi-sports club Vasas SC . One of the most successful teams in the country , they have won the Hungarian championship a record 15 times and in 1982 they were also crowned as the European Champions Cup winners ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1978 , 1979 , 1993 , 1994', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1992–93_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1992-93 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 32nd and final edition of Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , taking place September 1992 and 15 May 1993 . Starting with the following edition the competition was run by EHF , which changed its name to Champions League and its system to include a group stage . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich defeated Vasas Budapest in the final to win its fourth title in five years ."}, {'url': "/wiki/1993–94_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1993-94 EHF Women 's Champions League was the first edition of the European Champions Cup , the premier European women 's club handball tournament , being organized by the European Handball Federation . The competition was renamed EHF Champions League and the format of the football 1991-92 European Cup and 1992-93 UEFA Champions League was adopted . This inaugural edition of the Champions League was won by Hypo Niederösterreich in a replay of the previous season 's final match against Vasas Budapest . It was their third European Cup in a row ."}]}, {'value': 'Sagunto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BM_Sagunto', 'summary': "Club Balonmano Sagunto was a Spanish women 's handball club from Sagunto founded in 1978 which in July , 2012 moved to Valencia and joint CE Handbol Marítim to play in División de Honor as Valencia Aicequip ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1996–97_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1996-97 EHF Women 's Champions League was the fourth edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 10 October 1996 to 10 May 1997 . The competition system was reformed , as the group stage was expanded from 8 to 16 teams , now replacing the Round of 16 , and the quarter-finals and semifinals were reestablished . Mar Valencia defeated Viborg HK in the final to become the first Spanish team to win the competition . Defending champion Podravka Koprivnica was defeated by the Danish in the quarter-finals ."}]}, {'value': '1998 , 2003', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1997–98_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1997-98 EHF Women 's Champions League was the fifth edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 4 October 1997 to 16 May 1998 . Hypo Niederösterreich defeated defending champion Mar Valencia in the final to win its seventh title ."}]}, {'value': 'Kometal Skopje', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kometal_Gjorče_Petrov_Skopje', 'summary': 'Kometal Gjorče Petrov Skopje ( Macedonian : Ракометен Клуб Кометал Ѓорче Петров ) was a female handball club based in Skopje , the capital of Macedonia .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000 , 2005', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1999–2000_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1999-2000 EHF Women 's Champions League was the seventh edition of the modern era of the premier competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 1 October 1999 to 27 May 2000 . Hypo Niederösterreich defeated Macedonia 's Gjorce Petrov in the final to win its eighth title , with Budućnost Podgorica ( which defeated defending champion Dunaújvárosi NKS in the quarter-finals ) and Dynamo Volgograd also reaching the semifinals ."}]}, {'value': 'Larvik HK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larvik_HK', 'summary': "Larvik Håndballklubb , is a women 's handball club from Larvik , Norway ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2010–11_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The EHF Women 's Champions League 2010-11 is the 18th edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , a handball competition for top women 's clubs of Europe managed by the European Handball Federation . Larvik HK won the title for the first time after defeating SD Itxako 47-46 on aggregate in the final ."}]}, {'value': '2013 , 2015', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2012–13_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2012-13 EHF Women 's Champions League was the 20th edition of the EHF Women 's Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Budućnost Podgorica was title holder , after beating Győri Audi ETO KC in past season 's final . Győri redeemed themselves by winning this seasons 's edition . They defeated Larvik HK 47-43 in the final ."}, {'url': "/wiki/2014–15_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 2014-15 Women 's EHF Champions League was the 22nd edition of the Women 's EHF Champions League , the competition for top women 's clubs of Europe , organized and supervised by the European Handball Federation . Budućnost won the title for the second time by defeating Larvik HK 26-22 in the big final ."}]}, {'value': 'HG København', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1964–65_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1964-65 Women 's Handball European Champions Cup was the fifth edition of the international competition for European women 's handball national champion clubs , taking place from late 1964 to 16 April 1965 . The number of contestants decreased from thirteen to ten due to the absences of Austria , Poland and Romania , so the qualifying stage was reduced from five ties to just two . Unlike the two previous editions , the final was carried out as a two-legged tie . HG Copenhague became the first team from the Western Bloc to win the competition in the third appearance in a row of the Danish representative in the final , while Budapesti Spartacus was the first Hungarian team to reach it . The absence of Romania meant there was no defending champion this year ."}]}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1965–66_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1965-66 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 6th edition of the Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , taking place from 9 January to 16 April 1966 . HC Copenhague entered the competition as title holder , after beating in past season 's final Budapesti Spartacus . Copenhague reached once again the final , but this year the Danish team was defeated by SC Leipzig . It was the first time that an East-German team won the title ."}]}, {'value': 'TV Giessen-Lützellinden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Giessen-Lützellinden', 'summary': "TV Lützellinden 1904 e.V. , also known as TV Giessen-Lützellinden , was a German sports club from Giessen best known for its women 's handball team . It was established in 1904 . Lützellinden won seven national championships and five national cups between 1988 and 2001 , which makes it the Bundesliga 's most successful team after Bayer Leverkusen . In 1991 it reached the European Cup 's final and defeated defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich to become the first ex-West German club to win the major European trophy . Lützellinden also reached the final the following year , but lost to Niederösterreich . In 1993 Lützellinden won its second EHF trophy , the Cup Winners ' Cup , beating Rostselmash in the final . It subsequently reached the 1994 Champions League 's semifinals and the 1995 Cup Winners ' Cup 's final , lost to Dunaújvárosi NKS , before winning its second Cup Winners ' Cup in 1996 over Kraš Zagreb . Its best results in its seven last international appearances , between 1997 and 2003 , was reaching the 2002 EHF Cup 's semifinals . In 2004 Lützellinden was relegated to the Regionalliga for financial trouble , and two years later it was disbanded . A new club was created , TSV 2006 Lützellinden ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1990–91_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1990-91 IHF Women 's European Champions Cup was the 30th edition of Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , running between September 1990 and April 1991 . TV Giessen defeated defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich to become the third German club to win the competition after East Germany 's HC Leipzig and TSC Berlin . Rostselmash and Buducnost Titograd were the last teams to represent former powerhouses Soviet Union and SFR Yugoslavia in the competition due to the collapse of both states in the following months ."}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1991–92_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1991-92 Women 's European Champions Cup was the 31st edition of Europe 's competition for national champions women 's handball clubs , taking place between September 1991 and 18 April 1992 . Hypo Niederösterreich defeated defending champion TV Giessen-Lützellinden in a rematch of the previous edition 's final to win its third title ."}]}, {'value': 'Podravka Koprivnica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RK_Podravka_Koprivnica', 'summary': "Rukometni Klub Podravka Koprivnica is a Croatian women 's handball club from Koprivnica . It is the most successful club in Croatian women 's handball since formation of the league in 1992 . The team currently competes in the Croatia women 's first handball league . They have a fan club called Red Roosters formed in 2002 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1995–96_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1995-96 EHF Women 's Champions League was the third edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 7 October 1995 to 11 May 1996 . Podravka Koprivnica defeated Hypo Niederösterreich in a rematch of the previous edition 's final to become the first Croatian club to win the competition , ending the Austrians four-years winning streak ."}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1994–95_EHF_Women's_Champions_League", 'summary': "The 1994-95 EHF Women 's Champions League was the second edition of the modern era of the 1961-founded competition for European national champions women 's handball clubs , running from 7 October 1994 to 7 May 1995 . Defending champion Hypo Niederösterreich defeated Podravka Koprivnica in the final to win its fourth title in a row , an overall sixth . While Lokomotiva Zagreb had reached the competition 's final in 1975 , Podravka became the first Croatian team to attain this representing independent Croatia as war approached its end ."}]}, {'value': 'Știința București', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CS_Universitatea_Știința_București', 'summary': "CS Universitatea Știința București , commonly known as Știința București , is a women 's handball team based in Bucharest , Romania that competes in the Divizia A . In 1961 , they became the first Romanian team to win the European Champions Cup ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1961', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1961_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1961 Women 's Handball European Champions Cup was the inaugural edition of the premier competition for women 's handball clubs . Eight teams from Austria , Czechoslovakia , France , West Germany , Poland , Romania , the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia took part in the competition , which took place from 19 January to 18 March 1961 . Știința Bucharest defeated Spartak Subotica , Zalgiris Kaunas and finally Dynamo Prague in the final 's both legs to become the first European champion . It was the first of three titles won by Romanian teams to date ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sparta Prague', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1962', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1961–62_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1961-62 Women 's Handball European Champions Cup was the second edition of the premier international competition for women 's handball clubs . Like the inaugural edition , eight teams took part in the championship , which took place from November 1961 to 1 April 1962 . Out of the eight founding members the Soviet Union did n't take part in the competition , while Romania was represented by national champion Rapid Bucharest and defending champion Ştiinţa Bucharest . Both teams were confronted in the quarter-finals , in the first match between two teams from the same country . Sparta Prague won the competition by beating ORK Belgrade in the final . This remains the only edition won by a club from former Czechoslovakia and the last appearance of a Czech team in a final ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trud Moscow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trud_Moscow', 'summary': "KSK Luch Moscow is a Russian women 's handball club from Moscow . Founded in 1959 as Trud Moscow , it took its current name in 1966 . The team enjoyed its golden era in the 1960s , winning the third edition of the European Cup and five of the seven first editions of the Soviet Championship . Luch gradually declined in subsequent years , making it into the championship 's top three for the last time in 1975 . Following the break-up of the Soviet Union Luch has played in the Russian Super League . The team has appeared occasionally in European competitions since , with the 1998 Cup Winners ' Cup 's quarter-finals and the 2001 Challenge Cup 's semifinals as its best results . It last appeared in the 2009 Cup Winners ' Cup . Most recently it was 7th in the 2012 championship 's regular stage ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1962–63_Women's_European_Cup_(handball)", 'summary': "The 1962-63 Women 's Handball European Champions Cup was the third edition of the premier international competition for European women 's handball clubs , taking place from November 1962 to April 1963 . Fourteen teams took part in the competition , with Denmark , East Germany , Hungary , Netherlands and Sweden making its first appearance , so a first round was introduced . 1962 champion and runner-up Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were granted byes for the quarter-finals . For the first time the final was carried out as a single match , taking place in Prague on April 14 . Trud Moscow , representing the Soviet Union as the first champion of the newly founded Soviet Championship , became the first of three Soviet teams to win the competition by beating Ruch Chorzów , defending champion Spartak Prague Sokolovo and finally Frederiksberg IF , which was the first team from Western Europe to reach the final ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Records and statistics -- Performance by club', 'section_text': '', 'uid': "EHF_Women's_Champions_League_0", 'intro': "The Women's EHF Champions League is the competition for the top women's handball clubs in Europe, organised annually by the European Handball Federation (EHF). The official name for the competition is the DELO WOMEN'S EHF Champions League. It is the most prestigious tournament for clubs, with the champions of Europe's top national leagues participating."}	null	null	Which city did the Women 's EHF Champions League team that won the title in 1997 move to in 2012 ?	Valencia
09f60a0513abd0c5	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_New_Line_Cinema_films', 'title': 'List of New Line Cinema films', 'header': ['Release date', 'Title', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'February 12 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Valentine 's Day", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Valentine's_Day_(2010_film)", 'summary': "Valentine 's Day is a 2010 American romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall . The screenplay and the story were written by Katherine Fugate , Abby Kohn , and Marc Silverstein . The film features an ensemble cast led by Jessica Alba , Kathy Bates , Jessica Biel , Bradley Cooper , Eric Dane , Patrick Dempsey , Héctor Elizondo , Jamie Foxx , Jennifer Garner , Topher Grace , Anne Hathaway , Carter Jenkins , Ashton Kutcher , Queen Latifah , Taylor Lautner , George Lopez , Shirley MacLaine , Emma Roberts , Julia Roberts , Bryce Robinson and Taylor Swift in her film debut . The film received negative reviews but was a major box office success ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 30 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Nightmare on Elm Street', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street_(2010_film)', 'summary': "A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 2010 American slasher film directed by Samuel Bayer , and written by Wesley Strick and Eric Heisserer . The film stars Jackie Earle Haley , Kyle Gallner , Rooney Mara , Katie Cassidy , Thomas Dekker , and Kellan Lutz . It is a remake of Wes Craven 's 1984 film of the same name . Produced by Michael Bay and Platinum Dunes , the film was designed to reboot the Nightmare on Elm Street franchise and is the ninth installment in the series . The film is set in a fictitious town of Ohio and centers around a group of teenagers living on one street who are stalked and murdered in their dreams by a disfigured man named Freddy Krueger . The teenagers discover that they all share a common link from their childhood that makes them targets for Krueger . A Nightmare on Elm Street was originally to follow the same design as Platinum Dunes ' other remake , Friday the 13th , where the writers took the best elements from each of the films in the original series and created a single storyline with them . Eventually , they decided to use Craven 's original storyline but tried to create a scarier film . To that end , they decided to remove the one-line quipping Freddy , who had become less scary and more comical over the years , and bring back his darker nature . The writers developed the character to be a child molester , something that Craven wanted to do originally in 1984 but changed to a child killer instead . Freddy 's physical appearance was changed with the use of computer-generated imagery to be closer to that of a burn victim . Because of the positive experiences Platinum Dunes ' producers had in the area , A Nightmare on Elm Street was filmed primarily in Illinois ."}]}, {'value': 'co-production with Platinum Dunes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Platinum_Dunes', 'summary': "Platinum Dunes is an American production company created in November 2001 by filmmakers Michael Bay , Brad Fuller , and Andrew Form . The company produces horror films , such as The Texas Chainsaw Massacre , The Purge , Friday the 13th , A Nightmare on Elm Street , Ouija and A Quiet Place . On October 7 , 2009 , Paramount Pictures announced a first-look deal with Platinum Dunes . They plan to branch out of the horror genre into action and thrillers with this new deal . On May 27 , 2010 , it was announced they would work on the reboot to the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles film series of the same name . In 2014 , Platinum Dunes was named The Hollywood Reporter 's Producers of the Year . In 2015 , the company was also named to The Hollywood Reporter 's 30 Most Powerful Film Producers in Hollywood ."}]}, {'value': 'May 27 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sex and the City 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sex_and_the_City_2', 'summary': "Sex and the City 2 is a 2010 American romantic comedy film written , co-produced , and directed by Michael Patrick King . It is the sequel to the 2008 film Sex and the City , based on the HBO series of the same name ( 1998-2004 ) . Sarah Jessica Parker , Kim Cattrall , Kristin Davis , Cynthia Nixon reprised their roles as friends Carrie , Samantha , Charlotte , and Miranda , while Chris Noth co-stars as Carrie 's husband Mr. Big . It features cameos from Liza Minnelli , Miley Cyrus , Tim Gunn , Ron White , Omid Djalili , Penélope Cruz , Norm Lewis , Kelli O'Hara , and Ryan Silverman . Sex and the City 2 was released theatrically on May 27 , 2010 , in the United States and the following day in the United Kingdom . It was panned by the critics but was a commercial success grossing $ 294 million from a $ 95 million budget ."}]}, {'value': 'co-production with Village Roadshow Pictures and HBO Films', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Village_Roadshow_Pictures', 'summary': "Village Roadshow Pictures is an American co-producer and co-financier of major Hollywood motion pictures , established in 1986 . It has produced over 85 films since its establishment in 1986 including , as co-productions with Warner Bros. , The Matrix trilogy , the Sherlock Holmes series , the Happy Feet series , the Oceans series , and The Lego Movie . The films in the Village Roadshow library have achieved 24 number one U.S. box office openings and received 37 Academy Award nominations , 17 Academy Awards and four Golden Globe Awards . Village Roadshow Pictures self-distributes its film entertainment through affiliates in several territories around the world , including Australia , New Zealand and Singapore . J.P. Morgan Chase and Rabobank International provides some funding for Village Roadshow 's film slate with Warner Bros . Village Roadshow had a secondary finance slate with Sony Pictures which ended in 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/HBO_Films', 'summary': 'HBO Films ( formerly called HBO Premiere Films and HBO Pictures ) is a division of the cable television network HBO that produces feature films and miniseries . The division produces fiction and non-fiction works , primarily for distribution to their own customers , though recently the company has been funding theatrical releases . HBO Films slates three or four films per year and develops most them internally with theatrical films being distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures .'}]}, {'value': 'September 3 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Going the Distance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Going_the_Distance_(2010_film)', 'summary': 'Going the Distance is a 2010 American romantic comedy film directed by Nanette Burstein and written by Geoff LaTulippe . It stars Drew Barrymore and Justin Long as a young couple , Erin and Garrett , who fall in love one summer in New York City and try to keep their long-distance relationship alive , when Erin heads home to San Francisco .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 28 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Rite', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Rite_(2011_film)', 'summary': "The Rite is a 2011 supernatural horror film directed by Mikael Håfström and written by Michael Petroni . It is loosely based on Matt Baglio 's book The Rite : The Making of a Modern Exorcist , which itself is based on real events as witnessed and recounted by American then-exorcist-in-training Father Gary Thomas and his experiences of being sent to Rome to be trained and work daily with veteran clergy of the practice . The film stars Anthony Hopkins , Colin O'Donoghue , Alice Braga , Ciarán Hinds , and Rutger Hauer . Shot in Rome , Budapest , and Blue Island , it was released on January 28 , 2011 and grossed $ 32 million domestically ."}]}, {'value': 'co-production with TriBeCa Productions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TriBeCa_Productions', 'summary': 'Tribeca Productions is a film and television production company co-founded in 1989 by actor Robert De Niro and producer Jane Rosenthal in the lower Manhattan neighborhood of Tribeca .'}]}, {'value': 'February 25 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hall Pass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hall_Pass', 'summary': 'Hall Pass is a 2011 American comedy film produced and directed by the Farrelly brothers and co-written by them along with Pete Jones , the writer/director of Stolen Summer . It stars Owen Wilson and Jason Sudeikis . Rick and Fred , two husbands who are having difficulty in their marriages , are given hall passes by their wives : for one week , they are allowed to have sex with other women . It was theatrically released on February 25 , 2011 . The film received mixed critical reviews and was a moderate box office success by grossing over $ 83 million .'}]}, {'value': 'co-production with Condurum Entertainment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 8 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Horrible Bosses', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Horrible_Bosses', 'summary': "Horrible Bosses is a 2011 American black comedy film directed by Seth Gordon , written by Michael Markowitz , John Francis Daley , and Jonathan Goldstein , based on a story by Markowitz . It stars Jason Bateman , Charlie Day , Jason Sudeikis , Jennifer Aniston , Colin Farrell , Kevin Spacey , and Jamie Foxx . The plot follows three friends , played by Bateman , Day , and Sudeikis , who decide to murder their respective overbearing , abusive bosses , portrayed by Spacey , Aniston , and Farrell . Markowitz 's script was bought by New Line Cinema in 2005 and the film spent six years in various states of pre-production , with a variety of actors attached to different roles . By 2010 , Goldstein and Daley had rewritten the script , and the film finally went into production . The film premiered in Los Angeles on June 30 , 2011 , and was released on July 8 , 2011 . The film exceeded financial expectations , accruing over $ 28 million in the first three days , making it the number two film in the United States during its opening weekend , and going on to become the highest-grossing black comedy film of all-time in unadjusted dollars , breaking the record previously set by The War of the Roses in 1990 . The film grossed over $ 209 million worldwide by the end of its theatrical run . The film received generally positive reviews , with critics praising the ensemble cast , and each lead being singled out for their performances across reviews . The plot received a more mixed response ; some reviewers felt that its dark , humorous premise was explored well , while others felt the jokes were racist , homophobic , or misogynistic . A sequel , Horrible Bosses 2 , was released on November 26 , 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'co-production with Rat Entertainment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 12 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Final Destination 5', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Final_Destination_5', 'summary': "Final Destination 5 is a 2011 American 3D supernatural horror film directed by Steven Quale and written by Eric Heisserer . It is the fifth and final installment in the Final Destination film series . Final Destination 5 stars Nicholas D'Agosto , Emma Bell , Miles Fisher , Arlen Escarpeta , David Koechner , and Tony Todd . Despite The Final Destination being originally announced as the final film in the franchise , due to its financial success , development of Final Destination 5 began in 2010 . Filming took place in Vancouver , as with the first three installments . It was theatrically released in August 12 , 2011 , and on DVD on December 27 , 2011 . The film received mostly positive reviews ; this is the first film in the franchise to do so . Critics praised the plot , CGI , death scenes and tone , especially in comparison to the previous installment . The film was a financial success and is the second highest-grossing film in the franchise ."}]}, {'value': 'co-production with Practical Pictures and Zide/Perry Productions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zide/Perry_Productions', 'summary': 'Zide/Perry Productions is an American independent film production company . The company was founded by Craig Perry and Warren Zide and is best known for having created the Final Destination , Cats & Dogs and American Pie film series .'}]}, {'value': 'November 4 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Very_Harold_&_Kumar_3D_Christmas', 'summary': 'A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas is a 2011 American 3D stoner comedy film directed by Todd Strauss-Schulson , written by Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg , and starring John Cho , Kal Penn and Neil Patrick Harris . It is a sequel to the 2008 film Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay and the third installment of the Harold & Kumar series . The plot follows Harold ( Cho ) and Kumar ( Penn ) as they embark on an adventure to find a new Christmas tree after Kumar accidentally destroys the original . Produced by New Line Cinema , the film was released on November 4 , 2011 by Warner Bros. and received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 36 million worldwide .'}]}, {'value': 'co-production with Kingsgate Films and Mandate Pictures', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mandate_Pictures', 'summary': 'Mandate Pictures was a full-service film production and financing company acquired by Lionsgate in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'December 9 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': "New Year 's Eve", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/New_Year's_Eve_(2011_film)", 'summary': "New Year 's Eve is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall . The film consists of an ensemble cast consisting of Halle Berry , Jessica Biel , Jon Bon Jovi , Abigail Breslin , Chris Ludacris Bridges , Robert De Niro , Josh Duhamel , Zac Efron , Héctor Elizondo , Katherine Heigl , Ashton Kutcher , Seth Meyers , Lea Michele , Sarah Jessica Parker , Michelle Pfeiffer , Til Schweiger , Jake T. Austin , Hilary Swank , and Sofía Vergara . New Year 's Eve is the second in an unofficial trilogy of romantic comedy films directed by Garry Marshall , set on a one-day holiday and featuring an ensemble cast in a variety of stories , the other films being Valentine 's Day ( 2010 ) and Mother 's Day ( 2016 ) . Some of the cast of New Year 's Eve had previously appeared in Valentine 's Day , including Biel , Kutcher , and Elizondo . New Year 's Eve was released on December 9 , 2011 , and grossed $ 142 million ."}]}, {'value': 'co-production with Wayne Rice Films and Karz Entertainment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'February 10 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Journey 2 : The Mysterious Island', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Journey_2:_The_Mysterious_Island', 'summary': 'Journey 2 : The Mysterious Island is a 2012 American science fiction comedy adventure film directed by Brad Peyton and produced by Beau Flynn , Tripp Vinson and Charlotte Huggins . It is the sequel to Journey to the Center of the Earth ( 2008 ) . Following the first film , the sequel is based on another Jules Verne novel , The Mysterious Island . The film stars Dwayne The Rock Johnson , Michael Caine , Josh Hutcherson , Vanessa Hudgens , Luis Guzmán , and Kristin Davis . The story was written by Richard Outten , Brian Gunn and Mark Gunn , and the screenplay by Brian and Mark Gunn . Journey 2 : The Mysterious Island was released in cinemas on February 10 , 2012 by Warner Bros. Pictures , New Line Cinema and Walden Media to mixed reviews , but became a box office success with a worldwide gross of nearly $ 335 million , surpassing its predecessor . Journey 2 : The Mysterious Island was released on DVD/Blu-ray on June 5 , 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'co-production with Walden Media and Contrafilm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walden_Media', 'summary': "Walden Media , LLC or Walden Media is an American film investor , distributor , and publishing company . Its films are based on notable classic or award-winning children 's literature , compelling biographies or historical events , as well as documentaries and some original screenplays . The corporate headquarters of Walden Media are located in Los Angeles , California . The company is owned by the Christian conservative Philip Anschutz , who has said he expects their movies to be entertaining , but also to be life affirming and to carry a moral message . Walden Media 's publishing enterprise , Walden Pond Press , a joint venture with Harper Collins , publishes the next generation of middle grade books - fast paced , funny , engaging , compulsively readable stories by well-established authors and new talent . The two marked characteristics of the imprint are its high quality titles and its embrace of a multi-platform approach to storytelling . From 2004-2008 , Walden Media published books in partnership with Penguin Books for Young Readers ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Beau_Flynn', 'summary': 'Beau Flynn is an American film producer . He is known for producing large commercial films such as Skyscraper , Rampage , San Andreas and Hercules , as well as critically acclaimed independent films like Requiem for a Dream , Tigerland , Choke , and The House of Yes . Over the course of his career , Flynn has produced over 32 films that have grossed more than $ 3 billion at the worldwide box office . Through his dynamic FlynnPictureCo . ( FPC ) , Flynn focuses on high-concept , tentpole studio films designed for the global audience . He has been married to film actress Marley Shelton since 2001 and they have two daughters .'}]}, {'value': 'June 15 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rock of Ages', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rock_of_Ages_(2012_film)', 'summary': "Rock of Ages is a 2012 American musical comedy-drama film directed by Adam Shankman and based on the rock jukebox Broadway musical Rock of Ages by Chris D'Arienzo . Starring country singer Julianne Hough and Diego Boneta leading an ensemble cast that includes Russell Brand , Alec Baldwin , Paul Giamatti , Catherine Zeta-Jones , Malin Åkerman , Mary J. Blige , Bryan Cranston and Tom Cruise , the film features the music of many 1980s Rock and Glam Rock artists including Def Leppard , Journey , Scorpions , Poison , Foreigner , Guns N ' Roses , Pat Benatar , Joan Jett , Bon Jovi , Twisted Sister , Whitesnake , REO Speedwagon , and others . The film 's score was composed and conducted by Cliff Eidelman . Originally scheduled to enter production in summer 2009 for a 2011 release , it eventually commenced production in May 2011 and was released on June 15 , 2012 . The film received mixed critical reviews and grossed only $ 59 million worldwide . However , Cruise was particularly lauded for his performance of Pour Some Sugar on Me and Wanted Dead or Alive . The related film soundtrack also did critically well , certified Gold in Canada ."}]}, {'value': 'co-production with Offspring Entertainment and Maguire Entertainment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Offspring_Entertainment', 'summary': "Offspring Entertainment is a production company owned by producers Adam Shankman and Jennifer Gibgot . The company was established by the siblings in 2004 after their work together on the film The Wedding Planner , which Gibgot produced and Shankman directed . Offspring Entertainment , in addition to several feature films on the development slate , has a deal with Warner Bros Television and Warner Horizon , and are currently developing television series and events for both network and cable . In the past they have had first look development deals with New Line Cinema and Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . Prior to opening Offspring Entertainment , Shankman was Hollywood 's go-to choreographer and Gibgot worked with Tapestry Films . Gibgot got her start as a producer at Tapestry Films where she produced romantic comedy favorites The Wedding Planner and She 's All That . Shankman got his start as a dancer and choreographer , teaching movie stars and television stars how to dance before branching into directing and producing ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tobey_Maguire', 'summary': "Tobias Vincent Maguire ( born June 27 , 1975 ) is an American actor and film producer . He is best known for his role as Peter Parker / Spider-Man in Sam Raimi 's Spider-Man trilogy ( 2002-2007 ) . His other major films include Pleasantville ( 1998 ) , The Cider House Rules ( 1999 ) , Wonder Boys ( 2000 ) , Seabiscuit ( 2003 ) , The Good German ( 2006 ) , Brothers ( 2009 ) , and The Great Gatsby ( 2013 ) . He was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild and Golden Globe Awards , and received two Saturn Awards , including one for Best Actor . He established his own production company in 2012 called Material Pictures , and co-produced Good People that same year . In 2014 , he produced and starred as Bobby Fischer in Pawn Sacrifice ."}]}, {'value': 'December 14 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Hobbit : An Unexpected Journey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Hobbit:_An_Unexpected_Journey', 'summary': "The Hobbit : An Unexpected Journey is a 2012 epic high fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson . It is the first installment in a three-part film adaptation based on J. R. R. Tolkiens 1937 novel The Hobbit . It is followed by The Desolation of Smaug ( 2013 ) and The Battle of the Five Armies ( 2014 ) , and together , they act as a prequel to Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy . The film 's screenplay was written by Jackson , his longtime collaborators Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens , and Guillermo del Toro , who was originally chosen to direct the film before leaving the project in 2010 . The story is set in Middle-earth seventy-seven years before the main events of The Lord of the Rings , and portions of the film are adapted from the appendices to Tolkien 's The Return of the King . An Unexpected Journey tells the tale of Bilbo Baggins ( Martin Freeman ) , who is convinced by the wizard Gandalf ( Ian McKellen ) to accompany thirteen Dwarves , led by Thorin Oakenshield ( Richard Armitage ) , on a quest to reclaim the Lonely Mountain from the dragon Smaug . The ensemble cast also includes James Nesbitt , Ken Stott , Cate Blanchett , Ian Holm , Christopher Lee , Hugo Weaving , Elijah Wood and Andy Serkis , and features Sylvester McCoy , Barry Humphries and Manu Bennett . An Unexpected Journey premiered on 28 November 2012 in New Zealand and was released internationally on 12 December 2012 . The film grossed over $ 1.021 billion at the box office , surpassing both The Fellowship of the Ring and The Two Towers nominally , becoming the fourth highest-grossing film of 2012 and the 45th highest-grossing film of all time . Receiving mixed reviews from critics , the film was nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects , Best Production Design , and Best Makeup and Hairstyling . It was also nominated for three British Academy Film Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'co-production with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and WingNut Films', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer', 'summary': "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. ( initialized as MGM ; often referred to as Metro ; common metonym : the Lion or Leo ) is an American media company , involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs . One of the world 's oldest film studios , MGM 's corporate headquarters are located at 245 North Beverly Drive in Beverly Hills , California . MGM was founded in 1924 when the entertainment entrepreneur Marcus Loew gained control of Metro Pictures , Goldwyn Pictures , and Louis B. Mayer Pictures . [ page needed ] In 1971 , it was announced that MGM was to merge with 20th Century Fox , but the plan never came to fruition . Over the next 39 years , the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until , on November 3 , 2010 , MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy . MGM emerged from bankruptcy on December 20 , 2010 , at which time the executives of Spyglass Entertainment , Gary Barber and Roger Birnbaum , became co-chairmen and co-CEOs of the holding company of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . As of 2017 , MGM co-produces , co-finances , and co-distributes a majority of its films with Sony Pictures , Paramount Pictures and Warner Bros. MGM Resorts International , a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MGM , was created in 1973 as a division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . The company was spun out in 1979 , with the studio 's then owner Kirk Kerkorian maintaining a large share , but it ended all affiliation with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1986 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/WingNut_Films', 'summary': 'WingNut Films is a New Zealand production company based in Wellington , New Zealand . It is notable for producing and collaborates predominantly with filmmaker Peter Jackson . WingNut Films also has produced at Pinewood Studios in England .'}]}, {'value': 'February 27 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caught Stealing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caught_Stealing_(film_2013)', 'summary': 'Caught Stealing is an American crime action thriller film directed by Wayne Kramer and produced by Marcus Chait , James Carpinello and Patrick Wilson .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 1 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jack the Giant Slayer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_the_Giant_Slayer', 'summary': 'Jack the Giant Slayer ( previously titled Jack the Giant Killer ) is a 2013 American fantasy adventure film directed and co-produced by Bryan Singer and written by Darren Lemke , Christopher McQuarrie and Dan Studney , from a story by Lemke and David Dobkin . The film , based on the British fairy tales Jack the Giant Killer and Jack and the Beanstalk , stars Nicholas Hoult , Eleanor Tomlinson , Stanley Tucci , Ian McShane , Bill Nighy , and Ewan McGregor . The film tells the story of Jack , a young farmhand who must rescue a princess from a race of giants after inadvertently opening a gateway to their land in the sky . Development of Jack the Giant Slayer began in 2005 , when Lemke first pitched the idea . D. J. Caruso was hired to direct the film in January 2009 , but in September of that year , Caruso was replaced by Singer , who hired McQuarrie and Studney to rework the script . The main characters were cast between February and March 2011 , and principal photography began in April 2011 in England with locations in Somerset , Gloucestershire and Norfolk . Release of the film was moved back in post-production to allow more time for special effects and marketing . Jack the Giant Slayer premiered on February 26 , 2013 , in Hollywood . It was released theatrically in the United States on March 1 , 2013 , receiving mixed reviews from critics and was a box office flop .'}]}, {'value': 'co-production with Legendary Pictures , Original Film , Big Kid Pictures and Bad Hat Harry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Legendary_Pictures', 'summary': 'Legendary Pictures Productions , LLC , doing business as Legendary Entertainment or simply Legendary , is an American film production and mass media company based in Burbank , California . The company was founded by Thomas Tull in 2000 and in 2005 concluded an agreement to co-produce and co-finance films with Warner Bros. and Universal Pictures . Since 2016 , Legendary has been a subsidiary of the Chinese conglomerate Wanda Group .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Original_Film', 'summary': 'Original Film is an American film production company founded by Neal H. Moritz . Notable films the company has produced are The Fast Saga franchise .'}, {'url': '/wiki/David_Dobkin_(director)', 'summary': 'David Dobkin ( born June 23 , 1969 ) is an American director , producer and screenwriter . He is best known for directing the films Clay Pigeons , Shanghai Knights , Wedding Crashers , and The Judge .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bad_Hat_Harry_Productions', 'summary': "Bad Hat Harry Productions is an American film and television production company founded in 1994 by director Bryan Singer . It has produced such films as The Usual Suspects and the X-Men film series , as well as the television series House . The name is a homage to Steven Spielberg and comes from a line uttered by Roy Scheider in the 1975 feature Jaws . Martin Brody says to an elderly swimmer who teases him about not going in the water , That 's some bad hat , Harry . The original 2004 logo paid homage to this scene . The current logo , introduced in 2011 , is taken from the police lineup scene of The Usual Suspects ."}]}, {'value': 'March 15 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Incredible Burt Wonderstone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Incredible_Burt_Wonderstone', 'summary': "The Incredible Burt Wonderstone is a 2013 American comedy film directed by Don Scardino and written by John Francis Daley and Jonathan Goldstein , based on a story by Chad Kultgen and Tyler Mitchell , and Daley and Goldstein . The film follows Las Vegas magician Burt Wonderstone ( Steve Carell ) as he attempts to reunite with his former partner Anton Marvelton ( Steve Buscemi ) to take on dangerous street magician Steve Gray ( Jim Carrey ) . It also features Alan Arkin , Olivia Wilde , and James Gandolfini . The film began development in 2006 , when New Line Cinema bought Kultgen 's script , Burt Dickenson : The Most Powerful Magician on Planet Earth . The development process gained momentum when Charles McDougall was hired as director in 2011 , but he eventually left the project and was replaced with Scardino . Daley and Goldstein rewrote Kultgen 's script which then saw further rewrites from Jason Reitman in June 2011 . Filming was scheduled to begin in October 2011 in Los Angeles , California , but was pushed back to January 2012 . On a $ 30 million budget , filming began on January 10 , 2012 in Nevada with filming later moving to Los Angeles . The Incredible Burt Wonderstone was released on March 15 , 2013 , and earned over $ 27 million . Reviews generally praised Carrey 's and Arkin 's performances , but criticized the plot 's inconsistent tone and predictability . Variety magazine listed The Incredible Burt Wonderstone as one of Hollywood 's biggest box office bombs of 2013 when it had made $ 27.4 million against a $ 30 million production cost ."}]}, {'value': 'co-production with Benderspink and Carousel Productions', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 19 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Conjuring', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Conjuring', 'summary': 'The Conjuring is a 2013 American supernatural horror film directed by James Wan and written by Chad Hayes and Carey W. Hayes . It is the inaugural film in the Conjuring Universe franchise . Patrick Wilson and Vera Farmiga star as Ed and Lorraine Warren , paranormal investigators and authors associated with prominent cases of haunting . Their purportedly real-life reports inspired The Amityville Horror story and film franchise . The Warrens come to the assistance of the Perron family , who experienced increasingly disturbing events in their farmhouse in Rhode Island in 1971 . Development of the film began in January 2012 , and reports confirmed Wan as the director of a film entitled The Warren Files , later retitled The Conjuring , centering on the alleged real-life exploits of Ed and Lorraine Warren , a married couple who investigated paranormal events . In his second collaboration with Wan , Patrick Wilson starred alongside Vera Farmiga in the main roles of Ed and Lorraine . Production commenced in Wilmington , North Carolina , in February 2012 , and scenes were shot in chronological order . The Conjuring was released in the United States and Canada on July 19 , 2013 , by Warner Bros. Pictures and New Line Cinema . It received positive reviews from critics , who praised the performances , direction , screenplay , atmosphere , and musical score . It grossed over $ 319 million worldwide against its $ 20 million budget . A sequel , The Conjuring 2 , was released on June 10 , 2016 , with The Conjuring : The Devil Made Me Do It scheduled for release on September 11 , 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'co-production with The Safran Company and Evergreen Media Group', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Safran_Company', 'summary': 'The Safran Company is an American film production company founded by film producer Peter Safran in 2006 and resides in Los Angeles , California . Since its formation , the company has produced 28 films which some include Disaster Movie ( 2008 ) , On Her Dead Body ( 2008 ) , Buried ( 2010 ) , Aquaman ( 2018 ) and Shazam ! ( 2019 ) which are the first two superhero films Safran ever produced in his career . The company is responsible for producing The Conjuring Universe since its beginning in 2013 with The Conjuring . The company is also mainly known for cooperating with James Wan and David F. Sandberg .'}]}, {'value': 'August 9 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': "We 're the Millers", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/We're_the_Millers", 'summary': "We 're the Millers is a 2013 American comedy film directed by Rawson M. Thurber and starring Jennifer Aniston , Jason Sudeikis , Emma Roberts , Will Poulter , Nick Offerman , Kathryn Hahn , Molly Quinn , and Ed Helms . The film 's screenplay was written by Bob Fisher , Steve Faber , Sean Anders , and John Morris , based on a story by Fisher and Faber . The plot follows a small-time pot dealer ( Sudeikis ) who convinces his neighbors to help him by pretending to be his family , in order to smuggle drugs from Mexico into the United States . The film was released on August 7 , 2013 , by New Line Cinema through Warner Bros. Pictures . Despite mixed reviews , it grossed $ 270 million worldwide during its theatrical run , against a $ 37 million budget . It was nominated for four People 's Choice Awards , and six MTV Movie Awards , winning two . In 2014 New Line Cinema said a sequel was in development ."}]}, {'value': 'co-production with Newman/Tooley Productions , Slap Happy Productions , Heyday Films , and Benderspink', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heyday_Films', 'summary': "Heyday Films Ltd. is a British film studio founded on 10 October 1996 by producer David Heyman in London , England , and currently headquartered in Borehamwood , Hertfordshire . Its first feature film production was Ravenous , directed by Antonia Bird . It is the producer of the Harry Potter film series , based on the novels by J. K. Rowling , beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': 'December 13 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Hobbit : The Desolation of Smaug', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Hobbit:_The_Desolation_of_Smaug', 'summary': "The Hobbit : The Desolation of Smaug is a 2013 epic high fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson and produced by WingNut Films in collaboration with New Line Cinema and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . It was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures and is the second installment in the three-part film series based on the novel The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien . The film was preceded by An Unexpected Journey ( 2012 ) and followed by The Battle of the Five Armies ( 2014 ) ; together , they act as a prequel to Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy . The film follows the titular character Bilbo Baggins as he accompanies Thorin Oakenshield and his fellow dwarves on a quest to reclaim the Lonely Mountain from the dragon Smaug . The film also features the vengeful pursuit of Azog the Defiler and Bolg , while Gandalf the Grey investigates a growing evil in the ruins of Dol Guldur . The ensemble cast includes Ian McKellen , Martin Freeman , Richard Armitage , Benedict Cumberbatch , Evangeline Lilly , Lee Pace , Luke Evans , Ken Stott , James Nesbitt , and Orlando Bloom . Fran Walsh , Philippa Boyens , Peter Jackson and Guillermo del Toro wrote the screenplay . The films were shot simultaneously in 3D at a projection rate of 48 frames per second , with principal photography taking place around New Zealand and at Pinewood Studios . Additional filming took place throughout May 2013 . The Hobbit : The Desolation of Smaug premiered on 2 December 2013 in Los Angeles and was released internationally on 11 December 2013 in both conventional and IMAX theatres . The film received generally positive reviews and grossed over $ 958 million at the worldwide box office , surpassing both The Fellowship of the Ring and The Two Towers , and making it the fourth highest-grossing film of 2013 . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received nominations for Best Visual Effects , Best Sound Editing , and Best Sound Mixing ."}]}, {'value': 'co-production with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and WingNut Films', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer', 'summary': "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. ( initialized as MGM ; often referred to as Metro ; common metonym : the Lion or Leo ) is an American media company , involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs . One of the world 's oldest film studios , MGM 's corporate headquarters are located at 245 North Beverly Drive in Beverly Hills , California . MGM was founded in 1924 when the entertainment entrepreneur Marcus Loew gained control of Metro Pictures , Goldwyn Pictures , and Louis B. Mayer Pictures . [ page needed ] In 1971 , it was announced that MGM was to merge with 20th Century Fox , but the plan never came to fruition . Over the next 39 years , the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until , on November 3 , 2010 , MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy . MGM emerged from bankruptcy on December 20 , 2010 , at which time the executives of Spyglass Entertainment , Gary Barber and Roger Birnbaum , became co-chairmen and co-CEOs of the holding company of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . As of 2017 , MGM co-produces , co-finances , and co-distributes a majority of its films with Sony Pictures , Paramount Pictures and Warner Bros. MGM Resorts International , a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MGM , was created in 1973 as a division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . The company was spun out in 1979 , with the studio 's then owner Kirk Kerkorian maintaining a large share , but it ended all affiliation with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1986 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/WingNut_Films', 'summary': 'WingNut Films is a New Zealand production company based in Wellington , New Zealand . It is notable for producing and collaborates predominantly with filmmaker Peter Jackson . WingNut Films also has produced at Pinewood Studios in England .'}]}, {'value': 'December 25 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Secret Life of Walter Mitty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Secret_Life_of_Walter_Mitty_(2013_film)', 'summary': "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty is a 2013 American adventure comedy-drama film directed , co-produced by and starring Ben Stiller and written by Steve Conrad . The film also stars Kristen Wiig , Shirley MacLaine , Adam Scott , Kathryn Hahn , and Sean Penn . This is the second film adaptation of James Thurber 's 1939 short story The Secret Life of Walter Mitty . Following its world premiere at the New York Film Festival on October 5 , 2013 , the film was theatrically released by 20th Century Fox , Samuel Goldwyn Films and New Line Cinema on December 25 , 2013 , in North America to generally mixed reception , but was a moderate box office success . It was chosen by the National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2013 . The Secret Life of Walter Mitty was released on DVD and Blu-ray on April 15 , 2014 , by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment ."}]}, {'value': 'studio credit only ; co-production with 20th Century Fox , Samuel Goldwyn Films , Red Hour Films , and TSG Entertainment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/20th_Century_Fox', 'summary': '20th Century Studios ( formerly 20th Century Fox ) is an American film studio that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios , a division of The Walt Disney Company . The studio is located on the Fox Studio Lot in the Century City area of Los Angeles . For over 83 years , it was one of the Big Six major American film studios formed from the merger of the Fox Film Corporation and Twentieth Century Pictures in 1935 . In 1985 , the studio was acquired by News Corporation , which was succeeded by 21st Century Fox in 2013 following the spin-off of its publishing assets . In 2019 , Disney acquired 20th Century Fox through its merger with 21st Century Fox . In 2020 , the studio was renamed to 20th Century Studios .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn_Films', 'summary': 'Samuel Goldwyn Films is an American film company that licenses , releases and distributes art-house , independent and foreign films . It was founded by Samuel Goldwyn Jr. , the son of the Hollywood business magnate/mogul , Samuel Goldwyn . The current incarnation is a successor to The Samuel Goldwyn Company .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Red_Hour_Productions', 'summary': 'Red Hour Productions is an American film production company operated by actor Ben Stiller and producer Stuart Cornfeld . In the past , Red Hour has had first-look deals with New Line Cinema , and currently has an exclusive first-look feature deal with 20th Century Fox .'}, {'url': '/wiki/TSG_Entertainment', 'summary': "TSG Entertainment Finance LLC ( d.b.a . TSG Entertainment ) is an American film financing entity which primarily funds live action films . TSG stands for parent company The Seelig Group . TSG was established after the U.S. theatrical release of Parental Guidance to replace Dune Entertainment as a result of Dune not renewing their deal with 20th Century Fox . Fox was looking for a new long term co-financing arrangement and made a deal with TSG Entertainment . The financing entity was founded by former Dune partner Chip Seelig with majority funding from Magnetar Capital with additional funding from Seelig and others . Seelig had left Dune in May 2011 to launch a new funding company . TSG was also looking for some ( $ 300-400 million ) debt financing from banks at this time . In November 2015 , Bona Film Group , a Chinese film studio , invested $ 235 million in TSG . Because of The Walt Disney Companys acquisition of 21st Century Fox ( sans certain units ) on March 20 , 2019 , Disney inherited Foxs deal with TSG for 20th Century Fox . TSG 's logo is a depiction of a man with a bow shooting an arrow through several axe heads , similar to Odysseus from Homer 's Odyssey ."}]}], 'section_title': '2010s', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_films_released_by_New_Line_Cinema_5', 'intro': 'This is a list of films produced, co-produced, and/or distributed by New Line Cinema.'}	null	null	Which film was produced by a division of a cable television network ?	Sex and the City 2
09f6593f5c82ad86	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Champions_League_Twenty20', 'title': '2013 Champions League Twenty20', 'header': ['Team', 'Domestic tournament', 'Position', 'Appearance', 'Qualified'], 'data': [{'value': 'Brisbane Heat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane_Heat', 'summary': "The Brisbane Heat are an Australian men 's professional Twenty20 franchise cricket team that competes in the Big Bash League . The Heat wears a teal uniform and are based in Brisbane in the Australian state Queensland . Their home ground is the Brisbane Cricket Ground . In their second season , they won the Big Bash League for the first time and thus qualified for the Champions League Twenty20 ."}]}, {'value': '2012-13 Big Bash League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012–13_Big_Bash_League_season', 'summary': 'The 2012-13 Big Bash League season or BBL\|02 was the second season of the Big Bash League , the premier Twenty20 cricket competition in Australia . The tournament began on 7 December 2012 , with the final being held on 19 January 2013 . The defending champions , Sydney Sixers were knocked out in the group stage . Melbourne Renegades finished first in the group stage with 7 wins and a loss . Perth Scorchers , Melbourne Stars and Brisbane Heat were the other teams to reach the semi-finals . In the first semi-final , Brisbane Heat defeated Melbourne Renegades by 15 runs to make it to the finals of the Big Bash League for the first time . In the other semi-final , Perth Scorchers defeated Melbourne Stars by 8 wickets in a rain curtailed match to make it to the finals for the second time in a row . Melbourne Stars failed to advance to the final for the second successive year . In the final , Brisbane Heat beat Perth Scorchers by 34 runs to lift their first Big Bash League title . Perth Scorchers finished runners-up for the second successive year . Aaron Finch of Melbourne Renegades was named Player of the tournament for scoring 332 runs in the tournament including an unbeaten century . Shaun Marsh of Perth Scorchers finished as the leading run-getter of the tournament as he amassed 412 runs in 9 innings .'}]}, {'value': 'Winners', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1st', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15 January 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Perth Scorchers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perth_Scorchers', 'summary': "The Perth Scorchers is an Australian domestic Twenty20 franchise cricket team representing Perth in the Big Bash League ( BBL ) . The Scorchers are the most successful team in BBL history , winning three championships and coming runners up twice . They were defeated in their second final by the Brisbane Heat in BBL02 . They then won the next two consecutive championships , becoming the first team to achieve the feat in the league 's history . These wins came against the Hobart Hurricanes and the Sydney Sixers in a last-ball thriller at Canberra 's Manuka Oval . Mickey Arthur was originally appointed coach , but quit before the beginning of the 2011-12 season after he was appointed coach of the Australian cricket team . He was replaced by his former assistant , Lachlan Stevens . Justin Langer replaced Stevens in November 2012 . Following the appointment of Langer as the Australian coach in May 2018 , Adam Voges was named as the new coach for the 2018-19 season . The Scorchers also have a side in the Women 's Big Bash League ."}]}, {'value': '2012-13 Big Bash League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012–13_Big_Bash_League_season', 'summary': 'The 2012-13 Big Bash League season or BBL\|02 was the second season of the Big Bash League , the premier Twenty20 cricket competition in Australia . The tournament began on 7 December 2012 , with the final being held on 19 January 2013 . The defending champions , Sydney Sixers were knocked out in the group stage . Melbourne Renegades finished first in the group stage with 7 wins and a loss . Perth Scorchers , Melbourne Stars and Brisbane Heat were the other teams to reach the semi-finals . In the first semi-final , Brisbane Heat defeated Melbourne Renegades by 15 runs to make it to the finals of the Big Bash League for the first time . In the other semi-final , Perth Scorchers defeated Melbourne Stars by 8 wickets in a rain curtailed match to make it to the finals for the second time in a row . Melbourne Stars failed to advance to the final for the second successive year . In the final , Brisbane Heat beat Perth Scorchers by 34 runs to lift their first Big Bash League title . Perth Scorchers finished runners-up for the second successive year . Aaron Finch of Melbourne Renegades was named Player of the tournament for scoring 332 runs in the tournament including an unbeaten century . Shaun Marsh of Perth Scorchers finished as the leading run-getter of the tournament as he amassed 412 runs in 9 innings .'}]}, {'value': 'Runners-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16 January 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trinidad and Tobago', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_national_cricket_team', 'summary': "The Trinidad and Tobago cricket team , or officially the Trinidad and Tobago Red Force , is the representative cricket team of the country of Trinidad and Tobago . The Red Force takes part in inter-regional cricket competitions in the Caribbean , such as the West Indies ' Professional Cricket League ( which includes the Regional Four Day Competition and the NAGICO Regional Super50 ) under the franchise name Trinidad and Tobago Red Force , with the best players selected for the West Indies team , which plays international cricket ."}]}, {'value': '2012-13 Caribbean Twenty20', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012–13_Caribbean_Twenty20', 'summary': 'The 2012-13 Caribbean Twenty20 was the fourth season of the Caribbean Twenty20 , a domestic Twenty20 tournament administered by the West Indies Cricket Board . 23 matches were played from 6 to 20 January 2013 . This was the first season to feature only the seven West Indies first-class teams and no invited overseas teams . Trinidad and Tobago won their third successive title . They also qualified for the 2013 Champions League Twenty20 .'}]}, {'value': 'Winners', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21 January 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highveld Lions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Highveld_Lions_cricket_team', 'summary': 'Lions Cricket ( known as the Imperial Lions for sponsorship reasons ) are a professional cricket franchise which represents Central Gauteng , formerly Transvaal , and North West , formerly known as Western Transvaal . Its member unions are the Central Gauteng Lions cricket team and North West first class cricket who merged in 2003 to form the franchise which is the highest level of cricket in the region and a feeder to the South African National Cricket team . The home venues are the New Wanderers Stadium in Johannesburg and Senwes Park in Potchefstroom . The combined team plays in the 4-Day Franchise Series first class cricket competition as well as in the Momentum 1 Day Cup and CSA T20 Challenge limited over competitions . They are the current 4-Day Franchise Series and T20 challenge competition champions .'}]}, {'value': '2012-13 Ram Slam T20 Challenge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012–13_Ram_Slam_T20_Challenge', 'summary': 'The 2012-13 Ram Slam T20 Challenge was the tenth season of the Ram Slam T20 Challenge , established by the Cricket South Africa . The tournament was previously known as the MiWay T20 Challenge and the Standard Bank Pro20 Series . The tournament was played between 15 February and 7 April 2013 . The Highveld Lions beat the Titans in the final by 30 runs to win the tournament .'}]}, {'value': 'Winners', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28 March 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Titans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Titans_cricket_team', 'summary': 'The Titans ( known as the Multiply Titans for sponsorship reasons ) are the northernmost top-level cricket franchise in South Africa . Its member unions are the Eastern Cricket Union and Northerns Cricket Union . The home venues of the Titans are SuperSport Park , Centurion and Willowmoore Park , Benoni . The Titans play in the Sunfoil Series first class competition ( where were the 2015-16 champions ) , the Momentum One Day Cup and Ram Slam T20 Challenge . They have been Supersport Series and MiWay T20 Challenge champions in the past , and had qualified to take part in the Champions League Twenty20 where they narrowly lost to the Sydney Sixers at SuperSport Park . The Titans were also Momentum One Day Cup champions in the 2014/15 season , beating the Cape Cobras in the final . In July 2018 , they were one of the six teams invited to play in the first edition of the Abu Dhabi T20 Trophy , scheduled to start in October 2018 . Since the franchise system was introduced in South African domestic cricket , the Titans have been the most successful , winning 18 trophies .'}]}, {'value': '2012-13 Ram Slam T20 Challenge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012–13_Ram_Slam_T20_Challenge', 'summary': 'The 2012-13 Ram Slam T20 Challenge was the tenth season of the Ram Slam T20 Challenge , established by the Cricket South Africa . The tournament was previously known as the MiWay T20 Challenge and the Standard Bank Pro20 Series . The tournament was played between 15 February and 7 April 2013 . The Highveld Lions beat the Titans in the final by 30 runs to win the tournament .'}]}, {'value': 'Runners-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 April 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chennai Super Kings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chennai_Super_Kings', 'summary': 'The Chennai Super Kings ( CSK ) are a franchise cricket team based in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , which plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 , the team plays its home matches at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai . The team served a two-year suspension from the IPL starting July 2015 for the alleged involvement of their owners in the 2013 IPL betting case , and won the title in its comeback season . The team is captained by Mahendra Singh Dhoni and coached by Stephen Fleming . The Super Kings have lifted the IPL title thrice ( in 2010 , 2011 and 2018 ) , and have the best win percentage among all teams in the IPL ( 61.28 ) . They hold the records of most appearances in the playoffs ( ten ) and the Final ( eight ) of the IPL . They are the only IPL team to qualify for the playoff stage in each edition of their appearance in the league . In addition , they have also won the Champions League Twenty20 in 2010 and 2014 . The brand value of the Super Kings in 2019 is estimated to be around ₹732 crore ( roughly $ 104 million ) , making them the second-most valuable IPL franchise , after Mumbai Indians .'}]}, {'value': '2013 Indian Premier League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_Indian_Premier_League', 'summary': 'The 2013 season of the Indian Premier League , abbreviated as IPL 6 or Pepsi IPL 2013 , was the sixth season of the IPL , established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India ( BCCI ) in 2007 . The tournament featured nine teams and was held from 3 April to 26 May 2013 . The opening ceremony was held at the Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata on 2 April 2013 . This was the first season with PepsiCo as the title sponsor . The Kolkata Knight Riders were the defending champions , having won the 2012 season . A spot fixing case was revealed by Delhi Police , leading to arrest of three cricketers from Rajasthan Royals and other persons . Mumbai Indians won the tournament for the first time , defeating Chennai Super Kings in the final by 23 runs .'}]}, {'value': 'Runners-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4th', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17 May 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mumbai Indians', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mumbai_Indians', 'summary': "The Mumbai Indians ( abbreviated as MI ) are a franchise cricket team based in the city of Mumbai , Maharashtra , that play in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 , the team is owned by India 's biggest conglomerate , Reliance Industries , through its 100% subsidiary IndiaWin Sports . Since its establishment , the team has played its home matches in the 33,108-capacity Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai . In 2017 , the Mumbai Indians became the first franchise to cross the $ 100 million mark in brand value among the IPL franchises . The brand value of Mumbai Indians , in 2019 , is estimated to be around ₹809 crore ( roughly $ 115 million ) , the highest among all the IPL franchises for the fourth consecutive year . Mumbai Indians is the most successful team in the IPL . They won the 2011 Champions League Twenty20 after beating Royal Challengers Bangalore by 31 runs in the final . The team won the double by winning its first IPL title , in 2013 , by defeating Chennai Super Kings by 23 runs in the final , and then defeated the Rajasthan Royals by 33 runs to win its second Champions League Twenty20 title later that year . They won their second IPL title on 24 May 2015 by defeating the Chennai Super Kings by 41 runs in the final and became the third team to win more than one IPL title . On 21 May 2017 , they won their third IPL title by defeating the Rising Pune Supergiant by 1 run in a thrilling final , thus becoming the first team to win three IPL titles . While playing the tournament , they won their 100th T20 , becoming the first team to do so . In 2019 , they repeated the same feat as they won a record breaking fourth IPL title , by beating CSK by just 1 run on 12th May , 2019 in IPL Final ."}]}, {'value': '2013 Indian Premier League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_Indian_Premier_League', 'summary': 'The 2013 season of the Indian Premier League , abbreviated as IPL 6 or Pepsi IPL 2013 , was the sixth season of the IPL , established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India ( BCCI ) in 2007 . The tournament featured nine teams and was held from 3 April to 26 May 2013 . The opening ceremony was held at the Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata on 2 April 2013 . This was the first season with PepsiCo as the title sponsor . The Kolkata Knight Riders were the defending champions , having won the 2012 season . A spot fixing case was revealed by Delhi Police , leading to arrest of three cricketers from Rajasthan Royals and other persons . Mumbai Indians won the tournament for the first time , defeating Chennai Super Kings in the final by 23 runs .'}]}, {'value': 'Winners', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4th', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17 May 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rajasthan Royals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rajasthan_Royals', 'summary': "The Rajasthan Royals ( often abbreviated as RR ) are a franchise cricket team based in Jaipur , Rajasthan , that plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 as one of the initial eight IPL franchises , the team is based at the Sawai Mansingh Stadium in Jaipur . The Rajasthan Royals are sometimes considered as the moneyball team of the IPL . The Royals are known to unearth obscure , high potential talent , as well as their involvement in a number of controversies and scandals . The team won the inaugural edition of the IPL under the captaincy of Shane Warne , despite being written off as a title contender by the media and fans . The Royals were also the runners-up of the 2013 Champions League Twenty20 under Rahul Dravid 's captaincy . On 14 July 2015 , the verdict reached by a panel appointed by the Supreme Court of India suspended Rajasthan Royals and Chennai Super Kings for two years over a 2013 betting scandal , meaning they could not participate in both the 2016 and 2017 IPL tournaments . They returned to the competition for the 2018 season . The team 's record run-scorer is Ajinkya Rahane with 2705 runs , while the leading wicket-taker is Shane Watson , with 67 ."}]}, {'value': '2013 Indian Premier League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_Indian_Premier_League', 'summary': 'The 2013 season of the Indian Premier League , abbreviated as IPL 6 or Pepsi IPL 2013 , was the sixth season of the IPL , established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India ( BCCI ) in 2007 . The tournament featured nine teams and was held from 3 April to 26 May 2013 . The opening ceremony was held at the Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata on 2 April 2013 . This was the first season with PepsiCo as the title sponsor . The Kolkata Knight Riders were the defending champions , having won the 2012 season . A spot fixing case was revealed by Delhi Police , leading to arrest of three cricketers from Rajasthan Royals and other persons . Mumbai Indians won the tournament for the first time , defeating Chennai Super Kings in the final by 23 runs .'}]}, {'value': 'Third place', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1st', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22 May 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Otago Volts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Otago_Volts', 'summary': "The Otago cricket team ( nicknamed the Volts since the 1997-98 season ) are a New Zealand first class cricket team formed in 1864 representing the Otago , Southland and North Otago regions . Their main governing board is the Otago Cricket Association which is one of six major associations that make up New Zealand Cricket . The team plays most of its home games at the University Oval in Dunedin , but occasionally plays games at the Events Centre in Queenstown , Queen 's Park Ground in Invercargill and Molyneux Park in Alexandra . The team mainly plays First-Class , List A and Twenty20 matches against other New Zealand provincial sides , but also in the past has played touring sides . Jacob Duffy is the Volts current First-Class , List A and Twenty20 captain . He replaced Mark Craig , who was named but suffered a family bereavement and subsequent injury . Their current coach is Rob Walter ."}]}, {'value': 'Qualifying stage', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winners', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 September 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunrisers Hyderabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunrisers_Hyderabad', 'summary': 'The SunRisers Hyderabad ( often abbreviated as SRH ) are a franchise cricket team based in Hyderabad , Telangana , India , that plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . The franchise is owned by Kalanithi Maran of the Sun TV Network and was founded in 2012 after the Hyderabad-based Deccan Chargers were terminated by the IPL . The team is currently captained by Kane Williamson and coached by Trevor Bayliss . The primary homeground of the team is the Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium , Hyderabad with a capacity of 55,000 . The brand value of the SunRisers Hyderabad was estimated to be ₹483 crore ( US $ 68 million ) in 2019 as the overall brand of IPL was increased to ₹47,000 crore ( US $ 6.6 billion ) , according to Duff & Phelps . The team made their first IPL appearance in 2013 , where they reached the playoffs , eventually finishing in fourth place . The SunRisers won their maiden IPL title in the 2016 season , defeating Royal Challengers Bangalore by 8 runs in the final . The team has qualified for the play-off stage of the tournament in every season since 2016 . In 2018 , the team reached the finals of the Indian Premier League , but lost to Chennai Super Kings by 8 Wickets , following a century by Shane Watson . The team is considered one of the best bowling sides , often admired for its ability to defend low totals . David Warner is the leading run scorer for the side , having won the Orange Cap 3 times , in 2015 , 2017 , and 2019 . Bhuvneshwar Kumar is the leading wicket-taker .'}]}, {'value': 'Qualifying stage', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runners-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1st', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 September 2013', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Teams', 'section_text': 'Due to the tournament format restricting player contracts from the 2011–12 ( first ) season to only be for that season , all teams of the Big Bash League underwent many changes to their squads . New contracts , however , could be multi-year agreements . [ 18 ] The Sydney Sixers , winners of the 2012 edition , failed to qualify . Pakistan sent a team .', 'uid': '2013_Champions_League_Twenty20_2', 'intro': 'The 2013 Champions League Twenty20 (CLT20) was the fifth edition of Champions League Twenty20, an international Twenty20 cricket tournament. It was held in India from 17 September to 6 October 2013. Sydney Sixers were the defending champions but they failed to qualify for the event. During the finals on 6 October 2013, in a re-match of the opening game, the Mumbai Indians won their 2nd CLT20 title after bowling out the Rajasthan Royals, defeating them by 33 runs.'}	null	null	The last team that qualified plays in what league ?	2013 Indian Premier League
09f6d659ae8267ee	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Virtual_Console_games_for_Wii_U_(Japan)', 'title': 'List of Virtual Console games for Wii U (Japan)', 'header': ['Title', 'Publisher', 'Release Date', 'CERO'], 'data': [{'value': 'PC Genjin : Pithecanthropus Computerurus', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bonk's_Adventure", 'summary': "Bonk 's Adventure is a 2D platform game developed by Red Company and Atlus as the first game in the Bonk series that was released in 1989 in Japan and 1990 in North America for the TurboGrafx-16 . In Japan it was released as PC Genjin ( PC原人 ) in 1989 , a play on the Japanese name for the system , 'PC Engine ' . The game was re-released for the TurboGrafx-16 in the U.S. in 1992 on the Gate of Thunder 4-in-1 game CD-ROM . The game was later ported to the NES , Amiga and arcade systems under different titles ( FC Genjin and BC Genjin ) . A completely different game with the same name appeared on the Game Boy ( under the title GB Genjin in Japan ) . It is also available through Nintendo 's Virtual Console service , on the PlayStation Store and there is a version for mobile phones in Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'December 25 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Takahashi Meijin no Shin Bōken Jima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Adventure_Island', 'summary': "New Adventure Island ( 高橋名人の新冒険島 , Takahashi Meijin no Shin Bōken Jima , Master Takahashi 's New Adventure Island ) is a side-scrolling platform game by Hudson Soft originally released for the PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 in 1992 and later re-released for the Virtual Console service in 2007 and the PlayStation Network in 2011 . It is the fourth game in the Adventure Island series , released shortly after Super Adventure Island for the SNES , but before Adventure Island 3 for the NES ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'January 29 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Super Star Soldier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Super_Star_Soldier', 'summary': "Super Star Soldier ( スーパースターソルジャー , Sūpā Sutā Sorujā ) is a scrolling shooter video game developed by Kaneko and originally published by Hudson Soft in 1990 for the Japanese PC Engine and in 1991 for the North American TurboGrafx-16 . It is the sequel to Star Soldier , and part of a vertical-scrolling shooter series by Hudson Soft . According to the company , many people believed Super Star Soldier 's graphics were the best of any HuCard game . Although the game was popular in Japan , it received less attention from the rest of the world . The Mobile version of Super Star Soldier was released on September 3 , 2007 in Japan . Konami published it for the Virtual Console on Nintendo 's Wii system in North America on November 27 , 2006 , in Japan on December 2 , 2006 , and in Europe on December 8 , 2006 . The game has also been released on the Japanese PlayStation Store on August 19 , 2009 and on the North American PlayStation Store on June 3 , 2011 . It was also released on the Windows Store December 20 , 2013 and on Wii U Virtual Console on February 26 , 2014 , the first being released in Japan only while the Wii U Virtual Console version was released on April 6 , 2017 in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'February 26 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PC Genjin 2', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bonk's_Revenge", 'summary': "Bonk 's Revenge ( PC-原人 2 , or PC-Genjin 2 in Japan ) is a 2D platformer set in prehistory , originally for the TurboGrafx-16 console , created in 1991 by the Red Company for Hudson Soft , and licensed by NEC . This is the second title in the Bonk series and it was re-released for the TurboGrafx-16 in 1992 on the Gate of Thunder 4-in-1 game CD-ROM . A completely different game with the same name appeared on the Game Boy , whereas the original version was re-released for Wii Virtual Console and on the Japanese PlayStation Store . It was also released in Japan on Windows Store on December 13 , 2013 and on Wii U Virtual Console on March 12 , 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'March 12 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gradius', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gradius_(video_game)', 'summary': "Gradius [ a ] is a horizontally scrolling shoot 'em up video game developed and published by Konami . The first game in the Gradius series , it was originally released as a coin-operated arcade game in 1985 . The player maneuvers a spacecraft known as the Vic Viper that must defend itself from the various alien enemies . The game uses a power-up system called the power meter , based upon collecting capsules to purchase additional weapons . The arcade version of Gradius was released internationally outside Japan under the title of Nemesis , although subsequent home releases have the original title . Home versions were released for various platforms , such as the NES , the MSX home computer , and the PC Engine ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'April 16 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Neutopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neutopia', 'summary': 'Neutopia ( ニュートピア , Nyūtopia ) is an overhead action-adventure video game developed by Hudson Soft . It was released by Hudson for the PC Engine in Japan on November 17 , 1989 ( 1989-11-17 ) . It was then released by NEC for the TurboGrafx-16 in North America in 1990 . It was re-released for the Virtual Console service worldwide for the Wii in 2007 and in Japan for the Wii U on April 16 , 2014 ; it was re-released for the PlayStation Network in Japan in 2010 and in North America in 2011 . The game takes place in the land of Neutopia , where the evil demon Dirth has captured Princess Aurora and has stolen the eight ancient medallions which contain the wisdom and power necessary to maintain peace and prosperity throughout the land . It is up to the protagonist Jazeta to retrieve the eight medallions , defeat Dirth , rescue Princess Aurora , and save the land and its people . Neutopia is widely regarded as a clone of the popular Nintendo game The Legend of Zelda in nearly every aspect . Many reviewers have praised the game for making noticeable improvements over Zelda , but various shortcomings - which include long passwords unless the system is used in conjunction with an add-on providing battery-backed RAM , repetitive gameplay , and poor collision detection - prevent the game from being superior to the 1986 Nintendo title . But overall , reviewers have called Neutopia one of the better video games of its type and one of the better titles in the TurboGrafx-16 library . There would eventually be a sequel to the game Neutopia II , in which Jazeta disappears and his son sets out to find him .'}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'April 16 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'R-Type', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/R-Type', 'summary': "R-Type [ a ] is a horizontal-scrolling shooter arcade game developed and released by Irem in 1987 . The player controls a star ship , the R-9 Arrowhead , in its efforts to destroy the Bydo , a powerful alien race bent on wiping out all of mankind . The R-9 can acquire a glowing orbicular device called a Force , protecting it from enemy fire and providing additional firepower . The arcade version was distributed by Nintendo in North America ; it is the last arcade title Nintendo distributed . R-Type was the first game to run on Irem 's 16-bit M72 arcade system . Initially a joke among staff , the Force was based on dung beetles . The development team drew inspiration from Gradius , Aliens and works by H.R . Giger . Music was composed by Masato Ishizaki , while character designs were done by AKIO . The game 's title stems from the word ray , as in a ray of light , in reference to the player 's raylike weapons used throughout the game . R-Type was celebrated by critics for its graphics and addictive gameplay , although it would receive criticism for its high difficulty level . It is commonly cited as one of the best shoot 'em up video games , as well as one of the greatest video games of all time ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'April 30 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Kung Fu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China_Warrior', 'summary': "China Warrior , known in Japan as The Kung Fu ( THE 功夫 ( ザ・クンフー ) ) , is a horizontal beat'em up video game created in 1987 by Hudson Soft for the PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 . The game was ported to mobile phones and the Hudson Channel for the PS2 exclusively in Japan with redone graphics , audio , and gameplay . The PC Engine version was also released for the Wii 's , Nintendo 3DS 's , and Wii U 's Virtual Console and on the Japanese PlayStation Store ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'April 30 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blazing Lazers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blazing_Lazers', 'summary': "Blazing Lazers , known as Gunhed [ a ] in Japan , is a vertically scrolling shooter by Hudson Soft and Compile . It was released in Japan and North America in 1989 for the NEC PC Engine ( TurboGrafx-16 ) . It is based on the Japanese film Gunhed , and the references to the film were removed for the North American release . In the game , a fictional galaxy is under attack by an enemy space armada called the Dark Squadron , and this galaxy 's only chance for survival is the Gunhed Advanced Star Fighter , who must destroy the Dark Squadron and its Super Weapons . The gameplay features fast vertical scrolling and a wide array of weapons for the player to use . Blazing Lazers was produced by the same personnel who developed other video game series such as Puyo Puyo and Super Bomberman as well as other games such as Zanac , The Guardian Legend , and DoReMi Fantasy : Milon 's DokiDoki Adventure . It was one of the first games released for the TurboGrafx-16 and has received critical praise for its graphical capabilities , lack of slowdown , intense gameplay , and sound . The game has been released on the Wii 's Virtual Console service in North America , Europe and Australia in 2007 , and in Japan the following year . It was later released in Japan on the PlayStation Network in 2010 , and on the Wii U 's Virtual Console in 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'June 11 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PC Denjin : Punkic Cyborgs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Air_Zonk', 'summary': "Air Zonk ( also called PC Denjin Punkic Cyborg ! /PC Denjin／Completion○／Clear× ( PC電人／補完○／クリア× , PC denjin/ hokan ￮/ kuria × ) ) is a video game , a side-scrolling shooter released for the TurboGrafx-16 console in 1992 . Air Zonk was an attempt to update the company 's image via a modern , punkish character called Zonk , who bears a purposeful resemblance to the TurboGrafx-16 's caveman mascot , Bonk . The game was developed by Red , better known for their Gate of Thunder series . Air Zonk features King Drool , antagonist of the Bonk series , along with many other enemies from the series . It was followed by a sequel in 1993 called Super Air Zonk : Rockabilly-Paradise for the TurboDuo , and has been released on the Wii 's Virtual Console ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'June 19 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PC Genjin 3', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bonk_3:_Bonk's_Big_Adventure", 'summary': "Bonk 3 : Bonk 's Big Adventure ( PC-原人3 , PC-Genjin 3 ) is an action video game for the TurboGrafx-16 in 1993 , in the Bonk video game series . It was ported to the TurboDuo in 1994 , with a new cover illustration by Marc Ericksen . It was released for the Wii Virtual Console in Europe on August 31 , 2007 and in North America on September 3 , 2007 . It was also released in Japan on the PlayStation Store on January 20 , 2010 and on the Wii U Virtual Console June 25 , 2014 , the latter receiving a North American release on June 29 , 2017 . Bonk 3 : Bonk 's Big Adventure brought the series many new gameplay elements , including candies that made the player shrink and grow , and cooperative multiplayer . The story is similar to that of the other Bonk games , putting the player character up against Evil King Drool and many new enemies in the Dinosaur Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'June 25 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alien Crush', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alien_Crush', 'summary': "Alien Crush is a pinball video game developed by Compile for the PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 . It was released in 1988 . It was later re-released on the Virtual Console and on the PlayStation Network . The game is the first installment in the Crush Pinball series . It was followed by three sequels , Devil 's Crush , Jaki Crush , and Alien Crush Returns ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'July 9 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Be Ball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chew_Man_Fu', 'summary': 'Chew Man Fu ( Be Ball in Japan ) is an action video game for the TurboGrafx-16 released in 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'July 30 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Neutopia II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neutopia_II', 'summary': "Neutopia II ( ニュートピアII , Nyūtopia Tsū ) is an action/adventure game developed by Hudson Soft for the PC-Engine in 1991 . It was released for TurboGrafx-16 in 1992 and is the sequel to Neutopia . Players take control of Jazeta 's son , who must begin a quest to both save his father and defeat Dirth . This game as well as the original was released on the PlayStation Network and Virtual Console ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'July 30 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Final Soldier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Final_Soldier', 'summary': "Final Soldier is a scrolling shooter video game released for the Japanese PC Engine system on July 5 of 1991 and the third game in the main Star Soldier series . It was originally only released in Japan but has been released in Europe for the Wii 's Virtual Console on May 2 , 2008 and in North America on September 8 , 2008 at a cost of 700 Wii Points . It was subsequently released for the Wii Virtual Console in Japan in 2014 and North America in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'August 27 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kaizō Chōjin Shubibinman 2 : Aratanaru Teki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shockman', 'summary': 'Shockman ( known in Japan as Kaizō Chōjin Shubibinman 2 : Aratanaru Teki ( 改造超人シュビビンマン2 新たなる敵 , lit . Modified Superhuman Schbibinman 2 : A New Enemy ) is a 1991 video game developed by Winds and released exclusively for the TurboGrafx-16 . It was released in the United States in 1992 , making it the only game in the Kaizou Choujin Shubibinman series to be released outside Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'August 27 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victory Run', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victory_Run', 'summary': "Victory Run ( ビクトリーラン栄光の13,000キロ - , Bikutoriran Eikou no 13,000 Kiroo , Victory Run : 13,000 Kilometers of Glory ) is a racing game released for the TurboGrafx-16 and is also available on the Nintendo Wii 's Virtual Console and on PlayStation Network . The game depicts the Paris-Dakar Rally , one of the earliest to do so . One of the unique features at the time of release of Victory Run was that the car 's parts degraded as they are used and/or abused . Degraded parts could be replaced , but only if the player has the correct type of spare part . The player can acquire up to 20 spare parts before the first race , but can not acquire any more spare parts after starting the first race ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'September 17 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Soldier Blade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soldier_Blade', 'summary': "Soldier Blade [ a ] is a 1992 vertical-scrolling shooter video game developed and published by Hudson Soft for the TurboGrafx-16 . Controlling the titular starship , the player is tasked with completing each of the game 's seven stages in order to wipe out the Zeograd Army , an alien race bent on conquering Earth . Power capsules can be collected to give the Soldier Blade access to new weapons , and can even be destroyed to unleash a powerful screen-clearing superweapon . The game is the fourth entry in the Star Soldier series and shares many similarities with its predecessor Super Star Soldier , with Soldier Blade having a heavy emphasis on speed . The initial idea for Soldier Blade came from Hudson designer Uriko Uribo 's conversations with other employees over which game to use for the company 's upcoming Caravan video game tournament . With the event only six months away , Uribo was hesitant to begin production , however executives from Hudson pushed for him to go forward with the idea . Uribo was simultaneously working on several Game Boy games when development began , giving him less time to focus on the project until these games were completed . The game was originally titled Sonic Blaster F-92 , which was changed to Soldier Blade due to trademark issues with another developer . Miscommunication between Uribo and staff lead to several mechanics being altered or changed by mistake , such as several stronger enemies instead being easy to kill . Time and hardware constraints added pressure to the team , leading to several ideas being heavily modified or scrapped entirely . It began development on a 6-megabit HuCard , reduced to a 4-megabit one later on . Although the game was rushed to meet its deadline , Soldier Blade was liked by critics for its gameplay , visuals and power-up system , though some thought it lacked originality and felt inferior to Hudson 's previous shooters for the system , namely Blazing Lazers and Final Soldier ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'September 24 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Power Golf', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Power_Golf', 'summary': "Power Golf is a golf video game released by Hudson Soft for the TurboGrafx-16 on August 29 , 1989 as one of the system 's launch titles . It was part of the Power Sports Series , a series of sports games released between 1988 and 1998 . The game was released for the Wii Virtual Console on October 9 , 2007 in Japan , on November 5 , 2007 , in North America , and on November 9 , 2007 in Europe , and was released for the Windows Store on May 1 , 2014 and for the Wii U Virtual Console on October 22 , 2014 in Japan . Played using primarily an overhead view of each hole , Power Golf features stroke and match play , and a competition mode that supports up to three players ."}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'October 22 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salamander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salamander_(video_game)', 'summary': 'Salamander , Saramanda ) , retitled Life Force ( ライフフォース , Raifu Fōsu ) in North America and in the Japanese arcade re-release , in Europe known as Life Force : Salamander , is a scrolling shooter arcade game by Konami . Released in 1986 as a spin-off of Gradius , Salamander introduced a simplified power-up system , two-player cooperative gameplay and both horizontally and vertically scrolling stages . Some of these later became the norm for future Gradius games . Salamander was followed with a sequel in 1996 titled Salamander 2 .'}]}, {'value': 'Konami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konami', 'summary': "Konami Holdings Corporation [ nb 1 ] [ nb 2 ] is a Japanese entertainment and gambling conglomerate . It operates as a product distributor ( which produces and distributes trading cards , anime , tokusatsu , slot machines , pachinko machines and arcade cabinets ) , video game developer and publisher company . Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan . Konami 's video game franchisee include Metal Gear , Silent Hill , Castlevania , Contra , Frogger , Gradius , Yu-Gi-Oh ! , Suikoden and Pro Evolution Soccer . Additionally , Konami owns Bemani , known for Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania , as well as the assets of former game developer Hudson Soft , known for Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bonk , Bloody Roar and Star Soldier . Konami is the twentieth-largest game company in the world by revenue . The company originated in 1969 as a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka , Osaka , Japan , by Kagemasa Kōzuki , who remains the company 's chairman . The name Konami is a portmanteau of the names Kagemasa Kozuki , Yoshinobu Nakama , and Tatsuo Miyasako . Konami is headquartered in Tokyo . In the United States , Konami manages its video game business from offices in El Segundo , California and its casino gaming business from offices in Paradise , Nevada . Its Australian gaming operations are located in Sydney . As of March 2019 , it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'October 22 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Available titles -- PC Engine', 'section_text': 'There are currently 52 games available to purchase .', 'uid': 'List_of_Virtual_Console_games_for_Wii_U_(Japan)_5', 'intro': 'The following is the complete list of the 481 Virtual Console titles available for the Wii U in Japan sorted by system and release date. English translations are highlighted between parenthesis.'}	null	null	The game released by Konami on January 29 , 2014 belongs to what genre ?	side-scrolling platform
09f8c918ba78c81e	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_archery', 'title': 'List of Olympic venues in archery', 'header': ['Games', 'Venue', 'Other sports hosted at venue for games', 'Capacity'], 'data': [{'value': '1900 Paris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1900 Summer Olympics ( French : Les Jeux olympiques d'été de 1900 ) , today officially known as the Games of the II Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that took place in Paris , France , in 1900 . No opening or closing ceremonies were held ; competitions began on 14 May and ended on 28 October . The Games were held as part of the 1900 World 's Fair . In total , 997 competitors took part in 19 different sports . This number relies on certain assumptions about which events were and were not Olympic . Many athletes , among them some who won events , did n't know that they had competed in the Olympic Games . Women took part in the games for the first time , and sailor Hélène de Pourtalès , born Helen Barbey in New York City , became the first female Olympic champion . The decision to hold competitions on a Sunday brought protests from many American athletes , who travelled as representatives of their colleges and were expected to withdraw rather than compete on their religious day of rest . At the Sorbonne conference of 1894 , Pierre de Coubertin proposed that the Olympic Games should take place in 1900 in Paris . The delegates to the conference were unwilling to wait six years and lobbied to hold the first games in 1896 . A decision was made to hold the first Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens and that Paris would host the second celebration . Most of the winners in 1900 did not receive medals , but were given cups or trophies ."}]}, {'value': 'Bois de Vincennes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bois_de_Vincennes', 'summary': 'The Bois de Vincennes ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ bwɑ.d ( ə ) .vɛ̃.sɛn ] ) , located on the eastern edge of Paris , is the largest public park in the city . It was created between 1855 and 1866 by the Emperor Napoleon III . The park is next to the Château de Vincennes , a former residence of the Kings of France . It contains an English landscape garden with four lakes ; a zoo ; an arboretum ; a botanical garden ; a hippodrome or horse-racing track ; a velodrome for bicycle races ; and the campus of the French national institute of sports and physical education . The park is known for prostitution after dark .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1904 St. Louis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1904 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in St. Louis , Missouri , United States from August 29 until September 3 , 1904 , as part of an extended sports program lasting from July 1 to November 23 , 1904 , located at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis . It was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe . Boxing , the oldest combat sport , was introduced . Tensions caused by the Russo-Japanese War and the difficulty of getting to St. Louis in 1904 may have contributed to the fact that very few top ranked athletes from outside the US and Canada took part in these Games . Only 62 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America , and only 12-15 nations were represented in all . Some events combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship . The current three-medal ( gold , silver , and bronze for first , second , and third places ) format was introduced at the 1904 Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Francis Field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Francis_Field_(St._Louis)', 'summary': "Francis Olympic Field is a stadium at Washington University in St. Louis that was used as the main stadium for the 1904 Summer Olympics . It is currently used by the university 's track and field , cross country , football , and soccer teams . It is located in St. Louis County , Missouri on the far western edge of the university 's Danforth Campus . Built in time for the 1904 World 's Fair , the stadium once had a 19,000-person seating capacity , but stadium renovations in 1984 reduced the capacity to 3,300 people . It is one of the oldest sports venues west of the Mississippi River that is still in use . Francis Olympic Field now utilizes artificial Field Turf , which can be configured for both soccer and football . Francis Olympic Field was named for former Missouri governor and president of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition David R. Francis in October 1907 . The word Olympic was added in 2019 to reflect its role in the 1904 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics , Cycling , Football , Gymnastics , Lacrosse , Roque , Tennis , Tug of war , Weightlifting , and Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1904 Summer Olympics , twenty-five athletics events were contested . A total of 74 medals ( 25 gold , 25 silver , 24 bronze ) were awarded . Multi-event competitions , the all-around and triathlon , were introduced . The short steeplechase was lengthened slightly , from 2500 to 2590 metres , while the long steeplechase was dropped . The 5000 metre team race was replaced with the 4 mile team race ( 6,437 m ) . A 56-pound weight throw was added . In all , the 25 events featured in 1904 were 2 more than were held in 1900 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1904 Summer Olympics , seven cycling events were contested . It was the only time distances based on the mile were used to determine the length of events .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Football_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Men 's association football ( soccer ) was contested at the 1904 Summer Olympics . A total of three club teams competed , two representing the United States , both from host city St. Louis , and one representing Canada , from Galt ( now Cambridge ) , Ontario . Originally two other Canadian teams had also been scheduled for the competition , Berlin Rangers and the University of Toronto , but both withdrew before the competition . The 1904 Olympic Games were spread over several months , linked to the St. Louis World 's Fair , and football , in November , was the last sport to be contested . The tournament was played as a straight round-robin , although the game between Christian Brothers College and St. Rose Parish was replayed due to a draw in their first game . Gold medals were awarded at these Olympics for the first time . Galt F.C . ( Canada ) won the gold medal , Christian Brothers College ( United States ) the silver , and St. Rose Parish ( United States ) the bronze . These results are the best that either Canada or the United States have achieved in men 's Olympic football . The 1904 contest is considered to be an official contest by IOC , although not by FIFA because no national teams were involved in the competition ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1904 Summer Olympics of Saint Louis , Missouri , eleven gymnastics events were contested for the first time . The 1904 Games had a program of events spread out over several months , and the gymnastics competition was no different . The International Olympic Committee considers two sets of events as Olympic :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lacrosse_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The sport of field lacrosse was played at the 1904 Summer Olympics , which marked the first time that lacrosse had been featured at the Olympic Games . Three teams participated - two from Canada and one from the United States . One of the Canadian teams consisted entirely of Mohawk nation players . The Shamrock Lacrosse Team is more commonly known as the Winnipeg Shamrocks , and is unrelated to the then Canadian champions Montreal Shamrocks . A second American team , the Brooklyn Crescents , was originally slated to round out the field but did not participate . In June , they were ruled to have used professional players that spring ; however , they were still scheduled to play a semi-final against the Shamrocks , but did not show for the match . Recent scholarship has indicated that the lacrosse tournament at the 1904 Games is nowhere near as orderly as presented above -- among other things , the game between Triple A and Mohawk Indians was actually a four-game series , tied at two games apiece , and the Mohawks may not have been an Olympic team at all , but a participant in an indigenous games competition with other tribes .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Roque_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis , a roque tournament was contested . It was the only time that roque was included in the Olympic program .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Two events in tennis were contested at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis , United States . The competitions were held from Monday , August 29 , 1904 to Monday , September 5 , 1904 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tug_of_war_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1904 Summer Olympics , a tug of war tournament was contested . Six teams from three nations competing , with a total of 30 athletes involved .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis , two weightlifting events were contested .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1904 Summer Olympics , seven wrestling events were contested , all in the freestyle discipline for men . All wrestlers who competed in the 1904 Games were from the United States . It was the first time freestyle wrestling was featured , as the first Olympic wrestling contests had been in the Greco-Roman style . Weight classes also made their first appearance .'}]}, {'value': '19,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1908 London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1908 Summer Olympics , officially the Games of the IV Olympiad , were an international multi-sport event which was held in 1908 in London , United Kingdom from 27 April to 31 October 1908 . These games were originally scheduled to be held in Rome , but relocation on financial grounds followed a disastrous eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906 . They were the fourth chronological modern Summer Olympics in keeping with the now-accepted four-year cycle as opposed to the alternate four-year cycle of the proposed Intercalated Games . The IOC president for these Games was Baron Pierre de Coubertin . Lasting a total of 187 days , or 6 months and 4 days , these games were the longest in modern Olympics history ; nowadays , the Games ordinarily last 17 days since 1988 .'}]}, {'value': 'White City Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/White_City_Stadium', 'summary': 'The White City Stadium was a stadium located in White City , London , England . Built for the 1908 Summer Olympics , it hosted the finish of the first modern marathon and other sports like swimming , speedway , boxing , show jumping , athletics , stock car racing , concerts and a match at the 1966 World Cup . From 1927 it was a venue for greyhound racing , hosting the English Greyhound Derby until its closure in 1984 . The stadium was demolished in 1985 and the site is now occupied by BBC White City .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics , Cycling ( track ) , Diving , Field hockey , Football , Gymnastics , Lacrosse , Rugby union , Swimming , Tug of war , Water polo ( final ) , Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics held in London , England , 26 athletics events were contested , all for men only . A total of 79 medals ( 27 gold , 27 silver , 25 bronze ) were awarded . Each nation was allowed to enter up to 12 competitors in most of the events . In the team races ( the medley relay and the 3 mile team race ) , each nation entered one team . The medley relay was run by four athletes , with four alternates allowed . In the 3 mile team race , five athletes from each nation ran with only three counting . The competition was restricted to amateurs , and was held under the rules of the British Amateur Athletic Association .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1908 Summer Olympics , seven track cycling events were contested , all for men only . The weather was poor , with rainfall causing the track to flood on occasion . The track was 660 yards long ( being built around the perimeter of the White City Stadium 's athletics track ) ; some events ( the 660 yards and the team pursuit ) used full laps of the track ; the others used metric distances ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Diving_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , two diving events were contested , both for men only . The competition was held on Tuesday July 14 , 1908 and Friday July 24 , 1908 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , a field hockey tournament was contested for the first time . Six teams entered the tournament : England , Ireland , Scotland , Wales , Germany and France . England won the gold medal , Ireland the silver and Scotland and Wales were awarded bronze medals . All the medals were subsequently credited to Great Britain .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Football_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , Great Britain , an official football tournament between national representative selections was contested for the first time : football at the two previous games had been played between club teams . Eight teams entered ( including two from France , the main team and a B side ) , although Hungary and Bohemia withdrew before the start . Denmark 's Sophus Krølben Nielsen set a record by scoring 10 goals in a 17-1 win against France . Great Britain won the gold . Among those representing the Danish team was the famous mathematician Harald Bohr ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , two gymnastics events were contested . No nation was successful in winning more than one medal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lacrosse_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'A field lacrosse game was played between Canada and Great Britain at the 1908 Summer Olympics . The game marked the second appearance of lacrosse at the Olympics , the first being at the 1904 Summer Olympics . Only two teams competed - one fewer than in 1904 . South Africa was slated to send a team but then withdrew prior to the tournament . Both teams held try-outs to select the players to represent their country . The game was tied 9-9 in the fourth period , before Canada scored 5 straight goals to pull ahead . Canada won 14-10 to earn their second of two gold medals , the only lacrosse gold medals given out in the Olympic Games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Rugby union at the 1908 Summer Olympics . The event was summarised under the Football heading along with association football . The host Great Britain was represented by Cornwall , the 1908 county champion . Defending Olympic champions France withdrew , leaving Australasia , ( represented in rugby by the Australia national team exclusively ) as the only other remaining entrant .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , six swimming events were contested . These were the first Olympic Games in which a 100-metre pool had been especially constructed ( inside the main stadium 's track and field oval ) . Previous Olympic events were swum in open water ( 1896 : The Mediterranean Sea , 1900 : The Seine River , 1904 : an artificial lake ) . Only men participated in the swimming events . The competitions were held from Monday , July 13 , 1908 , to Saturday , July 25 , 1908 . All six of the 1908 events became staples of the Olympic swimming programme , and have been contested at every edition of the Games since . The 50 m , 200 m , and 800 m freestyle events were dropped from the previous edition ( though the 50 m and 200 m would later return ) , the relay was lengthened from 4×50 yards to 4×200 m , and the 400 m breaststroke was shortened to 200 metres . Canada and Finland made their first appearances in swimming , while Austria , Hungary , and the United States continued their streaks of appearing each time . Fourteen nations competed in all , with 100 swimmers entering the events ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tug_of_war_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , a tug of war tournament was contested .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , a water polo tournament was contested .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , nine wrestling events were contested , all for men . There were four weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and five weight classes in freestyle wrestling . Greco-Roman reappeared for the first time since the 1896 Summer Olympics , with weight classes for the first time . The number of classes in freestyle was reduced from 7 to 5 , with the light fly , fly , and welterweight classes dropped but the middleweight added . The addition of the 4 Greco-Roman classes brought the total number of events in wrestling up to 9 .'}]}, {'value': '97,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1920 Antwerp', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1920 Summer Olympics ( French : Les Jeux olympiques d'été de 1920 ; Dutch : Olympische Zomerspelen van de VIIe Olympiade ; German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1920 ) , officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad , were an international multi-sport event in 1920 in Antwerp , Belgium . In March 1912 , during the 13th session of the IOC , Belgium 's bid to host the 1920 Summer Olympics was made by Baron Édouard de Laveleye , president of the Belgian Olympic Committee and of the Royal Belgian Football Association . No fixed host city was proposed at the time . The 1916 Summer Olympics , to be held in Berlin , capital of the German Empire , were cancelled due to World War I . The aftermath of the war and the Paris Peace Conference , 1919 affected the Olympic Games not only due to new states being created , but also by sanctions against the nations that lost the war and were blamed for starting it . Hungary , Germany , Austria , Bulgaria , and the Ottoman Empire were banned from competing in the Games . Germany did not return to Olympic competition until 1928 and instead hosted a series of games called Deutsche Kampfspiele , starting with the Winter edition of 1922 ( which predated the first Winter Olympics ) . The United States won the most gold and overall medals . The sailing events were held in Ostend , Belgium , and two in Amsterdam , Netherlands ."}]}, {'value': 'Nachtegalen Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nachtegalen_Park', 'summary': 'Nachtegalen Park ( Nightingale Park in ( in Dutch ) ) is a park located in the Antwerp , Belgium municipality of Wilrijk . It served as the archery venue for the 1920 Summer Olympics . During World War II , the park was headquarters for the 89th German Army Corps , then it became command post of the 719th Infantry Division . The park is home to the Atlantic Wall & Air War Bunker Museum .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972 Munich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1972 Summer Olympics ( German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1972 ) , officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Munich , West Germany , from 26 August to 11 September 1972 . The sporting nature of the event was largely overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week , in which eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at Olympic village were killed by Black September terrorists . The 1972 Summer Olympics were the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany , after the 1936 Games in Berlin , which had taken place under the Nazi regime . The West German Government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world , as shown by the Games ' official motto , Die Heiteren Spiele , or the cheerful Games . The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo ( the Bright Sun ) by Otl Aicher , the designer and director of the visual conception commission . The Olympic mascot , the dachshund Waldi , was the first officially named Olympic mascot . The Olympic Fanfare was composed by Herbert Rehbein . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals . The Olympic Park ( Olympiapark ) is based on Frei Otto 's plans and after the Games became a Munich landmark . The competition sites , designed by architect Günther Behnisch , included the Olympic swimming hall , the Olympics Hall ( Olympiahalle , a multipurpose facility ) and the Olympic Stadium ( Olympiastadion ) , and an Olympic village very close to the park . The design of the stadium was considered revolutionary , with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes , used on such a large scale for the first time ."}]}, {'value': 'Bogenschießlage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Englischer_Garten', 'summary': "The Englischer Garten ( German : [ ˈʔɛŋlɪʃɐ ˈɡaʁtn̩ ] , English Garden ) is a large public park in the centre of Munich , Bavaria , stretching from the city centre to the northeastern city limits . It was created in 1789 by Sir Benjamin Thompson ( 1753-1814 ) , later Count Rumford ( Reichsgraf von Rumford ) , for Prince Charles Theodore , Elector of Bavaria . Thompson 's successors , Reinhard von Werneck ( 1757-1842 ) and Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell ( 1750-1823 ) , advisers on the project from its beginning , both extended and improved the park . With an area of 3.7 km2 ( 1.4 sq mi ) ( 370 ha or 910 acres ) , the Englischer Garten is one of the world 's largest urban public parks . The name refers to its English garden form of informal landscape , a style popular in England from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century and particularly associated with Capability Brown ."}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,100', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976 Montreal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1976 Summer Olympics , officially called the Games of the XXI Olympiad ( French : Les XXIes olympiques d'été ) , was an international multi-sport event in Montreal , Quebec , Canada , in 1976 , and the first Olympic Games held in Canada . Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12 , 1970 , at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam , over the bids of Moscow and Los Angeles . It was the first and , so far , only Summer Olympic Games to be held in Canada . Calgary and Vancouver later hosted the Winter Olympic Games in 1988 and 2010 , respectively . Twenty-nine countries , mostly African , boycotted the Montreal Games when the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) refused to ban New Zealand , after the New Zealand national rugby union team had toured South Africa earlier in 1976 in defiance of the United Nations ' calls for a sporting embargo . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Olympic Archery Field , Joliette', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympic_Archery_Field,_Joliette', 'summary': "The Olympic Archery Field , Joliette was a field located in Joliette , Quebec . Approved in 1974 by the International Archery Federation ( FITA ) for use , it hosted the archery competitions for the 1976 Summer Olympics . The site is still in use today . It is run by the Club de Tir à l'Arc de Joliette . The address of the site is : 1505 Boulevard Base-de-Roc , Joliette QC ."}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980 Moscow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1980 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad ( Russian : И́гры XXII Олимпиа́ды , tr . Igry XXII Olimpiady ) , was an international multi-sport event held in Moscow , Soviet Union , in present-day Russia . The 1980 Games were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Eastern Europe , and remain the only Summer Olympics held there , as well as the first Olympic Games to be held in a Slavic language-speaking country . They were also the only Olympic Games to be held in a communist country until 2008 in China . These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris , 3rd Baron Killanin . Eighty nations were represented at the Moscow Games - the smallest number since 1956 . Led by the United States , 66 countries boycotted the games entirely because of the Soviet-Afghan War . Some athletes from some of the boycotting countries ( they are not included in the list of 66 countries that boycotted the games entirely ) participated in the games under the Olympic Flag . The Soviet Union would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals , with the USSR and East Germany winning 127 out of 204 available golds .'}]}, {'value': 'Krylatskoye Sports Complex Archery Field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Krylatskoye_Sports_Complex_Archery_Field', 'summary': 'The Krylatskoye Sports Complex Archery Field is a sports venue located in Moscow , Russia . Located near the Canoeing and Rowing Basin , it hosted the archery competitions for the 1980 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984 Los Angeles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1984 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12 , 1984 , in Los Angeles , California , United States ( and other venues around the United States ) . This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games , the first being in 1932 . California was the home state of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games . The logo for the 1984 Games , branded Stars in Motion , featured red , white and blue stars arranged horizontally and struck through with alternating streaks . The official mascot of the Games was Sam the Olympic Eagle . These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by a total of fourteen Eastern Bloc countries , including the Soviet Union and East Germany , in response to the American-led boycott of the previous 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation that opted to attend the Games . Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games for unrelated reasons . Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to the boycott , 140 National Olympic Committees took part , which was a record at the time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics and served as an example of how to run the model Olympic Games . As a result of low construction costs , coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding , the 1984 Olympic Games generated a profit of more than $ 250 million .'}]}, {'value': 'El Dorado Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/El_Dorado_Park,_Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': "The El Dorado Park neighborhood of Long Beach , California , is on the east side of the city adjacent to the large El Dorado Regional Park . Lakewood is north of El Dorado Park , while Hawaiian Gardens is northeast , and Los Alamitos is east of El Dorado Park . The park is bounded on the east by the 605 Freeway , on the north by the Long Beach Town Center shopping mall , and on the south by Stearns Street . Because of the barrier of the freeway and park between the neighborhood and the rest of Long Beach , as well as the barrier created by near Norwalk Blvd and the Coyote creek and the neighboring cities , the El Dorado Park neighborhood feels quite separate . The regional park sits in a flood zone , and it protects residences from spillover from the neighboring San Gabriel River . Additional undeveloped land south of Willow street near the confluence of Coyote Creek and the San Gabriel River is held by Southern California Edison , and some designated to become part of the park 's Nature Center . The park was developed in 1968 after the land was sold to the City of Long Beach by members of the Bixby family and was financed using bond money floated in the 1950s and '60s , and the varied topography comes from soil removed to construct the San Gabriel Freeway . With a median household income of $ 130,959 , El Dorado Park is reportedly the wealthiest neighborhood in Long Beach ."}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988 Seoul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Hwarang Archery Field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hwarang_Archery_Field', 'summary': 'The Hwarang Archery Field is an archery field constructed between November 1985 and January 1986 , and then renovated between May and August 1988 . It hosted the archery competitions for the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,200', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992 Barcelona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain from 25 July to 9 August 1992 . Beginning in 1994 , the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years . The 1992 Summer Olympics was the last occasion for the Summer and Winter Olympics to be staged in the same year . This Olympiad was the first since the end of the Cold War , and was unaffected by boycotts for the first time since the 1972 Olympiad . The Unified Team topped the medal table , winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Olympic Archery Field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Camp_Olímpic_de_Tir_amb_Arc', 'summary': "The Camp Olímpic de Tir amb Arc ( English : Olympic Archery Field ) was a temporary venue located in Barcelona . It hosted the archery competitions for the 1992 Summer Olympics . It was located in a site at the Ronda de Dalt , next to the Pavelló de la Vall d'Hebron , in the Barcelona district of Horta-Guinardó . After the Olympics , it was remodelled into Ciutat Esportiva Municipal Vall d'Hebron-Teixonera ( English : Vall d'Hebrón-Teixonera Municipal Sports City ) , which consists of two football ( soccer ) fields , a rugby field and an annexe service area ."}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996 Atlanta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Stone Mountain Park Archery Center and Velodrome', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stone_Mountain', 'summary': "Stone Mountain is a quartz monzonite dome monadnock and the site of Stone Mountain Park near Stone Mountain , Georgia . At its summit , the elevation is 1,686 feet ( 514 m ) above sea level and 825 feet ( 251 m ) above the surrounding area . Stone Mountain is well known for not only its geology , but also the enormous rock relief on its north face , the largest bas-relief in the world . The carving depicts three Confederate figures , Jefferson Davis , Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson , and has been the subject of widespread controversy . Stone Mountain was once owned by the Venable Brothers . It was purchased by the State of Georgia in 1958 as a memorial to the Confederacy . Stone Mountain Park officially opened on April 14 , 1965 - 100 years to the day after Lincoln 's assassination , although the park had been in use for a few years . It is the most visited destination in the state of Georgia . Stone Mountain is more than 5 miles ( 8 km ) in circumference at its base . The summit of the mountain can be reached by a walk-up trail on the west side of the mountain or by the Skyride aerial tram ."}]}, {'value': 'Cycling ( track )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The cycling competitions at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta consisted of three separate categories : road cycling , track cycling and mountain biking . The road cycling events took place in downtown Atlanta , track cycling was carried out at the Stone Mountain velodrome in neighboring DeKalb County , and the mountain biking events were held at the Georgia International Horse Park in Conyers .'}]}, {'value': '5,200 ( archery ) 6,000 ( cycling track )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000 Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sydney International Archery Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_International_Archery_Park', 'summary': "The Sydney International Archery Park was specially designed for archery during the 2000 Summer Olympics . The stadium is located in Sydney Olympic Park . It was designed by Stutchbury and Pape . The Archery Centre is located opposite the Waterfront Apartments on Bennelong Parkway , and is about 3 km from Sydney Olympic Park town centre . The venue hosts a wide range of events , such as school holiday programs for kids , beginners ' courses , school programs , casual archers and professional coaching . There are facilities available for corporate team building , as well as laser clay pigeon shooting . The venue sports a 100 x 10 metre Archery pavilion , and has parking spaces for bicycles and 80 motor vehicles . Simon Fairweather won the first ever gold medal for Australia during the Sydney 2000 Olympic games ."}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004 Athens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Panathinaiko Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Panathinaiko_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Panathenaic Stadium ( Greek : Παναθηναϊκό Στάδιο , romanized : Panathinaïkó Stádio , [ panaθinaiˈko sˈtaðio ] ) [ a ] or Kallimarmaro ( Καλλιμάρμαρο , [ kaliˈmarmaro ] , lit . beautiful marble ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Athens , Greece . One of the main historic attractions of Athens , it is the only stadium in the world built entirely of marble . A stadium was built on the site of a simple racecourse by the Athenian statesman Lykourgos ( Lycurgus ) c. 330 BC , primarily for the Panathenaic Games . It was rebuilt in marble by Herodes Atticus , an Athenian Roman senator , by 144 AD and had a capacity of 50,000 seats . After the rise of Christianity in the 4th century it was largely abandoned . The stadium was excavated in 1869 and hosted the Zappas Olympics in 1870 and 1875 . After being refurbished , it hosted the opening and closing ceremonies of the first modern Olympics in 1896 and was the venue for 4 of the 9 contested sports . It was used for various purposes in the 20th century and was once again used as an Olympic venue in 2004 . It is the finishing point for the annual Athens Classic Marathon . It is also the last venue in Greece from where the Olympic flame handover ceremony to the host nation takes place .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics ( marathon finish )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics , the athletics events were held at the Athens Olympic Stadium from August 18 to August 29 , except for the marathons ( run from Marathonas to the Kallimarmaro Stadium ) , the race walks ( on the streets of Athens ) , and the shot put ( held at the Ancient Olympia Stadium ) . A total of 46 events were contested , of which 24 by male and 22 by female athletes .'}]}, {'value': '7,500 ( archery ) 34,500 ( athletics marathon finish )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008 Beijing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Olympic Green Archery Field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympic_Green_Archery_Field', 'summary': 'The Olympic Green Archery Field ( simplified Chinese : 北京奥林匹克公园射箭场 ; traditional Chinese : 北京奧林匹克公園射箭場 ; pinyin : Běijīng Àolínpǐkè Gōngyuán Shèjiànchǎng ) was one of nine temporary venues for the 2008 Summer Olympics . It hosted the archery events . The field occupied 9.22 hectares and had a seating capacity of 5,000 . After the games it was dismantled .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012 London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': "Lord 's Cricket Ground", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Lord's_Cricket_Ground", 'summary': "Lord 's Cricket Ground , commonly known as Lord 's , is a cricket venue in St John 's Wood , London . Named after its founder , Thomas Lord , it is owned by Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC ) and is the home of Middlesex County Cricket Club , the England and Wales Cricket Board ( ECB ) , the European Cricket Council ( ECC ) and , until August 2005 , the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) . Lord 's is widely referred to as the Home of Cricket and is home to the world 's oldest sporting museum . Lord 's today is not on its original site ; it is the third of three grounds that Lord established between 1787 and 1814 . His first ground , now referred to as Lord 's Old Ground , was where Dorset Square now stands . His second ground , Lord 's Middle Ground , was used from 1811 to 1813 before being abandoned to make way for the construction through its outfield of the Regent 's Canal . The present Lord 's ground is about 250 yards ( 230 m ) north-west of the site of the Middle Ground . The ground can hold 30,000 spectators . Proposals are being developed to increase capacity and amenity . As of December 2013 [ update ] , it was proposed to redevelop the ground at a cost of around £200 million over a 14-year period . The current ground celebrated its two hundredth anniversary in 2014 . To mark the occasion , on 5 July an MCC XI captained by Sachin Tendulkar played a Rest of the World XI led by Shane Warne in a 50 overs match ."}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6,500 ( temporary )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016 Rio de Janeiro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Portuguese : Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , [ a ] officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( Portuguese : Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada ) and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August . These were the first Olympic Games ever to be held in South America and the fourth to be held in a developing country , after the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico , the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in China . More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees took part , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus . These were the first Summer Olympic Games to take place under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city ever to host the Olympic Games . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country 's winter season , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere . The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold and overall medals , 46 and 121 , as well as its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after it had been host nation . China finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Sambódromo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sambadrome_Marquês_de_Sapucaí', 'summary': 'The Sambadrome Marquês de Sapucaí is a purpose-built parade area built for the Rio Carnival in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . The venue is also known as Passarela Professor Darcy Ribeiro or simply the Sambódromo in Portuguese or Sambadrome in English . It is located in the downtown area of Cidade Nova in Rio de Janeiro , and is the place where samba schools parade competitively each year during the Rio Carnival . The parades attract many thousands of Brazilians and foreign tourists each year , and the structure is also used as a multi-purpose performance venue . The structures of the Sambadrome were designed by the architect Oscar Niemeyer ( 1907-2012 ) , and represent his first major work after the end of the Brazilian dictatorship of 1964-1985 .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics ( marathon )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Athletics has been contested at every Summer Olympics since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics . The athletics program traces its earliest roots to events used in the ancient Greek Olympics . The modern program includes track and field events , road running events , and racewalking events . Cross country running was also on the program in earlier editions but it was dropped after the 1924 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '72,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020 Tokyo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2020 Summer Olympics ( Japanese : 2020年夏季オリンピック , Hepburn : Nisen Nijū-nen Kaki Orinpikku ) , officially known as the Games of the XXXII Olympiad ( Japanese : 第三十二回オリンピック競技大会 , Hepburn : Dai Sanjūni-kai Orinpikku Kyōgi Taikai ) and commonly known as Tokyo 2020 ( tōkyō nisen-nijū ) or the Recovery Olympics ( Fukkō Gorin ( Japanese : 復興五輪 ) , in reference to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster recovery ) , is an upcoming international multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020 in Tokyo , Japan , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 22 July . Tokyo was selected as the host city during the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires , Argentina on 7 September 2013 . This will be the second time that Japan and specifically Tokyo has hosted the Summer Olympic Games , the first being in 1964 , making it the first city in Asia to host the summer Games twice . Overall , these will be the fourth Olympic Games to be held in Japan , which also hosted the Winter Olympics in 1972 ( Sapporo ) and 1998 ( Nagano ) . The 2020 Games will be the second of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia , the first being the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang County , South Korea , and the next being the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing , China . These Games will see the introduction of new and additional competitions at the Summer Olympics , including 3x3 basketball , freestyle BMX and Madison cycling , as well as further mixed events . Under new IOC policies that allow the host organizing committee to add sports to the Olympic programme to augment the permanent core Olympic events , these Games will see karate , sport climbing , surfing and skateboarding make their Olympic debuts , as well as the return of baseball and softball for the first time since 2008 .'}]}, {'value': 'Dream Island Archery Field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yumenoshima', 'summary': 'Not to be confused with Yumeshima , an artificial island in Osaka Bay Yumenoshima ( 夢の島 , lit . Dream Island or Island of Dream ) is a district in Kōtō , Tokyo , Japan , consisting of an artificial island built using waste landfill . It is not the first such island in the bay ( See Umi-no-mori ja : 海の森公園 ) , however at current fill rates there will be no more room for waste landfill in the bay without affecting shipping lanes by around 2050 , likewise Osaka Bay and Ise Bay also are slowing being consumed by waste landfill islands , e.g . Rinku Town .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5,600', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Bois de Vincennes hosted the first archery competitions for the Summer Olympics at Paris in 1900 . Panathinaiko Stadium hosted the archery competitions and the marathon finish for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . Sambódromo hosted the archery competitions and the marathon finish for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . For the Summer Olympics , there are 17 venues that have been or will be used for archery .', 'uid': 'List_of_Olympic_venues_in_archery_0', 'intro': 'For the Summer Olympics, there are 17 venues that have been or will be used for archery.'}	null	null	What was the capacity of the venue ( s ) for the Olympics that were held August 26 to September 11 ?	1,100
09faa3c9cdb7ee6f	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campeonato_Catarinense', 'title': 'Campeonato Catarinense', 'header': ['Team', 'City', 'Titles ( most recent )', 'Runners-up ( most recent )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Figueirense', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figueirense_Futebol_Clube', 'summary': 'Figueirense Futebol Clube , also known as Figueirense ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ fiɡejˈɾẽsi ] ) , is a Brazilian football club based in Florianópolis , Santa Catarina . Their home stadium is Estádio Orlando Scarpelli , also known as Scarpelão , with a capacity of 19,584 . In the state of Santa Catarina , Figueirense is the club that more often participated in Campeonato Brasileiro Série A , with 17 holdings by 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Florianópolis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florianópolis', 'summary': "Florianópolis ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ floɾi.aˈnɔpolis ] ) is the capital and second largest city of the state of Santa Catarina , in the South region of Brazil . The city encompasses Santa Catarina Island and surrounding small islands , as well as part of the mainland . It has a population of 477,798 , according to the 2016 IBGE ( Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ) population estimate , the second most populous city in the state ( after Joinville ) , and the 47th in Brazil . The metropolitan area has an estimated population of 1,111,702 , the 21st largest in the country . The city is known for having the country 's third highest Human Development Index score among all Brazilian cities ( 0.847 ) . The city is considered safe by Brazilian standards [ dubious - discuss ] . In 2014 , Florianópolis had the second-lowest incidence of murders of Brazilian capitals . The economy of Florianópolis is heavily based on information technology , tourism and services . The city has 60 beaches and is a center of surfing activity . Lagoa da Conceição is the most famous area for tourism , recreation , nature and radical sports . The New York Times reported that Florianopolis is the Party Destination of the Year in 2009 . Newsweek placed Florianópolis in the Ten most dynamic cities of the world list in 2006 ."}]}, {'value': '18 ( 2018 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 ( 2012 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Avaí', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avaí_FC', 'summary': 'Avaí Futebol Clube ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ avaˈi ] ) is a Brazilian football team from Florianópolis in Santa Catarina , founded on September 1 , 1923 . Their home stadium is Estádio Aderbal Ramos da Silva , also known as Ressacada , with a capacity of 17,800 . They play in blue and white shirts , shorts and socks . Their best known supporter is tennis player Gustavo Kuerten .'}]}, {'value': 'Florianópolis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florianópolis', 'summary': "Florianópolis ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ floɾi.aˈnɔpolis ] ) is the capital and second largest city of the state of Santa Catarina , in the South region of Brazil . The city encompasses Santa Catarina Island and surrounding small islands , as well as part of the mainland . It has a population of 477,798 , according to the 2016 IBGE ( Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ) population estimate , the second most populous city in the state ( after Joinville ) , and the 47th in Brazil . The metropolitan area has an estimated population of 1,111,702 , the 21st largest in the country . The city is known for having the country 's third highest Human Development Index score among all Brazilian cities ( 0.847 ) . The city is considered safe by Brazilian standards [ dubious - discuss ] . In 2014 , Florianópolis had the second-lowest incidence of murders of Brazilian capitals . The economy of Florianópolis is heavily based on information technology , tourism and services . The city has 60 beaches and is a center of surfing activity . Lagoa da Conceição is the most famous area for tourism , recreation , nature and radical sports . The New York Times reported that Florianopolis is the Party Destination of the Year in 2009 . Newsweek placed Florianópolis in the Ten most dynamic cities of the world list in 2006 ."}]}, {'value': '17 ( 2019 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9 ( 1999 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joinville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joinville_Esporte_Clube', 'summary': 'Joinville Esporte Clube , JEC or simply Joinville , is a Brazilian football team from Joinville in Santa Catarina . Founded on January 29 , 1976 they have won the Série C once and they have the largest sequence of consecutive state titles , eight ( 1978 , 1979 , 1980 , 1981 , 1982 , 1983 , 1984 , 1985 ) . Joinville is the third most successful club in Santa Catarina in terms of state championship titles ( 12 ) , behind Avaí ( 16 ) and Figueirense ( 17 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Joinville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joinville', 'summary': 'Joinville ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ʒõjˈvili ] , [ ʒo.ĩˈvili ] or [ ʒwĩˈvili ] ) is the largest city in Santa Catarina , in the Southern Region of Brazil . It is the third largest municipality in the southern region of Brazil , after the much larger state capitals of Curitiba and Porto Alegre . Joinville is also a major industrial , financial and commerce center . The city has a very high human development index ( 0.809 ) among Brazilian municipalities , occupying the 21st national position . One study pointed to Joinville as the second best city to live in Brazil . Joinville holds the titles of Brazilian Manchester , City of Flowers , City of Princess , City of Bicycles and City of Dance . It is also known for hosting the Joinville Dance Festival ( considered the largest dance festival in the world ) , the Bolshoi Ballet School in Brazil ( the only one in the world outside of Russia ) and Joinville Esporte Clube . In 2017 , the population of Joinville was estimated at 577,077 people , many of whom are of Portuguese , German , Swiss , Norwegian and Italian descent . The metropolitan area is home to 1,340,997 residents according to the 2010 census by IBGE , thus , the most populous metropolitan region of the state of Santa Catarina . Owing to urban development and relatively good infrastructure , Joinville has become a major center for events and business conferences . The city has one of the highest standards of living in Latin America .'}]}, {'value': '12 ( 2001 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 ( 2015 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Criciúma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Criciúma_Esporte_Clube', 'summary': "Criciúma Esporte Clube , also known simply as Criciúma , is a Brazilian football club from Criciúma , Santa Catarina . It plays in the Campeonato Catarinense , [ nb 1 ] the state of Santa Catarina 's premier state league , as well as the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C , [ nb 2 ] the third tier of the Brazilian football league system . Criciúma is the most successful team from Santa Catarina , having won the 1991 Copa do Brasil , the 2002 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B , and the 2006 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C ."}]}, {'value': 'Criciúma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Criciúma', 'summary': "Criciúma is a city in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina . At 28°40′39″S 49°22′11″W / 28.67750°S 49.36972°W / -28.67750 ; -49.36972Coordinates : 28°40′39″S 49°22′11″W / 28.67750°S 49.36972°W / -28.67750 ; -49.36972 , it is located 180 km south of Florianópolis , the state capital and around 900 km south of São Paulo . The city is the center of Brazil 's flooring and home materials industry , and is the second-largest such center in the world ."}]}, {'value': '10 ( 2013 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10 ( 2011 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chapecoense', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Associação_Chapecoense_de_Futebol', 'summary': "Associação Chapecoense de Futebol , commonly known as Chapecoense and whose acronym is ACF , is a Brazilian football club , based in the city of Chapecó in the state of Santa Catarina . The club was founded in 1973 with the goal of restoring football in the city , and won the state championship , the Campeonato Catarinense , for the first time in 1977 . The club has won six state titles to date , most recently in 2017 . A relatively small club , it entered Brazil 's top division , Série A , for the first time in 1978 , returning to the top flight only in 2014 . The club also has activities in futsal , in which it has been state champion twice . The club 's home matches are played at Arena Condá . On 28 November 2016 , a charter flight carrying the first team crashed as it approached José María Córdova International Airport near Medellín , Colombia , where the team was travelling to play the first leg of the 2016 Copa Sudamericana final against Atlético Nacional , a match that was seen as the biggest in the history of the club . All but six of the 77 passengers died ; only three Chapecoense players survived their injuries . Following the crash , Atlético Nacional made a request to the governing body of the competition , CONMEBOL , that Chapecoense be awarded the trophy . CONMEBOL awarded Chapecoense the trophy on 5 December , and Atlético Nacional received the Centennial Fair Play Award for their gesture ."}]}, {'value': 'Chapecó', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chapecó', 'summary': "Chapecó is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina , in the Southern Region of Brazil . Being a major industrial , financial and educational center , it is a major producer of industrialized food products . Considered a medium city , with a population estimated at 213 279 inhabitants , it is among the four most important cities in the state . It belongs to the Meso-region of Western Santa Catarina and to the Microregion of Chapecó . Distant 550 km from the state capital , Florianópolis , it is Headquarters of the Metropolitan Region of Chapecó , and exerts significant influence not only in the Catarinense West but also in the Northwest Gaúcho and Southwest of Paraná , from an economic , cultural , or political point of view . Chapecó became known worldwide through its association football club Chapecoense and the aftermath of LaMia Flight 2933 which killed 71 , including most of the team 's roster and staff . With the titles of Brazil 's agribusiness capital and Brazil 's business tourism capital , the planned town constructed in the form of a chess grid also has universities attracting students from all over Brazil . The main educational institutions are UFFS , UNOCHAPECÓ , UNOESC and UDESC ."}]}, {'value': '6 ( 2017 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 ( 2019 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'América', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/América_Futebol_Clube_(Joinville)', 'summary': 'América Futebol Clube is a football club from Joinville , with a population of more than half a million the largest city of the south Brazilian state of Santa Catarina . The club , founded on 14 June 1914 , won between 1947 and 1971 five times the state championship of Santa Catarina , the Campeonato Catarinense . On the national level América took part in second level of the national championship of 1971 , where it finished on the 15th place . In 1976 a merger of the football operations with the traditional rivals Caxias FC gave birth to the Joinville Esporte Clube , which since has won more than ten state championships . In the second half of the 1980s América returned to football under its own name , albeit only on amateur level . Since the club won between 1989 and 2011 six times the amateur championship of its hometown . Initially América was the dominant team of Joinville , winning the first four editions of the city championship of Joinville which was held 33 times between 1920 and 1962 . Altogether América won the title 15 times , the same number as Caxcias FC which was founded in 1920 and shared the primacy in Joinville from circa the mid 1920s . After Caxias brought the first state championship trophy to Joinville in 1929 , América won the title in 1947 , 1948 , 1951 , 1952 and 1971 , the latter title qualifying the club for participating in the first edition of a second national tier , later named Série B , in the same year where the club finished 15th . In 1976 a merger of the football operations of América and Caxias , which by then had won in 1954 and 1955 two more state titles , led to the foundation of the Joinville Esporte Clube under the leadership of a local entrepreneur , which since has won more than ten state championships , including a record eight consecutive titles in its early phase from 1978 to 1985 . Both , Caxias and América were under great financial duress in that period .'}]}, {'value': 'Joinville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joinville', 'summary': 'Joinville ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ʒõjˈvili ] , [ ʒo.ĩˈvili ] or [ ʒwĩˈvili ] ) is the largest city in Santa Catarina , in the Southern Region of Brazil . It is the third largest municipality in the southern region of Brazil , after the much larger state capitals of Curitiba and Porto Alegre . Joinville is also a major industrial , financial and commerce center . The city has a very high human development index ( 0.809 ) among Brazilian municipalities , occupying the 21st national position . One study pointed to Joinville as the second best city to live in Brazil . Joinville holds the titles of Brazilian Manchester , City of Flowers , City of Princess , City of Bicycles and City of Dance . It is also known for hosting the Joinville Dance Festival ( considered the largest dance festival in the world ) , the Bolshoi Ballet School in Brazil ( the only one in the world outside of Russia ) and Joinville Esporte Clube . In 2017 , the population of Joinville was estimated at 577,077 people , many of whom are of Portuguese , German , Swiss , Norwegian and Italian descent . The metropolitan area is home to 1,340,997 residents according to the 2010 census by IBGE , thus , the most populous metropolitan region of the state of Santa Catarina . Owing to urban development and relatively good infrastructure , Joinville has become a major center for events and business conferences . The city has one of the highest standards of living in Latin America .'}]}, {'value': '5 ( 1971 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 ( 1969 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Metropol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Esporte_Clube_Metropol', 'summary': 'Esporte Clube Metropol , commonly known as Metropol , were a Brazilian football team from Criciúma , Santa Catarina state . They won the Campeonato Catarinense five times .'}]}, {'value': 'Criciúma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Criciúma', 'summary': "Criciúma is a city in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina . At 28°40′39″S 49°22′11″W / 28.67750°S 49.36972°W / -28.67750 ; -49.36972Coordinates : 28°40′39″S 49°22′11″W / 28.67750°S 49.36972°W / -28.67750 ; -49.36972 , it is located 180 km south of Florianópolis , the state capital and around 900 km south of São Paulo . The city is the center of Brazil 's flooring and home materials industry , and is the second-largest such center in the world ."}]}, {'value': '5 ( 1969 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 ( 1965 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caxias', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caxias_Futebol_Clube', 'summary': 'Caxias Futebol Clube , is a football club from Joinville , with a population of more than half a million the largest city of the south Brazilian state of Santa Catarina . The club , founded on 12 October 1920 , won in the years 1929 , 1954 and 1955 the state championship of Santa Catarina , the Campeonato Catarinense . On the national level the club - nicknamed Gualicho after a successful race horse of the early 1950s - took part in the cup competition , the Copa do Brasil of 2000 , where it was eliminated in the first round . In 1976 a merger of the football operations with the traditional rivals América FC gave birth to the Joinville Esporte Clube , which since has won more than ten state championships . In 1996 Caxias returned to football under its own name and was runner-up of the state championship of 2003 . After 2011 the club suspended activities due to financial issues .'}]}, {'value': 'Joinville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joinville', 'summary': 'Joinville ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ʒõjˈvili ] , [ ʒo.ĩˈvili ] or [ ʒwĩˈvili ] ) is the largest city in Santa Catarina , in the Southern Region of Brazil . It is the third largest municipality in the southern region of Brazil , after the much larger state capitals of Curitiba and Porto Alegre . Joinville is also a major industrial , financial and commerce center . The city has a very high human development index ( 0.809 ) among Brazilian municipalities , occupying the 21st national position . One study pointed to Joinville as the second best city to live in Brazil . Joinville holds the titles of Brazilian Manchester , City of Flowers , City of Princess , City of Bicycles and City of Dance . It is also known for hosting the Joinville Dance Festival ( considered the largest dance festival in the world ) , the Bolshoi Ballet School in Brazil ( the only one in the world outside of Russia ) and Joinville Esporte Clube . In 2017 , the population of Joinville was estimated at 577,077 people , many of whom are of Portuguese , German , Swiss , Norwegian and Italian descent . The metropolitan area is home to 1,340,997 residents according to the 2010 census by IBGE , thus , the most populous metropolitan region of the state of Santa Catarina . Owing to urban development and relatively good infrastructure , Joinville has become a major center for events and business conferences . The city has one of the highest standards of living in Latin America .'}]}, {'value': '3 ( 1955 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 ( 2003 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carlos Renaux', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clube_Atlético_Carlos_Renaux', 'summary': 'Clube Atlético Carlos Renaux , commonly known as Carlos Renaux , was a Brazilian football club based in Brusque , Santa Catarina state . They won the Campeonato Catarinense twice .'}]}, {'value': 'Brusque', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brusque_Futebol_Clube', 'summary': 'Brusque Futebol Clube , usually known just as Brusque , is a football ( soccer ) club from Brusque , Santa Catarina , Brazil , founded on October 12 , 1987 . The club competed in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C in 1988 , and competed in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B in 1989 .'}]}, {'value': '2 ( 1953 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 ( 1958 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olímpico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grêmio_Esportivo_Olímpico', 'summary': 'Grêmio Esportivo Olímpico , commonly known as Olímpico , was a Brazilian football club based in Blumenau , Santa Catarina state . They won the Campeonato Catarinense twice .'}]}, {'value': 'Blumenau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blumenau', 'summary': 'Blumenau is a city in Vale do Itajaí , state of Santa Catarina , in the South Region of Brazil . It is 130 km ( 81 mi ) away from the state capital of Florianópolis .'}]}, {'value': '2 ( 1964 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 ( 1970 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hercílio Luz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hercílio_Luz_Futebol_Clube', 'summary': 'Hercílio Luz Futebol Clube , commonly known as Hercílio Luz , is a Brazilian football club from Tubarão , Santa Catarina state . They competed in the Taça Brasil once .'}]}, {'value': 'Tubarão', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tubarão', 'summary': 'Also see Port of Tubarao Tubarão ( lit . shark ) is a Brazilian municipality located in southern part of Santa Catarina state . Its coordinates are 28º28′00″ S and 49º00′25″ W. The population , according to the IBGE/2010 Brazilian Census was 97,281 . It is the main city of the Tubarão River basin region , which comprises 20 municipalities and a population of 350,000 inhabitants .'}]}, {'value': '2 ( 1958 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marcílio Dias', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clube_Náutico_Marcílio_Dias', 'summary': 'Clube Náutico Marcílio Dias , usually known simply as Marcílio Dias , is a Brazilian football club from Itajaí , Santa Catarina state . The club plays its home matches at Hercílio Luz and competed in Copa João Havelange in 2000 , in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B in 1989 , in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C in 1988 , 1995 , 2001 , 2003 , 2005 and 2006 . The club won the Recopa Sul-Brasileira in 2007 , the state championship in 1963 , and the state cup in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Itajaí', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Itajaí', 'summary': 'Itajaí is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina , Brazil . It is located on the northern central coast of Santa Catarina and is part of the Vale do Itajaí Mesoregion , on the right bank of the Itajaí-Açu river mouth . The city has the 2nd largest gross domestic product and the highest per capita income in the State of Santa Catarina .'}]}, {'value': '1 ( 1963 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 ( 2000 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Internacional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Esporte_Clube_Internacional_de_Lages', 'summary': "Esporte Clube Internacional , commonly known as Internacional de Lages or Inter de Lages , is a Brazilian football team based in Lages , Santa Catarina state . In 2019 , it plays Campeonato Catarinense Série B , the state of Santa Catarina 's second league ."}]}, {'value': 'Lages', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lages', 'summary': 'Lages is a Brazilian municipality located in the central part of the state of Santa Catarina , in the region known in Portuguese as Planalto Serrano . It is located in the mountain region of the state and is the largest municipality of it . It is the main city of this region , and borders the towns of Otacílio Costa , São Joaquim , and Correia Pinto . The main course of urban water is Carahá River . Lages hosts an annual festival called Festa do Pinhão , that is famous throughout the country . Economically , the city is known for its strong cattle breeding and wood processing factories .'}]}, {'value': '1 ( 1965 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 ( 1974 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ferroviário', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tubarão', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tubarão', 'summary': 'Also see Port of Tubarao Tubarão ( lit . shark ) is a Brazilian municipality located in southern part of Santa Catarina state . Its coordinates are 28º28′00″ S and 49º00′25″ W. The population , according to the IBGE/2010 Brazilian Census was 97,281 . It is the main city of the Tubarão River basin region , which comprises 20 municipalities and a population of 350,000 inhabitants .'}]}, {'value': '1 ( 1970 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 ( 1954 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paula Ramos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paula_Ramos_Esporte_Clube', 'summary': 'Paula Ramos Esporte Clube , is a sports club based in Florianópolis , the capital of the south Brazilian state of Santa Catarina , founded on 15 December 1937 . The football team of the club played its home matches at the Estádio Trindade which had a maximum capacity of 5,000 people . The football team of Paula Ramos won between 1947 and 1964 six times the city championship of Florianópolis . Highlight was the victory in the State Championship of Santa Catarina , the Campeonato Catarinense , in 1959 . In later years the club abandoned professional sports .'}]}, {'value': 'Florianópolis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florianópolis', 'summary': "Florianópolis ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ floɾi.aˈnɔpolis ] ) is the capital and second largest city of the state of Santa Catarina , in the South region of Brazil . The city encompasses Santa Catarina Island and surrounding small islands , as well as part of the mainland . It has a population of 477,798 , according to the 2016 IBGE ( Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ) population estimate , the second most populous city in the state ( after Joinville ) , and the 47th in Brazil . The metropolitan area has an estimated population of 1,111,702 , the 21st largest in the country . The city is known for having the country 's third highest Human Development Index score among all Brazilian cities ( 0.847 ) . The city is considered safe by Brazilian standards [ dubious - discuss ] . In 2014 , Florianópolis had the second-lowest incidence of murders of Brazilian capitals . The economy of Florianópolis is heavily based on information technology , tourism and services . The city has 60 beaches and is a center of surfing activity . Lagoa da Conceição is the most famous area for tourism , recreation , nature and radical sports . The New York Times reported that Florianopolis is the Party Destination of the Year in 2009 . Newsweek placed Florianópolis in the Ten most dynamic cities of the world list in 2006 ."}]}, {'value': '1 ( 1959 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 ( 1948 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Externato', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florianópolis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florianópolis', 'summary': "Florianópolis ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ floɾi.aˈnɔpolis ] ) is the capital and second largest city of the state of Santa Catarina , in the South region of Brazil . The city encompasses Santa Catarina Island and surrounding small islands , as well as part of the mainland . It has a population of 477,798 , according to the 2016 IBGE ( Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ) population estimate , the second most populous city in the state ( after Joinville ) , and the 47th in Brazil . The metropolitan area has an estimated population of 1,111,702 , the 21st largest in the country . The city is known for having the country 's third highest Human Development Index score among all Brazilian cities ( 0.847 ) . The city is considered safe by Brazilian standards [ dubious - discuss ] . In 2014 , Florianópolis had the second-lowest incidence of murders of Brazilian capitals . The economy of Florianópolis is heavily based on information technology , tourism and services . The city has 60 beaches and is a center of surfing activity . Lagoa da Conceição is the most famous area for tourism , recreation , nature and radical sports . The New York Times reported that Florianopolis is the Party Destination of the Year in 2009 . Newsweek placed Florianópolis in the Ten most dynamic cities of the world list in 2006 ."}]}, {'value': '1 ( 1925 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lauro Müller', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lauro_Müller_Futebol_Clube', 'summary': 'Lauro Müller Futebol Clube , commonly known as Lauro Müller , was a Brazilian football club based in Itajaí , Santa Catarina state . They won the Campeonato Catarinense once .'}]}, {'value': 'Itajaí', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Itajaí', 'summary': 'Itajaí is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina , Brazil . It is located on the northern central coast of Santa Catarina and is part of the Vale do Itajaí Mesoregion , on the right bank of the Itajaí-Açu river mouth . The city has the 2nd largest gross domestic product and the highest per capita income in the State of Santa Catarina .'}]}, {'value': '1 ( 1931 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Catarinense', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florianópolis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florianópolis', 'summary': "Florianópolis ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ floɾi.aˈnɔpolis ] ) is the capital and second largest city of the state of Santa Catarina , in the South region of Brazil . The city encompasses Santa Catarina Island and surrounding small islands , as well as part of the mainland . It has a population of 477,798 , according to the 2016 IBGE ( Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ) population estimate , the second most populous city in the state ( after Joinville ) , and the 47th in Brazil . The metropolitan area has an estimated population of 1,111,702 , the 21st largest in the country . The city is known for having the country 's third highest Human Development Index score among all Brazilian cities ( 0.847 ) . The city is considered safe by Brazilian standards [ dubious - discuss ] . In 2014 , Florianópolis had the second-lowest incidence of murders of Brazilian capitals . The economy of Florianópolis is heavily based on information technology , tourism and services . The city has 60 beaches and is a center of surfing activity . Lagoa da Conceição is the most famous area for tourism , recreation , nature and radical sports . The New York Times reported that Florianopolis is the Party Destination of the Year in 2009 . Newsweek placed Florianópolis in the Ten most dynamic cities of the world list in 2006 ."}]}, {'value': '1 ( 1934 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CIP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Itajaí', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Itajaí', 'summary': 'Itajaí is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina , Brazil . It is located on the northern central coast of Santa Catarina and is part of the Vale do Itajaí Mesoregion , on the right bank of the Itajaí-Açu river mouth . The city has the 2nd largest gross domestic product and the highest per capita income in the State of Santa Catarina .'}]}, {'value': '1 ( 1938 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ypiranga', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'São Francisco do Sul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/São_Francisco_do_Sul', 'summary': 'São Francisco do Sul is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina . It covers an area of 540 km² ( 208 miles2 ) and had an estimated population of 42,569 in 2011 .'}]}, {'value': '1 ( 1940 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Results -- Titles by Team', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Campeonato_Catarinense_0', 'intro': 'The Campeonato Catarinense de Futebol, known as Campeonato Catarinense or simply Catarinense, is the main competition of association football from state of Santa Catarina, in Brazil.'}	null	null	What year was the club founded that plays in the city with the title of `` City of Flowers '' ?	1920
09faeef8f9386769	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_NFL_Draft', 'title': '2003 NFL Draft', 'header': ['Original NFL team', 'Player', 'Pos', 'College', 'Conf'], 'data': [{'value': 'Buffalo Bills', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Buffalo_Bills_season', 'summary': "The 2003 Buffalo Bills season was their 44th in the league . The team failed to improve upon their previous season 's output of 8-8 , and finished at 6-10 . The team missed the playoffs for the fourth consecutive season . The Bills started the season strong , opening the season with a dominating 31-0 blowout of the New England Patriots ( They would not win another game against the Patriots until 2011 ) . It was their largest margin of victory in a season opener since 1992 , and their first regular-season shutout in four years . The Bills ' second game was a convincing three-touchdown win over the Jacksonville Jaguars . But Buffalo lost seven of their next nine games and finished the season with three consecutive losses . The Bills ' final game of the season was a 31-0 shutout loss to the New England Patriots - the reverse of the score by which the Bills beat New England in Week One . Head coach Gregg Williams 's contract was not renewed after the 2003 season . Van Miller , the team 's longtime play-by-play announcer , announced his retirement after week 2 of the season ; his retirement took effect at the end of the season ."}]}, {'value': 'Jon Dorenbos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jon_Dorenbos', 'summary': "Jonathan Paul Dorenbos ( /ˈdɔːrnbəs/ ; born July 21 , 1980 ) is a former American football long snapper and magician . He played college football at the University of Texas at El Paso and was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2003 . Dorenbos also played for the Tennessee Titans and Philadelphia Eagles , with whom he played 11 seasons and played in 162 consecutive games . After getting traded to the New Orleans Saints in the 2017 preseason , it was discovered Dorenbos had an aortic aneurysm that required immediate surgery and ended his career . The trade was rescinded and the Eagles returned the pick to the Saints . The Eagles would go on to win Super Bowl LII that season , and it was announced Dorenbos would get an honorary ring . Dorenbos has a parallel career as a professional magician . He was a finalist on season 11 of the television program America 's Got Talent , performing his magic acts . He finished in third place for the season ."}]}, {'value': 'LS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_snapper', 'summary': "In gridiron football , the long snapper ( or deep snapper ) is a special teams specialist whose duty is to snap the football over a longer distance , typically around 15 yards during punts , and 7-8 yards during field goals and extra point attempts . During field goal and point after touchdown attempts , the snap is received by the holder , typically 7-8 yards away . During punts , the snap is delivered to the punter from 13-15 yards away . Following a punt snap , the snapper often executes a blocking assignment and then must cover the kick by running downfield and attempting to stop the opposing team 's punt returner from advancing the ball in the opposite direction . If the punt goes uncaught , it is the snapper 's responsibility to make sure the ball does not enter the end zone or bounce backward resulting in loss of yards . The majority of snappers at the highest levels of competition are specialized , meaning that they uniquely play the position of snapper , or have limited responsibilities elsewhere . A good punt snap should hit the target -- the punter 's hands at the abdomen or waistline -- between .65 and .75 seconds and with a tight spiral for easy handling . A bad snap is an off-target snap which causes the delay or failure of a kick or forces the punter into some other potentially compromising situation ."}]}, {'value': 'UTEP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_UTEP_Miners_football_team', 'summary': "The 2002 UTEP Miners football team represented the University of Texas at El Paso in the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season . The team 's head coach was Gary Nord . The Miners played their home games at the Sun Bowl Stadium in El Paso , Texas ."}]}, {'value': 'WAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Athletic_Conference', 'summary': "The Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference formed on July 27 , 1962 , and affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I . The WAC covers a broad expanse of the western United States , with member institutions located in Arizona , California , New Mexico , Utah , and Washington , along with the non-western states of Missouri and Illinois ( traditionally associated with the Midwest ) , as well as Texas ( traditionally associated with the Southwest ) . Due to most of the conference 's football-playing members leaving the WAC for other affiliations , the conference discontinued football as a sponsored sport after the 2012-13 season and left the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision ( formerly known as Division I-A ) . The WAC thus became the first Division I conference to drop football since the Big West in 2000 . The WAC then added men 's soccer and became one of the NCAA 's eleven Division I non-football conferences ."}]}, {'value': 'Buffalo Bills', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Buffalo_Bills_season', 'summary': "The 2003 Buffalo Bills season was their 44th in the league . The team failed to improve upon their previous season 's output of 8-8 , and finished at 6-10 . The team missed the playoffs for the fourth consecutive season . The Bills started the season strong , opening the season with a dominating 31-0 blowout of the New England Patriots ( They would not win another game against the Patriots until 2011 ) . It was their largest margin of victory in a season opener since 1992 , and their first regular-season shutout in four years . The Bills ' second game was a convincing three-touchdown win over the Jacksonville Jaguars . But Buffalo lost seven of their next nine games and finished the season with three consecutive losses . The Bills ' final game of the season was a 31-0 shutout loss to the New England Patriots - the reverse of the score by which the Bills beat New England in Week One . Head coach Gregg Williams 's contract was not renewed after the 2003 season . Van Miller , the team 's longtime play-by-play announcer , announced his retirement after week 2 of the season ; his retirement took effect at the end of the season ."}]}, {'value': 'Fred Jackson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fred_Jackson_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Frederick George Jackson ( born February 20 , 1981 ) is a former American football running back . He played college football at Coe College . After going undrafted in 2003 and playing three seasons in NFL Europe , Jackson spent nine seasons with the Buffalo Bills , becoming their third all-time leading rusher . In the 2015 season , he was the oldest active running back in the NFL .'}]}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Running_back', 'summary': "A running back ( RB ) is a member of the offensive backfield in gridiron football . The primary roles of a running back are to receive handoffs from the quarterback to rush the ball , and block . There are usually one or two running backs on the field for a given play , depending on the offensive formation . A running back may be a halfback ( in certain contexts also referred to as a tailback ) , a wingback or a fullback . A running back will sometimes be called a feature back if he is the team 's starting running back ."}]}, {'value': 'Coe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coe_Kohawks_football', 'summary': 'Coe College is a private liberal arts college in Cedar Rapids , Iowa . Founded in 1851 , the institution is historically affiliated with the Presbyterian Church ( USA ) . It is a member of the Associated Colleges of the Midwest and the Association of Presbyterian Colleges and Universities .'}]}, {'value': 'IIAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Rivers_Conference', 'summary': 'The American Rivers Conference ( ARC ) is an NCAA Division III athletic conference . From 1927 until August 9 , 2018 , it was known as the Iowa Intercollegiate Athletic Conference ( IIAC ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Cleveland Browns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Cleveland_Browns_season', 'summary': "The 2003 Cleveland Browns season was the franchise 's 55th season as a professional sports franchise and its 51st season as a member of the National Football League . The Browns were unable to replicate the success from the previous season , and they ended up winning only five games . They failed to return to the playoffs . This season would begin a stretch , unbroken as of the 2019 season , in which the Browns would not make it to the NFL Playoffs in any capacity ."}]}, {'value': 'Leigh Bodden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leigh_Bodden', 'summary': 'Leigh Edmond Bodden ( born September 24 , 1981 ) is a former American football cornerback . He was originally signed by the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent in 2003 . He played college football at Duquesne . Bodden has also played for the Detroit Lions and the New England Patriots .'}]}, {'value': 'CB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornerback', 'summary': "A cornerback ( CB ) is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in gridiron football . Cornerbacks cover receivers most of the time , but also blitz and defend against such offensive running plays as sweeps and reverses . They create turnovers through hard tackles , interceptions , and deflecting forward passes . Other members of the defensive backfield include strong and free safeties . The cornerback position requires speed , agility , and strength . A cornerback 's skill set typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback , backpedaling , executing single and zone coverage , disrupting pass routes , block shedding , and tackling . Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field ."}]}, {'value': 'Duquesne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duquesne_Dukes_football', 'summary': 'The Duquesne Dukes football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Duquesne University located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania . The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) and is a member of the Northeast Conference . Duquesne has played football as a club team from 1891-1894 , 1896-1903 , 1913-1914 , and 1920-1928 , in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) from 1929-1942 and 1947-1950 , again as a club team from 1969-1978 , in NCAA Division III from 1979-1992 and in the NCAA Division I FCS from 1993-present . The Dukes have won or shared 16 conference championships in the past 25 years . The team plays its home games at the 2,200-seat Arthur J. Rooney Athletic Field in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . The Dukes are coached by Jerry Schmitt . The Dukes have qualified for the FCS playoffs twice due to an automatic bid for being NEC champions in 2015 at 8-3 ( 5-1 ) and again in 2018 at 8-3 ( 5-1 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'MAAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metro_Atlantic_Athletic_Conference', 'summary': "The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference ( MAAC , /mæk/ ) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated in NCAA Division I , consisting of eleven schools coming from three states of the northeastern United States : Connecticut , New Jersey , and New York . The members are all relatively small private institutions , many of them Catholic or formerly Catholic , the only exceptions being three private but secular institutions : Rider University and the conference 's two newest members , Monmouth and Quinnipiac Universities . The conference headquarters is located in Edison , New Jersey . The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference sponsors 22 sports and has many associate member institutions . Richard J. Ensor is the commissioner of the MAAC , a post he has held since 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cleveland Browns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Cleveland_Browns_season', 'summary': "The 2003 Cleveland Browns season was the franchise 's 55th season as a professional sports franchise and its 51st season as a member of the National Football League . The Browns were unable to replicate the success from the previous season , and they ended up winning only five games . They failed to return to the playoffs . This season would begin a stretch , unbroken as of the 2019 season , in which the Browns would not make it to the NFL Playoffs in any capacity ."}]}, {'value': 'Enoch DeMar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Enoch_DeMar', 'summary': 'Enoch DeMar ( born September 7 , 1980 ) is a former professional American football offensive lineman who played two seasons for the Cleveland Browns .'}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guard_(American_and_Canadian_football)', 'summary': "In gridiron football , a guard ( G ) is a player who lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team on the line of scrimmage used primarily for blocking . Right guards ( RG ) is the term for the guards on the right of the offensive line , while left guards ( LG ) are on the left side . Guards are to the right or left of the center . The guard 's job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming linemen during pass plays , as well as creating openings ( holes ) for the running backs to head through . Guards are automatically considered ineligible receivers , so they can not intentionally touch a forward pass , unless it is to recover a fumble or is first touched by a defender or eligible receiver ."}]}, {'value': 'Indiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Indiana_Hoosiers_football_team', 'summary': 'The 2002 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented Indiana University Bloomington during the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season . They participated as members of the Big Ten Conference . The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington , Indiana . The team was coached by Gerry DiNardo in his first year as head coach . The Hoosiers finished the 2002 season with a 3-9 ( 1-7 Big Ten ) record to finish last in the Big Ten .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Ten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Ten Conference ( stylized B1G , formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference ) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States . It is based in Rosemont , Illinois . For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities , while the present conference has 14 member institutions . They compete in the NCAA Division I ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A , the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport . The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska , as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university . The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago , University of Illinois , University of Michigan , University of Minnesota , Northwestern University , and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago 's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics . In 1899 , Indiana University and the University of Iowa joined the conference to increase the membership to nine schools . In 1905 , the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives . The conference is one of the nation 's oldest , predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade , and was one of the first collegiate conferences to sponsor men 's basketball . Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations . All institutions except full member University of Nebraska and associate member Notre Dame are members of the Association of American Universities . Large student enrollment is a hallmark of Big Ten Universities , as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students ."}]}, {'value': 'Cleveland Browns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Cleveland_Browns_season', 'summary': "The 2003 Cleveland Browns season was the franchise 's 55th season as a professional sports franchise and its 51st season as a member of the National Football League . The Browns were unable to replicate the success from the previous season , and they ended up winning only five games . They failed to return to the playoffs . This season would begin a stretch , unbroken as of the 2019 season , in which the Browns would not make it to the NFL Playoffs in any capacity ."}]}, {'value': 'Israel Idonije', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Israel_Idonije', 'summary': "Israel Idonije , O.M . ( born November 17 , 1980 ) is a retired Nigerian-Canadian defensive end in the National Football League and actor . Idonije was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Cleveland Browns out of the University of Manitoba . A draft pick of the now defunct Ottawa Renegades of the Canadian Football League , for whom he never played a game , Idonije spent the start of the 2003 season on the Browns ' practice squad prior to his release in September . He was subsequently signed to the Chicago Bears ' practice squad for the final six weeks of the season . He has also played for the Detroit Lions , Chicago Bears , and New York Giants ."}]}, {'value': 'DE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_end', 'summary': 'Defensive End ( DE ) is a defensive position in the sport of gridiron football . This position has designated the players at each end of the defensive line , but changes in formations over the years have substantially changed how the position is played .'}]}, {'value': 'Manitoba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manitoba_Bisons_football', 'summary': 'The Manitoba Bisons football team represents the University of Manitoba in the sport of Canadian football in U Sports . The program was the first of four U Sports football teams to have won back-to-back Vanier Cup championships , having won in 1969 and 1970 . In total , the Bisons have won three Vanier Cup national championships and 11 Hardy Trophy conference championships . The Bisons are led by head coach , Brian Dobie , who has been the head coach since 1996 .'}]}, {'value': 'CWUAA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada_West_Universities_Athletic_Association', 'summary': "Canada West is a regional membership association for universities in Western Canada which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and providing contact information , schedules , results , and releases about those programs and events to the public and the media . This is similar to what would be called a college athletic conference in the United States . Canada West is one of four such bodies that are members of the country 's governing body for university athletics , U Sports . The other three regional associations coordinating university-level sports in Canada are Ontario University Athletics ( OUA ) , Atlantic University Sport ( AUS ) , and the Quebec Student Sport Federation ( known by its French initialism of RSEQ ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Dallas Cowboys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Dallas_Cowboys_season', 'summary': 'The 2003 Dallas Cowboys season was the 44th season for the team in the National Football League . Coming off three consecutive 5-11 seasons , Dallas hired former New York Giants , New York Jets , and New England Patriots coach Bill Parcells . In a scheduling coincidence , the Cowboys faced all three said teams in the 2003 regular season .'}]}, {'value': "Keith O'Neil", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Keith_O'Neil", 'summary': "Keith Daniel O'Neil ( born August 26 , 1980 in Rochester , Michigan ) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys , Indianapolis Colts and New York Giants . He earned a Super Bowl ring with the Colts in Super Bowl XLI as they beat the Chicago Bears . He played college football at Northern Arizona ."}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Northern Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Arizona_Lumberjacks_football', 'summary': "The Northern Arizona Lumberjacks football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the Northern Arizona University located in the U.S. state of Arizona . The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) and are members of the Big Sky Conference . The school 's first football team was fielded in 1915 . The team plays its home games at the 17,500 seat Walkup Skydome . They are coached by Chris Ball ."}]}, {'value': 'Big Sky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Sky_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Sky Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I , with football competing in the Football Championship Subdivision . Member institutions are located in the western United States in the nine states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Idaho , Montana , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . Four affiliate members each participate in one sport . Two schools from California are football-only participants , and two schools from the Northeast participate only in men 's golf ."}]}, {'value': 'Dallas Cowboys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Dallas_Cowboys_season', 'summary': 'The 2003 Dallas Cowboys season was the 44th season for the team in the National Football League . Coming off three consecutive 5-11 seasons , Dallas hired former New York Giants , New York Jets , and New England Patriots coach Bill Parcells . In a scheduling coincidence , the Cowboys faced all three said teams in the 2003 regular season .'}]}, {'value': 'Tony Romo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tony_Romo', 'summary': "Antonio Ramiro Tony Romo ( born April 21 , 1980 ) is an American football television analyst and retired quarterback who played his entire 14-year career with the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football for Eastern Illinois University , where he won the Walter Payton Award in 2002 and led the Panthers to an Ohio Valley Conference championship in 2001 . Romo signed as an undrafted free agent with the Cowboys in 2003 . Beginning his career as a holder , Romo became the Cowboys ' starting quarterback during the 2006 season . Serving as the team 's primary starter from 2006 to 2015 , he guided the Cowboys to four postseason appearances and was named to the Pro Bowl four times . Romo retired after the 2016 season , following a preseason back injury that caused him to lose his starting position to Dak Prescott . Upon retiring , he was hired by CBS Sports to become the lead color analyst for their NFL telecasts , teaming with Jim Nantz in the broadcast booth . Romo holds several Cowboys team records , including passing touchdowns , passing yards , most games with at least 300 passing yards , and games with three or more touchdown passes . He also held a higher passer rating in the fourth quarter than any other NFL quarterback from 2006 to 2013 . However , Romo 's reputation was affected by a lack of postseason success , having won only two of the six playoff games he appeared in and never advancing beyond the divisional round . His 97.1 passer rating is the fourth highest of all time and the highest among quarterbacks not to reach the Super Bowl , as well as the highest among retired players ."}]}, {'value': 'QB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quarterback', 'summary': 'The quarterback ( commonly abbreviated QB ) , colloquially known as the signal caller , is a position in gridiron football . Quarterbacks are members of the offensive team and line up directly behind the offensive line . In modern American football , the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offensive team , and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle . The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play , and is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes . When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage , it is called a sack .'}]}, {'value': 'Eastern Illinois', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Eastern_Illinois_Panthers_football_team', 'summary': 'Tony Romo was 13-14 for 120 yards and a TD in the first quarter , but Kansas State grabbed control and cruised to the 50-point win .'}]}, {'value': 'OVC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_Valley_Conference', 'summary': "The Ohio Valley Conference ( OVC ) is a collegiate athletic conference which operates in the Midwestern and Southeastern United States . It participates in Division I of the NCAA ; the conference 's football programs compete in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ; formerly known as Division I-AA ) , the lower of two levels of Division I football competition . The OVC has 12 members , 9 of which compete in football in the conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Dallas Cowboys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Dallas_Cowboys_season', 'summary': 'The 2003 Dallas Cowboys season was the 44th season for the team in the National Football League . Coming off three consecutive 5-11 seasons , Dallas hired former New York Giants , New York Jets , and New England Patriots coach Bill Parcells . In a scheduling coincidence , the Cowboys faced all three said teams in the 2003 regular season .'}]}, {'value': 'Torrin Tucker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Torrin_Tucker', 'summary': 'Torrin Tucker ( born December 25 , 1979 ) is a former American football offensive tackle in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys . He also was a member of the New York Dragons , Florida Tuskers and Sacramento Mountain Lions . He played college football at Southern Mississippi .'}]}, {'value': 'T', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tackle_(gridiron_football_position)', 'summary': 'Tackle is a playing position in gridiron football . Historically , in the one-platoon system prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries , a tackle played on both offense and defense . In the modern system of specialized units , offensive tackle and defensive tackle are separate positions , and the stand-alone term tackle refers to the offensive tackle position only . The offensive tackle ( OT , T ) is a position on the offensive line , left and right . Like other offensive linemen , their job is to block : to physically keep defenders away from the offensive player who has the football and enable him to advance the football and eventually score a touchdown . The term tackle is a vestige of an earlier era of football in which the same players played both offense and defense .'}]}, {'value': 'Southern Miss', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Southern_Miss_Golden_Eagles_football_team', 'summary': 'The 2002 Southern Miss Golden Eagles football team represented the University of Southern Mississippi in the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season . The Golden Eagles were led by head coach Jeff Bower and played their home games at M. M. Roberts Stadium . They were a member of Conference USA .'}]}, {'value': 'C-USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conference_USA', 'summary': "Conference USA ( C-USA or CUSA ) is an intercollegiate athletic conference whose current member institutions are located within the Southern United States . The conference participates in the NCAA 's Division I in all sports . C-USA 's offices are located in Dallas , Texas ."}]}, {'value': 'Denver Broncos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Denver_Broncos_season', 'summary': "The 2004 Denver Broncos season was the team 's 45th year in professional football and its 35th with the National Football League . Under head coach Mike Shanahan the Broncos equalled their 10-6 record from 2003 , and again finished second in the AFC West . In a repeat of 2003 , the Broncos season ended in defeat to the Indianapolis Colts 49-24 in the AFC Wild Card playoffs . Starting quarterback Jake Plummer finished the season with 4,089 passing yards ( 4th in the league ) . During the offseason , the Broncos traded running back Clinton Portis to the Washington Redskins in exchange for cornerback Champ Bailey ."}]}, {'value': 'Mat McBriar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mat_McBriar', 'summary': 'Mat McBriar ( born 8 July 1979 ) is an Australian former American football punter in the National Football League ( NFL ) for the Dallas Cowboys , Philadelphia Eagles , Pittsburgh Steelers and the San Diego Chargers . He played college football for the University of Hawaii .'}]}, {'value': 'P', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Punter_(football)', 'summary': 'A punter ( P ) in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts ( kicks ) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage . This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football . Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations , when they throw or run the football instead of punting .'}]}, {'value': 'Hawaiiʻ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Hawaii_Warriors_football_team', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': 'WAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Athletic_Conference', 'summary': "The Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference formed on July 27 , 1962 , and affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I . The WAC covers a broad expanse of the western United States , with member institutions located in Arizona , California , New Mexico , Utah , and Washington , along with the non-western states of Missouri and Illinois ( traditionally associated with the Midwest ) , as well as Texas ( traditionally associated with the Southwest ) . Due to most of the conference 's football-playing members leaving the WAC for other affiliations , the conference discontinued football as a sponsored sport after the 2012-13 season and left the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision ( formerly known as Division I-A ) . The WAC thus became the first Division I conference to drop football since the Big West in 2000 . The WAC then added men 's soccer and became one of the NCAA 's eleven Division I non-football conferences ."}]}, {'value': 'Green Bay Packers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Green_Bay_Packers_season', 'summary': "The 2003 Green Bay Packers season was the franchise 's 85th season overall and their 83rd in the National Football League . This season finished with an overtime loss to the Philadelphia Eagles in the divisional round of the 2004 playoffs , after the Packers defeated the Seattle Seahawks in the Wild Card round in overtime off an interception return for a touchdown by Al Harris . In the Week 16 Monday night game , Brett Favre threw four touchdowns in a 41-7 win over the Oakland Raiders , one night after his father died of a heart attack . The Packers won the division on the last play of the season . Needing a win and a Minnesota Vikings loss to clinch the division , the Packers routed the Denver Broncos 31-3 , while the Vikings lost 18-17 on a last second touchdown by the 3-12 Arizona Cardinals ."}]}, {'value': 'Cullen Jenkins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cullen_Jenkins', 'summary': 'Cullen Darome Jenkins ( born January 20 , 1981 ) is a former American football defensive lineman . He was signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2003 . In his last year as a Packer , he won Super Bowl XLV over the Pittsburgh Steelers . He played college football at Central Michigan University . He has also played for the Philadelphia Eagles , New York Giants , and Washington Redskins .'}]}, {'value': 'DE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_end', 'summary': 'Defensive End ( DE ) is a defensive position in the sport of gridiron football . This position has designated the players at each end of the defensive line , but changes in formations over the years have substantially changed how the position is played .'}]}, {'value': 'Central Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Central_Michigan_Chippewas_football_team', 'summary': "The 2002 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) during the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season . In their third season under head coach Mike DeBord , the Chippewas compiled a 4-8 record ( 2-6 against MAC opponents ) , finished in sixth place in the MAC 's West Division , and were outscored by their opponents , 384 to 267 . The team played its home games in Kelly/Shorts Stadium in Mount Pleasant , Michigan , with attendance of 103,865 in six home games . The team 's statistical leaders included Derrick Vickers with 1,828 passing yards , Robbie Mixon with 1,361 rushing yards , and Rob Turner with 506 receiving yards . At the time , Mixon 's 1,361 yards ranked as the seventh best season total in Central Michigan history . Mixon also set a Mid-American Conference record with 377 rushing yards ( on 43 carries ) in a 47-21 victory over against Eastern Michigan on November 2 , 2002 . Mixon was also selected at the end of the 2002 season as the team 's most valuable player . Jovan Clark had 20 tackles for loss for 62 yards , which was at the time tied for the second best total in school history . Offensive guard Kyle Croskey was selected as a first-team All-MAC player ."}]}, {'value': 'MAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-American_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ."}]}, {'value': 'Indianapolis Colts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Indianapolis_Colts_season', 'summary': 'The 2003 Indianapolis Colts season was the 51st season for the team in the National Football League and 20th in Indianapolis . The Colts improved on their 10-6 record from 2002 , going 12-4 and reached the postseason for the second straight season . After the season , quarterback Peyton Manning was named league MVP along with Steve McNair of Tennessee . After defeating the Broncos and the Chiefs in the first two rounds , the Colts lost to the New England Patriots in the title game , which saw the first playoff meeting between Tom Brady and Peyton Manning . New England would go on to defeat the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl XXXVIII . It was the final season seeing the Colts wear their blue facemasks and white shoes . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Gary Brackett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary_Brackett', 'summary': 'Gary Lawrence Brackett ( born May 23 , 1980 ) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Rutgers , and signed with the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent in 2003 . Brackett played for the Colts for nine seasons , and won Super Bowl XLI over the Chicago Bears .'}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Rutgers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Rutgers_Scarlet_Knights_football_team', 'summary': 'The 2002 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team represented Rutgers University in the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season . The Scarlet Knights were led by second-year head coach Greg Schiano and played their home games at Rutgers Stadium . They are a member of the Big East Conference . They finished the season 1-11 , 0-7 in Big East play to finish in last place .'}]}, {'value': 'Big East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_East_Conference_(1979–2013)', 'summary': "The Big East Conference was a collegiate athletics conference that consisted of as many as 16 universities in the eastern half of the United States from 1979 to 2013 . The conference 's members participated in 24 NCAA sports . The conference had a history of success at the national level in basketball throughout its history , while its shorter ( 1991 to 2013 ) football program , created by inviting one college and four other associate members ( their football programs only ) into the conference , resulted in two national championships . In basketball , Big East teams made 18 Final Four appearances and won seven NCAA Championships ( UConn with three , Villanova , Georgetown , Syracuse , and Louisville with one each ) . Of the Big East 's full members , all but South Florida attended the Final Four , the most of any conference , though Marquette , DePaul , Notre Dame , Rutgers , Cincinnati , and Pittsburgh made all their trips before joining the Big East . In 2011 , the Big East set the record for the most teams sent to the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Championship by a single conference with eleven out of their sixteen teams qualifying . In football , the Big East entered competition as a conference in 1991 , after inviting five football colleges to become members of the Big East , joining three teams from the Big East whose football teams were competing as Division I independents ( Boston College , Pittsburgh and Syracuse ) to form a new Division I football league . The strength of this league earned the Big East an automatic berth in the Bowl Championship Series , when that series was created in 1998 . The Big East won two national football championships , both by University of Miami . Between 2005 and 2012 , four of the more successful football schools left the Big East for other conferences , starting a process that led to a complete realignment of the Big East in 2013 . On July 1 , 2013 , the non-football playing schools ( also known collectively as the secular Catholic 7 ) formed a non-football playing conference that retains the Big East Conference name . The remaining six football-playing members , three of whom had only joined the Big East in 2005 when the earlier exodus had started , joined with four schools from other conferences to become the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) , which is the Big East 's legal successor ."}]}, {'value': 'Indianapolis Colts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Indianapolis_Colts_season', 'summary': 'The 2003 Indianapolis Colts season was the 51st season for the team in the National Football League and 20th in Indianapolis . The Colts improved on their 10-6 record from 2002 , going 12-4 and reached the postseason for the second straight season . After the season , quarterback Peyton Manning was named league MVP along with Steve McNair of Tennessee . After defeating the Broncos and the Chiefs in the first two rounds , the Colts lost to the New England Patriots in the title game , which saw the first playoff meeting between Tom Brady and Peyton Manning . New England would go on to defeat the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl XXXVIII . It was the final season seeing the Colts wear their blue facemasks and white shoes . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Aaron Moorehead', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aaron_Moorehead', 'summary': 'Aaron Matthew Moorehead ( born November 5 , 1980 ) is an American football coach and former wide receiver who is currently the wide receivers coach for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played for the Indianapolis Colts from 2003 to 2007 . He was originally signed by the Colts as an undrafted free agent in 2003 . He played his entire 5-year career with the Colts and was a member of their Super Bowl XLI winning team over the Chicago Bears . He played college football at Illinois . After his playing career ended , he was the wide receivers coach for Virginia Tech , Texas A & M , and Vanderbilt .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Illinois', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Illinois_Fighting_Illini_football_team', 'summary': "The 2002 Illinois Fighting Illini football team represented the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season . They participated as members of the Big Ten Conference . Their home games were played at Memorial Stadium in Champaign , Illinois . The team 's head coach was Ron Turner , who was in his sixth season with the Illini . Illinois had a record of 5-7 and failed to make a bowl game ."}]}, {'value': 'Big Ten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Ten Conference ( stylized B1G , formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference ) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States . It is based in Rosemont , Illinois . For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities , while the present conference has 14 member institutions . They compete in the NCAA Division I ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A , the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport . The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska , as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university . The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago , University of Illinois , University of Michigan , University of Minnesota , Northwestern University , and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago 's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics . In 1899 , Indiana University and the University of Iowa joined the conference to increase the membership to nine schools . In 1905 , the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives . The conference is one of the nation 's oldest , predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade , and was one of the first collegiate conferences to sponsor men 's basketball . Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations . All institutions except full member University of Nebraska and associate member Notre Dame are members of the Association of American Universities . Large student enrollment is a hallmark of Big Ten Universities , as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students ."}]}, {'value': 'Jacksonville Jaguars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Jacksonville_Jaguars_season', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': 'Seth Marler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seth_Marler', 'summary': 'Michael Seth Marler ( born March 27 , 1981 ) , is a former Arena football Placekicker . He played college football at Tulane . He was originally signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League . Marler also played for the Atlanta Falcons and Tampa Bay Storm .'}]}, {'value': 'K', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Placekicker', 'summary': "Placekicker , or simply kicker ( PK or K ) , is the player in gridiron football who is responsible for the kicking duties of field goals and extra points . In many cases , the placekicker also serves as the team 's kickoff specialist or punter as well ."}]}, {'value': 'Tulane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Tulane_Green_Wave_football_team', 'summary': "The 2002 Tulane Green Wave football team represented the Tulane University in the 2002 college football season . Led by J.P. Losman , the Green Wave won the Hawaiʻi Bowl for the first time in the school 's history ."}]}, {'value': 'C-USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conference_USA', 'summary': "Conference USA ( C-USA or CUSA ) is an intercollegiate athletic conference whose current member institutions are located within the Southern United States . The conference participates in the NCAA 's Division I in all sports . C-USA 's offices are located in Dallas , Texas ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota Vikings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings', 'summary': "The Minnesota Vikings are a professional American football team based in Minneapolis , Minnesota . The Vikings joined the National Football League ( NFL ) as an expansion team in 1960 , and first took the field for the 1961 season . The team competes in the National Football Conference ( NFC ) North division . During the 1960s , the Vikings ' record was typical for an expansion franchise , but improved over the course of the decade , resulting in a Central Division title in 1968 . In 1969 , their dominant defense led to the Vikings ' league championship , the last NFL championship prior to the merger of the NFL with the AFL . The team plays its home games at U.S. Bank Stadium in the Downtown East section of Minneapolis ."}]}, {'value': 'Colin Cole', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colin_Cole_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Colin Anthony Cole ( born June 24 , 1980 ) is a former American football defensive tackle who played in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He was signed by the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 2003 . He played college football at Iowa .'}]}, {'value': 'DT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_tackle', 'summary': "A defensive tackle ( DT ) is typically the largest and strongest of the defensive players in American football . The defensive tackle typically lines up opposite one of the offensive guards . Depending on a team 's individual defensive scheme , a defensive tackle may be called upon to fill several different roles . These roles may include merely holding the point of attack by refusing to be moved or penetrating a certain gap between offensive linemen to break up a play in the opponent 's backfield . If a defensive tackle reads a pass play , his primary responsibility is to pursue the quarterback , or simply knock the pass down at the line if it is within arm 's reach . Other responsibilities of the defensive tackle may be to pursue the screen pass or drop into coverage in a zone blitz scheme . In a traditional 4-3 defense , there is no nose tackle . Instead there is a left and right defensive tackle . Some teams , especially in the National Football League ( NFL ) , do have a nose tackle in this scheme , but most of them do not ."}]}, {'value': 'Iowa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Iowa_Hawkeyes_football_team', 'summary': 'The 2002 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa during the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season . The Hawkeyes played their home games at Kinnick Stadium in Iowa City , Iowa and were led by head coach Kirk Ferentz . Iowa finished the regular-season with an 11-1 record , and were unbeaten in Big Ten Conference games at 8-0 . The one loss came to rival Iowa State . With all the regular season success , which included a Co-Big Ten championship , the Hawkeyes could do little right in the 2003 Orange Bowl and lost 38-17 to the USC Trojans . Despite the loss , the 11 wins established an Iowa record for wins in a single season ( matched in 2009 , surpassed in 2015 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Ten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Ten Conference ( stylized B1G , formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference ) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States . It is based in Rosemont , Illinois . For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities , while the present conference has 14 member institutions . They compete in the NCAA Division I ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A , the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport . The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska , as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university . The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago , University of Illinois , University of Michigan , University of Minnesota , Northwestern University , and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago 's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics . In 1899 , Indiana University and the University of Iowa joined the conference to increase the membership to nine schools . In 1905 , the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives . The conference is one of the nation 's oldest , predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade , and was one of the first collegiate conferences to sponsor men 's basketball . Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations . All institutions except full member University of Nebraska and associate member Notre Dame are members of the Association of American Universities . Large student enrollment is a hallmark of Big Ten Universities , as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota Vikings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Minnesota_Vikings_season', 'summary': "The 2003 season was the Minnesota Vikings ' 43rd in the National Football League . They finished second in the NFC North with a 9-7 record , but missed the playoffs for a third straight year . Despite gaining 6,294 yards of offense over their 16 games , by far the most in the league , the team managed just 416 points , the sixth-most in the NFL . The Vikings won their first six games of the 2003 season , then lost their next four games , after which they alternated wins and losses for the remainder of the season . Despite their 9-7 record , they finished second in the division behind the 10-6 Green Bay Packers . The Vikings were officially eliminated from postseason contention with a loss to the Arizona Cardinals on the last play of their final game . Wide receiver Randy Moss led the NFL with 17 touchdown receptions , the third time in his career that he led the league in that category . After two seasons of inconsistency , rejuvenated quarterback Daunte Culpepper was voted to play in the second Pro Bowl of his career at the end of the season ."}]}, {'value': 'Adam Goldberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adam_Goldberg_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Adam David Goldberg ( born August 12 , 1980 ) is a former American football offensive tackle . He was signed by the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League ( NFL ) in 2003 , played for the Vikings from 2003 to 2005 , and played for the St. Louis Rams from 2006 to 2011 . He played college football at Wyoming .'}]}, {'value': 'OT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tackle_(gridiron_football_position)', 'summary': 'Tackle is a playing position in gridiron football . Historically , in the one-platoon system prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries , a tackle played on both offense and defense . In the modern system of specialized units , offensive tackle and defensive tackle are separate positions , and the stand-alone term tackle refers to the offensive tackle position only . The offensive tackle ( OT , T ) is a position on the offensive line , left and right . Like other offensive linemen , their job is to block : to physically keep defenders away from the offensive player who has the football and enable him to advance the football and eventually score a touchdown . The term tackle is a vestige of an earlier era of football in which the same players played both offense and defense .'}]}, {'value': 'Wyoming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Wyoming_Cowboys_football_team', 'summary': "The 2002 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season . The team 's head coach was Vic Koenning , who was fired after the regular season . They played their home games at War Memorial Stadium in Laramie , Wyoming , and competed in the Mountain West Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'MWC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mountain_West_Conference', 'summary': 'The Mountain West Conference ( MW ) is one of the collegiate athletic conferences affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) ( formerly I-A ) . The MW officially began operations in July 1999 . Geographically , the MW covers a broad expanse of the Western United States , with member schools located in California , Colorado , Hawaii , Idaho , Nevada , New Mexico , Utah , and Wyoming . Craig Thompson has served as Commissioner of the MW since its founding in 1999 . The charter members of the MW included the United States Air Force Academy , Brigham Young University , Colorado State University , San Diego State University , the University of New Mexico , the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , the University of Utah , and the University of Wyoming . Before forming the Mountain West Conference , seven of its eight charter members had been longtime members of the Western Athletic Conference , and half of these had been charter members of that conference from 1962 . Overall , each school that has ever been either a full or football-only member of the MW spent at least three years in the WAC before joining the Mountain West .'}]}, {'value': 'New York Jets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_New_York_Jets_season', 'summary': "The 2003 New York Jets season was the franchise 's 34th season in the National Football League ( NFL ) , the 44th season overall , and the third under head coach Herman Edwards . The team tried to improve upon its 9-7 record from 2002 and defend its AFC East title , but the Jets failed to do so and finished with a record of 6-10 missing the playoffs for the first time since 2000 ."}]}, {'value': 'Mark Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Brown_(linebacker,_born_1980)', 'summary': "Mark Brown ( born May 19 , 1980 ) is a former American football linebacker . Brown played college football for Auburn University , before signing with the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2003 . On May 4 , 2006 , the Arizona Cardinals signed Brown as an unrestricted free agent , but he was released later on that offseason . He now lives and works in Marietta , Georgia as a personal trainer . Brown was engaged to Candace N. Cagle , October 23 , 2010 . She played women 's soccer at Auburn University , where they met ."}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Auburn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Auburn_Tigers_football_team', 'summary': "The 2002 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season . Auburn , led by head coach Tommy Tuberville , finished with record of 9-4 , including a 5-3 record in the Southeastern Conference . Following a disappointing 7-5 finish the previous season , the coaching staff of the 2002 Tigers featured two prominent new members . Bobby Petrino was hired as the new offensive coordinator , and Gene Chizik joined the staff as the Tigers ' new defensive coordinator . Petrino left following the season to assume the head coaching job at Louisville , while Chizik remained at Auburn through the 2004 season before leaving for the defensive coordinator position at Texas . The Tigers finished the season ranked # 14 in the AP Poll and # 16 in the Coaches Poll ."}]}, {'value': 'SEC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southeastern_Conference', 'summary': "The Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the South Central and Southeastern United States . Its fourteen members include the flagship public universities of ten states , three additional public land grant universities , and one private research university . The conference is headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama . The SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I in sports competitions ; for football , it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A . The SEC is regarded as one of the most accomplished sports conferences in terms of its winning reputation , with 43 national football championships , 21 basketball championships , 41 indoor track championships , 42 outdoor track championships , 24 swimming championships , 20 gymnastics championships , and 13 College World Series . The conference is also highly successful financially , as it consistently leads most others in revenue distribution to its members , including an SEC record $ 455.8 million for the 2014-15 fiscal year , which was a sizable increase over the $ 292.8 million for the 2013-14 fiscal year , largely due to the revenue from the introduction of the SEC Network . The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a championship game ( and award a subsequent title ) for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey . The conference sponsors team championships in nine men 's sports and twelve women 's sports ."}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Eagles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Philadelphia_Eagles_season', 'summary': "The 2003 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 71st in the league . They matched their previous season 's record , going 12-4 , however , they were again upset in the NFC Championship Game . The team made the playoffs for the fourth straight year , won its third straight NFC East division title , and had the NFC 's top record for the second straight season . After losing their final game in Veterans Stadium to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the 2002 NFC Championship Game , Philadelphia looked to turn the page with the opening of brand-new Lincoln Financial Field , but the stadium got an inauspicious start when the Eagles dropped their first two games there , including a season-opening loss to Tampa Bay . A crushing loss to the New England Patriots left the Eagles 0-2 and expected to compete for the Super Bowl , at a precarious 2-3 , and it looked to be 2-4 before Brian Westbrook returned a punt for a touchdown to shock the New York Giants in the closing minutes of their Week 7 contest . The play turned the Eagles ' season around and they won their next nine games , finishing with a 12-4 record . In the playoffs , the Eagles needed a miracle conversion on 4th and 26 to defeat the Green Bay Packers , but the magic had run out by the next week and the team dropped a 14-3 decision to the Carolina Panthers at Lincoln Financial Field in the NFC Championship Game . A preseason holdout by running back Duce Staley resulted in a running back by committee situation by Staley , Westbrook , and Correll Buckhalter . The trio rushed for a combined 1,613 yards and 20 touchdowns and became known as The Three-Headed Monster . The rushing attack , which also benefited from 355 rushing yard and three touchdowns by quarterback Donovan McNabb , carried the offense , which featured a weak receiving corps that did not record a touchdown until Week 9 . There were calls early in the season to replace McNabb with backup A. J. Feeley , but McNabb would find his rhythm and enjoy a great season . The defense weathered early injuries to defensive backs Bobby Taylor and Brian Dawkins to eventually surrender the seventh-fewest points in the league ."}]}, {'value': 'Roderick Hood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roderick_Hood', 'summary': 'Roderick Hood ( born October 3 , 1981 ) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League . He was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles as an undrafted free agent in 2003 and also played for the Arizona Cardinals , Tennessee Titans and St. Louis Rams . He played college football for the Auburn Tigers at Auburn University .'}]}, {'value': 'CB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornerback', 'summary': "A cornerback ( CB ) is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in gridiron football . Cornerbacks cover receivers most of the time , but also blitz and defend against such offensive running plays as sweeps and reverses . They create turnovers through hard tackles , interceptions , and deflecting forward passes . Other members of the defensive backfield include strong and free safeties . The cornerback position requires speed , agility , and strength . A cornerback 's skill set typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback , backpedaling , executing single and zone coverage , disrupting pass routes , block shedding , and tackling . Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field ."}]}, {'value': 'Auburn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Auburn_Tigers_football_team', 'summary': "The 2002 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season . Auburn , led by head coach Tommy Tuberville , finished with record of 9-4 , including a 5-3 record in the Southeastern Conference . Following a disappointing 7-5 finish the previous season , the coaching staff of the 2002 Tigers featured two prominent new members . Bobby Petrino was hired as the new offensive coordinator , and Gene Chizik joined the staff as the Tigers ' new defensive coordinator . Petrino left following the season to assume the head coaching job at Louisville , while Chizik remained at Auburn through the 2004 season before leaving for the defensive coordinator position at Texas . The Tigers finished the season ranked # 14 in the AP Poll and # 16 in the Coaches Poll ."}]}, {'value': 'SEC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southeastern_Conference', 'summary': "The Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the South Central and Southeastern United States . Its fourteen members include the flagship public universities of ten states , three additional public land grant universities , and one private research university . The conference is headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama . The SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I in sports competitions ; for football , it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A . The SEC is regarded as one of the most accomplished sports conferences in terms of its winning reputation , with 43 national football championships , 21 basketball championships , 41 indoor track championships , 42 outdoor track championships , 24 swimming championships , 20 gymnastics championships , and 13 College World Series . The conference is also highly successful financially , as it consistently leads most others in revenue distribution to its members , including an SEC record $ 455.8 million for the 2014-15 fiscal year , which was a sizable increase over the $ 292.8 million for the 2013-14 fiscal year , largely due to the revenue from the introduction of the SEC Network . The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a championship game ( and award a subsequent title ) for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey . The conference sponsors team championships in nine men 's sports and twelve women 's sports ."}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Eagles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Philadelphia_Eagles_season', 'summary': "The 2003 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 71st in the league . They matched their previous season 's record , going 12-4 , however , they were again upset in the NFC Championship Game . The team made the playoffs for the fourth straight year , won its third straight NFC East division title , and had the NFC 's top record for the second straight season . After losing their final game in Veterans Stadium to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the 2002 NFC Championship Game , Philadelphia looked to turn the page with the opening of brand-new Lincoln Financial Field , but the stadium got an inauspicious start when the Eagles dropped their first two games there , including a season-opening loss to Tampa Bay . A crushing loss to the New England Patriots left the Eagles 0-2 and expected to compete for the Super Bowl , at a precarious 2-3 , and it looked to be 2-4 before Brian Westbrook returned a punt for a touchdown to shock the New York Giants in the closing minutes of their Week 7 contest . The play turned the Eagles ' season around and they won their next nine games , finishing with a 12-4 record . In the playoffs , the Eagles needed a miracle conversion on 4th and 26 to defeat the Green Bay Packers , but the magic had run out by the next week and the team dropped a 14-3 decision to the Carolina Panthers at Lincoln Financial Field in the NFC Championship Game . A preseason holdout by running back Duce Staley resulted in a running back by committee situation by Staley , Westbrook , and Correll Buckhalter . The trio rushed for a combined 1,613 yards and 20 touchdowns and became known as The Three-Headed Monster . The rushing attack , which also benefited from 355 rushing yard and three touchdowns by quarterback Donovan McNabb , carried the offense , which featured a weak receiving corps that did not record a touchdown until Week 9 . There were calls early in the season to replace McNabb with backup A. J. Feeley , but McNabb would find his rhythm and enjoy a great season . The defense weathered early injuries to defensive backs Bobby Taylor and Brian Dawkins to eventually surrender the seventh-fewest points in the league ."}]}, {'value': 'Jamaal Jackson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamaal_Jackson', 'summary': "Jamaal J. Jackson ( born May 8 , 1980 ) is a former American football center . He played for nine seasons for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League ( NFL ) . After playing college football for Delaware State , he was signed by the Eagles as an undrafted free agent in 2003 . He was the Eagles ' starting center from 2005 to 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(gridiron_football)', 'summary': "Center ( C ) is a position in gridiron football . The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team 's offense . The center is also the player who passes ( or snaps ) the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play . In recent years , the importance of centers for a football team has increased , due to the re-emergence of 3-4 defenses . According to Baltimore Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome , you need to have somebody who can neutralize that nose tackle . If you do n't , everything can get screwed up . Your running game wo n't be effective and you 'll also have somebody in your quarterback 's face on every play ."}]}, {'value': 'Delaware State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delaware_State_Hornets_football', 'summary': 'The Delaware State Hornets football team compete in Division I FCS , and are full-members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference . They are a five-time conference champion and made their first-ever FCS playoff appearance in 2007 . They play at the 7,193-seat Alumni Stadium located in Dover , Delaware . The facility opened in 1957 as a multi-purpose for football , and track and field .'}]}, {'value': 'MEAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-Eastern_Athletic_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference ( MEAC ) is a collegiate athletic conference whose full members are historically black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) in the Southeastern and the Mid-Atlantic United States . It participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I , and in football , in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) . Currently , the MEAC has automatic qualifying bids for NCAA postseason play in baseball ( since 1994 ) , men 's basketball ( since 1981 ) , women 's basketball ( since 1982 ) , football ( 1996-2015 ) , softball ( since 1995 ) , men and women 's tennis ( since 1998 ) , and volleyball ( since 1994 ) . Bowling was officially sanctioned as a MEAC governed sport in 1999 . Before that season , the MEAC was the first conference to secure NCAA sanctioning for women 's bowling by adopting the club sport prior to the 1996-97 school year ."}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Eagles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Philadelphia_Eagles_season', 'summary': "The 2003 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 71st in the league . They matched their previous season 's record , going 12-4 , however , they were again upset in the NFC Championship Game . The team made the playoffs for the fourth straight year , won its third straight NFC East division title , and had the NFC 's top record for the second straight season . After losing their final game in Veterans Stadium to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the 2002 NFC Championship Game , Philadelphia looked to turn the page with the opening of brand-new Lincoln Financial Field , but the stadium got an inauspicious start when the Eagles dropped their first two games there , including a season-opening loss to Tampa Bay . A crushing loss to the New England Patriots left the Eagles 0-2 and expected to compete for the Super Bowl , at a precarious 2-3 , and it looked to be 2-4 before Brian Westbrook returned a punt for a touchdown to shock the New York Giants in the closing minutes of their Week 7 contest . The play turned the Eagles ' season around and they won their next nine games , finishing with a 12-4 record . In the playoffs , the Eagles needed a miracle conversion on 4th and 26 to defeat the Green Bay Packers , but the magic had run out by the next week and the team dropped a 14-3 decision to the Carolina Panthers at Lincoln Financial Field in the NFC Championship Game . A preseason holdout by running back Duce Staley resulted in a running back by committee situation by Staley , Westbrook , and Correll Buckhalter . The trio rushed for a combined 1,613 yards and 20 touchdowns and became known as The Three-Headed Monster . The rushing attack , which also benefited from 355 rushing yard and three touchdowns by quarterback Donovan McNabb , carried the offense , which featured a weak receiving corps that did not record a touchdown until Week 9 . There were calls early in the season to replace McNabb with backup A. J. Feeley , but McNabb would find his rhythm and enjoy a great season . The defense weathered early injuries to defensive backs Bobby Taylor and Brian Dawkins to eventually surrender the seventh-fewest points in the league ."}]}, {'value': 'Derrick Frost', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Derrick_Frost', 'summary': 'Derrick E. Frost ( born November 25 , 1980 ) is a former American football punter . He was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles as an undrafted free agent in 2003 . He played college football at Northern Iowa . Frost has been a member of the Baltimore Ravens , Cleveland Browns , Washington Redskins , Green Bay Packers , and California Redwoods .'}]}, {'value': 'P', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Punter_(football)', 'summary': 'A punter ( P ) in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts ( kicks ) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage . This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football . Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations , when they throw or run the football instead of punting .'}]}, {'value': 'Northern Iowa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Northern_Iowa_Panthers_football_team', 'summary': 'The 2002 Northern Iowa Panthers football team represented the University of Northern Iowa in the 2002 NCAA Division I-AA football season .'}]}, {'value': 'Gateway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Missouri_Valley_Football_Conference', 'summary': "The Missouri Valley Football Conference ( MVFC ) , formerly the Gateway Football Conference , is a collegiate athletic conference which operates in the Midwestern United States . It participates in the NCAA 's Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) as a football-only conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Eagles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Philadelphia_Eagles_season', 'summary': "The 2003 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 71st in the league . They matched their previous season 's record , going 12-4 , however , they were again upset in the NFC Championship Game . The team made the playoffs for the fourth straight year , won its third straight NFC East division title , and had the NFC 's top record for the second straight season . After losing their final game in Veterans Stadium to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the 2002 NFC Championship Game , Philadelphia looked to turn the page with the opening of brand-new Lincoln Financial Field , but the stadium got an inauspicious start when the Eagles dropped their first two games there , including a season-opening loss to Tampa Bay . A crushing loss to the New England Patriots left the Eagles 0-2 and expected to compete for the Super Bowl , at a precarious 2-3 , and it looked to be 2-4 before Brian Westbrook returned a punt for a touchdown to shock the New York Giants in the closing minutes of their Week 7 contest . The play turned the Eagles ' season around and they won their next nine games , finishing with a 12-4 record . In the playoffs , the Eagles needed a miracle conversion on 4th and 26 to defeat the Green Bay Packers , but the magic had run out by the next week and the team dropped a 14-3 decision to the Carolina Panthers at Lincoln Financial Field in the NFC Championship Game . A preseason holdout by running back Duce Staley resulted in a running back by committee situation by Staley , Westbrook , and Correll Buckhalter . The trio rushed for a combined 1,613 yards and 20 touchdowns and became known as The Three-Headed Monster . The rushing attack , which also benefited from 355 rushing yard and three touchdowns by quarterback Donovan McNabb , carried the offense , which featured a weak receiving corps that did not record a touchdown until Week 9 . There were calls early in the season to replace McNabb with backup A. J. Feeley , but McNabb would find his rhythm and enjoy a great season . The defense weathered early injuries to defensive backs Bobby Taylor and Brian Dawkins to eventually surrender the seventh-fewest points in the league ."}]}, {'value': 'Quintin Mikell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quintin_Mikell', 'summary': 'Quintin Perry Mikell ( born September 16 , 1980 ) is a former American football safety who played for eleven seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) . After playing college football for Boise State University , he was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles as an undrafted free agent in 2003 . He played for the Eagles for eight seasons , the St. Louis Rams for two seasons , and the Carolina Panthers for one season .'}]}, {'value': 'S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Safety_(gridiron_football_position)', 'summary': 'Safety , historically known as a safetyman , is a position in gridiron football played by a member of the defense . The safeties are defensive backs who line up from ten to fifteen yards from the line of scrimmage . There are two variations of the position in a typical American formation : the free safety ( FS ) and the strong safety ( SS ) . Their duties depend on the defensive scheme . The defensive responsibilities of the safety and cornerback usually involve pass coverage towards the middle and sidelines of the field , respectively . While American ( 11-player ) formations generally use two safeties , Canadian ( 12-player ) formations generally have one safety and two defensive halfbacks , a position not used in the American game . As professional and college football have become more focused on the passing game , safeties have become more involved in covering the eligible pass receivers . Safeties are the last line of defense ; they are expected to be reliable tacklers , and many safeties rank among the hardest hitters in football . Safety positions can also be converted cornerbacks , either by design ( Byron Jones ) or as a cornerback ages ( Charles Woodson , DeAngelo Hall , Lardarius Webb , Tramon Williams ) . Historically , in the era of the one-platoon system , the safety was known as the defensive fullback ( specifically the free safety ; the strong safety would be a defensive halfback , a term still in Canadian parlance ) or goaltender .'}]}, {'value': 'Boise State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Boise_State_Broncos_football_team', 'summary': 'The 2002 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University in the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season . Boise State competed as a member of the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) , and played their home games at Bronco Stadium in Boise , Idaho . The Broncos were led by second-year head coach Dan Hawkins . The Broncos finished the season 12-1 and 8-0 in conference to win their first WAC title and played in the Humanitarian Bowl , where they defeated Iowa State , 34-16 . The 2002 marked the first season that Boise State was ranked in the top 25 since moving to Division I-A in 1996 .'}]}, {'value': 'WAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Athletic_Conference', 'summary': "The Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference formed on July 27 , 1962 , and affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I . The WAC covers a broad expanse of the western United States , with member institutions located in Arizona , California , New Mexico , Utah , and Washington , along with the non-western states of Missouri and Illinois ( traditionally associated with the Midwest ) , as well as Texas ( traditionally associated with the Southwest ) . Due to most of the conference 's football-playing members leaving the WAC for other affiliations , the conference discontinued football as a sponsored sport after the 2012-13 season and left the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision ( formerly known as Division I-A ) . The WAC thus became the first Division I conference to drop football since the Big West in 2000 . The WAC then added men 's soccer and became one of the NCAA 's eleven Division I non-football conferences ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Notable undrafted players', 'section_text': '† = Pro Bowler [ 11 ]', 'uid': '2003_NFL_Draft_2', 'intro': "The 2003 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League (NFL) teams selected amateur college football players. The draft is known officially as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting and has been conducted annually since 1936. The draft was held April 26-27, 2003 at the Theatre at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York. [source 1] The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season. The draft was broadcast on ESPN and ESPN2 beginning at noon on Saturday, April 26 and beginning at 11:00 am on Sunday, April 27. The draft consisted of seven rounds, with teams selecting in the reverse order of the finish the previous season. There were 32 compensatory picks distributed among 15 teams, with five teams each receiving four additional selections. In addition, the Houston Texans, who started play as an expansion franchise the previous season, were granted a supplemental selection in the middle of each of the draft's final five rounds, plus the final selection in the final two rounds. There was little drama when the draft began with the Cincinnati Bengals selecting Carson Palmer, as Palmer had agreed to contract terms with the Bengals the previous day. He became the first Heisman Trophy winner selected first overall in the draft since Vinny Testaverde in 1987. The event ended nearly 30 hours later with Ryan Hoag being chosen by the Oakland Raiders with the final pick and thus gaining the distinction of Mr. Irrelevant."}	null	null	Which team finished second in the AFC West and acquired an Australian former American football punter who had played for the University of Hawaii ?	Denver Broncos
09fc3d1da3f1e772	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wattana', 'title': 'James Wattana', 'header': ['Outcome', 'No', 'Year', 'Championship', 'Opponent in the final', 'Score'], 'data': [{'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1986_Thailand_Masters', 'summary': 'The 1986 Camus Thailand Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament held in August 1986 in Bangkok , Thailand . James Wattana won the tournament , defeating Terry Griffiths 2-1 in the final .'}]}, {'value': 'Thailand Masters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand_Masters', 'summary': 'The Thailand Masters was a professional snooker tournament . Previously known as Asian Open and Thailand Open , it was a ranking tournament from 1989/90 to 2001/02 . An event called the Thailand Masters also formed part of the World Series in 1991/92 , with Steve Davis beating Stephen Hendry 6-3 . The final champion was Marco Fu .'}]}, {'value': 'Terry Griffiths', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terry_Griffiths', 'summary': "Terrence Martin Griffiths , OBE ( born 16 October 1947 ) is a retired Welsh snooker player and current snooker coach and pundit . He became World Champion in 1979 at the first attempt , and was runner-up in 1988 . He achieved the notable feat of reaching at least the quarter-finals of the World Championship for nine consecutive years from 1984 to 1992 . He also won the Masters in 1980 and the UK Championship in 1982 , making him one of only eleven players to have completed snooker 's Triple Crown . He was known for his slow , cautious , yet elegant style of play ."}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hong Kong Challenge', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jimmy White', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_White', 'summary': "James Warren White , MBE ( born 2 May 1962 ) is an English professional snooker player who now competes with an invitational tour card . Nicknamed The Whirlwind because of his fluid , attacking style of play and popularly referred to as the People 's Champion , White is the 1980 World Amateur Champion , 2009 Six-red World champion , 2010 and 2019 World Seniors Champion , 2019 Seniors 6-Red World Champion and 1984 World Doubles champion with Alex Higgins . White has won two of snooker 's three majors : the UK Championship ( in 1992 ) and the Masters ( in 1984 ) and a total of ten ranking events ; he is currently tenth on the all-time list of ranking event winners . He reached six World Championship finals but never won the event ; the closest he came was in 1994 when he lost in a final frame decider against Stephen Hendry . He spent 21 seasons ranked in snooker 's elite top 16 . In team events , he won the Nations Cup and the World Cup with England . He is one of a select number of players to have made over 300-century breaks in professional competition . White was also the first left-handed player , and the second player overall , to record a maximum break at the World Championship ."}]}, {'value': '9-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Masters_(snooker)', 'summary': 'The 1991 Benson & Hedges Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 3 and 10 February 1991 at the Wembley Conference Centre in London , England . The highest break of the tournament was a 135 compiled by Dennis Taylor , for which he earned £7,500 . In the final , defending champion Stephen Hendry performed what is considered to be one of the greatest comebacks in snooker , when he defeated Mike Hallett 9-8 , after trailing 0-7 and 2-8 earlier in the match . With the Masters title in his sights , Hallett just needed to pot the final pink and black in the eleventh frame to win the match , but he missed the pink with the rest at 8-2 up , allowing Hendry to take the frame and then make a historic recovery . Places in the tournament were allocated to the top 16 players in the world rankings . World number one Stephen Hendry was the number 1 seed . Players seeded 15 and 16 ( Tony Meo and Alain Robidoux ) competed in the wild-card round against Alan McManus , who was the winner of the qualifying event , and Gary Wilkinson ( ranked 19 ) , who was the wild-card selection . Martin Clark ( ranked 12 ) , Alan McManus , Alain Robidoux , and Gary Wilkinson were making their Masters debuts .'}]}, {'value': 'Benson & Hedges Championship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Masters_Qualifying_Event', 'summary': 'The Masters Qualifying Event was a professional snooker tournament , which ran from 1990 to 2009 . Each season , the winner of the event was awarded a wild-card to play at the Masters .'}]}, {'value': 'Alan McManus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alan_McManus', 'summary': "Alan McManus ( born 21 January 1971 ) is a Scottish professional snooker player and snooker commentator . A mainstay of the world 's top sixteen during the 1990s and 2000s , he has won two ranking events , the 1994 Dubai Classic and the 1996 Thailand Open , and competed in the World Championship semi-finals in 1992 , 1993 and 2016 . He also won the 1994 Masters , ending Stephen Hendry 's five-year , 23-match unbeaten streak at the tournament with a 9-8 victory in the final ."}]}, {'value': '5-9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': "King 's Cup", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/King's_Cup", 'summary': "The King 's Cup is an international football tournament organised in Thailand by the Football Association of Thailand . The host , Thailand , is a participant in every edition . The tournament was founded in 1968 , and has been held every year since then , with the exception of 1983 , 1985 , 2008 , 2011 and 2014 . In some years , the competition has featured club or invitational teams as well as international sides . Many famous footballers have participated in this tournament , including Cha Bum-kun , Peter Schmeichel , Jesper Olsen , Brian Laudrup , Henrik Larsson , Robert Lewandowski , Martin Škrteľ , Milan Škriniar as well as notably , the Brazil national team in 1999 which included 2002 World Cup winners Ronaldinho , Cafu , Roberto Carlos and Rivaldo ."}]}, {'value': 'Joe Swail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Swail', 'summary': 'Joe Swail ( born 29 August 1969 ) is a former professional snooker player from Belfast , Northern Ireland . He retired in May 2019 after being relegated from the tour . He has reached ten major ranking semi-finals , including the 2000 and 2001 World Championships but only one final . Swail is renowned for playing well at the Crucible Theatre , having reached the last 16 on four further occasions . He is also a former English amateur champion and Northern Ireland amateur runner-up , and has captained Northern Ireland internationally . He was Irish champion in 1992 and 2005 .'}]}, {'value': '4-8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_European_Masters_League', 'summary': 'The 1991 European Masters League was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was played in June 1991 . Held on just one occasion , four players participated and it was won by Steve Davis .'}]}, {'value': 'European Masters League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_European_Masters_League', 'summary': 'The 1991 European Masters League was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was played in June 1991 . Held on just one occasion , four players participated and it was won by Steve Davis .'}]}, {'value': 'Steve Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Davis', 'summary': "Steve Davis , OBE ( born 22 August 1957 ) is an English retired professional snooker player from Plumstead , London . He dominated the sport during the 1980s , when he reached eight World Championship finals in nine years , won six world titles , and held the world number one ranking for seven consecutive seasons . He is also remembered among the wider public for the 1985 World Championship final against Dennis Taylor , which was decided on the final black and still holds the record for the UK 's largest post-midnight television audience , with 18.5 million viewers . Davis won a total of 28 ranking events , placing him fourth on the all-time list . In addition to his six world titles , he won the Masters three times and the UK Championship six times , for a total of 15 Triple Crown titles , behind only Ronnie O'Sullivan ( 19 ) and Stephen Hendry ( 18 ) . During the 1987-88 season , he became the first player to win all three Triple Crown events in a single season , and remains one of only three players ( along with Hendry and Mark Williams ) to achieve this . The first player to earn over £1 million in the professional game , he earned a total of £5.5 million in career prize money . He compiled a career total of 355 competitive century breaks , including the first officially recognised and first televised maximum break in professional competition , at the Classic in 1982 . Named the BBC 's Sports Personality of the Year in 1988 , he remains the only snooker player ever to win the award . Davis ' dominance of snooker ended with the emergence of Hendry in the 1990s , but he continued to compete at a high level over the next two decades . He won the Masters in 1997 , reached the final of the UK Championship in 2005 , and was still a top-16 player when he turned 50 during the 2007/2008 season . In 2010 , aged 52 , he made a record 30th ( and final ) appearance at the World Championship , and defeated reigning world champion John Higgins to become the oldest world quarter-finalist since 1983 ."}]}, {'value': 'Round-Robin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hong Kong Challenge', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stephen Hendry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephen_Hendry', 'summary': "Stephen Gordon Hendry MBE ( born 13 January 1969 ) is a Scottish former professional snooker player and current commentator for the BBC and ITV . One of the most successful players in the history of snooker , he has won snooker 's most prestigious tournament , the World Snooker Championship , a record seven times and holds the record for most seasons as world number one ( 9 ) . His first world title in 1990 , at the age of 21 , made him the youngest-ever World Champion , a record that he still holds . Hendry also won six Masters titles ( including five consecutively ) , and five UK Championship titles . His total of 18 Triple Crown tournament wins is surpassed only by O'Sullivan 's 19 . One of only three players to have won all three Triple Crown events in a single season , Hendry is the only player to have achieved the feat twice , in the 1989/1990 and 1995/1996 seasons . He shares the record for the most ranking titles ( 36 ) with Ronnie O'Sullivan . A prolific break builder , he recorded a total of 775 career century breaks , and made 11 officially-recognised maximum breaks in professional competition . He was awarded an MBE in 1994 , and voted BBC Scotland 's Sports Personality of the Year in 1987 and 1996 . In May 2012 , after featuring in his 27th consecutive World Championship , he announced his retirement from the game , bringing to an end his record 23 consecutive seasons in the top 16 of the world rankings ."}]}, {'value': '1-9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgian Masters', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Parrott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Parrott', 'summary': 'John Stephen Parrott , MBE ( born 11 May 1964 ) is an English former professional snooker player , and television personality . He was a familiar face on the professional snooker circuit during the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s , and remained within the top 16 of the world rankings for fourteen consecutive seasons . He reached the final of the 1989 World Championship , where he lost 3-18 to Steve Davis , the heaviest defeat in a world championship final in modern times . He won the title two years later , defeating Jimmy White in the final of the 1991 World Championship . He repeated his win against White later the same year , to take the 1991 UK Championship title , becoming only the third player to win both championships in the same calendar year ( after Steve Davis and Stephen Hendry ) ; he is still one of only six players to have achieved this feat . He spent three seasons at number 2 in the world rankings ( 1989/1990 , 1992/1993 , 1993/1994 ) , and he is one of several players to have achieved more than 200 competitive centuries during his career , with 221 .'}]}, {'value': '10-5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_World_Matchplay_(snooker)', 'summary': 'The 1992 Coalite World Matchplay was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place in December 1992 in Doncaster , England . This was the final year the tournament was held . James Wattana won the event , defeating Steve Davis 9-4 in the final .'}]}, {'value': 'World Matchplay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/World_Matchplay_(snooker)', 'summary': 'The World Matchplay professional non-ranking snooker tournament was established in 1988 and last held in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': 'Steve Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Davis', 'summary': "Steve Davis , OBE ( born 22 August 1957 ) is an English retired professional snooker player from Plumstead , London . He dominated the sport during the 1980s , when he reached eight World Championship finals in nine years , won six world titles , and held the world number one ranking for seven consecutive seasons . He is also remembered among the wider public for the 1985 World Championship final against Dennis Taylor , which was decided on the final black and still holds the record for the UK 's largest post-midnight television audience , with 18.5 million viewers . Davis won a total of 28 ranking events , placing him fourth on the all-time list . In addition to his six world titles , he won the Masters three times and the UK Championship six times , for a total of 15 Triple Crown titles , behind only Ronnie O'Sullivan ( 19 ) and Stephen Hendry ( 18 ) . During the 1987-88 season , he became the first player to win all three Triple Crown events in a single season , and remains one of only three players ( along with Hendry and Mark Williams ) to achieve this . The first player to earn over £1 million in the professional game , he earned a total of £5.5 million in career prize money . He compiled a career total of 355 competitive century breaks , including the first officially recognised and first televised maximum break in professional competition , at the Classic in 1982 . Named the BBC 's Sports Personality of the Year in 1988 , he remains the only snooker player ever to win the award . Davis ' dominance of snooker ended with the emergence of Hendry in the 1990s , but he continued to compete at a high level over the next two decades . He won the Masters in 1997 , reached the final of the UK Championship in 2005 , and was still a top-16 player when he turned 50 during the 2007/2008 season . In 2010 , aged 52 , he made a record 30th ( and final ) appearance at the World Championship , and defeated reigning world champion John Higgins to become the oldest world quarter-finalist since 1983 ."}]}, {'value': '9-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Pot_Black', 'summary': "The 1992 Pot Black was the second of the revived professional invitational snooker tournament and the 20th series altogether . It took place during the summer of 1992 and broadcast in autumn . The tournament was held in Blackpool , and featured sixteen professional players in a knock-out system . This year , the series had been changed into a timeframe system which players would play at least one or two frames of snooker against the clock ( each show was at least 20 minutes ) , the final being longer . Broadcasts were shown on Mondays and Wednesdays and the series started at 15:00 on Monday 7 September 1992 . Eammon Holmes presented the series and Ted Lowe and Willie Thorne were the commentators with John Williams as referee . Players in this year 's series were the top 16 ranked players for the 1992-93 season except the No1 player Stephen Hendry and Darren Morgan . Replacing them were the first ever woman to play in series , Allison Fisher and the professional debut of the Junior Pot Black champion Ronnie O'Sullivan who beat defending Pot Black champion Steve Davis in the first show of the series . The final was won by Neal Foulds beating debutant James Wattana"}]}, {'value': 'Pot Black', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pot_Black', 'summary': "Pot Black was a BBC television series of annual snooker tournaments held in the United Kingdom from 1969 to 1986 , which carried no ranking points , but played a large part in the popularisation of the modern game . The event was revived in the form of several one-off tournaments throughout the 1990s and up to 2007 . Pot Black helped transform snooker from a minority sport with just a handful of professionals into one of the most popular sports in the United Kingdom . Mark Williams holds the event 's highest break record of 119 ."}]}, {'value': 'Neal Foulds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neal_Foulds', 'summary': 'Neal Foulds ( born 13 July 1963 ) is an English former professional snooker player and six-times tournament winner , including the 1986 International Open , the 1988 Dubai Masters and the 1992 Scottish Masters , as well as the invitational Pot Black in 1992 . He was the runner up for the UK Championships in 1986 , the British Open in 1987 and reached the semi finals of the Masters on three occasions , as well as the World Championship . After his retirement , Foulds became a commentator for the BBC and is currently part of the presenting team for ITV and Eurosport .'}]}, {'value': '0-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': "King 's Cup ( 2 )", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/King's_Cup", 'summary': "The King 's Cup is an international football tournament organised in Thailand by the Football Association of Thailand . The host , Thailand , is a participant in every edition . The tournament was founded in 1968 , and has been held every year since then , with the exception of 1983 , 1985 , 2008 , 2011 and 2014 . In some years , the competition has featured club or invitational teams as well as international sides . Many famous footballers have participated in this tournament , including Cha Bum-kun , Peter Schmeichel , Jesper Olsen , Brian Laudrup , Henrik Larsson , Robert Lewandowski , Martin Škrteľ , Milan Škriniar as well as notably , the Brazil national team in 1999 which included 2002 World Cup winners Ronaldinho , Cafu , Roberto Carlos and Rivaldo ."}]}, {'value': 'Nigel Bond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nigel_Bond', 'summary': "Nigel Bond ( born 15 November 1965 ) is an English professional snooker player . Bond has competed on the main tour since 1989 , and was ranked within the world 's top 16 players between 1992 and 1999 , peaking at 5th for the 1996/1997 season . He reached the final of the World Championship in 1995 , where he lost 9-18 to Stephen Hendry , and won the 1996 British Open , defeating John Higgins 9-8 . Having reached the final of three other ranking tournaments , Bond won the 2011 Snooker Shoot-Out and , in 2012 , defeated Tony Chappel to win the World Seniors Championship . He retained his place in the top 64 until 2015 ."}]}, {'value': '7-8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1993_Masters_(snooker)', 'summary': 'The 1993 Benson & Hedges Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 7 and 14 February 1993 at the Wembley Conference Centre in London , England . Stephen Hendry retained the title by beating James Wattana 9-5 in the final . After the final the Benson & Hedges Masters trophy was given to Hendry to keep for winning the event five times in a row .'}]}, {'value': 'The Masters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Masters_(snooker)', 'summary': "The Masters is a professional invitational snooker tournament . Held every year since 1975 , it is the second-longest running tournament behind the World Championship . It is one of the Triple Crown events , and although not a ranking event , it is regarded as one of the most prestigious tournaments on the circuit . The reigning champion is Stuart Bingham . The Masters began as an invitational event for 10 top players . The field was expanded to 12 competitors in 1981 , and 16 in 1983 . Since 1984 , the standard invitees have been the top 16 players in the world rankings , with the addition of two or three wild-card places in tournaments held between 1990 and 2010 . Ronnie O'Sullivan holds the record for the most Masters titles , having won the tournament seven times . Stephen Hendry has won six titles , Cliff Thorburn , Steve Davis , Mark Selby , and Paul Hunter three , and Alex Higgins , Mark Williams and John Higgins two . In 2016 , the Masters trophy was renamed the Paul Hunter Trophy in honour of the three-time champion , who died in 2006 , aged 27 . The oldest champion in Masters history is the reigning champion Stuart Bingham , who was aged 43 years and 243 days in 2020 . The youngest champion is O'Sullivan , who won his first title in 1995 aged 19 years and 69 days ."}]}, {'value': 'Stephen Hendry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephen_Hendry', 'summary': "Stephen Gordon Hendry MBE ( born 13 January 1969 ) is a Scottish former professional snooker player and current commentator for the BBC and ITV . One of the most successful players in the history of snooker , he has won snooker 's most prestigious tournament , the World Snooker Championship , a record seven times and holds the record for most seasons as world number one ( 9 ) . His first world title in 1990 , at the age of 21 , made him the youngest-ever World Champion , a record that he still holds . Hendry also won six Masters titles ( including five consecutively ) , and five UK Championship titles . His total of 18 Triple Crown tournament wins is surpassed only by O'Sullivan 's 19 . One of only three players to have won all three Triple Crown events in a single season , Hendry is the only player to have achieved the feat twice , in the 1989/1990 and 1995/1996 seasons . He shares the record for the most ranking titles ( 36 ) with Ronnie O'Sullivan . A prolific break builder , he recorded a total of 775 career century breaks , and made 11 officially-recognised maximum breaks in professional competition . He was awarded an MBE in 1994 , and voted BBC Scotland 's Sports Personality of the Year in 1987 and 1996 . In May 2012 , after featuring in his 27th consecutive World Championship , he announced his retirement from the game , bringing to an end his record 23 consecutive seasons in the top 16 of the world rankings ."}]}, {'value': '5-9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1993_Extra_Challenge', 'summary': "The 1993 Nescafé Extra Challenge was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was played in Bangkok , Thailand in January 1993 . Four players participated - Alan McManus , Ronnie O'Sullivan , John Parrott and James Wattana . 17 year old O'Sullivan won the tournament to collect his first professional title . The tournament was played in a Round-Robin group format ."}]}, {'value': 'Nescafe Extra Challenge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1993_Extra_Challenge', 'summary': "The 1993 Nescafé Extra Challenge was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was played in Bangkok , Thailand in January 1993 . Four players participated - Alan McManus , Ronnie O'Sullivan , John Parrott and James Wattana . 17 year old O'Sullivan won the tournament to collect his first professional title . The tournament was played in a Round-Robin group format ."}]}, {'value': "Ronnie O'Sullivan", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ronnie_O'Sullivan", 'summary': "Ronald Antonio O'Sullivan OBE ( born 5 December 1975 ) is an English professional snooker player who is one of the most successful players in the history of the sport . Since turning professional in 1992 , he has won five World Championships , a record seven Masters titles , and a record seven UK Championships , setting a record total of 19 titles in Triple Crown tournaments . He shares the record for the most ranking titles ( 36 ) with Stephen Hendry and also holds the record as the youngest winner of a ranking title ( 1993 UK Championship , aged 17 years and 358 days ) as well as the youngest winner of the Masters ( in 1995 , aged 19 years and 69 days ) . In the 2017/2018 season , O'Sullivan won five ranking events in a single season , a record that he shares with Hendry , Ding Junhui and Mark Selby . His career prize money of over £11 million is the highest amount earned by any player in snooker history . A prolific break-builder , O'Sullivan is the only player to have reached 1,000 career century breaks . He has also achieved the highest number of officially recognized maximum breaks in professional competition ( 15 ) , and the fastest competitive maximum break , compiled in a time of 5 minutes and 8 seconds at the 1997 World Championship . He first became world number one in the 2002/2003 season and held the position for five out of eight seasons , ending in May 2010 . He regained the top ranking in March 2019 after a nine-year absence , the longest time any player has spent between spells as world number one , and held it until August 2019 . O'Sullivan has often been a controversial figure in the sport . Noted for his unpredictable temperament and his struggles with alcohol , drugs , and depression , he has received many warnings and sanctions from the sport 's governing body over his conduct and comments . He took a prolonged break from the sport during the 2012/2013 season and is known for repeatedly declaring his intention to retire ."}]}, {'value': 'Round-Robin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': "King 's Cup", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/King's_Cup", 'summary': "The King 's Cup is an international football tournament organised in Thailand by the Football Association of Thailand . The host , Thailand , is a participant in every edition . The tournament was founded in 1968 , and has been held every year since then , with the exception of 1983 , 1985 , 2008 , 2011 and 2014 . In some years , the competition has featured club or invitational teams as well as international sides . Many famous footballers have participated in this tournament , including Cha Bum-kun , Peter Schmeichel , Jesper Olsen , Brian Laudrup , Henrik Larsson , Robert Lewandowski , Martin Škrteľ , Milan Škriniar as well as notably , the Brazil national team in 1999 which included 2002 World Cup winners Ronaldinho , Cafu , Roberto Carlos and Rivaldo ."}]}, {'value': 'Darren Morgan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darren_Morgan', 'summary': 'Darren Morgan ( born 3 May 1966 ) is a Welsh former professional snooker player who now competes as an amateur . Morgan won the World Amateur Championship in 1987 and played on the professional main tour from 1988 until 2006 . He earned just over £1 million in prize money , reached a high ranking of eight , and was ranked within the top 16 for six years despite never winning a ranking event . He compiled 111 century breaks in his career .'}]}, {'value': '8-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Euro-Asia Masters Event 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Euro-Asia_Masters_Challenge', 'summary': 'The Euro-Asia Masters Challenge was an invitational professional non-ranking snooker tournament which ran for three editions .'}]}, {'value': 'Ken Doherty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ken_Doherty', 'summary': "Ken Doherty ( born 17 September 1969 ) is an Irish professional snooker player , commentator and radio presenter . As an amateur , Doherty won the Irish Amateur Championship twice , the World Under-21 Amateur Championship and the World Amateur Championship . Having turned professional in 1990 , Doherty has won a total of six ranking tournaments , including the 1997 World Snooker Championship in which he defeated Stephen Hendry , inflicting Hendry 's first loss in a world final . This made him the first player , and so far one of only two ( the other being Stuart Bingham ) to have been world amateur and professional champion . The following year , he came very close to breaking the Crucible curse , reaching the 1998 final where he lost out to John Higgins . He reached a third final in 2003 , in which he was defeated by Mark Williams . In other triple crown events , he is a three-time UK Championship runner-up and a two-time Masters runner-up . An intelligent tactician and prolific break-builder , Doherty has compiled more than 300 century breaks in professional competition . Since 2009 , he has combined his playing career with commentating and punditry work ."}]}, {'value': '6-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Euro-Asia Masters Challenge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Euro-Asia_Masters_Challenge', 'summary': 'The Euro-Asia Masters Challenge was an invitational professional non-ranking snooker tournament which ran for three editions .'}]}, {'value': 'John Higgins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Higgins_(snooker_player)', 'summary': "John Higgins , MBE ( born 18 May 1975 ) is a Scottish professional snooker player . Since turning professional in 1992 , he has won 30 ranking titles , including four World Championships and three UK Championships , as well as two Masters titles , making him one of the most successful players in the history of the sport . In terms of world titles in the modern era , Higgins is fifth behind Stephen Hendry ( 7 ) , Steve Davis ( 6 ) , Ray Reardon ( 6 ) and Ronnie O'Sullivan ( 5 ) . His 30 career ranking titles puts him in third place behind Hendry ( 36 ) and O'Sullivan ( 36 ) . Known as a prolific break-builder , he has compiled more than 750 century breaks in professional tournament play , second only to O'Sullivan . He has also compiled 9 competitive maximum breaks , placing him third behind O'Sullivan ( 15 ) and Hendry ( 11 ) . For 16 consecutive full seasons from 1996/1997 to 2011/2012 , Higgins never fell below 6th in the world rankings , and was world number 1 on four occasions . In 2010 , the News of the World tabloid newspaper carried out a sting operation in a hotel room in Ukraine , which claimed to show Higgins and his then-manager arranging to lose specific frames in future matches for money . Although an investigation cleared Higgins of match-fixing allegations , it found that he had brought the sport into disrepute by failing to report , and giving the impression of agreeing with , an invitation to breach the sport 's betting rules . The WPBSA banned Higgins from professional competition for six months and fined him £75,000 . He returned to the tour midway through the 2010/2011 season . After his return to snooker , Higgins added a third UK Championship title and claimed his fourth world title in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '4-5', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Legend The Masters ( 0–1 ) Other ( 6–8 )', 'uid': 'James_Wattana_1', 'intro': "James Wattana (Thai: เจมส์ วัฒนา; born January 17, 1970, as วัฒนา ภู่โอบอ้อม Wattana Pu-Ob-Orm, then renamed รัชพล ภู่โอบอ้อม Ratchapol Pu-Ob-Orm in 2003) is a Thai professional snooker player who now competes in ranking tournaments with an invitational tour card. A professional between 1989 and 2008, and again since 2009, Wattana reached his highest ranking position - world number 3 - for the 1994/1995 season. He has won three ranking tournaments, the 1992 Strachan Open and the Thailand Open in 1994 and 1995, and has finished as the runner-up in a further five ranking events. He twice reached the semi-finals of the World Snooker Championship, in 1993 and 1997. When he was defeated in the semi-finals in 1993 by Jimmy White, it was only Wattana's second appearance in the final televised stages at the Crucible Theatre, his first being the previous year when he lost in the second round to the eventual winner Stephen Hendry."}	null	null	What was awarded during the 2016 New Year Honours to the snooker player who was only seventeen-years-old when he won the 1993 Round-Robin group formatted championship that was held in Bangkok ?	OBE
09fc8d131edb0033	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributaries_of_the_River_Thames', 'title': 'Tributaries of the River Thames', 'header': ['Name', 'Confluence', 'Effluence'], 'data': [{'value': 'Desborough Cut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Desborough_Cut', 'summary': 'The Desborough Cut is an artificial channel in the River Thames above Sunbury Lock near Walton on Thames in England . It was completed in 1935 , to improve flow and ease navigation on the river . The cut was dug between 1930 and 1935 , taking the river on a straight course between Weybridge and Walton , and avoiding a meandering stretch past Shepperton and Lower Halliford . It is a very slight curve 1,093 metres ( 1,195 yd ) long . Its geodesic length is 1,084 metres ( 1,185 yd ) as the crow flies , and its construction created Desborough Island . Two bridges were built across the cut to link to the island , which contains a water treatment works and a large extent of open space used for recreation . The cut alleviated flooding in Shepperton and halved the distance of travel on that part of the river . The cut creates a rare stretch on the Thames having alternative main navigation channels and is the longest such alternative . Navigation transit markers stand alongside it as a traditional method for powered boats to check their speed . The cut and the adjacent island were named after Lord Desborough who was chairman of the Thames Conservancy at the time and who opened it .'}]}, {'value': 'Walton-on-Thames 51°23′02″N 0°26′09″W / 51.3839°N 0.4359°W / 51.3839 ; -0.4359 ( Desborough Cut )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walton-on-Thames', 'summary': 'Walton-on-Thames is a market town on the right bank of the Thames in the Elmbridge borough of Surrey , England . The town itself consists mostly of affluent suburban streets , with a historic town centre of Celtic origin . It is one of the largest towns in the Elmbridge borough , alongside Weybridge . According to the 2011 Census , the town has a total population of 22,834 . It is around 15 miles from Central London , and is served by a wide range of transport links .'}]}, {'value': 'Weybridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weybridge', 'summary': "Weybridge /ˈweɪbrɪdʒ/ is a town by the River Wey in the Elmbridge district of Surrey . It is bounded to the north by the River Thames at the mouth of the Wey , from which it gets its name . It is an outlying suburban town within the Greater London Urban Area , situated 7 miles ( 11 km ) northeast of Woking and 16 miles ( 25 km ) southwest of central London . Real estate prices are well above the national average : as of 2008 , six of the ten most expensive streets in South East England ( defined as the official government region , which excludes Greater London ) were in Weybridge . Weybridge , based on its parish bounds , forms three wards of the United Kingdom or can be divided into the Thames Street and town centre area , the Queens Road area on top of Monument Hill , most of Brooklands and St George 's Hill ."}]}, {'value': 'Abbey River', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abbey_River', 'summary': "The Abbey River is a right-bank backwater of the River Thames in England , in Chertsey , Surrey - in the town 's northern green and blue buffers . The L-shaped conduit adjoins mixed-use flood plain : water-meadows landscaped for a golf course , a motorway and a fresh water treatment works on the island it creates , Laleham Burway to its east and north in turn . Its offtake from the Thames is at the apex of Penton Hook , Staines upon Thames below its lower weir close to the Chertsey-Thorpe boundary in the Borough of Runnymede . Its outfall is the weir pool of Chertsey Lock back into the Thames , visible from Chertsey Bridge . The Environment Agency plans to build similar channels to the upstream Jubilee River , one of which will intersect the watercourse , another of which will be close to its outfall , thereby compensating for loss of its historic bypass functions ."}]}, {'value': 'Chertsey Lock 51°23′33″N 0°29′16″W / 51.3926°N 0.4878°W / 51.3926 ; -0.4878 ( Abbey River )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chertsey_Lock', 'summary': 'Chertsey Lock is a lock on the River Thames in England , against the left bank , an area of Green Belt including Laleham Park , the largest public park in Spelthorne . It faces the town of Chertsey and is the fifth-lowest of the forty-four locks along the non-tidal course of the river . Owing to a course alteration both banks at the site of the lock have been since medieval times in Surrey . Stone-built Chertsey Bridge built in 1785 is 210 m south ( downstream ) of the lock . The lock was built by the City of London Corporation in 1813 , lengthened in 1893 and again in 1913 . The lock adjoins a small thin island created in its building accessible by boat that connects Chertsey Weir .'}]}, {'value': 'Penton Hook Island', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penton_Hook_Island', 'summary': 'Penton Hook Island is a mainly wooded former peninsula created into a series of three weir-divided islands in the River Thames in England , so created in river modifications since 1815 with a navigable lock and weir stream channel to form meander cutoffs . It has a lock and weirs that are the divide between the Laleham Reach , above Chertsey Lock and Staines Reach , above Penton Hook Lock .'}]}, {'value': 'Jubilee River', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jubilee_River', 'summary': "The Jubilee River is a hydraulic channel in southern England . It is 11.6 km ( 7.2 mi ) long and is on average 45 metres ( 148 feet ) wide . It was constructed in the late 1990s and early 2000s to take overflow from the River Thames and so alleviate flooding to areas in and around the towns of Maidenhead , Windsor , and Eton in the counties of Berkshire and Buckinghamshire . It achieves this by taking water from the left ( at this point eastern ) bank of the Thames upstream of Boulter 's Lock near Maidenhead and returning it via the north bank downstream of Eton , Berkshire . Although successful in its stated aims , residents of villages downstream claim it has increased flooding ."}]}, {'value': 'Black Potts Ait 51°29′26″N 0°35′35″W / 51.4906°N 0.5931°W / 51.4906 ; -0.5931 ( Jubilee River )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_Potts_Ait', 'summary': 'Black Potts Ait is an island in the River Thames in England near Windsor , Berkshire . It is on the reach between Old Windsor Lock and Romney Lock and carries Black Potts Railway Bridge The island is a tree-covered triangle which is now at the mouth of the Jubilee River . It was a favourite area for fishing for Charles II , Henry Wotton and John Hales .'}]}, {'value': "Boulter 's Lock", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boulter's_Lock", 'summary': "Boulter 's Lock is a lock and weir on the River Thames in England north-east of Maidenhead town centre , Berkshire . The present 1912-built lock replaces those at this point of the river to the immediate east dating from the late 16th century and that of 1772 built by the Thames Navigation Commission . The lock is on the western side of the north-south flowing reach between the A4094 Maidenhead to Cookham road and Ray Mill Island . The name is variably used for the immediate surrounding area . The weir is some way upstream of the lock , at the northern end of Ray Mill Island . It is one of the most popular whitewater freestyle kayaking areas on the River Thames , as it has been modified to allow kayakers to use it without causing disruption to other river users ."}]}, {'value': 'Clewer Mill Stream', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clewer_Mill_Stream', 'summary': "Clewer Mill Stream is a narrow twisting backwater of the River Thames near Windsor , Berkshire , England , which leaves the main river at Bush Ait and rejoins just above Queen Elizabeth Bridge . It is about 1.5 miles long . Clewer Mill Stream is named after the watermill that it once drove . Clewer Mill Stream has provided food , power , fresh water , safe harbour and navigable access to the Thames for the small settlement of Clewer since the 10th century . In 1198 the Knights Templars of Bisham granted a fishery at Clewer to Richard de Sifrewast . The corn mill at Clewer was first mentioned in the Domesday Book with a value of 10 shillings and there has been a building on the site ever since . In 1781 the mill burnt down and its machinery , which had been visited by George III as it was so singular and curious , was destroyed . The mill was rebuilt after the fire , and although the water level was affected by the building of the weirs at Romney and Boveney Locks , Clewer Mill was operational until the late 19th century . In the 1920s Clewer Mill House was the home of a Mrs Moscockle who used to dress like Queen Mary and wave regally to pedestrians from her Rolls-Royce as she was driven around Windsor . Clewer Mill Stream was once a popular haunt of schoolboys from nearby Eton College although it was , along with the Thames itself , officially out-of-bounds and a punishment of 100 lines could be given by a sixth former to any lower boy ( roughly the first two years ) caught shooting [ water birds ] in the Clewer Stream . An account from the 1840s of life at Eton describes the thrill of sculling up the backwater to the mill and waiting until the miller was at dinner to carry one 's skiff around the mill wheel and launch it into the mill-stream where it was really dangerous , above the wheel . The 165-acre ( 0.67 km2 ) tract of land between Clewer Mill Stream and the main channel of the Thames is a meadow called The Rays which has been used for horse racing meetings since 1866 ."}]}, {'value': 'Queen Elizabeth Bridge 51°29′12″N 0°37′26″W / 51.4867°N 0.6239°W / 51.4867 ; -0.6239 ( Clewer Mill Stream )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Bridge', 'summary': "The Queen Elizabeth Bridge is a road bridge just to the west of the town of Windsor , Berkshire , England . The Elizabeth bridge carries the A332 Windsor By-pass across the River Thames , on the reach between Romney Lock and Boveney Lock . The bridge was completed in 1966 , and has formed the principal road route between the adjacent towns of Windsor and Eton since 1970 , when structural cracks in the central Windsor Bridge forced that bridge 's closure to all but pedestrian traffic ,"}]}, {'value': 'Bush Ait', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bush_Ait', 'summary': 'Bush Ait is an island of Clewer , Berkshire in the Thames on the reach above Boveney Lock at the mouth of the Clewer Mill Stream which leads to Windsor Racecourse Marina . The island is unpopulated and wooded .'}]}, {'value': 'Hennerton Backwater', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hennerton_Backwater', 'summary': 'Hennerton Backwater is a narrow backwater of the River Thames on the reach above Marsh Lock near the villages of Shiplake , Oxfordshire and Wargrave , Berkshire . Hennerton Backwater leaves the River Thames at the Unnamed Eyot , passing through Willow Marina , and rejoins just below Ferry Eyot . It is navigable by small boats from the downstream end for much of its length , but the bridge carrying Willow Lane over its upstream end has very limited clearance restricting passage to canoes and small dinghies even under favourable conditions . The island formed by the backwater and the Thames comprises Wargrave Marsh ( now mostly drained ) and Lashbrook Eyot ( no longer distinct ) , and contains housing , farmland , and the premises of Henley Sailing Club .'}]}, {'value': 'Ferry Eyot 51°31′21″N 0°52′40″W / 51.5224°N 0.8777°W / 51.5224 ; -0.8777 ( Hennerton Backwater )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ferry_Eyot', 'summary': "Ferry Eyot or Ferry Ait is an island in the River Thames in England near the villages of Shiplake , Oxfordshire and Wargrave , Berkshire . It is on the reach above Marsh Lock . The island is named after Bolney Ferry which operated across the river at this point carrying barge horses across to the towpath on the opposite side . This was recorded as being a rope ferry in 1775 , and the name for this spot then was Beggar 's Hole ( or Hall ) - deriving from one of the seven halls of Harpsden House which was demolished at the end of the eighteenth century ."}]}, {'value': 'Unnamed Eyot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Unnamed_Eyot', 'summary': "The Unnamed Eyot is an island in the River Thames in Berkshire , England , north of the village of Wargrave , Berkshire , its parish in civil terms and ecclesiastical parish in the Church of England . It is on the reach above Marsh Lock . The 2.378-acre ( 0.962 ha ) low-lying narrow island , wooded and about 200m long , has a tennis court and internally a large fish pond which reduces its area but was excavated between 1907 and 2000 to help build up its level , being next to a broad area equipped with designated flood-meadows known as Wargrave Marsh . Immediately above it is where the river is joined by the Loddon draining an area larger than central Berkshire . Immediately below and on the banks on this reach the keeping of extensive centuries-established flood meadows , once used more widely for pasture than today - more are used as gardens today in Berkshire than as farmland - means the extra flows are evened out so as not to cause flash flooding to Henley and all towns below . It is separated by a thin navigable channel used for mooring against the east ( Wargrave ) bank , and accessible by a footbridge , being part of the grounds of a private house . The ait is the largest example which is part of one owner 's garden below Oxford . The Ordnance Survey shows no name for the island ."}]}, {'value': 'Swift Ditch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swift_Ditch', 'summary': 'The Swift Ditch is a backwater of the River Thames in England , which was formerly the primary navigation channel . With the main river , it creates the large island of Andersey Island near Abingdon , Oxfordshire . As early as 955 to 963 AD , the monks of Abingdon Priory built a canal to the Abbey from the direction of Swift Ditch . There is also evidence that the current course of the river to the confluence had been built by 1060 . However the Swift Ditch remained the faster route ( hence the name ) , and a pound lock was built at its head by the Oxford-Burcot Commission in 1624 . In 1788 several citizens of Abingdon wanted to divert navigation back to the current course and as a result Abingdon Lock was built near the town . Within ten years , the Wilts & Berks Canal connected to the current navigation channel at Abingdon .'}]}, {'value': 'Culham Bridge 51°39′29″N 1°16′40″W / 51.6580°N 1.2777°W / 51.6580 ; -1.2777 ( Swift Ditch )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Culham_Bridge', 'summary': 'Culham Bridge is a mediaeval bridge crossing a present backwater of the River Thames in England at Culham , Oxfordshire , near the town of Abingdon . The bridge crosses Swift Ditch which was at one time the main navigation channel of the River Thames until Abingdon Lock was built in 1790 . The bridge formerly carried the A415 road from Abingdon to Dorchester , Oxfordshire , but was superseded in 1928 by a modern road bridge . It is a Grade II* listed building .'}]}, {'value': 'Abingdon Lock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abingdon_Lock', 'summary': "Abingdon Lock is a lock on the River Thames in England , less than 1 mile east and upstream of Abingdon , Oxfordshire , on the opposite bank of the river . It was originally built in 1790 by the Thames Navigation Commission . The weir runs across from the Abingdon side to the lock island , and has a pedestrian walkway across it . According to a tablet above the front door , the current lock-keeper 's house dates from 1928 . Ice creams and refreshments have been sold from the door of the house for at least 30 years ."}]}, {'value': 'Seacourt Stream and Hinksey Stream', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seacourt_Stream', 'summary': 'Hinksey Stream is a branch of the River Thames to the west of the city of Oxford , England . It starts as Seacourt Stream ( also known as Wytham Stream ) , which leaves the Thames at a bifurcation north of the village of Wytham , and rejoins the river south of the city near Kennington .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hinksey_Stream', 'summary': 'Hinksey Stream is a branch of the River Thames to the west of the city of Oxford , England . It starts as Seacourt Stream ( also known as Wytham Stream ) , which leaves the Thames at a bifurcation north of the village of Wytham , and rejoins the river south of the city near Kennington .'}]}, {'value': 'Kennington Railway Bridge 51°43′17″N 1°14′34″W / 51.7215°N 1.2428°W / 51.7215 ; -1.2428 ( Hinksey Stream )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kennington_Railway_Bridge', 'summary': 'Kennington Railway Bridge is a railway bridge over the River Thames near Kennington , Oxfordshire between Sandford Lock and Iffley Lock . It carries the freight railway branch line that serves the BMW Mini factory at Cowley . The freight railway is part of the former Wycombe Railway that linked Maidenhead and Oxford via High Wycombe and Princes Risborough . The current bridge was built for the Great Western Railway in 1923 . It is a steel bowstring bridge of three equal spans , each 83 feet ( 25 m ) long . The railway on the bridge is on a curve with a radius of 12 chains ( 240 m ) . The bridge crosses the river askew .'}]}, {'value': 'Wytham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wytham', 'summary': 'Wytham /ˈwaɪtəm/ is a village and civil parish on the Seacourt Stream , a branch of the River Thames , about 3 miles ( 5 km ) northwest of the centre of Oxford . It is just west of the Western By-Pass Road , part of the Oxford Ring Road ( A34 ) . The nearest village is Godstow . Wytham was the northernmost part of Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred it to Oxfordshire . The toponym is first recorded as Wihtham around AD 957 , and comes from the Old English for a homestead or village in a river-bend . The manor of Wytham , along with Wytham Abbey ( not a religious foundation but the manor house ) and much of the village , was formerly owned by the Earls of Abingdon . The Church of England parish church of All Saints was originally a medieval building but it was extensively rebuilt between 1811 and 1812 by Montagu Bertie , 5th Earl of Abingdon . The ruins of the former Godstow Nunnery lie just east of the village .'}]}, {'value': 'Castle Mill Stream', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castle_Mill_Stream', 'summary': 'Castle Mill Stream is a backwater of the River Thames in the west of Oxford , England . It is 5.5 km long .'}]}, {'value': 'Gasworks Bridge , Oxford 51°44′47″N 1°15′49″W / 51.7463°N 1.2636°W / 51.7463 ; -1.2636 ( Castle Mill Stream )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gasworks_Bridge', 'summary': 'The Gasworks Bridge , also known as the Old Gasworks Bridge , is an iron bridge across the River Thames at Oxford in England . It is a pedestrian bridge linking St Ebbes to the Grandpont nature reserve . It crosses the river on the reach between Iffley Lock and Osney Lock . The bridge was constructed by the Oxford & District Gas Company in 1886 for a short railway branch line to carry coal to the gas works from the main Cherwell Valley Line at a junction just south of Osney Rail Bridge . The bridge was built by assembling sections on the south bank of the river and floating them into position . The gas works was demolished in 1960 ; no evidence of the railway line is visible on the footbridge . Since the demolition of the gas works , other names have been used for the bridge . For a few years after the closure of the railway it appears to have been crossed by a private road , and the Environment Agency refers to the bridge simply as Road Bridge , although no road now crosses it . The bridge is now usually referred to by its old name . It has occasionally been referred to as Osney Footbridge , although the bridge is some distance from Osney , and that name is also used for a different bridge .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Oxford', 'summary': "Oxford ( /ˈɒksfəd/ OKS-fəd ) is a university city in Oxfordshire , England , with a population of 155,000 . It is 56 miles ( 90 km ) northwest of London , 64 miles ( 103 km ) from Birmingham and 24 miles ( 39 km ) from Reading by road . The city is home to the University of Oxford , the oldest in the English-speaking world , and has buildings in every style of English architecture from late Anglo-Saxon . Oxford 's industries include motor manufacturing , education , publishing , information technology and science ."}]}, {'value': 'Port Meadow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Meadow', 'summary': 'Port Meadow is a large meadow of open common land beside the River Thames to the north and west of Oxford , England .'}]}, {'value': 'Bulstake Stream', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bulstake_Stream', 'summary': "Bulstake Stream , also spelt Bullstake Stream , is a backwater of the River Thames at Oxford , England . The stream leaves the main stream of the Thames at a river junction known as Four Rivers , at the south west corner of Fiddler 's Island opposite Sheepwash Channel . It immediately flows past Tumbling Bay , the site of a bathing place in use from 1853 to 1990 . Osney Ditch flows out of Bulstake Stream southeast towards Osney . Bulstake Stream follows a semi-circular course , west and then south , passing under bridges on Binsey Lane and Botley Road ( Bulstake Bridge ) to a confluence with Seacourt Stream near North Hinksey . It then flows east past Osney Mead Industrial Estate , and rejoins the Thames at the Osney Rail Bridge . The Thames Path crosses the stream on a bridge known as Boney 's Bridge . Botley Stream flows into Bulstake Stream from Seacourt Stream just north of Botley Road . The stream between Seacourt Stream and the Thames is also known as Potts Stream or Pot Stream . Until 1790 , the stream was the main navigation channel of the Thames . It became a backwater when Osney Lock was opened ."}]}, {'value': 'Osney Rail Bridge 51°44′49″N 1°16′03″W / 51.7469°N 1.2674°W / 51.7469 ; -1.2674 ( Bulstake Stream )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Osney_Rail_Bridge', 'summary': 'Osney Rail Bridge is a railway bridge over the River Thames at Oxford in England . It carries the Cherwell Valley Line between Didcot and Oxford across the river on the reach between Iffley Lock and Osney Lock . The original bridge was built in 1850 , when the Great Western Railway built a new line from its original Oxford station at Grandpont to Rugby . The north side of the bridge was on the island which was then called Osney . A second bridge was built in 1887 within a foot or so of the first bridge . The bridge is maintained by Network Rail , who refer to the bridge as River Isis Crossing .'}]}, {'value': 'Four Rivers , Oxford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oxford', 'summary': "Oxford ( /ˈɒksfəd/ OKS-fəd ) is a university city in Oxfordshire , England , with a population of 155,000 . It is 56 miles ( 90 km ) northwest of London , 64 miles ( 103 km ) from Birmingham and 24 miles ( 39 km ) from Reading by road . The city is home to the University of Oxford , the oldest in the English-speaking world , and has buildings in every style of English architecture from late Anglo-Saxon . Oxford 's industries include motor manufacturing , education , publishing , information technology and science ."}]}, {'value': 'Sheepwash Channel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sheepwash_Channel', 'summary': "Sheepwash Channel connects the River Thames to the west and the Castle Mill Stream next to the Oxford Canal to the east ( linked through Isis Lock ) , in west Oxford , England . To the north are Cripley Meadow ( largely allotments ) and Fiddler 's Island . To the south are Osney Island and the Botley Road . The Cherwell Valley Line and Cotswold Line cross the channel just north of Oxford railway station on Sheepwash Channel Railway Bridge . Just to the east , there is Rewley Road Swing Bridge , a swing bridge for the former Buckinghamshire Railway line of London and North Western Railway , that used to serve the Oxford Rewley Road railway station , which was on the site of the Saïd Business School . Rewley Road Bridge also crosses Sheepwash Channel . The Isis Lock just to the north of the eastern end of Sheepwash Channel connects the Castle Mill Stream and the Oxford Canal , allowing access between the Oxford Canal and the River Thames via the channel for boats . At the western end is a footbridge over Sheepwash Channel , forming part of the Thames Path ."}]}, {'value': 'Four Rivers , Oxford 51°45′20″N 1°16′19″W / 51.7555°N 1.2719°W / 51.7555 ; -1.2719 ( Sheepwash Channel )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oxford', 'summary': "Oxford ( /ˈɒksfəd/ OKS-fəd ) is a university city in Oxfordshire , England , with a population of 155,000 . It is 56 miles ( 90 km ) northwest of London , 64 miles ( 103 km ) from Birmingham and 24 miles ( 39 km ) from Reading by road . The city is home to the University of Oxford , the oldest in the English-speaking world , and has buildings in every style of English architecture from late Anglo-Saxon . Oxford 's industries include motor manufacturing , education , publishing , information technology and science ."}]}, {'value': 'Castle Mill Stream at Isis Lock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castle_Mill_Stream', 'summary': 'Castle Mill Stream is a backwater of the River Thames in the west of Oxford , England . It is 5.5 km long .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isis_Lock', 'summary': 'Isis Lock ( known to boatmen as Louse Lock ) is a lock connecting the Oxford Canal and the Castle Mill Stream , a backwater of the River Thames in Oxford , England .'}]}, {'value': 'Kingsbridge Brook', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Godstow Lock 51°46′44″N 1°17′50″W / 51.7788°N 1.2972°W / 51.7788 ; -1.2972 ( Kingsbridge Brook )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Godstow_Lock', 'summary': "Godstow Lock is a lock on the River Thames in Oxfordshire , England . It is between the villages of Wolvercote and Wytham on the outskirts of Oxford . The first lock was built of stone by Daniel Harris for the Thames Navigation Commission in 1790 . It is the lock furthest upstream on the river which has mechanical ( electro-hydraulic ) operation - every lock upstream of Godstow utilises manual beam operation instead . The main weir is a short way upstream but there is another weir at Godstow Bridge just above the Trout Inn . These feed into a backwater ( Wolvercote Mill Stream ) which has come from above King 's Lock by Wolvercote ."}]}, {'value': 'Wolvercote Mill Stream', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Backwaters and cuts', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Tributaries_of_the_River_Thames_1', 'intro': 'This article lists the tributaries of the River Thames from the sea to the source, in England. It includes significant backwaters and waterways that have confluences with the main stream of the river. Most of the tributaries are natural, but a few were man-made. In addition to those listed, the River Medway shares the Thames Estuary, and near Oxford the River Thames is also named The Isis.'}	null	null	What is the Effluence of the tributary whose Confluence was completed in 1966 ?	Bush Ait
09fcbb69fd228c3f	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_horror_films_of_1974', 'title': 'List of horror films of 1974', 'header': ['Title', 'Director ( s )', 'Cast', 'Country'], 'data': [{'value': 'Abby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abby_(film)', 'summary': "Abby is a 1974 American blaxploitation horror film about a woman who is possessed by an African sex spirit . The film stars Carol Speed as the title character , William H. Marshall and Terry Carter . It was directed by William Girdler , who co-wrote the film 's story with screenwriter Gordon Cornell Layne . The film was a financial success , grossing $ 4 million in a month , but was pulled from theaters after the film 's distributor , American International Pictures , was accused of copyright violation by Warner Bros. , which saw the film as being derivative of The Exorcist and filed a lawsuit against AIP . Girdler himself told the Louisville Courier Journal : Sure , we made Abby to come in on the shirttail of The Exorcist . The film is also inspired by 1968 's Rosemary 's Baby ."}]}, {'value': 'William Girdler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Girdler', 'summary': 'William Girdler ( October 22 , 1947 - January 21 , 1978 ) was an American filmmaker . In a span of six years , from 1972 to 1978 , he directed nine feature films in such genres as horror and action . Girdler also wrote and produced three of his features , Abby , Sheba , Baby and The Manitou .'}]}, {'value': 'William Marshall , Carol Speed , Terry Carter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Marshall_(film_and_television_actor)', 'summary': "William Horace Marshall ( August 19 , 1924 - June 11 , 2003 ) was an American actor , director and opera singer . He played the title role in the 1972 blaxploitation classic Blacula and its sequel Scream Blacula Scream ( 1973 ) , and appeared as the King of Cartoons on the 1980s television show Pee-wee 's Playhouse and as Dr. Richard Daystrom on the Star Trek television series . He was 65 ( 1.96 m ) tall and was known for his bass voice ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Carol_Speed', 'summary': 'Carolyn Ann Stewart ( born March 14 , 1945 ) , known professionally as Carol Speed is an American actress , singer and author . Speed is best known for her roles in films during the 1970s blaxploitation era , most notably starring as Abby Williams in the American International Pictures 1974 blaxploitation horror film Abby .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Terry_Carter', 'summary': 'Terry Carter ( born December 16 , 1928 ) is an American actor and filmmaker , known for his roles as Sgt . Joe Broadhurst on the seven-year TV series McCloud and as Colonel Tigh on the original Battlestar Galactica .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Antichrist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Antichrist_(film)', 'summary': "The Antichrist ( Italian : L'anticristo ) , aka The Tempter , is a 1974 Italian horror film directed by Alberto De Martino ."}]}, {'value': 'Alberto De Martino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alberto_De_Martino', 'summary': "Alberto De Martino ( 12 June 1929 - 2 June 2015 ) was an Italian film director and screenwriter . Born in Rome , De Martino started as a child actor and later returned to the cinema where worked as a screenwriter , director and dubbing supervisor . De Martino 's films as a director specialised in wellcrafted knock-offs of Hollywood hit films . These films were specifically created films in Western , horror and mythology genres which were developed for the international market . The Telegraph stated that his best known of these film was probably The Antichrist . The Antichrist capitalized on the box-office appeal of The Exorcist ( 1973 ) and in its first week in the United States earned a greater box office than Jaws ."}]}, {'value': 'Mel Ferrer , Arthur Kennedy , Carla Gravina , George Coulouris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mel_Ferrer', 'summary': 'Melchor Gastón Ferrer ( August 25 , 1917 - June 2 , 2008 ) was an American actor and director of stage and screen , film producer and the first husband of Audrey Hepburn .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Kennedy_(actor)', 'summary': "John Arthur Kennedy ( February 17 , 1914 - January 5 , 1990 ) was an American stage and film actor known for his versatility in supporting film roles and his ability to create an exceptional honesty and naturalness on stage , especially in the original casts of Arthur Miller plays on Broadway . He won the 1949 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for Miller 's Death of a Salesman . He also won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor for the 1955 film Trial , and was a five-time Academy Award nominee ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Carla_Gravina', 'summary': 'Carla Gravina ( born 5 August 1941 ) is an Italian actress and politician . She received a Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress for her role in La terrazza ( 1980 ) . Her other notable roles were in Love and Chatter ( 1957 ) , Esterina ( 1959 ) , and The Long Silence ( 1993 ) . Gravina used to be a member of the Chamber of Deputies .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_Coulouris', 'summary': 'George Coulouris ( 1 October 1903 - 25 April 1989 ) was an English film and stage actor .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bad Ronald', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bad_Ronald', 'summary': 'Bad Ronald is a 1974 American made-for-television thriller film starring Scott Jacoby , Kim Hunter , Dabney Coleman and sisters Lisa and Cindy Eilbacher . It is based on the novel of the same title by Jack Vance . After being out of print for years following its initial VHS release in the 1980s , the film was reissued on DVD in August 2009 , as part of the manufacture-on-demand Warner Archive Collection . The title was also released on blu-ray on October 9th , 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Buzz Kulik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buzz_Kulik', 'summary': 'Seymour Buzz Kulik ( July 23 , 1922 - January 13 , 1999 ) was an American film director and producer . He directed 72 films and television shows , including the landmark CBS television network anthology series Playhouse 90 and several episodes of The Twilight Zone .'}]}, {'value': 'Scott Jacoby , Kim Hunter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scott_Jacoby_(actor)', 'summary': 'Scott Bennett Scotty Jacoby ( born November 26 , 1956 in Skokie , Illinois ) is an American actor . He appeared in the 1972 television film That Certain Summer , for which he won an Emmy Award for his role . He is also known for playing the lead role in the made for TV film Bad Ronald ( 1974 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kim_Hunter', 'summary': 'Kim Hunter ( born Janet Cole ; November 12 , 1922 - September 11 , 2002 ) was an American film , theatre , and television actress . She won both an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award , each as Best Supporting Actress , for her performance as Stella Kowalski in the 1951 film A Streetcar Named Desire . Decades later , she was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for her work on the long-running soap opera The Edge of Night . She also portrayed the character of chimpanzee Zira in the first three installments of the original film adaptation Planet of the Apes .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Bat People', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Bat_People', 'summary': 'The Bat People is a 1974 American horror film directed by Jerry Jameson and distributed by American International Pictures . Starring Stewart Moss and Marianne McAndrew , the film tells the story of a doctor who , after being bitten by a bat in a cave , undergoes an accelerating transformation into a man-bat creature . The Bat People is also known by two alternative titles : It Lives By Night and Its Alive . The film was lampooned in a 1999 episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000 . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Jerry Jameson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerry_Jameson', 'summary': 'Jerry Jameson ( born November 26 , 1934 ) , is an American television and film director , editor and producer .'}]}, {'value': 'Robert Berk , Paul Carr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Carr_(actor)', 'summary': 'Paul Wallace Carr ( January 31 , 1934 - February 17 , 2006 ) was an American actor , director , writer , and producer who performed on stage , film , and television for half a century .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Beast Must Die', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Beast_Must_Die_(1974_film)', 'summary': "The Beast Must Die is a British horror film directed by Paul Annett . The screenplay was written by Michael Winder , based on the short story There Shall Be No Darkness by James Blish which was originally published in Thrilling Wonder Stories . The film starred Calvin Lockhart , Peter Cushing , Marlene Clark , Michael Gambon , Charles Gray , Anton Diffring , Ciaran Madden , and Tom Chadbon . The story is , in essence , a conflation of Agatha Christies And Then There Were None ( a.k.a . Ten Little Indians ) and Richard Connells The Most Dangerous Game , with elements of the werewolf mythos stirred in for good measure . It revolves around the search for a werewolf on a far-off island by a group of serious minded people out to find it . The viewer is invited to unfold the mystery along with the characters . Near the ending , there is an inserted 30-second break called the werewolf break , where the audience is asked to guess the werewolf 's identity , based on clues from the movie . In the interview with director Annett on the DVD release , Annett says he hated the addition of the werewolf break . It was not in Annett 's version of the film ; he attributes the idea to producer Milton Subotsky . He does admit that some , including critic Leonard Maltin , liked it . An alternate version of the film was released under the title Black Werewolf ."}]}, {'value': 'Paul Annett', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peter Cushing , Michael Gambon , Tom Chadbon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Cushing', 'summary': "Peter Wilton Cushing , OBE ( 26 May 1913 - 11 August 1994 ) was an English actor best known for his roles in the Hammer Productions horror films of the 1950s , 1960s , and 1970s , as well as his performance as Grand Moff Tarkin in Star Wars ( 1977 ) . His acting career spanned over six decades and included appearances in more than 100 films , as well as many television , stage and radio roles . Born in Kenley , Surrey , Cushing made his stage debut in 1935 and spent three years at a repertory theatre before moving to Hollywood to pursue a film career . After making his motion picture debut in the film The Man in the Iron Mask ( 1939 ) , Cushing began to find modest success in American films before returning to England at the outbreak of the Second World War . Despite performing in a string of roles , including one as Osric in Laurence Olivier 's film adaptation of Hamlet ( 1948 ) , Cushing struggled greatly to find work during this period and began to consider himself a failure . His career was revitalised once he started to work in live television plays , and he soon became one of the most recognisable faces in British television . He earned particular acclaim for his lead performance in a BBC Television adaptation of George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four ( 1954 ) . Cushing gained worldwide fame for his appearances in 22 horror films from the Hammer studio , particularly for his role as Baron Frankenstein in six of their seven Frankenstein films , and Doctor Van Helsing in five Dracula films . Cushing often appeared alongside actor Christopher Lee , who became one of his closest friends , and occasionally with the American horror star Vincent Price . Cushing appeared in several other Hammer films , including The Abominable Snowman ( 1957 ) , The Mummy and The Hound of the Baskervilles ( both 1957 ) , the last of which marked the first of the several occasions he portrayed the famous detective Sherlock Holmes . Cushing continued to perform a in a variety of roles , although he was often typecast as a horror film actor . He played Dr. Who in Dr. Who and the Daleks ( 1965 ) and Daleks ' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D. ( 1966 ) and gained the highest amount of visibility in his career when he appeared as Grand Moff Tarkin in the original Star Wars ( 1977 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Michael_Gambon', 'summary': "Sir Michael John Gambon CBE ( born 19 October 1940 ) is a British-Irish actor who has worked in theatre , television , and film . He is also known as The Great Gambon as dubbed by actor Ralph Richardson . He was trained under Laurence Olivier and started his long work on stage in the National Theatre . He received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Play for his work in David Hares Skylight on Broadway . Gambon retired from stage acting in 2015 due to memory loss . Gambon is most famous for portraying Professor Albus Dumbledore in the Harry Potter film series , starting in the 3rd film after the death of original actor Richard Harris . His other films include , The Cook , the Thief , His Wife & Her Lover ( 1989 ) , The Wings of the Dove ( 1997 ) , Gosford Park ( 2001 ) , Amazing Grace ( 2006 ) , The King 's Speech ( 2010 ) , and Quartet ( 2012 ) . Gambon has appeared in various television projects including , The Singing Detective ( 1986 ) , Wives and Daughters ( 1999 ) , Path to War ( 2002 ) , Cranford ( 2007 ) , Emma ( 2009 ) , The Casual Vacancy ( 2015 ) , Churchill 's Secret ( 2016 ) , The Hollow Crown ( 2016 ) , and Little Women ( 2017 ) . He was Knighted in 1998 for services to drama , and has won four BAFTA TV Awards , three Olivier Awards and was awarded the Irish Film & Television Academy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2017 for his contribution to Irish film ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tom_Chadbon', 'summary': "Tom Chadbon ( born 27 February 1946 , in Luton ) is an English actor who has spent much of his career appearing on British television . Although principally a character actor , he has occasionally had leading or recurring roles . Chadbon starred in all 10 episodes of Crown Prosecutor ( 1995 ) , playing Lenny Monk , and he had substantial recurring roles in Chancer , The Liver Birds , Where the Heart Is , Wire in the Blood , and the 23rd series of Casualty ( as Professor Henry Williams ) . Chadbon is also recognisable from his featured appearances on many British television shows , including : Out of the Unknown , The Stone Tape , Softly , Softly , Blake 's 7 , Tales of the Unexpected , Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady , The New Statesman , Between the Lines , Peak Practice , Casualty , Hetty Wainthropp Investigates , Silent Witness , The Bill , Holby City , Heartbeat , Foyle 's War , Midsomer Murders , Rebecca , Taggart , and Father Brown . He played Duggan in the Doctor Who serial City of Death ( 1979 ) and returned to Doctor Who as Merdeen in the 1986 serial The Trial of a Time Lord . Chadbon has also been an occasional guest star in Big Finish audio productions . Most notably , he played the recurring character of Will in the second series of the Sarah Jane Smith audio adventures . He also had a featured guest role in No More Lies , during Paul McGann 's 2007 broadcast season on BBC Radio 7 . He also reprised the role of Del Grant for the Blake 's 7 audio series for Big Finish . Chadbon 's film work includes The Alf Garnett Saga ( 1972 ) , The Beast Must Die ( 1974 ) , Juggernaut ( 1974 ) , Tess ( 1979 ) , Coming Out of the Ice ( 1982 ) , Dance with a Stranger ( 1985 ) , Shooting Fish ( 1997 ) , and Casino Royale ( 2006 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beyond the Door', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beyond_the_Door_(1974_film)', 'summary': 'Beyond the Door ( Italian : Chi sei ? , lit . Who are you ? ) is a 1974 [ citation needed ] supernatural horror film co-directed by Ovidio G. Assonitis and Robert Barrett , and starring Juliet Mills and Richard Johnson . The plot follows a San Francisco housewife who becomes demonically possessed in the midst of a pregnancy . The film was a co-production between the United States and Italy . It was released in the United Kingdom in an extended cut under the title Devil Within Her .'}]}, {'value': 'Ovidio G. Assonitis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ovidio_G._Assonitis', 'summary': 'Ovidio Gabriel Assonitis ( born January 18 , 1943 ) is an Egyptian-born Greco-Italian entertainment executive , film producer , screenwriter , and director best known for his numerous B-horror films including Beyond the Door , Tentacles , The Visitor , and Piranha II : The Spawning .'}]}, {'value': 'Juliet Mills , Gabriele Lavia , Richard Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juliet_Mills', 'summary': "Juliet Maryon Mills ( born 21 November 1941 ) is a British-American actress of film , stage , and television . She is the daughter of actor Sir John Mills and Mary Hayley Bell and the eldest of three siblings ; her younger siblings are actress Hayley Mills and director Jonathan Mills . Mills began her career as a child actress and was nominated for a Tony Award for her stage performance in Five Finger Exercise in 1960 . She progressed to film work and then to television , playing the lead role on the sitcom Nanny and the Professor in the early 1970s . She received Golden Globe Award nominations for her work in this series and for her role in the film Avanti ! in 1972 . She won an Emmy Award for her performance in the television miniseries QB VII ( 1974 ) . In 1983 , Mills joined The Mirror Theater Ltd 's Mirror Repertory Company , performing in repertory productions such as Rain , Paradise Lost , Inheritors and The Hasty Heart throughout their seasons . From 1999 until 2008 , she had a role on the daytime drama series Passions , for which she was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gabriele_Lavia', 'summary': 'N/A'}, {'url': '/wiki/Richard_Johnson_(actor)', 'summary': 'Richard Keith Johnson ( 30 July 1927 - 5 June 2015 ) was an English actor , writer and producer , who starred in several British films of the 1960s and also had television roles and a distinguished stage career .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Black Christmas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_Christmas_(1974_film)', 'summary': "Black Christmas is a 1974 Canadian slasher film produced and directed by Bob Clark , and written by A. Roy Moore . It stars Olivia Hussey , Keir Dullea , Margot Kidder , Andrea Martin , Marian Waldman , Lynne Griffin and John Saxon . The story follows a group of sorority sisters who receive threatening phone calls and are eventually stalked and murdered by a deranged killer during the Christmas season . It is the first film in the Black Christmas series . Inspired by the urban legend The babysitter and the man upstairs and a series of murders that took place in the Westmount section of Montreal , Quebec , Moore wrote the screenplay under the title Stop Me . The filmmakers made numerous alterations to the script , primarily the shifting to a university setting with young adult characters . It was shot in Toronto in 1974 on an estimated budget of $ 620,000 , and was distributed by Warner Bros. in North America . Black Christmas was released on October 11 , 1974 , in Canada and December 20 in the United States under the title Silent Night , Evil Night . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews , but it has since received critical re-appraisal , with film historians noting it for being one of the earliest slasher films . It is also praised for concluding without revealing the identity of its villain , as well as serving as an influence on John Carpenter 's Halloween ( 1978 ) . Aside from its earning a cult following since its release , a novelization written by Lee Hays was published in 1976 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bob Clark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Clark', 'summary': "Benjamin Bob Clark ( August 5 , 1939 - April 4 , 2007 ) was an American director , screenwriter , producer , and actor . He is best known for his work in the Canadian film industry throughout the 1970s and 1980s , where he was responsible for some of the most successful films in Canadian film history such as Black Christmas ( 1974 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Tribute ( 1980 ) , Porky 's ( 1981 ) , and A Christmas Story ( 1983 ) . He won three Genie Awards ( two Best Direction and one Best Screenplay ) with two additional nominations ."}]}, {'value': 'Olivia Hussey , Margot Kidder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olivia_Hussey', 'summary': "Olivia Hussey ( born Olivia Osuna ; 17 April 1951 ) is an English actress . After appearing in theatre in London , Hussey was chosen to play the role of Juliet in Franco Zeffirelli 's film version of Romeo and Juliet ( 1968 ) . She won a Golden Globe and the David di Donatello Award for her performance , and gained international recognition . In 1974 , she appeared as the lead character , Jess Bradford , in the cult slasher film Black Christmas . She reunited with Zeffirelli in the miniseries Jesus of Nazareth ( 1977 ) , as Mary , mother of Jesus , and appeared in John Guillermin 's Agatha Christie adaptation Death on the Nile ( 1978 ) . She appeared in several international productions throughout the 1980s , including the Japanese production Virus ( 1980 ) , and the Australian horror film Turkey Shoot ( 1982 ) . She appeared in two made-for-television horror productions : Psycho IV : The Beginning and Stephen King 's It , both first screened in 1990 . In addition to screen acting , Hussey has worked as a voice actress , providing voice roles in multiple Star Wars video games , including Star Wars : Rogue Squadron , Star Wars : Force Commander , and Star Wars : The Old Republic ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Margot_Kidder', 'summary': "Margaret Ruth Kidder ( October 17 , 1948 - May 13 , 2018 ) , known professionally as Margot Kidder , was a Canadian-American actress , director , and activist whose career spanned over five decades . Her accolades include three Canadian Screen Awards and one Daytime Emmy Award . Though she appeared in an array of films and television , Kidder is most widely known for her performance as Lois Lane in the Superman film series , appearing in the first four films . Born in Yellowknife to a Canadian mother and an American father , Kidder was raised in the Northwest Territories as well as several other Canadian provinces . She began her acting career in the 1960s appearing in low-budget Canadian films and television series , before landing a lead role in Quackser Fortune Has a Cousin in the Bronx ( 1970 ) . She then played twins in Brian De Palma 's cult thriller Sisters ( 1973 ) , a sorority student in the slasher film Black Christmas ( 1974 ) and the titular character 's girlfriend in the drama The Great Waldo Pepper ( 1975 ) , opposite Robert Redford . In 1977 , she was cast as Lois Lane in Richard Donner 's Superman ( 1978 ) , a role which established her as a mainstream actress . Her performance as Kathy Lutz in the blockbuster horror film The Amityville Horror ( 1979 ) gained her further mainstream exposure , after which she went on to reprise her role as Lois Lane in Superman II , III , and IV ( 1980-1987 ) . The 1990s were marked by significant health problems for Kidder : In 1990 , she sustained serious injuries in a car accident that left her temporarily paralyzed , and she later had a highly publicized manic episode and nervous breakdown in 1996 stemming from bipolar disorder . By the 2000s , she maintained steady work in independent films and television , with guest-starring roles on Smallville , Brothers & Sisters and The L Word , and appeared in a 2002 Off-Broadway production of The Vagina Monologues . In 2015 , she won a Daytime Emmy Award for her performance on the children 's television series R.L . Stine 's The Haunting Hour ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blood for Dracula', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blood_for_Dracula', 'summary': "Blood for Dracula is a 1974 horror film written and directed by Paul Morrissey and starring Udo Kier , Joe Dallesandro , Maxime McKendry , Stefania Casini , Arno Juerging , and Vittorio de Sica . Upon initial 1974 release in West Germany and the United States Blood for Dracula was released as Andy Warhol 's Dracula . The film involves Count Dracula arriving in Italy to feast upon the blood of virgins , only to find difficulty with this due to the lack of virgins present in Italy . Filming began shortly after the completion of Flesh for Frankenstein . Italian director Antonio Margheriti is credited in Italian prints of the film despite not directing it . This misattribution led both producer Carlo Ponti and Margheriti to be put on trial for continued and aggravated fraud against the state by attempting to gain benefits by law for Italian films . According to the American Film Institute , the film opened to mixed reviews ."}]}, {'value': 'Paul Morrissey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Morrissey', 'summary': 'Paul Morrissey ( born February 23 , 1938 ) is an American film director , best known for his association with Andy Warhol . He was also director of the first film in which a transgender actress , Holly Woodlawn , starred as a cisgender woman and girlfriend of the main character played by Joe Dallesandro in Trash ( 1970 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Joe Dallesandro , Udo Kier , Vittorio De Sica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Dallesandro', 'summary': "Joseph Angelo D'Allesandro III ( born December 31 , 1948 ) is an American actor and Warhol superstar . Having also crossed over into mainstream roles like mobster Lucky Luciano in The Cotton Club , Dallesandro is generally considered to be the most famous male sex symbol of American underground films of the 20th century , as well as a sex symbol of gay subculture . Dallesandro starred in the 1968 film produced by Andy Warhol , Flesh , as a teenage street hustler . Rolling Stone in 1970 declared his second starring vehicle , Trash , the Best Film of the Year , making him a star of the youth culture , sexual revolution and subcultural New York City art collective of the 1970s . Dallesandro also starred in 1972 's Heat , another Warhol film that was conceived as a parody of Sunset Boulevard ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Udo_Kier', 'summary': 'Udo Kier ( born Udo Kierspe ; 14 October 1944 ) is a German actor and voice actor . Known primarily as a character actor , Kier has appeared in over 200 films in both leading and supporting roles throughout Europe and North America . He has collaborated with acclaimed filmmakers like Lars von Trier , Gus van Sant , Werner Herzog , Walerian Borowczyk , Kleber Mendonça Filho , Dario Argento , Charles Matton , and Paul Morrissey .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica', 'summary': "Vittorio De Sica ( /də ˈsiːkə/ də SEE-kə , Italian : [ vitˈtɔːrjo de ˈsiːka ] ; 7 July 1901 - 13 November 1974 ) was an Italian director and actor , a leading figure in the neorealist movement . Four of the films he directed won Academy Awards : Sciuscià and Bicycle Thieves ( honorary ) , while Yesterday , Today and Tomorrow and Il giardino dei Finzi Contini won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Indeed , the great critical success of Sciuscià ( the first foreign film to be so recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ) and Bicycle Thieves helped establish the permanent Best Foreign Film Award . These two films are considered part of the canon of classic cinema . Bicycle Thieves was cited by Turner Classic Movies as one of the 15 most influential films in cinema history . De Sica was also nominated for the 1957 Oscar for Best Supporting Actor for playing Major Rinaldi in American director Charles Vidor 's 1957 adaptation of Ernest Hemingway 's A Farewell to Arms , a movie that was panned by critics and proved a box office flop . De Sica 's acting was considered the highlight of the film ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Bloody Exorcism of Coffin Joe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Exorcismo_Negro', 'summary': "The Bloody Exorcism of Coffin Joe ( Portuguese : Exorcismo Negro ) is a 1974 Brazilian horror film directed by José Mojica Marins . Marins is also known by his alter ego Zé do Caixão ( in English , Coffin Joe ) . It is one of several Marins ' films that feature Joe as a major character , although it is not considered part of the Coffin Joe trilogy ( At Midnight I 'll Take Your Soul , This Night I Will Possess Your Corpse , and Embodiment of Evil ) . Filmed in Marins ' trademark b movie style , including the use of inconsistent visual and sound editing , a bizarre audio track , and extremely low budget effects ."}]}, {'value': 'Jose Mojica Marins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jose_Mojica_Marins', 'summary': 'José Mojica Marins ( March 13 , 1936 - February 19 , 2020 ) was a Brazilian filmmaker , actor , composer , screenwriter , and television and media personality . Marins is also known for creating and playing the character Coffin Joe ( loosely translated from Zé do Caixão ) in a series of horror movies ; the character has since gone on to become his alter ego as well as a pop culture icon in Brazil . Although Marins is known primarily as a horror film director , his earlier works were Westerns , dramas and adventure films .'}]}, {'value': 'Jose Mojica Marins', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brazil', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blue Eyes of the Broken Doll', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blue_Eyes_of_the_Broken_Doll', 'summary': 'Los Ojos Azules de la Muñeca Rota ( Blue Eyes Of The Broken Doll ) is a Spanish horror-giallo film from 1974 directed by Carlos Aured and starring Paul Naschy ( who also co-wrote ) , Diana Lorys , Maria Perschy , and Eva Leon . The film was released on VHS as House Of Psychotic Women , and was shown on television as House of Doom ( edited ) . While not prosecuted for obscenity , the film was seized and confiscated in the UK under Section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act 1959 during the video nasty panic'}]}, {'value': 'Carlos Aured', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Naschy , Diana Lorys , Maria Perschy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Naschy', 'summary': "Paul Naschy ( born Jacinto Molina Álvarez , September 6 , 1934 - November 30 , 2009 ) was a Spanish movie actor , screenwriter , and director working primarily in horror films . His portrayals of numerous classic horror figures - the The Wolfman , Frankenstein 's monster , Count Dracula , The Hunchback of Notre Dame , Fu Manchu and a mummy - earned him recognition as the Spanish Lon Chaney . He had one of the most recognizable faces in Spanish horror film . Naschy also starred in dozens of action films , historical dramas , crime movies , TV shows and documentaries . He also wrote the screenplays for most of his films and directed a number of them as well . King Juan Carlos I presented Naschy with Spain 's Gold Medal Award for Fine Arts in 2001 in honor of his work , the Spanish equivalent of being knighted ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Diana_Lorys', 'summary': 'Diana Lorys ( born Ana María Cazorla Vega ; 20 October 1940 ) is a Spanish actress . She appeared in more than fifty films since 1960 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Maria_Perschy', 'summary': 'Maria Perschy ( 23 September 1938 - 3 December 2004 ) was an Austrian actress whose career included performances on screen with actor Rock Hudson and on American television in both daytime and prime time .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Captain Kronos - Vampire Hunter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Captain_Kronos_–_Vampire_Hunter', 'summary': "Captain Kronos - Vampire Hunter is a 1974 British swashbuckling horror film , written and directed by Brian Clemens , produced by Clemens and Albert Fennell for Hammer Film Productions , and starring Horst Janson , John Carson , Shane Briant , and Caroline Munro . The music score was composed by Laurie Johnson , supervised by Philip Martell . Belatedly released on 7 April 1974 , the film was intended as the first in a series focused on the title character and his companions . Due to the film 's violence and sexual subtext Captain Kronos was rated R in North America . This was Clemens ' only film as a director ."}]}, {'value': 'Brian Clemens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Clemens', 'summary': 'Brian Horace Clemens OBE ( 30 July 1931 - 10 January 2015 ) was an English screenwriter and television producer , possibly best known for his work on The Avengers and The Professionals . Clemens was related to Mark Twain ( Samuel Langhorne Clemens ) , a fact reflected in the naming of his two sons , Samuel Joshua Twain Clemens and George Langhorne Clemens .'}]}, {'value': 'Horst Janson , Shane Briant , Caroline Munro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Horst_Janson_(actor)', 'summary': 'Horst Janson ( born 4 October 1935 ) is a German actor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Shane_Briant', 'summary': 'Shane Briant ( born 17 August 1946 in London , England ) is an English actor and novelist . Briant studied Law at Trinity College Dublin but became a professional actor playing the lead in Hamlet at the Eblana Theatre , Dublin . Briant is best known for his roles in four Hammer Films Productions : Demons of the Mind , Straight On Till Morning , Captain Kronos - Vampire Hunter and Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell . He currently resides in Sydney , Australia with his wife Wendy ( née Lycett ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Caroline_Munro', 'summary': 'Caroline Munro ( born 16 January 1949 ) is an English actress and model known for her many appearances in horror , science fiction and action films of the 1970s and 1980s .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Cars That Ate Paris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Cars_That_Ate_Paris', 'summary': 'The Cars That Ate Paris is a 1974 Australian horror comedy film , produced by twin brothers Hal and Jim McElroy and directed by Peter Weir . It was his first feature film , and was also based on an original story he had written . Shot mostly in the rural town of Sofala , New South Wales , the film is set in the fictional town of Paris in which most of the inhabitants appear to be directly , or indirectly , involved in profiting from the results of car accidents .'}]}, {'value': 'Peter Weir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Weir', 'summary': "Peter Lindsay Weir , AM ( /wɪər/ WEER ; born 21 August 1944 ) is an Australian film director . He was a leading figure in the Australian New Wave cinema movement ( 1970-1990 ) , with films such as the mystery drama Picnic at Hanging Rock ( 1975 ) , the supernatural thriller The Last Wave ( 1977 ) and the historical drama Gallipoli ( 1981 ) . The climax of Weir 's early career was the $ 6 million multi-national production The Year of Living Dangerously ( 1983 ) . After the success of The Year of Living Dangerously , Weir directed a diverse group of American and international films covering most genres - many of them major box office hits - including Academy Award-nominated films such as the thriller Witness ( 1985 ) , the drama Dead Poets Society ( 1989 ) , the romantic comedy Green Card ( 1990 ) , the social science fiction comedy-drama The Truman Show ( 1998 ) and the financially-disappointing epic historical drama Master and Commander : The Far Side of the World ( 2003 ) . For his work on these five films , Weir personally accrued six Academy Award nominations as either a director , writer or producer . Since 2003 , Weir 's productivity has declined , having directed only one subsequent feature , the critically acclaimed box-office flop The Way Back ( 2010 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'John Meillon , Terry Camilleri , Chris Haywood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Meillon', 'summary': 'John Meillon , OBE ( /ˈmɛljən/ MEL-yon ; 1 May 1934 - 11 August 1989 ) , was an Australian character actor , known for many straight as well as comedy roles , he became most widely known internationally however as Walter Reilly in the films Crocodile Dundee and Crocodile Dundee II . He also voiced advertisements for Victoria Bitter beer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Terry_Camilleri', 'summary': "Terrance Camilleri ( born 1949 ) is a Maltese-born Australian actor who has performed actively in both the United Kingdom and United States . He is best recognized for portraying Emperor Napoleon I in the blockbuster comedy film Bill & Ted 's Excellent Adventure ( 1989 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chris_Haywood', 'summary': 'Chris Haywood ( born 24 July 1948 ) is an English Australian-based film and television actor , writer and producer , with close to 500 screen performances to his name . Haywood has also worked as a casting director , art director , sound recordist , camera operator , gaffer , grip , location and unit manager .'}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chosen Survivors', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chosen_Survivors', 'summary': 'Chosen Survivors is a 1974 Mexican-American science fiction/horror film directed by Sutton Roley and starring Alex Cord and Jackie Cooper .'}]}, {'value': 'Sutton Roley', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jackie Cooper , Alex Cord , Richard Jaeckel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jackie_Cooper', 'summary': 'John Cooper Jr. ( September 15 , 1922 - May 3 , 2011 ) was an American actor , television director , producer , and executive . He was a child actor who made the transition to an adult career . Cooper was the first child actor to receive an Oscar nomination . At age nine , he was also the youngest performer to have been nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role , an honor that he received for the film Skippy ( 1931 ) . For nearly 50 years , Cooper remained the youngest Oscar nominee in any category .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alex_Cord', 'summary': 'Alex Cord ( born May 3 , 1933 ) is a retired American actor who is best known for his portrayal of Michael Coldsmith Briggs III , better known as Archangel , in 55 episodes of the television series Airwolf ( 1984-1986 ) . Early in his career , he was credited as Alex Viespi .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Richard_Jaeckel', 'summary': "Richard Hanley Jaeckel ( October 10 , 1926 - June 14 , 1997 ) was an American actor of film and television . Jaeckel became a well-known character actor in his career , which spanned six decades . He received a Best Supporting Actor Oscar nomination for his role in the 1971 adaptation of Ken Kesey 's Sometimes a Great Notion ."}]}, {'value': 'United States Mexico', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deathdream', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deathdream', 'summary': "Deathdream ( also known as Dead of Night ) is a 1974 horror film directed by Bob Clark and written by Alan Ormsby , and starring Richard Backus , John Marley , and Lynn Carlin . Filmed in Brooksville , Florida , it was inspired by the W. W. Jacobs short story The Monkey 's Paw ."}]}, {'value': 'Bob Clark', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richard Backus , John Marley , Lynn Carlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richard_Backus', 'summary': 'Richard Backus ( born March 28 , 1945 ) is an American actor and television writer . He has been nominated for four Daytime Emmy Awards for writing and one for acting .'}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Marley', 'summary': "John Marley ( born Mortimer Marlieb , October 17 , 1907 - May 22 , 1984 ) was an American actor who was known for his role as Phil Cavalleri in Love Story and as Jack Woltz - the defiant film mogul who awakens to find the severed head of his prized horse in his bed - in The Godfather ( 1972 ) . He starred in John Cassavetes ' feature Faces ( 1968 ) and appeared in The Glitter Dome ( 1984 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lynn_Carlin', 'summary': "Lynn Carlin ( born Mary Lynn Reynolds on January 31 , 1938 ) is an American actress . She was nominated for the Best Supporting Actress Oscar in 1968 for her role in Faces . Carlin made her stage debut in Clare Boothe Luce 's The Women at the Laguna Beach Playhouse ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Demoniacs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Demoniacs_(film)', 'summary': 'Les Démoniaques ( English : The Demoniacs , also known as Curse of the Living Dead ) is a 1974 erotic thriller horror film directed by Jean Rollin , about a group of shipwrecked sailors who rape two young women , who re-emerge and make a pact with the devil to get their revenge .'}]}, {'value': 'Jean Rollin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean_Rollin', 'summary': "Jean Michel Rollin Roth Le Gentil ( 3 November 1938 - 15 December 2010 ) was a French film director , actor , and novelist best known for his work in the fantastique genre . His career , spanning over fifty years , featured early short films and his achievements with his first four vampire classics Le viol du vampire ( 1968 ) , La vampire nue ( 1970 ) , Le frisson des vampires ( 1970 ) , and Requiem pour un vampire ( 1971 ) . Rollin 's subsequent notable works include La rose de fer ( 1973 ) , Lèvres de sang ( 1975 ) , Les raisins de la mort ( 1978 ) , Fascination ( 1979 ) , and La morte vivante ( 1982 ) . His films are noted for their exquisite , if mostly static , cinematography , off-kilter plot progression and poetic dialogue , their playful surrealism and recurrent use of well-constructed female lead characters . Outlandish denouments and abstruse visual symbols were trademarks throughout his 'dark fantasy ' career . Remarkably , in spite of their seeming high production values and precise craftsmanship , his films were made with very little money , and often under crushing deadlines . In the mid-1970s , lack of regular work led the director to direct mostly pornographic films under various pseudonyms , an activity he continued until the early 1980s ."}]}, {'value': 'John Rico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Rico', 'summary': 'This is a partial list of characters in the novel Starship Troopers . Some of the characters may also be found in the film Starship Troopers and Roughnecks : Starship Troopers Chronicles in altered form .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deranged', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deranged_(1974_film)', 'summary': "Deranged ( also known as Deranged : Confessions of a Necrophile ) is a 1974 Canadian-American horror film directed by Alan Ormsby and Jeff Gillen , and starring Roberts Blossom . Its plot , loosely based on the crimes of Ed Gein , follows Ezra Cobb , a middle-aged man in a rural Midwestern community who begins a string of serial murders and grave robberies after the death of his mother , a religious fanatic who raised him to be a misogynist . Though based on Gein , the film 's title is misleading since Gein never experimented with necrophilia ; although a necrophile is also defined as an obsessive fascination with death and corpses . Funded by an American concert promoter on a small budget , the production took place in Oshawa , Ontario in the winter of 1973 , with a largely Canadian cast and crew . The film premiered in Los Angeles on March 20 , 1974 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jeff Gillen , Alan Ormsby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Gillen', 'summary': "Deranged ( also known as Deranged : Confessions of a Necrophile ) is a 1974 Canadian-American horror film directed by Alan Ormsby and Jeff Gillen , and starring Roberts Blossom . Its plot , loosely based on the crimes of Ed Gein , follows Ezra Cobb , a middle-aged man in a rural Midwestern community who begins a string of serial murders and grave robberies after the death of his mother , a religious fanatic who raised him to be a misogynist . Though based on Gein , the film 's title is misleading since Gein never experimented with necrophilia ; although a necrophile is also defined as an obsessive fascination with death and corpses . Funded by an American concert promoter on a small budget , the production took place in Oshawa , Ontario in the winter of 1973 , with a largely Canadian cast and crew . The film premiered in Los Angeles on March 20 , 1974 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alan_Ormsby', 'summary': 'Alan Ormsby ( born December 14 , 1943 ) is an American director , screenwriter , make up artist , actor and author .'}]}, {'value': 'Roberts Blossom , Cosette Lee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roberts_Blossom', 'summary': 'Roberts Scott Blossom ( March 25 , 1924 - July 8 , 2011 ) was an American theatre , film and television character actor , and poet . He was best known for his roles as Old Man Marley in Home Alone ( 1990 ) and as Ezra Cobb in the horror film Deranged ( 1974 ) . He is also remembered for his supporting roles in films such as The Great Gatsby ( 1974 ) , Close Encounters of the Third Kind ( 1977 ) , Escape from Alcatraz ( 1979 ) , Christine ( 1983 ) , and The Last Temptation of Christ ( 1988 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cosette_Lee', 'summary': 'Cosette Lee ( July 10 , 1910 - September 19 , 1976 ) was a Canadian stage , radio , television and film actress . Though she was a stalwart character doyenne , prominent in every arena of the theatre arts in Canada , she is best remembered for her roles as Raxl , Daughter of the Priestess of the Serpent on Strange Paradise ( 1969-70 ) , and as Ma Cobb in Deranged ( 1975 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Devil Times Five', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peopletoys', 'summary': "Peopletoys ( also known as Devil Times Five and The Horrible House on the Hill , as well as Tantrums in the United Kingdom ) is a 1974 American horror film directed by Sean MacGregor and an uncredited David Sheldon . The movie stars Sorrell Booke , Gene Evans , Shelley Morrison , and Leif Garrett , along with Leif 's real-life sister Dawn Lyn and their real-life mother Carolyn Stellar . The film follows a group of sociopathic , homicidal children who survive a car accident in the mountains ; the murderous fivesome seek refuge in a rural chalet inhabited by several vacationing adults ."}]}, {'value': 'Sean MacGregor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sorrell Booke , Joan McCall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sorrell_Booke', 'summary': 'Sorrell Booke ( January 4 , 1930 - February 11 , 1994 ) was an American actor who performed on stage , screen , and television . He is best known for his role as corrupt politician Jefferson Davis Boss Hogg in the television show The Dukes of Hazzard .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Joan_McCall', 'summary': 'Joan McCall ( born January 31 , 1948 in Kentucky ) is an American screenwriter , producer , actress and religious minister .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': "The Devil 's Plaything", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/The_Devil's_Plaything", 'summary': "The Devil 's Plaything ( German : Der Fluch der schwarzen Schwestern ) is a 1973 Swedish / Swiss / German horror film directed by Joseph W. Sarno . The film , in its uncut version , features more suggestively sexual scenes ."}]}, {'value': 'Joseph W. Sarno', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_W._Sarno', 'summary': 'Joseph W. Sarno ( March 15 , 1921 - April 26 , 2010 ) was an American film director and screenwriter . Sarno emerged from the proto-pornographic sexploitation film genre of the 1950s & 1960s ; he had written and directed approximately 75 theatrically released feature films in the sexploitation , softcore and hardcore genres as well as a number of shot-on-video features for the 1980s hardcore video market .'}]}, {'value': 'Marie Forså , Nadia Henkowa , Flavia Keyt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marie_Forså', 'summary': 'Marie Forså or Maria Lynn ( born Inga Forså , 13 December 1956 in Farsta ) is a Swedish actress active in Europe the mid-1970s .'}]}, {'value': 'Sweden Switzerland West Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Do n't Open the Door !", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Don't_Open_the_Door!", 'summary': "Do n't Open the Door ! , also known as Do n't Hang Up , is a 1974 American horror film , directed by S. F. Brownrigg and starring Susan Bracken , Larry O'Dwyer , and Gene Ross . Its plot follows a young woman who returns to her hometown to care for her ailing grandmother , where she is tormented by disturbing phone calls from a deranged maniac . Filmed in Jefferson , Texas in 1973 , Do n't Open the Door ! was originally released regionally in Texas under the title Do n't Hang Up in May 1974 . It was subsequently acquired by Capital Films Corporation , who re-released it in 1979 ."}]}, {'value': 'S. F. Brownrigg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/S._F._Brownrigg', 'summary': 'Sherald Fergus Brownrigg ( September 30 , 1937 - September 20 , 1996 ) was an American film director and producer .'}]}, {'value': 'Susan Bracken , Annabelle Weenick , Jeffrey Swann', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeffrey_Swann', 'summary': "Jeffrey Swann ( born November 24 , 1951 ) is an American classical pianist . Swann was born in Arizona but moved to Dallas , Texas , as a young child . He began piano studies at the age of four . While attending St. Mark 's School of Texas , he studied for seven years with Alexander Uninsky at Southern Methodist University in Dallas . ( He was known at St. Mark 's for practicing without shoes - socks only . ) He received his Bachelor and Master of Music degrees from the Juilliard School under Beveridge Webster and Joseph Bloch . He completed his Doctor of Musical Arts degree under Adele Marcus , graduating with highest honors . During this time , he won the Young Concert Artists International Auditions in 1974 and opened the 1975-76 YCA Series at Carnegie Hall with his New York debut . He won first prize in the Dino Ciani Competition sponsored by La Scala in Milan , second prize at the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition in Brussels , and top honors in the Warsaw Chopin , Van Cliburn , Vianna da Motta and Montreal Competitions ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Eerie Midnight Horror Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Eerie_Midnight_Horror_Show', 'summary': "The Eerie Midnight Horror Show ( Italian : L'Ossessa ; also known as Enter the Devil , The Sexorcist and The Devil Obsession ) is a 1974 Italian horror film directed by Mario Gariazzo and starring Stella Carnacina and Chris Avram ."}]}, {'value': 'Mario Gariazzo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mario_Gariazzo', 'summary': 'Mario Gariazzo ( 4 June 1930 - March 2002 ) was an Italian screenwriter and film director . He wrote for 21 films between 1969 and 1992 . He also directed 18 films between 1962 and 1992 . He was born in Biella , Italy and died in Rome , Italy at age 71 . Gariazzo is known to horror film fans for directing The Eerie Midnight Horror Show in 1974 , and White Slave in 1985 . He also directed the 1978 Italian science fiction film Eyes Behind The Stars . He worked with Klaus Kinski , Ivan Rassimov , Richard Harrison , Ray Lovelock , Martin Balsam and other genre stars .'}]}, {'value': 'Stella Carnacina , Chris Avram , Ivan Rassimov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Avram', 'summary': 'Chris Avram ( born Cristea Avram ; August 31 , 1931 - January 10 , 1989 ) was a Romanian-Italian film actor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ivan_Rassimov', 'summary': 'Ivan Rassimov ( Born Ivan Đerasimović ; Serbian Cyrillic : Иван Ђерасимовић ) ( 7 May 1938 - 14 March 2003 ) was an Italian film actor who appeared in many horror and exploitation films .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': ' Horror films By decade 1896–1959 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000s 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010s 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 vte A list of horror films released in 1974 .', 'uid': 'List_of_horror_films_of_1974_0', 'intro': 'A list of horror films released in 1974.'}	null	null	The 1974 horror film directed by Buzz Kulik was based on a novel by whom ?	Jack Vance
09fdd6f7def15d49	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_Saskatchewan_Legislature', 'title': '7th Saskatchewan Legislature', 'header': ['Electoral district', 'Member', 'Party'], 'data': [{'value': 'Arm River', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arm_River_(electoral_district)', 'summary': "Arm River is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan , Canada . This constituency is located in south central Saskatchewan . Revived as a result of the 2013 revision of Saskatchewan 's electoral districts , it was last contested in the 2016 election . Arm River was originally created before the 2nd Saskatchewan general election in 1908 . The Representation Act , 2002 ( Saskatchewan ) merged this riding 's first incarnation with parts of the Watrous and Last Mountain-Touchwood ridings to form the riding of Arm River-Watrous . Arm River-Watrous was abolished by The Representation Act , 2013 ( Saskatchewan ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Duncan Selby Hutcheon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duncan_Selby_Hutcheon', 'summary': 'Duncan Selby Hutcheon ( February 16 , 1879 - January 11 , 1954 ) was a Canadian provincial politician . He was born in Alton , Ontario to David Wilton and May ( McPhedion ) Hutcheon . David Wilton Hutcheon was treasurer of Haultain , Ontario . In 1902 , Duncan moved to Pense , Saskatchewan where he farmed for a year before settling in Davidson , Saskatchewan to homestead . However , in 1905 he rented his farm and moved into Davidson . In Davidson , he opened and operated the first Wells Land & Cattle Company elevator , which he operated for five years . He then purchased a hardware store which he ran for three years . In 1913 , he became Secretary-Treasurer of the Rural Municipality of Willner , while also selling insurance . He held the office of mayor of Davidson from 1914 until 1922 . He also served on the school board and hospital board Hutcheon was elected as the Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan for the constituency of Arm River for a single term , from 1929 until 1934 . As representative of the Arm River riding , he was preceded by Liberal Thomas Frederick Waugh and followed by Liberal Gustaf Herman Danielson . Hutcheon married Ruby Sanderson in 1910 , and had three children , David , Mary Isabella , and Robert Donald .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progressive_Conservative_Party', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan is a right-of-centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . Prior to 1942 , it was known as the Conservative Party of Saskatchewan . Members are commonly known as Tories .'}]}, {'value': 'Bengough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bengough_(electoral_district)', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': 'Herman Kersler Warren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herman_Kersler_Warren', 'summary': 'Herman Kersler Warren ( September 26 , 1883 - 1968 ) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Bengough from 1929 to 1934 as a Conservative and from 1938 to 1944 as a Unity Party member in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan . He was born in Hamiota , Manitoba , the son of Joseph Henry Warren , and educated in Brandon . In 1912 , Warren married a Miss Thomas . He was defeated by James Bidwell Smith when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1934 , but then defeated Smith in the 1938 general election . In 1935 , he ran unsuccessfully for the Wood Mountain seat in the Canadian House of Commons as a Social Credit candidate . After being elected as a Unity Party member in 1938 , Warren later sat as a supporter of the CCF in the provincial assembly . He later served 12 years as a member of the Provincial Mediation Board .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progressive_Conservative_Party', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan is a right-of-centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . Prior to 1942 , it was known as the Conservative Party of Saskatchewan . Members are commonly known as Tories .'}]}, {'value': 'Biggar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Biggar_(former_provincial_electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Biggar is a former provincial electoral division for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada , centred on the town of Biggar . This district was created before the 3rd Saskatchewan general election in 1912 . The riding was dissolved and combined with the Rosetown district to form Rosetown-Biggar before the 23rd Saskatchewan general election in 1995 . It was the constituency of Premier Woodrow S. Lloyd . It is now part of the Biggar provincial constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'William Willoughby Miller', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Willoughby_Miller', 'summary': 'William Willoughby Miller ( September 12 , 1880 - 1959 ) was a merchant and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Biggar from 1929 to 1934 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Conservative . He was born in Brockville , Ontario , the son of Willoughby Miller and Isabella Baker , and was educated in Greenbush . Miller joined his brother in New York City , where he worked in a grocery and butcher business for three years . In 1906 , he married Lillian Powell . Miller farmed in Leeds County for six years and then , in 1910 , travelled west to Biggar , Saskatchewan , where he purchased a general store . He later became the local dealer for Chevrolet and McLaughlin automobiles and the owner of a garage . Miller served on the Biggar city council and the local school board . He was defeated by Robert Pelham Hassard when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1934 .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progressive_Conservative_Party', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan is a right-of-centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . Prior to 1942 , it was known as the Conservative Party of Saskatchewan . Members are commonly known as Tories .'}]}, {'value': 'Cannington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cannington_(former_electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Cannington was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada . This district was one of 25 created for the 1st Saskatchewan general election in 1905 . It was preceded by a Territorial constituency of the same name . The constituency was combined with the Souris district of Souris-Estevan ( and renamed Souris-Cannington ) , and lost parts to Moosomin , Indian Head-Wolseley , Weyburn and Estevan before the 18th Saskatchewan general election in 1975 . It was the riding of Premier William John Patterson .'}]}, {'value': 'Samson Wallace Arthur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samson_Wallace_Arthur', 'summary': "Samson Wallace Arthur ( July 17 , 1875 - 1948 ) was a doctor and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Cannington from 1929 to 1934 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as an independent member . He was born in Battersea , Ontario , the son of John Arthur and Elizabeth Hern , and was educated at Queen 's University . In 1910 , Arthur married Mabel A. Christian . He lived in Redvers , Saskatchewan . Arthur was defeated by William John Patterson when he ran for reelection in 1934 as a Conservative . He also served on the local school board and was a justice of the peace ."}]}, {'value': 'Independent', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canora', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canora_(provincial_electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Canora is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada , centred on the town of Canora . This constituency was created before the 2nd Saskatchewan general election in 1908 . Dissolved in 1934 , the district was reconstituted before the 9th Saskatchewan general election in 1938 . It is now part of the constituency of Canora-Pelly .'}]}, {'value': 'Anton O. Morken', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anton_O._Morken', 'summary': 'Anton Olsen Morken ( March 17 , 1885 - August 1959 ) was a Norwegian-born farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Canora in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1929 to 1934 as a Liberal . He was born in Kvam , Oppland in Gudbrand Valley , the son of Ole Eriksen Stormorken and Embjørg Amundsdatter Stormorken ( née Stenen ) , and was educated there . Morken came to Canada in 1906 . In 1919 , he married Hulda Marie Erickson ( née Lindblom ) . Morken lived in Sturgis , Saskatchewan . He was president of the Sturgis Telephone Company , a member of the local school board , and a founding member of the Sturgis Credit Union . He was also a grain dealer and part owner of a garage . Morken served overseas with the Canadian Army during World War I . He died of a heart attack at the age of 74 . Morken Lake , located north of La Ronge , was named in his honour .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Cumberland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cumberland_(Saskatchewan_provincial_electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Cumberland is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan , Canada . It was created for the 1912 election , and was abolished into Prince Albert East-Cumberland in 1967 . It was re-created for the 1975 election . It is the largest electoral district in the province , and at the 2007 general election was the safest seat for the New Democratic Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Deakin Alexander Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deakin_Hall_(politician)', 'summary': 'Deakin Alexander Hall ( 1884-1957 ) was a politician from Saskatchewan , Canada . Deakin was a long-standing member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan serving for the Saskatchewan Liberal Party from 1913 to 1944 .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Cut Knife', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cut_Knife_(electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Cut Knife is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada . This constituency was created before the 4th Saskatchewan general election in 1917 . Redrawn to include the former district of Lloydminster in 1934 , the constituency was renamed Cut Knife-Lloydminster in 1964 . This district was dissolved before the 23rd Saskatchewan general election in 1995 . It is now part of the Lloydminster and Cut Knife-Turtleford constituencies .'}]}, {'value': 'George John McLean', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Independent', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cypress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cypress_(former_Saskatchewan_provincial_electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Cypress is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada . This district was created before the 3rd Saskatchewan general election in 1912 as Gull Lake . Since the district encompassed most of the Saskatchewan side of the Cypress Hills , the riding was renamed Cypress in 1917 . Redrawn and renamed Shaunavon before 1934 , the constituency was abolished before the 9th Saskatchewan general election in 1938 . It is now part of the Cypress Hills and Wood River constituencies .'}]}, {'value': 'John Edward Gryde', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Edward_Gryde', 'summary': 'John Edward Gryde ( April 17 , 1882 - 1952 ) was an American-born general merchant and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Cypress from 1929 to 1934 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Conservative . He was born in Grafton , Walsh County , North Dakota , the son of Kittel K. Gryde and Ireborg Torgeson , both natives of Norway . In 1912 , Gryde married Genna Dorine Nyhus . Gryde was postmaster for Waldville , Saskatchewan and served on the town council for Climax , also serving as mayor . He had moved his house from Waldville to Climax in 1923 . Gryde was defeated by Clarence Stork when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1934 . He died in a car crash in 1952 .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progressive_Conservative_Party', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan is a right-of-centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . Prior to 1942 , it was known as the Conservative Party of Saskatchewan . Members are commonly known as Tories .'}]}, {'value': 'Elrose', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elrose_(electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Elrose was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada . Located in southwestern Saskatchewan , this constituency was centred on the town of Elrose . The riding was created before the 3rd Saskatchewan general election in 1912 as Eagle Creek ; it was renamed Elrose in 1917 . The district was dissolved and combined with the Rosetown riding ( as Rosetown-Elrose ) before the 18th Saskatchewan general election in 1975 . It is now part of a revived Rosetown-Elrose constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'James Cobban', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Cobban_(Saskatchewan_politician)', 'summary': 'James Cobban ( November 24 , 1870 - 1934 ) was a rancher and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Elrose from 1929 to 1934 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Conservative . He was born in Middlemiss , Ontario ( near London ) , the son of Alexander Cobban and Rebecca Plain , and came to western Canada in 1890 . Cobham married Annie Campbell in 1902 . Cobham ran unsuccessfully for the Middlesex West seat in the Canadian House of Commons in 1911 and the Rosetown seat in the provincial assembly in 1925 before being elected for Elrose in 1929 . He became ill while shipping cattle in the fall of 1933 and spent the winter in the hospital in Rosetown . Cobham travelled to Regina for the opening of the 1934 session in March but he died soon afterwards .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progressive_Conservative_Party', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan is a right-of-centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . Prior to 1942 , it was known as the Conservative Party of Saskatchewan . Members are commonly known as Tories .'}]}, {'value': 'Estevan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estevan_(former_electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Estevan is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada . This district was created for the 2nd Saskatchewan general election in 1908 . Renamed Bromhead in 1934 , the constituency was dissolved and combined with the Souris-Estevan district before the 9th Saskatchewan general election in 1938 . It is now part of the provincial constituencies of Estevan and Weyburn-Big Muddy .'}]}, {'value': 'Eleazer William Garner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eleazer_Garner', 'summary': 'Eleazer William Garner ( April 28 , 1887 - 1937 ) was a real estate and insurance agent , lawyer , farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Estevan from 1929 to 1930 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal . He was born in Walkerton , Ontario , the son of Eleazer William Garner and Lucinda Jane Brown , and was educated there . In 1908 , he came to Saskatchewan , settling in Regina . Garner worked in the collection department of the International Harvester Company in Regina from 1911 to 1913 . He came to Estevan in 1915 . In 1916 , he married Esther Gray . Garner was called to the Saskatchewan bar in 1918 . He served on the city council for Estevan and was mayor from 1921 to 1923 . Garner was also secretary and manager of the Estevan Agricultural Society from 1917 to 1923 and was manager of the Truax-Traer coal mine . He resigned his seat in the provincial legislature in 1930 .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Francis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Francis_(electoral_district)', 'summary': "Francis is a former provincial electoral division for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada , centred on the town of Francis , Saskatchewan . This district was created before the 2nd Saskatchewan general election in 1908 . The riding was dissolved and combined with the Milestone and Qu'Appelle-Wolseley districts before the 9th Saskatchewan general election in 1938 . It is now part of the constituency of Indian Head-Milestone ."}]}, {'value': 'Samuel Norval Horner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_Norval_Horner', 'summary': "Samuel Norval Horner ( April 2 , 1882 - 1979 ) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Francis from 1929 to 1934 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Progressive Party member . He was born in North Clarendon , Quebec , the son of William Horner and Sarah Argue , was educated there and in Shawville , and came to the Creelman , Saskatchewan area around 1909 . Horner operated a mixed farm until retiring in 1960 . In 1911 , he married Jessie F. Alexander . Horner was reeve of the rural municipality of Fillmore for 14 years . He also served as chairman of the Weyburn-Estevan Health Unit . He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the provincial assembly in 1921 and 1925 before being elected in 1929 . Horner was defeated when he ran for reelection as a Conservative in 1934 . He was an unsuccessful candidate running as an independent in the provincial riding of Milestone in 1938 . Two years later , Horner ran as a CCF candidate in the federal riding of Assiniboia . He served on the senate for the University of Saskatchewan from 1949 to 1952 and on the University 's board of governors from 1952 to 1958 ."}]}, {'value': 'Progressive', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Saskatchewan', 'summary': 'The Progressive Party of Saskatchewan was a provincial section of the Progressive Party of Canada and was active from the 1920s to the mid-1930s . The Progressives were an agrarian , social democratic political movement originally dedicated to political and economic reform and challenging economic policies that favoured the financial and industrial interests in Central Canada over agrarian and to some extent labour interests . Like its federal counterpart it favoured free trade over protectionism .'}]}, {'value': 'Gravelbourg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gravelbourg_(electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Gravelbourg is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada . This district was created before the 5th Saskatchewan general election in 1921 . Redrawn and renamed Assiniboia-Gravelbourg in 1975 , the riding was dissolved before the 23rd Saskatchewan general election in 1995 . It is now part of the Wood River constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'Benjamin Franklin McGregor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benjamin_McGregor', 'summary': 'Benjamin Franklin McGregor ( January 1 , 1885 - 1935 ) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Gravelbourg from 1925 to 1935 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal . He was born in Milton , Ontario , the son of Charles McGregor and Sarah Johnston . He served as reeve of the rural municipality of Whiska Creek and chairman of the local school board . McGregor lived in Vanguard , Saskatchewan . He died in office in 1935 .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Hanley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hanley_(electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Hanley is a former provincial electoral division for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada , centred on the town of Hanley , Saskatchewan . This district was created before the 2nd Saskatchewan general election in 1908 . The riding was dissolved and combined with the Arm River , Rosthern , Kinistino , Saskatoon Buena Vista , Saskatoon Eastview , Saskatoon Sutherland and Biggar districts before the 18th Saskatchewan general election in 1975 . It is now part of the constituencies of Arm River-Watrous , Rosetown-Elrose , and Saskatoon Southeast .'}]}, {'value': 'Reginald Stipe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reginald_Stipe', 'summary': 'Reginald Stipe ( 1883 - 1976 ) was a physician and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Hanley from 1925 to 1934 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Progressive Party member . He was educated at Toronto University and came to Watrous , Saskatchewan in 1908 . Stipe became a member of the first town council the following year . He practised medicine there from 1909 until 1916 , when he joined the British Medical Corps , serving overseas during World War I . He and Dr Ernest Hixon had established the first hospital in Watrous in 1914 . Stipe returned to Watrous in 1919 and resumed practice in partnership with Dr. Hixon . He served in the provincial cabinet as a minister without portfolio . Stipe retired from the practice of medicine in 1949 . With his wife Mary , he retired to Victoria , British Columbia . They moved to Duncan in 1956 . After the death of his first wife , Stipe married Mabel Laing .'}]}, {'value': 'Progressive', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Saskatchewan', 'summary': 'The Progressive Party of Saskatchewan was a provincial section of the Progressive Party of Canada and was active from the 1920s to the mid-1930s . The Progressives were an agrarian , social democratic political movement originally dedicated to political and economic reform and challenging economic policies that favoured the financial and industrial interests in Central Canada over agrarian and to some extent labour interests . Like its federal counterpart it favoured free trade over protectionism .'}]}, {'value': 'Happyland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Happyland_(provincial_electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Happyland is a former provincial electoral division for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada . Centred on the town of Leader , Saskatchewan , this district was named after the Happyland rural municipality . Created before the 4th Saskatchewan general election in 1917 , this constituency was divided and combined with the districts of Kindersley ( later Kerrobert-Kindersley ) in the north and Maple Creek in the south before the 8th Saskatchewan general election in 1934 . This area is now part of the constituencies of Cypress Hills and Kindersley .'}]}, {'value': 'Donald McPherson Strath', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Humboldt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Humboldt_(provincial_electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Humboldt was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan , Canada . Located in central Saskatchewan , this constituency was one of 25 created for the 1st Saskatchewan general election in 1905 . Incorporated as a city in 2000 , Humboldt ( pop . 4,998 ) was the largest centre in the riding . Smaller communities in the district included the towns of Lanigan , Allan , Colonsay , Aberdeen , Clavet , and Bruno ; and the villages of Vonda , Viscount , Muenster , and Meacham . See also the mirrored article , which has information on the former federal electoral district of the same name .'}]}, {'value': 'Henry Mathies Therres', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Île-à-la-Crosse', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A. Jules Marion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jules_Marion', 'summary': "Arthur Jules Marion ( November 19 , 1884 - April 5 , 1941 ) was a Métis politician and businessman . He was first elected as a Liberal MLA in the district of Île-à-la-Crosse in a by-election held in April 1926 after incumbent Joseph Octave Nolin died in office in December 1925 . Marion would later be re-elected in the then-recently redrawn district of Athabasca in 1938 . Notably , he had been earlier defeated in 1934 by Deakin Alexander Hall , who was also running Liberal . In July 1941 , a by-election was held to fill to the seat left vacant by Marion 's own death in office in April 1941 . Liberal Hubert Staines was elected to replace him . Marion 's son Louis Marcien Marion successfully ran in the next Saskatchewan general election , and served as MLA in Athabasca from 1944 to 1952 . Marion was the brother-in-law of federal Liberal Senator William Albert Boucher ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Jack Fish Lake', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Donald M. Finlayson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donald_Finlayson', 'summary': 'Donald M. Finlayson ( August 9 , 1854 - September 30 , 1934 ) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented North Battleford from 1908 to 1917 and Jack Fish Lake from 1917 to 1934 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal . He was born in Elgin County , Ontario , the son of Duncan Finlayson and Annabel Matheson , both natives of Scotland . He moved to Battleford , Saskatchewan in 1879 . In 1881 , Finlayson married his wife Katie . Their home was ravaged during the North-West Rebellion of 1885 but the family were not at home , having been warned in advance . Finlayson served with local militia during the rebellion . He was president of the North Battleford Agricultural Society .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Kerrobert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kerrobert_(electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Kerrobert is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada . Located in west-central Saskatchewan , this constituency was created before the 3rd Saskatchewan general election in 1912 . The district was dissolved and combined with the former Kindersley riding ( as Kerrobert-Kindersley ) before the 9th Saskatchewan general election in 1938 . It is now part of the present-day Kindersley constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'Robert Leith Hanbidge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Hanbidge', 'summary': 'Robert Leith ( Dinny ) Hanbidge QC ( 16 March 1891 - 25 July 1974 ) was a Canadian lawyer , municipal , provincial and federal politician , and the 12th Lieutenant-Governor of Saskatchewan .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progressive_Conservative_Party', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan is a right-of-centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . Prior to 1942 , it was known as the Conservative Party of Saskatchewan . Members are commonly known as Tories .'}]}, {'value': 'Kindersley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kindersley_(former_provincial_electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Kindersley is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada . This constituency was created before the 3rd Saskatchewan general election in 1912 . The district was dissolved and combined with the Kerrobert riding ( as Kerrobert-Kindersley ) before the 9th Saskatchewan general election in 1938 . It is now part of the present-day Kindersley constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'Ebenezer Samuel Whatley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ebenezer_Whatley', 'summary': 'Ebenezer Samuel Whatley ( December 26 , 1878 - 1933 ) was an English-born farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Kindersley in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1925 to 1933 as a Progressive Party member . He was born in Overton , the son of Samuel Horder Whatley and Elizabeth Fry , and was educated in Cirencester . Whatley served with the British in South Africa from 1900 to 1901 . He came to Canada in 1903 . In 1912 , Whatley married Agnes Ellen Lawrence . He lived in Kindersley , Saskatchewan . Whatley died in office in 1933 .'}]}, {'value': 'Progressive', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Saskatchewan', 'summary': 'The Progressive Party of Saskatchewan was a provincial section of the Progressive Party of Canada and was active from the 1920s to the mid-1930s . The Progressives were an agrarian , social democratic political movement originally dedicated to political and economic reform and challenging economic policies that favoured the financial and industrial interests in Central Canada over agrarian and to some extent labour interests . Like its federal counterpart it favoured free trade over protectionism .'}]}, {'value': 'Kinistino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kinistino_(electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Kinistino was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada . Located in north-central Saskatchewan , it was centred on the town of Kinistino . This constituency was one of 25 created for the 1st Saskatchewan general election in 1905 . Dissolved and combined with the Melfort riding in 1971 , the district was reconstituted before the 18th Saskatchewan general election in 1975 . It was dissolved again in 1995 into Saskatchewan Rivers , Melfort-Tisdale , Humboldt and a small part to Prince Albert Carlton . It is now part of the constituencies of Batoche , Melfort , and Saskatchewan Rivers .'}]}, {'value': 'Charles McIntosh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_McIntosh', 'summary': 'Charles McIntosh ( April 4 , 1892 - 1970 ) was a Scottish-born farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Kinistino in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1925 to 1933 as a Liberal . He was born near Edinburgh , the son of John McIntosh and Elizabeth Pratt , came to Canada with his family in 1904 , and was educated in Portage la Prairie , Manitoba . McIntosh married Genevieve H. Laidlaw in 1919 . He served overseas with the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I . In 1932 , McIntosh decided to support the coalition government of James Thomas Milton Anderson . Anderson named McIntosh to his cabinet as Minister of Natural Resources on April 29 , 1933 . However , when McIntosh ran for reelection to the assembly as a government supporter on May 22 that same year , he was defeated by Liberal John Richard Parish Taylor .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Members of the Assembly', 'section_text': 'The following members were elected to the assembly in 1929 : [ 5 ]', 'uid': '7th_Legislative_Assembly_of_Saskatchewan_0', 'intro': 'The 7th Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan was elected in the Saskatchewan general election held in June 1929. The assembly sat from September 4, 1929, to May 25, 1934. The Liberal Party led by James Garfield Gardiner attempted to form a minority government but were defeated by a motion of no confidence. The Conservative Party led by James Thomas Milton Anderson then formed a coalition government with the support of the Progressive Party and independent members. The Liberals led by Gardiner formed the official opposition. James Fraser Bryant served as speaker for the assembly in 1929. Robert Sterritt Leslie replaced Bryant as speaker in 1930.'}	null	null	In the 7th Saskatchewan Legislature , the lawmaker from the district of Cannington was born in what city ?	Battersea
09fedaa1b7b32d4b	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_IAAF_World_Half_Marathon_Championships', 'title': '2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Athlete', 'Nationality', 'Time'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florence Kiplagat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florence_Kiplagat', 'summary': "Florence Jebet Kiplagat ( born 27 February 1987 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner . She is a two-time world champion , having won at the 2009 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and the 2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships . She was the world record holder for the women 's half marathon with a time of 1:05:09 hours until it was broken by Peres Jepchirchir on 10 February 2017 at the RAK Half Marathon . She has also represented Kenya on the track , having won the silver medal over 5000 m at the 2006 World Junior Championships in Athletics . She competed in the 10,000 m at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics and was the Kenyan record holder in the event with her best of 30:11.53 minutes until it was broken by Vivian Cheruiyot on 12 August 2016 at the Rio Olympic Games . Kiplagat is currently part of the NN Running Team , an international team of elite long-distance runners managed by Global Sports Communication ."}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '1:08:24', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dire Tune', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dire_Tune', 'summary': "Dire Tune Arissi ( pronounced Deer-ay Too-nay ; Ge'ez : ዲሬ ቱኔ , born 19 June 1985 ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner . Tune competed in the marathon at the 2005 World Championships . At the 2006 World Road Running Championships she finished fourth in the individual competition . This was good enough to help Ethiopia win a silver medal in the team competition . On April 21 , 2008 , Tune won the Boston Marathon with a time of 2:25:25 . She was then selected to represent her country in the marathon at the 2008 Summer Olympics , and was the only Ethiopian to finish , placing 15th in a time of 2:31:16 . In April 2009 , Tune finished second by one second in the Boston Marathon with a time of 2:32:17 . After finishing the race , she collapsed and had to be taken to the hospital . Her agent said the problem was due in part to dehydration combined with the cool weather and the fact that she trained for a shorter race . Dire Tune holds the One Hour running world record of 18.517 kilometres set June 12 , 2008 in Ostrava . The previous record ( 18,340 m ) was set by Tegla Loroupe ten years earlier . Tune won the 2009 Ras Al Khaimah Half Marathon , setting the Ethiopian half marathon record of 1:07:18 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '1:08:34', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peninah Arusei', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peninah_Arusei', 'summary': 'Peninah Arusei Jerop ( born 1 January 1979 in Uasin Gishu ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who specialises in road running competitions , especially the half marathon . She has represented Kenya at the Olympics , having competed in the 10,000 metres race at the 2008 Beijing Olympics . Arusei has won races on the European road circuit , including the Dam tot Damloop , Berlin Half Marathon and Lisbon Half Marathon .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '1:09:05', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Feyse Tadese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Feyse_Tadese', 'summary': 'Feyse Tadese Boru ( born 19 November 1988 ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who competes in the half marathon .'}]}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '1:09:28', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joyce Chepkirui', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joyce_Chepkirui', 'summary': 'Joyce Chepkirui ( born 20 August 1988 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in road running events . She established herself as a half marathon runner , winning races in Granollers , Bogotá and Gothenburg . She set a best of 1:06:19 hours to win the 2014 Prague Half Marathon . She also competes in 10K road races and her personal best of 30:38 minutes makes her fifth fastest woman ever . Chepkirui began competing in cross country running in 2012 and won the Kenyan and African titles . She also competes on the track over 1500 metres and was the silver medallist at the 2011 All-Africa Games .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '1:09:30', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meseret Mengistu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Meseret_Mengistu', 'summary': 'Meseret Mengistu Biru ( born 6 March 1990 ) is an Ethiopian female long-distance runner who competes mainly in road running events . She holds a personal best of 2:23:26 hours for the marathon . She represented Ethiopia at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 2008 and 2010 , winning a team silver medal at the latter edition . She was the 2015 winner of the Paris Marathon , improving her best by over six minutes in the process . She had her second win over the distance at the 2016 Beijing Marathon .'}]}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '1:09:31', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fate Tola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fate_Tola', 'summary': "Fate Tola Geleto ( born 22 October 1987 ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who competes in marathon races . She represented Ethiopia at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and has won marathons in Thessaloniki and Vienna . She lives in Germany and trains with Irina Mikitenko . Since 2012 , she competes for the German club MTV Braunschweig . Among her first elite level appearances was the Great Ethiopian Run in November 2008 , where she came fourth behind Teyba Erkesso over the 10 km distance . She made her professional marathon debut at the Alexander the Great Marathon in April 2009 and she won on her first attempt , taking the women 's title in a time of 2:36:54 hours . The Ljubljana Marathon in October was her second outing over the distance and she was fourth , but improved her best time by a minute and a half . She represented Oromia Police at the Sululta Cross Country at the start of 2010 and came fourth . She significantly improved her marathon best at that year 's Rome City Marathon , taking fifth in a time of 2:28:54 hours , and won the Paderborner Osterlauf 10K soon afterwards . She was selected to represent Ethiopia at the 2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in Nanning in October and she came seventh , setting a personal best of 1:09:38 hours for the distance . Her last major race of the year came at the Turin Marathon and she again improved : it became a two-woman race between Tola and Priscah Jeptoo and although it was her Kenyan rival who claimed victory , Tola ran a best of 2:28:22 hours as the runner-up . Her 2011 season began with a second-place finish at the Berlin Half Marathon ."}]}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '1:09:38', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zhu Xiaolin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zhu_Xiaolin', 'summary': "Zhu Xiaolin ( born 20 February 1984 ) is a female Chinese long-distance runner , who specialises in marathons . She has won the Xiamen International Marathon and was third at the 2010 Rotterdam Marathon . She represented China at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and was fourth in the women 's marathon . Zhu has also competed at the World Championships in Athletics , where she finished in the top five in the marathon in both 2007 and 2009 . Her personal best over the distance is 2 hours and 23:57 minutes . In 2005 , she was sixth at the Beijing Marathon and travelled to Nanjing to take part in the 10th Chinese National Games soon after . She finished as runner-up in the women 's 5000 metres behind Xing Huina , making a 36-second improvement to her personal best to secure the silver medal . Early in the following year she competed at the 2006 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships and she managed a championship record of 9:25.60 to win the gold medal over 3000 metres . She won at the Yangzhou Half Marathon in April 2007 . Zhu finished fourth at the 2007 World Championships marathon . In the following year she achieved the same result , finishing fourth in the 2008 Olympics Marathon . In 2009 Zhu Xiaolin took part in the 2009 World Championships Marathon , resulting in a fifth place in 2:26:08 this time ."}]}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '1:11:01', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yoshimi Ozaki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yoshimi_Ozaki', 'summary': "Yoshimi Ozaki ( 尾崎好美 , Ozaki Yoshimi , born July 1 , 1981 ) is a Japanese long-distance runner , who specializes in the marathon . She won the 2008 Tokyo Women 's Marathon in a personal best time of 2:23:30 hours . A year later she took the silver medal in the event at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics . Ozaki has won international team medals with Japan at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships and the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships . She represented Japan in the marathon at the 2012 Summer Olympics . She is coached by former world marathon medallist Sachiko Yamashita ."}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:11:02', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryoko Kizaki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryoko_Kizaki', 'summary': "Ryoko Kizaki ( Japanese : 木崎良子 ; born 21 June 1985 ) is a Japanese long-distance runner who competes in marathon and half marathon races . She won the 2011 Yokohama Women 's Marathon in a personal best time of 2:26:32 hours . She is a three-time participant at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and a two-time medallist at the Summer Universiade ."}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:11:03', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sarah Chepchirchir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sarah_Chepchirchir', 'summary': "Sarah Chepchirchir ( born 27 July 1984 in Nandi County ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in road running competitions in distances ranging from 10K runs to the half marathon . She started her professional career by running in races in France . In 2008 , she had top three finishes in the Saint-Pol , Auray-Vannes and Le Lion Half Marathons . She made her impact on the scene in 2009 , winning the Maroilles 20K and Auray-Vannes Half Marathon . A runner-up finish at the Course Paris-Versailles , a third place at the 20 Kilomètres de Paris , then a personal best of 71:54 minutes at the Reims à Toutes Jambes half marathon cemented her place among the country 's top road runners . In the 2010 season she was in the top three at the Corrida de Langueux , Maroilles 20K and Lille Half Marathon - at the latter she ran a personal best time of 69:27 minutes . This helped her earn her first international selection : at the 2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships she placed eleventh . She topped the podium at the Auray-Vannes and Boulogne-Billancourt Half Marathons that year . Chepchirchir was in the top two of all her French road races in 2011 , including victories at the Le Puy-en-Velay 15K and the Humarathon ( where she ran a course record and personal best of 68:07 minutes ) . In her second international outing for Kenya she placed fifth at the 2011 All-Africa Games half marathon . In 2012 , she ran two sub-70-minute half marathons but this was only enough for third in Paris and fifth in Lille . She claimed the course record at the 2013 Paris 20K with a run of 1:05:03 hours , and also won the Ndakaini Marathon in Kenya ."}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '1:11:03', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nicole Chapple', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:11:25', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Azusa Nojiri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Azusa_Nojiri', 'summary': 'Azusa Nojiri ( 野尻あずさ , Nojiri Azusa , born 6 June 1982 ) is a Japanese long-distance runner who competes in marathon races . Her personal best for the distance is 2:24:57 hours . She represented Japan in the marathon at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics , coming in 19th . Originally a cross-country skier , she participated at the 2005 Winter Universiade but switched to distance running instead . She competed at the 2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and shared in the team bronze medal . She formerly ran for the Dai-Ichi Life corporate team and won the ekiden corporate title with them in 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:11:35', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abebech Afework', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abebech_Afework', 'summary': 'Abebech Afework Bekele ( born 11 December 1990 ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who specialises half marathon races . She has represented Ethiopia at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships and the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships . She was the 2011 winner of the Egmond Half Marathon . Her personal best for the distance is 1:10:30 hours . She first began competing abroad in 2009 , taking third at the Udine Half Marathon in a time of 1:11:15 hours and running a 10,000 metres best of 32:52.67 minutes in Utrecht . She also won the smaller Arezzo Half Marathon race that year . She had her first international call-ups the following year , coming 18th in the senior race at the 2010 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and 14th at the 2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in Nanning . At the Zwolle Half Marathon she ran a personal best of 1:10:49 hours for the distance , coming in as runner-up behind Caroline Kilel . She was also runner-up at the Great Ethiopian Run at the end of the year , behind Sule Utura . In January 2011 she won the Egmond Half Marathon Running for the Ethiopian Defence running club , she came fourth in the 10,000 m at the national championships then ran a personal best of 32:05.06 minutes at the Golden Spike Ostrava later that month . In September she turned back to the roads and came third at the Dam tot Damloop in Zaandam then won the Route du Vin Half Marathon in a personal best of 1:10:30 hours . She returned to the Great Ethiopian 10K in November and improved one place to take the title , beating established marathon runners in Tiki Gelana and Atsede Habtamu .'}]}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '1:11:38', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hiroko Miyauchi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:11:40', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Helalia Johannes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helalia_Johannes', 'summary': 'Helalia Johannes ( Helalia Lukeiko Johannes , also Hilaria Johannes ; born 13 August 1980 ) is a Namibian long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon . She holds the Namibian records in the 10 km , 20 km , half marathon and marathon events . At 39 years of age , she became a World Championships Bronze medallist in the Marathon . She represented her country at the 2008 Beijing Olympics , 2012 London Olympics and 2018 Commonwealth Games and has won medals at the Military World Games , the All-Africa Games and at the 2018 Commonwealth Games .'}]}, {'value': 'Namibia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Namibia', 'summary': 'Namibia ( /nəˈmɪbiə/ ( listen ) , /næˈ-/ ) , officially the Republic of Namibia , is a country in Southern Africa . Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean ; it shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north , Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east . Although it does not border Zimbabwe , less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates the two countries . Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990 , following the Namibian War of Independence . Its capital and largest city is Windhoek , and it is a member state of the United Nations ( UN ) , the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) , the African Union ( AU ) , and the Commonwealth of Nations . Namibia , the driest country in Sub-Saharan Africa , was inhabited since early times by the San , Damara and Nama people . Around the 14th century , immigrating Bantu peoples arrived as part of the Bantu expansion . Since then , the Bantu groups , the largest being the Ovambo , have dominated the population of the country ; since the late 19th century , they have constituted a majority . In 1878 , the Cape of Good Hope , then a British colony , annexed the port of Walvis Bay and the offshore Penguin Islands ; these became an integral part of the new Union of South Africa at its creation in 1910 . In 1884 the German Empire established rule over most of the territory , forming a colony known as German South West Africa . It developed farming and infrastructure . Between 1904 and 1908 it perpetrated a genocide against the Herero and Nama people .'}]}, {'value': '1:11:57', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karolina Jarzyńska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karolina_Jarzyńska', 'summary': 'Karolina Jarzyńska-Nadolska ( born September 6 , 1981 in Oleśnica ) is a Polish long-distance runner . She competed in the marathon at the 2012 Summer Olympics , placing 36th with a time of 2:30:57 . She also represented her country at the 2010 European Athletics Championships , but did not finish the marathon distance . She took a career break from mid-2014 to late-2015 to have a child and returned to competition in late 2015 . Jarzyńska set a Polish record for the event in 2013 by winning the Łódź Marathon in a time of 2:26:44 hours .'}]}, {'value': 'Poland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poland', 'summary': "Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 ."}]}, {'value': '1:12:36', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Claire Hallissey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Claire_Hallissey', 'summary': "Claire Hallissey is a British distance runner . She competed for Britain at the 2009 World Half Marathon Championships coming 25th . In 2010 , she ran her first marathon , in New York and in 2011 ran the Chicago Marathon . In 2012 , she finished 11th in the London Marathon . Hallissey was confirmed as a member of the Great Britain squad for the 2012 Summer Olympics in the women 's marathon alongside compatriots Paula Radcliffe and Mara Yamauchi . She finished in 57th place in a time of 2:35:39 ."}]}, {'value': 'Great Britain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '1:13:07', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stephanie Rothstein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephanie_Rothstein', 'summary': 'Stephanie Bruce ( née Rothstein ) is an American long-distance runner .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '1:13:37', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eden Tesfalem', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eritrea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eritrea', 'summary': 'Eritrea ( /ˌɛrɪˈtreɪə , ˌɛrɪˈtriːə/ ( listen ) officially the State of Eritrea ) , is a country in the Horn of Africa in East Africa , with its capital at Asmara . It is bordered by Sudan in the west , Ethiopia in the south , and Djibouti in the southeast . The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea . The nation has a total area of approximately 117,600 km2 ( 45,406 sq mi ) , and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands . Eritrea is a multi-ethnic country , with nine recognized ethnic groups in its population of around 3 million . Eritrea has nine national languages which are Tigrinya language , Tigre , Afar , Beja , Bilen , Kunama , Nara , Saho . Tigrinya , Arabic , and English serve as the three working languages . Most residents speak languages from the Afroasiatic family , either of the Ethiopian Semitic languages or Cushitic branches . Among these communities , the Tigrinyas make up about 55% of the population , with the Tigre people constituting around 30% of inhabitants . In addition , there are a number of Nilo-Saharan-speaking Nilotic ethnic minorities . Most people in the territory adhere to Islam or Christianity . The Kingdom of Aksum , covering much of modern-day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia , was established during the first or second centuries AD .'}]}, {'value': '1:13:41', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': "Women 's race -- Women 's results", 'section_text': 'Peninah Arusei ( pictured in 2007 ) won a bronze medal to help Kenya to the team gold .', 'uid': '2010_IAAF_World_Half_Marathon_Championships_2', 'intro': "The 2010 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships was held in Nanning, China on 16 October 2010. The competition took place on the city streets, beginning and ending at Wuxiang Square, with a total prize purse of US$245,000 at stake. The Kenyan athletes emerged with both the individual and team titles in the men's and women's races. Despite limited experience in top level half marathon races, Wilson Kiprop and Florence Kiplagat won their respective races. Kiprop broke Zersenay Tadese's winning streak which dated back to 2006, out-sprinting the defending champion in the final stages. Sammy Kitwara won the men's bronze medal and helped Kenya to the men's team title. Led by Zersenay, the Eritrean men beat Ethiopia to the team silver medal spot. Kiplagat, who was ever present at the front of the women's race, outdid Ethiopian Dire Tune in the last kilometre to win her second gold medal on the global stage. Mirroring Kitwara, Kenya's women's bronze medallist Peninah Jerop Arusei secured the team's victory over Ethiopia. Representing the hosts, Zhu Xiaolin was the only non-African to reach the top eight at the championships. The joint effort of the Japanese women aided them to a sixth consecutive team bronze medal - making them the only medalling country outside the typically strong African triumvirate of Kenya, Ethiopia and Eritrea. A total of 30 countries were represented at the 19th edition of the competition and 123 runners altogether were entered into the men's and women's races."}	null	null	What is the finishing time of the athlete who is a two-time world champion ?	1:08:24
09ff8d15e1926934	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA', 'title': 'Miss Teen USA', 'header': ['Year', '1st runner-up', 'State Represented', 'Hometown', 'Age'], 'data': [{'value': '1983', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1983', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 1983 , the first ever Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from the Lakeland Civic Auditorium in Lakeland , Florida on 30 August 1983 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Ruth Zakarian of New York was crowned Miss Teen USA , by Miss USA 1983 Julie Hayek and Miss Universe 1983 Lorraine Downes .'}]}, {'value': 'Tina Marrocco', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Virginia_Teen_USA', 'summary': 'The Miss Virginia Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Virginia in the Miss Teen USA pageant . Virginia is one of the more successful states at Miss Teen USA , and is placed in the top twenty in terms of number and value of placements . Their most successful decade was the 1980s . No Miss Virginia Teen USA has won the Miss Teen USA crown , but their highest placement came in the first year of competition , when Tina Marrocco placed 1st runner-up to Ruth Zakarian of New York . Virginia ties the record for the most Teens to cross over to win the Miss Virginia USA title and compete at Miss USA with eight in all . One of these is Kristi Lauren Glakas , a Triple Crown winner who competed at Miss USA 2004 and placed 3rd runner-up at Miss America 2006 . Amya Caldwell of Charlottesville was crowned Miss Virginia Teen USA 2020 on January 19 , 2020 at the Carpenter Theater in Richmond . She will represent Virginia for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'McLean', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McLean,_Virginia', 'summary': 'McLean ( /məˈkleɪn/ mə-KLAYN ) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place ( CDP ) in Fairfax County in Northern Virginia . McLean is home to many diplomats , businesspeople , members of Congress , and high-ranking government officials partially due to its proximity to Washington , D.C. and the Central Intelligence Agency . It is the location of Hickory Hill , the former home of Ethel Kennedy , the widow of Robert F. Kennedy . It is also the location of Salona , the former home of Light-Horse Harry Lee , the Revolutionary War hero . The community had an estimated total population of 53,673 in 2015 , according to estimates prepared by the United States Census Bureau . It is located between the Potomac River and the town of Vienna . McLean is often distinguished by its luxury homes and its nearby high-profit shopping destinations : the Tysons Corner Center and the Tysons Galleria . The two McLean zip codes - 22101 and 22102 - are among the most expensive ZIP Codes in Virginia and the United States . In 2018 , data from the American Community Survey revealed that McLean was the 3rd wealthiest city in the United States , based on its poverty rate of 2.6% and its median household income of $ 190,258 .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1984', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 1984 , the second Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from Memphis Cook Convention Center , Memphis , Tennessee on 3 April 1984 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Cherise Haugen of Illinois was crowned by outgoing queen Ruth Zakarian of New York .'}]}, {'value': 'Malia Yamamura', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hawaii', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Hawaii_Teen_USA', 'summary': 'The Miss Hawaii Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Hawaii in the Miss Teen USA pageant . Although Hawaii has made the cut fewer times than many states , they have achieved a number of high placings . Hawaii Teen USAs have been quite successful at Miss Teen USA , and are ranked fifteenth in terms of number and value of placements and were ranked third in the 1980s . Kelly Hu won the competition in 1985 and two Hawaii teens have placed 1st runner-up . Kelly Hu was the first Hawaii teen to cross over to Miss Hawaii USA , and she was also the most successful . Only two other Teens have competed at Miss USA . Kiʻilani Arruda of Kapaʻi was crowned Miss Hawaii Teen USA 2020 on November 10 , 2019 at Hawaii Convention Center in Honolulu . She will represent Hawaii for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'Honolulu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Honolulu', 'summary': 'Honolulu ( /ˌhɒnəˈluːluː/ ; Hawaiian : [ honoˈlulu ] ) is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Hawaii . It is an unincorporated part of and the county seat of the City and County of Honolulu along the southeast coast of the island of Oʻahu . [ a ] The city is the main gateway to Hawaiʻi and a major portal into the United States . The city is also a major hub for international business and military defense , as well as being host to a diverse variety of east-west and Pacific cultures , cuisine , and traditions . Honolulu is the remotest city of its size in the world , and is the westernmost and southernmost major U.S. city . For statistical purposes , the United States Census Bureau recognizes the approximate area commonly referred to as City of Honolulu ( not to be confused with the City and County ) as a census county division ( CCD ) . Honolulu is a major financial center of the islands and of the Pacific Ocean . The population of the Honolulu census designated place ( CDP ) was 359,870 as of the 2017 population estimate , while the Honolulu CCD was 390,738 and the population of the consolidated city and county was 953,207 . Honolulu means sheltered harbor or calm port in Hawaiian . The old name is Kou , a district roughly encompassing the area from Nuʻuanu Avenue to Alakea Street and from Hotel Street to Queen Street which is the heart of the present downtown district . The city has been the capital of the Hawaiian Islands since 1845 and gained historical recognition following the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan near the city on December 7 , 1941 . As of 2015 [ update ] , Honolulu was ranked high on world livability rankings , and was also ranked as the 2nd safest city in the U.S .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1985', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 1985 , the third Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from the James L. Knight International Center Arena in Miami , Florida on 22 January 1985 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Kelly Hu of Hawaii was crowned by outgoing queen Cherise Haugen of Illinois .'}]}, {'value': 'Emily Ernst', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wyoming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Wyoming_Teen_USA', 'summary': "The Miss Wyoming Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Wyoming in the Miss Teen USA pageant . Wyoming 's highest placement was at Miss Teen USA 1985 when Emily Ernst placed first runner-up to Kelly Hu of Hawaii . Five Miss Wyoming Teen USA winners have gone on to win the Miss Wyoming USA title and compete at Miss USA . Baylee Drewry of Greybull was crowned Miss Wyoming Teen USA 2020 on September 14 , 2019 at John F. Welsh Auditorium on Natrona County High School in Casper . She will represent Wyoming for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 on the spring of 2020 . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Gillette', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gillette,_Wyoming', 'summary': "Gillette is a city in and the county seat of Campbell County , Wyoming , United States . The population was estimated at 30,560 as of July 1 , 2017 . Gillette is centrally located in an area involved with the development of vast quantities of American coal , oil , and coalbed methane gas . The city calls itself the Energy Capital of the Nation , noting that the state of Wyoming provides nearly 35% of the nation 's coal . Over the last decade , Gillette had a population increase of 48% from the 2000 census of 19,646 residents ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1986', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 1986 , the 4th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from Ocean Center , Daytona Beach , Florida on January 21 , 1986 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Allison Brown of Oklahoma was crowned by outgoing queen Kelly Hu of Hawaii . This was the first year the pageant was held in Daytona Beach , although it had been staged in Miami the previous year . The pageant was hosted by Michael Young , the host from 1983-1984 who returned from hosting after a break in 1985 . Colour commentary was provided by Morgan Brittany , and there was entertainment from The Commodores .'}]}, {'value': 'Becky Pestana', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Texas_Teen_USA', 'summary': 'The Miss Texas Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Texas in the Miss Teen USA pageant . This pageant is part of the Miss Universe Organization , owned by William Morris Endeavor ( also known as WME ) . Texas is in the top 5 most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms of number and value of placements . Alongside Oregon they are the only two states to have produced three winners . Anissa Mendez of Laredo was crowned Miss Texas Teen USA 2020 on December 1 , 2019 at Hilton Post Oak Hotel in Houston . She will represent Texas for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'San Antonio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas', 'summary': "San Antonio ( /ˌsæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ/ ; from Spanish , Saint Anthony , Spanish pronunciation : [ sa.n‿anˈto.njo ] ) , officially the City of San Antonio , is the seventh-most populous city in the United States , and the second-most populous city in both Texas and the Southern United States , with more than 1.5 million residents . Founded as a Spanish mission and colonial outpost in 1718 , the city became the first chartered civil settlement in present-day Texas in 1731 . The area was still part of the Spanish Empire , and later of the Mexican Republic . It is the state 's oldest municipality , having celebrated its 300th anniversary on May 1 , 2018 . The city 's deep history is contrasted with its rapid growth over the past few decades . It was the fastest-growing of the top ten largest cities in the United States from 2000 to 2010 , and the second from 1990 to 2000 . Straddling the regional divide between South and Central Texas , San Antonio anchors the southwestern corner of an urban megaregion colloquially known as the Texas Triangle . The Greater San Antonio and Greater Austin areas are separated from each other by 80 miles along Interstate 35 between which lie the city of New Braunfels , Texas . San Antonio serves as the seat of Bexar County ; San Antonio is the center of the San Antonio-New Braunfels metropolitan statistical area . Commonly called Greater San Antonio , the metro area has a population of 2,473,974 based on the 2017 U.S. census estimate , making it the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the United States and third-largest in Texas . San Antonio was named by a 1691 Spanish expedition for Saint Anthony of Padua , whose feast day is June 13 . The city contains five 18th-century Spanish frontier missions , including The Alamo and San Antonio Missions National Historical Park , which together were designated UNESCO World Heritage sites in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1987', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 1987 , the 5th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from El Paso Civic Center , El Paso , Texas on July 21 , 1987 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Kristi Lynn Addis of Mississippi was crowned by outgoing queen Allison Brown of Oklahoma . This was the only year that the pageant was held in El Paso . It would not return to Texas until Miss Teen USA 1997 , the first of three years it was held on South Padre Island . The 1987 event was hosted by Michael Young , with colour commentary from Tracy Scoggins .'}]}, {'value': 'Peggy Blackwell', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_North_Carolina_Teen_USA', 'summary': "The Miss North Carolina Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of North Carolina in the Miss Teen USA pageant and is part of the RPM Productions group . North Carolina has been moderately successful at Miss Teen USA , but has never won the title . Their best placement was in 1987 , 2006 and 2016 when Peggy Blackwell , Melissa Lingafelt and Emily Wakeman placed first runner-up respectively . North Carolina 's greatest success came from the mid-1980s to early 1990s . Their most recent placement came in 2016 , when Emily Wakeman placed first runner-up . Five Miss North Carolina Teen USA 's has crossed over to win the Miss North Carolina USA title . The first was Chelsea Cooley , who went on to win the Miss USA title and place in the top 10 at Miss Universe . The second was Erin O ' Kelley , Miss North Carolina Teen USA 2001 who made the top 15 at Miss USA 2007 . The third was Julia Dalton who was a second runner up in Miss Teen USA 2008 . However , she did n't place at Miss USA 2015 . And the fourth was Katie Coble , a second runner up in Miss Teen USA 2007 and a non finalist in Miss USA 2017 . The fifth was Jane Axhoj , a second runner up in Miss Teen USA 2015 and will be pending to place in Miss USA 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Fayetteville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fayetteville,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Fayetteville ( /ˈfeɪətˌvɪl/ ) is a city in Cumberland County , North Carolina , United States . It is the county seat of Cumberland County , and is best known as the home of Fort Bragg , a major U.S. Army installation northwest of the city . Fayetteville has received the All-America City Award from the National Civic League three times . As of the 2010 census it had a population of 200,564 , with an estimated population of 209,468 in 2018 . It is the 6th-largest city in North Carolina . Fayetteville is in the Sandhills in the western part of the Coastal Plain region , on the Cape Fear River . With an estimated population in 2013 of 210,533 people , the Fayetteville metropolitan area is the largest in southeastern North Carolina , and the fifth-largest in the state . Suburban areas of metro Fayetteville include Fort Bragg , Hope Mills , Spring Lake , Raeford , Pope Field , Rockfish , Stedman , and Eastover . Fayetteville 's mayor is Mitch Colvin , who is serving his first term ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1988', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 1988 , the sixth Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from San Bernardino , California on July 25 , 1988 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Mindy Duncan of Oregon was crowned by outgoing queen Kristi Addis of Mississippi . This was the first of two years the pageant was held in San Bernardino . It was hosted by Dick Clark for the first time , He would later host the Miss USA Pageants from 1989 to 1993 and Miss Universe Pageants from 1990 to 1993 and returned to The Miss Teen USA Pageants in 1991 on CBS and remained as host until 1993 , with color commentary from Tracy Scoggins .'}]}, {'value': 'Jessica Collins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jessica_Collins_(actress_born_1971)', 'summary': "Jessica Collins ( born Jessica Lynn Capogna ; April 1 , 1971 ) is an American actress . She is best known for portraying Dinah Lee Mayberry on the ABC soap opera Loving ( 1991-1994 ) and Avery Bailey Clark on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless ( 2011-2015 ) . She also starred as Meredith Davies on Fox 's Tru Calling , and appeared in recurring and guest roles in many other shows ."}]}, {'value': 'New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_New_York_Teen_USA', 'summary': 'The Miss New York Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of New York in the Miss Teen USA pageant . It is directed by D & D Productions . New York is in the top 10 most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms of number and value of placements . The first Miss Teen USA competition was won by a Miss New York Teen USA . That winner was Ruth Zakarian , who went on to be an actress . Two New York teens have also placed 1st runner-up in the Miss Teen USA pageant . [ citation needed ] Five New York teens have also competed at Miss USA , including Zakarian who competed as Miss Teen USA in the Miss USA competition ( a short-lived tradition gave four Miss Teen USA titleholders this opportunity in the early 1980s ) . Two won the Miss New York USA crown , and one won the Miss Vermont USA title . [ citation needed ] In 1998 , Kimberly Pressler , Miss New York Teen USA 1994 , won the Miss New York USA 1999 title and went on to win the Miss USA 1999 pageant held in February the following year . Pressler later competed at Miss Universe 1999 and was the first Miss USA to miss the cut at Miss Universe since 1976 . [ citation needed ] New York is also one of only five states to have won the Miss Congeniality award at least two times . [ citation needed ] Maya Dominguez of Yonkers was crowned Miss New York Teen USA 2020 on January 19 , 2020 at The Performing Arts Center in Purchase College in Harrison .'}]}, {'value': 'Amsterdam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amsterdam_(city),_New_York', 'summary': 'Amsterdam is a city in Montgomery County , New York , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city had a population of 18,620 . The city is named after Amsterdam in the Netherlands . The City of Amsterdam is surrounded on the north , east , and west sides by the town of Amsterdam . The city developed on both sides of the Mohawk River , with the majority located on the north bank . The Port Jackson area on the south side is also part of the city .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1989', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 1989 , the 7th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from Orange Pavilion , San Bernardino , California on July 25 , 1989 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Brandi Sherwood of Idaho was crowned by outgoing titleholder Mindy Duncan of Oregon . This was the second and final year the pageant was held in San Bernardino . It was hosted by Wil Shriner , with color commentary from Marcia Strassman and Angela Visser , Miss Universe 1989 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kristie Dawn Hicks', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kentucky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Kentucky_Teen_USA', 'summary': 'The Miss Kentucky Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Kentucky in the Miss Teen USA pageant . Mattie Barker of Louisville was crowned Miss Kentucky Teen USA 2020 on February 1 , 2020 at The Center for Rural Development in Somerset . She will represent Kentucky for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bardstown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bardstown,_Kentucky', 'summary': "Bardstown is a home rule-class city in Nelson County , Kentucky , United States . The population was recorded as 11,700 by the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Nelson County . It is named for the pioneering Bard brothers . David Bard obtained a 1,000 acres ( 400 ha ) land grant in 1785 in what was then Jefferson County , Virginia , from Governor Patrick Henry . William Bard surveyed and platted the town . It was originally chartered as Baird 's Town in 1788 , and has also been known as Beardstown , and Beards Town ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1990', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 1990 , the eighth Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from Mississippi Gulf Coast Coliseum , Biloxi , Mississippi on July 16 , 1990 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Bridgette Wilson of Oregon was crowned by outgoing titleholder Brandi Sherwood of Idaho . 1990 marked the year that Oregon won the pageant for the second of three times in the history of the pageant . Oregon and Texas are the only states that have won more than two Miss Teen USA titles , Oregon : Mindy Duncan in 1988 , Bridgette Wilson in 1990 and Tami Farrell in 2003 . Texas : Christie Lee Woods in 1996 , Danielle Doty in 2011 , and Karlie Hay in 2016 . This was the first year the pageant was held at the Mississippi Gulf Coast Coliseum in Biloxi , where it would be held for the following four years . Sandy Duncan hosted the event for the only time , with color commentary by Leeza Gibbons and Miss Teen USA 1985 Kelly Hu . Music was provided by the Gulf Coast Teen Orchestra . Duncan was the first female host of an American beauty pageant .'}]}, {'value': 'Marla Johnson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alaska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Alaska_Teen_USA', 'summary': 'Miss Alaska Teen USA is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Alaska in the Miss Teen USA pageant and the name of the title held by that winner . The pageant is part of the Miss Universe Organization which also holds the Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants . The Miss Alaska Teen USA pageant is generally held in the late fall or early winter in Anchorage , Alaska together with the Miss Alaska USA . The current directors are former titleholders and sisters Rachel Saldana ( 2002 ) and Sonja Garness ( 2005 ) . There are three categories of competition which include Personality Interview , Swimsuit , and Evening gown . The fourth judging category is the on-stage impromptu question that is completed by the top five finalists . Alaska has never won Miss Teen USA title , with only three teens making the semi-finals or better . However , Marla Johnston placed 1st runner-up to Bridgette Wilson of Oregon at Miss Teen USA 1990 . The other two placements are recent , coming in 2003 and 2005 . Alaska has not won any special awards . Three Alaska teens later won the Miss Alaska USA title . Jadyn Fraser of Alaska was crowned Miss Alaska Teen USA 2020 on November 2 , 2019 at Wendy Williamson Auditorium on the UAA Campus in Anchorage .'}]}, {'value': 'Anchorage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska', 'summary': "Anchorage ( officially called the Municipality of Anchorage ; Dena'ina : Dgheyay Kaq ' ) is a unified home rule municipality in the U.S. state of Alaska , on the West Coast of the United States . With an estimated 291,538 residents in 2018 , it is Alaska 's most populous city and contains more than 40% of the state 's population ; among the 50 states , only New York has a higher percentage of residents who live in its most populous city . The Anchorage metropolitan area , which includes Anchorage and the neighboring Matanuska-Susitna Borough , had a population of 399,148 in 2018 , accounting for more than half the state 's population . At 1,706 square miles ( 4,420 km2 ) of land area , the city is the fourth-largest by area in the United States and larger than the smallest state , Rhode Island , which has 1,212 square miles ( 3,140 km2 ) . Anchorage is in Southcentral Alaska , at the terminus of the Cook Inlet , on a peninsula formed by the Knik Arm to the north and the Turnagain Arm to the south . The city limits span 1,961.1 square miles ( 5,079.2 km2 ) , encompassing the urban core , a joint military base , several outlying communities and almost all of Chugach State Park . Due to its location , almost equidistant from New York City and Tokyo , Anchorage lies within \u200b9 1⁄2 hours by air of nearly 90% of the industrialized world . For this reason , Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport is a common refueling stop for international cargo flights and home to a major FedEx hub , which the company calls a critical part of its global network of services . Anchorage has won the All-America City Award four times : in 1956 , 1965 , 1984-85 , and 2002 , from the National Civic League . Kiplinger has named it the United States ' most tax-friendly city ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1991', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 1991 , the 9th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from the Mississippi Gulf Coast Coliseum in Biloxi , Mississippi on 19 August 1991 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Janel Bishop of New Hampshire was crowned by outgoing titleholder Bridgette Wilson of Oregon . Bishop is the first African American winner ever and the first titleholder from New Hampshire . The pageant was hosted by Dick Clark ( who last hosted it in 1988 and was already also hosting Miss USA & Miss Universe Pageants on CBS ) , with color commentary by Leeza Gibbons and Miss Teen USA 1985 Kelly Hu for the second time . Music was provided by the Gulf Coast Teen Orchestra . This was the second of five years that the pageant was held in Biloxi . After the city hosted Miss Teen USA 1990 , it entered negotiations with the Miss Universe company in October 1990 to host the pageant for a further four years , and an announcement to that effect was made in early November .'}]}, {'value': 'Meredith Young', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Georgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Georgia_Teen_USA', 'summary': 'The Miss Georgia Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Georgia in the Miss Teen USA pageant . This pageant is directed Greenwood Productions under the ownership of Miss Tennessee USA 1989 Kim Greenwood . The pageant is hosted on McDonough , Georgia . Georgia is in the top 5 most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms of number and value of placements . Despite this , like their sister pageant , Miss Georgia USA , they have never won the competition despite having placed 2nd , 3rd , 4th , and 5th as well as several finalist and semi-finalist spots . They have never won any of the main awards , but did win Style awards in 1999 and 2000 . Four Georgia teens later won the Miss Georgia USA crown , and two others won the Miss Indiana USA and Miss Virginia USA titles , respectively . Kelly Jerles , the first Miss Georgia Teen USA , became the first Teen titleholder to compete at Miss America , representing Georgia in 1987 . Another Georgia teen also competed for Alabama at that pageant . Shayla Jackson of Valdosta was crowned Miss Georgia Teen USA 2020 on November 23 , 2019 at Henry County Performing Arts Center Theatre in McDonough . She will represent Georgia for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'Cairo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cairo,_Georgia', 'summary': 'Cairo ( /ˈkeɪroʊ/ ) is a city in Grady County , Georgia , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city had a population of 9,607 . The city is the county seat of Grady County .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1992', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 1992 , the 10th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from the Mississippi Coast Coliseum in Biloxi , Mississippi on 25 August 1992 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Jamie Solinger of Iowa was crowned by outgoing queen Janel Bishop of New Hampshire . Jamie is the first Miss Teen USA from Iowa . The pageant was hosted by Dick Clark for the third of four years , with color commentary by Leeza Gibbons in her third and final year , and Miss Teen USA 1990 Bridgette Wilson , for the only time . Music was provided by the Gulf Coast Teen Orchestra for the third consecutive year .'}]}, {'value': 'Angela Logan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oklahoma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Oklahoma_Teen_USA', 'summary': "The Miss Oklahoma Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Oklahoma in the Miss Teen USA pageant . This pageant is directed by Vanbros and Associates , headquartered in Lenexa , Kansas . In 1997 , Oklahoma joined the Vanbros group of state pageants for the Miss USA and Teen USA system . Oklahoma is in the top 5 most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms of number and value of placements . Oklahoma 's best performance came in the 1980s through the early 1990s . After Oklahoma was taken over by Vanbros there was a six-year lapse , before Nikki Carver brought the state back into the semi-finals in 2003 . The state 's most recent placement was in 2019 , when Abigail Billings finished in the top 15 . Oklahoma has produced one Miss Teen USA , Allison Brown , who won in 1986 . Four Oklahoma teens have crossed over to win the Miss Oklahoma USA title and compete at Miss USA , with Morgan Woolard being the most successful with a 1st runner-up placement at Miss USA 2010 . Danika Christopherson of Lawton was crowned Miss Oklahoma Teen USA 2020 on December 22 , 2019 at The Grand Casino Hotel Resort in Shawnee . She will represent Oklahoma for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Oklahoma City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oklahoma_City', 'summary': "Oklahoma City ( /oʊkləˌhoʊmə -/ ) , often shortened to OKC , is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Oklahoma . The county seat of Oklahoma County , the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population . The population grew following the 2010 Census , with the population estimated to have increased to 649,021 as of July 2018 . The Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,396,445 , and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,469,124 residents , making it Oklahoma 's largest municipality and metropolitan area by population . Oklahoma City 's city limits extend somewhat into Canadian , Cleveland , and Pottawatomie counties , though much of those areas outside the core Oklahoma County area are suburban tracts or protected rural zones ( watershed ) . The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by total area when including consolidated city-counties ; it is the second largest city in the United States by total area , following Houston , when not including consolidated cities . Lying in the Great Plains region , Oklahoma City has one of the world 's largest livestock markets . Oil , natural gas , petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy . The city is in the middle of an active oil field and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds . The federal government employs large numbers of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation 's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center ( these two sites house several offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department 's Enterprise Service Center , respectively ) . Oklahoma City is on the I-35 Corridor , which is one of the primary travel corridors south into neighboring Texas and Mexico and north towards Wichita and Kansas City . Located in the state 's Frontier Country region , the city 's northeast section lies in an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1993', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 1993 , the 11th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from the Mississippi Gulf Coast Coliseum in Biloxi , Mississippi on 10 August 1993 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Charlotte Lopez of Vermont was crowned by outgoing titleholder Jamie Solinger of Iowa . The pageant was hosted by Dick Clark for the fourth and final year , with color commentary by Arthel Neville and Miss Teen USA 1985 Kelly Hu for the final time . Music was provided by the Gulf Coast Teen Orchestra . This was the fourth of five years that the pageant was held in Biloxi . Contestants arrived on 26 June and were involved in two weeks of events and preliminary competition prior to the final broadcast , such as pre-taping scenes along the Mississippi coast , and being involved in an autograph signing party .'}]}, {'value': 'Kelly Lloyd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Indiana_Teen_USA', 'summary': "The Miss Indiana Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Indiana in the Miss Teen USA pageant . This pageant is independently conducted and produced by Sanders & Associates based in Buckhannon , West Virginia . Indiana had a slow start at Miss Teen USA , and did not place until 1991 . That placement became the first of a four-year streak , which included three semi-finalist and one 1st runner-up placings . Six Indiana teens have gone on to win the Miss Indiana USA crown , more than most other states . The most successful of these , Kelly Lloyd , who achieved Indiana 's highest ever Miss Teen USA placement also went on to earn one of Miss Indiana USA 's highest placements in 2002 . Even more notable , Lloyd was a Triple Crown winner . Jinnie Tomes of Indianapolis was crowned Miss Indiana Teen USA 2020 on November 24 , 2019 at Grand Wayne Convention Center in Fort Wayne . She will represent Indiana for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Indianapolis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana', 'summary': "Indianapolis ( /ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs/ ) , often shortened to Indy , is the state capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County . According to 2018 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau , the consolidated population of Indianapolis and Marion County was 876,862 . The balance population , which excludes semi-autonomous municipalities in Marion County , was 867,125 . It is the 17th most populous city in the U.S . The Indianapolis metropolitan area is the 34th most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. , with 2,048,703 residents . Its combined statistical area ranks 28th , with a population of 2,431,361 . Indianapolis covers 368 square miles ( 950 km2 ) , making it the 16th largest city by land area in the U.S. Indigenous peoples inhabited the area dating to approximately 2000 BC . In 1818 , the Delaware relinquished their tribal lands in the Treaty of St. Mary 's . In 1821 , Indianapolis was founded as a planned city for the new seat of Indiana 's state government . The city was platted by Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham on a 1-square-mile ( 2.6 km2 ) grid next to the White River . Completion of the National and Michigan roads and arrival of rail later solidified the city 's position as a manufacturing and transportation hub . Two of the city 's nicknames reflect its historical ties to transportation - the Crossroads of America and Railroad City ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1994', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 1994 , the 12th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from the Mississippi Gulf Coast Coliseum in Biloxi , Mississippi on 16 August 1994 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Shauna Gambill of California was crowned by outgoing queen Charlotte Lopez of Vermont . The pageant was hosted by Bob Goen for the first of three years , with color commentary by Daisy Fuentes and Jamie Solinger , Miss Teen USA 1992 . Music was provided by the Gulf Coast Teen Orchestra . This was the fifth and final year that the pageant was held in Biloxi .'}]}, {'value': 'Whitney Fuller', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Georgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Georgia_Teen_USA', 'summary': 'The Miss Georgia Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Georgia in the Miss Teen USA pageant . This pageant is directed Greenwood Productions under the ownership of Miss Tennessee USA 1989 Kim Greenwood . The pageant is hosted on McDonough , Georgia . Georgia is in the top 5 most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms of number and value of placements . Despite this , like their sister pageant , Miss Georgia USA , they have never won the competition despite having placed 2nd , 3rd , 4th , and 5th as well as several finalist and semi-finalist spots . They have never won any of the main awards , but did win Style awards in 1999 and 2000 . Four Georgia teens later won the Miss Georgia USA crown , and two others won the Miss Indiana USA and Miss Virginia USA titles , respectively . Kelly Jerles , the first Miss Georgia Teen USA , became the first Teen titleholder to compete at Miss America , representing Georgia in 1987 . Another Georgia teen also competed for Alabama at that pageant . Shayla Jackson of Valdosta was crowned Miss Georgia Teen USA 2020 on November 23 , 2019 at Henry County Performing Arts Center Theatre in McDonough . She will represent Georgia for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sautee Nacoochee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sautee_Nacoochee,_Georgia', 'summary': 'Sautee Nacoochee ( or Sautee-Nacoochee ) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in White County , Georgia , United States , near Sautee Creek in the Appalachian foothills of northeast Georgia , approximately 95 miles ( 153 km ) north of Atlanta . The nearest incorporated town is the tourist destination of Helen .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1995', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 1995 , the 13th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from the Century II Convention Center in Wichita , Kansas on 15 August 1995 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Keylee Sue Sanders of Kansas was crowned by outgoing queen Shauna Gambill of California . The pageant was hosted by Bob Goen for the second year , with color commentary by Maty Monfort and entertainment by All-4-One . This was the only year that the pageant was held in Wichita , which also held the Miss USA pageant from 1990-1994 , and it was the first time that a delegate won the Miss Teen USA title in her home state .'}]}, {'value': 'Katie Aselton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Katie_Aselton', 'summary': "Kathryn Aselton ( born October 1 , 1978 ) is an American actress , film director and producer . She directed and co-starred in The Freebie , which was shown in the non-competition Next category at the Sundance Film Festival in 2010 . She also starred in the FX sitcom The League for its seven season run from 2009 to 2015 , and in the first two seasons of FX 's Marvel Comics X-Men drama Legion ."}]}, {'value': 'Maine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Maine_Teen_USA', 'summary': 'The Miss Maine Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Maine in the Miss Teen USA pageant . The pageant is directed by The Clemente Organization . Maine is one of the least successful states at Miss Teen USA , having placed only four times . Their highest placement was in 1995 , when Katie Aselton finished 1st runner-up to Keylee Sue Sanders . Four Maine teens have gone on to win the Miss Maine USA title , and five competed at Miss USA . Grace Morey of Deer Isle was crowned Miss Maine Teen USA 2020 on November 10 , 2019 at Portland Marriott at Sable Oaks in Portland . She will represent Maine for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'Milbridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Milbridge,_Maine', 'summary': 'Milbridge is a town in Washington County , Maine , United States at the mouth of the Narraguagus River . The population was 1,353 at the 2010 census . The town was incorporated in 1848 .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1996', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 1996 , the 14th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from Las Cruces , New Mexico on 21 August 1996 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Christie Lee Woods of Texas was crowned by outgoing queen Keylee Sue Sanders of Kansas . The pageant was hosted by Bob Goen for the third and final year , with color commentary by Shari Belafonte and entertainment from The Monkees . This was the only year that the pageant was held in Las Cruces , although Albuquerque had previously played host to the 1987 Miss USA pageant .'}]}, {'value': 'Patricia Campbell', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Pennsylvania_Teen_USA', 'summary': "The Miss Pennsylvania Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Pennsylvania in the Miss Teen USA pageant . This pageant is independently conducted and produced by Sanders & Associates , Inc. , dba- Pageant Associates based in Buckhannon , West Virginia . Pennsylvania has been reasonably successful at Miss Teen USA . Their best decade was the 1990s , when they ranked fifth-equal in terms of number and value of placements . All but three of this state 's placements came in the 1990s , with only one placement in the 1980s and two in the 2000s . The placement in 2000 was their best , however , when Jillian Parry captured the Miss Teen USA crown . Three Pennsylvania teens have crossed over to win the Miss Pennsylvania USA title and compete at Miss USA . Kiara Lin of Cranberry Township was crowned Miss Pennsylvania Teen USA 2020 on November 3 , 2019 at Pasquerilla Performing Arts Center in Johnstown . She will represent Pennsylvania for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia', 'summary': "Philadelphia , known colloquially as Philly , is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , and the sixth-most populous U.S. city with a 2018 census-estimated population of 1,584,138 . Since 1854 , the city has had the same geographic boundaries as Philadelphia County , the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area , with over 6 million residents as of 2017 [ update ] . Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley , located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers , within the Northeast megalopolis . The Delaware Valley 's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States . Philadelphia is one of the oldest municipalities in the United States . William Penn , an English Quaker , founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States , who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress , and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 . Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress , the preservation of the Liberty Bell , the Battle of Germantown , and the Siege of Fort Mifflin . Philadelphia remained the nation 's largest city until being overtaken by New York City in 1790 ; the city was also one of the nation 's capitals during the revolution , serving as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. was under construction . In the 19th century , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub . The city grew from an influx of European immigrants , most of whom came from Ireland , Italy and Germany - the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015 [ update ] . In the early 20th century , Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War , as well as Puerto Ricans ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1997', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 1997 , the 15th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from South Padre Island , Texas on 20 August , 1997 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Shelly Moore of Tennessee was crowned by outgoing queen Christie Lee Woods of Texas . The pageant was hosted by J. Eddie Peck , with color commentary by Ivanka Trump , daughter of new pageant owner Donald Trump . This was the first year since 1988 that there was no special entertainment .'}]}, {'value': 'Autumn Waterbury', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Illinois', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Illinois_Teen_USA', 'summary': "The Miss Illinois Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Illinois in the Miss Teen USA pageant . It is directed by Vanbros and Associates and is previously directed by D & D Productions from 2001 to 2014 before becoming part of Vanbros organization in 2014 , headquartered in Lenexa , Kansas . Illinois is in the top ten states in terms of number and value of placements over the thirty-seven years of the Miss Teen USA competition . Illinois ties with Florida for the most Miss Photogenic awards won at Miss Teen USA ( 3 ) and has won more awards than any other state . Like the Miss USA Pageant , Illinois went on to win the Miss Teen USA title in the second edition of the pageant . Three Illinois teens have competed at Miss USA , although none won the Miss Illinois USA title . The first was Cherise Haugen , Illinois ' only Miss Teen USA , who competed as Miss Teen USA at the 1985 pageant ( the first few Miss Teen USAs were given this opportunity ) . Later two more would compete at the Miss USA pageant , representing Vanbros states : Terri Bollinger represented Missouri in 1999 and Anne-Marie Dixon Oklahoma in 1998 . Vanbros is a pageant production company that owns the Miss Teen USA franchises for , and produces and directs , several state pageants in the Midwest . The Miss Illinois Teen USA Pageant has been the single largest official state preliminary competition with over 150 contestants every year since at least 2002 and has always ranked among the top ten largest state preliminary pageants . [ citation needed ] Victoria Blair Rhemrev of Chicago was crowned Miss Illinois Teen USA 2020 on September 2 , 2019 at Braden Auditorium in Bloomington-Normal . She will represent Illinois for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 on the spring of 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Marion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marion,_Illinois', 'summary': 'Marion is a city in and the county seat of Williamson County , Illinois , United States . The population was 17,193 at the 2010 census . It is part of a dispersed urban area that developed out of the early 20th-century coal fields . Today Marion serves as the largest retail trade center in Southern Illinois with its central location along Interstate 57 and Illinois Route 13 . It is home to the Illinois Star Centre mall and the Southern Illinois Miners baseball team . It was dubbed the Hub of the Universe by former mayor the late Robert L. Butler . The city is part of the Marion-Herrin Micropolitan Area and is a part of the Carbondale-Marion-Herrin , Illinois Combined Statistical Area with 123,272 residents , the sixth most populous Combined statistical area in Illinois .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1998', 'summary': "Miss Teen USA 1998 , the 16th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from Shreveport , Louisiana on 17 August 1998 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Vanessa Minnillo of South Carolina was crowned by outgoing queen Shelly Moore of Tennessee . The pageant was hosted by Mario Lopez with color commentary by Ali Landry and Julie Moran . Landry held the Miss Louisiana Teen USA 1990 , Miss Louisiana USA 1996 and Miss USA 1996 titles , making the semi-finals at Miss Teen USA 1990 pageant before winning Miss USA 1996 . During the pageant there was entertainment by N'Sync ."}]}, {'value': 'Bridgett Jordan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Tennessee_Teen_USA', 'summary': 'The Miss Tennessee Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state Tennessee in the Miss Teen USA pageant . The pageant is directed by Greenwood Productions under the ownership of Miss Tennessee USA 1989 , Kimberly Payne Greenwood , since 1992 . Tennessee is in the top 5 most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms of number and value of placements . In the 1990s , they were placed first . They have the third ( equal ) highest number of semi-finalist ( or better ) placings and are one of only five states to have received more than three awards . Five Tennessee teens have gone on to win the Miss Tennessee USA title and compete at Miss USA , including Lynnette Cole , who won the Miss USA title in 2000 and Rachel Smith , Miss USA 2007 . Both Cole and Smith won Miss Photogenic awards at Miss Teen USA , each five years prior to their Miss USA win . This makes Miss Tennessee Teen USA the only state and pageant to have two Miss USAs win the Miss Photogenic award at Miss Teen USA . Ansley Ecker of Memphis was crowned Miss Tennessee Teen USA 2020 on October 12 , 2019 at Austin Peay State University in Clarksville . She will represent Tennessee for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 on the spring of 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'Collierville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Collierville,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Collierville is a town in Shelby County , Tennessee , United States , and a suburb located in the Memphis metropolitan area . It had a population of 43,965 at the 2010 census , making it the state 's largest town by population in that Census . Collierville is a town of large houses and considerable retail expansion . Smaller , older houses are still found in the heart of Collierville , mainly between Byhalia Road and Collierville-Arlington on the east and west and Shelton and Highway 72 on the north and south . Some industry , notably Pepsi and Carrier , still dots the areas located south of Poplar Avenue . The town is also home to the Avenue at Carriage Crossing , an 800,000+ sq ft shopping center that opened in October 2005 . Baptist Hospital , Collierville , serves the medical needs of the town 's residents . Collierville will become part of the Interstate 69 highway plan integrating Bill Morris Parkway ( SR 385 ) as Interstate 269 , part of this USDOT project linking Canada and Mexico with the United States . Collierville was chosen as one of Relocate-America 's Top 100 Places to Live in 2008 . In 2014 , Collierville 's historic town square was ranked by Parade Magazine as the Best Main Street in America ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_1999', 'summary': "Miss Teen USA 1999 , the 17th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from Shreveport , Louisiana on 24 August 1999 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Ashley Coleman of Delaware was crowned by outgoing queen Vanessa Minnillo of South Carolina . The pageant was hosted by newcomer Carson Daly with color commentary by Ali Landry and Julie Moran for the second year . Landry held the Miss Louisiana Teen USA 1990 , Miss Louisiana USA 1996 and Miss USA 1996 titles , making the semi-finals at Miss Teen USA 1990 pageant before winning Miss USA 1996 . During the pageant there were performances by Britney Spears and N'Sync . This was the second year that N'Sync provided entertainment ."}]}, {'value': 'Sarah Thornhill', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louisiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Louisiana_Teen_USA', 'summary': "The Miss Louisiana Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Louisiana in the Miss Teen USA pageant . Louisiana is in the top 10 most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms of number and value of placements . Notable former Miss Louisiana Teen USA titleholders are Miss USA 1996 Ali Landry , Miss Teen USA 2004 Shelley Hennig , Miss Teen USA 2015 Katherine Haik , and Jennifer Dupont , who placed first runner-up at Miss America 2005 . Landry and Hennig have gone on to successful acting careers . Candice Stewart , Miss Louisiana Teen USA 2002 was a contestant on CBS 's Big Brother 15 in 2013 . At 15 , Haik is the youngest woman to win the Miss Teen USA title . Miss Louisiana Teen USA is produced by RPM Productions since 1990 , which also produces the Miss USA and Miss Teen USA state pageants for Alabama , North Carolina and South Carolina . Sydney Taylor of Livingston was crowned Miss Louisiana Teen USA 2020 on October 19 , 2019 at Lafon Performing Arts Center in Luling . She will represent Louisiana for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 on the spring of 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Slidell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slidell,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Slidell /slaɪˈdɛl/ is a city on the northeast shore of Lake Pontchartrain in St. Tammany Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 27,068 at the 2010 census . Greater Slidell has a population of about 90,000 . It is part of the New Orleans−Metairie−Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_2000', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 2000 , the 18th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from Shreveport , Louisiana on August 26 , 2000 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Jillian Parry of Pennsylvania was crowned by outgoing queen Ashley Coleman of Delaware . The pageant was hosted by newcomer Brian McFayden with color commentary by Ali Landry and Julie Moran for the third year . Landry held the Miss Louisiana Teen USA 1990 , Miss Louisiana USA 1996 and Miss USA 1996 titles , making the semi-finals at Miss Teen USA 1990 pageant before winning Miss USA 1996 . During the pageant there were performances by Rachel Lampa , 98 Degrees and Westlife .'}]}, {'value': "Nicole O'Brian", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Nicole_O'Brian", 'summary': "Claudia Nicole O'Brian ( born August 10 , 1982 ) is a former beauty queen and reality television show contestant from Friendswood , Texas , who has competed in the Miss Teen USA and Miss USA pageants . O'Brian was crowned Miss Texas Teen USA 2000 in a state pageant held Thanksgiving weekend 1999 in Houston , Texas . She had placed third runner-up to Misty Giles the year previously . In August 2000 , O'Brian competed in the Miss Teen USA pageant held in Shreveport , Louisiana , where she became the third Texas teen in succession to make the semi-finals . O'Brian won the swimsuit portion of the semi-final competition ( 9.34 ) , and was third in evening gown ( 9.33 ) , and had the highest average combined score going into the final round . In that section , she slipped to third behind Kristen Johnson of Kentucky and Jillian Parry of Pennsylvania . At the conclusion of the competition , O'Brian finished 1st runner-up to Parry , Texas ' highest placement since 1996 when Christie Lee Woods was crowned Miss Teen USA . She gave up her Texas title to Katherine Perallo later that year . Only eight months later , O'Brian competed in the Miss Texas USA 2002 pageant as Miss Southeast Texas USA but did not place . The following year won the Miss Bay Area USA title and went on to win the Miss Texas USA 2003 crown , in Lubbock , Texas , on July 15 , 2002 . She was only 19 at the time , one of the youngest titleholders in the history of the pageant . She was only the third person to win both the Teen and Miss titles ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Texas_Teen_USA', 'summary': 'The Miss Texas Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Texas in the Miss Teen USA pageant . This pageant is part of the Miss Universe Organization , owned by William Morris Endeavor ( also known as WME ) . Texas is in the top 5 most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms of number and value of placements . Alongside Oregon they are the only two states to have produced three winners . Anissa Mendez of Laredo was crowned Miss Texas Teen USA 2020 on December 1 , 2019 at Hilton Post Oak Hotel in Houston . She will represent Texas for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'Friendswood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Friendswood,_Texas', 'summary': "Friendswood is a city in the U.S. state of Texas . It is part of the Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land metropolitan area . The city lies in Galveston and Harris Counties . As of the 2010 census , the population of Friendswood was 35,805 . In 2007 , CNN/Money magazine listed Friendswood as one of 100 America 's Best Places to Live for that year , making it one of 900 small towns recognized since the rankings first began in 2005 ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_2001', 'summary': 'Miss Teen USA 2001 , the 19th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from South Padre Convention Island Center , South Padre Island , Texas on 22 August 2001 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Marissa Whitley of Missouri was crowned by outgoing queen Jillian Parry of Pennsylvania .'}]}, {'value': 'Gloria Almonte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gloria_Almonte', 'summary': 'Gloria Sophia Almonte ( born July 19 , 1983 in The Bronx , New York City ) is an American beauty queen who represented New York at Miss Teen USA 2001 and Miss USA 2007 and represented Carolina municipality at Miss Puerto Rico Universe 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_New_York_Teen_USA', 'summary': 'The Miss New York Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of New York in the Miss Teen USA pageant . It is directed by D & D Productions . New York is in the top 10 most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms of number and value of placements . The first Miss Teen USA competition was won by a Miss New York Teen USA . That winner was Ruth Zakarian , who went on to be an actress . Two New York teens have also placed 1st runner-up in the Miss Teen USA pageant . [ citation needed ] Five New York teens have also competed at Miss USA , including Zakarian who competed as Miss Teen USA in the Miss USA competition ( a short-lived tradition gave four Miss Teen USA titleholders this opportunity in the early 1980s ) . Two won the Miss New York USA crown , and one won the Miss Vermont USA title . [ citation needed ] In 1998 , Kimberly Pressler , Miss New York Teen USA 1994 , won the Miss New York USA 1999 title and went on to win the Miss USA 1999 pageant held in February the following year . Pressler later competed at Miss Universe 1999 and was the first Miss USA to miss the cut at Miss Universe since 1976 . [ citation needed ] New York is also one of only five states to have won the Miss Congeniality award at least two times . [ citation needed ] Maya Dominguez of Yonkers was crowned Miss New York Teen USA 2020 on January 19 , 2020 at The Performing Arts Center in Purchase College in Harrison .'}]}, {'value': 'Bronx', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bronx,_New_York', 'summary': "The Bronx ( /brɒŋks/ ) is a borough of New York City , coterminous with Bronx County , in the U.S. state of New York , the third-most densely populated county in the United States . It is south of Westchester County ; northeast and east of Manhattan , across the Harlem River ; and north of Queens , across the East River . The Bronx has a land area of 42 square miles ( 109 km2 ) and a population of 1,432,132 in 2018 . Of the five boroughs , it has the fourth-largest area , fourth-highest population , and third-highest population density . It is the only borough predominantly on the U.S. mainland . If each borough were ranked as a city , the Bronx would rank as the eighth-most populous in the U.S . The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a hillier section in the west , and a flatter eastern section . East and west street names are divided by Jerome Avenue . The West Bronx was annexed to New York City in 1874 , and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895 . Bronx County was separated from New York County in 1914 . About a quarter of the Bronx 's area is open space , including Woodlawn Cemetery , Van Cortlandt Park , Pelham Bay Park , the New York Botanical Garden , and the Bronx Zoo in the borough 's north and center . These open spaces are situated primarily on land deliberately reserved in the late 19th century as urban development progressed north and east from Manhattan ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA_2002', 'summary': "Miss Teen USA 2002 , the 20th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from South Padre Island , Texas on 28 August 2002 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Miss Wisconsin Teen USA Vanessa Marie Semrow was crowned by outgoing queen Marissa Whitley of Missouri . This was the second consecutive year that the pageant was held on South Padre Island , although it had also been held there in 1997 . Semrow was only the second teenager from Wisconsin to place in the pageant , and the first to win the title . The state 's previous placement was in 1984 . In the years after the pageant , two delegates who competed at Miss Teen USA 2002 went on to win the Miss USA title . The class of 2002 is the first to produce two Miss USA winners . The first was Tara Conner of Kentucky , who placed second runner-up at Miss Teen USA 2002 and won the Miss USA 2006 pageant ; she was followed by Rachel Smith of Tennessee ( semi-finalist and Miss Photogenic at Miss Teen USA ) who won Miss USA 2007 . Both placed fourth runner-up in the Miss Universe pageant . A third contestant , fourth runner-up Kimberly Harlan of Georgia , competed at Miss World 2003 but did not place ."}]}, {'value': 'Jennifer Morgan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_California_Teen_USA', 'summary': "The Miss California Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of California in the Miss Teen USA pageant . This pageant is part of the Miss Universe Organization , owned by William Morris Endeavor ( also known as WME ) . [ citation needed ] California is in the top 5 most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms of number and value of placements . Miss California Teen USA titleholders have been invited to red-carpet movie premieres , such as that for Santa Clause 3 attended by Kylee Lin , and She 's the Man , attended by Jessica Powell . Zoe Hunt of Coronado , California was crowned Miss California Teen USA 2020 on January 26 , 2020 at Arcadia Performing Arts Center in Arcadia . She will represent California for the title of Miss Teen USA 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Alpine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine,_California', 'summary': 'Alpine is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in the Cuyamaca Mountains of San Diego County , California . Alpine had a population of 14,236 at the 2010 census , up from 13,143 at the 2000 census . The town is largely surrounded by the Cleveland National Forest and borders two reservations of the Kumeyaay Nation , Viejas and Sycuan , and the rural unincorporated areas of the city [ clarification needed ] of El Cajon .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'List of Miss Teen USA runners-up -- 1st runners-up', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Miss_Teen_USA_3', 'intro': 'Miss Teen USA is a beauty pageant run by the Miss Universe Organization for girls aged 14-19. Unlike its sister pageants Miss Universe and Miss USA, which are broadcast on Fox, this pageant is webcast on the Miss Teen USA website and simulcast on mobile devices and video game consoles. The pageant was first held in 1983 and has been broadcast live on CBS until 2002 and then on NBC from 2003-2007. In March 2007, it was announced that the broadcast of the Miss Teen USA pageant on NBC had not been renewed, and that Miss Teen USA 2007 would be the final televised event. From 2008-15, the pageant was held at the Atlantis Paradise Island Resort, located in Nassau, Bahamas. Notable pageant winners include actresses Kelly Hu (1985, Hawaii), Bridgette Wilson (1990, Oregon), Charlotte Lopez-Ayanna (1993, Vermont), Vanessa Minnillo (1998, South Carolina) and Shelley Hennig (2004, Louisiana). The current titleholder is Kaliegh Garris of Connecticut who was crowned on April 28, 2019 at Grand Sierra Resort in Reno, Nevada.'}	null	null	Kristie Dawn Hicks hails from a city originally known by what name ?	Baird 's Town
09fff8cb2dd5a067	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_general_election_records', 'title': 'United Kingdom general election records', 'header': ['Constituency', 'Election', 'MP', 'Position', 'Party'], 'data': [{'value': 'East Dunbartonshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Dunbartonshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': "East Dunbartonshire is a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( Westminster ) . It elects one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first past the post system of election . The seat is best known for formerly being the constituency of Jo Swinson , the former leader of the Liberal Democrats , from 2005-2015 and again from 2017-2019 . The current MP for the constituency is the Scottish National Party 's Amy Callaghan . The current constituency was first used at the 2005 general election . There was also an earlier East Dunbartonshire constituency , from 1950-83 ."}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jo Swinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jo_Swinson', 'summary': "Joanne Kate Swinson CBE ( born 5 February 1980 ) is a British politician who served as leader of the Liberal Democrats from 22 July to 13 December 2019 . She was the first woman and the youngest person to hold the position . She was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for East Dunbartonshire from 2005 to 2015 and from 2017 to 2019 . Swinson studied at the London School of Economics , and briefly worked in public relations , before being elected to the House of Commons , becoming the youngest MP at the time . She served as a Liberal Democrat Spokesperson covering various portfolios , including Scotland , Women and Equalities , Communities and Local Government , and Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs . In 2010 , after the Liberal Democrats entered into a coalition government with the Conservative Party , Swinson served as a Parliamentary Private Secretary to Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg , and was later appointed Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Employment Relations and Postal Affairs . She lost her seat in the 2015 election , but regained it in the snap election held two years later . Shortly after returning to Parliament , she was elected unopposed as Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats . In July 2019 , after the retirement of Vince Cable , Swinson defeated Ed Davey in a leadership election to become Leader of the Liberal Democrats . Swinson led her party through the 2019 general election shortly afterwards , suggesting she could lead a Liberal Democrat majority government which would revoke Article 50 and cancel Brexit . Instead , Swinson lost her seat to the Scottish National Party and was disqualified from continuing as party leader . In her four and a half months as party leader , she became both the youngest leader in her party 's history , and its youngest ever ex-leader ."}]}, {'value': 'Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liberal Democrats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)', 'summary': "The Liberal Democrats ( Lib Dems ) are a liberal political party in the United Kingdom . The party currently has 11 Members of Parliament in the House of Commons , 94 members of the House of Lords , five Members of the Scottish Parliament and one member in each of the Welsh Assembly and the London Assembly . It was in a coalition government with the Conservative Party from 2010-15 . In 1981 , an electoral alliance was established between the Liberal Party , a group which was the direct descendant of the 18th-century Whigs , and the Social Democratic Party ( SDP ) , a splinter group from the Labour Party . In 1988 , the parties merged as the Social and Liberal Democrats , adopting their present name over a year later . Under the leadership of Paddy Ashdown and later Charles Kennedy , the party grew during the 1990s and 2000s , focusing its campaigns on specific seats and becoming the third-largest party in the House of Commons . Under the leadership of Nick Clegg , the Liberal Democrats were junior partners in David Cameron 's Conservative-led coalition government in which Clegg served as Deputy Prime Minister . Although it allowed them to implement some of their policies , the coalition damaged the Liberal Democrats ' electoral prospects and it suffered heavy losses at the 2015 general election . Since then , under the leaderships of Tim Farron , Sir Vince Cable and Jo Swinson , it has refocused itself as a party opposing Brexit . Positioned in the centre ground of British politics , the Liberal Democrats ideologically draw upon both liberalism and social democracy . Different factions have dominated the party at different points in its history , each with its own ideological bent , some leaning towards the centre-left and others the centre-right . The party calls for constitutional reform , including a transition from the first-past-the-post voting system to proportional representation ."}]}, {'value': 'Belfast North', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belfast_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Belfast North is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons . The current MP is John Finucane of Sinn Féin .'}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nigel Dodds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nigel_Dodds', 'summary': "Nigel Alexander Dodds OBE ( born 20 August 1958 ) is a Northern Ireland barrister and unionist politician . Dodds became North Belfast 's MP in the 2001 UK general election and served in that role until he was succeeded by Sinn Féin 's John Finucane in 2019 . He has served in the past as a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly , and as Minister of Finance in the Northern Ireland Executive . He has been deputy leader of the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) since June 2008 . He has been Lord Mayor of Belfast twice , and from 1993 has been General Secretary of the DUP ."}]}, {'value': 'Deputy leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DUP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party', 'summary': "The Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland favouring British identity . It was founded in 1971 during the Troubles by Ian Paisley , who led the party for the next 37 years . Now led by Arlene Foster , it is equal with Sinn Féin in having the most seats in the Northern Ireland Assembly , and it is the fifth-largest party in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom . The DUP evolved from the Protestant Unionist Party and has historically strong links to the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster , the church Paisley founded . During the Troubles , the DUP were opposed to power-sharing with Irish nationalists or republicans as a means of resolving the conflict , and likewise rejected attempts to involve the Republic of Ireland in Northern Irish affairs . It campaigned against the Sunningdale Agreement of 1973 , the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985 , and the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 . In 2006 , the DUP co-signed the St Andrews Agreement and agreed to share power with the republican party Sinn Fein who agreed to support the Police Service , courts , and rule of law . The party has been linked to various loyalist paramilitary groups , namely Ulster Resistance ( URM ) and Third Force . The URM was formed on 10 November 1986 by DUP politicians Paisley , Peter Robinson and Ivan Foster , with the stated aim to take direct action as and when required to bring down the Agreement and defeat republicanism . Recruitment rallies were held in towns across Northern Ireland and thousands were said to have joined . The following year , the URM helped smuggle a large shipment of weapons into Northern Ireland , which were shared out between the URM , the Ulster Volunteer Force ( UVF ) and the Ulster Defence Association ( UDA ) . In 1989 , URM members attempted to trade Shorts ' missile blueprints for weapons from the apartheid South African regime ."}]}, {'value': 'Moray', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moray_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Moray is a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It elects one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first past the post system of election . A rural constituency , Elgin is the main town , with the rest of the population sprinkled across several small fishing and farming communities . The constituency voted against Scottish independence in a referendum held in 2014 on an above-average margin of 57.6% No 42.4% Yes , and had the highest percentage for Leave of any council area in Scotland at the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum at 50.1% Remain 49.9% Leave .'}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Angus Robertson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angus_Robertson', 'summary': "Angus Struan Carolus Robertson ( born 28 September 1969 ) is a former Scottish politician who was the Depute Leader of the Scottish National Party ( SNP ) and was the party 's spokesperson on the Constitution in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom . He was first elected to the House of Commons in 2001 . In 2017 , he sought re-election as the MP for Moray and lost to Scottish Conservative candidate Douglas Ross . A graduate of the University of Aberdeen , Robertson previously worked as a journalist . He resigned his position as SNP depute leader in February 2018 , before launching the pro-independence think tank Progress Scotland in 2019 , alongside Mark Diffney ."}]}, {'value': 'Deputy leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SNP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scottish_National_Party', 'summary': "The Scottish National Party ( SNP ; Scottish Gaelic : Pàrtaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba , Scots : Scots National Pairtie ) is a Scottish nationalist , social-democratic political party in Scotland . The SNP supports and campaigns for Scottish independence within the European Union . It is the third-largest political party by membership in the United Kingdom , behind the Labour Party and the Conservative Party ; it is the third-largest by overall representation in the House of Commons , behind the Conservative Party and the Labour Party ; and it is the largest political party in Scotland , where it has the most seats in the Scottish Parliament and 47 out of the 59 Scottish seats in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The current Scottish National Party leader , Nicola Sturgeon , has served as First Minister of Scotland since November 2014 . Founded in 1934 with the amalgamation of the National Party of Scotland and the Scottish Party , the party has had continuous parliamentary representation in Westminster since Winnie Ewing won the 1967 Hamilton by-election . With the establishment of the devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999 , the SNP became the second-largest party , serving two terms as the opposition . The SNP gained power at the 2007 Scottish Parliament election , forming a minority government , before going on to win the 2011 Parliament election , after which it formed Holyrood 's first majority government . It was reduced back to being a minority government at the 2016 election . The SNP is the largest political party in Scotland in terms of both seats in the Westminster and Holyrood parliaments , and membership , reaching 125,482 members as of December 2019 , 47 MPs and over 400 local councillors . The SNP is a member of the European Free Alliance ( EFA ) . The party does not have any members of the House of Lords , as it has always maintained a position of objecting to an unelected upper house ."}]}, {'value': 'Belfast East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belfast_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Belfast East is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons . The current MP is Gavin Robinson of the DUP .'}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naomi Long', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naomi_Long', 'summary': 'Naomi Rachel Long ( née Johnston ; born 13 December 1971 ) is a Northern Irish politician who has served as Minister of Justice in the Northern Ireland Executive since January 2020 and leader of the Alliance Party since 2016 . She has served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) for East Belfast since 2020 having held the same seat from 2003 to 2010 , and between 2016 and 2019 . She previously served as Lord Mayor of Belfast from 2009 to 2010 , Member of Parliament ( MP ) for East Belfast between 2010 and 2015 , and Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) for Northern Ireland from 2019 to 2020 . Having served as a local councillor , MLA , MP and MEP , Long is the only active politician in Northern Ireland to have served in every elected position , as well as having served as a mayor , party leader , deputy leader , and a minister .'}]}, {'value': 'Deputy leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alliance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland', 'summary': "The Alliance Party of Northern Ireland ( APNI ) is a liberal and centrist political party in Northern Ireland . It is Northern Ireland 's fifth-largest party overall , with eight seats in the Northern Ireland Assembly . It made breakthroughs in recent elections , placing third in first preference votes in the most recent European Parliament and United Kingdom general election , winning one of the three Northern Ireland seats in the European Parliament , and one seat , North Down in the House of Commons respectively . Founded in 1970 from the New Ulster Movement , the Alliance Party originally represented moderate and non-sectarian unionism . However , over time , particularly in the 1990s , it moved towards neutrality on the Union , and has come to represent wider liberal and non-sectarian concerns . It opposes the consociational power-sharing mandated by the Good Friday Agreement as deepening the sectarian divide , and , in the Northern Ireland Assembly , it is designated as neither unionist nor Irish nationalist , but 'Other ' . In general election in May 2010 the Alliance Party won their first House of Commons seat in a UK-wide general election , in the Belfast East constituency , unseating Peter Robinson , First Minister of Northern Ireland and leader of the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) . Naomi Long was the first MP from the Alliance Party since Stratton Mills , who joined the party from the Ulster Unionist Party ( UUP ) in 1973 . However , the DUP regained the seat at the 2015 general election following an electoral pact with the UUP , leaving the Alliance Party with no representation in the House of Commons . In the 2019 general election , Alliance regained its foothold in the House of Commons , with Stephen Farry winning the North Down seat vacated by independent Unionist , Sylvia Hermon . Earlier that year , leader and former MP , Naomi Long won the first seat in Strasbourg for the Alliance Party in the 2019 European elections . The Alliance Party is a member of the Liberal International and Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe , and is aligned with the Liberal Democrats in Great Britain ."}]}, {'value': 'Bradford West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bradford_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Bradford West is a constituency [ n 1 ] of the city of Bradford represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament . [ n 2 ]'}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Galloway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Galloway', 'summary': "George Galloway ( born 16 August 1954 ) is a British politician , broadcaster and writer . Between 1987 and 2015 , except for a period between 2010 and 2012 , he was a Member of Parliament for four constituencies , firstly for the Labour Party and later the Respect Party . He was an independent candidate for West Bromwich East in the 2019 United Kingdom general election , and has since founded the eurosceptic Workers Party of Britain . After becoming the youngest ever chair of the Scottish Labour Party in 1981 , he was general secretary of the London-based charity War on Want from 1983 until elected as MP for Glasgow Hillhead ( later Glasgow Kelvin ) at the 1987 general election . In 2003 , Galloway was expelled from the Labour Party for bringing the party into disrepute , including having called on Arabs to fight British troops . In 2004 , he became a member of Respect-The Unity Coalition , later known as the Respect Party , becoming party leader by late 2013 . Having decided not to seek re-election for Glasgow Kelvin , he stood for Respect in the 2005 general election for Bethnal Green and Bow , defeating the sitting Labour MP , Oona King , and served for one parliamentary term . He did not fight the 2010 General Election and returned to the House of Commons at the Bradford West by-election in 2012 , but lost his seat at the 2015 general election . Galloway stood as a Respect candidate in the 2016 London mayoral election , but lost to the Labour nominee , Sadiq Khan ; finishing in seventh place with 1.4% of the vote . He stood as an independent for election to parliament in 2017 , in the Manchester Gorton constituency , gaining 5.7% of the vote . Galloway was initially an opponent of Saddam Hussein , but has been accused by David Aaronovitch and Christopher Hitchens of supporting the Iraqi leader when it became Western policy not to , a charge he denies . Galloway testified to the United States Senate in 2005 over alleged illicit payments from the United Nations ' Oil for Food Program ."}]}, {'value': 'Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Respect', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Respect_Party', 'summary': "The Respect Party was a left-wing to far-left political party active in the United Kingdom between 2004 and 2016 . At the height of its success in 2007 , the party had one Member of Parliament ( MP ) in the House of Commons and nineteen councillors in local government . The Respect Party was established in London by Salma Yaqoob and George Monbiot in 2004 . Arising in the aftermath of the 2003 invasion of Iraq , it grew out of the Stop the War Coalition and from the start revolved largely around opposition to the United Kingdom 's role in the Iraq War . Uniting a range of leftist and anti-war groups , it was unofficially allied to the Muslim Association of Britain ( MAB ) and the Socialist Workers Party ( SWP ) , a far-left , Marxist group . In 2005 , Respect 's candidate George Galloway was elected MP for Bethnal Green and Bow , and the party came second in three other constituencies . Respect made further gains in the 2006 and 2007 local elections , at which point its support peaked . In 2007 , a schism emerged in the party between SWP supporters and the Respect Renewal group led by Galloway and Yaqoob ; the former group left the party to form the Left List . Over the coming years , Respect gradually lost its council seats and it deregistered with the Electoral Commission in 2016 . Avowedly socialist and opposed to capitalism , Respect called for the nationalisation of much of the UK economy , increased funding to public services , and further measures to tackle poverty and discrimination . It was Eurosceptic and promoted an anti-imperialist worldview . It was also anti-Zionist , opposing the existence of Israel and endorsing the Palestinian solidarity movement ."}]}, {'value': 'Belfast East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belfast_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Belfast East is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons . The current MP is Gavin Robinson of the DUP .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peter Robinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Robinson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)', 'summary': "Peter David Robinson ( born 29 December 1948 ) is a British politician who served as First Minister of Northern Ireland from 2008 until 2016 and Leader of the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) from 2008 until 2015 . He has been involved in Northern Irish politics for over 40 years , being a founding member of the DUP along with the late Ian Paisley . Robinson served in the role of General Secretary of the DUP from 1975 , a position which he held until 1979 and which afforded him the opportunity to exert unprecedented influence within the fledgeling party . In 1977 , Robinson was elected as a councillor for the Castlereagh Borough Council in Dundonald , and in 1979 , he became the youngest-serving Member of Parliament ( MP ) when he was narrowly elected for Belfast East . He held this seat until his defeat by Naomi Long in 2010 , making him the longest-serving Belfast MP since the 1800 Act of Union . In 1980 , Robinson was elected as the deputy leader of the DUP . Following the re-establishment of devolved government in Northern Ireland as a result of the Good Friday Agreement , Robinson was elected in 1998 as the Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) for Belfast East . Robinson subsequently served as Minister for Regional Development and Minister of Finance and Personnel in the Northern Ireland Executive . Robinson was elected unopposed to succeed Ian Paisley as leader of the DUP on 15 April 2008 , and was subsequently confirmed as First Minister of Northern Ireland on 5 June 2008 . In January 2010 , following a scandal involving his wife Iris , Robinson temporarily handed over his duties as First Minister to Arlene Foster under the terms of the Northern Ireland Act 2006 . Following a police investigation , which recommended that Robinson should not be prosecuted following allegations made by the BBC in relation to the scandal , he resumed his duties as First Minister . The Official Assembly Commissioner 's Investigation and Report completely cleared Robinson of any wrongdoing ."}]}, {'value': 'Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DUP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party', 'summary': "The Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland favouring British identity . It was founded in 1971 during the Troubles by Ian Paisley , who led the party for the next 37 years . Now led by Arlene Foster , it is equal with Sinn Féin in having the most seats in the Northern Ireland Assembly , and it is the fifth-largest party in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom . The DUP evolved from the Protestant Unionist Party and has historically strong links to the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster , the church Paisley founded . During the Troubles , the DUP were opposed to power-sharing with Irish nationalists or republicans as a means of resolving the conflict , and likewise rejected attempts to involve the Republic of Ireland in Northern Irish affairs . It campaigned against the Sunningdale Agreement of 1973 , the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985 , and the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 . In 2006 , the DUP co-signed the St Andrews Agreement and agreed to share power with the republican party Sinn Fein who agreed to support the Police Service , courts , and rule of law . The party has been linked to various loyalist paramilitary groups , namely Ulster Resistance ( URM ) and Third Force . The URM was formed on 10 November 1986 by DUP politicians Paisley , Peter Robinson and Ivan Foster , with the stated aim to take direct action as and when required to bring down the Agreement and defeat republicanism . Recruitment rallies were held in towns across Northern Ireland and thousands were said to have joined . The following year , the URM helped smuggle a large shipment of weapons into Northern Ireland , which were shared out between the URM , the Ulster Volunteer Force ( UVF ) and the Ulster Defence Association ( UDA ) . In 1989 , URM members attempted to trade Shorts ' missile blueprints for weapons from the apartheid South African regime ."}]}, {'value': 'Upper Bann', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Upper_Bann_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Upper Bann is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons . The current MP is Carla Lockhart of the DUP .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Trimble', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Trimble', 'summary': "William David Trimble , Baron Trimble , PC ( born 15 October 1944 ) , is a Northern Irish politician who was the first First Minister of Northern Ireland from 1998 to 2002 , and the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party ( UUP ) from 1995 to 2005 . He was also the Member of Parliament for Upper Bann from 1990 to 2005 and the Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) for Upper Bann from 1998 to 2007 . In 2006 , he was made a life peer in the House of Lords and a year later left the UUP to join the Conservative Party . Trimble began his career as a Professor of Law at The Queen 's University of Belfast in the 1970s , during which time he began to get involved with the paramilitary-linked Vanguard Progressive Unionist Party . He was elected to the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention in 1975 , and joined the UUP in 1978 after the VPUP disbanded . Remaining at Queen 's University , he continued his academic career until being elected as the MP for Upper Bann in 1990 . In 1995 he was unexpectedly elected as the leader of the UUP . He was instrumental in the negotiations that led to the Good Friday Agreement in 1998 , and ( along with John Hume ) won the Nobel Peace Prize that year for his efforts . He was later elected to become the first First Minister of Northern Ireland , although his tenure was turbulent and frequently interrupted by disagreements over the timetable for Provisional Irish Republican Army decommissioning . After being defeated at the 2005 general election , Trimble resigned the leadership of the UUP soon afterwards . In June 2006 , he accepted a life peerage in the House of Lords , taking the title of Baron Trimble , of Lisnagarvey in the County of Antrim . He did not stand again for the Assembly , which finally reconvened in 2007 , instead leaving the UUP to join the Conservative Party ."}]}, {'value': 'Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UUP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party', 'summary': 'The Ulster Unionist Party ( UUP ) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland . Having gathered support in Northern Ireland during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries , the party governed Northern Ireland between 1921 and 1972 . It was supported by most unionist voters throughout the conflict known as the Troubles , during which time it was often referred to as the Official Unionist Party ( OUP ) . Between 1905 and 1972 its MPs took the Conservative whip at Westminster , considered as part of the Conservative Party . It is currently the fourth-largest party in Northern Ireland , having been overtaken in 2003 by the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) and Sinn Féin , and in 2017 by the Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ) . The party has been unrepresented in Westminster since losing its two seats in 2017 . Most recently , the party won 11.7% of the vote in Northern Ireland and no seats in 2019 , placing fifth behind the DUP , Sinn Féin , Alliance Party of Northern Ireland , and SDLP . In 2016 , the UUP and the SDLP decided not to accept the seats on the Northern Ireland Executive to which they would have been entitled and to form an official opposition to the executive . This marked the first time that a devolved government in Northern Ireland did not include the UUP . Steve Aiken succeeded Robin Swann as leader , in November 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'North Down', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Down_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'North Down is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons . The current MP is Stephen Farry of the Alliance Party . Farry was elected to the position in the 2019 General Election , replacing the incumbent Sylvia Hermon , who had held the position since being elected to it in the 2001 general election , but chose not to contest in the 2019 election .'}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robert McCartney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_McCartney_(Northern_Irish_politician)', 'summary': "Robert Law McCartney , QC ( born 24 April 1936 ) is a Northern Irish barrister and a former leader of the UK Unionist Party . He was initially a member of the Ulster Unionist Party but was expelled in June 1987 when he refused to withdraw from the general election of that year . He stood against the incumbent Popular Unionist Party MP Sir James Kilfedder in North Down as a Real Unionist but failed to win the seat . In the 1995 by-election in North Down after the death of Kilfedder he was elected as a UK Unionist defeating the Ulster Unionist Party candidate . He subsequently established the United Kingdom Unionist Party to contest elections to the Northern Ireland Forum and the related talks which started in 1996 . The other party representatives to the Forum were Dr Conor Cruise O'Brien and Cedric Wilson , a former low-level DUP member in the 1980s . McCartney retained his Westminster seat in the 1997 election . He opposed the subsequent Belfast Agreement in the May 1998 referendum and his party won five seats in the Assembly elections later that year ( McCartney himself in North Down , Cedric Wilson in Strangford , Patrick Roche in Lagan Valley , Norman Boyd in South Antrim and Roger Hutchinson in East Antrim ) . However , Wilson , Roche , Boyd and Hutchinson parted company with McCartney in December 1998 because of their leader 's so-called 'exit strategy ' from the Northern Ireland Assembly in the event of Sinn Féin being allowed seats in the new Northern Ireland Government . McCartney denounced them , saying all four were famous in their own living rooms and that their supporters could fit into a telephone box . In 2008 both Wilson and Boyd attended meetings of Jim Allister 's Traditional Unionist Voice . In 1999 , McCartney ran for the party in elections to the European Parliament , winning 2.9% of the first preference vote ."}]}, {'value': 'Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK Unionist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UK_Unionist_Party', 'summary': 'The UK Unionist Party ( UKUP ) was a small unionist political party in Northern Ireland from 1995 to 2008 that opposed the Good Friday Agreement . It was nominally formed by Robert McCartney , formerly of the Ulster Unionist Party , to contest the 1995 North Down by-election and then further constituted to contest the 1996 elections for the Northern Ireland Forum . McCartney had previously contested the 1987 general election as an independent using the label Real Unionist .'}]}, {'value': 'Belfast West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belfast_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': "Belfast West is a parliamentary constituency ( seat ) in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament . The current MP is Paul Maskey of Sinn Féin . In 2017 it ranked the most secure of Northern Ireland 's 18 seats by percentage and/or numerical tally of its winning majority , followed by North Down and by North Antrim respectively ."}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gerry Adams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gerry_Adams', 'summary': 'Gerard Adams ( Irish : Gearóid Mac Ádhaimh ; born 6 October 1948 ) is an Irish republican politician who was the President of Sinn Féin political party between 13 November 1983 and 10 February 2018 , and served as a Teachta Dála ( TD ) for Louth from 2011 to 2020 . From 1983 to 1992 and from 1997 to 2011 , he was an abstentionist Member of Parliament ( MP ) of the British Parliament for the Belfast West constituency . In 1984 , Adams was seriously wounded in an assassination attempt by several gunmen from the Ulster Defence Association ( UDA ) , including John Gregg . From the late 1980s onwards , Adams was an important figure in the Northern Ireland peace process , initially following contact by the then-Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ) leader John Hume and then subsequently with the Irish and British governments . Under Adams , Sinn Féin changed its traditional policy of abstentionism towards the Oireachtas , the parliament of the Republic of Ireland , in 1986 and later took seats in the power-sharing Northern Ireland Assembly . In 2005 , the Provisional Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) stated that its armed campaign was over and that it was exclusively committed to peaceful politics . In 2014 , he was held for four days by the Police Service of Northern Ireland for questioning in connection with the abduction and murder of Jean McConville in 1972 . He was freed without charge and a file was sent to the Public Prosecution Service , which later stated there was insufficient evidence to charge him , as had been expected since shortly after his release . Adams announced in November 2017 that he would step down as leader of Sinn Féin in 2018 , and that he would not stand for re-election to his seat in the Dáil in the next election . He was succeeded as President of Sinn Féin by Mary Lou McDonald at a special ardfheis ( party conference ) on 10 February 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sinn Féin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinn_Féin', 'summary': "Sinn Féin ( /ʃɪn ˈfeɪn/ shin FAYN , Irish : [ ʃɪnʲ ˈfʲeːnʲ ] ; English : [ We ] Ourselves ) is a centre-left to left-wing Irish republican political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland . The original Sinn Féin organisation was founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith , but has split substantially on a number of occasions since then - notably giving rise to the two traditionally dominant parties of southern Irish politics - Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael - in the aftermath of the Irish Civil War . The party took its current form in 1970 after another split ( with the other faction eventually becoming the Workers ' Party of Ireland ) . It has historically been associated with the Provisional Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) . Mary Lou McDonald became party president in February 2018 . Sinn Féin is one of the two largest parties in the Northern Ireland Assembly , winning just one seat less than the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) at the 2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election . In that assembly it is the largest Irish nationalist party , and it holds four ministerial posts in the power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive as of 2020 [ update ] . In the UK House of Commons , Sinn Féin holds seven of Northern Ireland 's 18 seats , making it the second-largest bloc after the DUP ; there it follows a policy of abstentionism , refusing to sit in parliament or vote on bills . In the Oireachtas ( the parliament of the Republic of Ireland ) , Sinn Féin won the largest share of first-preference votes at the 2020 Irish general election ."}]}, {'value': 'Glasgow Govan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glasgow_Govan_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Glasgow Govan was a parliamentary constituency in the Govan district of Glasgow . It was represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for 120 years ; from 1885 until 2005 , returning one Member of Parliament ( MP ) elected by the first-past-the-post system . It was a Conservative-Liberal marginal seat for the first three decades of its existence , before breaking this trend when the Labour Party won the seat in 1918 . It remained a Labour-controlled seat for the next fifty-five years , except for a five-year Conservative interlude between 1950-55 , until being seized by the Scottish National Party at a by-election in 1973 , only to be regained by Labour the following year . The SNP regained the seat at a 1988 by-election , only to lose it again to Labour in 1992 . It remained under Labour control until its abolition thirteen years later . The area which the constituency represented is now covered by Glasgow Central , Glasgow South and Glasgow South West .'}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jim Sillars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jim_Sillars', 'summary': 'James Sillars ( born 4 October 1937 ) is a Scottish politician and a leading figure in the campaign for Scottish independence . Sillars served as a Labour Party MP for South Ayrshire from 1970 to 1976 . He founded and led the pro-Scottish Home Rule Scottish Labour Party in 1976 , continuing as MP for South Ayrshire until he lost the seat in 1979 . Sillars joined the Scottish National Party in 1980 and later served as MP for Glasgow Govan after winning a by-election in 1988 , and was Deputy Leader of the Scottish National Party . He was married to Margo MacDonald until her death in 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'Deputy Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SNP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scottish_National_Party', 'summary': "The Scottish National Party ( SNP ; Scottish Gaelic : Pàrtaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba , Scots : Scots National Pairtie ) is a Scottish nationalist , social-democratic political party in Scotland . The SNP supports and campaigns for Scottish independence within the European Union . It is the third-largest political party by membership in the United Kingdom , behind the Labour Party and the Conservative Party ; it is the third-largest by overall representation in the House of Commons , behind the Conservative Party and the Labour Party ; and it is the largest political party in Scotland , where it has the most seats in the Scottish Parliament and 47 out of the 59 Scottish seats in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The current Scottish National Party leader , Nicola Sturgeon , has served as First Minister of Scotland since November 2014 . Founded in 1934 with the amalgamation of the National Party of Scotland and the Scottish Party , the party has had continuous parliamentary representation in Westminster since Winnie Ewing won the 1967 Hamilton by-election . With the establishment of the devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999 , the SNP became the second-largest party , serving two terms as the opposition . The SNP gained power at the 2007 Scottish Parliament election , forming a minority government , before going on to win the 2011 Parliament election , after which it formed Holyrood 's first majority government . It was reduced back to being a minority government at the 2016 election . The SNP is the largest political party in Scotland in terms of both seats in the Westminster and Holyrood parliaments , and membership , reaching 125,482 members as of December 2019 , 47 MPs and over 400 local councillors . The SNP is a member of the European Free Alliance ( EFA ) . The party does not have any members of the House of Lords , as it has always maintained a position of objecting to an unelected upper house ."}]}, {'value': 'Dundee East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dundee_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': "Dundee East is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( at Westminster ) . Created for the 1950 general election , it elects one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first-past-the-post voting system . Since 2005 , Stewart Hosie of the Scottish National Party has served as the MP for the constituency . On 14 November 2014 , Hosie was elected as Deputy Leader of the Scottish National Party , succeeding Nicola Sturgeon , who was elected as the party leader ; Hosie served as Depute Leader until 13 October 2016 . Fanning out from the city 's docklands , Dundee East takes in a series of mixed residential areas as far as the town of Carnoustie and the affluent suburb of Monifieth in the north-west . Prosperous middle-class enclaves such as Barnhill and Broughty Ferry contrast with older tenement districts and council estates such as Douglas and Whitfield ."}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gordon Wilson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gordon_Wilson_(Scottish_politician)', 'summary': 'Robert Gordon Wilson ( 16 April 1938 - 25 June 2017 ) was a Scottish politician and solicitor . He was the leader of the Scottish National Party ( SNP ) from 1979 to 1990 , and was SNP Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Dundee East from 1974 to 1987 . He was Rector of the University of Dundee from 1983 to 1986 .'}]}, {'value': 'Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SNP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scottish_National_Party', 'summary': "The Scottish National Party ( SNP ; Scottish Gaelic : Pàrtaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba , Scots : Scots National Pairtie ) is a Scottish nationalist , social-democratic political party in Scotland . The SNP supports and campaigns for Scottish independence within the European Union . It is the third-largest political party by membership in the United Kingdom , behind the Labour Party and the Conservative Party ; it is the third-largest by overall representation in the House of Commons , behind the Conservative Party and the Labour Party ; and it is the largest political party in Scotland , where it has the most seats in the Scottish Parliament and 47 out of the 59 Scottish seats in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The current Scottish National Party leader , Nicola Sturgeon , has served as First Minister of Scotland since November 2014 . Founded in 1934 with the amalgamation of the National Party of Scotland and the Scottish Party , the party has had continuous parliamentary representation in Westminster since Winnie Ewing won the 1967 Hamilton by-election . With the establishment of the devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999 , the SNP became the second-largest party , serving two terms as the opposition . The SNP gained power at the 2007 Scottish Parliament election , forming a minority government , before going on to win the 2011 Parliament election , after which it formed Holyrood 's first majority government . It was reduced back to being a minority government at the 2016 election . The SNP is the largest political party in Scotland in terms of both seats in the Westminster and Holyrood parliaments , and membership , reaching 125,482 members as of December 2019 , 47 MPs and over 400 local councillors . The SNP is a member of the European Free Alliance ( EFA ) . The party does not have any members of the House of Lords , as it has always maintained a position of objecting to an unelected upper house ."}]}, {'value': 'Carmarthen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carmarthen_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Carmarthen ( Welsh : Caerfyrddin ) was the name of a parliamentary constituency in Wales which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom between 1542 and 1997 . It was named Carmarthen Boroughs from 1832 to 1918 . At its abolition in 1997 it was replaced , partly by the new Carmarthen East and Dinefwr constituency and partly by Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire .'}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gwynfor Evans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gwynfor_Evans', 'summary': 'Gwynfor Richard Evans ( 1 September 1912 - 21 April 2005 ) was a Welsh politician , lawyer and author . He was President of the Welsh political party Plaid Cymru for thirty-six years and was the first Member of Parliament to represent it at Westminster , which he did twice , from 1966 to 1970 , and again from 1974 to 1979 .'}]}, {'value': 'Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plaid Cymru', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaid_Cymru', 'summary': 'Plaid Cymru ( English : /ˌplaɪd ˈkʌmri/ PLYDE KUM-ree ; Welsh : [ plaid ˈkəmri ] ; officially Plaid Cymru - The Party of Wales , often referred to simply as Plaid ) is a social-democratic political party in Wales advocating Welsh independence from the United Kingdom within the European Union . Plaid was formed in 1925 and won its first seat in the UK Parliament in 1966 . The party holds four of 40 Welsh seats in the UK Parliament , 10 of 60 seats in the National Assembly for Wales , and 202 of 1,264 principal local authority councillors . It is a member of the European Free Alliance .'}]}, {'value': 'Cornwall North', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornwall_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': "North Cornwall is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Scott Mann , a Conservative since the 2015 general election . Like all British constituencies , the seat elects one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years . The seat was created in 1918 . Since 1950 , the constituency has been held by MPs from either the Conservative Party or the Liberal Democrats ( including the party 's predecessor , the Liberal Party ) ."}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Pardoe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Pardoe', 'summary': 'John Wentworth Pardoe ( born 27 July 1934 ) is a retired British businessman and Liberal Party politician .'}]}, {'value': 'Deputy Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Liberal Party was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom with the opposing Conservative Party in the 19th and early 20th centuries . The party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free trade-supporting Peelites and the reformist Radicals in the 1850s . By the end of the 19th century , it had formed four governments under William Gladstone . Despite being divided over the issue of Irish Home Rule , the party returned to government in 1905 and then won a landslide victory in the following year 's general election . Under prime ministers Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman ( 1905-1908 ) and H. H. Asquith ( 1908-1916 ) , the Liberal Party passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state . Although Asquith was the party 's leader , its dominant figure was David Lloyd George . Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister and Lloyd George replaced him as prime minister in late 1916 , but Asquith remained as Liberal Party leader . The pair fought for years over control of the party , badly weakening it in the process . In The Oxford Companion to British History , historian Martin Pugh argues :"}]}, {'value': 'Fermanagh and South Tyrone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fermanagh_and_South_Tyrone_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Fermanagh and South Tyrone is a parliamentary constituency in the British House of Commons . The current MP is Michelle Gildernew of Sinn Féin .'}]}, {'value': '1974 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harry West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harry_West', 'summary': 'Henry William West ( 27 March 1917 - 5 February 2004 ) was a politician in Northern Ireland who served as leader of the Ulster Unionist Party from 1974 until 1979 .'}]}, {'value': 'Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UUP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party', 'summary': 'The Ulster Unionist Party ( UUP ) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland . Having gathered support in Northern Ireland during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries , the party governed Northern Ireland between 1921 and 1972 . It was supported by most unionist voters throughout the conflict known as the Troubles , during which time it was often referred to as the Official Unionist Party ( OUP ) . Between 1905 and 1972 its MPs took the Conservative whip at Westminster , considered as part of the Conservative Party . It is currently the fourth-largest party in Northern Ireland , having been overtaken in 2003 by the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) and Sinn Féin , and in 2017 by the Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ) . The party has been unrepresented in Westminster since losing its two seats in 2017 . Most recently , the party won 11.7% of the vote in Northern Ireland and no seats in 2019 , placing fifth behind the DUP , Sinn Féin , Alliance Party of Northern Ireland , and SDLP . In 2016 , the UUP and the SDLP decided not to accept the seats on the Northern Ireland Executive to which they would have been entitled and to form an official opposition to the executive . This marked the first time that a devolved government in Northern Ireland did not include the UUP . Steve Aiken succeeded Robin Swann as leader , in November 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Belper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belper_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Belper is a former constituency in the UK Parliament . It was created at the 1918 general election as a county division of Derbyshire , comprising the area in the centre of the county and surrounding Derby , and named after the market town of Belper although this was in the north of the constituency . In 1950 it was expanded to include the far south of the county . It was a marginal constituency for most of its existence . The area had an ever-expanding population after 1945 as prosperous suburbs of Derby were built outside the city boundaries . Lord George-Brown , who represented the seat at the time , wrote in 1971 after his defeat in the 1970 general election that The electorate had increased by over 10,000 since 1966 , mainly from the growth of middle-class housing estates , so that most of the new electors could be expected to vote Tory . Since my majority in 1966 was 4,274 , an influx of 10,000 new voters , mainly Tory , obviously imperilled the seat . A Boundary Commission report issued in 1969 had recommended changes which would have removed the extra voters , but the Labour government of the time had delayed implementation of the report .'}]}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown', 'summary': "George Alfred Brown , Baron George-Brown , PC ( 2 September 1914 - 2 June 1985 ) was a British Labour politician who served as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1960 to 1970 and also in several Cabinet posts , including Foreign Secretary during the Labour government of the 1960s . He was a leader of the Labour Party 's trade union right wing , and an effective election campaigner . Ultimately , however , he was unable to cope with the pressures of high office without excessive drinking . He was always known simply as George Brown and , upon being granted a peerage in November 1970 , he insisted on combining his first name and surname to create the title Baron George-Brown of Jevington in the County of Sussex ."}]}, {'value': 'Deputy Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Labour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom that has been described as an alliance of social democrats , democratic socialists and trade unionists . In all general elections since 1922 , Labour has either been the governing party or the Official Opposition . The Labour Party was founded in 1900 , having grown out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the 19th century . It overtook the Liberal Party to become the main opposition to the Conservative Party in the early 1920s , forming two minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in the 1920s and early 1930s . Labour served in the wartime coalition of 1940-1945 , after which Clement Attlee 's Labour government established the National Health Service and expanded the welfare state from 1945 to 1951 . Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan , Labour again governed from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1979 . In the 1990s , Tony Blair took Labour to the centre as part of his New Labour project , which governed the UK under Blair and then Gordon Brown from 1997 to 2010 . Labour is currently the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom , having won the second-largest number of seats in the 2017 and 2019 general elections . The Labour Party is currently the largest party in the Welsh Assembly , forming the main party in the current Welsh government . The party is the third-largest in the Scottish Parliament . Labour is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance , and holds observer status in Socialist International . The party includes semi-autonomous Scottish and Welsh branches , and supports the Social Democratic and Labour Party in Northern Ireland , although it still organises there ."}]}, {'value': 'Carmarthen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carmarthen_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Carmarthen ( Welsh : Caerfyrddin ) was the name of a parliamentary constituency in Wales which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom between 1542 and 1997 . It was named Carmarthen Boroughs from 1832 to 1918 . At its abolition in 1997 it was replaced , partly by the new Carmarthen East and Dinefwr constituency and partly by Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire .'}]}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gwynfor Evans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gwynfor_Evans', 'summary': 'Gwynfor Richard Evans ( 1 September 1912 - 21 April 2005 ) was a Welsh politician , lawyer and author . He was President of the Welsh political party Plaid Cymru for thirty-six years and was the first Member of Parliament to represent it at Westminster , which he did twice , from 1966 to 1970 , and again from 1974 to 1979 .'}]}, {'value': 'Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plaid Cymru', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaid_Cymru', 'summary': 'Plaid Cymru ( English : /ˌplaɪd ˈkʌmri/ PLYDE KUM-ree ; Welsh : [ plaid ˈkəmri ] ; officially Plaid Cymru - The Party of Wales , often referred to simply as Plaid ) is a social-democratic political party in Wales advocating Welsh independence from the United Kingdom within the European Union . Plaid was formed in 1925 and won its first seat in the UK Parliament in 1966 . The party holds four of 40 Welsh seats in the UK Parliament , 10 of 60 seats in the National Assembly for Wales , and 202 of 1,264 principal local authority councillors . It is a member of the European Free Alliance .'}]}, {'value': 'Huddersfield West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huddersfield_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Huddersfield West was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Huddersfield in West Yorkshire . It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The constituency was created for the 1950 general election , and abolished for the 1983 general election . It was a much more marginal seat than its neighbour , Huddersfield East , which was safely Labour , and was alternately held by the Liberals , Labour Party and finally the Conservatives in 1979 .'}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Donald Wade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donald_Wade', 'summary': "Donald William Wade , Baron Wade , DL ( 16 June 1904 - 6 November 1988 ) was a British solicitor who became a Liberal Party Member of Parliament . Wade 's time in Parliament coincided with the time the Liberals were at their lowest ebb but his job as Chief Whip kept the party operating until times were better ; however , his own seat was dependent on a local pact with the Conservatives and when it broke down , he was defeated . He was then elevated to the House of Lords where he became an active Peer ."}]}, {'value': 'Deputy Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Liberal Party was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom with the opposing Conservative Party in the 19th and early 20th centuries . The party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free trade-supporting Peelites and the reformist Radicals in the 1850s . By the end of the 19th century , it had formed four governments under William Gladstone . Despite being divided over the issue of Irish Home Rule , the party returned to government in 1905 and then won a landslide victory in the following year 's general election . Under prime ministers Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman ( 1905-1908 ) and H. H. Asquith ( 1908-1916 ) , the Liberal Party passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state . Although Asquith was the party 's leader , its dominant figure was David Lloyd George . Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister and Lloyd George replaced him as prime minister in late 1916 , but Asquith remained as Liberal Party leader . The pair fought for years over control of the party , badly weakening it in the process . In The Oxford Companion to British History , historian Martin Pugh argues :"}]}, {'value': 'Anglesey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anglesey_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Ynys Môn ( Welsh pronunciation : [ ˌənɨs ˈmoːn ] ; officially called Anglesey until 1983 ) is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It elects one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first past the post system of election . The Ynys Môn Welsh Assembly constituency was created with the same boundaries in 1999 . Ynys Môn is represented by Virginia Crosbie of the Conservative Party . Crosbie is the first Conservative to win the constituency since the 1983 general election .'}]}, {'value': '1951', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Megan Lloyd George', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Megan_Lloyd_George', 'summary': 'Lady Megan Arvon Lloyd George , CH ( 22 April 1902 - 14 May 1966 ) , born Megan Arvon George , was a Welsh politician , who became the first female Member of Parliament ( MP ) for a Welsh constituency . She also served as Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party , before later becoming a Labour MP . In 2016 , she was named as one of the 50 greatest Welsh men and women of all time .'}]}, {'value': 'Deputy Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Liberal Party was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom with the opposing Conservative Party in the 19th and early 20th centuries . The party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free trade-supporting Peelites and the reformist Radicals in the 1850s . By the end of the 19th century , it had formed four governments under William Gladstone . Despite being divided over the issue of Irish Home Rule , the party returned to government in 1905 and then won a landslide victory in the following year 's general election . Under prime ministers Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman ( 1905-1908 ) and H. H. Asquith ( 1908-1916 ) , the Liberal Party passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state . Although Asquith was the party 's leader , its dominant figure was David Lloyd George . Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister and Lloyd George replaced him as prime minister in late 1916 , but Asquith remained as Liberal Party leader . The pair fought for years over control of the party , badly weakening it in the process . In The Oxford Companion to British History , historian Martin Pugh argues :"}]}, {'value': 'Caithness and Sutherland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caithness_and_Sutherland_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Caithness and Sutherland was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 1997 . It elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first past the post system of election . The constituency was created by merging the constituencies of Caithness and Sutherland and the Dornoch and Wick components of the Wick Burghs constituency . In 1997 the constituency was superseded by the creation of Caithness , Sutherland and Easter Ross , which merged Caithness and Sutherland and the Easter Ross area of Ross , Cromarty and Skye . Caithness and Sutherland was geographically the largest constituency in the United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': '1945', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Archibald Sinclair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archibald_Sinclair', 'summary': 'Archibald Henry Macdonald Sinclair , 1st Viscount Thurso , KT , CMG , PC ( 22 October 1890 - 15 June 1970 ) , known as Sir Archibald Sinclair , Bt , between 1912 and 1952 , and often as Archie Sinclair , was a British politician and leader of the Liberal Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Liberal Party was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom with the opposing Conservative Party in the 19th and early 20th centuries . The party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free trade-supporting Peelites and the reformist Radicals in the 1850s . By the end of the 19th century , it had formed four governments under William Gladstone . Despite being divided over the issue of Irish Home Rule , the party returned to government in 1905 and then won a landslide victory in the following year 's general election . Under prime ministers Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman ( 1905-1908 ) and H. H. Asquith ( 1908-1916 ) , the Liberal Party passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state . Although Asquith was the party 's leader , its dominant figure was David Lloyd George . Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister and Lloyd George replaced him as prime minister in late 1916 , but Asquith remained as Liberal Party leader . The pair fought for years over control of the party , badly weakening it in the process . In The Oxford Companion to British History , historian Martin Pugh argues :"}]}, {'value': 'Edinburgh Leith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edinburgh_Leith_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Edinburgh Leith was a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1950 to 1997 . It elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first past the post system of election . There was also an earlier Leith constituency , 1918 to 1950 , and a yet earlier Leith Burghs constituency , 1832 to 1918 .'}]}, {'value': '1945', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ernest Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ernest_Brown_(British_politician)', 'summary': 'Alfred Ernest Brown CH MC PC ( 27 August 1881 - 16 February 1962 ) was a British politician who served as leader of the Liberal Nationals from 1940 until 1945 .'}]}, {'value': 'Leader', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liberal National', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1931)', 'summary': 'The National Liberal Party , known until 1948 as the Liberal National Party , was a liberal political party in the United Kingdom from 1931 to 1968 . It broke away from the Liberal Party , and later co-operated and merged with the Conservative Party .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Miscellaneous records -- Miscellaneous notable results', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'United_Kingdom_general_election_records_17', 'intro': 'This is an annotated list of notable records from United Kingdom general elections from 1945 onwards (with certain exceptions).'}	null	null	The constituency now represented by MP Douglas Ross voted against what in 2014 ?	Scottish independence
0a017a53c7a7fed2	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flag_bearers_for_Fiji_at_the_Olympics', 'title': 'List of flag bearers for Fiji at the Olympics', 'header': ['#', 'Event year', 'Season', 'Flag bearer', 'Sport'], 'data': [{'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Portuguese : Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , [ a ] officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( Portuguese : Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada ) and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August . These were the first Olympic Games ever to be held in South America and the fourth to be held in a developing country , after the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico , the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in China . More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees took part , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus . These were the first Summer Olympic Games to take place under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city ever to host the Olympic Games . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country 's winter season , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere . The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold and overall medals , 46 and 121 , as well as its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after it had been host nation . China finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Osea Kolinisau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Osea_Kolinisau', 'summary': "Osea Kolinisau , OF ( born 17 November 1985 ) is a Fijian rugby union player who currently plays with the Houston SaberCats of Major League Rugby . He captained the Fiji Sevens side to their first olympic gold medal in the 2016 Rio Olympics Kolinisau debuted for Fiji in the 2008 Dubai Sevens tournament . He captained the first Fiji side to win the Dubai 7s for the 2013-14 Sevens World Series since the Sevens Series began . Winner of HSBC World Series Rugby Sevens 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 . At the 2016 Rio Olympics , he was the flag bearer for team Fiji . Kolinisau was captain for the Fiji sevens team and led them to the Gold medal and Fiji 's first ever medal at an Olympic Games . Fiji won by beating Team Great Britain in the final by 43-7 with Kolinisau scoring the first try . He attended Ratu Sukuna Memorial School which was a start of his rugby career ."}]}, {'value': 'Rugby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_sevens_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Rugby sevens at the 2016 Summer Olympics was held over six days in August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro . The 2016 Olympics was the debut for rugby sevens at the Summer Olympics , though rugby union was last played at the 1924 games . The usual laws of rugby sevens applied .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Josateki Naulu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josateki_Naulu', 'summary': "Josateki Naulu ( 8 June 1984 ) is a Fijian judoka who was flag-bearer for Fiji at the 2012 Summer Olympics . In the Men 's 81kg event , he lost in the second round . He attended Lelean Memorial School and also played in the Fiji Secondary Schools ' rugby union Deans Trophy competition in the year 2000 . He earned an IOC scholarship to live and train in Japan . He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men 's 81 kg event , in which he was eliminated in the second round ."}]}, {'value': 'Judo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Makelesi Bulikiobo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Makelesi_Bulikiobo', 'summary': 'Makelesi Bulikiobo Batimala ( born 23 October 1977 ) is a Fijian sprinter .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sisilia Rasokisoki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sisilia_Rasokisoki', 'summary': "Sisilia Nasiga Rasokisoki ( born December 16 , 1979 ) is a Fijian judoka . Nasiga competed at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester , where she won bronze in the women 's 70 kg . She has won gold at both the South Pacific Games and the South Pacific Judo Championships . In 2008 Nasiga took 3rd place in the 70-kg division in the Zen Nihon Gakusei Taijuubetsu Taikai All Japan University Student Weight Division Tournament while she represented Fukuoka Keizai University . She qualified to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , where she was Fiji 's only representative in judo . She had previously competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . Nasiga was defeated by Edith Bosch of the Netherlands at the Beijing Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Judo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2002 Winter Olympics , officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 , was a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated from 8 to 24 February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City , Utah , United States . 2,399 athletes from 78 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines , held throughout 165 sporting sessions . The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee ( SLOC ) , the first time in Olympic and Paralympic history that both events were organized by a single committee . Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games , after Missouri , New York , California , and Georgia . These were the first Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Jacques Rogge . The opening ceremony was held on February 8 , 2002 , and sporting competitions were held up until the closing ceremony on February 24 , 2002 . Production for both ceremonies was designed by Seven Nielsen , and music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters . Salt Lake City became the most populous area ever to have hosted the Winter Olympics , although the two subsequent host cities ' populations were larger . Following a trend , the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were also larger than all prior Winter Games , with 10 more events than the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano , Japan . Norway won the most gold medals while Germany won the most number of medals . The Salt Lake Games faced a bribery scandal and some local opposition during the bid . Nevertheless , from sporting and business standpoints , this was one of the most successful Winter Olympiads in history ; records were set in both the broadcasting and marketing programs ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Laurence Thoms', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Laurence_Thoms', 'summary': "Laurence Thoms ( born March 26 , 1980 ) is a Fijian alpine skier who was born in Suva . He represented Fiji at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City , and attracted media attention as a competitor from a tropical nation at the Winter Olympics . Thoms was Fiji 's flag-bearer during the Opening Ceremony , being his country 's representative , and was the first Pacific Islander to qualify through FIS regulations for the Winter Games He competed in the Slalom and Giant Slalom events . He failed to complete his first run in the Slalom event after 'clipping ' a gate , but completed the Giant Slalom and finished fifty-fifth with a time of 2:41.98 . Spectators reportedly cheered as they admired the 'Fiji 's ice man ' competitive speed in the events , and went crazy when he crossed the finish line . One newspaper described Thoms ' participation as exemplifying the true spirit of the Games . Before taking part in the Olympics , Thoms had worked as a white water rafting guide and ski instructor in New Zealand . His participation in the Olympics was funded by a retired Swiss businessman living in Fiji , who had founded the Fiji Alpine Ski Association ."}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tony Philp', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tony_Philp', 'summary': 'Anthony Steven Tony Philp MF is a former Windsurfing World Champion and Olympic sailor from Fiji . Currently a Brand Ambassador for international outdoor magazine The Outdoor Journal , [ citation needed ] he is also a consultant for the International Surfing Association - and worked with them on the ISA World Stand Up Paddle and Paddleboard Championship in Fiji in November 2016 . [ citation needed ] Philp is one of only two Fiji-born athletes , along with golfer Vijay Singh , to be ranked number one in their sports official world ranking list . Throughout his sporting career Philp won 13 individual Windsurfer World titles at the 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 World Championships ( including 4 overall world titles ) and competed at 5 consecutive Olympic Games from 1984 to 2000 . He was also vice-world champion in both the Windsurfer and Mistral Olympic Class in 1989 and 1999 and topped the ISAF ( International Sailing Association Federation ) world-ranking list for Olympic windsurfing in 1997 . At age 15 , Philp was the youngest ever athlete to compete at an Olympic sailing event ( Los Angeles 1984 ) , and was a flag bearer for his country at the 2000 Olympic Games . He was made a Member of the Order of Fiji , the most senior award in the Fijian honors system in 1995 and was inducted into the Fiji Sports Hall of Fame in 2009 , for achievements and contribution towards sports in Fiji .'}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jone Delai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jone_Delai', 'summary': "Jone Delai ( born September 5 , 1967 ) is a Fijian sprinter . Competing mostly over 100 metres , his personal best is 10.26 seconds . Delai won a bronze medal in 100 metres at the 1990 Oceanian Championships , and became Oceanian champion over both 100 and 200 metres in 1994 . Jone competed in the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics . In 1998 he became the California Junior College 100 meters champion tying his personal best . Jone Delai held the title of Fastest Man in the Pacific , with a time of 10.34s in the 100m sprints which was a South Pacific Games record . The SPG Record & his personal achieved best now comes in 2nd to reigning sprint king , Banuve Tabakaucoro 's 10.22s for the 100m sprint ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1994 Winter Olympics ( Norwegian : Olympiske vinterleker 1994 ) , officially known as the XVII Olympic Winter Games , was a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 12 to 27 February 1994 in and around Lillehammer , Norway . Lillehammer failed to win the bid for the 1992 event , losing to Albertville . Lillehammer was awarded the 1994 Winter Olympics in 1988 , after beating Anchorage , United States ; Östersund , Sweden ; and Sofia , Bulgaria . Lillehammer is the northernmost city to ever host the Winter Games and the Olympic Games overall . The Games were the first to be held in a different year from the Summer Olympics , the first and only one to be held two years after the previous winter games . The Games were the second Winter Olympics hosted in Norway , after the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , and the fourth Olympics in the Nordic countries , after the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , Sweden , and the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki , Finland . Although many events took place in Lillehammer , skating took place in Hamar , some ice hockey matches were placed in Gjøvik , while Alpine skiing was held in Øyer and Ringebu . Sixty-seven countries and 1,737 athletes participated in six sports and sixty-one events . Fourteen countries made their debut in the Winter Olympics , of which nine were former Soviet republics . The Games also saw the introduction of stricter qualifying rules , reducing the number of under-performing participants from warm-weather countries . New events were two new distances in short track speed skating and aerials , while speed skating was moved indoors . Nearly two million people spectated the games , which were the first to have the Olympic truce in effect .'}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rusiate Rogoyawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rusiate_Rogoyawa', 'summary': 'Rusiate Rogoyawa ( born May 16 , 1961 in Cikobia , Fiji ) is a former Fijian cross-country skier .'}]}, {'value': 'Nordic skiing', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viliame Takayawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viliame_Takayawa', 'summary': 'Viliame Takayawa ( born 21 February 1949 ) is a Fijian judoka . He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Judo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1988 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XVes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) , was a multi-sport event celebrated in and around Calgary , Alberta , Canada , between February 13 and 28 , 1988 and were the first Winter Olympics to be held over a whole two week period . The host city was selected in 1981 over Falun , Sweden , and Cortina d'Ampezzo , Italy . Most events took place in Calgary while several skiing events were held in the mountain resorts of Nakiska and Canmore , west of the city . A then-record 57 nations competed and 1,423 athletes participated . As it had in Montreal in 1976 , Canada again failed to win a gold medal in an official medal event as the host nation . Finnish ski jumper Matti Nykänen and Dutch speed skater Yvonne van Gennip were individual medal leaders with each winning three gold medals . The games are also remembered for the heroic failure of British ski jumper Eddie The Eagle Edwards , and the Winter Olympic début of the Jamaica national bobsled team , both of which would be subjects of major feature films about their participation in the games . The Calgary games were at the time one of the most expensive Olympics ever held , but the organizing committee turned record television and sponsorship revenue into a net surplus that was used to maintain the facilities built for the Olympics and develop the Calgary region into the heart of Canada 's elite winter sports program . The five purpose-built venues continue to be used in their original functions , and have helped the country develop into one of the top nations in Winter Olympic competition ; Canada more than quintupled the five medals it won in Calgary at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rusiate Rogoyawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rusiate_Rogoyawa', 'summary': 'Rusiate Rogoyawa ( born May 16 , 1961 in Cikobia , Fiji ) is a former Fijian cross-country skier .'}]}, {'value': 'Nordic skiing', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1984 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12 , 1984 , in Los Angeles , California , United States ( and other venues around the United States ) . This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games , the first being in 1932 . California was the home state of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games . The logo for the 1984 Games , branded Stars in Motion , featured red , white and blue stars arranged horizontally and struck through with alternating streaks . The official mascot of the Games was Sam the Olympic Eagle . These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by a total of fourteen Eastern Bloc countries , including the Soviet Union and East Germany , in response to the American-led boycott of the previous 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation that opted to attend the Games . Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games for unrelated reasons . Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to the boycott , 140 National Olympic Committees took part , which was a record at the time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics and served as an example of how to run the model Olympic Games . As a result of low construction costs , coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding , the 1984 Olympic Games generated a profit of more than $ 250 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viliame Takayawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viliame_Takayawa', 'summary': 'Viliame Takayawa ( born 21 February 1949 ) is a Fijian judoka . He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Judo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1976 Summer Olympics , officially called the Games of the XXI Olympiad ( French : Les XXIes olympiques d'été ) , was an international multi-sport event in Montreal , Quebec , Canada , in 1976 , and the first Olympic Games held in Canada . Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12 , 1970 , at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam , over the bids of Moscow and Los Angeles . It was the first and , so far , only Summer Olympic Games to be held in Canada . Calgary and Vancouver later hosted the Winter Olympic Games in 1988 and 2010 , respectively . Twenty-nine countries , mostly African , boycotted the Montreal Games when the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) refused to ban New Zealand , after the New Zealand national rugby union team had toured South Africa earlier in 1976 in defiance of the United Nations ' calls for a sporting embargo . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miriama Tuisorisori-Chambault', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miriama_Tuisorisori-Chambault', 'summary': "Miriama Kadavu Tuisorisori-Chambault ( born 27 March 1952 ) is a Fijian sprinter . She competed in the women 's 100 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1972 Summer Olympics ( German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1972 ) , officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Munich , West Germany , from 26 August to 11 September 1972 . The sporting nature of the event was largely overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week , in which eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at Olympic village were killed by Black September terrorists . The 1972 Summer Olympics were the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany , after the 1936 Games in Berlin , which had taken place under the Nazi regime . The West German Government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world , as shown by the Games ' official motto , Die Heiteren Spiele , or the cheerful Games . The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo ( the Bright Sun ) by Otl Aicher , the designer and director of the visual conception commission . The Olympic mascot , the dachshund Waldi , was the first officially named Olympic mascot . The Olympic Fanfare was composed by Herbert Rehbein . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals . The Olympic Park ( Olympiapark ) is based on Frei Otto 's plans and after the Games became a Munich landmark . The competition sites , designed by architect Günther Behnisch , included the Olympic swimming hall , the Olympics Hall ( Olympiahalle , a multipurpose facility ) and the Olympic Stadium ( Olympiastadion ) , and an Olympic village very close to the park . The design of the stadium was considered revolutionary , with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes , used on such a large scale for the first time ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Usaia Sotutu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Usaia_Sotutu', 'summary': 'Usaia Naiteitei Sotutu ( born 20 September 1947 in Tavea , Bua , Fiji ) is a former runner who represented Fiji at the 1972 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1968 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968 ) , officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City , Mexico , from October 12 to the 27th . These were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Latin America and the first to be staged in a Spanish-speaking country . They were the first Games to use an all-weather ( smooth ) track for track and field events instead of the traditional cinder track . The 1968 Games were the third to be held in the last quarter of the year , after the 1956 Games in Melbourne and the 1964 Games in Tokyo . The Mexican Student Movement of 1968 happened concurrently and the Olympic Games were correlated to the government 's repression . The United States won the most gold and overall medals for the last time until 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viliame Liga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viliame_Liga', 'summary': "Viliame Liga ( 11 June 1932 - 1992 ) was a Fijian Olympic javelin thrower . He represented his country in the men 's javelin throw at the 1968 Summer Olympics . His distance was a 62.32 in the qualifiers ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Fiji at theOlympicsIOC codeFIJNOCFiji Association of Sports and National Olympic CommitteeWebsitewww.fijiolympiccommittee.comMedals Gold 1 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 1 Summer appearances19561960196419681972197619801984198819921996200020042008201220162020Winter appearances198819921994199820022006–2018 This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Fiji at the Olympics . [ 1 ] Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games .', 'uid': 'List_of_flag_bearers_for_Fiji_at_the_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Fiji at the Olympics. Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.'}	null	null	What is the furthest round the person who bore the flag for Fiji at the 2012 Olympic Games made it in the Olympic Games ?	second
0a037cc2941429bb	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles_by_year_(Germany)', 'title': 'List of best-selling singles by year (Germany)', 'header': ['#', 'Artist', "Artist 's nationality", 'Title'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jennifer Lopez featuring Pitbull', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez', 'summary': 'Jennifer Lynn Lopez ( born July 24 , 1969 ) , also known by her nickname J.Lo , is an American actress , singer , dancer , fashion designer , producer , and businesswoman . In 1991 , Lopez began appearing as a Fly Girl dancer on In Living Color , where she remained a regular until she decided to pursue an acting career in 1993 . For her first leading role in the 1997 Selena biopic of the same name , Lopez received a Golden Globe nomination and became the first Latin actress to earn over US $ 1 million for a film . She went on to star in Anaconda ( 1997 ) and Out of Sight ( 1998 ) , later establishing herself as the highest-paid Latin actress in Hollywood . Lopez ventured into the music industry with her debut studio album On the 6 ( 1999 ) , which helped propel the Latin pop movement in American music . With the simultaneous release of her second studio album J.Lo and her romantic comedy The Wedding Planner in 2001 , Lopez became the first woman to have a number one album and film in the same week . Her 2002 remix album , J to tha L-O ! The Remixes , became the first in history to debut at number one on the U.S . Billboard 200 . Later that year , she released her third studio album This Is Me . Then , and starred in the US box office number-one Maid in Manhattan . After starring in Gigli ( 2003 ) , a critical and commercial failure , Lopez subsequently starred in the successful romantic comedies Shall We Dance ?'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pitbull_(rapper)', 'summary': "Armando Christian Pérez ( born January 15 , 1981 ) , known professionally as Pitbull , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter and record producer . Pérez began his career in the early 2000s , recording reggaeton , latin hip hop and crunk music under a multitude of labels . In 2004 , he released his debut album M.I.A.M.I . under TVT Records and the executive production of Lil Jon . Pitbull later released his second album El Mariel , in 2006 and his third , The Boatlift , in 2007 . His fourth album , Rebelution ( 2009 ) , included his breakthrough hit single I Know You Want Me ( Calle Ocho ) , which peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the UK Singles Chart . After rebranding himself as a pop artist , Pitbull 's next English-language album , Planet Pit , featured his first US number one single Give Me Everything . His 2013 track from Global Warming : Meltdown , titled Timber , topped the charts in twenty nations , and hit # 1 in fifteen countries , including the US and UK . He performed the song We Are One ( Ole Ola ) along with Jennifer Lopez and Claudia Leitte , which served as the official theme of the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Pitbull 's music has sold over 100 million records worldwide , as well as number # 1 singles in 15 different countries . Pitbull 's other ventures include brand ambassadorship and for various entities , activism and philanthropy in the Latino American community , and a radio station ( Pitbull 's Globalization ) on Sirius XM Radio . As of May 2019 , Pitbull has won 35 Billboard Latin Music Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'On the Floor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/On_the_Floor', 'summary': "On the Floor is a song recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez for her seventh studio album , Love ? ( 2011 ) . Featuring American rapper Pitbull , it was released by Island Records on February 8 , 2011 as the lead single from the album . On the Floor was written by Kinnda Kee Hamid , AJ Junior , Teddy Sky , Bilal The Chef Hajji , Pitbull , Gonzalo Hermosa , Ulises Hermosa , along with the song 's producer RedOne . It is an up-tempo electro-house and dance-pop song with a common time tempo of 130 beats per minute . On the Floor incorporates elements of electro house and draws further musical influences from eurodance , Latin music and techno music . Lopez recorded a Spanish-language version of the song titled Ven a Bailar ( English : Come to Dance ) , which includes additional lyrical contributions from Julio Reyes Copello and Jimena Romero . Its development was motivated by Lopez 's Latin heritage and pays homage to her career-beginnings as a dancer . Interpolated within the song are recurrent elements of the 1982 Bolivian composition Llorando se fue written by Gonzalo and Ulises Hermosa , a composition that gained notoriety when it was sampled by Kaoma in their 1989 single Lambada . Lopez described On the Floor as an evolution of her classic sound and as something which sounded very current . The debut and release of On the Floor coincided with Lopez 's appointment as a judge on the tenth season of US reality TV show American Idol , as well as several other product endorsement deals . American Idol also provided a platform to debut the single 's music video , as well as the stage for Lopez 's first live performance of the song ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexandra Stan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexandra_Stan', 'summary': "Alexandra Ioana Stan ( born 10 June 1989 ) is a Romanian singer and songwriter . Born and raised in the city of Constanța , she made her worldwide breakthrough with the 2011 single Mr. Saxobeat , which was written and produced by Marcel Prodan and Andrei Nemirschi . They discovered Stan at a karaoke bar in 2009 and offered her a contract with their label Maan Records . Mr. Saxobeat followed the singer 's debut recording , Lollipop ( Param Pam Pam ) ( 2009 ) , which brought her fame in her native country . Mr. Saxobeat quickly achieved commercial success in Romania and abroad , reaching number one in several countries . Saxobeats , her debut studio album , was released in August 2011 and features the follow-up single Get Back ( ASAP ) ( 2011 ) , which together with Lemonade ( 2012 ) was a moderate hit in Europe . An alleged altercation with Prodan in 2013 delayed the release of Stan 's second album , Unlocked , which was eventually premiered in August 2014 . Two of its singles , Dance ( 2014 ) and Cherry Pop ( 2014 ) , were successful in Japan . Stan 's third studio album , Alesta , was released in March 2016 ; it led to a collaboration with Inna and Daddy Yankee on We Wan na ( 2015 ) , which reached the top 60 in several countries . Mami , her fourth record , followed in 2018 . Stan has received a number of awards and nominations , including the European Border Breakers Awards , Japan Gold Disc Awards , MTV Europe Music Awards and Romanian Music Awards . She is also referred to as one of the most successful Romanian artists alongside Inna ."}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': 'Mr. Saxobeat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mr._Saxobeat', 'summary': "Mr. Saxobeat is a song by Romanian singer Alexandra Stan , released on 28 January 2011 by Ego Records as the second single from her debut studio album , Saxobeats ( 2011 ) . The track was written and produced by Marcel Prodan and Andrei Nemirschi , and was recorded at their Maan Studio . Musically , Mr. Saxobeat is a Eurodance and dance-pop song , with its instrumentation consisting of synths , techno beats , saxophone and horn . The lyrics echo the singer 's vision of a perfect man ; her vocal delivery has been likened to Barbadian singer Rihanna by a music critic . Reviewers were positive towards the recording , with them praising its catchiness , the saxophone sequences and Stan 's voice . Mr. Saxobeat received award nominations at the 2011 Romanian Music Awards and Los Premios 40 Principales 2011 , as well as at the 2012 Echo Music Prize . Commercially , it became the singer 's breakthrough single , reaching the top ten of the charts in more than 20 countries and being awarded various certifications . As of June 2013 , the track sold almost one million units worldwide in less than a year . For promotion , an accompanying music video was shot by Iulian Moga in Buftea , Romania . Uploaded on YouTube on 14 November 2010 , it depicts Stan and two friends being arrested , interviewed by the police , put in jail and then escaping from the station . The singer performed the track on multiple occasions , and it was covered by artists such as Selena Gomez & the Scene and Omega . Mr. Saxobeat was also featured on television series and on video games Dance Central 3 and Just Dance 4 ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bruno Mars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruno_Mars', 'summary': "Peter Gene Hernandez ( born October 8 , 1985 ) , known professionally as Bruno Mars , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , multi-instrumentalist , and dancer . He is known for his stage performances , retro showmanship , and for performing in a wide range of musical styles , including Pop , R & B , funk , soul , reggae , hip hop , and rock . Mars is accompanied by his band , The Hooligans , who play a variety of instruments , such as electric guitar , bass , piano , keyboards , drums , and horns , and also serve as backup singers and dancers . Born and raised in Honolulu , Hawaii , Mars moved to Los Angeles in 2003 to pursue a musical career . After being dropped by Motown Records , Mars signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 2009 . In the same year , he co-founded the production team The Smeezingtons , responsible for various successful singles for Mars himself and other artists . Mars rose to fame in 2010 with the release of the successful singles Nothin ' on You by B.o.B and Billionaire by Travie McCoy , both of which featured his vocals on the hooks . His debut studio album Doo-Wops & Hooligans ( 2010 ) spawned the international number-one singles Just the Way You Are , Grenade , and The Lazy Song . The former won the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance . Mars ' second album , Unorthodox Jukebox ( 2012 ) , became his first number one album on the US Billboard 200 and won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album . Its singles Locked Out of Heaven and When I Was Your Man , reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . In 2014 , Mars collaborated with Mark Ronson on Uptown Funk , which topped many music charts worldwide and won Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 2016 Grammy Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Grenade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grenade_(song)', 'summary': "Grenade is a song by American singer and songwriter Bruno Mars from his debut studio album , Doo-Wops & Hooligans ( 2010 ) . A pop and R & B ballad , Grenade was written and produced by The Smeezingtons ( Mars , Phillip Lawrence , Ari Levine ) with additional songwriting by Brody Brown , Claude Kelly , and Andrew Wyatt . The song was developed from an unreleased track with similar lyrical themes played by record producer Benny Blanco to Mars . Grenade was completely rearranged and re - recorded two days before the album 's release . The song 's lyrics carry a message of unrequited love and how Mars ' heart was broken , despite his best efforts to show her his love . Initially released as a promotional single on September 28 , 2010 , it was later announced as the album 's second single , released by Atlantic and Elektra Records . Grenade was well received by critics , praising the vocals and emotional lyrics of the song and also considered it as one of the stand-out tracks on Doo-Wops & Hooligans . The single reached number one in fifteen different countries , giving Mars his third number one single on the Billboard Hot 100 , and topping the Canadian Hot 100 for three non-consecutive weeks . Grenade was certified eight times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and seven Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , as well as six times by Music Canada ( MC ) . Worldwide , it was the second best selling digital single of 2011 with 10.2 million copies . A music video for the single , directed by Nabil Elderkin , was released on November 19 , 2010 . In the video , Mars is seen dragging an upright piano through Los Angeles , by the time he arrives at the home of his beloved , he discovers she is with another man , so he decides to leave and ends up by killing himself ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adele', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adele', 'summary': "Adele Laurie Blue Adkins MBE ( /əˈdɛl/ ; born 5 May 1988 ) is an English singer-songwriter . After graduating from the BRIT School in 2006 , Adele signed a recording contract with XL Recordings . In 2007 , she received the Brit Awards Critics ' Choice Award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll . Her debut album , 19 , was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success . It is certified eight times platinum in the UK , and three times platinum in the US . The album contains her first song , Hometown Glory , written when she was 16 , which is based on her home suburb of West Norwood in London . An appearance she made on Saturday Night Live in late 2008 boosted her career in the US . At the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009 , Adele received the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance . Adele released her second studio album , 21 , in 2011 . The album was critically well received and surpassed the success of her debut , earning numerous awards in 2012 , among them a record-tying six Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year ; two Brit Awards , including British Album of the Year ; and three American Music Awards , including Favorite Pop/Rock Album . The album has been certified 17 times platinum in the UK , and is overall the fourth best-selling album in the nation . In the US , it has held the top position longer than any album since 1985 , and is certified diamond ."}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Rolling in the Deep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rolling_in_the_Deep', 'summary': "Rolling in the Deep is a song recorded by English singer-songwriter Adele for her second studio album , 21 . It is the lead single and opening track on the album . The song was written by Adele and Paul Epworth . The singer herself describes it as a dark blues-y gospel disco tune . The largest crossover hit in the United States from the past 25 years , Rolling in the Deep gained radio airplay from many different radio formats . It was first released on 29 November 2010 as the lead single from 21 in digital download format . The lyrics describe the emotions of a scorned lover . Rolling in the Deep was highly acclaimed by music critics and represented a commercial breakthrough for Adele , propelling her to international success . The song reached number one in 11 countries and the top five in many more regions . It was Adele 's first number-one song in the United States , reaching the top spot on many Billboard charts , including the Billboard Hot 100 where it was number one for seven weeks . By February 2012 , Rolling in the Deep had sold over 8.7 million copies in the United States , making it the best-selling digital song by a female artist in the US , the second-best-selling digital song in the US and Adele 's best-selling single outside her native country , topping her previous best-selling Chasing Pavements . Worldwide , it was the fifth-best-selling digital single of 2011 with sales of 8.2 million copies ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pietro Lombardi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pietro_Lombardi_(singer)', 'summary': 'Pietro Lombardi ( born 9 June 1992 , Karlsruhe , Baden-Württemberg , Germany ) is a German singer and the winner of season 8 of Deutschland sucht den Superstar . He is best known for his R & B songs and ballads .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Call My Name', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Call_My_Name_(Pietro_Lombardi_song)', 'summary': 'Call My Name is a song recorded by Pietro Lombardi from his first studio album Jackpot ( 2011 ) . The song is the debut single of the winner of the eighth season of Deutschland sucht den Superstar ( DSDS ) . It was written and produced by DSDS jury member Dieter Bohlen . The song was released on May 7 , 2011 .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marlon Roudette', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marlon_Roudette', 'summary': 'Marlon Rosegold Mcvey-Roudette ( born 5 January 1983 ) is a British-Vincentian recording artist , singer , rapper , songwriter and producer . He is the former front man for the duo Mattafix , who had their first number 1 , Big City Life , back in 2006 . After the group split , Roudette embarked on a solo career with two number one singles in Europe , New Age and When the Beat Drops Out ; the latter made it to number 7 on the UK chart and is certified platinum . In recent years he is also known for his co-writing work for artists including Sinead Harnett and Mabel McVey . He co-wrote Mabels hit singles Finders Keepers and Fine Line .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'New Age', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Age_(Marlon_Roudette_song)', 'summary': 'New Age is a song by British recording artist Marlon Roudette , released as the first single internationally from his debut studio album , Matter Fixed . The song was released as a single , initially in Germany , on 20 July 2011 . After high airplay on VIVA Germany , the single charted at number one on its first week of release in German singles chart and remained at number one for 8 consecutive weeks . It was the first single release from Roudette since his band Mattafix split , which is referenced by the album title . It has been certified Double Platinum in Germany for shipments exceeding 600,000 copies .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Snoop Dogg versus David Guetta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Snoop_Dogg', 'summary': "Calvin Cordozar Broadus Jr. ( born October 20 , 1971 ) , known professionally as Snoop Dogg , [ note 1 ] is an American rapper , singer , songwriter , producer , media personality , entrepreneur , and actor . His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre and featured on Dre 's solo debut , Deep Cover , and then on Dre 's solo debut album , The Chronic . He has since sold over 23 million albums in the United States and 35 million albums worldwide . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , produced by Dr. Dre , was released in 1993 by Death Row Records . Bolstered by excitement driven by Snoop 's featuring on The Chronic , the album debuted at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums charts . Selling almost a million copies in the first week of its release , Doggystyle became certified quadruple platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including What 's My Name ? and Gin & Juice . In 1994 Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was the Case , starring himself . His second album , Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on both charts , with Snoop 's Upside Ya Head as the lead single . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . After leaving Death Row Records , Snoop signed with No Limit Records , where he recorded his next three albums , Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told ( 1998 ) , No Limit Top Dogg ( 1999 ) , and Tha Last Meal ( 2000 ) . Snoop then signed with Priority/Capitol/EMI Records in 2002 , where he released Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss ."}, {'url': '/wiki/David_Guetta', 'summary': "Pierre David Guetta ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ pjɛʁ david ɡɛta ] ; /ˈɡɛtə/ ; born 7 November 1967 ) is a French DJ , music programmer , record producer and songwriter . He has sold over nine million albums and thirty million singles worldwide . In 2011 , Guetta was voted as the number one DJ in the DJ Mag Top 100 DJs poll . In 2013 , Billboard crowned When Love Takes Over as the number one dance-pop collaboration of all time . Born and raised in Paris , he released his first album , Just a Little More Love , in 2002 . Later , he released Guetta Blaster ( 2004 ) and Pop Life ( 2007 ) . Guetta achieved mainstream success with his 2009 album One Love which included the hit singles When Love Takes Over , Gettin ' Over You , Sexy Bitch and Memories , the first three of which reached number one in the United Kingdom . The 2011 follow-up album , Nothing but the Beat , continued this success , containing the hit singles Where Them Girls At , Little Bad Girl , Without You , Titanium and Turn Me On . He has been called the grandfather of EDM ."}]}, {'value': 'United States France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}, {'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Sweat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wet_(Snoop_Dogg_song)', 'summary': "Wet is the official lead single from hip-hop artist Snoop Dogg 's eleventh studio album Doggumentary . The original version was produced by The Cataracs . Wet reached # 40 on the Hot R & B/Hip-Hop Songs , # 18 on the Hot Rap Songs and # 13 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles . A remix of the song entitled Sweat was released by French DJ David Guetta on March 4 , 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LMFAO featuring Lauren Bennett and GoonRock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LMFAO', 'summary': "LMFAO ( an initialism for Laughing My Fucking Ass Off ) is an American electronic dance music duo consisting of uncle Redfoo and nephew SkyBlu . They respectively are a son and grandson of Motown Records founder Berry Gordy . RedFoo and SkyBlu grew up in Pacific Palisades , Los Angeles , where they formed the group LMFAO in 2006 and later became part of the electro house scene . LMFAO started building a local buzz through its shows and radio play . In 2010 , they were featured on David Guetta 's song Gettin ' Over You , which charted all over Europe and the United States , including reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart . LMFAO are known for their song Party Rock Anthem , which topped the charts in the United Kingdom , Australia , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Denmark , France , Germany , Ireland , New Zealand , Switzerland , and the United States . Party Rock Anthem also reached the top five in Italy and Norway and was the third best-selling digital single of 2011 with sales of 9.7 million copies worldwide . In September 2012 , the duo announced they would be taking an indefinite hiatus ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lauren_Bennett', 'summary': 'Lauren Diane Bennett ( born 23 June 1989 ) is an English singer , dancer , and model . She is best known as a member of the girl group G.R.L . She is also known for her work with the Paradiso Girls , CeeLo Green , Robin Antin of the Pussycat Dolls , and most notably with LMFAO , where she was featured on the 2011 summer hit Party Rock Anthem , achieving her first number one single in the United Kingdom and United States .'}, {'url': '/wiki/GoonRock', 'summary': "David Jamahl Listenbee , better known by his stage name GoonRock , is an American record producer , musician , singer , songwriter and rapper . Raised in Los Angeles , California , early in his career he focused on hip hop and sold beats to artists such as Dr. Dre , Ne-Yo , Kanye West , and Juvenile . He later began incorporating club music . GoonRock co-wrote and co-produced a number of songs on LMFAO 's 2011 album Sorry for Party Rocking , including hit singles Party Rock Anthem and Sexy and I Know It . In 2013 Goonrock co-wrote and produced A Little Party Never Killed Nobody ( All We Got ) for the international blockbuster film The Great Gatsby for Fergie featuring Q-Tip . In 2012 he co-wrote and produced two songs for Jennifer Lopez , including Clothes Off and Goin ' In . Goin ' In peaked at # 1 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs for 2012 . In 2015 and 2016 he released a number of singles under his last name Listenbee . These did not chart in the US or the UK , but had moderate success elsewhere in Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'United States United Kingdom United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Party Rock Anthem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Party_Rock_Anthem', 'summary': "Party Rock Anthem is a song by American music duo LMFAO , featuring British singer Lauren Bennett and American music producer GoonRock . It was released as the first single from their second album Sorry for Party Rocking in 2011 . The single went to number one in Australia , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Denmark , France , Germany , Iceland , Ireland , New Zealand , Switzerland , the United Kingdom and the United States . It also reached the top five in Finland , Italy , Norway , Poland and Sweden . It is the best-selling single of all time in Australia . Worldwide , it was the third best-selling digital single of 2011 with sales of 9.7 million copies . It is the third best-selling digital song in US history . Party Rock Anthem is currently ranked Billboard 's sixth most successful song of all time . It is currently one of the 70 most viewed videos on YouTube , with over 1.7 billion views . Party Rock Anthem is a mostly electronic composition . After being featured in the 2012 film 21 Jump Street , the film won the MTV Movie Award for Best Music . The song also won the Favorite Song award at the 2012 Kids ' Choice Awards ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pitbull featuring Ne-Yo , Afrojack and Nayer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pitbull_(rapper)', 'summary': "Armando Christian Pérez ( born January 15 , 1981 ) , known professionally as Pitbull , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter and record producer . Pérez began his career in the early 2000s , recording reggaeton , latin hip hop and crunk music under a multitude of labels . In 2004 , he released his debut album M.I.A.M.I . under TVT Records and the executive production of Lil Jon . Pitbull later released his second album El Mariel , in 2006 and his third , The Boatlift , in 2007 . His fourth album , Rebelution ( 2009 ) , included his breakthrough hit single I Know You Want Me ( Calle Ocho ) , which peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the UK Singles Chart . After rebranding himself as a pop artist , Pitbull 's next English-language album , Planet Pit , featured his first US number one single Give Me Everything . His 2013 track from Global Warming : Meltdown , titled Timber , topped the charts in twenty nations , and hit # 1 in fifteen countries , including the US and UK . He performed the song We Are One ( Ole Ola ) along with Jennifer Lopez and Claudia Leitte , which served as the official theme of the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Pitbull 's music has sold over 100 million records worldwide , as well as number # 1 singles in 15 different countries . Pitbull 's other ventures include brand ambassadorship and for various entities , activism and philanthropy in the Latino American community , and a radio station ( Pitbull 's Globalization ) on Sirius XM Radio . As of May 2019 , Pitbull has won 35 Billboard Latin Music Awards ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ne-Yo', 'summary': "Shaffer Chimere Smith ( born October 18 , 1979 ) , better known by his stage name Ne-Yo , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , actor and dancer . He gained fame for his songwriting abilities when he penned his 2004 hit Let Me Love You for singer Mario . The single 's successful release in the United States prompted an informal meeting between Ne-Yo and Def Jam 's label head and the signing of a recording contract . Ne-Yo 's debut solo single , Stay , was released in 2005 to moderate success . His debut studio album , In My Own Words ( 2006 ) , was critically and commercially successful , reaching number one on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States . It is certified platinum in the United States , United Kingdom , Japan and Australia and saw the success of the single So Sick , which topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States . Because of You ( 2007 ) , Ne-Yo 's second studio album , was the second number one platinum-selling album debuted on the Billboard 200 and Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums charts , and received the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 50th Grammy Awards . His third studio album , Year of the Gentleman ( 2008 ) , saw continued success and further Grammy Award nominations for Best Contemporary R & B Album as well as Album of the Year . Its singles Closer and Miss Independent were also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance , Best Male R & B Vocal Performance and Best R & B Song . Year of the Gentleman has been certified platinum twice in the US , selling two million copies , also platinum three times in the UK and once in Japan . Libra Scale ( 2010 ) , Ne-Yo 's fourth studio album , reached number one in the UK R & B Singles and Albums Charts and number nine on the US Billboard 200 , seeing a decline in overall sales . His fifth studio album , R.E.D ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Afrojack', 'summary': 'Nick van de Wall ( Dutch : [ ˈnɪk fɑn də ˈʋɑl ] ; born 9 September 1987 ) , professionally known as Afrojack , is a Dutch DJ , music programmer , record producer , and remixer from Spijkenisse . In 2007 , he founded the record label Wall Recordings ; his debut album Forget the World was released in 2014 . Afrojack regularly features as one of the ten best artists in the Top 100 DJs published by DJ Mag . He is also the CEO of LDH Europe .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nayer', 'summary': "Nayer Regalado ( born August 2 , 1987 ) , known mononymously as Nayer , is a Cuban-American singer . She gained recognition in 2011 after being featured on Pitbull 's hit single Give Me Everything , produced by Afrojack , and releasing her single Suave ( Kiss Me ) featuring Pitbull and Swedish-Congolese singer-songwriter Mohombi which was a success in Europe and the Middle East . Her other known collaborations include songs with Enrique Iglesias , Fonseca , Yomil ( of the Cuban duo Yomil y el Dany ) , Jean-Roch and Melissa ."}]}, {'value': 'United States Netherlands United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Give Me Everything', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Give_Me_Everything_(Pitbull_song)', 'summary': "Give Me Everything is a song written and performed by American rapper Pitbull , American R & B singer Ne-Yo , and Dutch DJ Afrojack , featuring additional vocals from American singer Nayer . Produced by Afrojack , it was released on March 18 , 2011 , as the second single from Pitbull 's sixth studio album , Planet Pit ( 2011 ) . Rolling Stone described the song as a club-pop cut with a plaintive Ne-Yo chorus . In the United States , Give Me Everything became Pitbull 's first number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 . It also became his first number one in the United Kingdom as the main artist . The song has also peaked at number one in Belgium , Canada , Ireland , the Netherlands and within the top-five in twelve countries . It was the seventh best-selling digital single of 2011 with worldwide sales of 11.2 million copies , making it one of the best-selling singles of all time ."}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tim Bendzko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_Bendzko', 'summary': 'Tim Bendzko ( born 9 April 1985 ) is a German singer-songwriter . He achieved nationwide recognition with his song Nur noch kurz die Welt retten and becoming the winner on the Bundesvision Song Contest .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Nur noch kurz die Welt retten', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunrise Avenue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunrise_Avenue', 'summary': "Sunrise Avenue is a Finnish rock band originally formed in 2002 in Helsinki , Finland . In the early days , the band was called Sunrise and the name was changed to Sunrise Avenue in 2003 . Their style varies from rock and pop-rock to rock ballads . The band has sold more than 2,000,000 albums and 2,000,000 singles and played several tours and more than a thousand shows in twenty European countries and Japan . [ citation needed ] Sunrise Avenue 's best known songs are Hollywood Hills ( 2011 ) , Fairytale Gone Bad ( 2006 ) , Forever Yours ( 2007 ) , The Whole Story ( 2009 ) , Heal Me ( 2007 ) , Welcome To My Life ( 2009 ) , and Heartbreak Century ( 2017 ) . The band has released five studio albums , two live albums , three live DVDs , a best-of album and 21 singles . They are successful and known across continental Europe , especially their home country and Germany . On 2 December 2019 they announced their intention to disband in 2020 , with the release of one final single and tour for 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Finland', 'summary': "Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions ."}]}, {'value': 'Hollywood Hills', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lucenzo featuring Don Omar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lucenzo', 'summary': 'Luís Filipe Oliveira ( born 27 May 1983 ) , better known by his stage name Lucenzo , is a Portuguese-French reggaeton recording artist and record producer . His parents emigrated to France , from Portugal . Lucenzo signed with the Universal Music record label . He is best known for his dance hit with rapper Big Ali , Vem dançar Kuduro . Puerto Rican reggaeton artist Don Omar released a Spanish/Portuguese version of the song under the title Danza Kuduro with Lucenzo .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Don_Omar', 'summary': 'William Omar Landrón Rivera ( February 10 , 1978 ) better known by his stage name Don Omar , is a Puerto Rican reggaeton singer and actor . He is sometimes referred to by his nicknames El Rey , and King of Kings of Reggaeton Music . On 1 September 2017 , he announced that he would retire after a series of concerts at the José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum in Puerto Rico , scheduled to be held on 15 , 16 and 17 December . He returned to music on 20 April with his song Ramayama with Farruko .'}]}, {'value': 'Portugal United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portugal', 'summary': "Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Danza Kuduro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danza_Kuduro', 'summary': 'Vem Dançar Kuduro ( English : Come Dance Kuduro ) is a multilingual Portuguese/English dance hit single by Lucenzo , a France-based artist of Portuguese origin featuring also France-based American artist Big Ali . Lucenzo sings in Portuguese and Big Ali in English . Vem Dançar Kuduro ( meaning Come Dance Kuduro in English ) , with kuduro being an Angolan type of music , had a big success in France , with the single Vem Dançar Kuduro reaching number 2 in the SNEP French Top 100 charts ( based solely on actual sales of singles ) and number 1 on the French Club 40 charts ( based on actual plays in 80 discos in France ) . Vem Dançar Kuduro was also a hit in Denmark , Finland , Netherlands , Norway , Sweden and Switzerland . Many popular remix versions of the song have been made . Following the success of the song , Don Omar released with Lucenzo a Spanish-language single Danza Kuduro that samples on a large part on Vem Dançar Kuduro , but is a distinct song . At times , both versions have appeared separately on the same chart in certain European countries . These include Belgium , Canada , Denmark , Finland , France , Germany , Norway , Sweden and Switzerland where both songs were hits .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rihanna featuring Calvin Harris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rihanna', 'summary': "Robyn Rihanna Fenty ( /riˈænə/ ree-AN-ə ; [ n 1 ] born February 20 , 1988 ) is a Barbadian singer , songwriter , actress , and businesswoman , who has been recognized for embracing various musical styles and reinventing her image throughout her career . Born in Saint Michael and raised in Bridgetown , Barbados , Rihanna moved to the US in 2005 , when she signed with Def Jam Recordings . She earned significant recognition following the release of her first two studio albums , Music of the Sun ( 2005 ) and A Girl like Me ( 2006 ) , both of which were influenced by Caribbean music and peaked within the top ten of the US Billboard 200 chart . Rihanna 's third studio album , Good Girl Gone Bad ( 2007 ) , incorporated more elements of dance-pop and catapulted her to greater stardom , establishing her status as a sex symbol and a leading figure in the music industry . Its international chart-topping single Umbrella earned Rihanna her first Grammy Award , winning Best Rap/Sung Collaboration . Rihanna extended her fusion of pop , dance , and R & B on her next four studio albums , Rated R ( 2009 ) , Loud ( 2010 ) , Talk That Talk ( 2011 ) , and the Grammy Award-winning Unapologetic ( 2012 ) . All four releases incorporated experimentation of various musical styles and consolidated Rihanna 's international chart success , Unapologetic being her first number-one album in the US . The records spawned a string of chart-topping singles , including Rude Boy , Only Girl ( In the World ) , What 's My Name ? , S & M , We Found Love , Diamonds , and Stay . Her eighth studio album , Anti ( 2016 ) , showcased her control over artistic creativity after her departure from Def Jam . It became her second US number-one album and featured the chart-topping single Work . Besides solo materials , Rihanna has collaborated with recording artists such as Drake , Eminem , and Calvin Harris . Having sold over 250 million records , Rihanna is one of the world 's best-selling music artists ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Calvin_Harris', 'summary': "Adam Richard Wiles ( born 17 January 1984 ) , known professionally as Calvin Harris , is a Scottish DJ , record producer , singer , and songwriter . He is known for his singles We Found Love , This Is What You Came For , Summer , Feel So Close , Feels , and One Kiss . His collaboration with Rihanna , We Found Love , became an international success , giving Harris his first number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 . He has released five studio albums and runs his own record label , Fly Eye Records , which he founded in 2010 . His debut studio album , I Created Disco , was released in June 2007 . Its singles Acceptable in the 80s and The Girls both reached the top 10 in the UK . In 2009 , he released his second studio album , Ready for the Weekend , which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and whose lead single , I 'm Not Alone , became his first song to top the UK Singles Chart . In 2012 , Harris rose to international prominence with the release of his third studio album , 18 Months , which topped the UK Albums charts and became his first album to chart on the US Billboard 200 , peaking at number 19 . All eight of the album 's singles reached the top 10 in the UK , breaking the record for the most top 10 songs from one studio album on the UK Singles Chart with eight entries , surpassing Michael Jackson 's record . In 2014 , he released his fourth studio album , Motion , which debuted at number two in the UK and number five in the US . In 2017 , he released his fifth studio album , Funk Wav Bounces Vol . 1 , which reached the top 2 in the UK and the US and became his third consecutive number one album on the US Dance/Electronic Albums chart ."}]}, {'value': 'Barbados United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barbados', 'summary': 'Barbados ( /bɑːrˈbeɪdɒs/ ( listen ) or /-doʊs/ ) is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies , in the Caribbean region of North America . It is 34 kilometres ( 21 miles ) in length and up to 23 km ( 14 mi ) in width , covering an area of 432 km2 ( 167 sq mi ) . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 km ( 62 mi ) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea ; therein , Barbados is east of the Windwards , part of the Lesser Antilles , roughly at 13°N of the equator . It is about 168 km ( 104 mi ) east of both the countries of Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and 180 km ( 110 mi ) south-east of Martinique and 400 km ( 250 mi ) north-east of Trinidad and Tobago . Barbados is outside the principal Atlantic hurricane belt . Its capital and largest city is Bridgetown . Inhabited by Kalinago people since the 13th century , and prior to that by other Amerindians , Barbados was visited by Spanish navigators in the late 15th century and claimed for the Spanish Crown . It first appeared in a Spanish map in 1511 . The Portuguese Empire claimed the island between 1532 and 1536 , but later abandoned it in 1620 ; with their only remnants being an introduction of wild boars for a good supply of meat whenever the island was visited , and to replenish their water supply . An English ship , the Olive Blossom , arrived in Barbados on 14 May 1625 ; its men took possession of it in the name of King James I . In 1627 , the first permanent settlers arrived from England , and it became an English and later British colony . As a wealthy sugar colony , it became an English centre of the African slave trade until that trade was outlawed in 1807 , with final emancipation of slaves in Barbados occurring over a period of years from 1833 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'We Found Love', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/We_Found_Love', 'summary': "We Found Love is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna from her sixth studio album , Talk That Talk ( 2011 ) . It was written and produced by , and performed by Scottish DJ Calvin Harris ; the song was also featured on his third album 18 Months ( 2012 ) . We Found Love premiered on September 22 , 2011 , on the Capital FM radio station in the United Kingdom , and was made available to download on the same day as the lead single from Talk That Talk . We Found Love is an uptempo electro house song , with elements of dance-pop , techno and Europop . The song 's lyrics speak of a couple who found love in a hopeless place . The song topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for ten non-consecutive weeks , becoming the longest running number-one single of 2011 . The single also surpassed Umbrella and became Rihanna 's longest running number one single . It was the singer 's eleventh song to top the Hot 100 , placing her in third place among female recording artists amassing the most number one singles . We Found Love topped the charts in twenty-five other countries including Canada , Ireland , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . According to Billboard it is the 24th most successful single of all time in the US . As of 2018 , the single has sold 20.5 million copies worldwide , thus being one of the best selling singles of all time . The song 's accompanying music video , directed by Melina Matsoukas , depicts the singer as a drug-abusing thrill-seeker in a relationship that quickly spirals downward into addiction and violence ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caro Emerald', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caro_Emerald', 'summary': "Caroline Esmeralda van der Leeuw ( born 26 April 1981 ) , better known by her stage name Caro Emerald , is a Dutch pop and jazz singer . Active since 2007 , she rose to prominence in 2009 with Back It Up . Follow-up single A Night Like This topped charts in the Netherlands . Emerald is often praised for her outstanding live performances . She predominantly performs in English . Her debut album Deleted Scenes from the Cutting Room Floor was conceived , written and produced as a studio project by Dutch songwriter/producer/creative director David Schreurs , Canadian songwriter Vincent Degiorgio and Dutch producer Jan van Wieringen , with Caro Emerald as the starring artist . In August 2010 , the album spent its 30th week at number one in the Dutch album charts , setting an all-time record and beating Michael Jackson 's Thriller by one week . The album became the biggest selling album of 2010 in the Netherlands with over 350,000 copies to date . Worldwide , approximately 2 million copies have been sold to date . On 3 October 2010 , Emerald was awarded the Dutch music prize Edison Award for Best Female Artist . In 2013 , a second studio album titled The Shocking Miss Emerald was released . The album entered at number one in the Dutch and United Kingdom album charts and sold over 600.000 copies ."}]}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': 'A Night Like This', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Night_like_This_(song)', 'summary': "A Night like This is the second single by Caro Emerald , taken from the album Deleted Scenes from the Cutting Room Floor . It was released on 11 December 2009 in the Netherlands after it was first presented in an online Martini commercial on 16 October . Being released in 2010 in Europe , including the UK where it peaked at Number 65 in the UK Singles Chart . It was added to the ' A ' list on BBC Radio One ."}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maroon 5 featuring Christina Aguilera', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maroon_5', 'summary': "Maroon 5 is an American pop rock band from Los Angeles , California . It currently consists of lead vocalist Adam Levine , keyboardist and rhythm guitarist Jesse Carmichael , bassist Mickey Madden , lead guitarist James Valentine , drummer Matt Flynn , keyboardist PJ Morton , and multi-instrumentalist Sam Farrar . Original members Levine , Carmichael , Madden , and drummer Ryan Dusick first came together as Kara 's Flowers in 1994 , while they were still in high school . After self-releasing their independent album We Like Digging ? , the band signed to Reprise Records and released the album The Fourth World in 1997 . The album garnered a tepid response , after which the record label dropped the band and the members focused on college . In 2001 , the band re-emerged as Maroon 5 , pursuing a different direction and adding guitarist Valentine . The band signed with Octone Records , an independent record label with a separate joint venture relationship with J Records and released their debut album Songs About Jane in June 2002 . Aided by its lead single , Harder to Breathe , which received heavy airplay , the album peaked at number six on the Billboard 200 chart , and went platinum in 2004 . The band won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 2005 . In 2006 , Dusick left the band after suffering from serious wrist and shoulder injuries and was replaced by Matt Flynn . The band 's second album It Wo n't Be Soon Before Long , was released in May 2007 . It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart and the lead single Makes Me Wonder , became the band 's first number one single on the Billboard Hot 100 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Christina_Aguilera', 'summary': "Christina María Aguilera ( /ˌæɡɪˈlɛərə/ , Spanish : [ aɣiˈleɾa ] ; born December 18 , 1980 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress and television personality . Her accolades include five Grammy Awards , one Latin Grammy Award , and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . Aguilera ranked at number 58 on Rolling Stone 's list of 100 Greatest Singers of All Time in 2008 , and was included on Time 's annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 . With estimated sales of 75 million records , she is one of the world 's best-selling music artists . Born in Staten Island of New York City and raised in Pennsylvania , Aguilera appeared on television shows in her early years , before gaining a recording contract with RCA Records in 1998 . Her self-titled debut album , released in 1999 , reached number one in the US and spawned three US number-one singles : Genie in a Bottle , What a Girl Wants , and Come On Over Baby ( All I Want Is You ) . While recognized as a prominent figure in the contemporary teen pop scene , Aguilera sought to assume artistic control with Stripped ( 2002 ) and its lead single Dirrty , which displayed her sexually emancipated persona and generated considerable controversy . The second single from the album , Beautiful , received favorable response for its empowering lyrics and became an anthem for the LGBT community . Aguilera scored her second US number-one album with Back to Basics ( 2006 ) , which drew inspiration from early 20th-century jazz , soul , and blues , and spawned the top-ten singles Ai n't No Other Man , Hurt , and Candyman . Her next three albums , Bionic ( 2010 ) , Lotus ( 2012 ) , and Liberation ( 2018 ) , all experimented with various musical styles and reached the top ten in the US . Besides solo materials , Aguilera earned chart-topping entries with collaborations including Lady Marmalade , Moves like Jagger , Feel This Moment , and Say Something . Alongside her music career , Aguilera starred in the film Burlesque ( 2010 ) and was a coach on six seasons of the singing competition television series The Voice from 2011 to 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Moves like Jagger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moves_like_Jagger', 'summary': "Moves like Jagger is a song by American band Maroon 5 featuring singer Christina Aguilera . It was released by A & M Octone Records on June 21 , 2011 , as the fourth and final single from the re-release of the group 's third studio album Hands All Over ( 2010 ) . The song was written by Adam Levine , Ammar Malik , Benjamin Levin , and Shellback ; the latter two are also the producers . Moves like Jagger is a disco and electropop song and is backed by synths and electronic drums . The lyrics refer to a male bragging about his ability to sexually arouse his love interest , which he compares to those of Mick Jagger , lead singer of The Rolling Stones . Moves like Jagger was well received by music critics , who praised the song 's chorus . Praise also went to the vocals of Levine and Aguilera , with critics pointing out solid chemistry between the two . Likewise , the song was a commercial success , going on to top the charts in over 18 countries . In the United States , Moves like Jagger became the band 's second ( after 2007 's Makes Me Wonder ) and Aguilera 's fifth number-one single and is among the best-selling singles of all time . The song also made Aguilera the second female artist to score a number-one hit in the 1990s , 2000s , and 2010s ( the first being Britney Spears ) , which in turn made her the fifth female to score number-one singles in three different decades , after Janet Jackson , Madonna , Spears and Cher . Worldwide , it was the ninth-best-selling digital single of 2011 with sales of 7 million copies . As of 2016 , the song ranks as one of the eight best-selling digital singles of all time with sales of over 15 million copies ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adele', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adele', 'summary': "Adele Laurie Blue Adkins MBE ( /əˈdɛl/ ; born 5 May 1988 ) is an English singer-songwriter . After graduating from the BRIT School in 2006 , Adele signed a recording contract with XL Recordings . In 2007 , she received the Brit Awards Critics ' Choice Award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll . Her debut album , 19 , was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success . It is certified eight times platinum in the UK , and three times platinum in the US . The album contains her first song , Hometown Glory , written when she was 16 , which is based on her home suburb of West Norwood in London . An appearance she made on Saturday Night Live in late 2008 boosted her career in the US . At the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009 , Adele received the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance . Adele released her second studio album , 21 , in 2011 . The album was critically well received and surpassed the success of her debut , earning numerous awards in 2012 , among them a record-tying six Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year ; two Brit Awards , including British Album of the Year ; and three American Music Awards , including Favorite Pop/Rock Album . The album has been certified 17 times platinum in the UK , and is overall the fourth best-selling album in the nation . In the US , it has held the top position longer than any album since 1985 , and is certified diamond ."}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Set Fire to the Rain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Set_Fire_to_the_Rain', 'summary': "Set Fire to the Rain is a song by English singer-songwriter Adele from her second studio album 21 . The song was Adele 's third consecutive US number-one single from 21 , and reached the top ten in a number of other markets . The song was voted by readers of Billboard as their favorite number one hit of 2012 . The song 's live rendition from the DVD Live at the Royal Albert Hall won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lady Gaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lady_Gaga', 'summary': "Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta ( /ˈstɛfəni ˌdʒɜːrməˈnɒtə/ STEF-ən-ee JUR-mə-NOT-ə ) ( born March 28 , 1986 ) , known professionally as Lady Gaga , is an American singer , songwriter , and actress . She is known for reinventing herself throughout her career and for her versatility in numerous areas of the entertainment industry . Gaga began performing as a teenager , singing at open mic nights and acting in school plays . She studied at Collaborative Arts Project 21 , through New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts , before dropping out to pursue a music career . When Def Jam Recordings canceled her contract , she worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing , where Akon helped her sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and his own label KonLive Distribution in 2007 . She rose to prominence the following year with her debut album , the electropop record The Fame , and its chart-topping singles Just Dance and Poker Face . The follow-up EP The Fame Monster ( 2009 ) , along with the singles Bad Romance , Telephone and Alejandro , were also successful . Gaga 's second full-length album , Born This Way ( 2011 ) , explored electronic rock and techno-pop and debuted atop the US Billboard 200 with more than one million copies sold . Its title track became the fastest-selling song on the iTunes Store with over a million downloads in less than a week . Gaga experimented with EDM on her third studio album , Artpop ( 2013 ) , which included the single Applause . Her collaborative jazz album with Tony Bennett , Cheek to Cheek ( 2014 ) , and her soft rock-influenced fifth studio album , Joanne ( 2016 ) , continued to top the US charts . During this period , Gaga ventured into acting , playing leading roles in the miniseries American Horror Story : Hotel ( 2015-2016 ) , for which she received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress , and the critically acclaimed musical drama film A Star Is Born ( 2018 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Born This Way', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Born_This_Way_(song)', 'summary': "Born This Way is a song by American singer Lady Gaga , and the lead single from her second studio album of the same name . Written by Gaga and Jeppe Laursen , who produced it along with Fernando Garibay and DJ White Shadow , the track was developed while Gaga was on the road with The Monster Ball Tour . Inspired by 1990s music which empowered women and the gay community , Gaga explained that Born This Way was her freedom song . She sang part of the chorus at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards in 2010 and announced the song as the lead single from the album , released on February 11 , 2011 . Born This Way is backed by rumbling synth sounds , a humming bass and additional chorus percussion , with sole organ toward the end . The lyrics discuss the self-empowerment of minorities including the LGBT community as well as racial minorities , referring to cholas and orients . Critics positively reviewed the song , calling it a club-ready anthem , though it faced criticism for having similarities with Madonna 's 1989 single Express Yourself . The song reached number one in over 25 countries and was her third single to top the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and the 1,000th song in that chart 's history ( since 1958 ) to reach number one . Born This Way has sold 8.2 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . Nick Knight directed the accompanying music video , which was inspired by surrealist painters like Salvador Dalí and Francis Bacon . Gaga is depicted as giving birth to a new race during a prologue . After a series of dance sequences , the video concludes with the view of a city populated by this race ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taio Cruz featuring Kylie Minogue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taio_Cruz', 'summary': "Jacob Taio Cruz ( born Adetayo Ayowale Onile-Ere ; April 23 , 1985 ) , known professionally as Taio Cruz /taɪ.oʊˈkruːz/ , is an English singer , songwriter , rapper and record producer . In 2008 , he released his debut album Departure , which he wrote , arranged and produced . The album achieved certified gold status in the United Kingdom and earned him a Music of Black Origin Awards ( MOBO ) nomination . In October 2009 , Cruz released his follow-up album Rokstarr , which includes the number one singles Break Your Heart and Dynamite . Cruz collaborated with Kesha on the single Dirty Picture , and with Kylie Minogue and Travie McCoy on his single Higher . Cruz wrote and recorded the song Telling the World as the lead single from the soundtrack to the 2011 animated film Rio . Cruz 's third studio album , TY.O , was first released in Germany in December 2011 . In 2012 , Cruz co-wrote David Guetta and Usher 's song Without You . In April 2015 , Cruz released the first single , Do What You Like from his forthcoming Roses Collection . In late 2015 , Taio added vocals to Tujamo 's Melbourne track , Booty Bounce which was released by Spinnin ' Records ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kylie_Minogue', 'summary': 'Kylie Ann Minogue , AO , OBE ( /mɪˈnoʊɡ/ ; born 28 May 1968 ) , often known simply as Kylie , is an Australian singer , songwriter and actress . Throughout her career , Minogue has been known for reinventing herself in fashion and music . She is described as a style icon and has been recognised with several honorific nicknames , most notably the Princess of Pop . Minogue is also recognised as the highest-selling female Australian artist of all time . Born and raised in Melbourne , she has worked and lived in the United Kingdom since the 1990s . Minogue achieved recognition starring in the Australian soap opera Neighbours , where she played tomboy mechanic Charlene Robinson . She came to prominence as a recording artist in the late 1980s and released four bubblegum and dance-pop-influenced studio albums produced by Stock Aitken Waterman and released by PWL . By the time she released her fourth album in the early 1990s , she had amassed several top ten singles in the UK and Australia , including I Should Be So Lucky , The Loco-Motion , Hand on Your Heart , Better the Devil You Know and Step Back in Time . Minogue , however , felt alienated and dissatisfied with the little creative control she had over her music . In 1992 , she left PWL and signed with Deconstruction Records , where she released Kylie Minogue ( 1994 ) and Impossible Princess ( 1997 ) , both of which received positive reviews from critics , with the latter being often described as her most personal and best work . Returning to more mainstream dance-oriented music , Minogue signed to Parlophone and released her disco-influenced seventh studio album Light Years ( 2000 ) , which was preceded by lead single Spinning Around . The follow-up , Fever ( 2001 ) became her best-selling album to date and was a breakthrough for Minogue in markets where she had little recognition previously .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Higher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Higher_(Taio_Cruz_song)', 'summary': "Higher is the fifth single from English singer-songwriter Taio Cruz 's second studio album , Rokstarr . It was written and produced by Cruz and Sandy Vee , and was released on 26 November 2010 . This song was originally written for Australian singer Kylie Minogue 's album Aphrodite , but plans fell through . However , Cruz and Minogue recorded a version of the song for the European release , while American rapper Travie McCoy recorded guest raps for the American release . The Brazilian and United Kingdom versions have parts of McCoy 's rap mixed into the Minogue version . The version on Cruz 's albums feature a solo vocal by Cruz with no guest vocalist and an edited version of the solo version was added to Radio Disney 's playlist ."}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lana Del Rey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lana_Del_Rey', 'summary': "Elizabeth Woolridge Grant ( born June 21 , 1985 ) , known professionally as Lana Del Rey , is an American singer , songwriter and record producer . Her music is noted for its stylized cinematic quality ; its themes of tragic romance , glamour , and melancholia ; and its references to pop culture , particularly 1950s and 1960s Americana . Born in New York City and raised in Upstate New York , Del Rey began her music career in July 2006 . Following numerous projects including her debut studio album and the unreleased Sirens , Del Rey 's breakthrough came after the viral success of her debut single Video Games in 2011 . She signed with Interscope and Polydor later that year . Her major label debut Born to Die ( 2012 ) proved an international success and spawned a top-ten single on the Billboard Hot 100 with the Cedric Gervais remix of Summertime Sadness , as well as the internationally successful singles Blue Jeans , Born to Die , and National Anthem . Del Rey then released the Grammy-nominated EP , Paradise in 2012 . The next year , Del Rey ventured into film as she wrote and starred in the short music film , Tropico , and released Young and Beautiful as the lead single for the romantic drama film The Great Gatsby ( 2013 ) . Del Rey subsequently issued her sophomore major label effort , Ultraviolence ( 2014 ) , to critical success , topping the charts and spawning the single , West Coast . That same year , Del Rey recorded the eponymous theme for the drama film Big Eyes , which garnered her Grammy and Golden Globe nominations . She released the album Honeymoon in 2015 and Lust for Life in 2017 , the latter of which topped the charts in the U.S. and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album . Del Rey 's sixth studio album , Norman Fucking Rockwell !"}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Video Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Video_Games_(song)', 'summary': "Video Games is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey for her second studio album and major label debut , Born to Die ( 2012 ) . It was first released to the Internet on June 29 , 2011 , was later released on her extended play , Lana Del Rey , and re-released as the lead single from her second studio album , Born to Die on October 7 , 2011 , through Interscope Records . The song was produced by Robopop while the lyrics were written by Del Rey and Justin Parker . Video Games is a baroque pop ballad that speaks of the protagonist who , despite being ignored by her significant other , resolves to love him regardless . Video Games has received several accolades from critics since its release . The song has been considered Del Rey 's breakthrough hit and was a commercial success , peaking at number one in Germany , Iceland and Luxembourg , reaching a top ten position in Belgium , France , the Netherlands and the United Kingdom and peaked at 91 on Billboard Hot 100 chart and was certified Gold . The song 's accompanying music video was directed and edited by Del Rey herself , combining scenes of her performing the song filmed on a webcam with clips of archive footage . The song won an Ivor Novello Award for Best Contemporary Song in 2012 and was nominated for several other awards shortly after release . In the Q Awards 2019 , the song has been named as the song of the decade . Video Games was also included in the book 1001 Songs You Must Hear Before You Die ."}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jupiter Jones [ de ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Still', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '2011', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_best-selling_singles_by_year_(Germany)_11', 'intro': 'This is a list of the twenty best-selling singles on the Media Control Charts in Germany from 2000 to 2018. The data was found out by Media Control and is based on the singles sold.'}	null	null	The singer of the single Video Games was born with what first name ?	Elizabeth
0a0620ce5e802948	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reserves_for_waterbirds_and_migratory_birds_in_Switzerland', 'title': 'List of reserves for waterbirds and migratory birds in Switzerland', 'header': ['Number', 'Reserve', 'Canton', 'Since', 'Revised'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ermatingerbecken of Lake Constance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ermatingen', 'summary': 'Ermatingen is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lake_Constance', 'summary': 'Lake Constance ( German : Bodensee ) refers to three bodies of water on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps : the Obersee or Upper Lake Constance , the Untersee or Lower Lake Constance , and a connecting stretch of the Rhine , called the Seerhein . These waterbodies lie within the Lake Constance Basin ( Bodenseebecken ) , which is part of the Alpine Foreland and through which the Rhine flows . The lake is situated where Germany , Switzerland , and Austria meet . Its shorelines lie in the German states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg , the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen , Thurgau , and Schaffhausen , and the Austrian state of Vorarlberg . The Rhine flows into the lake from the south , with its original course forming the Austro-Swiss border , and has its outflow on the Lower Lake where - except for Schaffhausen - it forms the German-Swiss border until the city of Basel . The most populous cities on the lake are Constance ( German : Konstanz ) , Friedrichshafen , Radolfzell am Bodensee , Bregenz , and Lindau ( Bodensee ) . The largest islands are Reichenau in the Lower Lake , and Lindau and Mainau in the Upper Lake .'}]}, {'value': 'Thurgau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Thurgau', 'summary': "The canton of Thurgau ( German : Thurgau ( help·info ) , anglicized as Thurgovia ) is a northeast canton of Switzerland . It is named for the river Thur , and the name Thurgovia was historically used for a larger area , including part of this river 's basin upstream of the modern canton . The area of what is now Thurgau was acquired as subject territories by the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the mid 15th century . Thurgau was first declared a canton in its own right at the formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798 . The population , as of December 2018 [ update ] , is 276,472 . In 2007 , there were a total of 47,390 ( or 19.9% of the population ) who were resident foreigners . The capital is Frauenfeld ."}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stein am Rhein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stein_am_Rhein', 'summary': "Stein am Rhein ( abbreviated as Stein a. R. ) is a historic town and a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland . The town 's medieval centre retains the ancient street plan . The site of the city wall , and the city gates are preserved , though the former city wall now consists of houses . The medieval part of the town has been pedestrianised and many of the medieval buildings are painted with frescoes ."}]}, {'value': 'Schaffhausen , Thurgau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen', 'summary': "The canton of Schaffhausen , also canton of Schaffouse ( German : Schaffhausen ( help·info ) ) is the northernmost canton of Switzerland . The principal city and capital of the canton is Schaffhausen . The canton 's territory is divided into three non-contiguous segments , where German territory reaches the Rhine . The large central part , which includes the capital , in turn separates the German exclave of Büsingen am Hochrhein from the rest of Germany ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Thurgau', 'summary': "The canton of Thurgau ( German : Thurgau ( help·info ) , anglicized as Thurgovia ) is a northeast canton of Switzerland . It is named for the river Thur , and the name Thurgovia was historically used for a larger area , including part of this river 's basin upstream of the modern canton . The area of what is now Thurgau was acquired as subject territories by the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the mid 15th century . Thurgau was first declared a canton in its own right at the formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798 . The population , as of December 2018 [ update ] , is 276,472 . In 2007 , there were a total of 47,390 ( or 19.9% of the population ) who were resident foreigners . The capital is Frauenfeld ."}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Klingnauerstausee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Klingnauerstausee', 'summary': 'The Klingnauer Stausee ( or Klingnau reservoir ) is a reservoir near Böttstein , canton of Aargau , Switzerland , at 47°35′N 8°14′E / 47.583°N 8.233°E / 47.583 ; 8.233 . The reservoir with a surface of 1.16 km2 ( 0.45 sq mi ) was formed at the construction of a power plant on the Aare river in the 1930s . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Aargau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Aargau', 'summary': 'The canton of Aargau ( German : Kanton Aargau [ ˈaːrɡaʊ ] ( listen ) ; sometimes Latinized as Argovia ; see also other names ) is one of the more northerly cantons of Switzerland . It is situated by the lower course of the Aare , which is why the canton is called Aar-gau ( meaning Aare province ) . It is one of the most densely populated regions of Switzerland .'}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fanel - Chablais de Cudrefin , Pointe de Marin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chablais', 'summary': 'Chablais was a province of the Duchy of Savoy . Its capital was Thonon-les-Bains . Chablais was elevated to a duchy in 1311 by Henry VII , Holy Roman Emperor . This region is currently divided into three territories , the Chablais savoyard , the Chablais valaisan , and the Chablais vaudois , and is now split across two countries : France ( department of Haute-Savoie ) and Switzerland ( cantons of Valais and Vaud ) . The Chablais Alps is a mountain range situated between the two countries .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cudrefin', 'summary': 'Cudrefin is a municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland .'}]}, {'value': 'Berne , Fribourg , Vaud , Neuchâtel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Berne', 'summary': 'The canton of Bern or Berne ( German : Kanton Bern ; French : canton de Berne ) is the second-largest of the 26 Swiss cantons by both surface area and population . Located in west-central Switzerland , it borders the canton of Jura and the canton of Solothurn to the north . To the west lie the canton of Neuchâtel , the canton of Fribourg and canton of Vaud . To the south lies the canton of Valais . East of the canton of Bern lie the cantons of Uri , Nidwalden , Obwalden , Lucerne and Aargau . The canton of Bern is bilingual and has a population ( as of 31 December 2018 ) of 1,034,977 . As of 2007 [ update ] , the population included 119,930 ( or 12.45% ) foreigners . The cantonal capital , also the federal city of Switzerland , is Bern . Other major cities are Thun and Biel/Bienne .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg', 'summary': 'The canton of Fribourg , also canton of Friburg ( French : canton de Fribourg , German : Kanton Freiburg ( help·info ) ) is located in western Switzerland . The canton is bilingual , with French spoken by two thirds of the citizens and German by about one third . Both are official languages in the canton . The canton takes its name from its capital city of Fribourg .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Vaud', 'summary': 'The canton of Vaud ( /voʊ/ VOH , French : [ vo ] ; German : Waadt , pronounced [ vat ] ( listen ) or [ vaːt ] ) is the third largest of the Swiss cantons by population and fourth by size . It is located in Romandy , the French-speaking western part of the country ; and borders the canton of Neuchâtel to the north , the cantons of Fribourg and Bern to the east , Valais and Lake Geneva to the south , the canton of Geneva to the south-west and France ( Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté ) to the west . The capital and biggest city is Lausanne , officially designated Olympic Capital by the International Olympic Committee and hosts many international sports organizations . Other main cities are Yverdon-les-Bains and Montreux . As of 2018 the canton has a population of 799,145 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Neuchâtel', 'summary': 'The Republic and Canton of Neuchâtel ( French : la République et Canton de Neuchâtel , IPA : [ kɑ̃tɔ̃ də nøʃɑtɛl ] ) is a French-speaking canton in western Switzerland . In 2007 , its population was 169,782 , of whom 39,654 ( or 23.4% ) were foreigners . The capital is Neuchâtel .'}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chevroux up to Portalban', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chevroux,_Switzerland', 'summary': 'Chevroux is a municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Portalban', 'summary': 'Delley-Portalban is a municipality in the district of Broye , in the canton of Fribourg , Switzerland . The municipality was created on 1 January 2005 from the merger of Delley and Portalban ( Arpitan : Pouraban ( help·info ) ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Fribourg , Vaud', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg', 'summary': 'The canton of Fribourg , also canton of Friburg ( French : canton de Fribourg , German : Kanton Freiburg ( help·info ) ) is located in western Switzerland . The canton is bilingual , with French spoken by two thirds of the citizens and German by about one third . Both are official languages in the canton . The canton takes its name from its capital city of Fribourg .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Vaud', 'summary': 'The canton of Vaud ( /voʊ/ VOH , French : [ vo ] ; German : Waadt , pronounced [ vat ] ( listen ) or [ vaːt ] ) is the third largest of the Swiss cantons by population and fourth by size . It is located in Romandy , the French-speaking western part of the country ; and borders the canton of Neuchâtel to the north , the cantons of Fribourg and Bern to the east , Valais and Lake Geneva to the south , the canton of Geneva to the south-west and France ( Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté ) to the west . The capital and biggest city is Lausanne , officially designated Olympic Capital by the International Olympic Committee and hosts many international sports organizations . Other main cities are Yverdon-les-Bains and Montreux . As of 2018 the canton has a population of 799,145 .'}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yvonand up to Cheyres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yvonand', 'summary': 'Yvonand is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois ( former Yverdon ) of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland . Located on the southwestern shore of Lake Neuchâtel the village has a population of almost 2,500 which may rise to 7,000 in summer , due to the popularity of the sandy beaches , which gently shelve into the lake .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cheyres', 'summary': 'Cheyres ( Arpitan : Tsêre ( help·info ) or Tsàrè ) is a former municipality in the district of Broye in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland . On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Cheyres and Châbles merged into the new municipality of Cheyres-Châbles .'}]}, {'value': 'Fribourg , Vaud', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg', 'summary': 'The canton of Fribourg , also canton of Friburg ( French : canton de Fribourg , German : Kanton Freiburg ( help·info ) ) is located in western Switzerland . The canton is bilingual , with French spoken by two thirds of the citizens and German by about one third . Both are official languages in the canton . The canton takes its name from its capital city of Fribourg .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Vaud', 'summary': 'The canton of Vaud ( /voʊ/ VOH , French : [ vo ] ; German : Waadt , pronounced [ vat ] ( listen ) or [ vaːt ] ) is the third largest of the Swiss cantons by population and fourth by size . It is located in Romandy , the French-speaking western part of the country ; and borders the canton of Neuchâtel to the north , the cantons of Fribourg and Bern to the east , Valais and Lake Geneva to the south , the canton of Geneva to the south-west and France ( Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté ) to the west . The capital and biggest city is Lausanne , officially designated Olympic Capital by the International Olympic Committee and hosts many international sports organizations . Other main cities are Yverdon-les-Bains and Montreux . As of 2018 the canton has a population of 799,145 .'}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grandson up to Champ-Pittet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grandson,_Switzerland', 'summary': 'Grandson ( French : [ ɡʀɑ̃sɔ̃ ] ) is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland . It is situated on the south-west tip of Lake Neuchâtel , about 25 km ( 15 miles ) north of Lausanne . It was part of the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy until the death of Rudolph III of Burgundy ( 993-1032 ) , also King of Lower Burgundy , the last in the male line , when it was united with the Holy Roman Empire . On 2 March 1476 , during the Burgundian Wars , Charles the Bold was defeated here in the Battle of Grandson .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Champ-Pittet', 'summary': 'Yverdon-les-Bains ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ivɛʁdɔ̃lebɛ̃ ] ) ( called Eburodunum and Ebredunum during the Roman era ) is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland . It is the seat of the district . The population of Yverdon-les-Bains , as of December 2018 [ update ] , was 30,157 . Yverdon is located in the heart of a natural setting formed by the Jura mountains , the plains of the Orbe , the hills of the Broye and Lake Neuchâtel . It is the second most important town in the Canton of Vaud . It is famous for its thermal springs and is an important regional centre for commerce and tourism . It was awarded the Wakker Prize in 2009 for the way the city handled and developed the public areas and connected the old city with Lake Neuchâtel .'}]}, {'value': 'Vaud', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Vaud', 'summary': 'The canton of Vaud ( /voʊ/ VOH , French : [ vo ] ; German : Waadt , pronounced [ vat ] ( listen ) or [ vaːt ] ) is the third largest of the Swiss cantons by population and fourth by size . It is located in Romandy , the French-speaking western part of the country ; and borders the canton of Neuchâtel to the north , the cantons of Fribourg and Bern to the east , Valais and Lake Geneva to the south , the canton of Geneva to the south-west and France ( Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté ) to the west . The capital and biggest city is Lausanne , officially designated Olympic Capital by the International Olympic Committee and hosts many international sports organizations . Other main cities are Yverdon-les-Bains and Montreux . As of 2018 the canton has a population of 799,145 .'}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Les Grangettes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Les_Grangettes', 'summary': 'Les Grangettes is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France .'}]}, {'value': 'Vaud , Valais', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Vaud', 'summary': 'The canton of Vaud ( /voʊ/ VOH , French : [ vo ] ; German : Waadt , pronounced [ vat ] ( listen ) or [ vaːt ] ) is the third largest of the Swiss cantons by population and fourth by size . It is located in Romandy , the French-speaking western part of the country ; and borders the canton of Neuchâtel to the north , the cantons of Fribourg and Bern to the east , Valais and Lake Geneva to the south , the canton of Geneva to the south-west and France ( Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté ) to the west . The capital and biggest city is Lausanne , officially designated Olympic Capital by the International Olympic Committee and hosts many international sports organizations . Other main cities are Yverdon-les-Bains and Montreux . As of 2018 the canton has a population of 799,145 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Valais', 'summary': 'The canton of Valais ( UK : /ˈvæleɪ/ VAL-ay , US : /væˈleɪ/ val-AY , French : [ valɛ ] ( listen ) ; German : ( Kanton ) Wallis [ ˈvalɪs ] ( listen ) ; Italian : ( Canton ) Vallese [ valˈleːze , -eːse ] ) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland , situated in the southwestern part of the country , around the valley of the Rhône from its headwaters to Lake Geneva , separating the Pennine Alps from the Bernese Alps . The canton is simultaneously one of the driest regions of Switzerland in its central Rhône valley and among the wettest , having large amounts of snow and rain up on the highest peaks found in Switzerland . The canton of Valais is widely known for the Matterhorn and resort towns such as Crans-Montana , Saas Fee , Verbier and Zermatt . It is composed of 13 districts ( hence the 13 stars on the flag ) and its capital is Sion .'}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rhône up to Verbois', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhône', 'summary': 'The Rhône ( /roʊn/ ROHN , French : [ ʁon ] ( listen ) ; German : Rhone [ ˈroːnə ] ( listen ) ; Walser : Rotten [ ˈrotən ] ; Italian : Rodano [ ˈrɔːdano ] ; Spanish : Ródano [ ˈroːdano ] ; Arpitan : Rôno [ ˈʁono ] ; Occitan : Ròse [ ˈrɔze , ˈʀɔze ] ) is one of the major rivers of Europe and has twice the average discharge of the Loire ( which is the longest French river ) , rising in the Rhône Glacier in the Swiss Alps at the far eastern end of the Swiss canton of Valais , passing through Lake Geneva and running through southeastern France . At Arles , near its mouth on the Mediterranean Sea , the river divides into two branches , known as the Great Rhône ( French : le Grand Rhône ) and the Little Rhône ( le Petit Rhône ) . The resulting delta constitutes the Camargue region .'}]}, {'value': 'Geneva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva', 'summary': 'The Republic and canton of Geneva ( French : République et canton de Genève ; Arpitan : Rèpublica et canton de Geneva ; German : Republik und Kanton Genf ; Italian : Repubblica e Cantone di Ginevra ; Romansh : Republica e chantun Genevra ) is the French-speaking westernmost canton or state of Switzerland , surrounded on almost all sides by France ( Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes ) . As is the case in several other Swiss cantons ( canton of Ticino , canton of Neuchâtel , and canton of Jura ) , this canton is referred to as a republic within the Swiss Confederation . The canton of Geneva is located in the southwestern corner of Switzerland and is considered one of the most cosmopolitan areas of the country . As a center of the Calvinist Reformation , the city of Geneva has had a great influence on the canton , which essentially consists of the city and its hinterlands .'}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Versoix up to Geneva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Versoix', 'summary': 'Versoix is a municipality in the Canton of Geneva , Switzerland , which sits on the north-west side of Lake Geneva , north-east of the city of Geneva .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Geneva', 'summary': "Geneva ( /dʒɪˈniːvə/ jin-EE-və ; French : Genève [ ʒənɛv ] ( listen ) ; Arpitan : Genèva [ dzəˈnɛva ] ( listen ) ; German : Genf [ ɡɛnf ] ( listen ) ; Italian : Ginevra [ dʒiˈneːvra ] ; Romansh : Genevra ) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland ( after Zürich ) and the most populous city of Romandy , the French-speaking part of Switzerland . Situated where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva , it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva . The municipality ( ville de Genève ) has a population ( as of December 2018 [ update ] ) of 201,818 , and the canton ( essentially the city and its inner-ring suburbs ) has 499,480 residents . In 2014 , the compact agglomération du Grand Genève had 946,000 inhabitants in 212 communities in both Switzerland and France . Within Swiss territory , the commuter area named Métropole lémanique contains a population of 1.26 million . This area is essentially spread east from Geneva towards the Riviera area ( Vevey , Montreux ) and north-east towards Yverdon-les-Bains , in the neighbouring canton of Vaud . Geneva is a global city , a financial centre , and a worldwide centre for diplomacy due to the presence of numerous international organizations , including the headquarters of many agencies of the United Nations and the Red Cross . Geneva hosts the highest number of international organizations in the world . It is also where the Geneva Conventions were signed , which chiefly concern the treatment of wartime non-combatants and prisoners of war . In 2017 , Geneva was ranked as the world 's fifteenth most important financial centre for competitiveness by the Global Financial Centres Index , fifth in Europe behind London , Zürich , Frankfurt and Luxembourg . In 2019 Geneva was ranked among the ten most liveable cities in the world by Mercer together with Zürich and Basel . The city has been referred to as the world 's most compact metropolis and the Peace Capital ."}]}, {'value': 'Geneva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva', 'summary': 'The Republic and canton of Geneva ( French : République et canton de Genève ; Arpitan : Rèpublica et canton de Geneva ; German : Republik und Kanton Genf ; Italian : Repubblica e Cantone di Ginevra ; Romansh : Republica e chantun Genevra ) is the French-speaking westernmost canton or state of Switzerland , surrounded on almost all sides by France ( Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes ) . As is the case in several other Swiss cantons ( canton of Ticino , canton of Neuchâtel , and canton of Jura ) , this canton is referred to as a republic within the Swiss Confederation . The canton of Geneva is located in the southwestern corner of Switzerland and is considered one of the most cosmopolitan areas of the country . As a center of the Calvinist Reformation , the city of Geneva has had a great influence on the canton , which essentially consists of the city and its hinterlands .'}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Reserves of international importance', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_reserves_for_waterbirds_and_migratory_birds_in_Switzerland_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of reserves for waterbirds and migratory birds in Switzerland. The nature reserves on this inventory are protected by Swiss federal legislation (Federal Inventory of Water and Migratory Birds Reserves of National and International Importance).'}	null	null	What is the canton of the reserve that was formed at the construction of a power plant on the Aare river in the 1930s ?	Aargau
0a0678b39bad5629	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver_Whitecaps_FC', 'title': 'Vancouver Whitecaps FC', 'header': ['Year', 'Player', 'Goals'], 'data': [{'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_Vancouver_Whitecaps_FC_season', 'summary': "The 2011 Vancouver Whitecaps FC season was the Whitecaps ' debut season in Major League Soccer . The MLS club has incorporated the history of its NASL and various lower division predecessors into its marketing campaigns , reflecting 36 years of professional soccer in Vancouver . On March 19 , 2011 , Vancouver Whitecaps defeated Toronto FC at Empire Field in their league opening match by a score of 4 - 2 . It was the first match between two Canadian clubs in league history . Vancouver Whitecaps gave up the 8,000th goal in league history in the game . The regular season ended at BC Place on October 22 , 2011 with a 2 - 1 loss to Colorado Rapids leaving them in last place overall ."}]}, {'value': 'Camilo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Camilo_Sanvezzo', 'summary': 'Camilo da Silva Sanvezzo ( born 21 July 1988 ) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Tijuana in the Liga MX as of 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Vancouver_Whitecaps_FC_season', 'summary': "The 2012 Vancouver Whitecaps FC season was the Whitecaps ' second season in Major League Soccer , the top tier of soccer in the United States and Canada . In 2011 , the expansion Whitecaps FC struggled to find the results and finished at the bottom of the league table winning just six matches with none on the road . By finishing last overall in the regular season the Whitecaps FC received the 2nd overall pick in the 2012 MLS SuperDraft and 2012 MLS Supplemental Draft that were held in January 2012 . The Whitecaps second season began on March 10 against expansion side , and Canadian rivals , Montreal Impact at BC Place with a 2-0 victory . Vancouver set a MLS record by going 427 minutes without conceding a goal to start the season . The club qualified for the playoffs for the first time on October 23 when the Seattle Sounders defeated FC Dallas . They became the first Canadian MLS team to make the playoffs in MLS history . Vancouver finished as runners-up in the 2012 Canadian Championship after losing to Toronto FC in the Final for the second consecutive season , under the current bracket format . The Whitecaps defeated FC Edmonton with an aggregate score of 5-1 in the semi-finals before falling 2-1 on aggregate to Toronto ."}]}, {'value': 'Darren Mattocks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darren_Mattocks', 'summary': 'Darren Dimitri Mattocks ( born 2 September 1990 ) is a Jamaican professional footballer who plays as a forward for FC Cincinnati in Major League Soccer and the Jamaica national football team .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_Vancouver_Whitecaps_FC_season', 'summary': "The 2013 Vancouver Whitecaps FC season was the Whitecaps ' third season in Major League Soccer , the top tier of soccer in the United States and Canada ."}]}, {'value': 'Camilo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Camilo_Sanvezzo', 'summary': 'Camilo da Silva Sanvezzo ( born 21 July 1988 ) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Tijuana in the Liga MX as of 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Vancouver_Whitecaps_FC_season', 'summary': "The 2014 Vancouver Whitecaps FC season was the Whitecaps ' fourth season in Major League Soccer , the top tier of soccer in the United States and Canada ."}]}, {'value': 'Pedro Morales', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pedro_Morales_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Pedro Andrés Morales Flores ( born 25 May 1985 ) is a Chilean footballer who currently plays for Deportes Temuco as a midfielder . He began his professional career with Huachipato before moving to Universidad de Chile , and in 2007 was signed by Dinamo Zagreb of Croatia . After a loan back at Universidad de Chile and Spanish club Málaga , he spent a season with the latter before moving to Vancouver Whitecaps FC , where he served as a captain since 2014 until his departure . Morales first represented Chile in the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship , making his senior international debut later in 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_Vancouver_Whitecaps_FC_season', 'summary': "The 2015 Vancouver Whitecaps FC season is the Whitecaps ' fifth season in Major League Soccer , the top tier of soccer in the United States and Canada ."}]}, {'value': 'Octavio Rivero', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Octavio_Rivero', 'summary': 'Raúl Octavio Rivero Falero ( born 24 January 1992 ) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a striker for Liga MX club Santos Laguna .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Vancouver_Whitecaps_FC_season', 'summary': "The 2016 Vancouver Whitecaps FC season is the Whitecaps ' sixth season in Major League Soccer , the top tier of soccer in the United States and Canada ."}]}, {'value': 'Pedro Morales', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pedro_Morales_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Pedro Andrés Morales Flores ( born 25 May 1985 ) is a Chilean footballer who currently plays for Deportes Temuco as a midfielder . He began his professional career with Huachipato before moving to Universidad de Chile , and in 2007 was signed by Dinamo Zagreb of Croatia . After a loan back at Universidad de Chile and Spanish club Málaga , he spent a season with the latter before moving to Vancouver Whitecaps FC , where he served as a captain since 2014 until his departure . Morales first represented Chile in the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship , making his senior international debut later in 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2017_Vancouver_Whitecaps_FC_season', 'summary': "The 2017 Vancouver Whitecaps FC season is the club 's seventh season in Major League Soccer , the top division of soccer in the United States and Canada . Including previous iterations of the franchise , this is 40th season of professional soccer being played in Vancouver under a variation of the Whitecaps name . Outside of MLS , the Whitecaps played in the knockout rounds of the 2016-17 CONCACAF Champions League , where they faced fellow MLS team the New York Red Bulls in the quarterfinals . Additionally , the team played in the 2017 Canadian Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Fredy Montero', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fredy_Montero', 'summary': "Fredy Henkyer Montero Muñoz ( born 26 July 1987 ) , known as Fredy Montero ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈfɾeði monˈteɾo ] , is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a forward for MLS side Vancouver Whitecaps FC . Montero is Seattle Sounders FC 's all-time top scorer in official club competitions , scoring 64 goals with the club between 2009 and 2012 . Montero has been called up to the Colombian national team five times , scoring once in an unofficial match against Catalonia . Montero began playing youth soccer at Deportivo Cali at age six . He earned his professional debut at age 18 in 2005 before being sent on loan to Academia for the season . Montero was loaned to Atlético Huila for two additional years , becoming the league topscorer in the 2007 Torneo Apertura before returning to Deportivo Cali and becoming league top scorer for a second time in the 2008 Torneo Finalización . Montero was loaned to the Major League Soccer expansion team Seattle Sounders in 2009 , where he was named Newcomer of the Year and led the team in goals . Montero was sold to the Sounders in 2010 and became a Designated Player and a permanent resident of the United States . During his four seasons as a Sounders player , Montero was named to the MLS All-Star squad twice , playing against Everton in 2009 and being named inactive in 2010 ."}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_Vancouver_Whitecaps_FC_season', 'summary': "The 2018 Vancouver Whitecaps FC season is the club 's eighth season in Major League Soccer , the top division of soccer in the United States and Canada . Including previous iterations of the franchise , this is 41st season of professional soccer being played in Vancouver under a variation of the Whitecaps name . Outside of MLS , the Whitecaps played in the 2018 Canadian Championship . They defeated the Montreal Impact 2-1 on aggregate in the semifinals before falling 7-4 on aggregate to Toronto FC in the finals . On September 25 , with five games remaining in the season the Whitecaps released manager Carl Robinson along with assistant coaches Martyn Pert , Gordon Forrest and goalkeeper coach Stewart Kerr . Whitecaps Academy technical director Craig Dalrymple was named acting manager for the remainder of the season ."}]}, {'value': 'Kei Kamara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kei_Kamara', 'summary': 'Kei Ansu Kamara ( /ˈkaɪ kəˈmɑːrə/ ; born 1 September 1984 ) is a Sierra Leonean international footballer who plays as a striker for Major League Soccer club Colorado Rapids . In 2015 , Kamara tied for top scorer in MLS with 22 goals , losing out to Sebastian Giovinco on the Golden Boot on fewer assists . He is one of only 10 players to have scored 100 goals in MLS history , achieving the landmark in 300 appearances .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Vancouver_Whitecaps_FC_season', 'summary': "The 2019 Vancouver Whitecaps FC season is the club 's ninth season in Major League Soccer , the top division of soccer in the United States and Canada . Including previous iterations of the franchise , this is 42nd season of professional soccer being played in Vancouver under a variation of the Whitecaps name . On November 7 , 2018 , the Whitecaps named Marc Dos Santos as their fourth head coach since joining MLS . Outside of the MLS , the Whitecaps participated in the 2019 Canadian Championship . They lost 2-1 on aggregate to Cavalry FC in the third round ."}]}, {'value': 'Fredy Montero', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fredy_Montero', 'summary': "Fredy Henkyer Montero Muñoz ( born 26 July 1987 ) , known as Fredy Montero ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈfɾeði monˈteɾo ] , is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a forward for MLS side Vancouver Whitecaps FC . Montero is Seattle Sounders FC 's all-time top scorer in official club competitions , scoring 64 goals with the club between 2009 and 2012 . Montero has been called up to the Colombian national team five times , scoring once in an unofficial match against Catalonia . Montero began playing youth soccer at Deportivo Cali at age six . He earned his professional debut at age 18 in 2005 before being sent on loan to Academia for the season . Montero was loaned to Atlético Huila for two additional years , becoming the league topscorer in the 2007 Torneo Apertura before returning to Deportivo Cali and becoming league top scorer for a second time in the 2008 Torneo Finalización . Montero was loaned to the Major League Soccer expansion team Seattle Sounders in 2009 , where he was named Newcomer of the Year and led the team in goals . Montero was sold to the Sounders in 2010 and became a Designated Player and a permanent resident of the United States . During his four seasons as a Sounders player , Montero was named to the MLS All-Star squad twice , playing against Everton in 2009 and being named inactive in 2010 ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Player records and awards -- Golden Boot', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Vancouver_Whitecaps_FC_Residency_3', 'intro': "Vancouver Whitecaps FC is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Vancouver, British Columbia that competes in the Western Conference of Major League Soccer (MLS). The Whitecaps were the 17th team to enter Major League Soccer and replaced the USSF Division 2 team of the same name in the city. The club has been owned and managed by the same group since their USSF days, having graduated to MLS after the conclusion of the USSF's 2010 season. The MLS version of the team is a phoenix club, and the third to carry the legacy of the Whitecaps name. In the 2012 season, the team became the first Canadian team to qualify for the MLS Cup Playoffs."}	null	null	What is the full name of the player with the most goals ?	Camilo da Silva Sanvezzo
0a0896d4791ee548	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Asian_Rhythmic_Gymnastics_Championships', 'title': '2011 Asian Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Gymnast', 'Nation', 'Score'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marina Petrakova', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kazakhstan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kazakhstan', 'summary': "Kazakhstan , [ b ] officially the Republic of Kazakhstan , [ c ] is a transcontinental country largely located in Central Asia with the most western parts of it being located in Eastern Europe . It is the world 's largest landlocked country , and the ninth largest country in the world , with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres ( 1,052,100 sq mi ) . Kazakhstan is the most dominant nation of Central Asia economically , generating 60% of the region 's GDP , primarily through its oil and gas industry . It also has vast mineral resources . Kazakhstan is officially a democratic , secular , unitary , constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage . Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia , China , Kyrgyzstan , Uzbekistan , and Turkmenistan , and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea . The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands , steppe , taiga , rock canyons , hills , deltas , snow-capped mountains , and deserts . Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018 [ update ] . Its population density is among the lowest , at less than 6 people per square kilometre ( 15 people per sq mi ) . Since 1997 and independence , the capital is Nur-Sultan , formerly known as Astana . It was moved from Almaty , the country 's largest city . The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic groups and empires ."}]}, {'value': '27.450', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Djamila Rahmatova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Djamila_Rahmatova', 'summary': 'Djamila Rakhmatova ( Russian : Джамиля Рахматова ; born 19 September 1990 in Tashkent ) is a retired individual Uzbekistani rhythmic gymnast .'}]}, {'value': 'Uzbekistan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uzbekistan', 'summary': "Uzbekistan ( UK : /ʊzˌbɛkɪˈstɑːn , ʌz- , -ˈstæn/ , US : /ʊzˈbɛkɪstæn , -stɑːn/ ; Uzbek : O'zbekiston , Ўзбекистон pronounced [ ozbekiˈstɒn ] ) , officially Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek : O'zbekiston Respublikasi ) , is a country in Central Asia . It is bordered by five landlocked countries : Kazakhstan to the north ; Kyrgyzstan to the northeast ; Tajikistan to the southeast ; Afghanistan to the south ; and Turkmenistan to the southwest . Along with Liechtenstein , it is one of the world 's only two doubly landlocked countries . As a sovereign state , Uzbekistan is a secular , unitary constitutional republic . It comprises 12 provinces and one autonomous republic . The capital and largest city of Uzbekistan is Tashkent . What is now Uzbekistan was in ancient times part of the Iranian-speaking region of Transoxiana and Turan . The first recorded settlers were Eastern Iranian nomads , known as Scythians , who founded kingdoms in Khwarezm ( 8th-6th centuries BC ) , Bactria ( 8th-6th centuries BC ) , Sogdia ( 8th-6th centuries BC ) , Fergana ( 3rd century BC - 6th century AD ) , and Margiana ( 3rd century BC - 6th century AD ) . The area was incorporated into the Iranian Achaemenid Empire and , after a period of Macedonian Greek rule , was ruled by the Iranian Parthian Empire and later by the Sasanian Empire , until the Arab conquest of Iran in the 7th century . The Muslim conquest in the 7th century converted the majority of the population , including the local ruling classes , into adherents of Islam . During this period , cities such as Samarkand , Khiva and Bukhara began to grow rich from the Silk Road . The local Khwarezmian dynasty , and Central Asia as a whole , were decimated by the Mongol invasion in the 13th century ."}]}, {'value': '26.575', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Alyabyeva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Alyabyeva', 'summary': 'Anna Alyabyeva ( born 13 November 1993 , in Astana ) is a Kazakhstani individual rhythmic gymnast .'}]}, {'value': 'Kazakhstan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kazakhstan', 'summary': "Kazakhstan , [ b ] officially the Republic of Kazakhstan , [ c ] is a transcontinental country largely located in Central Asia with the most western parts of it being located in Eastern Europe . It is the world 's largest landlocked country , and the ninth largest country in the world , with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres ( 1,052,100 sq mi ) . Kazakhstan is the most dominant nation of Central Asia economically , generating 60% of the region 's GDP , primarily through its oil and gas industry . It also has vast mineral resources . Kazakhstan is officially a democratic , secular , unitary , constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage . Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia , China , Kyrgyzstan , Uzbekistan , and Turkmenistan , and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea . The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands , steppe , taiga , rock canyons , hills , deltas , snow-capped mountains , and deserts . Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018 [ update ] . Its population density is among the lowest , at less than 6 people per square kilometre ( 15 people per sq mi ) . Since 1997 and independence , the capital is Nur-Sultan , formerly known as Astana . It was moved from Almaty , the country 's largest city . The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic groups and empires ."}]}, {'value': '26.500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deng Senyue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deng_Senyue', 'summary': 'Deng Senyue ( Chinese : 邓森悦 ; born 5 February 1992 in Liuzhou , Guangxi Province China ) is a retired Chinese individual rhythmic gymnast . She is the 2014 Asian Games silver medalist . She finished 4th in All-around at the 2013 World Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '26.400', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runa Yamaguchi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '26.150', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yuria Onuki', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '25.800', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peng Linyi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '25.800', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ulyana Trofimova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ulyana_Trofimova', 'summary': 'Ulyana Olyegovna Trofimova ( Uzbek : Ульяна Олеговна Трофимова ; born 28 February 1990 in Navoiy Province ) is an Uzbekistani rhythmic gymnast .'}]}, {'value': 'Uzbekistan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uzbekistan', 'summary': "Uzbekistan ( UK : /ʊzˌbɛkɪˈstɑːn , ʌz- , -ˈstæn/ , US : /ʊzˈbɛkɪstæn , -stɑːn/ ; Uzbek : O'zbekiston , Ўзбекистон pronounced [ ozbekiˈstɒn ] ) , officially Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek : O'zbekiston Respublikasi ) , is a country in Central Asia . It is bordered by five landlocked countries : Kazakhstan to the north ; Kyrgyzstan to the northeast ; Tajikistan to the southeast ; Afghanistan to the south ; and Turkmenistan to the southwest . Along with Liechtenstein , it is one of the world 's only two doubly landlocked countries . As a sovereign state , Uzbekistan is a secular , unitary constitutional republic . It comprises 12 provinces and one autonomous republic . The capital and largest city of Uzbekistan is Tashkent . What is now Uzbekistan was in ancient times part of the Iranian-speaking region of Transoxiana and Turan . The first recorded settlers were Eastern Iranian nomads , known as Scythians , who founded kingdoms in Khwarezm ( 8th-6th centuries BC ) , Bactria ( 8th-6th centuries BC ) , Sogdia ( 8th-6th centuries BC ) , Fergana ( 3rd century BC - 6th century AD ) , and Margiana ( 3rd century BC - 6th century AD ) . The area was incorporated into the Iranian Achaemenid Empire and , after a period of Macedonian Greek rule , was ruled by the Iranian Parthian Empire and later by the Sasanian Empire , until the Arab conquest of Iran in the 7th century . The Muslim conquest in the 7th century converted the majority of the population , including the local ruling classes , into adherents of Islam . During this period , cities such as Samarkand , Khiva and Bukhara began to grow rich from the Silk Road . The local Khwarezmian dynasty , and Central Asia as a whole , were decimated by the Mongol invasion in the 13th century ."}]}, {'value': '25.600', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Results -- Individual Clubs', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2011_Asian_Rhythmic_Gymnastics_Championships_5', 'intro': 'The 5th Rhythmic Gymnastics Asian Championships was held in Astana, Kazakhstan from 16 - 18 June 2011.'}	null	null	Which gymnast came from a unitary one-party socialist republic ?	Deng Senyue
0a0930a7b3b5d953	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Bradford_Bulls_season', 'title': '2014 Bradford Bulls season', 'header': ['Name', 'Position', 'Signed from', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gareth Carvell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gareth_Carvell', 'summary': 'Garreth Carvell ( born 21 April 1980 ) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a prop in the 1990s , 2000s and 2010s . He played at representative level for Great Britain , England and Wales . Then , he played his entire professional club career in England , for Stanningley ARLFC ( in Leeds ) , in the Super League for the Warrington Wolves ( Heritage № 1084 ) , the Leeds Rhinos ( Heritage № 1299 ) , Gateshead Thunder ( loan ) , Hull FC , and the Castleford Tigers , and in the Championship for Featherstone Rovers ( Heritage № 1025 ) , as a prop or second-row .'}]}, {'value': 'Prop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Warrington Wolves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warrington_Wolves', 'summary': "Warrington Wolves are a professional rugby league club in Warrington , England , that competes in the Super League . They play rugby at the Halliwell Jones Stadium , having moved there from Wilderspool in 2004 . They are the current Challenge Cup holders , after successfully beating St. Helens at Wembley Stadium on 24 August 2019 , to win their first trophy since 2012 . Founded as Warrington Zingari Football Club in 1876 , they are one of the original twenty-two clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895 and the only one that has played every season in the top flight . They are nicknamed The Wire in reference to the wire-drawing industry in the town . Warrington have local rivalries with Widnes , St. Helens and Wigan . They have won three League Championships and are the fourth most successful team in the Challenge Cup with nine victories , behind Wigan , St. Helens and Leeds . Their most successful season came in 1953-54 when they completed a Championship and Challenge Cup 'Double ' , beating Halifax twice in the space of four days to first win the Challenge Cup 8-4 in a replay at Odsal , then clinch the Championship 8-7 at Maine Road . 1955 was the last time they were crowned Champions . Warrington are the 10th most successful rugby league club in England behind Wigan Warriors , St Helens , Bradford Bulls , Hull FC , Leeds Rhinos , Salford Red Devils , Widnes Vikings , Hull Kingston Rovers"}]}, {'value': 'June 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dale Ferguson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dale_Ferguson_(rugby_league)', 'summary': 'Dale Ferguson ( born 13 April 1988 ) is a Scotland international rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row or loose forward for Featherstone Rovers in the Betfred Championship . He previously played in the Super League for the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the Huddersfield Giants in two separate spells , as well spending time at Hull Kingston Rovers on loan from Huddersfield . He has also played for the Bradford Bulls in the Super League and the Kingstone Press Championship . In 2019 he was loaned from the Giants to Featherstone in the Championship . He played one game for the England Knights side in 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'Second Row', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Huddersfield Giants', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huddersfield_Giants', 'summary': "The Huddersfield Giants are an English professional rugby league club from Huddersfield , West Yorkshire , the birthplace of rugby league , who play in the Super League competition . They play their home games at the John Smiths Stadium which is shared with Huddersfield Town F.C . Huddersfield is also one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895 , making them one of the world 's first rugby league teams . The club was founded in 1864 and is the world 's oldest professional rugby league club . They have won 7 Championships and 6 Challenge Cups , but have not won a major trophy since 1962 , Although they did win the 2013 League Leaders Shield after topping the table for the first time in 81 years . The club , particularly amongst older supporters , is sometimes referred to as Fartown , after the ground in Fartown , Huddersfield that was the club 's home venue from 1878 to 1992 . The club was known as Huddersfield Barracudas from 1984-88 and Huddersfield-Sheffield Giants ( after a merger with the original Sheffield Eagles ) for the 2000 season . The team plays in a distinctive strip of a claret shirt with thin gold hoops , claret shorts and claret and gold hooped socks . They have rivalries with Warrington , Leeds , Bradford , Halifax and Wakefield Trinity ."}]}, {'value': 'July 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luke George', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luke_George', 'summary': "Luke George ( born ( 1987-10-30 ) 30 October 1987 ( age 32 ) ) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays for the Central Queensland Capras in the Queensland Cup . Luke George 's usual position is centre and he can play on the wing ."}]}, {'value': 'Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Huddersfield Giants', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huddersfield_Giants', 'summary': "The Huddersfield Giants are an English professional rugby league club from Huddersfield , West Yorkshire , the birthplace of rugby league , who play in the Super League competition . They play their home games at the John Smiths Stadium which is shared with Huddersfield Town F.C . Huddersfield is also one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895 , making them one of the world 's first rugby league teams . The club was founded in 1864 and is the world 's oldest professional rugby league club . They have won 7 Championships and 6 Challenge Cups , but have not won a major trophy since 1962 , Although they did win the 2013 League Leaders Shield after topping the table for the first time in 81 years . The club , particularly amongst older supporters , is sometimes referred to as Fartown , after the ground in Fartown , Huddersfield that was the club 's home venue from 1878 to 1992 . The club was known as Huddersfield Barracudas from 1984-88 and Huddersfield-Sheffield Giants ( after a merger with the original Sheffield Eagles ) for the 2000 season . The team plays in a distinctive strip of a claret shirt with thin gold hoops , claret shorts and claret and gold hooped socks . They have rivalries with Warrington , Leeds , Bradford , Halifax and Wakefield Trinity ."}]}, {'value': 'July 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matty Blythe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matty_Blythe', 'summary': 'Matty Blythe is an English former rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s . He played at club level in the Super League for the Warrington Wolves ( two spells ) and the Bradford Bulls , and in the Championship for the Leigh Centurions ( loan ) , the Bradford Bulls , and the Rochdale Hornets ( dual registration ) , as a wing , centre , second-row or loose forward .'}]}, {'value': 'Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Warrington Wolves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warrington_Wolves', 'summary': "Warrington Wolves are a professional rugby league club in Warrington , England , that competes in the Super League . They play rugby at the Halliwell Jones Stadium , having moved there from Wilderspool in 2004 . They are the current Challenge Cup holders , after successfully beating St. Helens at Wembley Stadium on 24 August 2019 , to win their first trophy since 2012 . Founded as Warrington Zingari Football Club in 1876 , they are one of the original twenty-two clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895 and the only one that has played every season in the top flight . They are nicknamed The Wire in reference to the wire-drawing industry in the town . Warrington have local rivalries with Widnes , St. Helens and Wigan . They have won three League Championships and are the fourth most successful team in the Challenge Cup with nine victories , behind Wigan , St. Helens and Leeds . Their most successful season came in 1953-54 when they completed a Championship and Challenge Cup 'Double ' , beating Halifax twice in the space of four days to first win the Challenge Cup 8-4 in a replay at Odsal , then clinch the Championship 8-7 at Maine Road . 1955 was the last time they were crowned Champions . Warrington are the 10th most successful rugby league club in England behind Wigan Warriors , St Helens , Bradford Bulls , Hull FC , Leeds Rhinos , Salford Red Devils , Widnes Vikings , Hull Kingston Rovers"}]}, {'value': 'August 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lee Gaskell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lee_Gaskell', 'summary': 'Lee Gaskell is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a stand-off , fullback or centre for the Huddersfield Giants in the Betfred Super League . He has also played in the Super League for St Helens and spent time on loan from Saints at the Salford Red Devils . He played for the Bradford Bulls in the Super League and in the Kingstone Press Championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Stand Off', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'St Helens R.F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St_Helens_R.F.C.', 'summary': "St Helens R.F.C . is a professional rugby league club in St Helens , Merseyside who compete in the Super League , the top tier of competition for rugby league in Europe . Formed in 1873 , St Helens are one of the 22 original members of the Northern Rugby Football Union and have been league champions on 14 occasions . St Helens are also the third most successful side in the Challenge Cup with 12 wins in 21 Final appearances . St Helens are founding members of the Super League and are one of only four teams to have appeared in every season since its creation in 1996 . Since 1961 the club 's home colours have been white , with a red V on the jersey . St Helens play their home games at the Totally Wicked Stadium in St Helens , having moved from their previous home , Knowsley Road , in 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adam Henry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adam_Henry_(rugby_league)', 'summary': 'Adam Henry is a New Zealand rugby league footballer who plays for Racing Club Albi in the Elite One Championship . He primarily plays on the wing , but can also play at centre and five-eighth . He has previously played for the Sydney Roosters and the Bradford Bulls .'}]}, {'value': 'Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Sydney Roosters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Roosters', 'summary': "The Sydney Roosters is an Australian professional rugby league football club based in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney . The club competes in the National Rugby League ( NRL ) competition and is one of the oldest and most successful clubs . The Roosters have won fifteen New South Wales Rugby League ( NSWRL ) and National Rugby League titles , and several other competitions . As a franchise , the Eastern Suburbs/Sydney City/Sydney Roosters have won 15 premierships , tying them with the St George Dragons . Only South Sydney Rabbitohs have won more premierships . The club holds the record for having the most wins and the second greatest margin of victory in a match in Australian rugby league history , and has won more minor premierships than any other club . The Roosters is one of only two clubs ( the other being the St. George Illawarra Dragons in 1999 ) to finish runners-up in its inaugural season . The Eastern Suburbs DRLFC is the only club to have played in each and every season at the elite level , and since the 1970s has often been dubbed the glamour club of the league . Coached by Trent Robinson along with captains Boyd Cordner and Jake Friend , the Roosters play their home games at the Sydney Cricket Ground . The club was founded in 1908 in Paddington , Sydney , as Eastern Suburbs District Rugby League Football Club ; in 1995 the club 's name was changed to the Sydney City Roosters , and in 2000 to the Sydney Roosters . The Bondi Junction and Moore Park-based Roosters have a long-standing and fierce rivalry with other Sydney-based clubs , especially the South Sydney Rabbitohs , a fellow foundation club based in neighbouring Redfern ."}]}, {'value': 'October 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank Winterstein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Winterstein', 'summary': 'Frank Winterstein ( born 17 December 1986 ) is a Samoa international rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row forward for Toulouse Olympique in the Betfred Championship . Winterstein previously played for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs , Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and the Penrith Panthers in the NRL , and for the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats , Crusaders RL and the Widnes Vikings in the Super League . He played rugby union for the Kintetsu Liners in the Top League and the Australian rugby sevens team .'}]}, {'value': 'Prop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Widnes Vikings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Widnes_Vikings', 'summary': "The Widnes Vikings are an English professional rugby league club based in Widnes , Cheshire that plays in the Betfred Championship . The club plays its home matches at the Halton Stadium . Founded as Widnes Football Club , they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895 , making them one of the world 's first rugby league teams . Their historic nickname is The Chemics after the main industry in Widnes , but now they use their modern nickname , The Vikings . The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s , 1980s , and early 1990s , and were frequently described as Cup Kings reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984 . In 1989 , after winning their third Rugby League Premiership , Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30-18 at Old Trafford . They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves ."}]}, {'value': 'October 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Danny Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danny_Bridge', 'summary': 'Danny Bridge is an Ireland international rugby league footballer who plays for Oldham in Betfred League 1 .'}]}, {'value': 'Prop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Warrington Wolves ( Loan )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warrington_Wolves', 'summary': "Warrington Wolves are a professional rugby league club in Warrington , England , that competes in the Super League . They play rugby at the Halliwell Jones Stadium , having moved there from Wilderspool in 2004 . They are the current Challenge Cup holders , after successfully beating St. Helens at Wembley Stadium on 24 August 2019 , to win their first trophy since 2012 . Founded as Warrington Zingari Football Club in 1876 , they are one of the original twenty-two clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895 and the only one that has played every season in the top flight . They are nicknamed The Wire in reference to the wire-drawing industry in the town . Warrington have local rivalries with Widnes , St. Helens and Wigan . They have won three League Championships and are the fourth most successful team in the Challenge Cup with nine victories , behind Wigan , St. Helens and Leeds . Their most successful season came in 1953-54 when they completed a Championship and Challenge Cup 'Double ' , beating Halifax twice in the space of four days to first win the Challenge Cup 8-4 in a replay at Odsal , then clinch the Championship 8-7 at Maine Road . 1955 was the last time they were crowned Champions . Warrington are the 10th most successful rugby league club in England behind Wigan Warriors , St Helens , Bradford Bulls , Hull FC , Leeds Rhinos , Salford Red Devils , Widnes Vikings , Hull Kingston Rovers"}]}, {'value': 'February 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anthony Mullally', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Mullally', 'summary': 'Anthony Winston Mullally ( born 28 June 1991 ) , also known by the nickname of Vegan Warrior , is an Ireland international rugby league footballer who plays as a prop for the Toronto Wolfpack in the Betfred Super League . He has previously played for the Widnes Vikings in the Championship and the Super League . Mullally spent time on loan from Widnes at the Swinton Lions and Whitehaven in Championship 1 . He played for the Huddersfield Giants in the top flight , and on loan from Huddersfield at the Dewsbury Rams and the Batley Bulldogs in the Championship and the Bradford Bulls and the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats in the Super League . Mullally has also played for the Leeds Rhinos in the Super League , and on loan from Leeds in the Championship . He played for Ireland at the 2013 Rugby League World Cup and the 2017 Rugby League World Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Prop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Huddersfield Giants ( Loan )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huddersfield_Giants', 'summary': "The Huddersfield Giants are an English professional rugby league club from Huddersfield , West Yorkshire , the birthplace of rugby league , who play in the Super League competition . They play their home games at the John Smiths Stadium which is shared with Huddersfield Town F.C . Huddersfield is also one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895 , making them one of the world 's first rugby league teams . The club was founded in 1864 and is the world 's oldest professional rugby league club . They have won 7 Championships and 6 Challenge Cups , but have not won a major trophy since 1962 , Although they did win the 2013 League Leaders Shield after topping the table for the first time in 81 years . The club , particularly amongst older supporters , is sometimes referred to as Fartown , after the ground in Fartown , Huddersfield that was the club 's home venue from 1878 to 1992 . The club was known as Huddersfield Barracudas from 1984-88 and Huddersfield-Sheffield Giants ( after a merger with the original Sheffield Eagles ) for the 2000 season . The team plays in a distinctive strip of a claret shirt with thin gold hoops , claret shorts and claret and gold hooped socks . They have rivalries with Warrington , Leeds , Bradford , Halifax and Wakefield Trinity ."}]}, {'value': 'February 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liam Sutcliffe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liam_Sutcliffe', 'summary': 'Liam Sutcliffe ( born 25 November 1994 ) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a loose forward , stand-off , centre and fullback for the Leeds Rhinos in the Betfred Super League and England and the England Knights at international level . Sutcliffe has spent time on loan from Leeds Rhinos at the Bradford Bulls in the Super League .'}]}, {'value': 'Stand Off', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Leeds Rhinos ( Loan )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leeds_Rhinos', 'summary': "The Leeds Rhinos are a professional rugby league club in Leeds , West Yorkshire , England . The club was formed in 1870 as Leeds St John 's and play in the Super League , the top tier of English rugby league . They play home matches at Headingley Stadium since 1890 . In 1895 , Leeds was one of twenty-two rugby clubs which broke away from the Rugby Football Union and formed what is now the Rugby Football League . The club was known simply as Leeds until the end of the 1996 season , when they added Rhinos to their name . They are also historically known as the Loiners , referring to the demonym for a native of Leeds . Leeds have won 11 League Titles , 13 Challenge Cups and three World Club Challenge titles . Leeds play in blue and amber kits at home matches and historically have worn either white or yellow away kits . They share rivalries with St. Helens , Wigan Warriors , Bradford Bulls and Castleford Tigers as well as a local city rivalry with Hunslet ."}]}, {'value': 'March 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greg Burke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greg_Burke_(rugby_league)', 'summary': 'Greg Burke is an English rugby league footballer who plays as a prop or loose forward for the Salford Red Devils in the Betfred Super League . He played for the Wigan Warriors in the Super League , and on loan from Wigan at the Bradford Bulls and Hull Kingston Rovers in the Super League and Workington Town in the Championship . Burke played for the Widnes Vikings in the top flight , and on loan from Widnes at Salford , before joining the Salford Red Devils permanently in 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Prop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Wigan Warriors ( Loan )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wigan_Warriors', 'summary': "Wigan Warriors Rugby League Football Club is a professional rugby league club founded and based in Wigan , England . The club competes in the Betfred Super League . Formed in 1872 as Wigan Football Club , Wigan was a founding member of the Northern Rugby Football Union following the schism from the Rugby Football Union in 1895 . Wigan have won 22 League Championships ( including 5 Super League Grand Finals ) , 19 Challenge Cups and 4 World Club Challenges . Wigan are the most successful club in English rugby league and had a period of sustained success from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s , winning eight successive Challenge Cups and seven successive League Championships . The club plays home matches at the DW Stadium , having played at Central Park between 1902 and 1999 . The head coach is Adrian Lam ; the club captain is Sean O'Loughlin ( current Great Britain and England captain ) ."}]}, {'value': 'March 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamal Fakir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamal_Fakir', 'summary': 'Jamal Fakir ( born 30 August 1982 ) is a Moroccan rugby league footballer who plays as a prop or second-row for the Lezignan Sangliers club in the Elite One Championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Prop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Catalans Dragons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catalans_Dragons', 'summary': "The Catalans Dragons ( French and Catalan : Dragons Catalans ) ( often in English Catalan Dragons ) are a professional rugby league club based in Perpignan , Pyrénées-Orientales , France and represent Catalonia . They play in the Super League . They have also played home matches in Barcelona , attracting a Super League regular season record crowd of 31,555 against the Wigan Warriors at the Nou Camp in 2019 . Along with the Toronto Wolfpack , they are currently the only teams in the competition from outside England . The Dragons play home games at Stade Gilbert Brutus . They were the first non British team to win the Challenge Cup since the competition started in 1896 , after beating Warrington Wolves 20-14 at Wembley Stadium on 25 August 2018 . The club was formed in 2000 by a merger of XIII Catalan and AS Saint-Estève into Union Treiziste Catalane ( UTC ) . They won the 2005 French Championship and the Lord Derby Cup in 2004 and 2005 . In 2006 , they were granted a Super League licence , taking the name Catalans Dragons . UTC continues to compete in the French Championship 's Elite One Championship as a feeder club for the Dragons , now under the name Saint-Estève XIII Catalan ."}]}, {'value': 'April 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jay Pitts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jay_Pitts', 'summary': 'Jay Pitts ( born 9 December 1989 ) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row or loose forward for Wakefield Trinity in the Betfred Super League . He previously played for the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats , Leeds Rhinos , Hull F.C . and the Bradford Bulls in the Super League , and the London Broncos in the Championship and the Betfred Super League .'}]}, {'value': 'Second Row', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Hull F.C . ( Loan )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hull_F.C.', 'summary': "Hull Football Club , commonly referred to as Hull or Hull F.C. , is a professional rugby league football club established in 1865 and based in West Hull , East Riding of Yorkshire , England . The club plays in the Super League competition and were known as Hull Sharks from 1996-99 . Hull F.C . were one of the founding members of the Northern Rugby Football Union which was formed in 1895 in Huddersfield , making them one of the world 's first twenty-two rugby league clubs . Later that year they moved to the Hull Athletic Club 's ground at the Boulevard , Airlie Street , which gave rise to their nickname the Airlie Birds ( Early Birds ) . Traditionally people from the west side of Hull support Hull F.C . while Hull Kingston Rovers are supported by the east half , the border being the River Hull . Old Faithful is a traditional Hull F.C . terrace song . The team shares the KCOM Stadium with association football side Hull City . Their mascot is the Airlie Bird ."}]}, {'value': 'April 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joe Arundel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Arundel', 'summary': 'Joe Arundel ( born 22 August 1991 ) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a centre or second-row for Wakefield Trinity in the Betfred Super League and the England Knights at international level . He has played for the Castleford Tigers in the Super League , spending time on loan from Castleford at Gateshead Thunder in the Co-operative Championship . Arundel moved to Hull F.C . in the top flight , and spent time away from Hull F.C . at the York City Knights , Doncaster and Featherstone Rovers in the Championship , and at the Bradford Bulls and the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats in the Super League . A permanent move to Wakefield Trinity followed , with loan moves away at the Dewsbury Rams in the 2018 RFL Championship and the Newcastle Thunder in League 1 .'}]}, {'value': 'Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Hull F.C . ( Loan )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hull_F.C.', 'summary': "Hull Football Club , commonly referred to as Hull or Hull F.C. , is a professional rugby league football club established in 1865 and based in West Hull , East Riding of Yorkshire , England . The club plays in the Super League competition and were known as Hull Sharks from 1996-99 . Hull F.C . were one of the founding members of the Northern Rugby Football Union which was formed in 1895 in Huddersfield , making them one of the world 's first twenty-two rugby league clubs . Later that year they moved to the Hull Athletic Club 's ground at the Boulevard , Airlie Street , which gave rise to their nickname the Airlie Birds ( Early Birds ) . Traditionally people from the west side of Hull support Hull F.C . while Hull Kingston Rovers are supported by the east half , the border being the River Hull . Old Faithful is a traditional Hull F.C . terrace song . The team shares the KCOM Stadium with association football side Hull City . Their mascot is the Airlie Bird ."}]}, {'value': 'April 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Antonio Kaufusi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antonio_Kaufusi', 'summary': 'Antonio Kaufusi ( born 27 November 1984 ) is a Tongan former professional rugby league footballer . An Australia and Tonga international and Queensland State of Origin representative prop , he played for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs , Melbourne Storm , North Queensland Cowboys and the Newcastle Knights in the NRL , and the London Broncos , Huddersfield Giants and the Bradford Bulls in the Super League .'}]}, {'value': 'Prop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Huddersfield Giants ( Loan )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huddersfield_Giants', 'summary': "The Huddersfield Giants are an English professional rugby league club from Huddersfield , West Yorkshire , the birthplace of rugby league , who play in the Super League competition . They play their home games at the John Smiths Stadium which is shared with Huddersfield Town F.C . Huddersfield is also one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895 , making them one of the world 's first rugby league teams . The club was founded in 1864 and is the world 's oldest professional rugby league club . They have won 7 Championships and 6 Challenge Cups , but have not won a major trophy since 1962 , Although they did win the 2013 League Leaders Shield after topping the table for the first time in 81 years . The club , particularly amongst older supporters , is sometimes referred to as Fartown , after the ground in Fartown , Huddersfield that was the club 's home venue from 1878 to 1992 . The club was known as Huddersfield Barracudas from 1984-88 and Huddersfield-Sheffield Giants ( after a merger with the original Sheffield Eagles ) for the 2000 season . The team plays in a distinctive strip of a claret shirt with thin gold hoops , claret shorts and claret and gold hooped socks . They have rivalries with Warrington , Leeds , Bradford , Halifax and Wakefield Trinity ."}]}, {'value': 'May 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jordan Baldwinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jordan_Baldwinson', 'summary': 'Jordan Baldwindson ( born 11 October 1994 ) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop , second-row or loose forward for the York City Knights in the Betfred Championship . He played for the Leeds Rhinos in the Super League . Baldwinson was contracted to the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL , and spent time on loan from the Warriors at the Bradford Bulls in the Super League . He spent a season at Featherstone Rovers in the Championship , before returning to Leeds in the top flight , whilst spending time back at Featherstone on loan in the second tier . Baldwinson has also played for Wakefield Trinity in the Super League , and on loan from Wakefield at the Leigh Centurions , Halifax and York in the Championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Loose Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Leeds Rhinos ( Loan )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leeds_Rhinos', 'summary': "The Leeds Rhinos are a professional rugby league club in Leeds , West Yorkshire , England . The club was formed in 1870 as Leeds St John 's and play in the Super League , the top tier of English rugby league . They play home matches at Headingley Stadium since 1890 . In 1895 , Leeds was one of twenty-two rugby clubs which broke away from the Rugby Football Union and formed what is now the Rugby Football League . The club was known simply as Leeds until the end of the 1996 season , when they added Rhinos to their name . They are also historically known as the Loiners , referring to the demonym for a native of Leeds . Leeds have won 11 League Titles , 13 Challenge Cups and three World Club Challenge titles . Leeds play in blue and amber kits at home matches and historically have worn either white or yellow away kits . They share rivalries with St. Helens , Wigan Warriors , Bradford Bulls and Castleford Tigers as well as a local city rivalry with Hunslet ."}]}, {'value': 'May 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mason Tonks', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_league_positions', 'summary': "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ."}]}, {'value': 'Leeds Rhinos ( Loan )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leeds_Rhinos', 'summary': "The Leeds Rhinos are a professional rugby league club in Leeds , West Yorkshire , England . The club was formed in 1870 as Leeds St John 's and play in the Super League , the top tier of English rugby league . They play home matches at Headingley Stadium since 1890 . In 1895 , Leeds was one of twenty-two rugby clubs which broke away from the Rugby Football Union and formed what is now the Rugby Football League . The club was known simply as Leeds until the end of the 1996 season , when they added Rhinos to their name . They are also historically known as the Loiners , referring to the demonym for a native of Leeds . Leeds have won 11 League Titles , 13 Challenge Cups and three World Club Challenge titles . Leeds play in blue and amber kits at home matches and historically have worn either white or yellow away kits . They share rivalries with St. Helens , Wigan Warriors , Bradford Bulls and Castleford Tigers as well as a local city rivalry with Hunslet ."}]}, {'value': 'May 2014', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '2014 Transfers In/Out', 'section_text': 'In', 'uid': '2014_Bradford_Bulls_season_1', 'intro': "This article details the Bradford Bulls rugby league football club's 2014 season, the 19th season of the Super League era."}	null	null	What team was the player who has played for Australia , Tonga and Queensland State of Origin signed from ?	Huddersfield Giants
0a0aff45ddca905b	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_William_Flynn_Tournament_Most_Valuable_Player', 'title': 'List of William Flynn Tournament Most Valuable Player', 'header': ['Year', 'Winner', 'Position', 'School'], 'data': [{'value': '2003', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2003_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2003 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 19th Tournament in the history of the conference . It was played between March 6 and March 17 , 2003 . Quarterfinal games were played at home team campus sites , while the final four games were played at the Fleet Center in Boston , Massachusetts , the home venue of the NHL 's Boston Bruins . By winning the tournament New Hampshire received the Hockey East 's automatic bid to the 2003 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Sean Fields ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sean_Fields', 'summary': "Sean Fields ( born March 6 , 1981 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender . Prior to turning professional , Fields attended Boston University . Playing four seasons with the Boston University Terriers men 's ice hockey team ( 2000-04 ) , Fields set , and still holds , the Hockey East record as the goaltender with the best career save percentage of 90.5% . Fields also holds the Boston Terriers record for most career wins with 62 ."}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston University', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': 'The Boston University Terriers mens ice hockey program is one of the most storied teams in NCAA Division I hockey , playing its first ever game in 1918 and winning five national championships , while making twenty-two appearances in the Frozen Four . BU has won twelve major conference tournament championships as well as 30 titles in the historic Beanpot tournament featuring the four major Boston collegiate hockey teams . BU played in the Eastern College Athletic Conference ( ECAC ) from 1961 to 1984 , winning five tournament championships ; and has since competed in the Hockey East Association , winning seven tournament titles . Mens ice hockey is the most popular sport at Boston University and has a large fan base on campus and among BU alumni nationwide .'}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2004_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2004 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 20th Tournament in the history of the conference . It was played between March 11 and March 20 , 2004 . Quarterfinal games were played at home team campus sites , while the final four games were played at the Fleet Center in Boston , Massachusetts , the home venue of the NHL 's Boston Bruins . By winning the tournament Maine received the Hockey East 's automatic bid to the 2004 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Jimmy Howard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_Howard', 'summary': "James Russell Howard III ( born March 26 , 1984 ) is an American professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently playing for the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Howard was runner up in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy following the 2009-10 NHL season as the NHL 's rookie of the year ."}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Maine', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Maine_Black_Bears_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Maine Black Bears men 's ice hockey is a ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents the University of Maine . The Black Bears are a member of Hockey East . They play at the Harold Alfond Sports Arena commonly known as Alfond Arena in Orono , Maine . The Black Bears have appeared in eleven Frozen Fours , have a 28-18 record in NCAA Tournament games , and have won two national championships - in 1993 and 1999 ."}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2005_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2005 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 21st Tournament in the history of the conference . It was played between March 10 and March 19 , 2005 . Quarterfinal games were played at home team campus sites , while the final four games were played at the Fleet Center in Boston , Massachusetts , the home venue of the NHL 's Boston Bruins . By winning the tournament Boston College received the Hockey East 's automatic bid to the 2005 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Brian Boyle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Boyle', 'summary': "Brian Paul Boyle ( born December 18 , 1984 ) is an American professional ice hockey center who is currently playing for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Boyle has previously played for the Los Angeles Kings , New York Rangers , Tampa Bay Lightning , Toronto Maple Leafs , New Jersey Devils and Nashville Predators . He attended St. Sebastian 's School in Needham , Massachusetts , before moving on to Boston College . Boyle grew up in Hingham , just south of Boston ."}]}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'The centre ( or center in the United States ) in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice , away from the sideboards . Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player . Centres are ideally stronger , faster skaters who can back-check quickly from deep in the opposing zone . Generally , centres are expected to be gifted passers more than goal scorers , although there are exceptions . They are also expected to have exceptional ice vision , intelligence , and creativity . They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice . Centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston College', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Boston College Eagles are a Division I college hockey program that represent Boston College in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts . The team has competed in Hockey East since 1984 , having previously played in the ECAC . The Eagles have won five national championships , the most recent coming in 2012 . Home games have been played at Kelley Rink at Conte Forum , named after coach John Snooks Kelley , since 1988 , having previously played at McHugh Forum . The Eagles are coached by former Eagles forward Jerry York , who has won the most games of any head coach in NCAA hockey history , having surpassed Ron Mason 's 924th win on December 29 , 2012 . York is an alumnus of Boston College , a member of the class of 1967 ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2006_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2006 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 22nd Tournament in the history of the conference . It was played between March 9 and March 18 , 2006 . Quarterfinal games were played at home team campus sites , while the final four games were played at the TD Banknorth Garden in Boston , Massachusetts , the home venue of the NHL 's Boston Bruins . By winning the tournament , Boston University received the Hockey East 's automatic bid to the 2006 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'David Van der Gulik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Van_der_Gulik', 'summary': 'David Van der Gulik ( born April 20 , 1983 ) is a Canadian retired ice hockey right winger . He was a draft pick of the Calgary Flames , selected 206th overall in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft , and appeared in six games with the team in 2008-09 before spending four seasons with the Colorado Avalanche and his last North American season with the Los Angeles Kings .'}]}, {'value': 'Right Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area . They typically work by flanking the centre forward . Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink . Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners . They tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenseman . This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e . left wing or right wing .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston University', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': 'The Boston University Terriers mens ice hockey program is one of the most storied teams in NCAA Division I hockey , playing its first ever game in 1918 and winning five national championships , while making twenty-two appearances in the Frozen Four . BU has won twelve major conference tournament championships as well as 30 titles in the historic Beanpot tournament featuring the four major Boston collegiate hockey teams . BU played in the Eastern College Athletic Conference ( ECAC ) from 1961 to 1984 , winning five tournament championships ; and has since competed in the Hockey East Association , winning seven tournament titles . Mens ice hockey is the most popular sport at Boston University and has a large fan base on campus and among BU alumni nationwide .'}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2007_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2007 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 23rd Tournament in the history of the conference . It was played between March 8 and March 17 , 2007 . Quarterfinal games were played at home team campus sites , while the final four games were played at the TD Banknorth Garden in Boston , Massachusetts , the home venue of the NHL 's Boston Bruins . By winning the tournament Boston College received the Hockey East 's automatic bid to the 2007 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Brock Bradford', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'The centre ( or center in the United States ) in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice , away from the sideboards . Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player . Centres are ideally stronger , faster skaters who can back-check quickly from deep in the opposing zone . Generally , centres are expected to be gifted passers more than goal scorers , although there are exceptions . They are also expected to have exceptional ice vision , intelligence , and creativity . They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice . Centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston College', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Boston College Eagles are a Division I college hockey program that represent Boston College in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts . The team has competed in Hockey East since 1984 , having previously played in the ECAC . The Eagles have won five national championships , the most recent coming in 2012 . Home games have been played at Kelley Rink at Conte Forum , named after coach John Snooks Kelley , since 1988 , having previously played at McHugh Forum . The Eagles are coached by former Eagles forward Jerry York , who has won the most games of any head coach in NCAA hockey history , having surpassed Ron Mason 's 924th win on December 29 , 2012 . York is an alumnus of Boston College , a member of the class of 1967 ."}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2008_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2008 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 14 and March 22 , 2008 at campus locations and at the TD Banknorth Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . By winning the tournament , Boston College was awarded the Lamoriello Trophy and an automatic bid to the 2008 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Nathan Gerbe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nathan_Gerbe', 'summary': 'Nathan David Gerbe ( born July 24 , 1987 ) is an American professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He previously played with Genève-Servette HC of the National League ( NL ) and for the Carolina Hurricanes and the Buffalo Sabres in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . At 5 feet and 4 inches tall , Gerbe is the shortest player in NHL history .'}]}, {'value': 'Left Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area . They typically work by flanking the centre forward . Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink . Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners . They tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenseman . This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e . left wing or right wing .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston College', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Boston College Eagles are a Division I college hockey program that represent Boston College in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts . The team has competed in Hockey East since 1984 , having previously played in the ECAC . The Eagles have won five national championships , the most recent coming in 2012 . Home games have been played at Kelley Rink at Conte Forum , named after coach John Snooks Kelley , since 1988 , having previously played at McHugh Forum . The Eagles are coached by former Eagles forward Jerry York , who has won the most games of any head coach in NCAA hockey history , having surpassed Ron Mason 's 924th win on December 29 , 2012 . York is an alumnus of Boston College , a member of the class of 1967 ."}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2009_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2009 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 13 and March 21 , 2009 at campus locations and at the TD Banknorth Garden in Boston , Massachusetts , United States . Boston University won their seventh Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament and the Lamoriello Trophy and received Hockey East 's automatic bid to the 2009 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Kieran Millan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kieran_Millan', 'summary': "Kieran Millan ( born August 31 , 1989 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender . After a successful four-year collegiate career at Boston University , he played two seasons in hockey 's minor leagues as a prospect within the Colorado Avalanche organization of the National Hockey League ."}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston University', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': 'The Boston University Terriers mens ice hockey program is one of the most storied teams in NCAA Division I hockey , playing its first ever game in 1918 and winning five national championships , while making twenty-two appearances in the Frozen Four . BU has won twelve major conference tournament championships as well as 30 titles in the historic Beanpot tournament featuring the four major Boston collegiate hockey teams . BU played in the Eastern College Athletic Conference ( ECAC ) from 1961 to 1984 , winning five tournament championships ; and has since competed in the Hockey East Association , winning seven tournament titles . Mens ice hockey is the most popular sport at Boston University and has a large fan base on campus and among BU alumni nationwide .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2010_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2010 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 12 and March 20 , 2010 at campus locations and at the TD Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . Boston College was awarded the Lamoriello Trophy and an automatic bid to the 2010 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Matt Lombardi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Right Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area . They typically work by flanking the centre forward . Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink . Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners . They tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenseman . This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e . left wing or right wing .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston College', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Boston College Eagles are a Division I college hockey program that represent Boston College in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts . The team has competed in Hockey East since 1984 , having previously played in the ECAC . The Eagles have won five national championships , the most recent coming in 2012 . Home games have been played at Kelley Rink at Conte Forum , named after coach John Snooks Kelley , since 1988 , having previously played at McHugh Forum . The Eagles are coached by former Eagles forward Jerry York , who has won the most games of any head coach in NCAA hockey history , having surpassed Ron Mason 's 924th win on December 29 , 2012 . York is an alumnus of Boston College , a member of the class of 1967 ."}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2011_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2011 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 11 and March 19 , 2011 at campus locations and at the TD Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . The Boston College Eagles won their tenth Hockey East Tournament and earned the Hockey East 's automatic bid into the 2011 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Cam Atkinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cam_Atkinson', 'summary': 'Cameron Thomas Atkinson ( born June 5 , 1989 ) is an American professional ice hockey player who is currently an alternate captain for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Atkinson was selected by the Blue Jackets in the sixth round , 157th overall , of the 2008 NHL Entry Draft . Although smaller than most forwards in the NHL , he is known for his great speed , soft hands and excellent shooting skills .'}]}, {'value': 'Right Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area . They typically work by flanking the centre forward . Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink . Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners . They tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenseman . This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e . left wing or right wing .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston College', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Boston College Eagles are a Division I college hockey program that represent Boston College in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts . The team has competed in Hockey East since 1984 , having previously played in the ECAC . The Eagles have won five national championships , the most recent coming in 2012 . Home games have been played at Kelley Rink at Conte Forum , named after coach John Snooks Kelley , since 1988 , having previously played at McHugh Forum . The Eagles are coached by former Eagles forward Jerry York , who has won the most games of any head coach in NCAA hockey history , having surpassed Ron Mason 's 924th win on December 29 , 2012 . York is an alumnus of Boston College , a member of the class of 1967 ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2012_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2012 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 8 and March 17 , 2012 at campus locations and at the TD Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . The Boston College Eagles won their eleventh Hockey East Tournament and earned the Hockey East 's automatic bid into the 2012 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Johnny Gaudreau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johnny_Gaudreau', 'summary': "John Michael Gaudreau ( born August 13 , 1993 ) is an American professional ice hockey winger currently playing for the Calgary Flames in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He played for the NCAA Division I 's Boston College Eagles from 2011 to 2014 . Gaudreau was selected by the Flames in the fourth round , 104th overall , of the 2011 NHL Entry Draft . Nicknamed Johnny Hockey , he was the 2014 winner of the Hobey Baker Award as the best player in the NCAA , and , during his first full NHL season in 2014-15 , he was selected to play in the 2015 NHL All-Star Game and was a Calder Memorial Trophy finalist for the NHL 's best rookie . He won the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy as the NHL 's most gentlemanly player for the 2016-17 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Left Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area . They typically work by flanking the centre forward . Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink . Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners . They tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenseman . This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e . left wing or right wing .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston College', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Boston College Eagles are a Division I college hockey program that represent Boston College in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts . The team has competed in Hockey East since 1984 , having previously played in the ECAC . The Eagles have won five national championships , the most recent coming in 2012 . Home games have been played at Kelley Rink at Conte Forum , named after coach John Snooks Kelley , since 1988 , having previously played at McHugh Forum . The Eagles are coached by former Eagles forward Jerry York , who has won the most games of any head coach in NCAA hockey history , having surpassed Ron Mason 's 924th win on December 29 , 2012 . York is an alumnus of Boston College , a member of the class of 1967 ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2013_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2013 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 14 and March 13 , 2013 at campus locations and at the TD Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . The Massachusetts-Lowell River Hawks won their first Hockey East Tournament and earned the Hockey East 's automatic bid into the 2013 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Connor Hellebuyck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Connor_Hellebuyck', 'summary': 'Connor Charles Hellebuyck ( /ˈhɛləbʌk/ HEL-ə-buk ; born May 19 , 1993 ) is an American professional ice hockey goaltender for the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He was selected by the Jets in the fifth round , 130th overall , of the 2012 NHL Entry Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Massachusetts-Lowell', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UMass_Lowell_River_Hawks_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The UMass Lowell River Hawks men 's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents the University of Massachusetts Lowell . It competes at the NCAA Division I level in the Hockey East Association . The team competed at the Division II level until 1983 . That year the University of Lowell was raised to D1 in hockey only and joined the newly formed Hockey East Association . 30 years later with a name change to both the school and the team , the University of Massachusetts Lowell claimed their first Hockey East regular season title and HEA Tournament championship in 2013 . The River Hawks made their first Frozen Four in 2013 as well . UMass Lowell would repeat as Hockey East champions in 2014 and then again in 2017 . The River Hawks have played at The Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell since its opening in January 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2014_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2014 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 7 and March 22 , 2014 at campus locations and at the TD Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . The Massachusetts-Lowell River Hawks , the defending champions from the 2012-13 season , defeated New Hampshire 4-0 to repeat as champions and became the 7th team in league history to successfully defend their title . Sophomore goalie Connor Hellebuyck was named tournament MVP for his 30-save shutout in the championship match that gave the River Hawks Hockey East 's automatic bid into the 2014 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament . The tournament is the 30th in league history , as the conference entered its 30th year of existence . It was also the first tournament since 2004 that neither Boston College nor Boston University advanced to at least the semifinals , played at the TD Garden ."}]}, {'value': 'Connor Hellebuyck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Connor_Hellebuyck', 'summary': 'Connor Charles Hellebuyck ( /ˈhɛləbʌk/ HEL-ə-buk ; born May 19 , 1993 ) is an American professional ice hockey goaltender for the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He was selected by the Jets in the fifth round , 130th overall , of the 2012 NHL Entry Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Massachusetts-Lowell', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UMass_Lowell_River_Hawks_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The UMass Lowell River Hawks men 's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents the University of Massachusetts Lowell . It competes at the NCAA Division I level in the Hockey East Association . The team competed at the Division II level until 1983 . That year the University of Lowell was raised to D1 in hockey only and joined the newly formed Hockey East Association . 30 years later with a name change to both the school and the team , the University of Massachusetts Lowell claimed their first Hockey East regular season title and HEA Tournament championship in 2013 . The River Hawks made their first Frozen Four in 2013 as well . UMass Lowell would repeat as Hockey East champions in 2014 and then again in 2017 . The River Hawks have played at The Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell since its opening in January 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2015_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2015 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 6 and March 21 , 2015 at campus locations and at the TD Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . The Boston University Terriers defeated the UMass Lowell River Hawks by a score of 5-3 to earn their 8th Hockey East championship in school history and earn Hockey East 's automatic bid into the 2015 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament . Jack Eichel was named tournament MVP . The tournament is the 31st in league history ."}]}, {'value': 'Jack Eichel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_Eichel', 'summary': "John Robert Eichel ( born October 28 , 1996 ) is an American professional ice hockey center currently serving as the captain for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Eichel was selected second overall in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft by the Buffalo Sabres . Before entering the league , Eichel was described at the age of 17 as the new face of American hockey , and he is considered a member of a rising class of generational talents in the sport , along with fellow 2015 draftee Connor McDavid . Eichel was the recipient of the 2015 Hobey Baker Award , given to the top National Collegiate Athletic Association men 's ice hockey player . He was the second freshman to win the award and the first since Paul Kariya in 1993 ."}]}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'The centre ( or center in the United States ) in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice , away from the sideboards . Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player . Centres are ideally stronger , faster skaters who can back-check quickly from deep in the opposing zone . Generally , centres are expected to be gifted passers more than goal scorers , although there are exceptions . They are also expected to have exceptional ice vision , intelligence , and creativity . They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice . Centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston University', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': 'The Boston University Terriers mens ice hockey program is one of the most storied teams in NCAA Division I hockey , playing its first ever game in 1918 and winning five national championships , while making twenty-two appearances in the Frozen Four . BU has won twelve major conference tournament championships as well as 30 titles in the historic Beanpot tournament featuring the four major Boston collegiate hockey teams . BU played in the Eastern College Athletic Conference ( ECAC ) from 1961 to 1984 , winning five tournament championships ; and has since competed in the Hockey East Association , winning seven tournament titles . Mens ice hockey is the most popular sport at Boston University and has a large fan base on campus and among BU alumni nationwide .'}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2016_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2016 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 3 and March 19 , 2016 at campus locations and at the TD Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . The Northeastern Huskies defeated the UMass Lowell River Hawks by a score of 3-2 to earn their 2nd Hockey East championship in school history and earn Hockey East 's automatic bid into the 2016 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament . Kevin Boyle was named tournament MVP . The tournament was the 32nd in league history ."}]}, {'value': 'Kevin Boyle ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Boyle_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Kevin Boyle ( born May 30 , 1992 ) is an American professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently playing with the San Diego Gulls in the American Hockey League ( AHL ) as a prospect to the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Massachusetts-Lowell', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UMass_Lowell_River_Hawks_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The UMass Lowell River Hawks men 's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents the University of Massachusetts Lowell . It competes at the NCAA Division I level in the Hockey East Association . The team competed at the Division II level until 1983 . That year the University of Lowell was raised to D1 in hockey only and joined the newly formed Hockey East Association . 30 years later with a name change to both the school and the team , the University of Massachusetts Lowell claimed their first Hockey East regular season title and HEA Tournament championship in 2013 . The River Hawks made their first Frozen Four in 2013 as well . UMass Lowell would repeat as Hockey East champions in 2014 and then again in 2017 . The River Hawks have played at The Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell since its opening in January 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2017_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2017 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 3 and March 18 , 2017 at campus locations and at the TD Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . The Massachusetts-Lowell River Hawks defeated the Boston College Eagles by a score of 4-3 to earn their 3rd Hockey East championship in school history , the third in five years , and earn Hockey East 's automatic bid into the 2017 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament . C. J. Smith was named tournament MVP . The tournament was the 33rd in league history ."}]}, {'value': 'C. J. Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/C._J._Smith_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'C. J. Smith ( born December 1 , 1994 ) is an American professional ice hockey forward , currently playing with the Rochester Americans in the American Hockey League ( AHL ) while under contract to the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'In ice hockey , a forward is a player position on the ice whose primary responsibility is to score and assist goals . Generally , the forwards try to stay in three different lanes , also known as thirds , of the ice going from goal to goal . It is not mandatory , however , to stay in a lane . Staying in a lane aids in forming the common offensive strategy known as a triangle . One forward obtains the puck and then the forwards pass it between themselves making the goalie move side to side . This strategy opens up the net for scoring opportunities . This strategy allows for a constant flow of the play , attempting to maintain the control of play by one team in the offensive zone . The forwards can pass to the defence players playing at the blue line , thus freeing up the play and allowing either a shot from the point ( blue line position where the defence stands ) or a pass back to the offence . This then begins the triangle again . Each team has three forwards in each line :'}]}, {'value': 'Massachusetts-Lowell', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UMass_Lowell_River_Hawks_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The UMass Lowell River Hawks men 's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents the University of Massachusetts Lowell . It competes at the NCAA Division I level in the Hockey East Association . The team competed at the Division II level until 1983 . That year the University of Lowell was raised to D1 in hockey only and joined the newly formed Hockey East Association . 30 years later with a name change to both the school and the team , the University of Massachusetts Lowell claimed their first Hockey East regular season title and HEA Tournament championship in 2013 . The River Hawks made their first Frozen Four in 2013 as well . UMass Lowell would repeat as Hockey East champions in 2014 and then again in 2017 . The River Hawks have played at The Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell since its opening in January 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2018_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2018 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 2 and March 17 , 2018 at campus locations and at the TD Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . Boston University won their 9th tournament and earned Hockey East 's automatic bid into the 2018 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament . The tournament was the 34th in league history ."}]}, {'value': 'Jake Oettinger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jake_Oettinger', 'summary': 'Jakob Oettinger ( born December 18 , 1998 ) is an American professional ice hockey player for the Texas Stars of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) while under contract to the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He played for Boston University during his collegiate career . After being part of the USA Hockey National Team Development Program , he was widely considered as a top prospect for 2017 NHL Entry Draft . The Dallas Stars selected Oettinger in the first round , 26th overall , of the 2017 NHL Entry Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston University', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': 'The Boston University Terriers mens ice hockey program is one of the most storied teams in NCAA Division I hockey , playing its first ever game in 1918 and winning five national championships , while making twenty-two appearances in the Frozen Four . BU has won twelve major conference tournament championships as well as 30 titles in the historic Beanpot tournament featuring the four major Boston collegiate hockey teams . BU played in the Eastern College Athletic Conference ( ECAC ) from 1961 to 1984 , winning five tournament championships ; and has since competed in the Hockey East Association , winning seven tournament titles . Mens ice hockey is the most popular sport at Boston University and has a large fan base on campus and among BU alumni nationwide .'}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2019_Hockey_East_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 2019 Hockey East Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was played between March 15 and March 23 , 2019 , at campus locations and at the TD Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . Northeastern won their 3rd tournament and earned Hockey East 's automatic bid into the 2019 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament . The tournament was the 35th in league history ."}]}, {'value': 'Cayden Primeau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cayden_Primeau', 'summary': 'Cayden Primeau ( born August 11 , 1999 ) is an American professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently playing with the Laval Rocket in the American Hockey League ( AHL ) as a prospect for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He helped Northeastern win their third Hockey East Tournament in 2019 and received the Mike Richter Award as the National Goaltender of the Year the same season .'}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Northeastern', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Northeastern_Huskies_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Northeastern Huskies men 's ice hockey team is a NCAA Division I college ice hockey program that represents Northeastern University in Boston , Massachusetts . The team has competed in Hockey East since 1984 and has won three tournament titles , having previously played in the Eastern College Athletic Conference ( ECAC ) , where they won one tournament championship . The Huskies currently play home games at the 4,666-seat Matthews Arena , the world 's oldest hockey arena still in use . Former player Jim Madigan has coached the Huskies since 2011 ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_William_Flynn_Tournament_Most_Valuable_Player_1', 'intro': 'The William Flynn Tournament Most Valuable Player is an annual award given out at the conclusion of the Hockey East tournament to the best player in the championship as voted by a panel of writers and broadcasters. The award is named in honor of former Boston College athletic director William Flynn. The Tournament MVP was first awarded in 1985 and every year thereafter. Connor Hellebuyck is the only player to have won the award more than once, winning in consecutive years 2013 and 2014. Four recipients have received the honor while not playing for the conference champion, all of them being the runner-up goaltender. (as of 2016)'}	null	null	What is the name of the school attended by hockey player that currently plays for the Detroit Red Wings ?	Maine
0a0bcb1f328545cf	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sponsored_sports_venues', 'title': 'List of sponsored sports venues', 'header': ['Name', 'Location', 'Type', 'Main occupant'], 'data': [{'value': 'Estadio Akron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Akron', 'summary': "The Estadio Akron , formerly known as the Estadio Omnilife and Estadio Chivas ( Estadio Chivas , Spanish pronunciation : [ esˈtaðjo ˈtʃiβas ] ) , is a multipurpose stadium that is used mostly for football matches , including home matches for Club Deportivo Guadalajara , commonly known as the Chivas . It is part of the JVC complex , and has a capacity of 49,850 . Construction started in February 2004 , but due to financial problems and other issues , the stadium 's completion was delayed for a number of years . The stadium hosted its first major international event with the first leg of the 2010 Finals of the Copa Libertadores , and hosted the 2011 Pan American Games opening and closing ceremonies . The stadium 's artificial field caused great controversy , drawing criticism from many notable players , and in May 2012 , it was announced that the stadium would replace the artificial turf with natural grass ."}]}, {'value': 'Guadalajara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guadalajara', 'summary': "Guadalajara ( /ˌɡwɑːdələˈhɑːrə/ , Spanish : [ ɡwaðalaˈxaɾa ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Jalisco , and the seat of the municipality of Guadalajara . The city is in the central region of Jalisco in the Western-Pacific area of Mexico . With a population of 1,460,148 inhabitants , it is Mexico 's second most populous municipality . The Guadalajara metropolitan area has a reported population of 5,002,466 inhabitants , making it the second most populous metropolitan area in Mexico , behind Mexico City . The municipality is the second most densely populated in Mexico , the first being Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl in the State of Mexico . It is a strong business and economic center in the Bajío region . Guadalajara is the tenth-largest Latin American city in population , urban area and gross domestic product . The city 's economy is based on services and industry , especially information technology , with many international firms having regional offices and manufacturing facilities in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area , and several domestic IT companies headquartered in the city . Other , more traditional industries , such as shoes , textiles and food processing are also important contributing factors . Guadalajara is a major Mexican cultural center , as it is considered by most to be the home of the famous mariachi genre of music , and plays host to a number of large-scale cultural events such as the Guadalajara International Film Festival , the Guadalajara International Book Fair , and other globally renowned cultural events which draw international crowds . It is home to C.D . Guadalajara , one of the most popular football clubs in Mexico ."}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guadalajara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/C.D._Guadalajara', 'summary': "Club Deportivo Guadalajara S.A. de C.V. ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkluβ ðepoɾˈtiβo ɣwaðalaˈxaɾa ] ) ; often simply known as Guadalajara ( [ ɡwaðalaˈxaɾa ] ) and Chivas ( [ ˈtʃiβas ] ) , is a Mexican professional football club based in Guadalajara , Jalisco . Guadalajara is one of the ten founding members of the Mexican First Division and along with Club América is one of only two teams that have never been relegated to the second-tier division . Guadalajara is the only football club in Mexico that does n't allow foreign players to play in their club . The team has constantly emphasized home-grown ( cantera ) players and has been the launching pad of a few internationally successful players , including Omar Bravo , Javier Hernández , Francisco Javier Rodríguez , and Marco Fabián . The team 's three colors ( red , white , and blue ) symbolize Fraternity , Union , and Sports . The founders of the team adopted the colors that linked them back to their home country , France . Chivas supporters use a flag identical to the French flag to support their team . The team mascot , as well as their nickname , is the goat or chiva . Chivas was one Mexico 's most successful teams and holds the Mexican league record for the longest winning streak at the beginning of a season , with 8 consecutive wins . Internationally , Guadalajara is the best Mexican side to compete in Copa Libertadores having reached the semifinals twice ( 2005 and 2006 ) and being runner-ups in the 2010 edition . According to a study of preferred football clubs published in April 2016 by Euroamericas Sport Marketing Spain , Guadalajara is the most popular team in Mexico , with 44.2% of supporters in the country ."}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Azul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Azul', 'summary': "The Estadio Azul , is a 33,000-seat stadium located in Mexico City . This sports facility is currently used for association football matches and previously ( until 1990 ) for American football . The Tazón México has been played at the stadium . It was the home of Mexican football club Cruz Azul until 2018 , and also has been home for Atlante F.C . ( hence the nickname Estadio Azulgrana ) and the Mexico national football team , especially in the early 1990s . In summer 2016 , it was announced by Mexico City authorities that plans to demolish the stadium will begin at the end of the 2017-2018 Liga MX season . In July 2018 , the demolition project was put on hold and the stadium will temporarily host college sports . Demolition plans may resurface some time in 2020 . Both times that Mexico hosted the World Cup , Estadio Azul did not host any games mainly due to the age of the structure , bad parking facilities , and complex traffic patterns . A peculiarity of this stadium is that it is built as a pit with the playing field is below street level . Just beside the stadium is the Plaza México , the world 's largest bullring ."}]}, {'value': 'Mexico City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico_City', 'summary': "Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , American Spanish : [ sjuˈða ( ð ) ðe ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; abbreviated as CDMX , Nahuatl languages : Āltepētl Mēxihco ) , is one of the 32 states which make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico and the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America . It is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the world . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus in the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2,240 meters ( 7,350 ft ) . The city has 16 alcaldías , formerly known as boroughs . The 2009 population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1,485 square kilometers ( 573 sq mi ) . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the population of Greater Mexico City is 21.3 million , which makes it the second largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere , the eleventh-largest agglomeration ( 2017 ) , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $ 411 billion in 2011 , making Greater Mexico City one of the most productive urban areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico 's GDP , and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP . If it were an independent country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America , five times as large as Costa Rica and about the same size as Peru . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people , the other being Quito , Ecuador . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 , it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cruz Azul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cruz_Azul', 'summary': "Cruz Azul ( pronounced [ kɾus a'sool ] ) is a Mexican football club that plays in the top division of Mexican football , Liga MX . Originally from Hidalgo in the town of Jasso ( now part of the city cooperative Ciudad Cooperativa Cruz Azul ) , south of Tula de Allende , the club moved to Mexico City in 1971 . Estadio Azteca , the nation 's largest sports venue , served as their home venue until 1996 , when they moved to the Estadio Azul . After 22 years , however , the team returned to the Azteca at the conclusion of the 2017-18 Liga MX season . Its headquarters are in La Noria , a suburb within Xochimilco in the southern part of Mexico City . Cruz Azul has been the Primera División champion eight times , trailing Toluca 's 10 , C.D . Guadalajara 's 12 , and Club América 's 13 . Cruz Azul 's six titles makes it the second-most successful club in the history of the CONCACAF Champions League , the most prestigious international club competition in North American football , trailing intracity rival Club America . Cruz Azul was also the first CONCACAF team to reach the final of the Copa Libertadores , the most prestigious club competition in South American football ( which invited top Liga MX clubs from 1998 to 2017 ) , losing on penalties to Argentine football giants Boca Juniors in 2001 . In the 1968-69 season , Cruz Azul was the first CONCACAF club ( and third worldwide ) to complete a rare Continental Treble , winning the Mexican Primera División championship , the Copa México national tournament , and the CONCACAF Champions League . The International Federation of Football History & Statistics , in its Club World Ranking for year ending December 31 , 2014 , places Cruz Azul as the 99th-best club in the world and the third-best club in CONCACAF . According to several polls published , Cruz Azul is the third-most popular team in Mexico , behind only C.D ."}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Banorte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Banorte', 'summary': 'Estadio Banorte is a stadium with a capacity of 21,000 seats . Is home of the team Dorados de Sinaloa . The stadium was inaugurated on August 9 , 2003 in a match played between Dorados de Sinaloa and Cobras de Ciudad Juárez . The final score was Dorados 4-2 Cobras . The first goal scored in this stage was the work of Hector Giménez . The building has a capacity for 20,108 fans , the same that is constructed in 2003 in record time of just three months .'}]}, {'value': 'Culiacán', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Culiacán', 'summary': 'Culiacán ( Spanish pronunciation : [ kuljaˈkan ] ( listen ) ) is a city in northwestern Mexico . It is the largest city in and the capital of the state of Sinaloa . It is also the seat of Culiacán Municipality . It had an urban population of 785,800 in 2015 while 905,660 lived in the entire municipality . While the municipality has a total area of 4,758 km2 ( 1,837 sq mi ) , the city itself is considerably smaller , measuring only 65 km2 ( 25 sq mi ) . The city is located in a valley at the confluence of the Tamazula and Humaya Rivers , where the two meet to form the Culiacán River , 55 m above sea level . It is in the center of the state , at about the same distance to the two other urban centers of the state : Los Mochis to the north and Mazatlán to the south .'}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dorados de Sinaloa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dorados_de_Sinaloa', 'summary': "Dorados de Sinaloa , or Dorados , is a Mexican professional football club based in Culiacán . The club plays its home games in Culiacán , Mexico . Dorados was the youngest franchise to play in the Primera División de México , having joined the division for the first time for the Apertura 2004 tournament , when the club was only one year old . Dorados currently plays in Ascenso MX , the second tier of the Mexican league . The goalkeeper 's primary colours are a red shirt and white shorts , and the secondary attire is all white ."}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Caliente', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Caliente', 'summary': "The Estadio Caliente Xoloitzcuintles is a multi-use stadium in Tijuana , Baja California , Mexico , that is mostly used for football matches . The stadium hosts home matches for the football club Club Tijuana , who play in Liga MX , Mexico 's top league ."}]}, {'value': 'Tijuana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tijuana', 'summary': "Tijuana ( US : /tiːˈ ( h ) wɑːnə/ tee- ( H ) WAH-nə , [ a ] Spanish : [ tiˈxwana ] ( listen ) ) is the largest city of both Baja California State and the Baja Peninsula . It is part of the San Diego-Tijuana transborder urban agglomeration and the larger Southern California megalopolis . As the 6th-largest city in Mexico and center of the 6th-largest metro area in Mexico , Tijuana exerts a strong influence in education and politics - across Mexico , in transportation , culture and art - across all three Californias ( the U.S. state of California , Baja California and Baja California Sur ) , and in manufacturing and as a migration hub - across the North American continent . Currently one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in Mexico , Tijuana maintains GaWC 'sufficiency city ' status . As of 2015 [ update ] , the city of Tijuana had a population of 1,641,570 . Tijuana is located on the Gold Coast of Baja California , and is the municipal seat and the cultural and commercial center of Tijuana Municipality ( Mexican states are divided into municipalities , rather than counties as in the U.S. ) . Tijuana covers 70% of the territory of the municipality and contains 80% of its population . A dominant manufacturing center of the North American continent , the city maintains facilities of many multinational conglomerate companies . In the early 21st century , Tijuana became the medical-device manufacturing capital of North America . Tijuana is also a growing cultural center and has been recognized as an important new cultural mecca . The city is the most visited border city in the world ; sharing a border of about 24 km ( 15 mi ) with its sister city San Diego . More than fifty million people cross the border between these two cities every year ."}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tijuana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_Tijuana', 'summary': 'Club Tijuana Xoloitzcuintles de Caliente , commonly referred to as Xolos de Tijuana , or simply as Xolos , is a Mexican professional football club from Tijuana , Baja California , Mexico . Founded in January 2007 , the club was promoted to Liga MX in 2011 , where they have played since . They won their first title in the 2012 Apertura .'}]}, {'value': 'Estadio de Beisbol Calimax', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_de_Beisbol_Calimax', 'summary': 'Estadio Chevron ( formerly known as Estadio Nacional de Tijuana , Estadio de Beisbol Calimax , and Estadio Gasmart ) is a professional baseball stadium located in Tijuana , Baja California , in Mexico with a capacity of 17,000 , all seated . It was built in 1976 and named after a supermarket chain based in Baja California . It was expanded in 2006 to its current capacity . In the past it has also been the site of several México Segunda División ( second division ) and México Tercera División ( third or last division ) football clubs in the Mexican League System such as Inter de Tijuana and Chivas Tijuana . The ballpark has played host to the Mexican Baseball League teams , the Tijuana Toros in 2004 and the Tijuana Potros from 2005 to 2008 . It played host to the Tijuana Cimarrones of the Golden Baseball League for one season in 2010 . Most recently it has played host to the second iteration of the Toros de Tijuana , members of the Liga Norte de México ( League of Northern Mexico ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Tijuana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tijuana', 'summary': "Tijuana ( US : /tiːˈ ( h ) wɑːnə/ tee- ( H ) WAH-nə , [ a ] Spanish : [ tiˈxwana ] ( listen ) ) is the largest city of both Baja California State and the Baja Peninsula . It is part of the San Diego-Tijuana transborder urban agglomeration and the larger Southern California megalopolis . As the 6th-largest city in Mexico and center of the 6th-largest metro area in Mexico , Tijuana exerts a strong influence in education and politics - across Mexico , in transportation , culture and art - across all three Californias ( the U.S. state of California , Baja California and Baja California Sur ) , and in manufacturing and as a migration hub - across the North American continent . Currently one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in Mexico , Tijuana maintains GaWC 'sufficiency city ' status . As of 2015 [ update ] , the city of Tijuana had a population of 1,641,570 . Tijuana is located on the Gold Coast of Baja California , and is the municipal seat and the cultural and commercial center of Tijuana Municipality ( Mexican states are divided into municipalities , rather than counties as in the U.S. ) . Tijuana covers 70% of the territory of the municipality and contains 80% of its population . A dominant manufacturing center of the North American continent , the city maintains facilities of many multinational conglomerate companies . In the early 21st century , Tijuana became the medical-device manufacturing capital of North America . Tijuana is also a growing cultural center and has been recognized as an important new cultural mecca . The city is the most visited border city in the world ; sharing a border of about 24 km ( 15 mi ) with its sister city San Diego . More than fifty million people cross the border between these two cities every year ."}]}, {'value': 'Baseball park', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tijuana Potros', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tijuana_Cimarrones', 'summary': 'The Tijuana Cimarrones were a professional independent baseball franchise based in Tijuana , Baja California , Mexico . They were originally a minor league baseball team in Liga Mexicana de Béisbol ( Mexican Baseball League ) , but joined the Golden Baseball League as an expansion team in 2009 . The team started play at Estadio Nacional de Tijuana ( Tijuana National Stadium ) in 2010 , which was the last year of play for the Golden Baseball League . In 2011 , the Golden League and two others consolidated to form the North American League , but the Cimarrones did not participate in that league . The Tijuana Embajadores was a proposed team from Tijuana that had at one time been scheduled to participate in the North American League ( NAL ) , but that team also failed to start the season with the NAL .'}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Casas GEO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Casas_GEO', 'summary': 'Estadio Nido de los Aguilas , officially known due to sponsorship as Estadio Farmacias Sta . Mónica , is a stadium in Mexicali , Mexico . It is primarily used for baseball and has a capacity of over 19,000 spectators . The stadium hosted the 2009 Caribbean Series . It serves as the home stadium for Águilas de Mexicali who compete in the Liga Mexicana del Pacifico baseball league .'}]}, {'value': 'Mexicali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexicali', 'summary': "Mexicali ( English : /ˌmɛksɪˈkæli/ ; Spanish : [ mexiˈkali ] ( listen ) ) is the capital city of the Mexican state of Baja California and seat of the Municipality of Mexicali . The City of Mexicali has a population of 689,775 , according to the 2010 census , while the population of the entire metropolitan area reaches 996,826 ; making the city and metropolitan area the second most populous in Baja California . The city maintains a highly educated and skilled population , as it has modernized and become an important population center in the desert region . Mexicali 's economy has been historically based on agricultural products , and they remain a large sector of the economy . However , its economy has gradually gone from being agricultural to include industry , mainly maquiladoras - duty-free factories in which parts from the United States are imported , assembled , and then returned to the United States as finished products . International companies including Honeywell , GKN Aerospace , Kellogg 's , Gulfstream , UTC Aerospace Systems , SunPower , Rockwell Collins , LG Electronics , National Oilwell Varco , Mitsubishi , Autolite , Nestlé , Coca-Cola , Robert Bosch , and Goodrich Corporation have built maquiladora plants in the city . Mexicali became the national center for the aerospace industry in Mexico when Rockwell Collins established an operation there in 1966 . Rockwell Collins is the oldest company under the maquiladora program nationwide . Founded on March 14 , 1903 , Mexicali is situated on the Mexico-United States border adjacent to its sister city Calexico , California , with which it forms a dual-state , international population center , Calexico-Mexicali ."}]}, {'value': 'Baseball park', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Águilas de Mexicali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Águilas_de_Mexicali', 'summary': "The Águilas de Mexicali ( Mexicali Eagles ) is a Mexican Pro baseball team that plays in the Liga Mexicana del Pacífico ( Mexican Pacific League ) and is based in Mexicali , Baja California , Mexico . The team was founded on October 14 , 1976 . They have won the championship four times , 1985-1986 ( coach , Benjamin Reyes ) , 1988-1989 ( coach , Dave Machemer ) , 1998-1999 ( coach , Francisco Estrada ) and 2016-17 ( coach , Roberto Vizcarra ) . The team also won the 1986 Caribbean Series , played in Venezuela . The team plays at Estadio B'Air also known as El Nido ( The Nest ) with a capacity of 19,500 ."}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Corona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Corona', 'summary': 'The Estadio TSM Corona is a stadium in Torreón , Coahuila , México , and the home stadium of Santos Laguna of Liga MX .'}]}, {'value': 'Torreón', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Torreón', 'summary': "Torreón ( Spanish pronunciation : [ toreˈon ] ( listen ) ) is a city and seat of Torreón Municipality in the Mexican state of Coahuila . As of 2015 , the city 's population was 679,288 . The Metropolitan population as of 2015 was 1,497,734 , making it the ninth-biggest metropolitan area in the country and the largest Metropolitan area in the state of Coahuila , as well as one of Mexico 's most important economic and industrial centers . The cities of Torreón , Gómez Palacio , Lerdo , Matamoros , Francisco I. Madero , San Pedro , Bermejillo , and Tlahualilo form the area of La Laguna or the Comarca Lagunera , a basin within the Chihuahuan Desert . The area was originally a center for ranching . With irrigation , the city became an important center for farming and the processing of cotton . In the middle of the 20th century , it became an industrial city . The city has industries in textiles , clothing and metals processing . Some important industries and companies have business here , like Peñoles , Motores John Deere , Grupo Lala , Yura Corporation , as well as stores like Soriana , Cimaco , and Extra . There are also several shopping malls in the city , including Galerias Laguna , Almanara , Plaza Cuatro Caminos and InterMall . Torreón is served by Francisco Sarabia International Airport , an airport with flights to several cities in Mexico and the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santos Laguna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santos_Laguna', 'summary': "Club Santos Laguna S.A. de C.V. ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈsantos laˈɣuna ] ) , commonly known as Santos Laguna or Santos , is a Mexican professional football club who were the champions of the Liga MX Clausura . Located in northern Mexico and representing the urban area of La Comarca Lagunera , made up of Torreón , Gómez Palacio and Lerdo Municipalities , Santos Laguna plays in Liga MX . Santos Laguna was founded in 1983 and reached Mexico 's top division after buying the Ángeles de Puebla club . The club debuted in Mexico 's top division in the 1988-89 tournament . They have won six tournaments : Invierno 1996 , Verano 2001 , Clausura 2008 , Clausura 2012 , Clausura 2015 , Clausura 2018 . The club reached the finals in the 1993-94 season , Verano 2000 , Bicentenario 2010 , Apertura 2010 and Apertura 2011 . Santos Laguna won the Apertura 2014 Copa MX . Santos is the third football club formed in the Laguna region , after the unsuccessful Laguna Football Club and Football Club Torreon ( which formed the Black Lions of the University Deportivo Guadalajara and Neza , respectively ) . In 2018 , the club celebrated its 35th anniversary with a change in their logo . In a February 17 , 2013 poll , by Consulta Mitofsky , it was the fifth-most-popular team in Mexico ."}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Cuauhtémoc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Cuauhtémoc', 'summary': 'Estadio Cuauhtémoc is a football stadium in the city of Puebla , Mexico . It is the home of Club Puebla . It is currently the fourth biggest football stadium in Mexico by capacity . The stadium has been the host of the 1970 FIFA World Cup and the 1986 FIFA World Cup . From November 2014 - 2015 , the stadium went through massive renovations . As of November 2015 , Cuauhtémoc Stadium is considered to be an innovation in textile design and sports architecture in Mexico , since it is the first and only stadium in Latin America to have a facade totally covered with ETFE .'}]}, {'value': 'Puebla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puebla_(city)', 'summary': "Puebla ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈpweβla ] ) known in Spanish as Puebla de Zaragoza , formally Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza and in colonial times as Puebla de los Ángeles , is the seat of Puebla Municipality , the capital and largest city of the state of Puebla , and the second largest in colonial Mexico and the richest Catholic diocese . A colonial era planned city , it is located in ( southern ) Central Mexico on the main route between the capital , Mexico City , and Mexico 's main Atlantic port , Veracruz - about 100 km east southeast of Mexico City and about 220 km west of Veracruz . The city was founded in 1531 in an area called Cuetlaxcoapan , which means where serpents change their skin , in between of two of the main indigenous settlements at the time , Tlaxcala and Cholula . This valley was not populated in the 16th century , as in the pre-Hispanic period this area was primarily used for the flower wars between a number of populations . [ failed verification ] Due to its history and architectural styles ranging from Renaissance to Mexican Baroque , the city was named a World Heritage Site in 1987 . The city is also famous for mole poblano , chiles en nogada and Talavera pottery . However , most of its economy is based on industry . Being both the fourth largest city in Mexico and the fourth largest Metropolitan area in Mexico , it has a current population of 3,250,000 people , and the city serves as one of the main hubs for eastern Central Mexico . Many students come from all over the country to study in its many renowned and prestigious universities , such as BUAP , UDLAP , Ibero , UPAEP and Tecnológico de Monterrey , among others . The city also excels because of its industry , with the world 's largest Volkswagen factory outside Germany located in the Municipality of Cuautlancingo and Audi plant in San José Chiapa being the most technologically advanced plant in the western hemisphere . As a result , many suppliers to Volkswagen and Audi assembly plants have opened factories in the metropolitan area of Puebla ."}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puebla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puebla_F.C.', 'summary': 'Club Puebla , formerly Puebla F.C . is a Mexican professional football club based in the city of Puebla , competing in the Liga MX . The team shirt features a diagonal stripe ( traditionally blue on white on the home kit , and a combination of different colors on the away kits ) that crosses the chest diagonally from right to left , which is considered a distinctive element of its identity . Since 1904 , the city of Puebla had an official football team . It started as club Puebla AC , founded by Englishmen . It was later incorporated into the Mexican football league during the amateur era . In the 1944-45 season , they won their first official tournament , the Copa Mexico ( nowadays known as Copa MX ) . They won that trophy again in the 1953-54 season . Their first league title came in the 1982-83 season after defeating Guadalajara on penalty kicks . The team won a third Copa Mexico on the 1987-88 season , and in the 1989-90 season , they won both their fourth Copa Mexico and their second league title after beating Universidad de Guadalajara . This feat ( winning both the league and the Copa Mexico championships ) earned the team the right to be counted among the Campeonísimos . In 1991 , they defeated Police from Trinidad and Tobago for their first CONCACAF championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Victoria', 'summary': 'Estadio Victoria is sports stadium in the Mexican city of Aguascalientes , Aguascalientes . The stadium opened in 2003 and has a capacity of 23,851 seats . Although the stadium is capable of multi-use , its main use is for soccer games . It is the home stadium of the Necaxa football club , which played in Mexico City at the Estadio Azteca before relocating to Aguascalientes and Estadio Victoria . The stadium is named after a leading brand of beer brewed by Grupo Modelo .'}]}, {'value': 'Aguascalientes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aguascalientes_City', 'summary': 'Aguascalientes ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˌaɣwaskaˈljentes ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of the state of Aguascalientes and is its most populous city , with a metropolitan population of 1,000,000 . It is located in North-Central Mexico . It is part of the macroregion of Bajío , which is among the safest and most prosperous regions in Mexico . It was part of the kingdom of Nueva Galicia . In 1835 Aguascalientes became the capital of the Free and Sovereign State of Aguascalientes . Aguascalientes has been called the cleanest city in Latin America . Aguascalientes is experiencing an ongoing social , economic , and aesthetic revitalization process . Aguascalientes has a population which includes Japanese , Koreans , and Germans . It stands on the banks of the Aguascalientes river , 1880 meters above sea level , at 21°51′N 102°18′W / 21.850°N 102.300°W / 21.850 ; -102.300 . It is the municipal seat for the Aguascalientes Municipality . The Aguascalientes metropolitan area includes the municipality of Jesús María and San Francisco de los Romo . It was a Chichimeca Indian territory .'}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Necaxa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_Necaxa', 'summary': 'Impulsora del Deportivo Necaxa S.A. de C.V. ( pronounced [ ne.ˈkak.sa ] ) ; often simply known as Club Necaxa , is a Mexican football club in Liga MX based in the city of Aguascalientes . It plays in the Estadio Victoria .'}]}, {'value': 'Foro Sol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foro_Sol', 'summary': "Foro Sol ( English : Sun Forum ) is a sports and concert venue built in 1993 inside the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in eastern Mexico City . It is located near the Mexico City International Airport and is operated by Grupo CIE . The venue was originally built for staging large music concerts . Initially called the Autódromo , it could accommodate up to 50,000 people . Since 2000 , it has been used as a baseball stadium as well , because the only other major baseball stadium in Mexico City ( Parque del Seguro Social , formerly Parque Delta ) was demolished to build a shopping mall ( the shopping mall is named Parque Delta and features a baseball theme ) . Foro Sol is the second largest concert venue in Mexico City ; the largest , Estadio Azteca , has a capacity of 105,064 . Its name comes from a popular beer brand of the Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma group . It was home to the Diablos Rojos del México , a Mexican Baseball League team , and hosted Pool B of the 2009 World Baseball Classic March 8-12 , 2009 . Madonna was the first world-class act to perform at the Foro Sol on 12 November 1993 , when it was called Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez for her first visit to Mexico in the Girlie Show tour on 10 , 12 and 13 November 1993 . Since 2015 for the Mexican Grand Prix and 2016 for the Mexico City ePrix , the venue has become part of the track and has turns within the venue . It also increased the Circuit capacity by 25,000 spectators . Fans and F1 Pilots alike praise the uniqueness of the venue and became a big part of Mexico 's success with its return to the F1 Calendar ."}]}, {'value': 'Mexico City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico_City', 'summary': "Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , American Spanish : [ sjuˈða ( ð ) ðe ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; abbreviated as CDMX , Nahuatl languages : Āltepētl Mēxihco ) , is one of the 32 states which make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico and the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America . It is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the world . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus in the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2,240 meters ( 7,350 ft ) . The city has 16 alcaldías , formerly known as boroughs . The 2009 population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1,485 square kilometers ( 573 sq mi ) . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the population of Greater Mexico City is 21.3 million , which makes it the second largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere , the eleventh-largest agglomeration ( 2017 ) , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $ 411 billion in 2011 , making Greater Mexico City one of the most productive urban areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico 's GDP , and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP . If it were an independent country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America , five times as large as Costa Rica and about the same size as Peru . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people , the other being Quito , Ecuador . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 , it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Baseball park', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diablos Rojos del México', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diablos_Rojos_del_México', 'summary': 'The Diablos Rojos del Mexico ( English : Mexico City Red Devils ) are a Triple-A Minor League Baseball team of the Mexican League based in Mexico City , Mexico . The team was founded in 1940 by Salvador Lutteroth and Ernesto Carmona . They have won sixteen league championships , including back-to-back championships three times , and several more division championships . The team has an affiliate , the Diablos de Hermosillo of the Liga Norte de Mexico . 20,233-capacity Estadio Alfredo Harp Helú is their home .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Present naming rights -- Mexico', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_sponsored_sports_stadiums_21', 'intro': 'The following is a list of sports venues with sole naming rights:'}	null	null	Who is the main occupant of the sports venue that hosted the 2009 Caribbean Series ?	Águilas de Mexicali
0a0cdf62d3800670	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palmair_destinations', 'title': 'List of Palmair destinations', 'header': ['City', 'Country', 'Airport'], 'data': [{'value': 'Alicante', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alicante', 'summary': 'Alicante ( /ˌælɪˈkænti/ , also UK : /-teɪ/ , Spanish : [ aliˈkante ] ; Valencian : Alacant [ alaˈkant ] ) [ a ] is a city located in Spain . It sits along the Costa Blanca , is the capital of the province of Alicante , and the comarca of Alacantí . It is also a historic Mediterranean port . The population of the city of Alicante proper was 330,525 , estimated as of 2016 [ update ] , ranking as the second-largest Valencian city . Including nearby municipalities , the Alicante conurbation had 452,462 residents . The population of the metropolitan area ( including Elche and satellite towns ) is 757,085 as of 2014 [ update ] estimates , ranking as the eighth-largest metropolitan area of Spain .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alicante Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alicante_Airport', 'summary': "Alicante-Elche Airport ( Spanish : Aeropuerto de Alicante-Elche ) ( Valencian : Aeroport d'Alacant-Elx ) ( IATA : ALC , ICAO : LEAL ) , originally named El Altet , is - as of 2019 - the fifth-busiest airport in Spain based on passenger numbers , and the main airport serving the Valencian Community and the Region of Murcia . The airport is located in the municipality of Elche , about 10 kilometres ( 6.2 miles ) east of this city and about 9 km ( 5.6 mi ) southwest of Alicante . Its influence area spans other cities in the Valencia province - the city of Valencia is located about 160 km ( 99 mi ) north of the airport - and in the Region of Murcia . The airport is located about 70 km ( 43 mi ) north of Murcia . The airport is a base for Air Nostrum , Jet2.com , Norwegian Air International , Ryanair and Vueling . Passenger traffic has increased significantly in the last decade , beating its own yearly record since 2013 to date ; in 2019 it set its new consecutive record at 15 million passengers . It is one of the 50 busiest in Europe . Up to 80% of all passenger flights are international . The largest numbers of passengers arrive from the United Kingdom , Germany , the Netherlands , Norway , Belgium and Sweden . Popular domestic destinations are Madrid , Palma de Mallorca and Barcelona ."}]}, {'value': 'Bournemouth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bournemouth', 'summary': "Bournemouth /ˈbɔːrnməθ/ ( listen ) is a coastal resort town on the south coast of England . At the 2011 census , the town had a population of 183,491 , making it the largest in the administrative county of Dorset . With Poole to the west and Christchurch in the east , Bournemouth is part of the South East Dorset conurbation , which has a population of 465,000 . Before it was founded in 1810 by Lewis Tregonwell , the area was a deserted heathland occasionally visited by fishermen and smugglers . Initially marketed as a health resort , the town received a boost when it appeared in Augustus Granville 's 1841 book , The Spas of England . Bournemouth 's growth accelerated with the arrival of the railway , and it became a town in 1870 . Historically part of Hampshire , it joined Dorset with the reorganisation of local government in 1974 . Through local government changes in 1997 , the town began to be administered by a unitary authority independent of Dorset County Council , although it remains part of that ceremonial county . Since April 2019 the unitary authority has been merged with that of Poole , as well as the non-metropolitan district of Christchurch to create the Bournemouth , Christchurch and Poole unitary authority . The town centre has notable Victorian architecture and the 202-foot ( 62 m ) spire of St Peter 's Church , one of three Grade I listed churches in the borough , is a local landmark . Bournemouth 's location has made it a popular destination for tourists , attracting over five million visitors annually with its beaches and popular nightlife . The town is also a regional centre of business , home of the Bournemouth International Centre or BIC , and a financial sector that is worth more than £1,000 million in gross value added ."}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bournemouth Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bournemouth_Airport', 'summary': "Bournemouth Airport ( IATA : BOH , ICAO : EGHH ) ( previously known as Hurn Airport and Bournemouth International Airport ) is an airport located 3.5 NM ( 6.5 km ; 4.0 mi ) north-northeast of Bournemouth , in southern England . The site opened as RAF Hurn in 1941 but was transferred to civil control in 1944 . For a short period Hurn served as Britain 's only international airport , until the opening of facilities at Heathrow . Commercial services resumed in the late 1950s , with Palmair commencing flights to Palma , Majorca in October 1958 . Subsequently , Ryanair and TUI Airways based aircraft at the airport , with scheduled flights now frequently serving Western Europe and the Mediterranean area , with charter and seasonal services serving North Africa , North America , and the Caribbean . Passenger numbers peaked in 2007 when just over one million passed through the airport . In 2016 the passenger total was around 670,000 . Ryanair and TUI Airways are the primary users of the airport , which was owned and operated by Manchester Airports Group ( MAG ) , the largest British airport operator until December 2017 , when Regional & City Airports ( RCA ) acquired Bournemouth Airport for an undisclosed amount ."}]}, {'value': 'Brescia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brescia', 'summary': "Brescia ( /ˈbrɛʃə/ , also US : /-ʃɑː , ˈbreɪ-/ , Italian : [ ˈbreʃːa ] ( listen ) ; Lombard : Brèsa [ ˈbrɛsɔ , -hɔ , -sa ] ; Latin : Brixia ; Venetian : Bressa ) is a city and comune in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy . It is situated at the foot of the Alps , a few kilometres from the lakes Garda and Iseo . With a population of more than 200,000 , it is the second largest city in the region and the fourth of northwest Italy . The urban area of Brescia extends beyond the administrative city limits and has a population of 672,822 , while over 1.5 million people live in its metropolitan area . The city is the administrative capital of the Province of Brescia , one of the largest in Italy , with over 1,200,000 inhabitants . Founded over 3,200 years ago , Brescia ( in antiquity Brixia ) has been an important regional centre since pre-Roman times . Its old town contains the best-preserved Roman public buildings in northern Italy and numerous monuments , among these the medieval castle , the Old and New cathedral , the Renaissance Piazza della Loggia and the rationalist Piazza della Vittoria . The monumental archaeological area of the Roman forum and the monastic complex of San Salvatore-Santa Giulia have become a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of a group of seven inscribed as Longobards in Italy , Places of Power . Brescia is considered to be an important industrial city . The metallurgy and the production of machine tools and firearms are of particular economic significance , along with mechanical and automotive engineering . The major companies based in the city are utility company A2A , steel producer Lucchini , firearms manufacturer Beretta , shotgun producer Perazzi , machine tools manufacturer Camozzi and gas equipment manufacturer Cavagna Group . Nicknamed Leonessa d'Italia ( The Lioness of Italy ) , Brescia is the home of Italian caviar , and is known for being the original production area of the Franciacorta sparkling wine as well as the prestigious Mille Miglia classic car race that starts and ends in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brescia Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brescia_Airport', 'summary': "Brescia Gabriele D'Annunzio Airport ( Italian : Aeroporto di Brescia , IATA : VBS , ICAO : LIPO ) , also known as Montichiari Airport , is located in Montichiari , southeast of City of Brescia , Italy . Other nearby airports are Milan-Malpensa , Milan-Linate , Bergamo Orio al Serio and Verona-Villafranca ."}]}, {'value': 'Corfu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corfu', 'summary': 'Corfu ( /kɔːrˈf ( j ) uː/ , also US : /ˈkɔːrf ( j ) uː/ ) or Kerkyra ( Greek : Κέρκυρα , romanized : Kérkyra , pronounced [ ˈcercira ] ( listen ) ; Ancient Greek : Κόρκυρα , romanized : Kórkyra , pronounced [ kórkyra ] ; Medieval Greek : Κορυφώ , romanized : Koryfó ; Latin : Corcyra ) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea . It is the second largest of the Ionian Islands , and , including its small satellite islands , forms the margin of the northwestern frontier of Greece . The island is part of the Corfu regional unit , and is administered by three municipalities with the islands of Othonoi , Ereikoussa and Mathraki . The principal city of the island ( pop . 32,095 ) is also named Corfu . Corfu is home to the Ionian University . The island is bound up with the history of Greece from the beginnings of Greek mythology . Its history is full of battles and conquests . Ancient Korkyra took part in the Battle of Sybota which was a catalyst for the Peloponnesian War , and , according to Thucydides , the largest naval battle between Greek city states until that time . Thucydides also reports that Korkyra was one of the three great naval powers of fifth century BC Greece , along with Athens and Corinth . Ruins of ancient Greek temples and other archaeological sites of the ancient city of Korkyra are found in Palaiopolis . Medieval castles punctuating strategic locations across the island are a legacy of struggles in the Middle Ages against invasions by pirates and the Ottomans .'}]}, {'value': 'Greece', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corfu International Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corfu_International_Airport', 'summary': 'Corfu International Airport Ioannis Kapodistrias ( Greek : Κρατικός Αερολιμένας Κέρκυρας Ιωάννης Καποδίστριας ) or Ioannis Kapodistrias ( Capodistrias ) International Airport ( IATA : CFU , ICAO : LGKR ) is a government-owned airport on the Greek island of Corfu at Kerkyra , serving both scheduled and charter flights from European cities . Air traffic peaks during the summer season , between April and October . The Ioannis Kapodistrias International Airport , named after Ioannis Kapodistrias , a distinguished Corfiot diplomat and the first governor of Greece , is located around 2 kilometres south of Corfu Town , half a kilometre north of Pontikonisi . The approach and landing , in a northeasterly direction , offer the flying passengers a spectacular aerial view of Pontikonisi and Vlaherna Monastery as well as the hills of Kanoni as the runway used for landing is actually a few hundred metres away from these landmarks .'}]}, {'value': 'Cork', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cork_(city)', 'summary': "Cork ( /kɔːrk/ ; Irish : Corcaigh , pronounced [ ˈkoɾkɪɟ ] , from corcach , meaning marsh ) is the second largest city in Ireland . Located in the south-west of Ireland , in the province of Munster , since an extension to the city 's boundary in 2019 , its population is c.210,000 . The city centre is an island positioned between two channels of the River Lee which meet downstream at the eastern end of the city centre , where the quays and docks along the river lead outwards towards Lough Mahon and Cork Harbour , one of the largest natural harbours in the world . Originally a monastic settlement , Cork was expanded by Viking invaders around 915 . Its charter was granted by Prince John in 1185 . Cork city was once fully walled , and the remnants of the old medieval town centre can be found around South and North Main streets . The third largest city by population on the island of Ireland , the city 's cognomen of the rebel city originates in its support for the Yorkist cause in the Wars of the Roses . Corkonians sometimes refer to the city as the real capital , a reference to its opposition to the Anglo-Irish Treaty in the Irish Civil War ."}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cork Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cork_Airport', 'summary': "Cork Airport ( Irish : Aerfort Chorcaí , IATA : ORK , ICAO : EICK ) is the second-largest of the three principal international airports in the Republic of Ireland , after Dublin and ahead of Shannon . It is located 6.5 km ( 4.0 mi ) south of Cork city centre in an area known as Farmers Cross . In 2018 , Cork Airport handled 2,392,821 passengers , a 3.7% annual increase . Cork is the state 's second-busiest airport in terms of passenger numbers , after Dublin , and fourth busiest on the island of Ireland , after Dublin , Belfast International and Belfast City ."}]}, {'value': 'Dublin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dublin', 'summary': "Dublin ( /ˈdʌblɪn/ , locally /ˈdʊb-/ ; Irish : Baile Átha Cliath [ ˈbˠalʲə aːhə ˈklʲiə ; ˌbʲlʲaː ˈklʲiə ] ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland . Situated on a bay on the east coast , at the mouth of the River Liffey , it lies within the province of Leinster . It is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains , a part of the Wicklow Mountains range . It has an urban area population of 1,173,179 , while the population of the Dublin Region ( formerly County Dublin ) as of 2016 [ update ] was 1,347,359 . The population of the Greater Dublin Area was 1,904,806 per the 2016 census . There is archaeological debate regarding precisely where Dublin was established by the Gaels in or before the 7th century AD . Later expanded as a Viking settlement , the Kingdom of Dublin , the city became Ireland 's principal settlement following the Norman invasion . The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest city in the British Empire before the Acts of Union in 1800 . Following the partition of Ireland in 1922 , Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State , later renamed Ireland . Dublin is a historical and contemporary centre for education , the arts , administration and industry . As of 2018 [ update ] the city was listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ( GaWC ) as a global city , with a ranking of Alpha − , which places it amongst the top thirty cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dublin Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dublin_Airport', 'summary': "Dublin Airport ( Irish : Aerfort Bhaile Átha Cliath ) ( IATA : DUB , ICAO : EIDW ) is an international airport serving Dublin , the capital city of Ireland . It is operated by DAA ( formerly Dublin Airport Authority ) . The airport is located 7 km ( 4.3 mi ) north of Dublin , in Collinstown , near Swords , Dublin . In 2019 , 32.9 million passengers passed through the airport , making it the airport 's busiest year on record . It is the 12th busiest airport in Europe , and is by far the busiest of Ireland 's airports by total passenger traffic ; it also has the greatest traffic levels on the island of Ireland , followed by Belfast International Airport . The airport has an extensive short and medium haul network , served by an array of carriers , as well as a significant long-haul network focused on North America , the Middle East and East Asia . It serves as the headquarters of Ireland 's flag carrier - Aer Lingus , regional airline Stobart Air , Europe 's largest low-cost carrier - Ryanair , and ASL Airlines Ireland , together with another two airlines , CityJet and Norwegian Air International . United States border preclearance services are available at the airport for U.S.-bound passengers . Shannon Airport is the only other airport in Europe to offer this facility ."}]}, {'value': 'Dubrovnik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dubrovnik', 'summary': "Dubrovnik ( Croatian : [ dǔbroːʋniːk ] ( listen ) ; historically Latin : Ragusa ) is a city on the Adriatic Sea in southern Croatia . It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranean Sea , a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva County . Its total population is 42,615 ( census 2011 ) . In 1979 , the city of Dubrovnik joined the UNESCO list of World Heritage sites . The prosperity of the city was historically based on maritime trade ; as the capital of the maritime Republic of Ragusa , it achieved a high level of development , particularly during the 15th and 16th centuries , as it became notable for its wealth and skilled diplomacy . In 1991 , after the break-up of Yugoslavia , Dubrovnik was besieged by Serbian and Montenegrin soldiers of the Yugoslav People 's Army ( JNA ) for seven months and suffered significant damage from shelling . After repair and restoration works in the 1990s and early 2000s , Dubrovnik re-emerged as one of the top tourist destinations in the Mediterranean ."}]}, {'value': 'Croatia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dubrovnik Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dubrovnik_Airport', 'summary': "Dubrovnik Airport ( Croatian : Zračna luka Dubrovnik ; IATA : DBV , ICAO : LDDU ) , also referred to as Čilipi Airport ( Croatian pronunciation : [ tʃǐlipi ] ) , is the international airport of Dubrovnik , Croatia . The airport is located approximately 15.5 km ( 9.5 mi ) from Dubrovnik city centre , near Čilipi . It was the third-busiest airport in Croatia in 2019 after Zagreb Airport and Split Airport in terms of passenger throughput . It also has the country 's longest runway , allowing it to accommodate heavy long-haul aircraft . The airport is a major destination for leisure flights during the European summer holiday season ."}]}, {'value': 'Exeter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Exeter', 'summary': "Exeter ( /ˈɛksɪtər/ ( listen ) ) is a cathedral city in Devon , England , with a population of 130,428 ( mid-2018 est. ) . The city is located on the River Exe approximately 36 miles ( 58 km ) northeast of Plymouth and 65 miles ( 105 km ) southwest of Bristol . It is the county town of Devon , and the base of Devon County Council . Also situated in Exeter are two campuses of the University of Exeter , Streatham Campus and St Luke 's Campus . In Roman Britain , Exeter was established as the base of Legio II Augusta under the personal command of Vespasian . Exeter became a religious centre during the Middle Ages and into the Tudor times : Exeter Cathedral , founded in the mid 11th century , became Anglican during the 16th-century English Reformation . During the late 19th century , Exeter became an affluent centre for the wool trade , although by the First World War the city was in decline . After the Second World War , much of the city centre was rebuilt and is now considered to be a centre for modern business and tourism in Devon and Cornwall . The administrative area of Exeter has the status of a non-metropolitan district under the administration of the County Council ; a plan to grant the city unitary authority status was scrapped under the 2010 coalition government ."}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Exeter International Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Exeter_International_Airport', 'summary': 'Exeter Airport ( IATA : EXT , ICAO : EGTE ) , formerly Exeter International Airport , is an international airport located at Clyst Honiton in East Devon , close to the city of Exeter and within the county of Devon , South West England . In 2007 , the airport handled over 1 million passengers for the first time , although passenger throughput subsequently declined , recovering to 931,000 passengers in 2018 . Exeter has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence ( Number P759 ) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction . The airport offers both scheduled and holiday charter flights within the United Kingdom and Europe .'}]}, {'value': 'Faro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faro,_Portugal', 'summary': 'Faro ( /ˈfɑːroʊ/ FAR-oh , Portuguese : [ ˈfaɾu ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality and bishopric , the southernmost city and seat of the district of the same name , in the Algarve region of southern Portugal . With a population of 118,000 inhabitants in 2011 ( with 64,000 inhabitants in the city proper , making it the biggest city in the Algarve and one of the biggest in Southern Portugal ) , the municipality covers an area of about 202.57 km2 ( 78.21 sq mi ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Portugal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Faro Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faro_Airport', 'summary': 'Faro Airport ( Portuguese : Aeroporto Internacional de Faro ) ( IATA : FAO , ICAO : LPFR ) , also known as Algarve Airport , is located 4 km ( 2.5 mi ) to the west of Faro in Portugal . The airport opened in July 1965 . A total of 6.4 million passengers used Faro airport in 2015 . The airport became a hub for the first time in March 2010 , when Ryanair decided to base seven of its aircraft there . It is very busy from March to October , to the extent that it becomes a slot coordinated airport .'}]}, {'value': 'Fuerteventura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fuerteventura', 'summary': 'Fuerteventura ( pronounced [ ˌfweɾteβenˈtuɾa ] ) is one of the Canary Islands , in the Atlantic Ocean and is part of the North Africa region , politically part of Spain . At 1,660 square kilometres ( 640 sq mi ) , it is the second largest of the Canary Islands , after Tenerife . As of 2018 , Fuerteventura has 113,275 inhabitants . It was declared a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in May 2009 . Its capital is Puerto del Rosario .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fuerteventura Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fuerteventura_Airport', 'summary': 'Fuerteventura Airport ( IATA : FUE , ICAO : GCFV ) , also known as El Matorral Airport , is an airport serving the Spanish island of Fuerteventura . It is situated in El Matorral , 5 km ( 3.1 mi ) southwest of the capital city Puerto del Rosario . The airport has flight connections to over 80 destinations worldwide , and over 5.6 million passengers passed through it in 2016 . The airport has one terminal building with two floors . The ground floor has two sections ; one section is for flight arrivals and the other for flight departures . The first floor has the departures lounge and 24 boarding gates . In total , the terminal covers over 92,000 m² and it has the capacity to handle 8.2 million passengers per year .'}]}, {'value': 'Funchal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Funchal', 'summary': "Funchal ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ fũˈʃal ] ( listen ) ) is the largest city , the municipal seat and the capital of Portugal 's Autonomous Region of Madeira , bordered by the Atlantic Ocean . The city has a population of 111,892 , making it the sixth largest city in Portugal , and has been the capital of Madeira for more than five centuries . Because of its high cultural and historical value , Funchal is one of Portugal 's main tourist attractions . It is also popular as a destination for New Year 's Eve , and it is the leading Portuguese port on cruise liner dockings . The name is from the Portuguese word funcho ( fennel ) and the suffix -al , to denote a plantation of fennel ."}]}, {'value': 'Portugal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madeira Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madeira_Airport', 'summary': "Cristiano Ronaldo Madeira International Airport , commonly known as Madeira Airport ( Portuguese : Aeroporto da Madeira ) or Funchal Airport ( Aeroporto do Funchal ) ( IATA : FNC , ICAO : LPMA ) , is an international airport in the civil parish of Santa Cruz in the Portuguese archipelago and autonomous region of Madeira . The airport is located 13.2 km ( 8.2 mi ) east-northeast of the regional capital , Funchal , after which it is sometimes informally named . It mostly hosts flights to European metropolitan destinations due to Madeira 's importance as a leisure destination , and is pivotal in the movement of cargo in and out of the archipelago of Madeira . It is the fourth-busiest airport in Portugal . The airport is named after Madeiran football player Cristiano Ronaldo . The airport is considered one of the most peculiarly perilous airports in the world due to its location and its spectacular runway construction . It received the Outstanding Structure Award in 2004 by the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering . The History Channel program Most Extreme Airports ranked it as the ninth most dangerous airport in the world and the third most dangerous in Europe . Pilots must undergo additional training to land at the airport ."}]}, {'value': 'Jersey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jersey', 'summary': 'Jersey ( /ˈdʒɜːrzi/ JUR-zee , French : [ ʒɛʁzɛ ] ( listen ) ; Jèrriais : Jèrri [ dʒɛri ] ) , officially the Bailiwick of Jersey ( French : Bailliage de Jersey ; Jèrriais : Bailliage dé Jèrri ) , is a British Crown dependency located near the coast of Normandy , France . It is the second-closest of the Channel Islands to France , after Alderney . Jersey was part of the Duchy of Normandy , whose dukes went on to become kings of England from 1066 . After Normandy was lost by the kings of England in the 13th century , and the ducal title surrendered to France , Jersey and the other Channel Islands remained attached to the English crown . The bailiwick consists of the island of Jersey , the largest of the Channel Islands , along with surrounding uninhabited islands and rocks collectively named Les Dirouilles , Les Écréhous , Les Minquiers , Les Pierres de Lecq , and other reefs . Although the bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey are often referred to collectively as the Channel Islands , the Channel Islands are not a constitutional or political unit . Jersey has a separate relationship to the Crown from the other Crown dependencies of Guernsey and the Isle of Man , although all are held by the monarch of the United Kingdom . Jersey is a self-governing parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy , with its own financial , legal and judicial systems , and the power of self-determination . The Lieutenant Governor on the island is the personal representative of the Queen . Jersey is not part of the United Kingdom , and has an international identity separate from that of the UK , but the UK is constitutionally responsible for the defence of Jersey . The definition of United Kingdom in the British Nationality Act 1981 is interpreted as including the UK and the Islands together.The European Commission confirmed in a written reply to the European Parliament in 2003 that Jersey was within the Union as a European Territory for whose external relationships the UK is responsible . Jersey was not fully part of the European Union but had a special relationship with it , notably being treated as within the European Community for the purposes of free trade in goods .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jersey Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jersey_Airport', 'summary': 'Jersey Airport ( IATA : JER , ICAO : EGJJ ) is an international airport located in the parish of Saint Peter , 4 NM ( 7.4 km ; 4.6 mi ) west northwest of Saint Helier in Jersey , in the Channel Islands .'}]}, {'value': 'Lanzarote', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lanzarote', 'summary': "Lanzarote ( UK : /ˌlænzəˈrɒti/ , Spanish : [ lanθaˈɾote ] , locally [ lansaˈɾote ] ) is a Spanish island , the northernmost and easternmost of the autonomous Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean . It is located approximately 125 kilometres ( 78 miles ) off the north coast of Africa and 1,000 kilometres ( 621 miles ) from the Iberian Peninsula . Covering 845.94 square kilometres ( 326.62 square miles ) , Lanzarote is the fourth-largest of the islands in the archipelago . With 149183 inhabitants , it is the third most populous Canary Island , after Tenerife and Gran Canaria . Located in the centre-west of the island is Timanfaya National Park , one of its main attractions . The island was declared a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 1993 . The island 's capital is Arrecife . The first recorded name for the island , given by Italian-Majorcan cartographer Angelino Dulcert , was Insula de Lanzarotus Marocelus , after the Genoese navigator Lancelotto Malocello , from which the modern name is derived . The island 's name in the native language was Tyterogaka or Tytheroygaka , which may mean one that is all ochre ( referring to the island 's predominant colour ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lanzarote Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lanzarote_Airport', 'summary': "César Manrique-Lanzarote Airport ( IATA : ACE , ICAO : GCRR ) ( Spanish : Aeropuerto de César Manrique-Lanzarote ) , commonly known as Lanzarote Airport and also known as Arrecife Airport , is the airport serving the island of Lanzarote in the Canary Islands . The airport is located in San Bartolomé , Las Palmas , 5 kilometres ( 3.1 mi ) southwest of the island 's capital , Arrecife . It handles flights to many European airports , with hundreds of thousands of tourists each year , as well as internal flights to other Spanish airports . It handled 7,327,019 passengers in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Luqa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luqa', 'summary': 'Luqa ( Maltese : Ħal Luqa , [ ˈħal luːʔa ] , meaning poplar ) is a town located in the Southern Region of Malta , 4.3 km from the capital of Malta Valletta , near the Malta International Airport . It is an old town that has a dense population , typical of the Maltese Islands . The population of Luqa is 5,945 as of March 2014 . There is a church in its main square dedicated to St. Andrew . The traditional feast of St. Andrew is celebrated on the first Sunday of July , with the liturgical feast being celebrated on the November 30 . The famous clock maker and inventor Michelangelo Sapiano ( 1826-1912 ) used to live in Ħal Luqa . He constructed various kinds of clocks , the clock in the belfry of the Parish Church being one of his many works . The house in Ħal Luqa where he used to live is located on Pawlu Magri Street .'}]}, {'value': 'Malta', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malta International Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malta_International_Airport', 'summary': "Malta International Airport ( Maltese : Ajruport Internazzjonali ta ' Malta , IATA : MLA , ICAO : LMML ) is the only airport in Malta and it serves the whole of the Maltese Islands . It is located on island of Malta , southwest of the Maltese capital Valletta in the town of Gudja , and occupies the location of the former RAF Luqa . The airport serves as the main hub for Air Malta and Medavia besides being a base for Ryanair and its subsidiary Malta Air . It is also home to the Area Control Center and hosted the annual Malta Airshow until 2017 . The airport is operated by Malta International Airport plc ."}]}, {'value': 'Málaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Málaga', 'summary': "Málaga ( /ˈmæləɡə/ , Spanish : [ ˈmalaɣa ] ) is a municipality of Spain , capital of the Province of Málaga , in the autonomous community of Andalusia . With a population of 571,026 in 2018 , it is the second-most populous city of Andalusia after Seville and the sixth most populous in Spain . It lies on the Costa del Sol ( Coast of the Sun ) of the Mediterranean , about 100 kilometres ( 62.14 miles ) east of the Strait of Gibraltar and about 130 km ( 80.78 mi ) north of Africa . Málaga 's history spans about 2,800 years , making it one of the oldest cities in Europe and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world . According to most scholars , it was founded about 770 BC by the Phoenicians as Malaka ( Punic : 𐤌𐤋𐤊𐤀 , MLKʾ ) . From the 6th century BC the city was under the hegemony of Ancient Carthage , and from 218 BC , it was ruled by the Roman Republic and then empire as Malaca ( Latin ) . After the fall of the empire and the end of Visigothic rule , it was under Islamic rule as Mālaqah ( Arabic : مالقة ) for 800 years , but in 1487 , the Crown of Castille gained control in the midst of the Granada War . The archaeological remains and monuments from the Phoenician , Roman , Arabic and Christian eras make the historic center of the city an open museum , displaying its history of nearly 3,000 years . The painter and sculptor Pablo Picasso , Hebrew poet and Jewish philosopher Solomon Ibn Gabirol and the actor Antonio Banderas were born in Málaga . The magnum opus of Cuban composer Ernesto Lecuona , Malagueña , is named after the music of this region of Spain . The most important business sectors in Málaga are tourism , construction and technology services , but other sectors such as transportation and logistics are beginning to expand . The Andalusia Technology Park ( PTA ) , located in Málaga , has enjoyed significant growth since its inauguration in 1992 ."}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Málaga Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Málaga_Airport', 'summary': "Málaga Airport ( IATA : AGP , ICAO : LEMG ) , officially Málaga-Costa del Sol Airport ( Spanish : Aeropuerto de Málaga-Costa del Sol ) since June 2011 , is the fourth busiest airport in Spain after Madrid-Barajas , Barcelona and Palma de Mallorca . It is an important airport for Spanish tourism as it is the main international airport serving the Costa del Sol . It is 8 km ( 5.0 mi ) southwest of Málaga and 5 km ( 3.1 mi ) north of Torremolinos . The airport has flight connections to over 60 countries worldwide , and over 14.4 million passengers passed through it in 2015 . In 2017 , 18.6 million passengers passed through Málaga Airport . The airport operates with three terminals . The third terminal adjacent to the previous two opened on 15 March 2010 , and flight operations started on 16 March 2010 . A second runway opened at the airport on 26 June 2012 . Málaga Airport is the busiest international airport of Andalucía , accounting for 85 per cent of the region 's non-domestic traffic . It offers a wide variety of international destinations . The airport , connected to the Costa del Sol , has a daily link with twenty cities in Spain and over one hundred cities in Europe . Direct flights also operate to Africa , the Middle East and also to North America in the summer season ."}]}, {'value': 'Menorca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Menorca', 'summary': "Menorca ( Catalan : [ məˈnɔɾkə ] , Spanish : [ meˈnoɾka ] ) or Minorca ( English : /mɪˈnɔːrkə/ min-OR-kə ; from Latin : Insula Minor , lit . 'smaller island ' , later Minorica ) is one of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to Spain . Its name derives from its size , contrasting it with nearby Majorca . Menorca has a population of approximately 93,397 ( at 1 January 2019 ) . It is located 39°47 ' to 40°00 ' N , 3°52 ' to 4°24 ' E . Its highest point , called El Toro or Monte Toro , is 358 metres ( 1,175 feet ) above sea level ."}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Menorca Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Menorca_Airport', 'summary': 'Menorca Airport ( IATA : MAH , ICAO : LEMH ; Catalan : Aeroport de Menorca , Spanish : Aeropuerto de Menorca ) is the airport serving the Balearic island of Menorca in the Mediterranean Sea , near the coast of Spain . The airport is located 4.5 km ( 2.8 mi ) southwest of Mahón after which it is sometimes informally also named .'}]}, {'value': 'Milan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Milan', 'summary': "Milan ( /mɪˈlæn/ , US also /mɪˈlɑːn/ , Italian : Milano [ miˈlaːno ] ( listen ) , Milanese : [ miˈlãː ] ( listen ) ) is a city in northern Italy , capital of Lombardy , and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome . Milan served as the capital of the Western Roman Empire , the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia . The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million while its metropolitan city has 3.23 million inhabitants . Its continuously built-up urban area , that stretches well beyond the boundaries of its administrative metropolitan city , is the fourth largest in the EU with 5.27 million inhabitants . The population within the wider Milan metropolitan area , also known as Greater Milan , is estimated at 8.2 million , making it by far the largest metropolitan area in Italy and the 4th largest in the EU . Milan is considered a leading alpha global city , with strengths in the field of the art , commerce , design , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , services , research and tourism . Its business district hosts Italy 's stock exchange ( Italian : Borsa Italiana ) , and the headquarters of national and international banks and companies . In terms of GDP , it has the second-largest economy among EU cities after Paris , and is the wealthiest among EU non-capital cities . Milan is considered part of the Blue Banana and one of the Four Motors for Europe . The city has been recognized as one of the world 's four fashion capitals thanks to several international events and fairs , including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair , which are currently among the world 's biggest in terms of revenue , visitors and growth . It hosted the Universal Exposition in 1906 and 2015 . The city hosts numerous cultural institutions , academies and universities , with 11% of the national total enrolled students ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malpensa Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malpensa_Airport', 'summary': 'Milan Malpensa Airport ( IATA : MXP , ICAO : LIMC ) is the largest international airport in the Milan metropolitan area in northern Italy . It serves 15 million inhabitants in Lombardy , Piedmont and Liguria , as well as those living in the Swiss Canton of Ticino . The airport is located 49 kilometres ( 30 mi ) northwest of central Milan , next to the Ticino river ( dividing Lombardy and Piedmont ) . The airport has two terminals ( Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 ) and two runways as well as a dedicated cargo terminal . In 2019 , Malpensa Airport handled 28,846,299 passengers and was the 20th busiest airport in Europe in terms of passengers and 2nd busiest airport in Italy in terms of passengers . Until 2008 , Malpensa Airport was a major hub for flag carrier Alitalia . Malpensa Airport remains the second-busiest Italian airport for international passenger traffic ( after Rome Fiumicino Airport ) , and the busiest for freight and cargo , handling over 500,000 tons of international freight annually . The first industrial airport was opened in 1909 near the Cascina Malpensa , an old farm , by Giovanni Agusta and Gianni Caproni to test their aircraft prototypes . This airport was then opened for civil operation in 1948 during the war reconstruction period , in order to serve the northern area of Milan .'}]}, {'value': 'Monastir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monastir,_Tunisia', 'summary': "Monastir , also called Mistīr ( Arabic : منستير Monastīr / Mistīr , from the Greek μοναστήριον hermit 's cell , monastery ) , is a city on the central coast of Tunisia , in the Sahel area , some 20 kilometres ( 12 miles ) south of Sousse and 162 kilometres ( 101 miles ) south of Tunis . Traditionally a fishing port , Monastir is now a major tourist resort . Its population is about 93,306 . It is the capital of Monastir Governorate ."}]}, {'value': 'Tunisia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Habib Bourguiba International Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monastir_–_Habib_Bourguiba_International_Airport', 'summary': 'Monastir Habib Bourguiba International Airport ( French : Aéroport International de Monastir-Habib Bourguiba , AIMHB , Arabic : مطار الحبيب بورقيبة الدولي ) ( IATA : MIR , ICAO : DTMB ) is an airport serving Monastir and Sousse areas in Tunisia . The Tunisian Civil Aviation and Airports Authority ( OACA ) awarded the management of the airport to TAV Airports Holding in March 2007 . The airport is named after the former president Habib Bourguiba , who was born in Monastir .'}]}, {'value': 'Naples', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naples', 'summary': "Naples ( /ˈneɪpəlz/ ; Italian : Napoli [ ˈnaːpoli ] ( listen ) ; Neapolitan : Napule [ ˈnɑːpələ , ˈnɑːpulə ] ; Ancient Greek : Νεάπολις , romanized : Neápolis ) [ a ] is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy after Rome and Milan . In 2017 , around 967,069 people lived within the city 's administrative limits while its province-level municipality has a population of 3,115,320 residents . Its continuously built-up metropolitan area ( that stretches beyond the boundaries of the Metropolitan City of Naples ) is the second or third largest metropolitan area in Italy and one of the most densely populated cities in Europe . First settled by Greeks in the second millennium BC , Naples is one of the oldest continuously inhabited urban areas in the world . In the ninth century BC , a colony known as Parthenope or Παρθενόπη was established on the Island of Megaride , later refounded as Neápolis in the sixth century BC . The city was an important part of Magna Graecia , played a major role in the merging of Greek and Roman society and a significant cultural centre under the Romans . It served as the capital of the Duchy of Naples ( 661-1139 ) , then of the Kingdom of Naples ( 1282-1816 ) and finally of the Two Sicilies until the unification of Italy in 1861 . Naples is also considered a capital of the Baroque since the arrival of Caravaggio in the 17th century , and due to the artistic revolution his arrival occasioned . Between 1925 and 1936 , Naples was expanded and upgraded by Benito Mussolini 's government but subsequently sustained severe damage from Allied bombing during World War II , which led to extensive post-1945 reconstruction work . Naples has experienced significant economic growth in recent decades , helped by the construction of the Centro Direzionale business district and an advanced transportation network , which includes the Alta Velocità high-speed rail link to Rome and Salerno and an expanded subway network . Naples is the third-largest urban economy in Italy , after Milan and Rome . The Port of Naples is one of the most important in Europe and home of the Allied Joint Force Command Naples , the NATO body that oversees North Africa , the Sahel and Middle East ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naples Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naples_Airport', 'summary': 'Naples International Airport ( IATA : NAP , ICAO : LIRN ) ( Italian : Aeroporto Internazionale di Napoli ) is the international airport serving Naples and the Southern Italian region of Campania . According to 2019 data , the airport is the fifth-busiest airport in Italy and the first one in Southern Italy . The airport serves as a base for easyJet , Ryanair and Volotea . Located 3.2 NM ( 5.9 km ; 3.7 mi ) north-northeast of the city in the Capodichino district of Naples , the airport is officially named Aeroporto di Napoli-Capodichino Ugo Niutta , after decorated WWI pilot Ugo Niutta .'}]}, {'value': 'Palma de Mallorca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca', 'summary': 'Palma , fully known as Palma de Mallorca ( /ˈpɑːlmə/ or /ˈpɑːmə/ , Catalan : [ ˈpalmə ] , Spanish : [ ˈpalma ] ) , is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain . It is situated on the south coast of Mallorca on the Bay of Palma . The Cabrera Archipelago , though widely separated from Palma proper , is administratively considered part of the municipality . As of 2018 [ update ] , Palma Airport serves over 29 million passengers per year .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Palma de Mallorca Airport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca_Airport', 'summary': "Palma de Mallorca Airport ( Catalan : Aeroport de Palma de Mallorca , Spanish : Aeropuerto de Palma de Mallorca ; IATA : PMI , ICAO : LEPA ; also known as Son Sant Joan Airport or Aeroport de Son Sant Joan ) is an international airport located 8 km ( 5.0 mi ) east of Palma , Mallorca , Spain , adjacent to the village of Can Pastilla . The airport on the Balearic Islands is Spain 's third largest airport after Madrid-Barajas and Barcelona-El Prat . Palma de Mallorca was used by 29.7 million passengers in 2019 . The airport is the main base for the Spanish carrier Air Europa and also a focus airport for Ryanair , EasyJet , Vueling and Jet2.com . The airport shares runways with the nearby Son Sant Joan Air Force Base , operated by the Spanish Air Force ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'British air charter tour company Palmair served the following destinations at the time of its demise : [ 1 ] [ Base ] Base † Terminated prior', 'uid': 'Palmair_destinations_0', 'intro': 'British air charter tour company Palmair served the following destinations at the time of its demise:'}	null	null	Who manages the airport in Tunisia ?	TAV Airports Holding
0a0cfba3231ecea5	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_Public_Radio', 'title': 'Iowa Public Radio', 'header': ['Location', 'Frequency', 'Call sign', 'Format', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Ames / Des Moines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ames,_Iowa', 'summary': "Ames ( /eɪmz/ ) is a city in Story County , Iowa , United States approximately 30 miles ( 48 km ) north of Des Moines in central Iowa . It is best known as the home of Iowa State University ( ISU ) , with leading Agriculture , Design , Engineering , and Veterinary Medicine colleges . A United States Department of Energy national laboratory , Ames Laboratory , is located on the ISU campus . In 2017 , Ames had a population of 66,498 . Iowa State University is home to 36,321 students ( Fall 2017 ) , which make up approximately one half of the city 's population . Ames also hosts United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA ) sites : the largest federal animal disease center in the United States , USDA 's Agricultural Research Service 's National Animal Disease Center ( NADC ) . , as well as , one of two national USDA sites for the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service ( APHIS ) , which comprises the National Veterinary Services Laboratory and the Center for Veterinary Biologics . Ames has the headquarters for the Iowa Department of Transportation . In 2010 , Ames was ranked ninth on CNNMoney 's Best Places to Live list ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa', 'summary': "Des Moines ( /dɪˈmɔɪn/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Iowa . It is also the county seat of Polk County . A small part of the city extends into Warren County . It was incorporated on September 22 , 1851 , as Fort Des Moines , which was shortened to Des Moines in 1857 . It is on and named after the Des Moines River , which likely was adapted from the early French name , Rivière des Moines , meaning River of the Monks . The city 's population was 216,853 as of the 2018 population estimate . The five-county metropolitan area is ranked 89th in terms of population in the United States with 655,409 residents according to the 2018 estimate by the United States Census Bureau , and is the largest metropolitan area fully located within the state . A portion of the larger Omaha , Nebraska , metropolitan area extends into three counties of southwest Iowa . Des Moines is a major center of the US insurance industry and has a sizable financial services and publishing business base . The city was credited as the number one spot for U.S. insurance companies in a Business Wire article and named the third-largest insurance capital of the world . The city is the headquarters for the Principal Financial Group , the Meredith Corporation , Ruan Transportation , TMC Transportation , EMC Insurance Companies , and Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield . Other major corporations such as Wells Fargo , Voya Financial , Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company , ACE Limited , Marsh , Monsanto , and DuPont Pioneer have large operations in or near the metropolitan area ."}]}, {'value': '640 AM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WOI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WOI_(AM)', 'summary': "WOI ( 640 AM ) - branded Iowa Public Radio - is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to serve Ames , Iowa . Owned by Iowa State University , the station covers the Des Moines metropolitan area . Broadcasting a mix of public radio and talk radio , WOI is the flagship station for Iowa Public Radio 's News Network and the market member station for NPR , Public Radio International , and the BBC World Service . The WOI studios are located at Iowa State University 's Communications Building , while the station transmitter resides southwest of Ames . Besides a standard analog transmission , WOI broadcasts a digital signal utilizing the HD in-band on-channel standard , is relayed over low-power Ames FM translator K234CN ( 104.7 FM ) and is available online . Historically , WOI is among one of the oldest radio stations in the United States , and one of the oldest surviving stations in North America , having begun experimental transmissions in 1911 ."}]}, {'value': 'News', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by Iowa State University', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ames / Des Moines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ames,_Iowa', 'summary': "Ames ( /eɪmz/ ) is a city in Story County , Iowa , United States approximately 30 miles ( 48 km ) north of Des Moines in central Iowa . It is best known as the home of Iowa State University ( ISU ) , with leading Agriculture , Design , Engineering , and Veterinary Medicine colleges . A United States Department of Energy national laboratory , Ames Laboratory , is located on the ISU campus . In 2017 , Ames had a population of 66,498 . Iowa State University is home to 36,321 students ( Fall 2017 ) , which make up approximately one half of the city 's population . Ames also hosts United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA ) sites : the largest federal animal disease center in the United States , USDA 's Agricultural Research Service 's National Animal Disease Center ( NADC ) . , as well as , one of two national USDA sites for the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service ( APHIS ) , which comprises the National Veterinary Services Laboratory and the Center for Veterinary Biologics . Ames has the headquarters for the Iowa Department of Transportation . In 2010 , Ames was ranked ninth on CNNMoney 's Best Places to Live list ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa', 'summary': "Des Moines ( /dɪˈmɔɪn/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Iowa . It is also the county seat of Polk County . A small part of the city extends into Warren County . It was incorporated on September 22 , 1851 , as Fort Des Moines , which was shortened to Des Moines in 1857 . It is on and named after the Des Moines River , which likely was adapted from the early French name , Rivière des Moines , meaning River of the Monks . The city 's population was 216,853 as of the 2018 population estimate . The five-county metropolitan area is ranked 89th in terms of population in the United States with 655,409 residents according to the 2018 estimate by the United States Census Bureau , and is the largest metropolitan area fully located within the state . A portion of the larger Omaha , Nebraska , metropolitan area extends into three counties of southwest Iowa . Des Moines is a major center of the US insurance industry and has a sizable financial services and publishing business base . The city was credited as the number one spot for U.S. insurance companies in a Business Wire article and named the third-largest insurance capital of the world . The city is the headquarters for the Principal Financial Group , the Meredith Corporation , Ruan Transportation , TMC Transportation , EMC Insurance Companies , and Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield . Other major corporations such as Wells Fargo , Voya Financial , Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company , ACE Limited , Marsh , Monsanto , and DuPont Pioneer have large operations in or near the metropolitan area ."}]}, {'value': '90.1 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WOI-FM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WOI-FM', 'summary': "WOI-FM ( 90.1 FM ) is a radio station licensed to Ames , serving the greater Ames/Des Moines area . The station is owned by Iowa State University . WOI-FM is an affiliate of Iowa Public Radio , and carries IPR 's News and Studio One service - a mix of National Public Radio news programming and adult alternative music . WOI-FM first hit the airwaves on December 1 , 1949 . It was originally a full-time simulcast of WOI-AM . The two stations went their separate ways in the 1960s . Until the formation of Iowa Public Radio in 2004 , WOI-FM was the flagship station for a mini-network of FM stations in central Iowa , including KWOI in Carroll and KTPR in Fort Dodge . For most of the time since the formation of NPR , WOI-FM aired a mix of classical music and NPR news and talk programming , simulcasting many programs with its AM sister . Shortly after midnight on September 10 , 2012 , IPR switched WOI-FM 's format to the News and Studio One service . The classical service moved to WOI-FM 's second digital subcarrier . For those without HD Radio , classical music continues to be heard in portions of central Iowa on five full-power stations that between them cover most of the region ."}]}, {'value': 'News & Studio One', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by Iowa State University', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carroll', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carroll,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Carroll is a city in and the county seat of Carroll County , Iowa , United States , along the Middle Raccoon River . The population was 10,103 in the 2010 census , down three people from the 10,106 population in the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': '90.7 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KNSC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KNSC', 'summary': "KNSC ( 90.7 FM ) is a radio station licensed to Carroll , Iowa . The station is owned by Iowa State University . KNSC is an affiliate of Iowa Public Radio , and carries the network 's News and Studio One service ."}]}, {'value': 'News & Studio One', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by Iowa State University', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cedar Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cedar_Falls,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Cedar Falls is a city in Black Hawk County , Iowa , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 39,260 . It is home to the University of Northern Iowa , a public university .'}]}, {'value': '89.5 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KHKE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KHKE', 'summary': 'KHKE is a radio station owned and operated by the University of Northern Iowa in Cedar Falls , Iowa , United States , which broadcasts on 89.5 MHz . It is a classical station , sharing broadcast facilities with KUNI . It is now a part of Iowa Public Radio , operating with the other two public radio station clusters at the University of Iowa and Iowa State University .'}]}, {'value': 'Classical', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by University of Northern Iowa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cedar Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cedar_Falls,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Cedar Falls is a city in Black Hawk County , Iowa , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 39,260 . It is home to the University of Northern Iowa , a public university .'}]}, {'value': '90.9 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KUNI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KUNI_(FM)', 'summary': "KUNI ( 90.9 MHz ) is a radio station owned and operated by the University of Northern Iowa in Cedar Falls . It is one of two NPR outlets for Eastern Iowa ; the other being WSUI in Iowa City . KUNI 's transmitter is in Walker , Iowa , with its primary signal covering Cedar Falls , Waterloo , Cedar Rapids and Iowa City . KUNI 's programming is simulcast on full-power satellites KUNY 91.5 FM and KRNI 1010 AM in Mason City . KUNI also has three low-power FM translators : K233AA ( 94.5 FM ) in Davenport , K237GD ( 95.3 FM ) in Iowa City , and K274AA ( 102.1 FM ) in Eldridge . Programming is mostly NPR news and talk , with some KUNI produced music programs in the evenings and on weekends . It is now a part of Iowa Public Radio , operating with the other two public radio station clusters at the University of Iowa and Iowa State University . It is the flagship of IPR 's News and Studio One service , which combines NPR news and talk programming with an extension of the Live from Studio One AAA program that aired on KUNI for years before the creation of IPR . Announcer Bob Dorr had been involved with the station since 1972 , producing programs of classic rock and roll recordings and live concerts featuring Iowa talent . He is also a harmonica player and heads the blues band , The Blue Band ; which was inducted into the Iowa Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2007 . Dorr retired from full-time broadcasting in 2009 but plans to produce occasional shows in the future ."}]}, {'value': 'News & Studio One', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by University of Northern Iowa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Des Moines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa', 'summary': "Des Moines ( /dɪˈmɔɪn/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Iowa . It is also the county seat of Polk County . A small part of the city extends into Warren County . It was incorporated on September 22 , 1851 , as Fort Des Moines , which was shortened to Des Moines in 1857 . It is on and named after the Des Moines River , which likely was adapted from the early French name , Rivière des Moines , meaning River of the Monks . The city 's population was 216,853 as of the 2018 population estimate . The five-county metropolitan area is ranked 89th in terms of population in the United States with 655,409 residents according to the 2018 estimate by the United States Census Bureau , and is the largest metropolitan area fully located within the state . A portion of the larger Omaha , Nebraska , metropolitan area extends into three counties of southwest Iowa . Des Moines is a major center of the US insurance industry and has a sizable financial services and publishing business base . The city was credited as the number one spot for U.S. insurance companies in a Business Wire article and named the third-largest insurance capital of the world . The city is the headquarters for the Principal Financial Group , the Meredith Corporation , Ruan Transportation , TMC Transportation , EMC Insurance Companies , and Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield . Other major corporations such as Wells Fargo , Voya Financial , Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company , ACE Limited , Marsh , Monsanto , and DuPont Pioneer have large operations in or near the metropolitan area ."}]}, {'value': '97.7 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K249EJ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KICJ', 'summary': "KICJ ( 88.9 FM ) is a radio station licensed to Mitchellville , Iowa , serving the Des Moines area . The station is owned by the University of Northern Iowa . KICJ is an affiliate of Iowa Public Radio , and carries the network 's classical service ."}]}, {'value': 'Classical', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by University of Northern Iowa , Translator of KICJ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Des Moines ( Mitchellville )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa', 'summary': "Des Moines ( /dɪˈmɔɪn/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Iowa . It is also the county seat of Polk County . A small part of the city extends into Warren County . It was incorporated on September 22 , 1851 , as Fort Des Moines , which was shortened to Des Moines in 1857 . It is on and named after the Des Moines River , which likely was adapted from the early French name , Rivière des Moines , meaning River of the Monks . The city 's population was 216,853 as of the 2018 population estimate . The five-county metropolitan area is ranked 89th in terms of population in the United States with 655,409 residents according to the 2018 estimate by the United States Census Bureau , and is the largest metropolitan area fully located within the state . A portion of the larger Omaha , Nebraska , metropolitan area extends into three counties of southwest Iowa . Des Moines is a major center of the US insurance industry and has a sizable financial services and publishing business base . The city was credited as the number one spot for U.S. insurance companies in a Business Wire article and named the third-largest insurance capital of the world . The city is the headquarters for the Principal Financial Group , the Meredith Corporation , Ruan Transportation , TMC Transportation , EMC Insurance Companies , and Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield . Other major corporations such as Wells Fargo , Voya Financial , Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company , ACE Limited , Marsh , Monsanto , and DuPont Pioneer have large operations in or near the metropolitan area ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mitchellville,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Mitchellville is a city in Polk County and is partly in Jasper County in the U.S. state of Iowa . The population was 2,254 at the 2010 census . The Polk County portion of Mitchellville is part of the Des Moines-West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area , while the much smaller Jasper County portion is part of the Newton Micropolitan Statistical Area . The Iowa Correctional Institution for Women is located in Mitchellville .'}]}, {'value': '88.9 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KICJ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KICJ', 'summary': "KICJ ( 88.9 FM ) is a radio station licensed to Mitchellville , Iowa , serving the Des Moines area . The station is owned by the University of Northern Iowa . KICJ is an affiliate of Iowa Public Radio , and carries the network 's classical service ."}]}, {'value': 'Classical', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by University of Northern Iowa . Serves eastern Des Moines metro area', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dubuque', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dubuque,_Iowa', 'summary': "Dubuque /dəˈbjuːk/ ( listen ) is the county seat of Dubuque County , Iowa , United States , located along the Mississippi River . In 2017 , the population of Dubuque was 57,637 . The city lies at the junction of Iowa , Illinois , and Wisconsin , a region locally known as the Tri-State Area . It serves as the main commercial , industrial , educational , and cultural center for the area . Geographically , it is part of the Driftless Area , a portion of North America that escaped all three phases of the Wisconsinian Glaciation . It is one of the few cities in Iowa with bluffs , [ citation needed ] and a tourist destination featuring the city 's unique architecture and river location . It is home to five institutions of higher education , making it a center for culture and learning . Dubuque has long been a center of manufacturing , but the economy grew rapidly and diversified to other areas in the first years of the 21st century . By 2005 , the city led the state and the Midwest in job growth , ranking as the 22nd-fastest growing economy in the US . Alongside industry , the city has large health care , education , tourism , publishing , and financial service sectors ."}]}, {'value': '89.7 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KNSY', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KNSY', 'summary': "KNSY ( 89.7 FM ) is a radio station licensed to Dubuque . The station is owned by the University of Northern Iowa . KNSY is an affiliate of Iowa Public Radio , and carries the network 's News and Information and Studio One services ."}]}, {'value': 'News & Studio One', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by University of Northern Iowa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dubuque', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dubuque,_Iowa', 'summary': "Dubuque /dəˈbjuːk/ ( listen ) is the county seat of Dubuque County , Iowa , United States , located along the Mississippi River . In 2017 , the population of Dubuque was 57,637 . The city lies at the junction of Iowa , Illinois , and Wisconsin , a region locally known as the Tri-State Area . It serves as the main commercial , industrial , educational , and cultural center for the area . Geographically , it is part of the Driftless Area , a portion of North America that escaped all three phases of the Wisconsinian Glaciation . It is one of the few cities in Iowa with bluffs , [ citation needed ] and a tourist destination featuring the city 's unique architecture and river location . It is home to five institutions of higher education , making it a center for culture and learning . Dubuque has long been a center of manufacturing , but the economy grew rapidly and diversified to other areas in the first years of the 21st century . By 2005 , the city led the state and the Midwest in job growth , ranking as the 22nd-fastest growing economy in the US . Alongside industry , the city has large health care , education , tourism , publishing , and financial service sectors ."}]}, {'value': '98.7 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K254AE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KUNI_(FM)', 'summary': "KUNI ( 90.9 MHz ) is a radio station owned and operated by the University of Northern Iowa in Cedar Falls . It is one of two NPR outlets for Eastern Iowa ; the other being WSUI in Iowa City . KUNI 's transmitter is in Walker , Iowa , with its primary signal covering Cedar Falls , Waterloo , Cedar Rapids and Iowa City . KUNI 's programming is simulcast on full-power satellites KUNY 91.5 FM and KRNI 1010 AM in Mason City . KUNI also has three low-power FM translators : K233AA ( 94.5 FM ) in Davenport , K237GD ( 95.3 FM ) in Iowa City , and K274AA ( 102.1 FM ) in Eldridge . Programming is mostly NPR news and talk , with some KUNI produced music programs in the evenings and on weekends . It is now a part of Iowa Public Radio , operating with the other two public radio station clusters at the University of Iowa and Iowa State University . It is the flagship of IPR 's News and Studio One service , which combines NPR news and talk programming with an extension of the Live from Studio One AAA program that aired on KUNI for years before the creation of IPR . Announcer Bob Dorr had been involved with the station since 1972 , producing programs of classic rock and roll recordings and live concerts featuring Iowa talent . He is also a harmonica player and heads the blues band , The Blue Band ; which was inducted into the Iowa Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2007 . Dorr retired from full-time broadcasting in 2009 but plans to produce occasional shows in the future ."}]}, {'value': 'News & Studio One', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Translator of KUNI', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dubuque', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dubuque,_Iowa', 'summary': "Dubuque /dəˈbjuːk/ ( listen ) is the county seat of Dubuque County , Iowa , United States , located along the Mississippi River . In 2017 , the population of Dubuque was 57,637 . The city lies at the junction of Iowa , Illinois , and Wisconsin , a region locally known as the Tri-State Area . It serves as the main commercial , industrial , educational , and cultural center for the area . Geographically , it is part of the Driftless Area , a portion of North America that escaped all three phases of the Wisconsinian Glaciation . It is one of the few cities in Iowa with bluffs , [ citation needed ] and a tourist destination featuring the city 's unique architecture and river location . It is home to five institutions of higher education , making it a center for culture and learning . Dubuque has long been a center of manufacturing , but the economy grew rapidly and diversified to other areas in the first years of the 21st century . By 2005 , the city led the state and the Midwest in job growth , ranking as the 22nd-fastest growing economy in the US . Alongside industry , the city has large health care , education , tourism , publishing , and financial service sectors ."}]}, {'value': '101.7 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K269EK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KSUI', 'summary': "KSUI ( 91.7 FM ) is a radio station broadcasting a Classical music format . Located near Iowa City , Iowa , United States , the station serves the Cedar Rapids and Iowa City areas . The station is currently owned by the University of Iowa . It is the flagship station of Iowa Public Radio 's classical music network . KSUI broadcasts in HD ."}]}, {'value': 'Classical', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Translator of KSUI', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Dodge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Dodge,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Fort Dodge is a city in and the county seat of Webster County , Iowa , United States , along the Des Moines River . The population was 25,206 in the 2010 census , an increase from 25,136 in the 2000 census . Fort Dodge is a major commercial center for North Central and Northwest Iowa . It is located on U.S . Routes 20 and 169 .'}]}, {'value': '91.1 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KNSK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KNSK', 'summary': "KNSK ( 91.1 FM ) is a radio station licensed to Fort Dodge , Iowa . The station is owned by Iowa State University . KNSK is an affiliate of Iowa Public Radio , and carries the network 's News and Information and Studio One services ."}]}, {'value': 'News & Studio One', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by Iowa State University', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iowa City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iowa_City,_Iowa', 'summary': "Iowa City is a city in Johnson County , Iowa , United States . It is the home of the University of Iowa and county seat of Johnson County , at the center of the Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area . The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city 's population at 76,290 in 2018 , making it the state 's fifth-largest city . The metropolitan area , which encompasses Johnson and Washington counties , has a population of over 171,000 . Iowa City was the second capital of the Iowa Territory and the first capital city of the State of Iowa . The Old Capitol building is a National Historic Landmark in the center of the University of Iowa campus . The University of Iowa Art Museum and Plum Grove , the home of the first Governor of Iowa , are also tourist attractions . In 2008 , Forbes magazine named Iowa City the second-best small metropolitan area for doing business in the United States ."}]}, {'value': '910 AM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WSUI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WSUI', 'summary': "WSUI ( 910 kHz ) is a public AM radio station in Iowa City , Iowa . It is operated by the University of Iowa and is a member of Iowa Public Radio 's news network . Its signal serves most of eastern Iowa . WSUI is one of two National Public Radio member stations in the region , along with 90.9 KUNI in Cedar Falls . WSUI 's sister station is classical music outlet 91.7 KSUI . WSUI 's studios and offices are on Grand Avenue in Des Moines . The transmitter is off Sand Road SE in Hills , Iowa ."}]}, {'value': 'News', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by University of Iowa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iowa City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iowa_City,_Iowa', 'summary': "Iowa City is a city in Johnson County , Iowa , United States . It is the home of the University of Iowa and county seat of Johnson County , at the center of the Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area . The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city 's population at 76,290 in 2018 , making it the state 's fifth-largest city . The metropolitan area , which encompasses Johnson and Washington counties , has a population of over 171,000 . Iowa City was the second capital of the Iowa Territory and the first capital city of the State of Iowa . The Old Capitol building is a National Historic Landmark in the center of the University of Iowa campus . The University of Iowa Art Museum and Plum Grove , the home of the first Governor of Iowa , are also tourist attractions . In 2008 , Forbes magazine named Iowa City the second-best small metropolitan area for doing business in the United States ."}]}, {'value': '91.7 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KSUI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KSUI', 'summary': "KSUI ( 91.7 FM ) is a radio station broadcasting a Classical music format . Located near Iowa City , Iowa , United States , the station serves the Cedar Rapids and Iowa City areas . The station is currently owned by the University of Iowa . It is the flagship station of Iowa Public Radio 's classical music network . KSUI broadcasts in HD ."}]}, {'value': 'Classical', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by University of Iowa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lamoni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamoni,_Iowa', 'summary': "Lamoni is a city in Decatur County , Iowa , United States . The population was 2,324 at the 2010 census . Lamoni is the home of Graceland University , affiliated with the Community of Christ , and the city was the church 's headquarters from 1880 to 1920 when it moved to Independence , Missouri ."}]}, {'value': '97.9 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KNSL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KNSL', 'summary': "KNSL ( 97.9 MHz ) is a public radio station licensed to Lamoni , Iowa , United States . The station is owned by Iowa State University of Science and Technology and is an affiliate of Iowa Public Radio . KNSL carries Iowa Public Radio 's News and Studio One services , featuring news/talk programming in the daytime , from both IPR and National Public Radio . Evenings , the station carries Studio One , airing adult album alternative music on weeknights , with jazz , blues and folk music also heard on weekends . KNSL is essentially a simulcast of WOI-FM , the flagship station in Ames , Iowa ."}]}, {'value': 'News & Studio One', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by Iowa State University . Serves south central Iowa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mason City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mason_City,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Mason City is a city in and the county seat of Cerro Gordo County , Iowa , United States . The population was 28,079 in the 2010 census , a decline from 29,172 in the 2000 census . The Mason City Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Cerro Gordo and Worth counties . It is commonly referred to as the River City , as the city grew up centered on the Winnebago River .'}]}, {'value': '1010 AM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KRNI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KRNI', 'summary': "KRNI ( AM ) is a radio station licensed to Mason City , Iowa . The station is owned by the University of Northern Iowa . KRNI is an affiliate of Iowa Public Radio , and carries the network 's News and Information service ."}]}, {'value': 'News', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by University of Northern Iowa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mason City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mason_City,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Mason City is a city in and the county seat of Cerro Gordo County , Iowa , United States . The population was 28,079 in the 2010 census , a decline from 29,172 in the 2000 census . The Mason City Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Cerro Gordo and Worth counties . It is commonly referred to as the River City , as the city grew up centered on the Winnebago River .'}]}, {'value': '91.5 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KNSM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KNSM', 'summary': "KNSM ( 91.5 FM ) is a radio station licensed to Mason City , Iowa . The station is owned by the University of Northern Iowa . KNSM is an affiliate of Iowa Public Radio , and carries the network 's News and Information and Studio One services ."}]}, {'value': 'News & Studio One', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by University of Northern Iowa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mason City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mason_City,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Mason City is a city in and the county seat of Cerro Gordo County , Iowa , United States . The population was 28,079 in the 2010 census , a decline from 29,172 in the 2000 census . The Mason City Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Cerro Gordo and Worth counties . It is commonly referred to as the River City , as the city grew up centered on the Winnebago River .'}]}, {'value': '90.7 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K214BA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KHKE', 'summary': 'KHKE is a radio station owned and operated by the University of Northern Iowa in Cedar Falls , Iowa , United States , which broadcasts on 89.5 MHz . It is a classical station , sharing broadcast facilities with KUNI . It is now a part of Iowa Public Radio , operating with the other two public radio station clusters at the University of Iowa and Iowa State University .'}]}, {'value': 'Classical', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Translator of KHKE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ottumwa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ottumwa,_Iowa', 'summary': "Ottumwa ( /əˈtʌmwə/ ; ə-TUM-wə ) is a city in and the county seat of Wapello County , Iowa , United States . The population was 25,023 at the 2010 U.S. Census . Located in the state 's southeastern part , the city is split into northern and southern halves by the Des Moines River ."}]}, {'value': '91.1 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KICW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KICW', 'summary': "KICW ( 91.1 FM ) is a radio station licensed to Ottumwa , Iowa . The station is owned by the University of Northern Iowa . KICW is an affiliate of Iowa Public Radio , and carries the network 's Classical Network services ."}]}, {'value': 'Classical', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by University of Northern Iowa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ottumwa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ottumwa,_Iowa', 'summary': "Ottumwa ( /əˈtʌmwə/ ; ə-TUM-wə ) is a city in and the county seat of Wapello County , Iowa , United States . The population was 25,023 at the 2010 U.S. Census . Located in the state 's southeastern part , the city is split into northern and southern halves by the Des Moines River ."}]}, {'value': '89.1 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KNSZ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KNSZ', 'summary': "KNSZ ( 89.1 FM ) is a radio station licensed to Ottumwa , Iowa . The station is owned by Iowa State University . KNSZ is an affiliate of Iowa Public Radio , and carries the network 's News and Information and Studio One services ."}]}, {'value': 'News & Studio One', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by Iowa State University', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patterson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patterson,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Patterson is a city in Madison County , Iowa , United States . The population was 130 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Des Moines-West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '105.9 FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KICP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KICP', 'summary': "KICP ( 105.9 FM ) is a radio station licensed to Patterson , Iowa . KICP serves the Central Iowa-Des Moines area . A sale of KICP and sister station KICL to Iowa State University was completed in early November 2011 . Both stations went silent upon completion of the sale , but returned to the air on November 21 , 2011 airing Iowa Public Radio 's Classical Network ."}]}, {'value': 'Classical', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owned by Iowa State University . Serves Winterset , Osceola and southwest Des Moines area', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winterset,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Winterset is a city in and the county seat of Madison County , Iowa , United States . The population was 5,190 at the 2010 census . Winterset is part of the Des Moines − West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is the birthplace of actor John Wayne .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Osceola,_Iowa', 'summary': 'Osceola is a city in Clarke County , Iowa , United States . The population was 4,929 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Clarke County .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Member Stations', 'section_text': 'Iowa Public Radio programs three different services . All three AM stations in the network carry the News Network . Affiliated FM stations carry one of two services . The News & Studio One Network programs news/talk programming from 5 a.m. to 7 p.m. and Studio One adult alternative music from 7 p.m. - 5 a.m . The Classical Network airs classical music 24 hours a day .', 'uid': 'Iowa_Public_Radio_0', 'intro': 'Iowa Public Radio is a state network in the U.S. state of Iowa that combines the operations of the National Public Radio member stations run by Iowa State University, the University of Iowa, and University of Northern Iowa. They broadcast programs from National Public Radio, Public Radio International and American Public Media, along with local content (notably music) on weekends and evenings. The network is headquartered in Des Moines, with studios on the ISU campus in Ames, the University of Iowa campus in Iowa City and the UNI campus in Cedar Falls.'}	null	null	What is the population of the city with the Iowa radio station with a call sign of KNSC ?	10,103
0a0f7ba8573b5f96	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_alumni_of_the_University_of_St_Andrews', 'title': 'List of alumni of the University of St Andrews', 'header': ['Name', 'Year/degree', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Robert Balfour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Balfour_(philosopher)', 'summary': 'Robert Balfour ( c. 1553-1621 ; known also as Balforeus ) was a Scottish philosopher . He was educated at the University of St Andrews and the University of Paris . He was for many years principal of the College of Guienne at Bordeaux .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philosopher', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'G.W.S . Barrow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/G.W.S._Barrow', 'summary': "Geoffrey Wallis Steuart Barrow , FBA , FRSE ( 28 November 1924 - 14 December 2013 ) , was a Scottish historian and academic . The son of Charles Embleton Barrow and Marjorie née Stuart , he was born on 28 November 1924 , at Headingley near Leeds . Barrow attended St Edward 's School , Oxford , and Inverness Royal Academy , moving onto the University of St Andrews and Pembroke College , Oxford . He became lecturer in history at University College , London in 1950 , remaining there until 1961 when he became professor of medieval history at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne , and then in 1974 , professor of Scottish history at the University of St Andrews . He was Sir William Fraser Professor of Scottish History and Palaeography at the University of Edinburgh from 1979 to 1992 . He began his work by studying the nature of feudalism in Anglo-Norman Britain , but moved on to specialize more thoroughly on Scottish feudalism . His work tended to focus on Normanisation in High Medieval Scotland , especially in reference to governmental institutions ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Historian and academic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stephen Haliczer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephen_Haliczer', 'summary': "Stephen Haliczer is an American historian of Spain , Italy , and the Catholic Church during the Early Modern era . He is a professor of history at Northern Illinois University . Haliczer 's undergraduate work was done at Bard College and his graduate work at St. Andrews University . His study of Early Modern Spain has received praise from a variety of other historians , such as Joseph Perez . In his books , Haliczer holds to the functionalist school of historical thought . In 2006 , he released an educational board game Vatican : Unlock the Secrets of How Men Become Pope . Based on his research , the game attempts to show the process of selecting a Pope as players first maneuver for position , then vie to be named the new Pope upon the previous Pope 's death ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Historian', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Kieron O'Hara", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Kieron_O'Hara", 'summary': "Kieron O'Hara is a philosopher , computer scientist and political writer . He is an associate professor and principal research fellow within the department of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton where he specialises in the politics , philosophy and epistemology of technology . He is also a research fellow at the Web Science Trust and the conservative think-tank , the Centre for Policy Studies . In Conservatism ( 2011 ) , O'Hara developed the philosophy of 'small-c conservatism ' that he originally outlined in After Blair ( 2005/7 ) . He argued that conservatism must be a philosophy concerned with social change , and must be defensible using public reason . To that end , he defined conservatism as the knowledge principle plus the change principle . The knowledge principle , influenced by scepticism , states that : because society and its mediating institutions are highly complex and dynamic with natures that are constantly evolving as they are co-constituted with the individuals who are their members , both data and theories about society are highly uncertain . The change principle adds : because the current state of society is typically undervalued , and because the effects of social innovations can not be known fully in advance , then social change ( a ) must always risk destroying beneficial institutions and norms and ( b ) can not be guaranteed to achieve the aims for which it was implemented . It therefore follows that societies should be risk-averse with respect to social change , and the burden of proof placed on the innovator , not his or her opponents . It also follows that change , when it does come , should ideally be ( a ) incremental , ( b ) reversible where possible and ( c ) rigorously evaluated before the next incremental step . Influenced by Edmund Burke , Adam Smith , Michael Oakeshott and Friedrich Hayek , O'Hara distanced conservative philosophy from free-market liberalism and neo-conservatism . He also developed ideas about risk and uncertainty about the environment to sketch a type of green conservatism ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philosopher , computer scientist and political writer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Computer_scientist', 'summary': 'A computer scientist is a person who has acquired the knowledge of computer science , the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their application . Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computer systems , as opposed to the hardware side on which computer engineers mainly focus ( although there is overlap ) . Although computer scientists can also focus their work and research on specific areas ( such as algorithm and data structure development and design , software engineering , information theory , database theory , computational complexity theory , numerical analysis , programming language theory , computer graphics , and computer vision ) , their foundation is the theoretical study of computing from which these other fields derive . A primary goal of computer scientists is to develop or validate models , often mathematical , to describe the properties of computer-based systems ( processors , programs , computers interacting with people , computers interacting with other computers , etc . ) with an overall objective of discovering designs that yield useful benefits ( faster , smaller , cheaper , more precise , etc . ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Russell Kirk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russell_Kirk', 'summary': 'Russell Amos Kirk ( October 19 , 1918 - April 29 , 1994 ) was an American political theorist , moralist , historian , social critic , and literary critic , known for his influence on 20th-century American conservatism . His 1953 book The Conservative Mind gave shape to the amorphous post-World War II conservative movement . It traced the development of conservative thought in the Anglo-American tradition , giving special importance to the ideas of Edmund Burke . Kirk was considered the chief proponent of traditionalist conservatism . He was also an accomplished author of Gothic and ghost story fiction .'}]}, {'value': '1953 D.Litt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/D.Litt.', 'summary': 'Doctor of Literature ( D.Litt. , Litt.D. , D . Lit. , or Lit . D. ; Latin Litterarum Doctor or Doctor Litterarum ) is an academic degree , a higher doctorate which , in some countries , may be considered to be equal to the Ph.D. and equal to the Doctor of Science ( Sc.D . or D.Sc. ) . It is awarded in many countries by universities and learned bodies in recognition of achievement in the humanities , original contribution to the creative arts or scholarship and other merits . In some countries it is also regarded as the highest degree of education . When awarded without an application by the conferee , it is awarded as an honorary degree .'}]}, {'value': 'Political theorist , moralist , historian , social critic , literary critic , fiction author , known for his influence on 20th-century American conservatism', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Political_theorist', 'summary': 'A political theorist is someone who engages in constructing or evaluating political theory , including political philosophy . Theorists may be academics or independent scholars .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Moral_philosopher', 'summary': 'Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing , defending , and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct . The field of ethics , along with aesthetics , concerns matters of value , and thus comprises the branch of philosophy called axiology . Ethics seeks to resolve questions of human morality by defining concepts such as good and evil , right and wrong , virtue and vice , justice and crime . As a field of intellectual inquiry , moral philosophy also is related to the fields of moral psychology , descriptive ethics , and value theory . Three major areas of study within ethics recognized today are :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Social_critic', 'summary': "Social criticism is a form of academic or journalistic criticism focusing on sociological issues in contemporary society , in particular with respect to perceived injustices and power relations in general . It often refers to a mode of criticism that locates the reasons for such conditions in a society considered to be in a flawed social structure . It may also refer to people adhering to a social critic 's aims at practical solutions by way of specific measures either for consensual reform or powerful revolution ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Literary_critic', 'summary': "Literary criticism ( or literary studies ) is the study , evaluation , and interpretation of literature . Modern literary criticism is often influenced by literary theory , which is the philosophical discussion of literature 's goals and methods . Though the two activities are closely related , literary critics are not always , and have not always been , theorists . Whether or not literary criticism should be considered a separate field of inquiry from literary theory , or conversely from book reviewing , is a matter of some controversy . For example , the Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism draws no distinction between literary theory and literary criticism , and almost always uses the terms together to describe the same concept . Some critics consider literary criticism a practical application of literary theory , because criticism always deals directly with particular literary works , while theory may be more general or abstract . Literary criticism is often published in essay or book form . Academic literary critics teach in literature departments and publish in academic journals , and more popular critics publish their reviews in broadly circulating periodicals such as The Times Literary Supplement , The New York Times Book Review , The New York Review of Books , the London Review of Books , the Dublin Review of Books , The Nation , Bookforum , and The New Yorker ."}]}, {'value': 'Dominic Sandbrook', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dominic_Sandbrook', 'summary': 'Dominic Christopher Sandbrook ( born 2 October 1974 ) is a British historian , author , columnist and television presenter .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Historian and author', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lawrence Stenhouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lawrence_Stenhouse', 'summary': "Lawrence Stenhouse ( 29 March 1926-5 September 1982 ) was a British educational thinker who sought to promote an active role for teachers in educational research and curriculum development . He was a founder member of the Centre for Applied Research in Education ( CARE ) at the University of East Anglia . He was educated at Manchester Grammar School , the University of St Andrews and the University of Glasgow ( MEd ) . Stenhouse was particularly influential during the 1960s and 1970s . He helped to develop innovative classwork for secondary school pupils through the Schools Council Humanities Project . He also served as the President of the British Educational Research Association ( BERA ) . In 2013 , the University of East Anglia renamed their 'Education ' building after him ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Educationalist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Educationalist', 'summary': 'Education is the process of facilitating learning , or the acquisition of knowledge , skills , values , beliefs , and habits . Educational methods include teaching , training , storytelling , discussion and directed research . Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators , however learners can also educate themselves . Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks , feels , or acts may be considered educational . The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy . Formal education is commonly divided formally into such stages as preschool or kindergarten , primary school , secondary school and then college , university , or apprenticeship . A right to education has been recognized by some governments and the United Nations . In most regions , education is compulsory up to a certain age . There is a movement for education reform , and in particular for evidence-based education .'}]}, {'value': 'Robert Archibald Armstrong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Archibald_Armstrong', 'summary': 'Robert Archibald Armstrong , LL.D . ( 1788-1867 ) , was a Gaelic lexicographer . He was the eldest son of Robert Armstrong , of Kenmore , Perthshire , by his wife , Mary McKercher . He was born at Kenmore in 1788 , and educated partly by his father , and afterwards at Edinburgh and at St. Andrews University , here he graduated . Coming to London from St. Andrews with high commendations for his Greek and Latin acquirements , he engaged in tuition , and kept several high-class schools in succession in different parts of the metropolis . He devoted his leisure to the cultivation of literature and science . Of his humorous articles The Three Florists , in Eraser for January 1838 , and The Dream of Tom Finiarty , the Cab-driver , in the Athenæum , are notable examples . His scientific papers appeared chiefly in the Arcana of Science and Art ( 1837 et seq . ) , and relate to meteorological matters . But his great work was A Gaelic Dictionary , in two parts - I. Gaelic and English , II . English and Gaelic - in which the words , in their different acceptations , are illustrated by quotations from the best Gaelic writers , London , 1825 , 4to , This was the first Gaelic dictionary published , as there previously existed only vocabularies of the language like those of William Shaw ( An Analysis of the Galic Language 1778 and Galick and English Dictionary 1780 ) and others . This work , running to nearly 1100 pages , was the first Gaelic dictionary to attempt to provide etymological information .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lexicographer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lexicographer', 'summary': 'This list contains people who contributed to the field of lexicography , the theory and practice of compiling dictionaries .'}]}, {'value': 'James Crichton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Crichton', 'summary': 'James Crichton , known as the Admirable Crichton ( 19 August 1560 - 3 July 1582 ) , was a Scottish polymath noted for his extraordinary accomplishments in languages , the arts , and sciences before he was murdered at the age of 21 .'}]}, {'value': '1574 BA M.A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Scotland)', 'summary': 'The degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) in Scotland typically refers to an undergraduate degree ( either a three-year general degree or four-year Honours degree ) in humanities or social sciences awarded by one of the ancient universities of Scotland ( the University of St Andrews , the University of Glasgow , the University of Aberdeen , and the University of Edinburgh ) plus the University of Dundee ( as a result of its history as a constituent college of the University of St Andrews ) and Heriot-Watt University ( at honours level only ) . The first two years of the Scottish Master of Arts consist of ordinary Bachelor level courses ; however , after these , students who are accepted to pursue the Honours route will complete more advanced subjects and write a dissertation in their fourth year . Students who choose to do a general degree will complete their third year at a lower level of specialisation , and receive a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) or MA without Honours . For the postgraduate degree referred to in other places as Master of Arts , Scottish universities usually award the degree of Master of Letters ( MLitt ) or Master of Science ( MSc ) . Generally , non-ancient universities in Scotland ( e.g . University of Strathclyde , The Robert Gordon University , Edinburgh Napier University , etc . ) , award arts degrees as Bachelor of Arts .'}]}, {'value': "Polymath and origin of the term 'the admirable Crichton '", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Polymath', 'summary': 'A polymath ( Greek : πολυμαθής , polymathēs , having learned much ; Latin : homo universalis , universal man ) is an individual whose knowledge spans a significant number of subjects , known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems . The earliest recorded use of the term in English is from 1624 , in the second edition of The Anatomy of Melancholy by Robert Burton ; the form polymathist is slightly older , first appearing in the Diatribae upon the first part of the late History of Tithes of Richard Montagu in 1621 . Use in English of the similar term polyhistor dates from the late sixteenth century . In Western Europe , the first work to use polymathy in its title ( De Polymathia tractatio : integri operis de studiis veterum ) was published in 1603 by Johann von Wowern ( de ) , a Hamburg philosopher . Von Wowern defined polymathy as knowledge of various matters , drawn from all kinds of studies [ . ] ranging freely through all the fields of the disciplines , as far as the human mind , with unwearied industry , is able to pursue them . Von Wowern lists erudition , literature , philology , philomathy and polyhistory as synonyms . Polymaths include the great thinkers of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment , who excelled at several fields in science , technology , engineering , mathematics , and the arts . In the Italian Renaissance , the idea of the polymath was expressed by Leon Battista Alberti ( 1404-1472 ) in the statement that a man can do all things if he will . Embodying a basic tenet of Renaissance humanism that humans are limitless in their capacity for development , the concept led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible . This is expressed in the term Renaissance man , often applied to the gifted people of that age who sought to develop their abilities in all areas of accomplishment : intellectual , artistic , social , physical , and spiritual .'}]}, {'value': 'Michael Wesley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Wesley', 'summary': 'Michael Wesley ( 1968 ) is an Australian academic . He was appointed Professor of National Security at the National Security College of the Australian National University on 1 November 2012 . Subsequently he became the Director of the Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Studies , and is currently Dean of the College of Asia and the Pacific at the ANU . He also consults extensively for the Australian government .'}]}, {'value': 'PhD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Academic , professor of national security at the Australian National University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australian_National_University', 'summary': "The Australian National University ( ANU ) is a national research university located in Canberra , the capital of Australia . Its main campus in Acton encompasses seven teaching and research colleges , in addition to several national academies and institutes . Founded in 1946 , it is the only university to have been created by the Parliament of Australia . Originally a postgraduate research university , ANU commenced undergraduate teaching in 1960 when it integrated the Canberra University College , which had been established in 1929 as a campus of the University of Melbourne . ANU enrolls 10,052 undergraduate and 10,840 postgraduate students and employs 3,753 staff . The university 's endowment stood at A $ 1.13 billion in 2012 . ANU is regarded as one of the world 's leading research universities . It is ranked 1st in Australia and the whole of Oceania , 24th in the world by the 2019 QS World University Rankings , and 49th in the world ( second in Australia ) by the 2019 Times Higher Education . ANU was named the world 's 7th ( first in Australia ) most international university in a 2017 study by Times Higher Education . In the 2017 Times Higher Education Global Employability University Ranking , an annual ranking of university graduates ' employability , ANU was ranked 21st in the world ( first in Australia ) . The university is particularly well known for its programmes in the arts and social sciences , and ranks among the best in the world for a number of disciplines including linguistics , politics and international relations , social policy , and geography . ANU counts six Nobel laureates and 49 Rhodes scholars among its faculty and alumni ."}]}, {'value': 'Bethwell Allan Ogot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bethwell_Allan_Ogot', 'summary': 'Bethwell Allan Ogot ( born 1929 ) is a historian from Kenya . He specialises in African history , research methods and theory . One of his works starts by saying that to tell the story of a past so as to portray an inevitable destiny is , for humankind , a need as universal as tool-making . To that extent , we may say that a human being is , by nature , historicus . He was the Chancellor of Moi University up to early 2013 .'}]}, {'value': '1959 M.A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Scotland)', 'summary': 'The degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) in Scotland typically refers to an undergraduate degree ( either a three-year general degree or four-year Honours degree ) in humanities or social sciences awarded by one of the ancient universities of Scotland ( the University of St Andrews , the University of Glasgow , the University of Aberdeen , and the University of Edinburgh ) plus the University of Dundee ( as a result of its history as a constituent college of the University of St Andrews ) and Heriot-Watt University ( at honours level only ) . The first two years of the Scottish Master of Arts consist of ordinary Bachelor level courses ; however , after these , students who are accepted to pursue the Honours route will complete more advanced subjects and write a dissertation in their fourth year . Students who choose to do a general degree will complete their third year at a lower level of specialisation , and receive a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) or MA without Honours . For the postgraduate degree referred to in other places as Master of Arts , Scottish universities usually award the degree of Master of Letters ( MLitt ) or Master of Science ( MSc ) . Generally , non-ancient universities in Scotland ( e.g . University of Strathclyde , The Robert Gordon University , Edinburgh Napier University , etc . ) , award arts degrees as Bachelor of Arts .'}]}, {'value': 'Historian and chancellor of Moi University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moi_University', 'summary': 'Moi University is a public university located in Kesses , Uasin Gishu county , in the former Rift Valley Province of Kenya . It was established in 1984 by the Moi University Act of the Parliament of Kenya , after recommendations from the McKay Commission . The current chancellor of the university is Professor Miriam Were while the vice-chancellor is Professor Isaac Sanga Kosgey .'}]}, {'value': 'Adam Ferguson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adam_Ferguson', 'summary': 'Adam Ferguson , FRSE ( Scottish Gaelic : Adhamh MacFhearghais ) , also known as Ferguson of Raith ( 1 July N.S./20 June O.S . 1723 - 22 February 1816 ) , was a Scottish philosopher and historian of the Scottish Enlightenment . Ferguson was sympathetic to traditional societies , such as the Highlands , for producing courage and loyalty . He criticized commercial society as making men weak , dishonourable and unconcerned for their community . Ferguson has been called the father of modern sociology for his contributions to the early development of the discipline . His best-known work is his Essay on the History of Civil Society .'}]}, {'value': '1742 M.A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Scotland)', 'summary': 'The degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) in Scotland typically refers to an undergraduate degree ( either a three-year general degree or four-year Honours degree ) in humanities or social sciences awarded by one of the ancient universities of Scotland ( the University of St Andrews , the University of Glasgow , the University of Aberdeen , and the University of Edinburgh ) plus the University of Dundee ( as a result of its history as a constituent college of the University of St Andrews ) and Heriot-Watt University ( at honours level only ) . The first two years of the Scottish Master of Arts consist of ordinary Bachelor level courses ; however , after these , students who are accepted to pursue the Honours route will complete more advanced subjects and write a dissertation in their fourth year . Students who choose to do a general degree will complete their third year at a lower level of specialisation , and receive a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) or MA without Honours . For the postgraduate degree referred to in other places as Master of Arts , Scottish universities usually award the degree of Master of Letters ( MLitt ) or Master of Science ( MSc ) . Generally , non-ancient universities in Scotland ( e.g . University of Strathclyde , The Robert Gordon University , Edinburgh Napier University , etc . ) , award arts degrees as Bachelor of Arts .'}]}, {'value': 'Philosopher and historian of the Scottish enlightenment ; the father of modern sociology', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scottish_enlightenment', 'summary': "The Scottish Enlightenment ( Scots : Scots Enlichtenment , Scottish Gaelic : Soillseachadh na h-Alba ) was the period in 18th- and early-19th-century Scotland characterised by an outpouring of intellectual and scientific accomplishments . By the eighteenth century , Scotland had a network of parish schools in the Lowlands and four universities . The Enlightenment culture was based on close readings of new books , and intense discussions took place daily at such intellectual gathering places in Edinburgh as The Select Society and , later , The Poker Club , as well as within Scotland 's ancient universities ( St Andrews , Aberdeen , Glasgow , and Edinburgh ) . Sharing the humanist and rationalist outlook of the European Enlightenment of the same time period , the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment asserted the importance of human reason combined with a rejection of any authority that could not be justified by reason . In Scotland , the Enlightenment was characterised by a thoroughgoing empiricism and practicality where the chief values were improvement , virtue , and practical benefit for the individual and society as a whole . Among the fields that rapidly advanced were philosophy , political economy , engineering , architecture , medicine , geology , archaeology , botany and zoology , law , agriculture , chemistry and sociology . Among the Scottish thinkers and scientists of the period were Francis Hutcheson , David Hume , Adam Smith , Dugald Stewart , Thomas Reid , Robert Burns , Adam Ferguson , John Playfair , Joseph Black and James Hutton . The Scottish Enlightenment had effects far beyond Scotland , not only because of the esteem in which Scottish achievements were held outside Scotland , but also because its ideas and attitudes were carried all over Europe and across the Atlantic world as part of the Scottish diaspora , and by European and American students who studied in Scotland ."}]}, {'value': 'Steve Boardman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Boardman_(historian)', 'summary': "Stephen I. Boardman , FRHistS , is a Scottish medieval historian . A graduate of the University of St Andrews , he held the Glenfiddich Research Fellowship and a Post-Doctoral Fellowship of the British Academy at St Andrews before being appointed Mackie Lecturer in History at the University of Aberdeen in 1995 . He subsequently moved to the University of Edinburgh , where he is now Professor of Medieval Scottish History . Boardman 's work focuses on kingship and the nobility in the later Middle Ages , and he has completed work on Kings Robert II and Robert III of Scotland , as well as Clan Campbell . The former is the only work to deal specifically with those monarchs ."}]}, {'value': '1989 PhD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Medieval historian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Craig', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Craig_(classicist)', 'summary': 'John Douglas Craig ( 31 May 1887 - 13 May 1968 ) was a Scottish classicist , who was Firth Professor of Latin at the University of Sheffield from 1930 to 1952 .'}]}, {'value': 'M.A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Scotland)', 'summary': 'The degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) in Scotland typically refers to an undergraduate degree ( either a three-year general degree or four-year Honours degree ) in humanities or social sciences awarded by one of the ancient universities of Scotland ( the University of St Andrews , the University of Glasgow , the University of Aberdeen , and the University of Edinburgh ) plus the University of Dundee ( as a result of its history as a constituent college of the University of St Andrews ) and Heriot-Watt University ( at honours level only ) . The first two years of the Scottish Master of Arts consist of ordinary Bachelor level courses ; however , after these , students who are accepted to pursue the Honours route will complete more advanced subjects and write a dissertation in their fourth year . Students who choose to do a general degree will complete their third year at a lower level of specialisation , and receive a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) or MA without Honours . For the postgraduate degree referred to in other places as Master of Arts , Scottish universities usually award the degree of Master of Letters ( MLitt ) or Master of Science ( MSc ) . Generally , non-ancient universities in Scotland ( e.g . University of Strathclyde , The Robert Gordon University , Edinburgh Napier University , etc . ) , award arts degrees as Bachelor of Arts .'}]}, {'value': 'Classicist , Firth Professor of Latin at the University of Sheffield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Classicist', 'summary': 'Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity . It encompasses the study of the Greco-Roman world , particularly of its languages and literature ( Ancient Greek and Classical Latin ) but also of Greco-Roman philosophy , history , and archaeology . Traditionally in the West , the study of the Greek and Roman classics is considered one of the cornerstones of the humanities and a fundamental element of a rounded education . The study of classics has therefore traditionally been a cornerstone of a typical elite education . Study encompasses specifically a time-period of history from the mid-2nd millennium BC to the 6th century AD .'}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_Sheffield', 'summary': "The University of Sheffield ( informally Sheffield University ) is a public research university in Sheffield , South Yorkshire , England . It received its royal charter in 1905 as successor to the University College of Sheffield , which was established in 1897 by the merger of Sheffield Medical School ( founded in 1828 ) , Firth College ( 1879 ) and Sheffield Technical School ( 1884 ) . Sheffield is a multi-campus university predominantly over two campus areas : the Western Bank and the St George 's . The university is organised into five academic faculties composed of multiple departments . It had 20,005 undergraduate and 8,710 postgraduate students in 2016/17 . The annual income of the institution for 2017-18 was £678.3 million of which £196.8 million was from research grants and contracts , with an expenditure of £627.8 million . Sheffield ranks among the top 10 of UK universities for research grant funding , and it has become number one in the UK for income and investment in engineering research according to new data published by the Higher Education Statistics Agency ( HESA ) . Sheffield was placed 78th worldwide and 12th in the UK according to QS World University Rankings and 106th worldwide and 12th in the UK according to Times Higher Education World University Rankings . It was also ranked 12th in the UK amongst multi-faculty institutions for the quality ( GPA ) of its research and for its Research Power in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework . In 2011 , Sheffield was named 'University of the Year ' in the Times Higher Education awards . The Times Higher Education Student Experience Survey 2014 ranked the University of Sheffield 1st for student experience , social life , university facilities and accommodation , among other categories . It is one of the original red brick universities , a member of the Russell Group of research-intensive universities , the Worldwide Universities Network , the N8 Group of the eight most research intensive universities in Northern England and the White Rose University Consortium ."}]}, {'value': 'William Craigie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Craigie', 'summary': 'Sir William Alexander Craigie ( 13 August 1867 - 2 September 1957 ) was a philologist and a lexicographer . A graduate of the University of St Andrews , he was the third editor of the Oxford English Dictionary and co-editor ( with C. T. Onions ) of the 1933 supplement . From 1916 to 1925 he was also Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon in the University of Oxford . Among the students he tutored was the one who would succeed him in the Anglo-Saxon chair , JRR Tolkien . He married Jessie Kinmond Hutchen of Dundee , born 1864 or 65 , died 1947 , daughter of William . In 1925 , Cragie accepted a professorship in English literature from the University of Chicago , with plans to edit a new American English dictionary , based on the Oxford model . He also lectured on lexicography at Chicago , while working on the Dictionary of American English and the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue , a project he pioneered . Many twentieth-century American lexicographers studied under Craigie as a part of his lectureship , including Clarence Barnhart , Jess Stein , Woodford A. Heflin , Robert Ramsey , Louise Pound , and Allen Walker Read . Cragie retired to Watlington , England in 1936 . Craigie was also fluent in Icelandic and an expert in the field of rímur ( rhyming epic poems ) . He made many valuable contributions in that field . His interest was awakened by a winter of study in Copenhagen , then the centre of Norse philology .'}]}, {'value': '1888', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philologist , lexicographer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philologist', 'summary': "Philology is the study of language in oral and written historical sources ; it is the intersection of textual criticism , literary criticism , history , and linguistics . [ page needed ] Philology is more commonly defined as the study of literary texts as well as oral and written records , the establishment of their authenticity and their original form , and the determination of their meaning . A person who pursues this kind of study is known as a philologist . In older usage , especially British , philology is more general , covering comparative and historical linguistics . Classical philology studies classical languages . Classical philology principally originated from the Library of Pergamum and the Library of Alexandria around the fourth century BCE , continued by Greeks and Romans throughout the Roman/Byzantine Empire . It was preserved and promoted during the Islamic Golden Age , and eventually resumed by European scholars of the Renaissance , where it was soon joined by philologies of other non-Asian ( European ) ( Germanic , Celtic ) , Eurasian ( Slavistics , etc . ) , Asian ( Arabic , Persian , Sanskrit , Chinese , etc . ) , and African ( Egyptian , Nubian , etc . ) languages . Indo-European studies involves the comparative philology of all Indo-European languages . Philology , with its focus on historical development ( diachronic analysis ) , is contrasted with linguistics due to Ferdinand de Saussure 's insistence on the importance of synchronic analysis ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lexicographer', 'summary': 'This list contains people who contributed to the field of lexicography , the theory and practice of compiling dictionaries .'}]}, {'value': 'James Main Dixon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Main_Dixon', 'summary': 'James Main Dixon FRSE ( 1856 , Paisley - 27 September 1933 ) was a Scottish teacher and author , and an important scholar of the Scots language .'}]}, {'value': '1879', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Professor of English literature , author , scholar of the Scots language', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/English_literature', 'summary': 'This article is focused on English-language literature rather than the literature of England , so that it includes writers from Scotland , Wales , the Crown dependencies , and the whole of Ireland , as well as literature in English from countries of the former British Empire , including the United States . However , until the early 19th century , it only deals with the literature of the United Kingdom , the Crown dependencies and Ireland . It does not include literature written in the other languages of Britain . The English language has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years . The earliest forms of English , a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the fifth century , are called Old English . Beowulf is the most famous work in Old English , and has achieved national epic status in England , despite being set in Scandinavia . However , following the Norman conquest of England in 1066 , the written form of the Anglo-Saxon language became less common . Under the influence of the new aristocracy , French became the standard language of courts , parliament , and polite society . The English spoken after the Normans came is known as Middle English . This form of English lasted until the 1470s , when the Chancery Standard ( late Middle English ) , a London-based form of English , became widespread . Geoffrey Chaucer ( 1343 - 1400 ) , author of The Canterbury Tales , was a significant figure in the development of the legitimacy of vernacular Middle English at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were still French and Latin . The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in 1439 also helped to standardise the language , as did the King James Bible ( 1611 ) , and the Great Vowel Shift .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Scots_language', 'summary': 'Scots ( Scottish Gaelic : Albais ) is the West Germanic languages variety spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster in Ireland ( where the local dialect is known as Ulster Scots ) . It is sometimes called Lowland Scots to distinguish it from Scottish Gaelic , the Celtic language that was historically restricted to most of the Highlands , the Hebrides and Galloway after the 16th century . The Scots language developed during the Middle English period as a distinct entity . Scots is recognised as an indigenous language of Scotland , a regional or minority language of Europe , and as a vulnerable language by UNESCO . As there are no universally accepted criteria for distinguishing a language from a dialect , scholars and other interested parties often disagree about the linguistic , historical and social status of Scots and particularly its relationship to English . Although a number of paradigms for distinguishing between languages and dialects exist , they often render contradictory results . Broad Scots is at one end of a bipolar linguistic continuum , with Scottish Standard English at the other . Scots is often regarded as one of the ancient varieties of English , but it has its own distinct dialects . Alternatively , Scots is sometimes treated as a distinct Germanic language , in the way that Norwegian is closely linked to but distinct from Danish . In the 2011 Scottish Census , 1.5 million people in Scotland reported being able to speak Scots .'}]}, {'value': 'John Elder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Elder_(writer)', 'summary': 'John Elder ( fl . 1542 - 1565 ) was a Scottish cartographer and writer . He was the tutor of Henry Stuart , Lord Darnley in England .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cartographer , writer , tutor of Henry Stuart , Lord Darnley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cartographer', 'summary': 'Cartography ( /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfi/ ; from Greek χάρτης chartēs , papyrus , sheet of paper , map ; and γράφειν graphein , write ) is the study and practice of making maps . Combining science , aesthetics , and technique , cartography builds on the premise that reality can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively . The fundamental uses of traditional cartography are to :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley', 'summary': "Henry Stuart ( or Stewart ) , Duke of Albany ( 7 December 1545 - 10 February 1567 ) , styled as Lord Darnley until 1565 , was king consort of Scotland having in 1565 married ( as her second husband ) Mary , Queen of Scots , by whom he was the father of King James VI of Scotland and I of England . He was murdered at Kirk o ' Field in 1567 . Many contemporary narratives describing his life and death refer to him as Lord Darnley , his title as heir apparent to the Earldom of Lennox , and it is by this appellation that he is known in history . On his mother 's side he was a great-grandson of King Henry VII of England ."}]}, {'value': 'Duncan Forbes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duncan_Forbes_(linguist)', 'summary': "Duncan Forbes ( 28 April 1798 - 17 August 1868 ) was a Scottish linguist . He was born at Kinnaird , Perthshire and brought up by his grandfather from the age of three after his parents and younger brother emigrated to the United States . Illiterate until 13 , he showed no early signs of linguistic ability , but despite this late start , at age 17 he was appointed schoolmaster of the village of Stralock . Shortly after this he attended Kirkmichael school followed by Perth Grammar School and the University of St. Andrews , gaining a master 's degree from the latter . In 1823 he took a post at Calcutta Academy , but because of poor health he was forced to return to Europe in 1826 . In 1837 he became Professor of Oriental Languages at King 's College London and stayed at this post until his retirement in 1861 . During his time at King 's College London he also worked at the British Museum , cataloguing the collection of Persian manuscripts . During his life he wrote a number of books , and it is for these which he is most remembered . He had a hand in translating or editing a number of books in Urdu , Persian and Arabic , including a translation of Mir Amman 's Urdu Bagh o Bahar , or Tales of the Four Darweshes , ( which is itself a translation from the Persian of Amir Khusro ) , and of the Persian Adventures of Hatim Tai ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Academic , linguist , translator , worked at King 's College London and the British Museum , remembered for the erroneous Cox-Forbes theory", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linguist', 'summary': 'Linguistics is the scientific study of language . It involves analysing language form , language meaning , and language in context . Linguists traditionally analyse human language by observing an interplay between sound and meaning . Linguistics also deals with the social , cultural , historical and political factors that influence language , through which linguistic and language-based context is often determined . Research on language through the sub-branches of historical and evolutionary linguistics also focuses on how languages change and grow , particularly over an extended period of time . The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 6th-century-BC Indian grammarian Pāṇini who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his Aṣṭādhyāyī . Related areas of study include the disciplines of semiotics ( the study of direct and indirect language through signs and symbols ) , literary criticism ( the historical and ideological analysis of literature , cinema , art , or published material ) , translation ( the conversion and documentation of meaning in written/spoken text from one language or dialect onto another ) , and speech-language pathology ( a corrective method to cure phonetic disabilities and dis-functions at the cognitive level ) .'}, {'url': "/wiki/King's_College_London", 'summary': "King 's College London ( informally King 's or KCL ) is a public research university located in London , United Kingdom , and a founding college and member institution of the federal University of London . King 's was established in 1829 by King George IV and Arthur Wellesley , 1st Duke of Wellington , when it received its first royal charter ( as a university college ) , and is one of the oldest universities in England . In 1836 , King 's became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London . In the late 20th century , King 's grew through a series of mergers , including with Queen Elizabeth College and Chelsea College of Science and Technology ( in 1985 ) , the Institute of Psychiatry ( in 1997 ) , the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy 's and St Thomas ' Hospitals and the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery ( in 1998 ) . King 's has five campuses : its historic Strand Campus in central London , three other Thames-side campuses ( Guy 's , St Thomas ' and Waterloo ) nearby and one in Denmark Hill in south London . In 2018/19 , King 's had a total income of £902.0 million , of which £194.7 million was from research grants and contracts . It is the 12th largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment . It has the fourth largest endowment of any university in the United Kingdom , and the largest of any in London . Its academic activities are organised into nine faculties , which are subdivided into numerous departments , centres , and research divisions . It is a member of academic organisations including the Association of Commonwealth Universities , European University Association , and the Russell Group . King 's is home to six Medical Research Council centres and is a founding member of the King 's Health Partners academic health sciences centre , Francis Crick Institute and MedCity . It is the largest European centre for graduate and post-graduate medical teaching and biomedical research , by number of students , and includes the world 's first nursing school , the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery ."}, {'url': '/wiki/British_Museum', 'summary': 'The British Museum , in the Bloomsbury area of London , United Kingdom , is a public institution dedicated to human history , art and culture . Its permanent collection of some eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence , having been widely sourced during the era of the British Empire . It documents the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present . [ a ] It was the first public national museum in the world . The British Museum was established in 1753 , largely based on the collections of the Irish physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane . It first opened to the public in 1759 , in Montagu House , on the site of the current building . Its expansion over the following 250 years was largely a result of expanding British colonisation and has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions , the first being the Natural History Museum in 1881 . In 1973 , the British Library Act 1972 detached the library department from the British Museum , but it continued to host the now separated British Library in the same Reading Room and building as the museum until 1997 . The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport , and as with all national museums in the UK it charges no admission fee , except for loan exhibitions . Its ownership of some of its most famous objects originating in other countries is disputed and remains the subject of international controversy , most notably in the case of the Parthenon Marbles .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cox-Forbes_theory', 'summary': 'The Cox-Forbes theory is a long-debunked theory on the evolution of chess put forward by Captain Hiram Cox ( 1760-1799 ) and extended by Professor Duncan Forbes ( 1798-1868 ) . The theory states that a four-handed dice-chess game ( Chaturaji ) was originated in India in approximately 3000 BC ; and that arising from the results of certain rules , or the difficulty in getting enough players , the game evolved into a two-handed game ( Chaturanga ) . On account of religious and legal objections in Hinduism to gambling , the dice were dropped from the game , making it a game of pure skill .'}]}, {'value': 'Peter Goodwin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Goodwin_(maritime_author)', 'summary': 'Peter Goodwin is a British maritime historian and author , and the former Keeper and Curator of HMS Victory .'}]}, {'value': 'MPhil', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maritime historian , author , former keeper and curator of HMS Victory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HMS_Victory', 'summary': "HMS Victory is a 104-gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , ordered in 1758 , laid down in 1759 and launched in 1765 . She is best known for her role as Lord Nelson 's flagship at the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October 1805 . She additionally served as Keppel 's flagship at Ushant , Howe 's flagship at Cape Spartel and Jervis 's flagship at Cape St Vincent . After 1824 , she was relegated to the role of harbour ship . In 1922 , she was moved to a dry dock at Portsmouth , England , and preserved as a museum ship . She has been the flagship of the First Sea Lord since October 2012 and is the world 's oldest naval ship still in commission , with 242 years ' service as of 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'George Hadow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Hadow', 'summary': "George Hadow ( 4 July 1712 - 11 September 1780 ) was professor of Hebrew and oriental languages at St Mary 's College , University of St Andrews , Scotland from 1748 to 1780 . He was the son of Principal James Hadow , also of St Andrews ' University ."}]}, {'value': '1731 M.A . , 1740 MD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Scotland)', 'summary': 'The degree of Master of Arts ( MA ) in Scotland typically refers to an undergraduate degree ( either a three-year general degree or four-year Honours degree ) in humanities or social sciences awarded by one of the ancient universities of Scotland ( the University of St Andrews , the University of Glasgow , the University of Aberdeen , and the University of Edinburgh ) plus the University of Dundee ( as a result of its history as a constituent college of the University of St Andrews ) and Heriot-Watt University ( at honours level only ) . The first two years of the Scottish Master of Arts consist of ordinary Bachelor level courses ; however , after these , students who are accepted to pursue the Honours route will complete more advanced subjects and write a dissertation in their fourth year . Students who choose to do a general degree will complete their third year at a lower level of specialisation , and receive a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) or MA without Honours . For the postgraduate degree referred to in other places as Master of Arts , Scottish universities usually award the degree of Master of Letters ( MLitt ) or Master of Science ( MSc ) . Generally , non-ancient universities in Scotland ( e.g . University of Strathclyde , The Robert Gordon University , Edinburgh Napier University , etc . ) , award arts degrees as Bachelor of Arts .'}]}, {'value': "Professor of Hebrew and oriental languages at St Mary 's College", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hebrew', 'summary': 'Hebrew ( /ˈhiːbruː/ ; עִבְרִית , Ivrit Hebrew pronunciation : [ ivˈʁit ] or [ ʕivˈɾit ] ( listen ) ) is a Northwest Semitic language native to Israel . In 2013 , Modern Hebrew was spoken by over nine million people worldwide . Historically , it is regarded as the language of the Israelites and their ancestors , although the language was not referred to by the name Hebrew in the Tanakh itself . [ note 1 ] The earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date from the 10th century BCE . Hebrew belongs to the West Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family . Hebrew is the only Canaanite language still spoken , and the only truly successful example of a revived dead language . Hebrew had ceased to be an everyday spoken language somewhere between 200 and 400 CE , declining since the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt . [ note 2 ] Aramaic and , to a lesser extent , Greek were already in use as international languages , especially among elites and immigrants . Hebrew survived into the medieval period as the language of Jewish liturgy , rabbinic literature , intra-Jewish commerce and poetry . With the rise of Zionism in the 19th century , it was revived as a spoken and literary language , becoming the main language of the Yishuv , and subsequently of the State of Israel . According to Ethnologue , in 1998 , Hebrew was the language of five million people worldwide . After Israel , the United States has the second-largest Hebrew-speaking population , with about 220,000 fluent speakers , mostly from Israel .'}, {'url': "/wiki/St_Mary's_College,_St_Andrews", 'summary': "St Mary 's College , founded as New College or College of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary , is the home of the Faculty and School of Divinity within the University of St Andrews , in Fife , Scotland ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Academics -- Professors and researchers', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_alumni_of_the_University_of_St_Andrews_2', 'intro': 'This list of alumni of the University of St Andrews includes graduates, non-graduate former students, and current students of the University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland.'}	null	null	How many alumni from the University of St Andrews have a degree of Master of Arts ?	Five
0a0fc44f1e870ec2	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hemsworth', 'title': 'Chris Hemsworth', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guinevere Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guinevere_Jones', 'summary': 'Guinevere Jones is a Canadian/Australian fantasy television series and a series of four novels . It revolves around the adventures of the title character as she uses magic to fight evil , while at the same time dealing with problems and difficulties of high school . The show debuted in Canada on May 4 , 2002 on YTV and ten days later in Australia . It ran for twenty-six episodes over two seasons .'}]}, {'value': 'King Arthur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/King_Arthur', 'summary': "King Arthur was a legendary British leader who , according to medieval histories and romances , led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries . The details of Arthur 's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention , and modern historians generally agree that he is unhistorical . The sparse historical background of Arthur is gleaned from various sources , including the Annales Cambriae , the Historia Brittonum , and the writings of Gildas . Arthur 's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as Y Gododdin . Arthur is a central figure in the legends making up the Matter of Britain . The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of Geoffrey of Monmouth 's fanciful and imaginative 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) . In some Welsh and Breton tales and poems that date from before this work , Arthur appears either as a great warrior defending Britain from human and supernatural enemies or as a magical figure of folklore , sometimes associated with the Welsh otherworld Annwn . How much of Geoffrey 's Historia ( completed in 1138 ) was adapted from such earlier sources , rather than invented by Geoffrey himself , is unknown . Although the themes , events and characters of the Arthurian legend varied widely from text to text , and there is no one canonical version , Geoffrey 's version of events often served as the starting point for later stories . Geoffrey depicted Arthur as a king of Britain who defeated the Saxons and established a vast empire . Many elements and incidents that are now an integral part of the Arthurian story appear in Geoffrey 's Historia , including Arthur 's father Uther Pendragon , the magician Merlin , Arthur 's wife Guinevere , the sword Excalibur , Arthur 's conception at Tintagel , his final battle against Mordred at Camlann , and final rest in Avalon . The 12th-century French writer Chrétien de Troyes , who added Lancelot and the Holy Grail to the story , began the genre of Arthurian romance that became a significant strand of medieval literature ."}]}, {'value': '2 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Neighbours', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neighbours', 'summary': "Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's earlier soap Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , beginning where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest-running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , café , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson - the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes ."}]}, {'value': 'Jamie Kane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Neighbours_characters_(2002)', 'summary': "The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the Australian soap opera Neighbours in 2002 , by order of first appearance . They were all introduced by the show 's executive producer Stanley Walsh . The 18th season of Neighbours began airing on 21 January 2002 . David Karakai began appearing as Marc Lambert from February and his mother Chloe Lambert arrived in April . The first member of the Hoyland family , Rosie , was introduced in March . Irish actor , Patrick Harvey began appearing as Connor O'Neil from April and Andrea McEwan joined the cast as Penny Watts in May . That same month also saw the introductions of Valda Sheergold and Rosie 's granddaughter , Summer . Summer 's brother , Boyd , arrived in June along with Nina Tucker , played by singer Delta Goodrem . July saw the introductions of Tahnee Coppin , Carmel Tyler and Penny 's sister , Sindi . The fourth member of the Hoyland family , Max , made his debut in August . Maureen Edwards began portraying Ruby Dwyer from early November . Daniel Clohesy also began appearing from early November and his domestic abuse storyline formed part of a campaign by the BBC ."}]}, {'value': 'Episode 4,069', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marshall Law', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marshall_Law', 'summary': 'Marshall Law is an Australian television series , which aired on the Seven Network in 2002 , starring Lisa McCune and Alison Whyte as lawyers and sisters .'}]}, {'value': 'The Kid', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Domestic Bliss', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Saddle Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Saddle_Club', 'summary': "The Saddle Club is an Australian-Canadian children 's television series developed by Sarah Dodd , based on the books written by Bonnie Bryant . Like the book series , the scripted live action series follows the lives of three best friends in training to compete in equestrian competitions at the fictional Pine Hollow Stables , while dealing with problems in their personal lives . This series debuted in 2001 and ended in 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'The New Vet', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Tenderfoot', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fergus McPhail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fergus_McPhail', 'summary': "Fergus McPhail is an Australian children 's comedy series that was released on Network Ten in 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Craig', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : In a Jam', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004-2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Home and Away', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Home_and_Away', 'summary': "Home and Away ( often abbreviated as H & A ) is an Australian television soap opera . It was created by Alan Bateman and commenced broadcast on the Seven Network on 17 January 1988 . Bateman came up with the concept of the show during a trip to Kangaroo Point , New South Wales , where he noticed locals were complaining about the construction of a foster home and against the idea of foster children from the city living in the area . The soap opera was initially going to be called Refuge , but the name was changed to the friendlier title of Home and Away once production began . The show premiered with a ninety-minute pilot episode ( subsequently in re-runs and on VHS known as Home and Away : The Movie ) . Since then , each subsequent episode has aired for a duration of twenty-two minutes and Home and Away has become the second longest-running drama series in Australian television . In Australia , it is currently broadcast from Mondays to Thursdays at 7:00 pm . 'Home and Away ' follows the lives and loves of the residents in Summer Bay , a fictional seaside town of New South Wales . The series initially focused on the Fletcher family - Tom ( Roger Oakley ) and Pippa ( Vanessa Downing ) , and their five foster children , Frank Morgan ( Alex Papps ) , Carly Morris ( Sharyn Hodgson ) , Lynn Davenport ( Helena Bozich ) , Steven Matheson ( Adam Willits ) and Sally Fletcher ( Kate Ritchie ) - who moved from the city into the Summer Bay House , where they assumed the new job of running the caravan park , and eventually took in a sixth foster child , Bobby Simpson ( Nicolle Dickson ) . Home and Away was not without controversy . During the first season alone , it featured several adult-themed storylines such as teen pregnancy , rape , drug and alcohol addiction , drug overdose and attempted suicide . The series has dealt with similar storylines over the years which have often exceeded its restricted time slot ."}]}, {'value': 'Kim Hyde', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kim_Hyde', 'summary': 'Kimberly Kim Hyde was a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Home and Away , played by Chris Hemsworth . He made his first on screen appearance on 17 February 2004 and departed on 3 July 2007 .'}]}, {'value': '189 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dancing with the Stars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_(Australian_season_5)', 'summary': "The fifth season of the Australian Dancing with the Stars TV series premiered on Tuesday 26 September 2006 and concluded on Tuesday 28 November 2006 . A controversy occurred in the semi-final when judge Todd McKenney said that he believed Arianne Caoili had received professional dance lessons prior to the competition . Caoili denied this . Channel 7 's Today Tonight supported McKenney 's claims , producing video footage of Caoili attending salsa classes , but Caoili said she just started taking salsa lessons when the producers called to offer her a place on the show . Anthony Koutoufides and his partner Natalie Lowe won the series , with Arianne Caoili and her partner Carmelo Pizzino as runner-up ."}]}, {'value': 'Himself', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5th place', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saturday Night Live', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live', 'summary': "Saturday Night Live ( known as SNL ) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol . The show premiered on NBC on October 11 , 1975 , under the original title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show 's comedy sketches , which often parody contemporary culture and politics , are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members . Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest , who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast as with featured performances by a musical guest . An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming , Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! , properly beginning the show . In 1980 , Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities . He was replaced by Jean Doumanian , who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews . Ebersol ran the show until 1985 . Since Michaels ' return he has held the job of show-runner . Many SNL cast members have found national stardom while appearing on the show , and achieved success in film and television , both in front of and behind the camera . Others associated with the show , such as writers , have gone on to successful careers creating , writing , and starring in television and film . Broadcast from Studio 8H at NBC 's headquarters in the Comcast Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza , SNL has aired 884 episodes since its debut , and began its forty-fifth season on September 28 , 2019 , making it one of the longest-running network television programs in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Host', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chris Hemsworth/Zac Brown Band Chris Hemsworth/Chance The Rapper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_(season_40)', 'summary': "Saturday Night Live premiered its fortieth season during the 2014-15 television season on NBC . The season premiered on September 27 , 2014 , with host Chris Pratt and musical guest Ariana Grande and came to a conclusion on May 16 , 2015 , with host Louis C.K . and musical guest Rihanna . Former cast member Darrell Hammond succeeded Don Pardo , who had died in August , as the show 's new announcer . The premiere included an interstitial photograph of Pardo - SNL 's announcer since it premiered in 1975 ( with the exception of season 7 and episode 14 of season 21 - where Hammond took his place ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_(season_41)', 'summary': 'The forty-first season of the NBC comedy series Saturday Night Live premiered on October 3 , 2015 , during the 2015-2016 television season . The season premiered on October 3 , 2015 , with host & musical guest Miley Cyrus and concluded on May 21 , 2016 with host Fred Armisen and musical guest Courtney Barnett . Kate McKinnon won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her work in this season .'}]}, {'value': '2021', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'What If ... ?', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/What_If...?_(TV_series)', 'summary': "What If. ? is an upcoming American animated web television anthology series created for Disney+ by A.C. Bradley , based on the Marvel Comics series of the same name . It explores what would happen if major moments from the films of the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) occurred differently . The series is produced by Marvel Studios , their first animated series since becoming their own production company . Bradley serves as head writer of the series , with Bryan Andrews directing . Jeffrey Wright stars as the Watcher , who narrates the series . By September 2018 , Marvel Studios was developing a number of series for Disney+ , and one based on the What If. ? comic was first reported in March 2019 . The series was officially announced a month later , with many characters in the series set to be voiced by the actors who portray them in the films . Marvel Studios ' head of visual development Ryan Meinerding helped define the series ' cel-shaded animation style , which is designed to reflect the films . What If. ? 's first season is expected to be released in mid-2021 , and will consist of 10 episodes ."}]}, {'value': 'Thor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)', 'summary': "Thor Odinson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character , which is based on the Norse deity of the same name , is the Asgardian god of thunder who possesses the enchanted hammer , Mjolnir , which grants him the ability to fly and manipulate weather amongst his other superhuman attributes . Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , the character first appeared in Journey into Mystery # 83 ( August 1962 ) and was created by penciller-plotter Jack Kirby , editor-plotter Stan Lee , and scripter Larry Lieber . He has starred in several ongoing series and limited series , and is a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers , appearing in each volume of that series . The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series , movies , video games , clothing , toys and trading cards . The character was first portrayed in live action by Eric Allan Kramer in the 1988 television movie The Incredible Hulk Returns . Chris Hemsworth portrays Thor Odinson in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor ( 2011 ) , The Avengers ( 2012 ) , Thor : The Dark World ( 2013 ) , Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) , Doctor Strange ( 2016 ) in a cameo , Thor : Ragnarok ( 2017 ) , Avengers : Infinity War ( 2018 ) , Avengers : Endgame ( 2019 ) and will return in Thor : Love and Thunder ( 2021 ) . Additionally , archival footage of Hemsworth as Thor was used in the 2013 episodes Pilot and The Well of Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D . Thor placed 14th on IGN 's list of Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time in 2011 , and first in their list of The Top 50 Avengers in 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'Guest role In voice recording process', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Chris_Hemsworth_1', 'intro': "Christopher Hemsworth (born 11 August 1983) is an Australian actor. He rose to prominence playing Kim Hyde in the Australian TV series Home and Away (2004-07) before beginning a film career in Hollywood by taking on parts in the science fiction film Star Trek (2009) and the thriller A Perfect Getaway (2009). Hemsworth went on to star in the fantasy film Snow White and the Huntsman (2012), the war film Red Dawn (2012), the action thriller Blackhat (2015), the biographical thriller In the Heart of the Sea (2015), the comedy Ghostbusters (2016), and the Men in Black film series spin-off Men in Black: International (2019). His most critically acclaimed roles include the comedy horror The Cabin in the Woods (2012) and the biographical sports film Rush (2013), in which he portrayed James Hunt. Hemsworth's greatest commercial successes have been with the Marvel Cinematic Universe, playing Thor, beginning in Thor (2011) and most recently with Avengers: Endgame (2019), which established him as one of the leading and highest-paid actors in the world."}	null	null	What year did Chris Hemsworth act in a show about a magical teen ?	2002
0a109f5a247c950e	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strictly_Come_Dancing_(series_2)', 'title': 'Strictly Come Dancing (series 2)', 'header': ['Dance', 'Best dancer ( s )', 'Best score', 'Worst dancer ( s )', 'Worst score'], 'data': [{'value': 'Cha-Cha-Cha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cha-cha-cha_(dance)', 'summary': "The Cha Cha Cha ( sometimes called cha-cha ) , is a dance of Cuban origin . It is danced to the music of the same name introduced by Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrin in the early 1950s . This rhythm was developed from the danzón-mambo . The name of the dance is an onomatopoeia derived from the shuffling sound of the dancers ' feet when they dance two consecutive quick steps ( correctly , on the fourth count of each measure ) that characterize the dance . In the early 1950s , Enrique Jorrín worked as a violinist and composer with the charanga group Orquesta América . The group performed at dance halls in Havana where they played danzón , danzonete , and danzon-mambo for dance-oriented crowds . Jorrín noticed that many of the dancers at these gigs had difficulty with the syncopated rhythms of the danzón-mambo . To make his music more appealing to dancers , Jorrín began composing songs where the melody was marked strongly on the first downbeat and the rhythm was less syncopated . When Orquesta América performed these new compositions at the Silver Star Club in Havana , it was noticed that the dancers had improvised a triple step in their footwork producing the sound cha-cha-cha . Thus , the new style came to be known as cha-cha-chá and became associated with a dance where dancers perform a triple step . The basic footwork pattern of cha-cha-chá ( one , two , three , cha-cha ) is also found in several Afro-Cuban dances from the Santería religion . For example , one of the steps used in the dance for the orisha Ogun uses an identical footwork pattern ."}]}, {'value': 'Jill Halfpenny', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jill_Halfpenny', 'summary': 'Jill Halfpenny ( born 15 July 1975 ) is an English actress . Her notable roles include Rebecca Hopkins in ITV soap opera Coronation Street ( 1999-2000 ) ; Kate Mitchell in BBC One soap opera EastEnders ( 2002-05 ) ; Izzie Redpath in Waterloo Road ( 2006-07 ) ; and Diane Manning in In The Club ( 2014-16 ) . She also won the second series of the television dance contest Strictly Come Dancing in 2004 .'}]}, {'value': '36', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quentin Willson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quentin_Willson', 'summary': "Quentin Willson ( born 23 July 1957 ) is an English TV presenter , motoring journalist , author , TV producer and former car dealer , perhaps most widely known as a presenter of the motoring programmes Britain 's Worst Driver , Fifth Gear , and the original incarnation of Top Gear . He lives in Warwickshire with his wife and three children ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Foxtrot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foxtrot', 'summary': 'The foxtrot is a smooth , progressive dance characterized by long , continuous flowing movements across the dance floor . It is danced to big band ( usually vocal ) music . The dance is similar in its look to waltz , although the rhythm is in a 44 time signature instead of 34 . Developed in the 1910s , the foxtrot reached its height of popularity in the 1930s and remains practiced today .'}]}, {'value': 'Jill Halfpenny', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jill_Halfpenny', 'summary': 'Jill Halfpenny ( born 15 July 1975 ) is an English actress . Her notable roles include Rebecca Hopkins in ITV soap opera Coronation Street ( 1999-2000 ) ; Kate Mitchell in BBC One soap opera EastEnders ( 2002-05 ) ; Izzie Redpath in Waterloo Road ( 2006-07 ) ; and Diane Manning in In The Club ( 2014-16 ) . She also won the second series of the television dance contest Strictly Come Dancing in 2004 .'}]}, {'value': '34', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julian Clary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julian_Clary', 'summary': 'Julian Peter McDonald Clary ( born 25 May 1959 ) is an English comedian , actor , presenter and novelist . Clary began appearing on television in the mid-1980s . Since then he has also acted in films , television and stage productions , and was the winner of Celebrity Big Brother 10 in 2012 .'}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jive', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jive_(dance)', 'summary': 'In latin dancing , the jive is a dance style that originated in the United States from African-Americans in the early 1930s . It was popularized in 1934 by Cab Calloway . It is a lively and uninhibited variation of the Jitterbug , a form of Swing dance .'}]}, {'value': 'Jill Halfpenny', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jill_Halfpenny', 'summary': 'Jill Halfpenny ( born 15 July 1975 ) is an English actress . Her notable roles include Rebecca Hopkins in ITV soap opera Coronation Street ( 1999-2000 ) ; Kate Mitchell in BBC One soap opera EastEnders ( 2002-05 ) ; Izzie Redpath in Waterloo Road ( 2006-07 ) ; and Diane Manning in In The Club ( 2014-16 ) . She also won the second series of the television dance contest Strictly Come Dancing in 2004 .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julian Clary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julian_Clary', 'summary': 'Julian Peter McDonald Clary ( born 25 May 1959 ) is an English comedian , actor , presenter and novelist . Clary began appearing on television in the mid-1980s . Since then he has also acted in films , television and stage productions , and was the winner of Celebrity Big Brother 10 in 2012 .'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paso Doble', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paso_Doble', 'summary': 'Pasodoble ( Spanish : double step ) is a fast-paced Spanish military march used by infantry troops . Its speed allowed troops to give 120 steps per minute ( double the average of a regular unit , hence its name ) . This march gave rise to a traditional Spanish dance , a musical genre including both voice and instruments , and a genre of instrumental music often played during bullfight . Both the dance and the non martial compositions are also called pasodoble .'}]}, {'value': 'Jill Halfpenny', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jill_Halfpenny', 'summary': 'Jill Halfpenny ( born 15 July 1975 ) is an English actress . Her notable roles include Rebecca Hopkins in ITV soap opera Coronation Street ( 1999-2000 ) ; Kate Mitchell in BBC One soap opera EastEnders ( 2002-05 ) ; Izzie Redpath in Waterloo Road ( 2006-07 ) ; and Diane Manning in In The Club ( 2014-16 ) . She also won the second series of the television dance contest Strictly Come Dancing in 2004 .'}]}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diarmuid Gavin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diarmuid_Gavin', 'summary': 'Diarmuid Gavin ( born 10 May 1964 ) is an Irish garden designer and television personality .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quickstep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quickstep', 'summary': 'The quickstep is a light-hearted dance of the standard ballroom dances . The movement of the dance is fast and powerfully flowing and sprinkled with syncopations . The upbeat melodies that quickstep is danced to make it suitable for both formal and informal events . Quickstep was developed in the 1920s in New York City and was first danced by Caribbean and African dancers . Its origins are in combination of slow foxtrot combined with the Charleston , a dance which was one of the precursors to what today is called swing dancing .'}]}, {'value': 'Denise Lewis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denise_Lewis', 'summary': 'Denise Lewis , OBE ( born 27 August 1972 ) is a British female sports presenter and former track and field athlete , who specialised in the heptathlon . She won the gold medal in the heptathlon at the 2000 Sydney Olympics , was twice Commonwealth Games champion , was the 1998 European Champion and won World Championships silver medals in 1997 and 1999 . She was the first European to win the Olympic heptathlon , though Europeans , including Briton Mary Peters , had won the Olympic pentathlon precursor event . Her personal best score for the heptathlon is 6831 points , set at the Décastar meeting in 2000 . This is a former British record and ranks her third on the all-time British lists behind Katarina Johnson-Thompson and Jessica Ennis-Hill . Lewis was honoured as Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) in the 2001 New Year Honours . Since retiring from athletics , she has undertaken various television and media work and is now a regular athletics pundit for BBC Television , including during London 2012 and Rio 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diarmuid Gavin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diarmuid_Gavin', 'summary': 'Diarmuid Gavin ( born 10 May 1964 ) is an Irish garden designer and television personality .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rumba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhumba', 'summary': 'Rhumba , also known as ballroom rumba , is a genre of ballroom music and dance that appeared in the East Coast of the United States during the 1930s . It combined American big band music with Afro-Cuban rhythms , primarily the son cubano , but also conga and rumba . Although taking its name from the latter , ballroom rumba differs completely from Cuban rumba in both its music and its dance . Hence , authors prefer the Americanized spelling of the word ( rhumba ) to distinguish between them .'}]}, {'value': 'Jill Halfpenny Denise Lewis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jill_Halfpenny', 'summary': 'Jill Halfpenny ( born 15 July 1975 ) is an English actress . Her notable roles include Rebecca Hopkins in ITV soap opera Coronation Street ( 1999-2000 ) ; Kate Mitchell in BBC One soap opera EastEnders ( 2002-05 ) ; Izzie Redpath in Waterloo Road ( 2006-07 ) ; and Diane Manning in In The Club ( 2014-16 ) . She also won the second series of the television dance contest Strictly Come Dancing in 2004 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Denise_Lewis', 'summary': 'Denise Lewis , OBE ( born 27 August 1972 ) is a British female sports presenter and former track and field athlete , who specialised in the heptathlon . She won the gold medal in the heptathlon at the 2000 Sydney Olympics , was twice Commonwealth Games champion , was the 1998 European Champion and won World Championships silver medals in 1997 and 1999 . She was the first European to win the Olympic heptathlon , though Europeans , including Briton Mary Peters , had won the Olympic pentathlon precursor event . Her personal best score for the heptathlon is 6831 points , set at the Décastar meeting in 2000 . This is a former British record and ranks her third on the all-time British lists behind Katarina Johnson-Thompson and Jessica Ennis-Hill . Lewis was honoured as Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) in the 2001 New Year Honours . Since retiring from athletics , she has undertaken various television and media work and is now a regular athletics pundit for BBC Television , including during London 2012 and Rio 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Esther Rantzen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Esther_Rantzen', 'summary': "Dame Esther Louise Rantzen DBE ( born 22 June 1940 ) is an English journalist and television presenter , who presented the BBC television series That 's Life ! for 21 years , from 1973 until 1994 . She works with various charitable causes , and founded the charities ChildLine , promoting child protection , which she set up in 1986 , and The Silver Line , designed to combat loneliness in older people 's lives , which she set up in November 2012 ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samba_(ballroom)', 'summary': 'The international ballroom version of samba is a lively , rhythmical dance with elements from Brazilian samba . It differs considerably from the original samba styles of Brazil ; in particular , it differs from Samba de Gafieira , a partner type of Samba in that country .'}]}, {'value': 'Jill Halfpenny', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jill_Halfpenny', 'summary': 'Jill Halfpenny ( born 15 July 1975 ) is an English actress . Her notable roles include Rebecca Hopkins in ITV soap opera Coronation Street ( 1999-2000 ) ; Kate Mitchell in BBC One soap opera EastEnders ( 2002-05 ) ; Izzie Redpath in Waterloo Road ( 2006-07 ) ; and Diane Manning in In The Club ( 2014-16 ) . She also won the second series of the television dance contest Strictly Come Dancing in 2004 .'}]}, {'value': '35', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roger Black Sarah Manners Julian Clary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roger_Black', 'summary': 'Roger Anthony Black MBE ( born 31 March 1966 ) is a British retired athlete . During his athletics career , he won individual silver medals in the 400 metres sprint at both the Olympic Games and World Championships , two individual gold medals at the European Championships , and 4 × 400 metres relay gold medals at both the World and European Championships . Since retiring from athletics , he has worked as a television presenter and motivational speaker . In 2008 , Black joined forces with fellow athlete Steve Backley and operate BackleyBlack LLP delivering Olympic Performance in the Workplace . Black has a collection of fifteen medals from major senior athletics competitions to add to his two European junior championship gold medals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sarah_Manners', 'summary': 'Sarah Manners ( born 25 August 1975 ) is an English actress , known for her roles as Joanna Helm in the BBC soap opera Doctors and Bex Reynolds in Casualty .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Julian_Clary', 'summary': 'Julian Peter McDonald Clary ( born 25 May 1959 ) is an English comedian , actor , presenter and novelist . Clary began appearing on television in the mid-1980s . Since then he has also acted in films , television and stage productions , and was the winner of Celebrity Big Brother 10 in 2012 .'}]}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tango', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tango_(dance)', 'summary': 'Tango is a partner dance , and social dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata , the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay . It was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries , where natives mixed with slave and European immigrant populations . The tango is the result of a combination of the German Waltz , Czech Polka , Polish Mazurka , and Bohemian Schottische with the Spanish-Cuban Habanera , African Candombe , and Argentinian Milonga . The tango was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports , where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons with music . The tango then spread to the rest of the world . Many variations of this dance currently exist around the world . On August 31 , 2009 , UNESCO approved a joint proposal by Argentina and Uruguay to include the tango in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists .'}]}, {'value': 'Denise Lewis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denise_Lewis', 'summary': 'Denise Lewis , OBE ( born 27 August 1972 ) is a British female sports presenter and former track and field athlete , who specialised in the heptathlon . She won the gold medal in the heptathlon at the 2000 Sydney Olympics , was twice Commonwealth Games champion , was the 1998 European Champion and won World Championships silver medals in 1997 and 1999 . She was the first European to win the Olympic heptathlon , though Europeans , including Briton Mary Peters , had won the Olympic pentathlon precursor event . Her personal best score for the heptathlon is 6831 points , set at the Décastar meeting in 2000 . This is a former British record and ranks her third on the all-time British lists behind Katarina Johnson-Thompson and Jessica Ennis-Hill . Lewis was honoured as Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) in the 2001 New Year Honours . Since retiring from athletics , she has undertaken various television and media work and is now a regular athletics pundit for BBC Television , including during London 2012 and Rio 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '35', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diarmuid Gavin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diarmuid_Gavin', 'summary': 'Diarmuid Gavin ( born 10 May 1964 ) is an Irish garden designer and television personality .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Waltz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waltz', 'summary': 'The waltz ( from German Walzer [ ˈvalt͡sɐ̯ ] ) is a ballroom and folk dance , normally in triple ( help·info ) time , performed primarily in closed position .'}]}, {'value': 'Denise Lewis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denise_Lewis', 'summary': 'Denise Lewis , OBE ( born 27 August 1972 ) is a British female sports presenter and former track and field athlete , who specialised in the heptathlon . She won the gold medal in the heptathlon at the 2000 Sydney Olympics , was twice Commonwealth Games champion , was the 1998 European Champion and won World Championships silver medals in 1997 and 1999 . She was the first European to win the Olympic heptathlon , though Europeans , including Briton Mary Peters , had won the Olympic pentathlon precursor event . Her personal best score for the heptathlon is 6831 points , set at the Décastar meeting in 2000 . This is a former British record and ranks her third on the all-time British lists behind Katarina Johnson-Thompson and Jessica Ennis-Hill . Lewis was honoured as Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) in the 2001 New Year Honours . Since retiring from athletics , she has undertaken various television and media work and is now a regular athletics pundit for BBC Television , including during London 2012 and Rio 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roger Black Carol Vorderman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roger_Black', 'summary': 'Roger Anthony Black MBE ( born 31 March 1966 ) is a British retired athlete . During his athletics career , he won individual silver medals in the 400 metres sprint at both the Olympic Games and World Championships , two individual gold medals at the European Championships , and 4 × 400 metres relay gold medals at both the World and European Championships . Since retiring from athletics , he has worked as a television presenter and motivational speaker . In 2008 , Black joined forces with fellow athlete Steve Backley and operate BackleyBlack LLP delivering Olympic Performance in the Workplace . Black has a collection of fifteen medals from major senior athletics competitions to add to his two European junior championship gold medals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Carol_Vorderman', 'summary': "Carol Jean Vorderman , MBE ( born 24 December 1960 ) is a Welsh media personality , best known for co-hosting the popular game show Countdown for 26 years from 1982 until 2008 , and also for writing books on subjects ranging from school textbooks on mathematics to a # 1 best-selling book on Detox diets , advocating for numerous charities , and hosting the Pride of Britain awards each year to honour British people who have acted bravely or extraordinarily in challenging situations . Vorderman 's career began in 1982 when she joined Channel 4 game show Countdown . She appeared on the show most recently with Des O'Connor , and previously with Des Lynam and before that Richard Whiteley ( from 1982 until his death in 2005 ) . Vorderman left the show in 2008 . While appearing on Countdown , Vorderman began presenting other shows for various broadcasters including Better Homes and The Pride of Britain Awards for ITV , as well as guest hosting shows such as Have I Got News for You , The Sunday Night Project and Lorraine . Vorderman was a presenter of ITV 's Loose Women from 2011 until 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Highest and lowest scoring performances', 'section_text': "The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges ' scores are as follows :", 'uid': 'Strictly_Come_Dancing_(series_2)_2', 'intro': 'Strictly Come Dancing returned for its second series on 23 October 2004 on BBC One. Bruce Forsyth and Tess Daly returned to present the main show on BBC One, while Claudia Winkleman presented a new spin-off show called Strictly Come Dancing: It Takes Two on BBC Two. Series 1 winner Natasha Kaplinsky filled in for Daly during the first five weeks due to maternity leave. Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli, Craig Revel Horwood and Arlene Phillips returned to the judging panel. The winner was actress Jill Halfpenny along with her dancing partner Darren Bennett.'}	null	null	Who did the dancer who received the highest score in jive in series 2 of Strictly Come Dancing play on EastEnders ?	Kate Mitchell
0a12b8a41581b1ce	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Virginia_Byways', 'title': 'List of Virginia Byways', 'header': ['County', 'Route', 'Endpoints', 'Designated', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Fairfax', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fairfax_County,_VA', 'summary': "Fairfax County , officially the County of Fairfax is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States . Part of Northern Virginia , Fairfax County borders both the City of Alexandria and Arlington County and forms part of the suburban ring of Washington , D.C . The county is thus predominantly suburban in character , with some urban and rural pockets . As of the 2010 census , the population was 1,081,726 , in 2018 , it was estimated at 1,150,795 , making it the Commonwealth 's most populous jurisdiction , with around 13% of Virginia 's population . The county is also the most populous jurisdiction in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria , DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area , with around 20% of the MSA population , as well as the larger Washington-Baltimore-Arlington , DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area , with around 13% of the CSA population . The county seat is the City of Fairfax , though because it is an independent city under Virginia law , the city of Fairfax is not part of Fairfax County . Fairfax was the first U.S. county to reach a six-figure median household income and has the second-highest median household income of any county-level local jurisdiction in the United States after neighbor Loudoun County . The county is home to the headquarters of intelligence agencies such as the Central Intelligence Agency , National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency , and National Reconnaissance Office , as well as the National Counterterrorism Center and Office of the Director of National Intelligence . The county is also home to seven Fortune 500 companies , including three with Falls Church addresses ; although Falls Church is its own independent municipality ."}]}, {'value': 'SR 193 ( Georgetown Pike )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_193', 'summary': 'State Route 193 ( SR 193 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . Known as Georgetown Pike , the state highway runs 11.79 mi ( 18.97 km ) from SR 7 in Dranesville east to SR 123 in Langley . SR 193 passes through Great Falls and meets Interstate 495 ( I-495 ) in McLean . The state highway was designated the first Virginia Byway for its scenic value in 1974 .'}]}, {'value': 'SR 7 ( Leesburg Pike ) at Dranesville to SR 123 ( Dolley Madison Boulevard ) at Langley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SR_7_(VA)', 'summary': 'State Route 7 ( SR 7 ) is a major primary state highway and busy commuter route in northern Virginia , United States . It travels southeast from downtown Winchester to SR 400 ( Washington Street ) in downtown Alexandria . Its route largely parallels those of the Washington & Old Dominion Trail ( W & OD Trail ) and the Potomac River . Between its western terminus and I-395 , SR 7 is part of the National Highway System .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dranesville,_VA', 'summary': "Dranesville is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Fairfax County , Virginia , United States . Dranesville is located on the Leesburg Pike ( State Route 7 ) at its intersection with Georgetown Pike ( State Route 193 ) . The U.S. Census Bureau defines Dranesville as a census-designated place ( CDP ) with a population of 11,921 as of 2010 . The town is named for Washington Drane , a settler who moved there from the District of Columbia in 1810 and began the operation of Drane 's Tavern . The Dranesville Tavern is listed on the National Register of Historic Places ."}, {'url': '/wiki/SR_123_(VA)', 'summary': 'State Route 123 ( SR 123 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 29.27 miles ( 47.11 km ) from U.S. Route 1 ( US 1 ) in Woodbridge north to the Chain Bridge across the Potomac River into Washington from Arlington . It goes by three local names . From its southern terminus to the Occoquan River Bridge , it is known as Gordon Boulevard . From the Occoquan River Bridge to the city of Fairfax it is known as Ox Road . From Fairfax to its intersection with I-495 in Tysons Corner it is known as Chain Bridge Road . East of Tysons , it is known as Dolley Madison Boulevard . SR 123 is a partial circumferential highway in Northern Virginia that connects Woodbridge in eastern Prince William County with the independent city of Fairfax and the Fairfax County communities of Vienna , Tysons Corner , and McLean , the last being the home of the National Counterterrorism Center and the Central Intelligence Agency . The state highway also connects all of the major highways that radiate from Washington , including Interstate 95 , I-66 , US 29 , US 50 , SR 267 , and the George Washington Memorial Parkway . Furthermore , SR 123 crosses another pair of circumferential highways , I-495 and the Fairfax County Parkway , and SR 7 , a major northwest-southeast highway through Northern Virginia . The state highway is a part of the National Highway System for its entire length .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Langley,_VA', 'summary': "Langley is an unincorporated community in the census-designated place of McLean in Fairfax County , Virginia , United States . Langley is often used as a metonym for the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) , as it is home to its headquarters , the George Bush Center for Intelligence . The land which makes up Langley today once belonged to Thomas Lee , former Crown Governor of the Colony of Virginia from 1749 to 1750 . Lees land was named Langley in honor of Langley Hall , which was part of the Lee home estate in Shropshire , England . In 1839 , 700 acres ( 283 ha ) of land was purchased by Benjamin Mackall from the Lee family , while keeping the name . [ citation needed ] The community was essentially absorbed into McLean many years ago , although there is still a Langley High School . In addition to being a bedroom community for Washington , D.C. and home to the CIA 's headquarters , the area is the site of the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center of the Federal Highway Administration and the Claude Moore Colonial Farm of the National Park Service ."}]}, {'value': 'June 20 , 1974', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Very winding , highly used commuter route', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charles City / Henrico / James City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_City_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Charles City County is a historic county located in the U.S. commonwealth of Virginia . The county is situated southeast of Richmond and west of Jamestown . It is bounded on the south by the James River and on the east by the Chickahominy River . The area that would become Charles City County was first established as Charles Cittie by the Virginia Company in 1619 . It was one of the first four boroughs of Virginia , and was named in honor of Prince Charles , who would later become King Charles I of England . After Virginia became a royal colony , the borough was changed to Charles City Shire in 1634 , as one of the five original Shires of Virginia . It acquired the present name of Charles City County in 1643 . In the 21st century , Charles City County is part of the Greater Richmond Region of the state of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the county population was 7,256 ; it is still relatively rural and one of smaller counties in Virginia by population . Its county seat is the community of Charles City . Notable natives include the 9th and 10th Presidents of the United States , William Henry Harrison and John Tyler .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Henrico_County,_VA', 'summary': "Henrico County ( formerly Henrico Shire ) /hɛnˈraɪkoʊ/ , officially the County of Henrico , is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 306,935 . In 2018 , the population was estimated to be 329,261 , making it the fifth-most populous county in Virginia and the sixth-most populous county-equivalent in Virginia . Henrico County is included in the Greater Richmond Region . There is no incorporated community within Henrico County , therefore , there is no incorporated county seat either . Laurel , an unincorporated CDP , serves this function . Named after the Citie of Henricus , Henrico was organized in 1634 as one of the eight original Shires of Virginia . It is one of the United States ' oldest counties . The City of Richmond was officially part of Henrico County until 1842 , when it became a fully independent city . The present-day Henrico County curves around the City of Richmond , surrounding it to the west , the north , and the east . The county is bounded by the Chickahominy River to the north and the James River and Richmond to the south . Richmond Raceway is in the central portion of Henrico County near Mechanicsville , just north of the Richmond city limits ."}, {'url': '/wiki/James_City_County,_VA', 'summary': "James City County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was 67,009 . Although politically separate from the county , the county seat is the adjacent independent city of Williamsburg . Located on the Virginia Peninsula , James City County is included in the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News , VA-NC Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is often associated with Williamsburg , an independent city , and Jamestown which is within the county . As of 2007 [ update ] , the median household income was $ 70,487 . First settled by the English colonists in 1607 at Jamestown in the Virginia Colony , the County was formally created in 1634 as James City Shire by order of King Charles I. James City County is considered one of only five original shires of Virginia to still be extant today in essentially the same political form . The Jamestown 2007 celebration marked the 400th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown . James City County is home to the Busch Gardens Williamsburg theme park , the Kingsmill Resort , and the Williamsburg Pottery Factory . The Historic Jamestowne and Jamestown Settlement attractions combine with Colonial Williamsburg , and are linked to Yorktown by the National Park Service 's Colonial Parkway . Tourism is a major part of the region 's economy , as is high technology . The College of William and Mary is nearby , as well as NASA , Jefferson Laboratory , and numerous defense contractors , giving the region the highest concentration of scientists and engineers per capita in the nation ."}]}, {'value': 'SR 5 ( New Market Road / John Tyler Highway )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_5', 'summary': "State Route 5 ( SR 5 ) runs between the independent cities of Richmond and Williamsburg in the U.S. state of Virginia . Between Charles City County and James City County , it crosses the Chickahominy River via the Judith Stewart Dresser Bridge , a fixed-span bridge which replaced historic Barrett 's Ferry and the former drawbridge . The entire length of SR 5 outside Richmond and Williamsburg is a Virginia Byway ."}]}, {'value': 'Richmond to Williamsburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond,_VA', 'summary': "Richmond ( /ˈrɪtʃmənd/ ) is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Virginia . It is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) and the Greater Richmond Region . Richmond was incorporated in 1742 and has been an independent city since 1871 . As of the 2010 census , the city 's population was 204,214 ; in 2018 , the population was estimated to be 228,783 , making Richmond the fourth-most populous city in Virginia . The Richmond Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,260,029 , the third-most populous metro in the state . Richmond is at the fall line of the James River , 44 miles ( 71 km ) west of Williamsburg , 66 miles ( 106 km ) east of Charlottesville , 91 miles ( 146 km ) east of Lynchburg and 92 miles ( 148 km ) south of Washington , D.C . Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties , the city is at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64 and encircled by Interstate 295 , Virginia State Route 150 and Virginia State Route 288 . Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest , Chesterfield to the south , Varina to the southeast , Sandston to the east , Glen Allen to the north and west , Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast . The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy , and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown from 1609 to 1611 . The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737 . It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780 , replacing Williamsburg . During the Revolutionary War period , several notable events occurred in the city , including Patrick Henry 's Give me liberty or give me death speech in 1775 at St. John 's Church , and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Williamsburg,_VA', 'summary': "Williamsburg is a city in the U.S. state of Virginia . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the population was 14,068 . In 2018 , the population was estimated to be 14,896 . Located on the Virginia Peninsula , Williamsburg is in the northern part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area . It is bordered by James City County and York County . Williamsburg was founded in 1632 as Middle Plantation , a fortified settlement on high ground between the James and York rivers . The city served as the capital of the Colony and Commonwealth of Virginia from 1699 to 1780 and was the center of political events in Virginia leading to the American Revolution . The College of William & Mary , established in 1693 , is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and the only one of the nine colonial colleges located in the South ; its alumni include three U.S. Presidents as well as many other important figures in the nation 's early history . The city 's tourism-based economy is driven by Colonial Williamsburg , the restored Historic Area of the city . Along with nearby Jamestown and Yorktown , Williamsburg forms part of the Historic Triangle , which attracts more than four million tourists each year . Modern Williamsburg is also a college town , inhabited in large part by William & Mary students and staff ."}]}, {'value': 'August 21 , 1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'part of U.S. Bike Route 76 east of SR 156', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Bike_Route_76', 'summary': 'U.S . Bicycle Route 76 ( USBR 76 ) is a cross-country bicycle route east of Kansas in the United States . It is one of the two original U.S . Bicycle Routes , the other being U.S . Bicycle Route 1 . U.S . Bicycle Route 76 runs from the Midwestern state of Missouri to the eastern seaboard state of Virginia . It is also known as the TransAmerica Bike Route and is contained within the TransAmerica Bicycle Trail . A spur , U.S . Bicycle Route 176 , was established in Virginia in 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/SR_156_(VA)', 'summary': 'State Route 156 ( SR 156 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 57.38 miles ( 92.34 km ) from U.S. Route 301 ( US 301 ) and SR 35 in Templeton north to US 360 Business in Mechanicsville . SR 156 follows a circuitous route through the eastern part of the Richmond-Petersburg metropolitan area . South of the James River , the state highway connects Templeton in Prince George County with Hopewell , which is directly served by SR 156 Business . SR 156 crosses the James River on the Benjamin Harrison Memorial Bridge and briefly passes through Charles City County . For most of its length in Henrico and Hanover , the state highway is a rural road that provides access to several units of Richmond National Battlefield Park . However , SR 156 provides access to Richmond International Airport , Interstate 64 , and I-295 as it passes through the Richmond suburbs of Sandston and Highland Springs as a major highway .'}]}, {'value': 'Albemarle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albemarle_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Albemarle County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia . Its county seat is Charlottesville , which is an independent city and enclave entirely surrounded by the county . Albemarle County is part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the 2010 census , the population was 98,970 , in 2018 , it was estimated at 108,718 . Albemarle County was created in 1744 from the western portion of Goochland County , though portions of Albemarle were later carved out to create other counties . Albemarle County was named in honor of Willem Anne van Keppel , 2nd Earl of Albemarle . However , its most famous inhabitant was Thomas Jefferson , who built his estate home , Monticello , in the county .'}]}, {'value': 'SR 20 ( Scottsville Road )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_20', 'summary': 'State Route 20 ( SR 20 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 89.79 miles ( 144.50 km ) from U.S. Route 15 ( US 15 ) in Dillwyn north to SR 3 in Wilderness . SR 20 is a C-shaped route that connects Charlottesville with Farmville ( via US 15 ) in Southside Virginia . The state highway also links Charlottesville to Fredericksburg ( via SR 3 ) by way of Orange County , within which SR 20 is the main east-west highway and intersects US 15 again in the county seat of Orange . SR 20 is a Virginia Byway from Scottsville to Orange .'}]}, {'value': 'I-64 south of Charlottesville to James River in Scottsville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/I-64_(VA)', 'summary': 'Interstate 64 ( I-64 ) in the U.S. state of Virginia runs east-west through the middle of the state from West Virginia to the Hampton Roads region , for a total of 299 miles ( 481 km ) . It is notable for crossing the mouth of the harbor of Hampton Roads on the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel , the first bridge-tunnel to incorporate artificial islands . ( Concurrent with US Route 60 ) . Also noteworthy is a section through Rockfish Gap , a wind gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains , which was equipped with an innovative system of airport-style runway lighting embedded into the pavement to aid motorists during periods of poor visibility due to fog or other conditions .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charlottesville,_VA', 'summary': "Charlottesville , colloquially known as C'ville and officially named the City of Charlottesville , is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia . It is the county seat of Albemarle County , which surrounds the city , though the two are separate legal entities . It is named after the British Queen consort ( and Electress of Hanover ) Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , who as the wife of George III was Virginia 's last Queen . In 2018 , an estimated 48,117 people lived within the city limits . The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the City of Charlottesville with Albemarle County for statistical purposes , bringing its population to approximately 150,000 . Charlottesville is the heart of the Charlottesville metropolitan area , which includes Albemarle , Buckingham , Fluvanna , Greene , and Nelson counties . Charlottesville was the home of two Presidents , Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe . During their terms as Governor of Virginia , they lived in Charlottesville , and traveled to and from Richmond , along the 71-mile ( 114 km ) historic Three Notch 'd Road . Orange , located 26 miles ( 42 km ) northeast of the city , was the hometown of President James Madison . The University of Virginia , founded by Jefferson and one of the original Public Ivies , straddles the city 's southwestern border . Monticello , 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) southeast of the city , is , along with the University of Virginia , a UNESCO World Heritage Site , attracting thousands of tourists every year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/James_River', 'summary': "The James River is a river in the U.S. state of Virginia that begins in the Appalachian Mountains and flows 348 miles ( 560 km ) to Chesapeake Bay . The river length extends to 444 miles ( 715 km ) if one includes the Jackson River , the longer of its two source tributaries . It is the longest river in Virginia and the 12th longest river in the United States that remains entirely within a single state . Jamestown and Williamsburg , Virginias first colonial capitals , and Richmond , Virginia 's current capital , lie on the James River ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Scottsville,_VA', 'summary': 'Scottsville is a town in Albemarle and Fluvanna counties in the U.S. state of Virginia . The population was 566 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'August 19 , 1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'part of the Journey Through Hallowed Ground National Scenic Byway ( designated October 16 , 2009 ) north of SR 53', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Scenic_Byway', 'summary': "A National Scenic Byway is a road recognized by the United States Department of Transportation for one or more of six intrinsic qualities : archeological , cultural , historic , natural , recreational , and scenic . The program was established by Congress in 1991 to preserve and protect the nation 's scenic but often less-traveled roads and promote tourism and economic development . The National Scenic Byways Program ( NSBP ) is administered by the Federal Highway Administration ( FHWA ) . The most scenic byways are designated All-American Roads , which must meet two out of the six intrinsic qualities . The designation means they have features that do not exist elsewhere in the United States and are unique and important enough to be tourist destinations unto themselves . As of November 2010 , there are 120 National Scenic Byways and 31 All-American Roads , located in 46 states ( all except Hawaii , Nebraska , Rhode Island , and Texas ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/SR_53_(VA)', 'summary': 'State Route 53 ( SR 53 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . Known as Thomas Jefferson Parkway , the state highway runs 18.32 miles ( 29.48 km ) from SR 20 near Charlottesville east to U.S. Route 15 ( US 15 ) in Palmyra . SR 53 connects the county seats of Albemarle and Fluvanna counties . The state highway also provides access to the community of Lake Monticello and Monticello , the estate of Thomas Jefferson . The route of SR 53 became a state highway in 1930 ; the highway receives its present designation in 1947 .'}]}, {'value': 'Albemarle / Nelson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albemarle_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Albemarle County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia . Its county seat is Charlottesville , which is an independent city and enclave entirely surrounded by the county . Albemarle County is part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the 2010 census , the population was 98,970 , in 2018 , it was estimated at 108,718 . Albemarle County was created in 1744 from the western portion of Goochland County , though portions of Albemarle were later carved out to create other counties . Albemarle County was named in honor of Willem Anne van Keppel , 2nd Earl of Albemarle . However , its most famous inhabitant was Thomas Jefferson , who built his estate home , Monticello , in the county .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nelson_County,_VA', 'summary': "Nelson County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was estimated to be 15,020 . Its county seat is Lovingston . Nelson County is part of the Charlottesville , VA Metropolitan Statistical Area . Nelson County is home to Wintergreen Resort , a local ski area ; Swannanoa mansion and is the location of Walton 's Mountain made famous by the television show , The Waltons . Nelson County is also home to ten wineries , five craft breweries , two cideries , two distilleries , many fruit orchards and Crabtree Falls ."}]}, {'value': 'SR 6 / SR 151 ( Irish Road / River Road / Rockfish Valley Highway / Critzers Shop Road )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_6', 'summary': "State Route 6 ( SR 6 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . Known for most of its length as River Road , the state highway runs 102.26 miles ( 164.57 km ) from U.S. Route 250 ( US 250 ) in Afton east to SR 161 in Richmond . SR 6 is one of the main highways of mountainous Nelson County , where the highway runs north-south from its beginning to US 29 . From Scottsville to Richmond , the state highway parallels the James River . SR 6 is a major suburban highway through southwestern Henrico County and the main street of Richmond 's West End . SR 6 is a Virginia Byway from SR 151 at Avon to SR 650 near Manakin ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_151', 'summary': 'State Route 151 ( SR 151 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 35.22 miles ( 56.68 km ) from U.S. Route 29 ( US 29 ) at Buffalo Hill north to US 250 at Critzers Shop . SR 151 traverses the Blue Ridge foothills of western Nelson County , where the highway provides access to the Wintergreen Resort .'}]}, {'value': 'SR 20 in Scottsville to US 250 near Critzers Shop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SR_20_(VA)', 'summary': 'State Route 20 ( SR 20 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 89.79 miles ( 144.50 km ) from U.S. Route 15 ( US 15 ) in Dillwyn north to SR 3 in Wilderness . SR 20 is a C-shaped route that connects Charlottesville with Farmville ( via US 15 ) in Southside Virginia . The state highway also links Charlottesville to Fredericksburg ( via SR 3 ) by way of Orange County , within which SR 20 is the main east-west highway and intersects US 15 again in the county seat of Orange . SR 20 is a Virginia Byway from Scottsville to Orange .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Scottsville,_VA', 'summary': 'Scottsville is a town in Albemarle and Fluvanna counties in the U.S. state of Virginia . The population was 566 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/US_250_(VA)', 'summary': "U.S. Route 250 ( US 250 ) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Sandusky , Ohio to Richmond , Virginia . In Virginia , the highway runs 166.74 miles ( 268.34 km ) from the West Virginia state line near Hightown east to its eastern terminus at US 360 in Richmond . US 250 is the main east-west highway of Highland County , which is known as Virginia 's Little Switzerland ; the highway follows the path of the 19th century Staunton and Parkersburg Turnpike . From Staunton east to Richmond , the highway serves as the local complement to Interstate 64 ( I-64 ) , roughly following the 18th century Three Notch 'd Road through Waynesboro and Charlottesville on its way through the Shenandoah Valley , its crossing of the Blue Ridge Mountains at Rockfish Gap , and the Piedmont . In the Richmond metropolitan area , US 250 is known as Broad Street , a major thoroughfare through the city 's West End and downtown areas ."}]}, {'value': 'August 19 , 1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nelson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nelson_County,_VA', 'summary': "Nelson County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was estimated to be 15,020 . Its county seat is Lovingston . Nelson County is part of the Charlottesville , VA Metropolitan Statistical Area . Nelson County is home to Wintergreen Resort , a local ski area ; Swannanoa mansion and is the location of Walton 's Mountain made famous by the television show , The Waltons . Nelson County is also home to ten wineries , five craft breweries , two cideries , two distilleries , many fruit orchards and Crabtree Falls ."}]}, {'value': 'SR 56 ( Crabtree Falls Highway )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_56', 'summary': 'State Route 56 ( SR 56 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 60.87 miles ( 97.96 km ) from U.S. Route 11 ( US 11 ) at Steeles Tavern east to US 60 near Buckingham . SR 56 is the main east-west highway of Nelson County . The state highway connects the county seat of Lovingston with Buckingham to the east and the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Shenandoah Valley to the west .'}]}, {'value': 'Blue Ridge Parkway at Tye River Gap to SR 151 near Roseland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Parkway', 'summary': "The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and All-American Road in the United States , noted for its scenic beauty . The parkway , which is America 's longest linear park , runs for 469 miles ( 755 km ) through 29 Virginia and North Carolina counties , linking Shenandoah National Park to Great Smoky Mountains National Park . It runs mostly along the spine of the Blue Ridge , a major mountain chain that is part of the Appalachian Mountains . Its southern terminus is at U.S. 441 on the boundary between Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Cherokee Indian Reservation in North Carolina , from which it travels north to Shenandoah National Park in Virginia . The roadway continues through Shenandoah as Skyline Drive , a similar scenic road which is managed by a different National Park Service unit . Both Skyline Drive and the Virginia portion of the Blue Ridge Parkway are part of Virginia State Route 48 , though this designation is not signed . The parkway has been the most visited unit of the National Park System every year since 1946 except three ( 1949 , 2013 , and 2016 ) . Land on either side of the road is owned and maintained by the National Park Service , and in many places parkway land is bordered by United States Forest Service property . The parkway was on North Carolina 's version of the America the Beautiful quarter in 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/SR_151_(VA)', 'summary': 'State Route 151 ( SR 151 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 35.22 miles ( 56.68 km ) from U.S. Route 29 ( US 29 ) at Buffalo Hill north to US 250 at Critzers Shop . SR 151 traverses the Blue Ridge foothills of western Nelson County , where the highway provides access to the Wintergreen Resort .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Roseland,_VA', 'summary': 'Roseland is an unincorporated community in Nelson County , Virginia , United States . It was among the communities severely affected by flash flooding from Hurricane Camille in 1969 . Robert Rose was the founder and planted roses all across the area . Roseland is home to the Devils Backbone Brewing Company .'}]}, {'value': 'August 19 , 1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nelson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nelson_County,_VA', 'summary': "Nelson County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was estimated to be 15,020 . Its county seat is Lovingston . Nelson County is part of the Charlottesville , VA Metropolitan Statistical Area . Nelson County is home to Wintergreen Resort , a local ski area ; Swannanoa mansion and is the location of Walton 's Mountain made famous by the television show , The Waltons . Nelson County is also home to ten wineries , five craft breweries , two cideries , two distilleries , many fruit orchards and Crabtree Falls ."}]}, {'value': 'SR 151 ( Patrick Henry Highway / Rockfish Valley Highway )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_151', 'summary': 'State Route 151 ( SR 151 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 35.22 miles ( 56.68 km ) from U.S. Route 29 ( US 29 ) at Buffalo Hill north to US 250 at Critzers Shop . SR 151 traverses the Blue Ridge foothills of western Nelson County , where the highway provides access to the Wintergreen Resort .'}]}, {'value': 'SR 56 near Roseland to SR 6 at Martins Store', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SR_56_(VA)', 'summary': 'State Route 56 ( SR 56 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 60.87 miles ( 97.96 km ) from U.S. Route 11 ( US 11 ) at Steeles Tavern east to US 60 near Buckingham . SR 56 is the main east-west highway of Nelson County . The state highway connects the county seat of Lovingston with Buckingham to the east and the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Shenandoah Valley to the west .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Roseland,_VA', 'summary': 'Roseland is an unincorporated community in Nelson County , Virginia , United States . It was among the communities severely affected by flash flooding from Hurricane Camille in 1969 . Robert Rose was the founder and planted roses all across the area . Roseland is home to the Devils Backbone Brewing Company .'}, {'url': '/wiki/SR_6_(VA)', 'summary': "State Route 6 ( SR 6 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . Known for most of its length as River Road , the state highway runs 102.26 miles ( 164.57 km ) from U.S. Route 250 ( US 250 ) in Afton east to SR 161 in Richmond . SR 6 is one of the main highways of mountainous Nelson County , where the highway runs north-south from its beginning to US 29 . From Scottsville to Richmond , the state highway parallels the James River . SR 6 is a major suburban highway through southwestern Henrico County and the main street of Richmond 's West End . SR 6 is a Virginia Byway from SR 151 at Avon to SR 650 near Manakin ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Martins_Store,_VA', 'summary': 'Martins Store is an unincorporated community in Nelson County , Virginia , United States .'}]}, {'value': 'August 19 , 1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rockbridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rockbridge_County,_VA', 'summary': "Rockbridge County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was 22,307 . Its county seat is Lexington . The independent cities of Buena Vista ( 6,680 ) and Lexington ( 7,170 ) are both enclaved within the county 's geographical borders ."}]}, {'value': 'SR 39 ( Maury River Road )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_39', 'summary': 'State Route 39 ( SR 39 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 59.17 miles ( 95.22 km ) from the West Virginia state line near Mountain Grove , where the highway continues as West Virginia Route 39 ( WV 39 ) , east to U.S. Route 11 ( US 11 ) in East Lexington . SR 39 connects Lexington with several communities formed around hot springs in Bath County . In Rockbridge County , the state highway passes through the town of Goshen and Goshen Pass , a gorge formed by the Maury River . All of SR 39 is a Virginia Byway .'}]}, {'value': 'US 11 near East Lexington to SR 42 in Goshen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_11_(VA)', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 11 ( US 11 ) is a north-south United States highway that traverses through western Virginia , parallel to Interstate 81 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/East_Lexington,_VA', 'summary': 'East Lexington is a census-designated place in Rockbridge County , Virginia . The population at the 2010 Census was 1,463 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/SR_42_(VA)', 'summary': 'State Route 42 ( SR 42 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . Running parallel to and west of Interstate 81 , SR 42 consists of three sections with gaps filled by secondary routes in between . Some of SR 42 lies along the old Fincastle Turnpike . Another major piece , from near Clifton Forge to Buffalo Gap , parallels the old Virginia Central Railroad .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Goshen,_VA', 'summary': 'Goshen is a town in Rockbridge County , Virginia , United States . The population was 361 in the 2010 census . The town is known for hosting Goshen Scout Reservation , one of the largest Boy Scout camps in America .'}]}, {'value': 'January 20 , 1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clarke / Frederick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clarke_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Clarke County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was 14,034 . Its county seat is Berryville . Clarke County is included in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria , DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Frederick_County,_VA', 'summary': "Frederick County is located in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was 78,305 . Its county seat is Winchester . The county was formed in 1743 by the splitting of Orange County . It is Virginia 's northernmost county . Frederick County is included in the Winchester , VA-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia , DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area ."}]}, {'value': 'SR 723 ( Millwood Road / Carpers Valley Road )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_723', 'summary': 'State Route 723 ( SR 723 ) in the U.S. state of Virginia is a secondary route designation applied to multiple discontinuous road segments among the many counties . The list below describes the sections in each county that are designated SR 723 .'}]}, {'value': 'US 17 / US 50 near Berrys to US 17 / US 50 southeast of Winchester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_17_(VA)', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 17 ( US 17 ) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Punta Gorda , Florida to Winchester , Virginia . In Virginia , the U.S. Highway runs 255.83 miles ( 411.72 km ) from the North Carolina state line in Chesapeake north to its northern terminus at US 11 , US 50 , and US 522 in Winchester . US 17 is a major highway in the eastern half of Virginia . The U.S. Highway connects the Albemarle Region of North Carolina with the Hampton Roads metropolitan area . Within the urban area , US 17 passes through the South Hampton Roads cities of Chesapeake , Portsmouth , and Suffolk and the Virginia Peninsula city of Newport News . Between Yorktown and Fredericksburg , the U.S. Highway serves as the primary highway of the Middle Peninsula . At Fredericksburg , US 17 leaves the Atlantic coastal plain ; the highway passes through the Piedmont town of Warrenton and crosses the Blue Ridge Mountains on its way to Winchester in the Shenandoah Valley.The route from Tappahannock to Winchester roughly follows the Confederate March during the Civil War to Gettysburg .'}, {'url': '/wiki/US_50_(VA)', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 50 ( US 50 ) is a transcontinental highway which stretches from Ocean City , Maryland to West Sacramento , California . In the U.S. state of Virginia , US 50 extends 86 miles ( 138 km ) from the border with Washington DC at a Potomac River crossing at Rosslyn in Arlington County to the West Virginia state line near Gore in Frederick County .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Berrys,_VA', 'summary': "Berrys is an unincorporated community on the Shenandoah River in Clarke County , Virginia . Berrys was originally known as Berry 's Ferry for the ferry operated there . Today , Harry Flood Byrd Bridge spans the Shenandoah at Berrys carrying U.S. Route 50 and U.S. Route 17 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Winchester,_VA', 'summary': "Winchester is an independent city located in the northern portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia , United States . It is the county seat of Frederick County , although the two are separate jurisdictions . The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Winchester with surrounding Frederick County for statistical purposes . As of the 2010 census , the city 's population was 26,203 . As of 2018 , its population is an estimated 28,108 . Winchester is the principal city of the Winchester , Virginia-West Virginia , metropolitan statistical area , which is a part of the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area . Winchester is home to Shenandoah University and the Museum of the Shenandoah Valley ."}]}, {'value': 'July 14 , 1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'former alignment of US 50', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bath / Rockbridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bath_County,_VA', 'summary': "Bath County is a United States county located on the central western border of the Commonwealth of Virginia , on the West Virginia state line . As of the 2010 census , the population was 4,731 ; in 2018 , the population was estimated at 4,292 , it the second-least populous county in Virginia . Bath 's county seat is Warm Springs ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rockbridge_County,_VA', 'summary': "Rockbridge County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was 22,307 . Its county seat is Lexington . The independent cities of Buena Vista ( 6,680 ) and Lexington ( 7,170 ) are both enclaved within the county 's geographical borders ."}]}, {'value': 'SR 39 ( Mountain Valley Road )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_39', 'summary': 'State Route 39 ( SR 39 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 59.17 miles ( 95.22 km ) from the West Virginia state line near Mountain Grove , where the highway continues as West Virginia Route 39 ( WV 39 ) , east to U.S. Route 11 ( US 11 ) in East Lexington . SR 39 connects Lexington with several communities formed around hot springs in Bath County . In Rockbridge County , the state highway passes through the town of Goshen and Goshen Pass , a gorge formed by the Maury River . All of SR 39 is a Virginia Byway .'}]}, {'value': 'SR 42 in Goshen to West Virginia state line at Ryder Gap', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SR_42_(VA)', 'summary': 'State Route 42 ( SR 42 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . Running parallel to and west of Interstate 81 , SR 42 consists of three sections with gaps filled by secondary routes in between . Some of SR 42 lies along the old Fincastle Turnpike . Another major piece , from near Clifton Forge to Buffalo Gap , parallels the old Virginia Central Railroad .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Goshen,_VA', 'summary': 'Goshen is a town in Rockbridge County , Virginia , United States . The population was 361 in the 2010 census . The town is known for hosting Goshen Scout Reservation , one of the largest Boy Scout camps in America .'}, {'url': '/wiki/West_Virginia', 'summary': 'West Virginia ( /vərˈdʒɪniə/ ( listen ) ) is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States , and is also considered to be a part of the Mid-Atlantic Southeast Region . It is bordered by Pennsylvania to the north , Maryland to the east and northeast , Virginia to the southeast , Kentucky to the southwest , and Ohio to the northwest . West Virginia is the 41st largest state by area , and is ranked 38th in population . The capital and largest city is Charleston . West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861 , at the start of the American Civil War . Delegates from the Unionist counties of northwestern Virginia decided to break away from Virginia , which also included secessionist counties in the new state . West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 20 , 1863 , and was a key border state during the war . It was the only state to form by separating from a Confederate state , the first to separate from any state since Maine separated from Massachusetts , and was one of two states admitted to the Union during the American Civil War ( the other being Nevada ) . While a portion of its residents held slaves , most of the residents were yeoman farmers , and the delegates provided for gradual abolition of slavery in the new state Constitution . The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the Southern United States . However , the Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies the state as a part of the Mid-Atlantic region . The northern panhandle extends adjacent to Pennsylvania and Ohio , with the West Virginia cities of Wheeling and Weirton just across the border from the Pittsburgh metropolitan area , while Bluefield is less than 70 miles ( 110 km ) from North Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'October 27 , 1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tazewell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tazewell_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Tazewell County is a county located in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was 45,078 . Its county seat is Tazewell . Tazewell County is part of the Bluefield , WV-VA Micropolitan Statistical Area . Its economy was dependent on coal and iron of the Pocahontas Fields from the late 19th into the 20th century .'}]}, {'value': 'SR 623 ( Burkes Garden Road )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_623_(Tazewell_County)', 'summary': 'State Route 623 ( SR 623 ) in the U.S. state of Virginia is a secondary route designation applied to multiple discontinuous road segments among the many counties . The list below describes the sections in each county that are designated SR 623 .'}]}, {'value': 'SR 61 at Gratton to SR 667 in Burkes Garden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SR_61_(VA)', 'summary': "State Route 61 ( SR 61 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 48.16 miles ( 77.51 km ) from SR 16 in Tazewell east to U.S. Route 460 ( US 460 ) in Narrows . SR 61 passes through several narrow creek valleys as it parallels the West Virginia state line through Tazewell , Bland , and Giles counties . The only sizeable community between the highway 's endpoints is Rocky Gap , where the highway meets US 52 and Interstate 77 ( I-77 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gratton,_VA', 'summary': 'Gratton is a census-designated place in Tazewell County , Virginia . The population as of the 2010 census was 937 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Burkes_Garden', 'summary': "Burke 's Garden is an upland valley and unincorporated community in Tazewell County , Virginia , USA ."}]}, {'value': 'June 22 , 1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albemarle / Nelson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albemarle_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Albemarle County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia . Its county seat is Charlottesville , which is an independent city and enclave entirely surrounded by the county . Albemarle County is part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the 2010 census , the population was 98,970 , in 2018 , it was estimated at 108,718 . Albemarle County was created in 1744 from the western portion of Goochland County , though portions of Albemarle were later carved out to create other counties . Albemarle County was named in honor of Willem Anne van Keppel , 2nd Earl of Albemarle . However , its most famous inhabitant was Thomas Jefferson , who built his estate home , Monticello , in the county .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nelson_County,_VA', 'summary': "Nelson County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was estimated to be 15,020 . Its county seat is Lovingston . Nelson County is part of the Charlottesville , VA Metropolitan Statistical Area . Nelson County is home to Wintergreen Resort , a local ski area ; Swannanoa mansion and is the location of Walton 's Mountain made famous by the television show , The Waltons . Nelson County is also home to ten wineries , five craft breweries , two cideries , two distilleries , many fruit orchards and Crabtree Falls ."}]}, {'value': 'US 250 ( Ivy Road / Rockfish Gap Turnpike )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_250_in_Virginia', 'summary': "U.S. Route 250 ( US 250 ) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Sandusky , Ohio to Richmond , Virginia . In Virginia , the highway runs 166.74 miles ( 268.34 km ) from the West Virginia state line near Hightown east to its eastern terminus at US 360 in Richmond . US 250 is the main east-west highway of Highland County , which is known as Virginia 's Little Switzerland ; the highway follows the path of the 19th century Staunton and Parkersburg Turnpike . From Staunton east to Richmond , the highway serves as the local complement to Interstate 64 ( I-64 ) , roughly following the 18th century Three Notch 'd Road through Waynesboro and Charlottesville on its way through the Shenandoah Valley , its crossing of the Blue Ridge Mountains at Rockfish Gap , and the Piedmont . In the Richmond metropolitan area , US 250 is known as Broad Street , a major thoroughfare through the city 's West End and downtown areas ."}]}, {'value': 'US 29 near Charlottesville to Blue Ridge Parkway / Skyline Drive at Rockfish Gap', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_29_(VA)', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 29 ( US 29 ) is a major north-south route in the Commonwealth of Virginia . It covers 248 miles ( 399 km ) from the North Carolina border at the city of Danville to the Key Bridge in Washington , D.C . US 29 roughly bisects Virginia into eastern and western halves , and along with Interstate 81 in western Virginia , and 85/95 farther east , provides one of the major north-south routes through the Commonwealth . Since 1928 , when Virginia General Assembly passed Senate Bill 64 , much of US 29 in Virginia is known as the Seminole Trail . Through Northern Virginia , it is known as Lee Highway , except in Falls Church , where it acts as the east/west divider for city streets and is called North or South Washington Street . On April 7 , 1993 the Virginia General Assembly officially designated the entire length of US 29 from the North Carolina border to the Potomac River as the 29th Infantry Division Memorial Highway in honor of that Army unit , which , along with the 1st Infantry Division , formed the spearhead of the American infantry that landed on the morning of June 6 , 1944 on Omaha Beach in Normandy as part of the invasion of France to liberate that country during World War II . These divisions next fought their way across France , and into Germany . In addition , the name of this highway serves to honor many members of the Virginia Army National Guard who serve as part of this National Guard Division today . Signs indicating this designation have been placed periodically on both sides of US 29 . For most of its route through Virginia , US 29 has been constructed to be at least four lanes along its route , with the two short exceptions being where the highway passes through Manassas National Battlefield Park , where it is two lanes wide for approximately three miles , and through Fairfax and Arlington counties , where it is sometimes wider .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charlottesville,_VA', 'summary': "Charlottesville , colloquially known as C'ville and officially named the City of Charlottesville , is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia . It is the county seat of Albemarle County , which surrounds the city , though the two are separate legal entities . It is named after the British Queen consort ( and Electress of Hanover ) Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , who as the wife of George III was Virginia 's last Queen . In 2018 , an estimated 48,117 people lived within the city limits . The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the City of Charlottesville with Albemarle County for statistical purposes , bringing its population to approximately 150,000 . Charlottesville is the heart of the Charlottesville metropolitan area , which includes Albemarle , Buckingham , Fluvanna , Greene , and Nelson counties . Charlottesville was the home of two Presidents , Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe . During their terms as Governor of Virginia , they lived in Charlottesville , and traveled to and from Richmond , along the 71-mile ( 114 km ) historic Three Notch 'd Road . Orange , located 26 miles ( 42 km ) northeast of the city , was the hometown of President James Madison . The University of Virginia , founded by Jefferson and one of the original Public Ivies , straddles the city 's southwestern border . Monticello , 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) southeast of the city , is , along with the University of Virginia , a UNESCO World Heritage Site , attracting thousands of tourists every year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Parkway', 'summary': "The Blue Ridge Parkway is a National Parkway and All-American Road in the United States , noted for its scenic beauty . The parkway , which is America 's longest linear park , runs for 469 miles ( 755 km ) through 29 Virginia and North Carolina counties , linking Shenandoah National Park to Great Smoky Mountains National Park . It runs mostly along the spine of the Blue Ridge , a major mountain chain that is part of the Appalachian Mountains . Its southern terminus is at U.S. 441 on the boundary between Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Cherokee Indian Reservation in North Carolina , from which it travels north to Shenandoah National Park in Virginia . The roadway continues through Shenandoah as Skyline Drive , a similar scenic road which is managed by a different National Park Service unit . Both Skyline Drive and the Virginia portion of the Blue Ridge Parkway are part of Virginia State Route 48 , though this designation is not signed . The parkway has been the most visited unit of the National Park System every year since 1946 except three ( 1949 , 2013 , and 2016 ) . Land on either side of the road is owned and maintained by the National Park Service , and in many places parkway land is bordered by United States Forest Service property . The parkway was on North Carolina 's version of the America the Beautiful quarter in 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Skyline_Drive', 'summary': "Skyline Drive is a 105-mile ( 169 km ) road that runs the entire length of the National Park Service 's Shenandoah National Park in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia , generally along the ridge of the mountains . The drive 's northern terminus is at an intersection with U.S. Route 340 ( US 340 ) near Front Royal , and the southern terminus is at an interchange with US 250 near Interstate 64 ( I-64 ) in Rockfish Gap , where the road continues south as the Blue Ridge Parkway . The road has intermediate interchanges with US 211 in Thornton Gap and US 33 in Swift Run Gap . Skyline Drive is part of Virginia State Route 48 , which also includes the Virginia portion of the Blue Ridge Parkway , but this designation is not signed . A park entrance fee is charged at the four access points to the drive . Skyline Drive is a two-lane road that has 75 overlooks providing views of the Shenandoah Valley to the west and the Piedmont to the east . The drive provides access to numerous trails , including the Appalachian Trail , and it is also used for biking and horseback riding . Skyline Drive is the main road through Shenandoah National Park and has access to campgrounds , visitor centers , and resorts such as Skyland Resort and Big Meadows . The scenic drive is particularly popular in the fall for leaf peeping when the leaves are changing colors . Skyline Drive is designated a National Scenic Byway and a National Historic Landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Plans for the road date back to 1924 when a national park was planned in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia and the main feature was to be a sky-line drive providing views of the surrounding land . President Herbert Hoover , who had a summer home at Rapidan Camp , called for the construction of the road ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rockfish_Gap', 'summary': 'Rockfish Gap is a wind gap located in the Blue Ridge Mountains between Charlottesville and Waynesboro , Virginia , United States , through Afton Mountain , which is frequently used to refer to the gap . Joining the Shenandoah Valley to the Piedmont region of the state , it is the site of the mountain crossing of Interstate 64 , U.S. Route 250 , and the former Blue Ridge Railroad which later became part of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway and is currently part of the CSX line . With an elevation of about 1,900 feet ( 580 m ) , it is one of the lowest gaps between Manassas Gap and the James River . Rockfish Gap lies along a drainage divide between southeast-flowing streams that drain to the James River and northwest-flowing streams in the Shenandoah River system . The scenic Skyline Drive , which runs north through Shenandoah National Park to Front Royal , and the Blue Ridge Parkway , which runs south to a point near Cherokee , North Carolina , each generally following the mountain ridgetops , meet a short distance north of Rockfish Gap ( such that the roadway on the bridge over the gap is actually part of the Blue Ridge Parkway ) . The Appalachian Trail also passes through the gap .'}]}, {'value': 'December 17 , 1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Culpeper / Fauquier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Culpeper_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Culpeper County is a county in the central region of the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 46,689 . Its county seat and only incorporated community is Culpeper . Culpeper County is included in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria , DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fauquier_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Fauquier /fɔːˈkɪər/ is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was 65,203 . The county seat is Warrenton . Fauquier County is in Northern Virginia and is a part of the Washington metropolitan area . The county is one of the fastest-growing and highest-income counties in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'SR 802 ( Springs Road )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SR 229 near Jeffersonton to US 17 Bus . / US 29 Bus . in Warrenton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SR_229_(VA)', 'summary': 'State Route 229 ( SR 229 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . Known for most of its length as Rixeyville Road , the state highway runs 14.66 miles ( 23.59 km ) from U.S. Route 15 Business and US 29 Business in Culpeper north to US 211 near Waterloo . SR 229 connects Culpeper with Catalpa and Rixeyville in northern Culpeper County .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jeffersonton,_VA', 'summary': 'Jeffersonton is an unincorporated community in Culpeper County , Virginia , United States . Jeffersonton is 12.2 miles ( 19.6 km ) north-northeast of Culpeper .'}, {'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_17_Business_(Warrenton,_Virginia)', 'summary': 'A total of at least twenty-three special routes of U.S. Route 17 have existed .'}, {'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_29_Business_(Warrenton,_Virginia)', 'summary': 'Several special routes of U.S. Route 29 exist . In order from south to north they are as follows .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Warrenton,_VA', 'summary': 'Warrenton is a town in Fauquier County , Virginia , United States . The population was 9,611 at the 2010 census , up from 6,670 at the 2000 census . The estimated population in 2018 was 9,937 . Warrenton is the county seat of Fauquier County . It is at the junction of U.S. Route 15 , U.S. Route 17 , U.S. Route 29 , and U.S. Route 211 . The town is in the Piedmont region of Virginia , east of the Blue Ridge Mountains . The well-known Airlie Conference Center is 3 miles ( 5 km ) north of Warrenton , and the historic Vint Hill Farms military facility is 9 miles ( 14 km ) east . Fauquier Hospital is located in the town . Surrounded by Virginia wine and horse country , Warrenton is a popular destination outside Washington , D.C. Warrenton shares some services with the county , such as schools and the county landfill . The area was home to Bethel Military Academy .'}]}, {'value': 'September 15 , 1983', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fauquier / Loudoun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fauquier_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Fauquier /fɔːˈkɪər/ is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was 65,203 . The county seat is Warrenton . Fauquier County is in Northern Virginia and is a part of the Washington metropolitan area . The county is one of the fastest-growing and highest-income counties in the United States .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Loudoun_County,_VA', 'summary': "Loudoun County ( /ˈlaʊdən/ ) is located in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States . In 2018 , the population was estimated at 406,850 , making it Virginia 's third-most populous county . Loudoun County 's seat is Leesburg . Loudoun County is part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria , DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of 2015 [ update ] , Loudoun County had a median household income of $ 125,900 . Since 2008 , the county has been ranked first in the U.S. in median household income among jurisdictions with a population of 65,000 or more ."}]}, {'value': 'SR 245 ( Old Tavern Road ) / SR 626 ( Halfway Road )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_245', 'summary': 'State Route 245 ( SR 245 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . Known for most of its length as Old Tavern Road , the state highway runs 3.27 miles ( 5.26 km ) from U.S. Route 17 ( US 17 ) at Old Tavern north to SR 55 in The Plains in northern Fauquier County . SR 245 is a Virginia Byway .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_626_(Fauquier_County)', 'summary': 'State Route 626 ( SR 626 ) in the U.S. state of Virginia is a secondary route designation applied to multiple discontinuous road segments among the many counties . The list below describes the sections in each county that are designated SR 626 .'}]}, {'value': 'US 17 at Old Tavern to Middleburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_17_(VA)', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 17 ( US 17 ) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Punta Gorda , Florida to Winchester , Virginia . In Virginia , the U.S. Highway runs 255.83 miles ( 411.72 km ) from the North Carolina state line in Chesapeake north to its northern terminus at US 11 , US 50 , and US 522 in Winchester . US 17 is a major highway in the eastern half of Virginia . The U.S. Highway connects the Albemarle Region of North Carolina with the Hampton Roads metropolitan area . Within the urban area , US 17 passes through the South Hampton Roads cities of Chesapeake , Portsmouth , and Suffolk and the Virginia Peninsula city of Newport News . Between Yorktown and Fredericksburg , the U.S. Highway serves as the primary highway of the Middle Peninsula . At Fredericksburg , US 17 leaves the Atlantic coastal plain ; the highway passes through the Piedmont town of Warrenton and crosses the Blue Ridge Mountains on its way to Winchester in the Shenandoah Valley.The route from Tappahannock to Winchester roughly follows the Confederate March during the Civil War to Gettysburg .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Old_Tavern,_VA', 'summary': 'Old Tavern is an unincorporated community in Fauquier County , in the U.S. state of Virginia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Middleburg,_VA', 'summary': 'Middleburg is the southernmost town in Loudoun County , Virginia , United States , near the Fauquier County line . The population was 673 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'September 15 , 1983', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'former alignment of US 15', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_15_(VA)', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 15 ( US 15 ) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Walterboro , South Carolina to Painted Post , New York . In Virginia , the U.S. Highway runs 230.37 miles ( 370.74 km ) from the North Carolina state line near Clarksville north to the Maryland state line at the Potomac River near Lucketts . US 15 is a major north-south highway through the Piedmont of Virginia , connecting Clarksville and Farmville in Southside Virginia with Culpeper , Warrenton , and Leesburg in Northern Virginia .'}]}, {'value': 'Montgomery / Roanoke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montgomery_County,_VA', 'summary': "Montgomery County is a county located in the Valley and Ridge area of the U.S. state of Virginia . As population in the area increased , Montgomery County was formed in 1777 from Fincastle County , which in turn had been taken from Botetourt County . As of the 2010 census , the population was 94,392 . Its county seat is Christiansburg . Montgomery County is part of the Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford , VA Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is dominated economically by the presence of Virginia Tech , Virginia 's second largest public university , which is the county 's largest employer ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Roanoke_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Roanoke County is a county located in the U.S. state of the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was 92,376 . Its county seat is Salem . Roanoke County is part of the Roanoke , VA Metropolitan Statistical Area and located within the Roanoke Region of Virginia . The independent cities of Roanoke and Salem ( incorporated as such in 1884 and 1968 respectively ) are located within the boundaries of Roanoke County , but are not a part of the county . The town of Vinton is the only municipality within the county . While significant areas of the county are rural and mountainous , most residents live in the suburbs near Roanoke and Salem in the Roanoke Valley .'}]}, {'value': 'SR 785 ( Catawba Road / Blacksburg Road )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_785', 'summary': 'State Route 785 ( SR 785 ) in the U.S. state of Virginia is a secondary route designation applied to multiple discontinuous road segments among the many counties . The list below describes the sections in each county that are designated SR 785 .'}]}, {'value': 'SR 723 at Lusters Gate to SR 311 near Catawba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SR_311_(VA)', 'summary': 'Virginia State Route 311 ( SR 311 ) and West Virginia Route 311 ( WV 311 ) are adjoining state highways in the U.S. states of Virginia and West Virginia . The two state highways together run 58.7 miles ( 94.5 km ) from U.S. Route 11 in Salem , Virginia north to Interstate 64 and U.S. Route 60 near White Sulphur Springs , West Virginia . The two Virginia portions of Route 311 are maintained by the Virginia Department of Transportation , with the exception of the city-maintained portion within Salem . The West Virginia segments are maintained by the West Virginia Division of Highways . SR 311 is a Virginia Byway north of SR 419 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Catawba,_VA', 'summary': 'Catawba is an unincorporated community in the northern section of Roanoke County , Virginia , United States . Catawba occupies the Catawba Valley bound on the south by the north slope of Catawba Mountain and on the north by several mountains which form the border between Roanoke County and Craig County . The primary road through Catawba is State Route 311 . Catawba has a post office with the zip code of 24070 . Catawba is known as a rural enclave of the Roanoke Valley with its farms , bed and breakfasts , and the Homeplace Restaurant . The Catawba Hospital , a mental health facility operated by the Commonwealth of Virginia , is near Route 311 and traces its history back to a resort established in 1857 to take advantage of the believed healing properties of a sulfur and limestone spring . Route 311 intersects State Route 785 , which connects to Blacksburg , and State Route 779 , which connects to Daleville , in Catawba .'}]}, {'value': 'May 15 , 1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'part of U.S. Bike Route 76 ; former SR 114', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Bike_Route_76', 'summary': 'U.S . Bicycle Route 76 ( USBR 76 ) is a cross-country bicycle route east of Kansas in the United States . It is one of the two original U.S . Bicycle Routes , the other being U.S . Bicycle Route 1 . U.S . Bicycle Route 76 runs from the Midwestern state of Missouri to the eastern seaboard state of Virginia . It is also known as the TransAmerica Bike Route and is contained within the TransAmerica Bicycle Trail . A spur , U.S . Bicycle Route 176 , was established in Virginia in 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/SR_114_(VA)', 'summary': 'State Route 114 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . Known as Peppers Ferry Road , the state highway runs 10.32 miles ( 16.61 km ) from U.S. Route 11 ( US 11 ) in Fairlawn east to US 460 in Christiansburg . SR 114 is the northernmost of three east-west highways between Radford and Christiansburg and the most direct highway between Radford and Blacksburg . The state highway also connects those cities with the Radford Army Ammunition Plant .'}]}, {'value': 'Fluvanna / Goochland / Henrico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fluvanna_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Fluvanna County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was 25,691 . Its county seat is Palmyra . Fluvanna County is part of the Charlottesville , Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Goochland_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Goochland County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia . Its southern border is formed by the James River . As of the 2010 census , the population was 21,717 . Its county seat is Goochland . Goochland County is included in the Greater Richmond Region .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Henrico_County,_VA', 'summary': "Henrico County ( formerly Henrico Shire ) /hɛnˈraɪkoʊ/ , officially the County of Henrico , is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 306,935 . In 2018 , the population was estimated to be 329,261 , making it the fifth-most populous county in Virginia and the sixth-most populous county-equivalent in Virginia . Henrico County is included in the Greater Richmond Region . There is no incorporated community within Henrico County , therefore , there is no incorporated county seat either . Laurel , an unincorporated CDP , serves this function . Named after the Citie of Henricus , Henrico was organized in 1634 as one of the eight original Shires of Virginia . It is one of the United States ' oldest counties . The City of Richmond was officially part of Henrico County until 1842 , when it became a fully independent city . The present-day Henrico County curves around the City of Richmond , surrounding it to the west , the north , and the east . The county is bounded by the Chickahominy River to the north and the James River and Richmond to the south . Richmond Raceway is in the central portion of Henrico County near Mechanicsville , just north of the Richmond city limits ."}]}, {'value': 'SR 6 / SR 650 ( River Road )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_6', 'summary': "State Route 6 ( SR 6 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . Known for most of its length as River Road , the state highway runs 102.26 miles ( 164.57 km ) from U.S. Route 250 ( US 250 ) in Afton east to SR 161 in Richmond . SR 6 is one of the main highways of mountainous Nelson County , where the highway runs north-south from its beginning to US 29 . From Scottsville to Richmond , the state highway parallels the James River . SR 6 is a major suburban highway through southwestern Henrico County and the main street of Richmond 's West End . SR 6 is a Virginia Byway from SR 151 at Avon to SR 650 near Manakin ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_650_(Goochland_County)', 'summary': 'State Route 650 ( SR 650 ) in the U.S. state of Virginia is a secondary route designation applied to multiple discontinuous road segments among the many counties . The list below describes the sections in each county that are designated SR 650 .'}]}, {'value': 'Scottsville to SR 150 near Tuckahoe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scottsville,_VA', 'summary': 'Scottsville is a town in Albemarle and Fluvanna counties in the U.S. state of Virginia . The population was 566 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/SR_150_(VA)', 'summary': 'State Route 150 ( SR 150 ) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . Known as Chippenham Parkway , the state highway runs 15.19 miles ( 24.45 km ) from Interstate 95 ( I-95 ) and SR 895 in Bensley north to Parham Road and River Road near Tuckahoe in Henrico County . SR 150 is a four- to six-lane circumferential highway that connects the Chesterfield County suburbs of Richmond with western Henrico County and , via SR 895 , eastern Henrico County and Richmond International Airport . The highway is a freeway except for a short stretch east of SR 147 in Richmond . SR 150 has junctions with all of the radial highways south of the James River , including I-95 , U.S. Route 1 , US 301 , US 360 , US 60 , and SR 76 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tuckahoe,_VA', 'summary': "Tuckahoe is a census-designated place in Henrico County , Virginia , United States . It is an upper middle class suburb to the west of Richmond and home to some of the most expensive homes in the Richmond area along with the neighboring sections of Richmond City and Goochland County . The population of Tuckahoe was 44,990 at the 2010 census. , It is named after the area 's history as the site of Thomas Randolph 's Tuckahoe Plantation which still stands along the James River ."}]}, {'value': 'January 15 , 1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amherst / Rockbridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amherst_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Amherst County is a county , located in the Piedmont region and near the center of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States . The county is part of the Lynchburg , VA Metropolitan Statistical Area , and its county seat is also named Amherst . Amherst County was created in 1761 out of Albemarle County , and it was named in honor of Lord Jeffery Amherst , the so-called Conqueror of Canada . In 1807 as population increased , the county was reduced in size in order to form Nelson County . Tobacco was the major cash crop of the county during its early years . The labor-intensive crop was worked and processed by enslaved Africans and African Americans before the American Civil War . As of the 2010 census , the population of the rural county was 32,353 , a small increase from the 31,894 people reported in the 2000 census .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rockbridge_County,_VA', 'summary': "Rockbridge County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was 22,307 . Its county seat is Lexington . The independent cities of Buena Vista ( 6,680 ) and Lexington ( 7,170 ) are both enclaved within the county 's geographical borders ."}]}, {'value': 'SR 130 ( Elon Road / Wert Faulkner Highway )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_130', 'summary': 'State Route 130 ( SR 130 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 34.69 miles ( 55.83 km ) from U.S. Route 11 ( US 11 ) at Natural Bridge east to SR 669 and SR 670 east of US 29 near Madison Heights . SR 130 runs concurrently with US 501 from Glasgow through the James River gorge through the Blue Ridge Mountains , connecting eastern Rockbridge County with western and southern Amherst County near Lynchburg . SR 130 is a Virginia Byway west of US 29 Business near Madison Heights .'}]}, {'value': 'US 29 Bus . near Madison Heights to US 11 at Natural Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_29_Business_(Madison_Heights,_Virginia)', 'summary': 'Several special routes of U.S. Route 29 exist . In order from south to north they are as follows .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Madison_Heights,_VA', 'summary': 'Madison Heights is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Amherst County , Virginia , United States . The population was 11,285 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Lynchburg Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/US_11_(VA)', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 11 ( US 11 ) is a north-south United States highway that traverses through western Virginia , parallel to Interstate 81 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Natural_Bridge,_VA', 'summary': 'Natural Bridge is an unincorporated community in Rockbridge County , Virginia , United States . The community is the site of Natural Bridge , a natural arch which gives the town its name . Natural Bridge is located at the junction of U.S. Route 11 and State Route 130 . Natural Bridge has a post office with ZIP code 24578 , which opened on June 1 , 1800 .'}]}, {'value': 'January 15 , 1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albemarle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albemarle_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Albemarle County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia . Its county seat is Charlottesville , which is an independent city and enclave entirely surrounded by the county . Albemarle County is part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the 2010 census , the population was 98,970 , in 2018 , it was estimated at 108,718 . Albemarle County was created in 1744 from the western portion of Goochland County , though portions of Albemarle were later carved out to create other counties . Albemarle County was named in honor of Willem Anne van Keppel , 2nd Earl of Albemarle . However , its most famous inhabitant was Thomas Jefferson , who built his estate home , Monticello , in the county .'}]}, {'value': 'SR 601 / SR 676 / SR 614 ( Garth Road )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_601_(Albemarle_County)', 'summary': 'State Route 601 ( SR 601 ) in the U.S. state of Virginia is a secondary route designation applied to multiple discontinuous road segments among the many counties . The list below describes the sections in each county that are designated SR 601 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_676_(Albemarle_County)', 'summary': 'State Route 676 ( SR 676 ) in the U.S. state of Virginia is a secondary route designation applied to multiple discontinuous road segments among the many counties . The list below describes the sections in each county that are designated SR 676 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_614_(Albemarle_County)', 'summary': 'State Route 614 ( SR 614 ) in the U.S. state of Virginia is a secondary route designation applied to multiple discontinuous road segments among the many counties . The list below describes the sections in each county that are designated SR 614 .'}]}, {'value': 'US 29 / US 250 near Charlottesville to SR 810 at White Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_29_(VA)', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 29 ( US 29 ) is a major north-south route in the Commonwealth of Virginia . It covers 248 miles ( 399 km ) from the North Carolina border at the city of Danville to the Key Bridge in Washington , D.C . US 29 roughly bisects Virginia into eastern and western halves , and along with Interstate 81 in western Virginia , and 85/95 farther east , provides one of the major north-south routes through the Commonwealth . Since 1928 , when Virginia General Assembly passed Senate Bill 64 , much of US 29 in Virginia is known as the Seminole Trail . Through Northern Virginia , it is known as Lee Highway , except in Falls Church , where it acts as the east/west divider for city streets and is called North or South Washington Street . On April 7 , 1993 the Virginia General Assembly officially designated the entire length of US 29 from the North Carolina border to the Potomac River as the 29th Infantry Division Memorial Highway in honor of that Army unit , which , along with the 1st Infantry Division , formed the spearhead of the American infantry that landed on the morning of June 6 , 1944 on Omaha Beach in Normandy as part of the invasion of France to liberate that country during World War II . These divisions next fought their way across France , and into Germany . In addition , the name of this highway serves to honor many members of the Virginia Army National Guard who serve as part of this National Guard Division today . Signs indicating this designation have been placed periodically on both sides of US 29 . For most of its route through Virginia , US 29 has been constructed to be at least four lanes along its route , with the two short exceptions being where the highway passes through Manassas National Battlefield Park , where it is two lanes wide for approximately three miles , and through Fairfax and Arlington counties , where it is sometimes wider .'}, {'url': '/wiki/US_250_(VA)', 'summary': "U.S. Route 250 ( US 250 ) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Sandusky , Ohio to Richmond , Virginia . In Virginia , the highway runs 166.74 miles ( 268.34 km ) from the West Virginia state line near Hightown east to its eastern terminus at US 360 in Richmond . US 250 is the main east-west highway of Highland County , which is known as Virginia 's Little Switzerland ; the highway follows the path of the 19th century Staunton and Parkersburg Turnpike . From Staunton east to Richmond , the highway serves as the local complement to Interstate 64 ( I-64 ) , roughly following the 18th century Three Notch 'd Road through Waynesboro and Charlottesville on its way through the Shenandoah Valley , its crossing of the Blue Ridge Mountains at Rockfish Gap , and the Piedmont . In the Richmond metropolitan area , US 250 is known as Broad Street , a major thoroughfare through the city 's West End and downtown areas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Charlottesville,_VA', 'summary': "Charlottesville , colloquially known as C'ville and officially named the City of Charlottesville , is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia . It is the county seat of Albemarle County , which surrounds the city , though the two are separate legal entities . It is named after the British Queen consort ( and Electress of Hanover ) Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , who as the wife of George III was Virginia 's last Queen . In 2018 , an estimated 48,117 people lived within the city limits . The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the City of Charlottesville with Albemarle County for statistical purposes , bringing its population to approximately 150,000 . Charlottesville is the heart of the Charlottesville metropolitan area , which includes Albemarle , Buckingham , Fluvanna , Greene , and Nelson counties . Charlottesville was the home of two Presidents , Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe . During their terms as Governor of Virginia , they lived in Charlottesville , and traveled to and from Richmond , along the 71-mile ( 114 km ) historic Three Notch 'd Road . Orange , located 26 miles ( 42 km ) northeast of the city , was the hometown of President James Madison . The University of Virginia , founded by Jefferson and one of the original Public Ivies , straddles the city 's southwestern border . Monticello , 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) southeast of the city , is , along with the University of Virginia , a UNESCO World Heritage Site , attracting thousands of tourists every year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/White_Hall,_Albemarle_County,_Virginia', 'summary': "White Hall is an unincorporated community in Albemarle County , Virginia . Whitehall , in the northwestern portion of the county , was an election precinct known as Glenn 's Store , William Maupin 's Store , Maupin 's Tavern , Miller 's Store , Shumate 's Tavern , until 1835 . Then , it was named Whitehall for a White family living in the community . Pop . 55 ; elev . 722 . Whitehall was an election district , and was also previously named Glenn 's Store ; William Maupin 's Store ; Maupin 's Tavern ; Miller 's Tavern ; Shumate 's Tavern , until the present name was established in 1835 . The Virginia house of Delegates passed Bill 111 on December 19 , 1849 for a survey of a road from Shumate 's Tavern to Covington , Virginia in Alleghany County , Virginia . In January 1849 a grant in aid was proposed to intersect the turnpike from Vance 's on the Huntersville and Warm Springs Turnpike to the Jackson 's River Turnpike at John Shumate 's Tavern , a distance of about 15 miles ."}]}, {'value': 'July 16 , 1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'part of U.S. Bike Route 76', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Bike_Route_76', 'summary': 'U.S . Bicycle Route 76 ( USBR 76 ) is a cross-country bicycle route east of Kansas in the United States . It is one of the two original U.S . Bicycle Routes , the other being U.S . Bicycle Route 1 . U.S . Bicycle Route 76 runs from the Midwestern state of Missouri to the eastern seaboard state of Virginia . It is also known as the TransAmerica Bike Route and is contained within the TransAmerica Bicycle Trail . A spur , U.S . Bicycle Route 176 , was established in Virginia in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Albemarle / Orange', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albemarle_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Albemarle County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia . Its county seat is Charlottesville , which is an independent city and enclave entirely surrounded by the county . Albemarle County is part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the 2010 census , the population was 98,970 , in 2018 , it was estimated at 108,718 . Albemarle County was created in 1744 from the western portion of Goochland County , though portions of Albemarle were later carved out to create other counties . Albemarle County was named in honor of Willem Anne van Keppel , 2nd Earl of Albemarle . However , its most famous inhabitant was Thomas Jefferson , who built his estate home , Monticello , in the county .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Orange_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Orange County is a county located in the Central Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia . At the 2010 census , the population was 33,481 . Its county seat is Orange . Orange County includes Montpelier , the 2,700-acre ( 1,100 ha ) estate of James Madison , the 4th President of the United States and often known as the Father of the Constitution . The county celebrated its 275th anniversary in 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'SR 20 ( Stony Point Road / Constitution Highway )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_20', 'summary': 'State Route 20 ( SR 20 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 89.79 miles ( 144.50 km ) from U.S. Route 15 ( US 15 ) in Dillwyn north to SR 3 in Wilderness . SR 20 is a C-shaped route that connects Charlottesville with Farmville ( via US 15 ) in Southside Virginia . The state highway also links Charlottesville to Fredericksburg ( via SR 3 ) by way of Orange County , within which SR 20 is the main east-west highway and intersects US 15 again in the county seat of Orange . SR 20 is a Virginia Byway from Scottsville to Orange .'}]}, {'value': 'US 250 east of Charlottesville to US 15 in Orange', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_250_(VA)', 'summary': "U.S. Route 250 ( US 250 ) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Sandusky , Ohio to Richmond , Virginia . In Virginia , the highway runs 166.74 miles ( 268.34 km ) from the West Virginia state line near Hightown east to its eastern terminus at US 360 in Richmond . US 250 is the main east-west highway of Highland County , which is known as Virginia 's Little Switzerland ; the highway follows the path of the 19th century Staunton and Parkersburg Turnpike . From Staunton east to Richmond , the highway serves as the local complement to Interstate 64 ( I-64 ) , roughly following the 18th century Three Notch 'd Road through Waynesboro and Charlottesville on its way through the Shenandoah Valley , its crossing of the Blue Ridge Mountains at Rockfish Gap , and the Piedmont . In the Richmond metropolitan area , US 250 is known as Broad Street , a major thoroughfare through the city 's West End and downtown areas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Charlottesville,_VA', 'summary': "Charlottesville , colloquially known as C'ville and officially named the City of Charlottesville , is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia . It is the county seat of Albemarle County , which surrounds the city , though the two are separate legal entities . It is named after the British Queen consort ( and Electress of Hanover ) Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , who as the wife of George III was Virginia 's last Queen . In 2018 , an estimated 48,117 people lived within the city limits . The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the City of Charlottesville with Albemarle County for statistical purposes , bringing its population to approximately 150,000 . Charlottesville is the heart of the Charlottesville metropolitan area , which includes Albemarle , Buckingham , Fluvanna , Greene , and Nelson counties . Charlottesville was the home of two Presidents , Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe . During their terms as Governor of Virginia , they lived in Charlottesville , and traveled to and from Richmond , along the 71-mile ( 114 km ) historic Three Notch 'd Road . Orange , located 26 miles ( 42 km ) northeast of the city , was the hometown of President James Madison . The University of Virginia , founded by Jefferson and one of the original Public Ivies , straddles the city 's southwestern border . Monticello , 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) southeast of the city , is , along with the University of Virginia , a UNESCO World Heritage Site , attracting thousands of tourists every year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/US_15_(VA)', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 15 ( US 15 ) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Walterboro , South Carolina to Painted Post , New York . In Virginia , the U.S. Highway runs 230.37 miles ( 370.74 km ) from the North Carolina state line near Clarksville north to the Maryland state line at the Potomac River near Lucketts . US 15 is a major north-south highway through the Piedmont of Virginia , connecting Clarksville and Farmville in Southside Virginia with Culpeper , Warrenton , and Leesburg in Northern Virginia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Orange,_VA', 'summary': "Orange is a town in , and county seat of , Orange County , Virginia , United States . The population was 4,721 at the 2010 census , representing a 14.5% increase since the 2000 census . Orange is 28 miles ( 45 km ) northeast of Charlottesville , 88 miles ( 142 km ) southwest of Washington , D.C. , and 4 miles ( 6 km ) east of James Madison 's plantation of Montpelier ."}]}, {'value': 'November 19 , 1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'part of the Journey Through Hallowed Ground National Scenic Byway ( designated October 16 , 2009 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Scenic_Byway', 'summary': "A National Scenic Byway is a road recognized by the United States Department of Transportation for one or more of six intrinsic qualities : archeological , cultural , historic , natural , recreational , and scenic . The program was established by Congress in 1991 to preserve and protect the nation 's scenic but often less-traveled roads and promote tourism and economic development . The National Scenic Byways Program ( NSBP ) is administered by the Federal Highway Administration ( FHWA ) . The most scenic byways are designated All-American Roads , which must meet two out of the six intrinsic qualities . The designation means they have features that do not exist elsewhere in the United States and are unique and important enough to be tourist destinations unto themselves . As of November 2010 , there are 120 National Scenic Byways and 31 All-American Roads , located in 46 states ( all except Hawaii , Nebraska , Rhode Island , and Texas ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Albemarle / Louisa / Orange', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albemarle_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Albemarle County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia . Its county seat is Charlottesville , which is an independent city and enclave entirely surrounded by the county . Albemarle County is part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the 2010 census , the population was 98,970 , in 2018 , it was estimated at 108,718 . Albemarle County was created in 1744 from the western portion of Goochland County , though portions of Albemarle were later carved out to create other counties . Albemarle County was named in honor of Willem Anne van Keppel , 2nd Earl of Albemarle . However , its most famous inhabitant was Thomas Jefferson , who built his estate home , Monticello , in the county .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Louisa_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Louisa County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was 33,153 . The county seat is Louisa .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Orange_County,_VA', 'summary': 'Orange County is a county located in the Central Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia . At the 2010 census , the population was 33,481 . Its county seat is Orange . Orange County includes Montpelier , the 2,700-acre ( 1,100 ha ) estate of James Madison , the 4th President of the United States and often known as the Father of the Constitution . The county celebrated its 275th anniversary in 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'SR 22 ( Louisa Road ) / SR 231 ( Gordonsville Road )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_22', 'summary': 'State Route 22 ( SR 22 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 29.81 miles ( 47.97 km ) from U.S. Route 250 in Shadwell east to US 522 and SR 208 in Mineral . SR 22 is one of two primary east-west highways in Louisa County , connecting the county seat of Louisa with Charlottesville and Mineral . The state highway runs concurrently with US 33 through Louisa and with SR 208 between Louisa and Mineral .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_231', 'summary': 'State Route 231 ( SR 231 ) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia . The state highway runs 49.82 miles ( 80.18 km ) from SR 22 in Cismont north to U.S. Route 522 ( US 522 ) near Sperryville . SR 231 forms part of the connection between Charlottesville and Gordonsville , where the highway meets US 15 and US 33 . The state highway also serves as the main north-south highway of Madison County , connecting the county seat of Madison , where the highway intersects US 29 , with Gordonsville to the south and passing through the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains to the north . Almost all of SR 231 is a Virginia Byway .'}]}, {'value': 'US 250 at Shadwell to US 15 / US 33 in Gordonsville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_250_(VA)', 'summary': "U.S. Route 250 ( US 250 ) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Sandusky , Ohio to Richmond , Virginia . In Virginia , the highway runs 166.74 miles ( 268.34 km ) from the West Virginia state line near Hightown east to its eastern terminus at US 360 in Richmond . US 250 is the main east-west highway of Highland County , which is known as Virginia 's Little Switzerland ; the highway follows the path of the 19th century Staunton and Parkersburg Turnpike . From Staunton east to Richmond , the highway serves as the local complement to Interstate 64 ( I-64 ) , roughly following the 18th century Three Notch 'd Road through Waynesboro and Charlottesville on its way through the Shenandoah Valley , its crossing of the Blue Ridge Mountains at Rockfish Gap , and the Piedmont . In the Richmond metropolitan area , US 250 is known as Broad Street , a major thoroughfare through the city 's West End and downtown areas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shadwell,_VA', 'summary': 'Shadwell is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Albemarle County , Virginia , United States , located by the Rivanna River near Charlottesville . The site today is marked by a Virginia Historical Marker to mark the birthplace of President Thomas Jefferson . It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with Clifton . Before early colonists moved into the Shadwell area , Monacan people had trails that traversed what became Shadwell . Peter Jefferson , the father of President Thomas Jefferson established and named the Shadwell plantation in the mid-18th century . Four generations of the Jefferson family lived at Shadwell . Initially , it was a plantation worked by enslaved and free people and grew tobacco , grain , and clover . Then , a grist mill , sawmill , and carding factory expanded the Shadwell economy . Canals and locks were constructed in the Rivanna River to transport goods , including lumber , flour , grain , and cotton-yard . After the carding factory burned down in the 1850s and the Louisa Railroad was completed , Shadwell began to decline economically . After that , the Shadwell estate became a farm , operated by Downing Smith . In 1991 , an archaeological study found remnants of foundations and cellars of two houses , one of which is believed to be the original Jefferson house .'}, {'url': '/wiki/US_15_(VA)', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 15 ( US 15 ) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Walterboro , South Carolina to Painted Post , New York . In Virginia , the U.S. Highway runs 230.37 miles ( 370.74 km ) from the North Carolina state line near Clarksville north to the Maryland state line at the Potomac River near Lucketts . US 15 is a major north-south highway through the Piedmont of Virginia , connecting Clarksville and Farmville in Southside Virginia with Culpeper , Warrenton , and Leesburg in Northern Virginia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/US_33_(VA)', 'summary': "U.S. Route 33 ( US 33 ) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Elkhart , Indiana to Richmond , Virginia . In Virginia , the U.S. Highway runs 135.60 miles ( 218.23 km ) from the West Virginia state line near Rawley Springs east to its eastern terminus at SR 33 in Richmond . US 33 is the primary east-west highway of Rockingham County , which lies in the Shenandoah Valley . The highway connects the independent city of Harrisonburg ( which also serves as the seat of Rockingham County ) , the town of Elkton , and an entrance to Shenandoah National Park . East of the Blue Ridge Mountains , US 33 connects the Piedmont communities of Stanardsville , Gordonsville , and Louisa . The U.S. Highway is a major suburban and urban route in the Richmond metropolitan area . Within Richmond , US 33 runs concurrently with US 250 . SR 33 continues from US 33 's eastern terminus as a state-numbered extension of the U.S. Highway that connects Richmond with Virginia 's Middle Peninsula ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gordonsville,_VA', 'summary': "Gordonsville is a town in Orange County in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States . Located about 19 miles northeast of Charlottesville and 65 miles northwest of Richmond , the population was 1,496 at the 2010 census . The town celebrated its bicentennial in 2013 , two hundred years after local innkeeper Nathaniel Gordon was appointed the area 's first postmaster , thus officially creating the area known as Gordonsville . It was strategically important during the Civil War , due to its location on the Virginia Central Railroad ."}]}, {'value': 'November 19 , 1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'part of the Journey Through Hallowed Ground National Scenic Byway ( designated October 16 , 2009 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Scenic_Byway', 'summary': "A National Scenic Byway is a road recognized by the United States Department of Transportation for one or more of six intrinsic qualities : archeological , cultural , historic , natural , recreational , and scenic . The program was established by Congress in 1991 to preserve and protect the nation 's scenic but often less-traveled roads and promote tourism and economic development . The National Scenic Byways Program ( NSBP ) is administered by the Federal Highway Administration ( FHWA ) . The most scenic byways are designated All-American Roads , which must meet two out of the six intrinsic qualities . The designation means they have features that do not exist elsewhere in the United States and are unique and important enough to be tourist destinations unto themselves . As of November 2010 , there are 120 National Scenic Byways and 31 All-American Roads , located in 46 states ( all except Hawaii , Nebraska , Rhode Island , and Texas ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Loudoun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Loudoun_County,_VA', 'summary': "Loudoun County ( /ˈlaʊdən/ ) is located in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States . In 2018 , the population was estimated at 406,850 , making it Virginia 's third-most populous county . Loudoun County 's seat is Leesburg . Loudoun County is part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria , DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of 2015 [ update ] , Loudoun County had a median household income of $ 125,900 . Since 2008 , the county has been ranked first in the U.S. in median household income among jurisdictions with a population of 65,000 or more ."}]}, {'value': 'US 15 / US 15 Bus . ( James Monroe Highway / King Street )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_15_in_Virginia', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 15 ( US 15 ) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Walterboro , South Carolina to Painted Post , New York . In Virginia , the U.S. Highway runs 230.37 miles ( 370.74 km ) from the North Carolina state line near Clarksville north to the Maryland state line at the Potomac River near Lucketts . US 15 is a major north-south highway through the Piedmont of Virginia , connecting Clarksville and Farmville in Southside Virginia with Culpeper , Warrenton , and Leesburg in Northern Virginia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_15_Business_(Leesburg,_Virginia)', 'summary': 'Several special routes of U.S. Route 15 exist . In order from south to north they are as follows .'}]}, {'value': 'US 50 at Gilberts Corner to Potomac River at Point of Rocks , MD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_50_(VA)', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 50 ( US 50 ) is a transcontinental highway which stretches from Ocean City , Maryland to West Sacramento , California . In the U.S. state of Virginia , US 50 extends 86 miles ( 138 km ) from the border with Washington DC at a Potomac River crossing at Rosslyn in Arlington County to the West Virginia state line near Gore in Frederick County .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gilberts_Corner,_VA', 'summary': 'Gilberts Corner is an unincorporated area at the intersection of U.S. Route 50 and U.S. Route 15 in Loudoun County , Virginia located in Aldie , east of the historic Village of Aldie . There are no residences at this intersection , however , its name is attributed to the surrounding area . Gilberts Corner is named after the gas station/restaurant that sits at the northeast quadrant of the crossroads . It gained prominence in the 1920s when the Carolina Road ( now Watson Road ) was a toll road and U.S. Route 15 was extended south from Leesburg to U.S. Route 50 . Due to increased traffic from toll evaders , U.S. Route 15 eventually was extended even farther south . The gas station/restaurant closed in the 1980s and is currently in the process of being renovated . Due to heavy traffic in the area , many commuters avoided the intersection altogether by going through Lenah and taking U.S. Route 15 south .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Potomac_River', 'summary': "The Potomac River ( /pəˈtoʊmək/ ( listen ) ) is found within the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States and flows from the Potomac Highlands into the Chesapeake Bay . The river ( main stem and North Branch ) is approximately 405 miles ( 652 km ) long , with a drainage area of about 14,700 square miles ( 38,000 km2 ) . In terms of area , this makes the Potomac River the fourth largest river along the Atlantic coast of the United States and the 21st largest in the United States . Over 5 million people live within the Potomac watershed . The river forms part of the borders between Maryland and Washington , D.C. , on the left descending bank and West Virginia and Virginia on the river 's right descending bank . The majority of the lower Potomac River is part of Maryland . Exceptions include a small tidal portion within the District of Columbia , and the border with Virginia being delineated from point to point ( thus various bays and shoreline indentations lie in Virginia ) . Except for a small portion of its headwaters in West Virginia , the North Branch Potomac River is considered part of Maryland to the low water mark on the opposite bank . The South Branch Potomac River lies completely within the state of West Virginia except for its headwaters , which lie in Virginia ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Point_of_Rocks,_MD', 'summary': 'Point of Rocks is an unincorporated community and census-designated place ( CDP ) in Frederick County , Maryland , United States . As of the 2010 census it had a population of 1,466 . It is named for the striking rock formation on the adjacent Catoctin Mountain , which was formed by the Potomac River cutting through the ridge in a water gap , a typical formation in the Appalachian Mountains . The formation is not visible from the town and can only be seen from boats on the river , or from the southern bank of the river in Virginia .'}]}, {'value': 'May 19 , 1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'part of the Journey Through Hallowed Ground National Scenic Byway ( designated October 16 , 2009 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Scenic_Byway', 'summary': "A National Scenic Byway is a road recognized by the United States Department of Transportation for one or more of six intrinsic qualities : archeological , cultural , historic , natural , recreational , and scenic . The program was established by Congress in 1991 to preserve and protect the nation 's scenic but often less-traveled roads and promote tourism and economic development . The National Scenic Byways Program ( NSBP ) is administered by the Federal Highway Administration ( FHWA ) . The most scenic byways are designated All-American Roads , which must meet two out of the six intrinsic qualities . The designation means they have features that do not exist elsewhere in the United States and are unique and important enough to be tourist destinations unto themselves . As of November 2010 , there are 120 National Scenic Byways and 31 All-American Roads , located in 46 states ( all except Hawaii , Nebraska , Rhode Island , and Texas ) ."}]}], 'section_title': 'List of Virginia Byways', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Virginia_Byway_0', 'intro': "A Virginia Byway is a scenic road designated by the Commonwealth of Virginia as one that can introduce tourists to alternate destinations. According to the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT), there are over 3,000 miles (4,800 km) of scenic roads in Virginia, many of which have been designated as Virginia Byways. The sign design, which features a cardinal, Virginia's state bird, was adopted in January 1975."}	null	null	Which byway designated in the 70 's is located in a county with a population of 1,150,795 ?	SR 193
0a1306583cbee0f6	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Thai_Premier_League', 'title': '2011 Thai Premier League', 'header': ['Player', 'Nationality', 'For', 'Against', 'Result', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Yeon Gi-Sung', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Korea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Korea', 'summary': "South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP ."}]}, {'value': 'TTM Phichit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TTM_F.C._Phichit', 'summary': 'Thailand Tobacco Monopoly Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลยาสูบ ) , commonly known as the TTM FC , was a Thai football club originally based in Bangkok . The Club , founded in 1963 , was one of the oldest clubs in Thailand . Their biggest achievement was winning the Thai Premier League title in 2005 . The club was subject to a number of renamings and moves from 2009 : first to TTM Samut Sakhon F.C , then to TTM Phichit for the 2010 season , whereupon the team re-located to the Northern province . In 2012 the club once again relocated to Chiang Mai and would be known as TTM Chiangmai . In 2013 they moved to Lopburi , then in 2014 they returned to their original home of Bangkok . In 2015 they finished 19th and were relegated to the Regional League . The club was dissolved in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Chiangrai United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chiangrai_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Chiangrai United Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอล เชียงราย ยูไนเต็ด ) is a Thai professional Association football club based in Chiang Rai Province , a city located in the very northern part of Thailand . The club plays in Thai League 1 .'}]}, {'value': '3-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13 February 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apipoo Suntornpanavej', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Apipoo_Suntornpanavej', 'summary': 'Apipoo Suntornpanavej ( Thai : อภิภู สุนทรพนาเวศ , born 18 July 1986 ) , simply known as Bas ( Thai : บาส ) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as an Attacking midfielder .'}]}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Osotspa M-150 Saraburi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Osotspa_Saraburi_F.C.', 'summary': "Jumpasri United ( formerly Osotspa Samut Prakan ) ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลจัมปาศรี ยูไนเต็ด ) is a Thai football club based in Mahasarakham . This club plays in the Thai League 2 . The club appeared in the AFC Cup 2007 , the Asian equivalent of the UEFA Cup , and played its final group match against Singapore 's Tampines Rovers on 22 May 2007 at the Thai Army Sports Stadium . In 2007 , the team has adopted the yellow and red colours of its main sponsor , M-150 ( energy drink ) , and now wears yellow shirts with red trim and red shorts and socks . In 2017 , Super Power Samut Prakan leaving Samut Prakan Province and move to Maha Sarakham Province by merge with Jumpasri United . This moving was off the legend Osotspa Football Club or Super Power Samut Prakan one of the longest established football club in Thailand since 1977 with financial problems and sponsor support issues ."}]}, {'value': 'Royal Thai Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Thai_Navy_F.C.', 'summary': 'Navy Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลราชนาวี ) is a Thailand professional football club under the stewardship of Royal Thai Navy based in Chonburi . They play in the Thai League 2 . The club has previously played under the names of Royal Thai Navy FC , Rajnavi FC and Rajnavy Rayong FC .'}]}, {'value': '4-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30 April 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ney Fabiano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ney_Fabiano', 'summary': 'Ney Fabiano de Oliveira ( born February 9 , 1979 ) , more commonly known as Ney Fabiano , is a Brazilian retired footballer .'}]}, {'value': 'Brazil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brazil', 'summary': "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ."}]}, {'value': 'Chonburi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chonburi_F.C.', 'summary': 'Chonburi Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลชลบุรี ) is a Thai professional football club based in the city of Chonburi , Chonburi Province and playing in the top division in Thai football , the Thai League 1 . The team lifted the league title in 2007 which became the most successful season in their history . Chonburi were founded in 1997 and their main rivals are Sriracha who are also based in Chonburi Province . The team is widely known by their nickname The Sharks which can be seen in the club logo .'}]}, {'value': 'Khonkaen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khonkaen_F.C.', 'summary': 'Khon Kaen Football Club ( Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลจังหวัดขอนแก่น ) is a Thailand professional football club , based in Khon Kaen Province , a city located in the heart of the North Eastern Region of Thailand . The club currently plays in Thai League 2 . In 2011 after they achieved promotion from Thai Division 1 League to the Thai League 1 for the first time in their history , by finishing runners-up in the Thai Division 1 League . Khonkaen play their home games at the Khon Kaen Provincial Administrative Organization Stadium . They traditionally play in black and yellow , and their nickname is commonly known as The T-Rexs which came from the famous rich dinosaur fossil excavations of the province .'}]}, {'value': '6-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14 May 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank Ohandza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Ohandza', 'summary': 'Franck Ohandza Zoa ( born 28 September 1991 ) is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Chinese Super League side Henan Jianye .'}]}, {'value': 'Cameroon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cameroon', 'summary': "Cameroon ( /ˌkæməˈruːn/ ( listen ) ; French : Cameroun ) , officially the Republic of Cameroon ( French : République du Cameroun ) , is a country in Central Africa . It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north ; Chad to the northeast ; the Central African Republic to the east ; and Equatorial Guinea , Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south . Cameroon 's coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra , part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean . Although Cameroon is not an ECOWAS member state , it is geographically and historically in West Africa with the Southern Cameroons which now form her Northwest and Southwest Regions having a strong West African history . The country is sometimes identified as West African and other times as Central African due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West and Central Africa . Cameroon is home to over 250 native languages spoken by nearly 20 million people . The official languages of the country are English and French . Early inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad and the Baka hunter-gatherers in the southeastern rainforest . Portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camarões ( Shrimp River ) , which became Cameroon in English . Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate in the north in the 19th century , and various ethnic groups of the west and northwest established powerful chiefdoms and fondoms . Cameroon became a German colony in 1884 known as Kamerun . After World War I , the territory was divided between France and the United Kingdom as League of Nations mandates ."}]}, {'value': 'Buriram PEA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buriram_PEA_F.C.', 'summary': 'Buriram United Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลบุรีรัมย์ ยูไนเต็ด ) is a professional football club based in Buriram , Thailand . The club has played at the top level of Thai football for the majority of their existence and is competing in the Thai League 1 . The club was founded in 1970 as PEA FC ( Provincial Electricity Authority Football Club ) before reformed in to Buriram PEA then Buriram United in 2010 and 2012 respectively . Their home stadium is Chang Arena which has a capacity of 32,600 . Buriram United won their first Thai League 1 title in 2008 and the Kor Royal Cup in 1998 , as PEA FC . The club was previously based in Ayutthaya before moving east to Buriram for the 2010 season . In the 2011 season , Buriram PEA were the first team in Thai football history to win all the domestic trophies , as the triple champions of the ( 2011 Thai Premier League , 2011 Thai FA Cup , and 2011 Thai League Cup ) .'}]}, {'value': 'SCG Samut Songkhram', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samut_Songkhram_F.C.', 'summary': 'Samutsongkhram Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลจังหวัดสมุทรสงคราม ) is a Thai professional football club based in town of Samut Songkhram in Samut Songkhram Province and currently plays in the second division of Thai football , the Thai League 2 . Formed in 2004 , Samut Songkhram finished at 7th place in their first season of the top flight division after their promotion from Thailand Division 1 League . The official team colours are light blue and white , and the nickname is Pla-Tu-Kha-Nong which Pla thu refers to the Shortbodied mackerel , and Kha-Nong is the Thai language meaning Rage . Another less common nickname is Mae Klong , referring to a river in western Thailand which flows in Samut Songkhram Province .'}]}, {'value': '4-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22 May 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sarayuth Chaikamdee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sarayuth_Chaikamdee', 'summary': 'Sarayuth Chaikamdee ( Thai : ศรายุทธ ชัยคำดี , born September 24 , 1981 ) , simply known as Joe ( Thai : โจ้ ) is a Thai retired professional footballer who plays as a Striker . He previously played for Pisico Bình Định in the V-League ( Viet Nam ) . He is a striker and is known in Thailand as Joe five yards because he only score goals within the 5 yards box . Over the years , his nickname has now changed to Joe every-yard due to his improvement in longer range shooting ability .'}]}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Bangkok Glass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bangkok_Glass_F.C.', 'summary': 'BG Pathum United Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลบีจี ปทุม ยูไนเต็ด ) is a Thai professional football club based in Pathum Thani Province and is managed by BG FC Sport Co. , Ltd . which is a subsidiary of Bangkok Glass Group of Companies . BG Pathum United FC participates in the Thai League 1 . Its nickname The Rabbits derives from the chinese zodiac of the first club president , Pavin Bhirombhakdi who was born in The Year of the Rabbit .'}]}, {'value': 'Police United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Police_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Police United Football club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลเพื่อนตำรวจ ) is a Thai defunct football club that was managed by the Royal Thai Police from 1960 to 2008 . In 2017 , the club merged with BEC Tero Sasana and change the name to Police Tero Football Club at the beginning of season 2018 .'}]}, {'value': '5-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29 May 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Teerasil Dangda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Teerasil_Dangda', 'summary': 'Teerasil Dangda ( Thai : ธีรศิลป์ แดงดา , pronounced [ tʰīː.rā.sǐn dɛ̄ːŋ.dāː ] ; born 6 June 1988 ) is a Thai footballer who plays for J1 League club Shimizu S-Pulse and the Thailand national team which he serves as a team captain .'}]}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Muangthong United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muangthong_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Muangthong United Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลเมืองทอง ยูไนเต็ด ) is a Thai professional football club based in Muang Thong Thani , Nonthaburi Province . The club plays in the Thai League 1 . Muangthong United has participated in the Thai Premier League since 2009 after having won the Thai Division 1 League title in 2008 . Muangthong United were for a period one of the richest football clubs in Thailand . The club is widely known as The Kirins or The Twin Qilins .'}]}, {'value': 'Bangkok Glass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bangkok_Glass_F.C.', 'summary': 'BG Pathum United Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลบีจี ปทุม ยูไนเต็ด ) is a Thai professional football club based in Pathum Thani Province and is managed by BG FC Sport Co. , Ltd . which is a subsidiary of Bangkok Glass Group of Companies . BG Pathum United FC participates in the Thai League 1 . Its nickname The Rabbits derives from the chinese zodiac of the first club president , Pavin Bhirombhakdi who was born in The Year of the Rabbit .'}]}, {'value': '6-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10 August 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ronnachai Rangsiyo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ronnachai_Rangsiyo', 'summary': 'Ronnachai Rangsiyo ( Thai : รณชัย รังสิโย , born August 1 , 1988 ) , or simply known as Sam ( Thai : แซม ) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a Forward for Thai League 2 club Ayutthaya United . He scored a goal for the Thai National Team in a friendly match against Nepal .'}]}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'BEC Tero Sasana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BEC_Tero_Sasana_F.C.', 'summary': 'Police Tero Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลโปลิศ เทโร ) , formerly known as BEC Tero Sasana , is a Thai professional football club based in Bangkok . The club finished runners-up in the inaugural AFC Champions League competition in 2003 . BEC Tero Sasana merged with Police United in the 2017 season and changed its official name to Police Tero Football Club in the 2018 season .'}]}, {'value': 'TTM Phichit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TTM_Phichit_F.C.', 'summary': 'Thailand Tobacco Monopoly Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลยาสูบ ) , commonly known as the TTM FC , was a Thai football club originally based in Bangkok . The Club , founded in 1963 , was one of the oldest clubs in Thailand . Their biggest achievement was winning the Thai Premier League title in 2005 . The club was subject to a number of renamings and moves from 2009 : first to TTM Samut Sakhon F.C , then to TTM Phichit for the 2010 season , whereupon the team re-located to the Northern province . In 2012 the club once again relocated to Chiang Mai and would be known as TTM Chiangmai . In 2013 they moved to Lopburi , then in 2014 they returned to their original home of Bangkok . In 2015 they finished 19th and were relegated to the Regional League . The club was dissolved in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': '3-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27 August 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kritsada Kemdem', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Osotspa M-150 Saraburi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Osotspa_Saraburi_F.C.', 'summary': "Jumpasri United ( formerly Osotspa Samut Prakan ) ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลจัมปาศรี ยูไนเต็ด ) is a Thai football club based in Mahasarakham . This club plays in the Thai League 2 . The club appeared in the AFC Cup 2007 , the Asian equivalent of the UEFA Cup , and played its final group match against Singapore 's Tampines Rovers on 22 May 2007 at the Thai Army Sports Stadium . In 2007 , the team has adopted the yellow and red colours of its main sponsor , M-150 ( energy drink ) , and now wears yellow shirts with red trim and red shorts and socks . In 2017 , Super Power Samut Prakan leaving Samut Prakan Province and move to Maha Sarakham Province by merge with Jumpasri United . This moving was off the legend Osotspa Football Club or Super Power Samut Prakan one of the longest established football club in Thailand since 1977 with financial problems and sponsor support issues ."}]}, {'value': 'TOT S.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TOT_S.C.', 'summary': "TOT Sport Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลทีโอที เอสซี - ชื่อเดิม สโมสรฟุตบอลองค์การโทรศัพท์แห่งประเทศไทย ) is a Thai defunct football club based in the district of Lak Si in northern Bangkok which represents the national telecommunications company , TOT Public Company Limited . TOT originally stands for the Telephone Organization of Thailand , the former name of the company at the time before their privatization . TOT 's football team is a member of Football Association of Thailand ( FAT ) and a co-founder of the Thai Premier League . TOT S.C. was dissolved in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '4-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24 September 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank Ohandza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Ohandza', 'summary': 'Franck Ohandza Zoa ( born 28 September 1991 ) is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Chinese Super League side Henan Jianye .'}]}, {'value': 'Cameroon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cameroon', 'summary': "Cameroon ( /ˌkæməˈruːn/ ( listen ) ; French : Cameroun ) , officially the Republic of Cameroon ( French : République du Cameroun ) , is a country in Central Africa . It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north ; Chad to the northeast ; the Central African Republic to the east ; and Equatorial Guinea , Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south . Cameroon 's coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra , part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean . Although Cameroon is not an ECOWAS member state , it is geographically and historically in West Africa with the Southern Cameroons which now form her Northwest and Southwest Regions having a strong West African history . The country is sometimes identified as West African and other times as Central African due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West and Central Africa . Cameroon is home to over 250 native languages spoken by nearly 20 million people . The official languages of the country are English and French . Early inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad and the Baka hunter-gatherers in the southeastern rainforest . Portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camarões ( Shrimp River ) , which became Cameroon in English . Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate in the north in the 19th century , and various ethnic groups of the west and northwest established powerful chiefdoms and fondoms . Cameroon became a German colony in 1884 known as Kamerun . After World War I , the territory was divided between France and the United Kingdom as League of Nations mandates ."}]}, {'value': 'Buriram PEA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buriram_PEA_F.C.', 'summary': 'Buriram United Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลบุรีรัมย์ ยูไนเต็ด ) is a professional football club based in Buriram , Thailand . The club has played at the top level of Thai football for the majority of their existence and is competing in the Thai League 1 . The club was founded in 1970 as PEA FC ( Provincial Electricity Authority Football Club ) before reformed in to Buriram PEA then Buriram United in 2010 and 2012 respectively . Their home stadium is Chang Arena which has a capacity of 32,600 . Buriram United won their first Thai League 1 title in 2008 and the Kor Royal Cup in 1998 , as PEA FC . The club was previously based in Ayutthaya before moving east to Buriram for the 2010 season . In the 2011 season , Buriram PEA were the first team in Thai football history to win all the domestic trophies , as the triple champions of the ( 2011 Thai Premier League , 2011 Thai FA Cup , and 2011 Thai League Cup ) .'}]}, {'value': 'TTM Phichit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TTM_F.C._Phichit', 'summary': 'Thailand Tobacco Monopoly Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลยาสูบ ) , commonly known as the TTM FC , was a Thai football club originally based in Bangkok . The Club , founded in 1963 , was one of the oldest clubs in Thailand . Their biggest achievement was winning the Thai Premier League title in 2005 . The club was subject to a number of renamings and moves from 2009 : first to TTM Samut Sakhon F.C , then to TTM Phichit for the 2010 season , whereupon the team re-located to the Northern province . In 2012 the club once again relocated to Chiang Mai and would be known as TTM Chiangmai . In 2013 they moved to Lopburi , then in 2014 they returned to their original home of Bangkok . In 2015 they finished 19th and were relegated to the Regional League . The club was dissolved in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': '6-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20 November 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kim Joo-Yong', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Korea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Korea', 'summary': "South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP ."}]}, {'value': 'TTM Phichit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TTM_Phichit_F.C.', 'summary': 'Thailand Tobacco Monopoly Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลยาสูบ ) , commonly known as the TTM FC , was a Thai football club originally based in Bangkok . The Club , founded in 1963 , was one of the oldest clubs in Thailand . Their biggest achievement was winning the Thai Premier League title in 2005 . The club was subject to a number of renamings and moves from 2009 : first to TTM Samut Sakhon F.C , then to TTM Phichit for the 2010 season , whereupon the team re-located to the Northern province . In 2012 the club once again relocated to Chiang Mai and would be known as TTM Chiangmai . In 2013 they moved to Lopburi , then in 2014 they returned to their original home of Bangkok . In 2015 they finished 19th and were relegated to the Regional League . The club was dissolved in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'TOT S.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TOT_S.C.', 'summary': "TOT Sport Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลทีโอที เอสซี - ชื่อเดิม สโมสรฟุตบอลองค์การโทรศัพท์แห่งประเทศไทย ) is a Thai defunct football club based in the district of Lak Si in northern Bangkok which represents the national telecommunications company , TOT Public Company Limited . TOT originally stands for the Telephone Organization of Thailand , the former name of the company at the time before their privatization . TOT 's football team is a member of Football Association of Thailand ( FAT ) and a co-founder of the Thai Premier League . TOT S.C. was dissolved in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '3-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17 December 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chatree Chimtalay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chatree_Chimtalay', 'summary': 'Chatree Chimtalay ( Thai : ชาตรี ฉิมทะเล , born December 14 , 1983 ) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a Striker for Thai League 2 club BG Pathum United .'}]}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Bangkok Glass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bangkok_Glass_F.C.', 'summary': 'BG Pathum United Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลบีจี ปทุม ยูไนเต็ด ) is a Thai professional football club based in Pathum Thani Province and is managed by BG FC Sport Co. , Ltd . which is a subsidiary of Bangkok Glass Group of Companies . BG Pathum United FC participates in the Thai League 1 . Its nickname The Rabbits derives from the chinese zodiac of the first club president , Pavin Bhirombhakdi who was born in The Year of the Rabbit .'}]}, {'value': 'Khonkaen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khonkaen_F.C.', 'summary': 'Khon Kaen Football Club ( Thai สโมสรฟุตบอลจังหวัดขอนแก่น ) is a Thailand professional football club , based in Khon Kaen Province , a city located in the heart of the North Eastern Region of Thailand . The club currently plays in Thai League 2 . In 2011 after they achieved promotion from Thai Division 1 League to the Thai League 1 for the first time in their history , by finishing runners-up in the Thai Division 1 League . Khonkaen play their home games at the Khon Kaen Provincial Administrative Organization Stadium . They traditionally play in black and yellow , and their nickname is commonly known as The T-Rexs which came from the famous rich dinosaur fossil excavations of the province .'}]}, {'value': '4-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24 December 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aron da Silva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aron_da_Silva', 'summary': 'Aron Muniz Teixeira Da Silva ( born 2 December 1983 ) is a Brazilian retired footballer who plays as a Forward .'}]}, {'value': 'Brazil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brazil', 'summary': "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ."}]}, {'value': 'Sriracha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sriracha_F.C.', 'summary': "Thawiwatthana Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลทวีวัฒนา ) , better known as old name Sriracha FC , is a Thailand professional football club based in Nakhon Pathom . They currently compete in the 2018 Thailand Amateur League Western Region . The club combine Taweewattana F.C . from Khor Cup plays their home games at the Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Stadium ( Salaya Campus ) in Nakhon Pathom . They traditionally play in Pink from Taweewattana F.C . and blue from Sriracha F.C . The club 's official logo is the King Cobra , hence their nickname is Killer King Cobra ."}]}, {'value': 'Thai Port', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thai_Port_F.C.', 'summary': "Port Football Club ( Thai : การท่าเรือ ) , formerly Singhtarua Football Club ( Thai : สิงห์ท่าเรือ ) , is a Thai football club based at the 9,000 capacity PAT Stadium in Khlong Toei District of central Bangkok . They compete in Thai League 1 and are one of the most successful clubs in Thai football history , having won the Kor Royal Cup 8 times and the Queen 's Cup 6 times . In 2009 Thai Port added the Thai FA Cup to their list of honours . The 2010 season Thai Port triumphant again as they won the newly introduced Thai League Cup ."}]}, {'value': '3-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '31 December 2011', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Season statistics -- Hat-tricks', 'section_text': 'Key 4 Player scored four goals 5 Player scored five goals', 'uid': '2011_Thai_Premier_League_1', 'intro': '2011 Thai Premier League (known as Sponsor Thai Premier League for sponsorship reasons) is the 15th season of the Thai Premier League since its establishment in 1996. A total of 18 teams are competing in the league due to a two team expansion, with Muangthong United as the defending champions. The season started on 12 February 2011 and is generally broken down into 2 legs. The first leg being played from February to early June with the second leg taking place from late July to November. During the league break, the opening rounds of the FA Cup and League Cup take place.'}	null	null	Which state of the home country of Ronnachai Rangsiyo was ruined by military conflict in 1767 ?	Ayutthaya
0a1426d2d0470f57	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stadiums_in_Malaysia', 'title': 'List of stadiums in Malaysia', 'header': ['Stadium', 'Capacity', 'City', 'State', 'Home team/Use for', 'Opened'], 'data': [{'value': 'Bukit Jalil National Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bukit_Jalil_National_Stadium', 'summary': "The Bukit Jalil National Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Nasional Bukit Jalil ) in Bukit Jalil , located in the National Sports Complex to the south of the city centre of Malaysia 's capital city , Kuala Lumpur , all-seater multi-purpose stadium and the home ground of the Malaysian national football team . With a capacity of 87,411 , it is the largest in Southeast Asia and the eighth largest football stadium in the world . It was officially inaugurated by the 4th Prime Minister of Malaysia , Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad , on 11 July 1998 ahead of the 1998 Commonwealth Games and staged the opening ceremony . Since then , it has also became the main venue for other international multi-sport events such as the 2001 Southeast Asian Games and the 2017 Southeast Asian Games , and nowadays host most Malaysian international football matches , national level football competition finals such as the Malaysia FA Cup , Malaysia Cup , athletic events and music concerts . It was built alongside other sport venues in the National Sports Complex by United Engineers Malaysia , and designed by Arkitek FAA , Weidleplan Consulting GMBH and Schlaich Bergermann Partner . A membrane structure is used for the roof , and the most of the materials used were reinforced concrete . Before the stadium was opened , Stadium Merdeka was the national stadium of Malaysia . The stadium , along with the National Sports Complex , is currently undergoing a major renovation at a combined cost of RM1.34 billion as a part of KL Sports City project in 2 phases . Project 1 ( Phase 1 ) has been completed ahead and for the 2017 SEA Games in Kuala Lumpur , with a new Populous-designed facade that covers the exterior of the stadium with twisted vertical louvres which are also LED-lighted , as well as recolouring the seats to a yellow-black design and upgraded facilities . After the 2017 ASEAN Para Games , Project 2 ( Phase 2 ) will commence , and will add a retractable roof , retractable seats , comfort ventilation and new sports and lifestyle facilities ."}]}, {'value': '87,411', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur ( Malaysian pronunciation : [ ˈkualə , -a ˈlumpo ( r ) , -ʊ ( r ) ] ) , officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur ( Malay : Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur ) and commonly known as KL , is the national capital and largest city in Malaysia . As the global city of Malaysia , it covers an area of 243 km2 ( 94 sq mi ) and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016 [ update ] . Greater Kuala Lumpur , also known as the Klang Valley , is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017 [ update ] . It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia , in both population and economic development . Kuala Lumpur is the cultural , financial and economic centre of Malaysia . It is also home to the Parliament of Malaysia and the official residence of the Malaysian King ( Yang di-Pertuan Agong ) , the Istana Negara . The city once held the headquarters of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government , but these were relocated to Putrajaya in early 1999 . However , some sections of the political bodies still remain in Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur is one of the three federal territories of Malaysia , enclaved within the state of Selangor , on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Since the 1990s , the city has played host to many international sporting , political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the 2017 Southeast Asian Games . Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world , the Petronas Towers , which have since become an iconic symbol of Malaysian development . Kuala Lumpur has a comprehensive road system supported by an extensive range of public transport networks , such as the Mass Rapid Transit ( MRT ) , Light Metro ( LRT ) , Bus Rapid Transit ( BRT ) , monorail , commuter rail and an airport rail link .'}]}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur ( Malaysian pronunciation : [ ˈkualə , -a ˈlumpo ( r ) , -ʊ ( r ) ] ) , officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur ( Malay : Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur ) and commonly known as KL , is the national capital and largest city in Malaysia . As the global city of Malaysia , it covers an area of 243 km2 ( 94 sq mi ) and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016 [ update ] . Greater Kuala Lumpur , also known as the Klang Valley , is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017 [ update ] . It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia , in both population and economic development . Kuala Lumpur is the cultural , financial and economic centre of Malaysia . It is also home to the Parliament of Malaysia and the official residence of the Malaysian King ( Yang di-Pertuan Agong ) , the Istana Negara . The city once held the headquarters of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government , but these were relocated to Putrajaya in early 1999 . However , some sections of the political bodies still remain in Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur is one of the three federal territories of Malaysia , enclaved within the state of Selangor , on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Since the 1990s , the city has played host to many international sporting , political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the 2017 Southeast Asian Games . Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world , the Petronas Towers , which have since become an iconic symbol of Malaysian development . Kuala Lumpur has a comprehensive road system supported by an extensive range of public transport networks , such as the Mass Rapid Transit ( MRT ) , Light Metro ( LRT ) , Bus Rapid Transit ( BRT ) , monorail , commuter rail and an airport rail link .'}]}, {'value': 'Malaysia national football team', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malaysia_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Malaysia national football team represents Malaysia in international football and is controlled by the Football Association of Malaysia . The national team is recognised by FIFA as the successor of the defunct Malaya national football team which was founded for the 1963 Merdeka Tournament one month before the insitution of Malaysia . The team is officially nicknamed Harimau Malaya in reference to the Malayan tiger . Residing in the top 4 most successful teams of Southeast Asia who has won the ASEAN Football Championship at least once and other competitions while improving overall , Malaysia fails to reach greater deed outside Southeast Asia than a bronze won at the Asian Games in 1974 ; having participated in the Summer Olympics once and three AFC Asian Cups , the team failed to progress beyond the group stage in all occasions . Malaysia 's main rivals on the international stage are geographical neighbours : Indonesia , Thailand and Singapore , with dramatic past matches have been produced and in particular , fixtures involving Indonesia being the most heated among these that corresponds to political and social issues , named as 'Nusantara Derby ' or sometimes 'Malay Derby ' ."}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shah Alam Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shah_Alam_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Shah Alam Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Shah Alam ) is a multi-purpose stadium located in Shah Alam , Selangor , Malaysia . It is used mostly for football matches but also has facilities for athletics . The stadium is the home of Selangor FA , and has a capacity of 80,372 .'}]}, {'value': '80,372', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shah Alam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shah_Alam', 'summary': "Shah Alam /ʃɑː ˈɑːləm/ is a city and the state capital of Selangor , Malaysia and situated within the Petaling District and a small portion of the neighbouring Klang District . Shah Alam replaced Kuala Lumpur as the capital city of the state of Selangor in 1978 due to Kuala Lumpur 's incorporation into a Federal Territory in 1974 . Shah Alam was the first planned city in Malaysia after independence from Britain in 1957 ."}]}, {'value': 'Selangor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selangor', 'summary': "Selangor ( /səˈlæŋər/ ; Malay : [ s ( ə ) laŋo ( r ) ] ) , also known by its Arabic honorific Darul Ehsan , or Abode of Sincerity , is one of the 13 states of Malaysia . It is on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and is bordered by Perak to the north , Pahang to the east , Negeri Sembilan to the south and the Strait of Malacca to the west . Selangor surrounds the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya , both of which were previously part of it . The state capital of Selangor is Shah Alam and its royal capital is Klang . Petaling Jaya and Subang Jaya received city status in 2006 and 2019 , respectively . Selangor is one of four Malaysian states that contain more than one city with official city status ; the others are Sarawak , Johor , and Penang . The state of Selangor has the largest economy in Malaysia in terms of gross domestic product ( GDP ) , with RM 239.968 billion ( roughly US $ 55.5 billion ) in 2015 , comprising 22.6% of the country 's GDP . It is the most developed state in Malaysia ; it has good infrastructure such as highways and transport , and has the largest population in Malaysia , a high standard of living and the lowest poverty rate in the country ."}]}, {'value': 'PKNS F.C . Selangor FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PKNS_F.C.', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor II ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor II ) , also named Selangor II , is the reserve team of Selangor , and based in Shah Alam , in the state of Selangor . Founded in 1967 as part of the sports and recreation club for the Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor ( Malay : Kelab Sukan dan Rekreasi Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor ) ( KSR PKNS ) . The club was combined with Football Association of Selangor at end of 2019 as one club and was rebranded as a football club to be known as Selangor II . The team formerly known PKNS FC was then converted into a reserve team as part of the feeder club regulations and will begin the 2020 season as a reserve team of Selangor FA and will play in Premier League , holding home games at Selayang Stadium , with a 16,000-seat capacity . Unlike in England , reserve teams in Malaysia play in the same football pyramid as their first team rather than a separate league . However , reserve teams can not play in the same division as their first team . Therefore , the team is ineligible for promotion to Malaysia Super League , the division in which their parent side competes . Reserve teams are also no longer permitted to enter the cup competitions . The team is officially known as Selangor II on the club 's official promotion and website , but Malaysian Football League , the governing body of Malaysia football League football system rules prohibit reserve teams from having different names than their parent team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Selangor_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ."}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sultan_Mizan_Zainal_Abidin_Stadium', 'summary': "Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Kuala Nerus District , Terengganu , Malaysia . Together with the adjacent Mini Stadium , it forms the centrepiece of Terengganu Sports Complex . It was used mostly for football matches . The stadium holds 50,000 people and is named after the reigning Terengganu Ruler , Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin . The biggest stadium in the East Coast region of Peninsular Malaysia , it was built to replace Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah Stadium as the state 's main stadium . It is the current home ground of Terengganu FC ."}]}, {'value': '50,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuala Terengganu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Terengganu', 'summary': "Kuala Terengganu , often abbreviated as K.T. , is a city , the administrative capital , royal capital and the main economic centre of Terengganu , Malaysia . Kuala Terengganu is also the capital of Kuala Terengganu District . It is also the only royal capital among the nine royal states of the country that bore its state 's name . Kuala Terengganu is located about 440 kilometres northeast of Kuala Lumpur on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia . The city is situated at the estuary of Terengganu River , facing the South China Sea . As a district , Kuala Terengganu is the smallest in terms of area , but it ( together with the Kuala Nerus District that form the city area ) has the largest population in Terengganu with a population of 406,317 in 2010 . City status was awarded to Kuala Terengganu with the title Bandaraya Warisan Pesisir Air ( English : Waterfront Heritage City ) on 1 January 2008 . Besides being a major political and economic centre to the state , the city is also the main gateway to many of the state 's tourist destinations . The attractions in and around the city include Kampung Cina , Pasar Besar Kedai Payang , Terengganu State Museum , and Batu Buruk Beach . Even though the city is not spared from modernity and development , Kuala Terengganu still retains strong Malay influences that are intermixed with other cultures from its long history as a port ."}]}, {'value': 'Terengganu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terengganu', 'summary': 'Terengganu ( Malay pronunciation : [ tərəŋɡanu ] ; Jawi : ترڠݢانو , Terengganu Malay : Tranung , Thai : ตรังกานู ) formerly spelled Trengganu or Tringganu , is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia . The state is also known by its Arabic honorific , Dāru l-Īmān ( Abode of Faith ) . The coastal city of Kuala Terengganu which stands at the mouth of the broad Terengganu River is both the state and royal capital as well as the largest city in Terengganu . There are many islands located close to the coast of Terengganu state , such as Redang Island .'}]}, {'value': 'Terengganu FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terengganu_FA', 'summary': 'This club did not have much success in the 1970s with only a single appearance in the Malaysia Cup final , losing to Selangor 2-1 in a match played at the Merdeka Stadium . It was the same in the 1980s with another final appearance in 1982 , ironically also against Selangor . It was the same outcome with Selangor winning 1-0 after extra-time . [ citation needed ] When the Semi-Professional League was introduced in 1989 , Terengganu F.C . were in the second division based on their final position in the previous season . [ citation needed ] They recruited giant Dutch defender , Marlon Ricardo van der Sander and Singaporean duo , Ahmad Paijan and Norhalis Shafik to boost their squad and finished the season in a credible fourth place but ultimately failed to win promotion . [ citation needed ] In the 1990 season , they went all the way to emerge as the second division champion under the guidance of head coach , Abdullah Mohamad with German striker , Frank Pastor finding the back of the net on regular basis aided by midfield duo Martin Buisse and Ahmad Paijan . They lost only once in the league all season to finish three points clear of East Coast rival , Kelantan FA . [ citation needed ] In the 1992 season , Terengganu F.C . recorded their highest ever finish in the league when they finished as runner-up to Pahang FA . The Elephants broke The Turtles hearts again in the semi finals of the Malaysia Cup competition after the both sides failed to score in 180 minutes of play , the match went into sudden-death extra-time . Zulhamizan Zakaria found the net for Pahang FA and Terengganu F.C .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batu Kawan Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batu_Kawan_Stadium', 'summary': 'Penang State Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Negeri Pulau Pinang ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Batu Kawan , South Seberang Perai , Penang , Malaysia . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium has a capacity of 40,000 people . It was built in 2000 . The stadium has been built to host the 8th Sukma Games ( Malaysian Games ) in 2000 . In 2007 , this stadium hosted the Malaysian FA Cup Final . The match was won by Kedah FA 4-2 in penalties shoot-out .'}]}, {'value': '40,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batu Kawan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batu_Kawan', 'summary': "Batu Kawan is an urban settlement in the city of Seberang Perai , Penang , Malaysia . It is geographically separated from the rest of Seberang Perai by the Jawi and Tengah rivers . As of 2010 [ update ] , Batu Kawan contained a population of 5,537 . Long considered a quiet agricultural backwater , Batu Kawan is currently undergoing rapid development , which was sparked by the completion of the Second Penang Bridge that connects the town with Batu Maung on Penang Island in 2014 . A host of multinational firms , including Boston Scientific , Western Digital Corporation , Bose Corporation and Bosch , have set up manufacturing plants within the Batu Kawan Industrial Park . In addition , Batu Kawan is home to Design Village , Malaysia 's largest outlet mall . Among the ongoing developments within Batu Kawan are an IKEA store , Aspen Vision City and Utropolis , the latter of which is expected to serve as a hub for tertiary education ."}]}, {'value': 'Penang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penang', 'summary': "Penang is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia , by the Malacca Strait . It has two parts : Penang Island , where the capital city , George Town , is located , and Seberang Perai on the Malay Peninsula . They are connected by Malaysia 's two longest road bridges , the Penang Bridge and the Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge ; the latter is also as of May 2019 the longest oversea bridge in Southeast Asia . The second smallest Malaysian state by land mass , Penang is bordered by Kedah to the north and the east , and Perak to the south . Penang 's population stood at nearly 1.767 million as of 2018 [ update ] , while its population density rose to 1,684/km2 ( 4,360/sq mi ) . It has among the nation 's highest population densities and is one of the country 's most urbanised states . Seberang Perai is Malaysia 's second largest city by population . Its heterogeneous population is highly diverse in ethnicity , culture , language and religion . Aside from the three main races , the Malays , Chinese , and Indians , Penang is home to significant Eurasian , Siamese and expatriate communities . George Town is also home to a UNESCO World Heritage Site . A resident of Penang is colloquially known as a Penangite or Penang Lâng ( in Penang Hokkien ) . Penang 's modern history began in 1786 , upon the establishment of George Town by Francis Light ."}]}, {'value': 'FA Penang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FA_Penang', 'summary': "Football Association of Penang ( or simply known as FA Penang ) is a Malaysian association football club based in George Town , Penang that currently plays in the Malaysia Premier League . Unofficially founded in 1920 , officially as Football Association of Penang on 21 October 1921 , the club represents the state of Penang in football tournaments . The team has traditionally worn a blue home kit . They have a long-standing rivalry with Kedah ; the two teams from the northern region of Malaysia being engaged in what has been collectively known as the Northern Region Derby . The state football team play their home matches at the 20,000 capacity City Stadium in George Town . Penang had established itself as a major force in Malaysian football between the 1950s to the 1970s . Domestically , Penang has won a record of 3 Division 1 titles , 4 Malaysia Cup titles , 5 Malaysia FAM League titles , 1 Malaysia FA Cup title and 1 Malaysia Charity Shield . At present , it is one of the 12 teams competing in the Malaysian Premier League and the first club from Malaysia won Asian title Aga Khan Gold Cup unofficial Asian Champions ' Cup 1976"}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hang Jebat Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hang_Jebat_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Hang Jebat Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Hang Jebat ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Krubong/Paya Rumput , Malacca , Malaysia named after a Malacca Sultanate Laksamana , Hang Jebat . The stadium is the home for Melaka United and is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium has a capacity of 40,000 people . In 2010 , the stadium hosted the Sukma Games and the Malaysia Para Games .'}]}, {'value': '40,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melaka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melaka', 'summary': "Malacca ( Malay : Melaka ; Tamil : மலாக்கா , simplified Chinese : 马六甲 ; traditional Chinese : 馬六甲 ; pinyin : Mǎliùjiǎ ) , dubbed The Historic State , is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula , next to the Strait of Malacca . The state is bordered by Negeri Sembilan to the north and west and Johor to the south . The exclave of Cape Rachado also borders Negeri Sembilan to the north . Its capital is Malacca City , which is 148 kilometres ( 92 miles ) southeast of Malaysia 's capital city Kuala Lumpur , 235 kilometres ( 146 miles ) northwest of Johor 's largest city Johor Bahru , and 95 km ( 59 miles ) northwest of Johor 's second largest city , Batu Pahat . This historical city centre has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 7 July 2008 . Although it was the location of one of the earliest Malay sultanates , the local monarchy was abolished when the Portuguese conquered it in 1511 . The head of state is the Yang di-Pertua Negeri or Governor , rather than a Sultan . Melaka is famous for its unique history and is one of the major tourist destinations in Malaysia . With a highly strategic state position for international trade routes , Malacca was once a well-known international trade center in the East . Many traders anchored in Malacca , especially traders from Arabia , China and India , traded at the port of Malacca and from there were born many of the descendants and tribes that exist in Malacca to this day . The harmonious life and ambience of the people of Malacca is attributed to the life of various races and ethnicities that have long existed among the local community . Malays , Malaysian Chinese , Malaysian Indians , Baba Nyonya , Kristang , Chitty and Eurasians are important ethnic groups living in the State of Malacca up to the present day ."}]}, {'value': 'Melaka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melaka', 'summary': "Malacca ( Malay : Melaka ; Tamil : மலாக்கா , simplified Chinese : 马六甲 ; traditional Chinese : 馬六甲 ; pinyin : Mǎliùjiǎ ) , dubbed The Historic State , is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula , next to the Strait of Malacca . The state is bordered by Negeri Sembilan to the north and west and Johor to the south . The exclave of Cape Rachado also borders Negeri Sembilan to the north . Its capital is Malacca City , which is 148 kilometres ( 92 miles ) southeast of Malaysia 's capital city Kuala Lumpur , 235 kilometres ( 146 miles ) northwest of Johor 's largest city Johor Bahru , and 95 km ( 59 miles ) northwest of Johor 's second largest city , Batu Pahat . This historical city centre has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 7 July 2008 . Although it was the location of one of the earliest Malay sultanates , the local monarchy was abolished when the Portuguese conquered it in 1511 . The head of state is the Yang di-Pertua Negeri or Governor , rather than a Sultan . Melaka is famous for its unique history and is one of the major tourist destinations in Malaysia . With a highly strategic state position for international trade routes , Malacca was once a well-known international trade center in the East . Many traders anchored in Malacca , especially traders from Arabia , China and India , traded at the port of Malacca and from there were born many of the descendants and tribes that exist in Malacca to this day . The harmonious life and ambience of the people of Malacca is attributed to the life of various races and ethnicities that have long existed among the local community . Malays , Malaysian Chinese , Malaysian Indians , Baba Nyonya , Kristang , Chitty and Eurasians are important ethnic groups living in the State of Malacca up to the present day ."}]}, {'value': 'Melaka United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melaka_United', 'summary': "Melaka United Soccer Association /məˈlɑːkə/ is a professional football club based in Malacca City that competes in Malaysia Super League . Founded in 1924 , the club 's home ground since then has been Hang Tuah Stadium before moving to Hang Jebat Stadium in Paya Rumput / Krubong . The club represents the state of Malacca in Malaysian football competitions . They currently play in the top division in Malaysian football , the Malaysia Super League after being promoted back-to-back as champion from 2015 Malaysia FAM League and 2016 Malaysia Premier League . The club was formerly named simply as Malacca or fully as Malacca Amateur FA and then Malacca FA before being rebranded in August 2013 as Melaka United which will be used for 2014 season onwards . The club 's current nickname is Hang Tuah , the name being synonymous with strength and intelligence . Melaka United 's regular kit colours are green and white for shirts , shorts and socks . The club 's current crest has been used since March 2014 which based from older crest with slight modern changes in design and wording ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sarawak Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sarawak_Stadium', 'summary': 'Sarawak Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Kuching , Malaysia . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium has a capacity of 40,000 spectators .'}]}, {'value': '40,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuching', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuching', 'summary': 'Kuching ( /ˈkuːtʃɪŋ/ ) , officially the City of Kuching , is the capital and the most populous city in the state of Sarawak in Malaysia . It is also the capital of Kuching Division . The city is situated on the Sarawak River at the southwest tip of the state of Sarawak on the island of Borneo and covers an area of 431 square kilometres ( 166 sq mi ) with a population about 165,642 in the Kuching North administrative region and 159,490 in the Kuching South administrative region - a total of 325,132 people . Kuching was the third capital of Sarawak in 1827 during the administration of the Bruneian Empire . In 1841 , Kuching became the capital of the Kingdom of Sarawak after the territory in the area was ceded to James Brooke for helping the Bruneian empire in crushing a rebellion particularly by the interior Borneo dweller Land Dayak people who later became his loyal followers after most of them being pardoned by him and joining his side . The town continued to receive attention and development during the rule of Charles Brooke such as the construction of a sanitation system , hospital , prison , fort , and a bazaar . In 1941 , the Brooke administration had a Centenary Celebration in Kuching . During World War II , Kuching was occupied by Japanese forces from 1942 to 1945 . The Japanese government set up a Batu Lintang camp near Kuching to hold prisoners of war and civilian internees . After the war , the town survived intact . However , the last Rajah of Sarawak , Sir Charles Vyner Brooke decided to cede Sarawak as part of British Crown Colony in 1946 . Kuching remained as capital during the Crown Colony period .'}]}, {'value': 'Sarawak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sarawak', 'summary': 'Sarawak ( /səˈrɑːwɒk/ ; Malay : [ saˈrawaʔ ] ) is a state of Malaysia . The largest among the 13 states , with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia , Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island , and is bordered by the Malaysian state of Sabah to the northeast , Kalimantan ( the Indonesian portion of Borneo ) to the south , and Brunei in the north . The capital city , Kuching , is the largest city in Sarawak , the economic centre of the state , and the seat of the Sarawak state government . Other cities and towns in Sarawak include Miri , Sibu , and Bintulu . As of the 2015 census , the population of Sarawak was 2,636,000 . Sarawak has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests and abundant animal and plant species . It has several prominent cave systems at Gunung Mulu National Park . Rajang River is the longest river in Malaysia ; Bakun Dam , one of the largest dams in Southeast Asia , is located on one of its tributaries , the Balui River . Mount Murud is the highest point in Sarawak . The earliest known human settlement in Sarawak at the Niah Caves dates back 40,000 years . A series of Chinese ceramics dated from the 8th to 13th century AD was uncovered at the archaeological site of Santubong . The coastal regions of Sarawak came under the influence of the Bruneian Empire in the 16th century .'}]}, {'value': 'Sarawak FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sarawak_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Sarawak ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Sarawak ) is a football club that supervises football in the state of Sarawak . The association 's football team competes in Malaysia 's football league representing the state of Sarawak in Borneo . It is one of the 14 state teams of the Malaysian football structure . They currently compete in Malaysia 's second division professional football league , the Malaysia Premier League . The team 's home matches are played at the 26,000 capacity Sarawak State Stadium in Kuching , the capital city of Sarawak . The team has won the Malaysia FA Cup ( 1992 ) , Premier League in 1997 and the Malaysia Charity Shield ( 1998 ) . In 1999 , the team advanced to the quarter-finals of the Asian Cup Winners ' Cup after beating Ho Chi Minh Customs of V-League by 5-2 on aggregate in the first round and Yangon City Development of Myanmar Premier League by 4-0 on aggregate in the second round , only to crashing out later to Kashima Antlers of J-League by 2-14 on aggregate . In 2013 , the team won the Malaysia Premier League which is their first domestic trophy in 12 years ."}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stadium Merdeka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stadium_Merdeka', 'summary': 'Stadium Merdeka ( English : Independence Stadium ) in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . It has significance as the site of the formal declaration of independence of the Federation of Malaya on 31 August 1957 and the first modern building of the new nation . The stadium was the principal venue in Kuala Lumpur for celebrations and sporting events until 1962 when the Stadium Negara was built . In 2008 , the Stadium Merdeka received the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Award for Excellence for Heritage Conservation owing to its cultural significance and embodiment of a unique independence declaration event .'}]}, {'value': '25,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur ( Malaysian pronunciation : [ ˈkualə , -a ˈlumpo ( r ) , -ʊ ( r ) ] ) , officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur ( Malay : Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur ) and commonly known as KL , is the national capital and largest city in Malaysia . As the global city of Malaysia , it covers an area of 243 km2 ( 94 sq mi ) and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016 [ update ] . Greater Kuala Lumpur , also known as the Klang Valley , is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017 [ update ] . It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia , in both population and economic development . Kuala Lumpur is the cultural , financial and economic centre of Malaysia . It is also home to the Parliament of Malaysia and the official residence of the Malaysian King ( Yang di-Pertuan Agong ) , the Istana Negara . The city once held the headquarters of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government , but these were relocated to Putrajaya in early 1999 . However , some sections of the political bodies still remain in Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur is one of the three federal territories of Malaysia , enclaved within the state of Selangor , on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Since the 1990s , the city has played host to many international sporting , political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the 2017 Southeast Asian Games . Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world , the Petronas Towers , which have since become an iconic symbol of Malaysian development . Kuala Lumpur has a comprehensive road system supported by an extensive range of public transport networks , such as the Mass Rapid Transit ( MRT ) , Light Metro ( LRT ) , Bus Rapid Transit ( BRT ) , monorail , commuter rail and an airport rail link .'}]}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur ( Malaysian pronunciation : [ ˈkualə , -a ˈlumpo ( r ) , -ʊ ( r ) ] ) , officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur ( Malay : Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur ) and commonly known as KL , is the national capital and largest city in Malaysia . As the global city of Malaysia , it covers an area of 243 km2 ( 94 sq mi ) and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016 [ update ] . Greater Kuala Lumpur , also known as the Klang Valley , is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017 [ update ] . It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia , in both population and economic development . Kuala Lumpur is the cultural , financial and economic centre of Malaysia . It is also home to the Parliament of Malaysia and the official residence of the Malaysian King ( Yang di-Pertuan Agong ) , the Istana Negara . The city once held the headquarters of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government , but these were relocated to Putrajaya in early 1999 . However , some sections of the political bodies still remain in Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur is one of the three federal territories of Malaysia , enclaved within the state of Selangor , on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Since the 1990s , the city has played host to many international sporting , political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the 2017 Southeast Asian Games . Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world , the Petronas Towers , which have since become an iconic symbol of Malaysian development . Kuala Lumpur has a comprehensive road system supported by an extensive range of public transport networks , such as the Mass Rapid Transit ( MRT ) , Light Metro ( LRT ) , Bus Rapid Transit ( BRT ) , monorail , commuter rail and an airport rail link .'}]}, {'value': 'Soccer', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1957', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tuanku_Abdul_Rahman_Stadium', 'summary': 'Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium ( STAR ; Malay : Stadium Tuanku Abdul Rahman ) also known as the STAR of Paroi is a multi-purpose stadium in Paroi , Negeri Sembilan , Malaysia . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium holds 20,000 people and was opened in 1992 . In 2004 , the capacity of stadium had been upgraded to 45,000 people for the hosting of the 2004 Sukma Games . It is currently home of Negeri Sembilan Football association .'}]}, {'value': '45,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seremban', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seremban', 'summary': "Seremban ( Minangkabau : Soghomban or Somban ) is a city and the capital of Negeri Sembilan , Malaysia , located within Seremban District . The city 's administration is run by the Seremban City Council . On 9 September 2009 , Seremban was to be declared as a city , but it was later deferred due to technical reasons . However , the idea of granting city status has been brought up again and Seremban is expected to become a city in 2020 . Seremban officially gained city status on 20 January 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Negeri Sembilan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan', 'summary': 'Negeri Sembilan ( Malay pronunciation : [ ˈnəgəri səmbiˈlan ] ) is a state in Malaysia which lies on the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia . It borders Selangor on the north , Pahang in the east , and Melaka and Johor to the south . The name is believed to derive from the nine ( sembilan ) villages or nagari in the Minangkabau language ( now known as luak ) settled by the Minangkabau , a people originally from West Sumatra ( in present-day Indonesia ) . Minangkabau features are still visible today in traditional architecture and the dialect of Malay spoken . Unlike the hereditary monarchs of the other royal Malay states , the ruler of Negeri Sembilan is known as Yang di-Pertuan Besar instead of Sultan . The election of the Ruler is also unique . He is selected by the council of Undangs who lead the four biggest territories of Sungai Ujong , Jelebu , Johol , and Rembau , making it one of the more democratic monarchies . The capital of Negeri Sembilan is Seremban . The royal capital is Seri Menanti in Kuala Pilah District . Other important towns are Port Dickson , Bahau and Nilai . The Arabic honorific title of the state is Darul Khusus ( the Special Abode ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Negeri Sembilan FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_FA', 'summary': "Negeri Sembilan Football Association or simply known as Negeri Sembilan is a Malaysian professional football club based in Seremban , Negeri Sembilan that competes in the Malaysia Premier League . Founded in 1923 , the club 's home ground Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium . Negeri Sembilan won their first major honour in 1948 Malaysia Cup ."}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Perak Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perak_Stadium', 'summary': 'Perak Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Perak ) is a stadium located in Kampung Simee in Ipoh , Kinta District , Perak , Malaysia . It is part of a large complex called the DBI Sports Complex , which houses a majority of sporting facilities used by players representing the state of Perak such as the Velodrome Rakyat ( cycling ) , Indera Mulia Stadium ( indoor stadium ) and the Sultan Azlan Shah Stadium ( hockey ) .'}]}, {'value': '30,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ipoh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ipoh', 'summary': "Ipoh ( /ˈiːpoʊ/ ) is the capital city of the Malaysian state of Perak . Located by the Kinta River , it is nearly 180 km ( 110 mi ) north of Kuala Lumpur and 123 km ( 76 mi ) southeast of George Town in neighbouring Penang . As of 2010 [ update ] , Ipoh contained a population of 657,892 , making it the third largest city in Malaysia by population . Originally a village , Ipoh began to grow rapidly in the 1880s after huge deposits of tin were discovered within its vicinity . By 1895 , it was the second largest town within the Federated Malay States , which also consisted of Selangor , Negeri Sembilan and Pahang . Ipoh was declared a city in 1988 . However , following the depletion of its tin deposits and the collapse of tin prices in the 1970s , the city suffered decades of decline and neglect . In recent years , Ipoh 's popularity as a tourist destination has been significantly boosted by efforts to conserve its British colonial-era architecture . The city is also well known for its cuisine and natural attractions , such as its limestone hills and caves within which Buddhist temples were built . In addition , Ipoh has managed to maintain its reputation as one of the cleanest cities in Malaysia . Ipoh 's location between Kuala Lumpur and George Town has made it a major land transportation hub within West Malaysia , with both the Malayan Railway 's West Coast Line and the North-South Expressway cutting through the city . Aside from the land transportation links , Ipoh is also served by the Sultan Azlan Shah Airport ."}]}, {'value': 'Perak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perak', 'summary': "Perak ( Malay pronunciation : [ peraʔ ] ) is a state of Malaysia on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula . Perak has land borders with the Malaysian states of Kedah to the north , Penang to the northwest , Kelantan and Pahang to the east , and Selangor to the south . Thailand 's Yala and Narathiwat provinces both lie to the northeast . Perak 's capital city , Ipoh , was known historically for its tin-mining activities until the price of the metal dropped , severely affecting the state 's economy . The royal capital remains Kuala Kangsar , where the palace of the Sultan of Perak is located . As of 2018 , the state 's population was 2,500,000 . Perak has diverse tropical rainforests and an equatorial climate . The state 's mountain ranges belong to the Titiwangsa Range , which is part of the larger Tenasserim Range connecting Thailand , Myanmar and Malaysia . Perak 's Mount Korbu is the highest point of the range . The discovery of an ancient skeleton in Perak supplied missing information on the migration of Homo sapiens from mainland Asia through Southeast Asia to the Australian continent . Known as Perak Man , the skeleton is dated at around 10,000 years old . An early Hindu or Buddhist kingdom , followed by several other minor kingdoms , existed before the arrival of Islam ."}]}, {'value': 'Perak FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perak_FA', 'summary': "Perak has sent a football team to play in Malaya Cup since its inaugural season in 1921 . They were also one of the founding members of the Malayan Football Association ( the predecessor to the modern Football Association of Malaysia ) in 1926 . However , the team was not officially registered until 18 April 1951 , when the newly formed governing body of Perak football , the Perak Amateur Football Association ( PAFA ) , took over its management . . Perak is the third most successful club in Malaysia Cup history , having won the competition a total of 8 times , with the last of those coming in 2018 . It also won the inaugural FA Cup in 1990 , a feat it repeated in 2004 . Since Malaysian football league competition was introduced in 1982 , the team has emerged league winners twice ( in 2002 and 2003 ) and is the only team to have never been demoted to a lower division . Perak has yet to win the Super League since its foundation in 2004 , with its best showing coming in the 06-07 and 2018 seasons where they finished runners-up . It made its continental competition debut as a professional team at the 2008 AFC Cup , making it to the Quarter-Final stage before being eliminated by Safa . In February 2016 , the club rebranded as Perak The Bos Gaurus , or Perak TBG , as part of its privatisation plan to play in Malaysia Super League . Perak subsequently acquired its club license in 2017 , in accordance with FMLLP 's requirement for all M-League clubs to acquire their licenses by the start of the 2018 season . In 2019 , Perak acquired the AFC Club License , enabling it to participate in the AFC Champions League ."}]}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darul Makmur Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darul_Makmur_Stadium', 'summary': '( Malay : Stadium Darul Makmur ) is a multi-purpose stadium located in Kuantan , Pahang , Malaysia . It is mostly use for football matches , with a capacity of 41,895 people . The stadium has a running track , in addition to the football field . It was opened in 1970 , while capacity was increased after renovations in 1995 in conjunction with Kuantan hosting the Sukma Games in 1996 and 2012 . Aras Kuasa Stadium is also home for Pahang FC .'}]}, {'value': '41,895', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuantan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuantan', 'summary': "Kuantan is the state capital of Pahang , Malaysia . It is located near the mouth of the Kuantan River and faces the South China Sea . Kuantan is the 18th largest city in Malaysia based on 2010 population , and the largest city in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia . It has been expected that Kuantan will be officially declared as a city in 2020 . The administrative centre of the state of Pahang was officially relocated to Kuantan on 27 August 1955 from Kuala Lipis and was officiated by HRH Sultan Abu Bakar Ri'ayatuddin Al Muadzam Shah , the Sultan of Pahang ."}]}, {'value': 'Pahang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pahang', 'summary': "Pahang ( Malay pronunciation : [ paˈhaŋ ] ; Jawi : ڤهڠ ) , officially Pahang Darul Makmur with the Arabic honorific Darul Makmur ( Jawi : دار المعمور , The Abode of Tranquility ) is a sultanate and a federal state of Malaysia . It is the third largest Malaysian state by area and ninth largest by population . The state occupies the basin of the Pahang River , and a stretch of the east coast as far south as Endau . Geographically located in the East Coast region of the Peninsular Malaysia , the state shares borders with the Malaysian states of Kelantan and Terengganu to the north , Perak , Selangor and Negeri Sembilan to the west , Johor to the south , while South China Sea is to the east . The Titiwangsa mountain range that forms a natural divider between the Peninsula 's east and west coasts is spread along the north and south of the state , peaking at Mount Tahan , which is 2,187m high . Although two thirds of the state is covered by dense rain forest , its central plains are intersected by numerous rivers , and along the coast there is a 32-kilometre wide expanse of alluvial soil that includes the deltas and estuarine plains of the Kuantan , Pahang , Rompin , Endau , and Mersing rivers . The state is divided into 11 administrative divisions called daerah ( districts ) - Pekan , Rompin , Maran , Temerloh , Jerantut , Bentong , Raub , Lipis , Cameron Highlands and Bera . The largest district is Jerantut , which is the main gateway to the Taman Negara national park . Pahang 's capital and largest city , Kuantan , is the eighth largest urban agglomerations by population in Malaysia . The royal capital and the official seat of the Sultan of Pahang is located at Pekan . Pekan was also the old state capital which its name translates literally into 'the town ' , it was known historically as 'Inderapura ' . Other major towns include Temerloh , Bentong and its hills resorts of Genting Highlands and Bukit Tinggi ."}]}, {'value': 'Pahang FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pahang_FA', 'summary': 'Pahang Football Club ( Malay : Kelab Bolasepak Pahang ) is a Malaysian professional football club based in Kuantan , Pahang . The association was found in 1959 to represent the state itself and has traditionally worn a yellow home kit since . In the beginning , their early home matches were held around the city public fields and outside Kuantan , predominantly around districts of Pahang . The lowest point of the club was in 2012 , as they association had been relegated to the Liga Premier . With the collective morale support from the players and the fans , Pahang FA came back from the abyss to the Liga Super in 2013 after winning the play-off match against Kedah FA , just one season after being relegated . Pahang FA nominated Abdul Azim to challenge Hamidin Amin for the FAM Presidency , as reported in a FOX Sports Asia article .'}]}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Likas Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Likas_Stadium', 'summary': 'Likas Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Likas ) is a stadium in Likas , Kota Kinabalu , Sabah , Malaysia . It is mainly used for association football and athletics and it is located within Likas Sports Complex . Likas Stadium has a capacity of 35,000 , making it the 8th largest football stadium in Malaysia in terms of seating capacity . Likas stadium is also located not far from the Kota Kinabalu city which is about 10 minutes drive or 40 minutes walk . The stadium itself is a walking distant to the nearest sport complex centre , 2km open space jogging trek which has a beautiful lake view , wall climbing facilities , skate boarding and roller blading court , tennis court and sport hostel . This stadium was originally an all-standing venue with a small grandstand that seated 200 people . A major renovation of the stadium was finished in 2001 for the hosting of the Sukma Games in 2002 . It is the home stadium for Sabah FA . It is also the start and end point of the Borneo International Marathon held annually in Kota Kinabalu . IRB Borneo Sevens Rugby is also a regularly held event here . Some big event such as music concert are also held in this stadium .'}]}, {'value': '35,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kota Kinabalu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu', 'summary': 'Kota Kinabalu ( Malaysian pronunciation : [ ˈkota kinaˈbalu ] ) is the state capital of Sabah , Malaysia . It is also the capital of the Kota Kinabalu District as well as the West Coast Division of Sabah . The city is located on the northwest coast of Borneo facing the South China Sea . The Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park lies to its west and Mount Kinabalu , which gave the city its name , is located to its east . Kota Kinabalu has a population of 452,058 according to the 2010 census ; when the adjacent Penampang and Putatan districts are included , the metro area has a combined population of 628,725 . In the 15th century , the area of Kota Kinabalu was under the influence of Bruneian Empire . In the 19th century , the British North Borneo Company ( BNBC ) first set up a settlement near the Gaya Island . However , it was destroyed by fire in 1897 by a local leader named Mat Salleh . In July 1899 , the place located opposite to the Gaya Island was identified as a suitable place for settlements . Development in the area was started soon after that ; and the place was named Api-api before it was renamed after the vice-chairman of BNBC as Jesselton . Jesselton became a major trading port in the area , and was connected to the North Borneo Railway . Jesselton was largely destroyed during World War II .'}]}, {'value': 'Sabah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sabah', 'summary': "Sabah ( Malay pronunciation : [ saˈbah ] ) is a state of Malaysia located on the northern portion of Borneo . Sabah has land borders with the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and Indonesia 's Kalimantan region to the south . The Federal Territory of Labuan is an island just off the Sabah coast . Sabah shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the west and the Philippines to the north and east . Kota Kinabalu is the state capital city , the economic centre of the state and the seat of the Sabah state government . Other major towns in Sabah include Sandakan and Tawau . As of the 2015 census in Malaysia , the state 's population is 3,543,500 . Sabah has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests and abundant animal and plant species . The state has long mountain ranges on the west side which form part of the Crocker Range National Park . Kinabatangan River , second longest river in Malaysia runs through Sabah and Mount Kinabalu is the highest point of Sabah as well as of Malaysia . The earliest human settlement in Sabah can be traced back to 20,000-30,000 years ago along the Darvel Bay area at the Madai-Baturong caves . The state had a trading relationship with China from the 14th century AD ."}]}, {'value': 'Sabah FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sabah_FA', 'summary': "Sabah Football Association ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Sabah ) is a football club that supervises football in the state of Sabah . The association 's football team competes in Malaysia 's football league representing the state of Sabah in Borneo . It is one of the 14 state teams of the Malaysian football structure . They currently compete in Malaysia 's top division professional football league , the Malaysia Super League . The team 's home matches are played at the 35,000 capacity Likas Stadium in Kota Kinabalu , the capital city of Sabah . The team has won the Malaysia FA Cup in 1995 , the Malaysian Premier League ( top tier ) in 1996 , and the Malaysia Premier League ( second tier ) in 2019 . In 1995 , the team also advanced to the second round of the Asian Cup Winners ' Cup after beating An Giang of V-League by 3-1 on aggregate , only to crashing out later to Bellmare Hiratsuka ( current Shonan Bellmare ) of J-League by 1-7 on aggregate ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darul Aman Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darul_Aman_Stadium', 'summary': "The Darul Aman Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Darul Aman ) is an all-seater and a multi-purpose stadium in Alor Setar , Kedah , Malaysia . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium was opened officially by the Sultan of Kedah in 1962 during Malaya winning 1-0 against South Korea . It has a capacity of 32,387 seats after the expansion in 1997 . It was one of the venues for the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship . It is the official stadium for Malaysian Super League 's club Kedah FA ."}]}, {'value': '32,387', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alor Star', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alor_Star', 'summary': "Alor Setar ( Jawi : الور ستار ) , known as Alor Star from 2004 to 2008 , is the state capital of Kedah , Malaysia . It is the second-largest city in the state after Sungai Petani and one of the most-important cities on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . It sits along the country 's longest expressway , located 400 km ( 250 mi ) from Kuala Lumpur and 79 km ( 49 mi ) north of George Town , Penang . The city is home to the Central State Administration Centre and is the administrative centre of Kota Setar District . Its location along the main travel route from Malaysia to Thailand has long made it a major transportation hub in the northern Malay Peninsula . At present , the city covers a land area of 666 km2 ( 257 sq mi ) , which is occupied by more than 300,000 inhabitants ( as per the 2010 census ) . At the local-government level , Alor Setar is administered by the Alor Setar City Council . Golden Triangle Alor Setar encompasses heritage trails , interesting places etc . It also become a place of high value property . Alor Setar is the birthplace of two Malaysian prime ministers , YTM Tunku Abdul Rahman and Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad ."}]}, {'value': 'Kedah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kedah', 'summary': "Kedah ( Malay pronunciation : [ kəˈdɑh ] ; Jawi : قدح ) , also known by its honorific Darul Aman or Abode of Safety , [ citation needed ] is a state of Malaysia , located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia . The state covers a total area of over 9,000 km² , and it consists of the mainland and the Langkawi islands . The mainland has a relatively flat terrain , which is used to grow rice , while Langkawi is an archipelago , most of which are uninhabited islands . Kedah was previously known as Kadaram ( Tamil : கடாரம் ; kadāram ) by the ancient and medieval Tamils , Kataha or Kalahbar ( Arabic : قتح ; qataḥa or Arabic : قلحبر ; qalaḥbar ) by the Arabs , [ citation needed ] and Syburi ( Thai : ไทรบุรี ; RTGS : Sai Buri ) by the Siamese when it was under their influence . To the north , Kedah borders the state of Perlis and shares an international boundary with the Songkhla and Yala provinces of Thailand . It borders the states of Perak to the south and Penang to the southwest . The state 's capital is Alor Setar and the royal seat is in Anak Bukit . Other major towns include Sungai Petani , and Kulim on the mainland , and Kuah on Langkawi ."}]}, {'value': 'Kedah FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kedah_FA', 'summary': 'Kedah Football Association ( Malay : Persatuan Bola Sepak Kedah ) is a football association that supervises football in the state of Kedah , Malaysia . They are the only team in the history of Malaysian football to have achieved treble titles twice , in 2006-07 and 2007-08 seasons . Kedah FA is a professional football team from Malaysia that is based in Alor Setar . It represents the state of Kedah , under the supervision of Kedah Football Association . Kedah FA currently plays in the Malaysia Super League .'}]}, {'value': '1962', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tan Sri Dato Hj Hassan Yunos Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tan_Sri_Dato_Hj_Hassan_Yunos_Stadium', 'summary': "The Tan Sri Dato ' Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Larkin , Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium holds 30,000 people and opened in 1964 . It was named after former Menteri Besar of Johor , Hassan Yunos ."}]}, {'value': '30,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johor Bahru', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johor_Bahru', 'summary': "Johor Bahru ( Malaysian pronunciation : [ ˈdʒohor ˈbahru ] ) is the capital of the state of Johor , Malaysia . It is situated along the Straits of Johor at the southern end of Peninsular Malaysia . The city has a population of 497,097 within an area of 220 km2 . Johor Bahru is adjacent to the city of Iskandar Puteri , both anchoring Malaysia 's third largest urban agglomeration , Iskandar Malaysia , with a population of 1,638,219 . Johor Bahru was founded in 1855 as Tanjung Puteri when the Sultanate of Johor came under the influence of Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim . The area was renamed Johore Bahru in 1862 and became the capital of the Sultanate when the Sultanate administration centre was moved there from Telok Blangah . During the reign of Sultan Abu Bakar , there was development and modernisation within the city ; with the construction of administrative buildings , schools , religious buildings , and railways connecting to Woodlands in Singapore . Johor Bahru was occupied by the Japanese forces from 1942 to 1945 . Johor Bahru became the cradle of Malay nationalism after the war and gave birth to a political party named United Malays National Organisation ( UMNO ) in 1946 . After the formation of Malaysia in 1963 , Johor Bahru retained its status as state capital and was granted city status in 1994 ."}]}, {'value': 'Johor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johor', 'summary': "Johor ( /dʒəˈhɔːr/ ) , formerly known as Johore , is a state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula . Johor has land borders with the Malaysian states of Pahang to the north and Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the northwest . Johor shares maritime borders with Singapore to the south and Indonesia to both the west and east . Johor Bahru is the capital city and the economic centre of the state , Kota Iskandar is the seat of the state government , and Muar serves as the royal town of the state . The old state capital is Johor Lama . As of 2017 , the state 's population is 3,700,000 . Johor has highly diverse tropical rainforests and an equatorial climate . The state 's mountain ranges form part of the Titiwangsa Range , which is part of the larger Tenasserim Range connected to Thailand and Myanmar , with Mount Ophir being the highest point in Johor . An early Johor-centred kingdom had early contact with Funan based on the exchange of gifts . After the demise of the kingdom , much of the Malay coast fell under the jurisdiction of Siam and later Majapahit . Several decades later , with the emergence of the Malaccan Empire , Islam spread throughout the Malay Archipelago . After the fall of the empire to the Portuguese , remnants of the Malaccan royal family moved to a river in the southern Malay Peninsula known to the locals as the Johor River and establishing a new sultanate , which became the Johor Empire ."}]}, {'value': "Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Johor_Darul_Ta'zim_F.C.", 'summary': "Johor Darul Ta'zim Football Club ( Malay : Kelab Bola Sepak Johor Darul Ta'zim ) , or simply JDT , is a football club based in Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia . The club was founded in 1972 ( as PKENJ FC ) and currently plays in the top division of Malaysian football , the Malaysia Super League . The club is owned by Tunku Ismail Sultan Ibrahim . In 2014 , JDT gained their first major honour by winning the national league during the first season under Croatian manager Bojan Hodak . Under Argentine Mario Gómez 's tutelage , they won the 2015 AFC Cup as well as the Malaysian Piala Sumbangsih and 2015 Super League . By winning the AFC Cup , JDT became the second Malaysian team since 1967 to enter a final of a major continental competition , and the first ever Malaysian club to win a continental title . JDT is the first team in the country to win six consecutive league titles ( 2014 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 , 2018 , and 2019 ) . Before this achievement , no team had ever won the league championship more than twice in a row since the league system was first introduced in Malaysia in 1979 . Since 2012 , Johor Darul Ta'zim FC also implied a new nickname Southern Tigers ( Malay : Harimau Selatan ) , replacing the old nickname Jengking ( Scorpion ) . The new nickname is based on the Johor State Council coat of arms . The team 's home ground is a 40,000 capacity Sultan Ibrahim Larkin Stadium . Since 2013 , the club has developed a fierce rivalry with Pahang FA and Felda United ."}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sultan_Ismail_Nasiruddin_Shah_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ) is a multipurpose stadium in Kuala Terengganu , Terengganu , Malaysia . The stadium is named after the fourth Sultan of Terengganu . The stadium holds 15,000 people . It is used mainly for football matches and serves as the home ground of Terengganu FC II , a feeder team of Terengganu FC .'}]}, {'value': '15,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuala Terengganu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Terengganu', 'summary': "Kuala Terengganu , often abbreviated as K.T. , is a city , the administrative capital , royal capital and the main economic centre of Terengganu , Malaysia . Kuala Terengganu is also the capital of Kuala Terengganu District . It is also the only royal capital among the nine royal states of the country that bore its state 's name . Kuala Terengganu is located about 440 kilometres northeast of Kuala Lumpur on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia . The city is situated at the estuary of Terengganu River , facing the South China Sea . As a district , Kuala Terengganu is the smallest in terms of area , but it ( together with the Kuala Nerus District that form the city area ) has the largest population in Terengganu with a population of 406,317 in 2010 . City status was awarded to Kuala Terengganu with the title Bandaraya Warisan Pesisir Air ( English : Waterfront Heritage City ) on 1 January 2008 . Besides being a major political and economic centre to the state , the city is also the main gateway to many of the state 's tourist destinations . The attractions in and around the city include Kampung Cina , Pasar Besar Kedai Payang , Terengganu State Museum , and Batu Buruk Beach . Even though the city is not spared from modernity and development , Kuala Terengganu still retains strong Malay influences that are intermixed with other cultures from its long history as a port ."}]}, {'value': 'Terengganu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terengganu', 'summary': 'Terengganu ( Malay pronunciation : [ tərəŋɡanu ] ; Jawi : ترڠݢانو , Terengganu Malay : Tranung , Thai : ตรังกานู ) formerly spelled Trengganu or Tringganu , is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia . The state is also known by its Arabic honorific , Dāru l-Īmān ( Abode of Faith ) . The coastal city of Kuala Terengganu which stands at the mouth of the broad Terengganu River is both the state and royal capital as well as the largest city in Terengganu . There are many islands located close to the coast of Terengganu state , such as Redang Island .'}]}, {'value': 'Terengganu FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terengganu_FC', 'summary': 'This club did not have much success in the 1970s with only a single appearance in the Malaysia Cup final , losing to Selangor 2-1 in a match played at the Merdeka Stadium . It was the same in the 1980s with another final appearance in 1982 , ironically also against Selangor . It was the same outcome with Selangor winning 1-0 after extra-time . [ citation needed ] When the Semi-Professional League was introduced in 1989 , Terengganu F.C . were in the second division based on their final position in the previous season . [ citation needed ] They recruited giant Dutch defender , Marlon Ricardo van der Sander and Singaporean duo , Ahmad Paijan and Norhalis Shafik to boost their squad and finished the season in a credible fourth place but ultimately failed to win promotion . [ citation needed ] In the 1990 season , they went all the way to emerge as the second division champion under the guidance of head coach , Abdullah Mohamad with German striker , Frank Pastor finding the back of the net on regular basis aided by midfield duo Martin Buisse and Ahmad Paijan . They lost only once in the league all season to finish three points clear of East Coast rival , Kelantan FA . [ citation needed ] In the 1992 season , Terengganu F.C . recorded their highest ever finish in the league when they finished as runner-up to Pahang FA . The Elephants broke The Turtles hearts again in the semi finals of the Malaysia Cup competition after the both sides failed to score in 180 minutes of play , the match went into sudden-death extra-time . Zulhamizan Zakaria found the net for Pahang FA and Terengganu F.C .'}]}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Petaling Jaya Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Petaling_Jaya_Stadium', 'summary': "The Petaling Jaya Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in the suburb of Kelana Jaya in Petaling Jaya , Selangor , Malaysia . The stadium was opened in 1996 and has a capacity of 25,000 . It was built in time for the 1998 Commonwealth Games , and hosted the Games ' rugby union matches . Currently , the stadium mostly being used for football matches . Current tenant for the stadium are Petaling Jaya Rangers and MISC-MIFA ."}]}, {'value': '25,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Petaling Jaya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Petaling_Jaya', 'summary': 'Petaling Jaya ( commonly called PJ by locals ) is a major Malaysian city originally developed as a satellite township for Kuala Lumpur . It is located in the Petaling District of Selangor with an area of approximately 97.2 square kilometres ( 37.5 sq mi ) . Petaling Jaya was granted city status on 20 June 2006 . Petaling Jaya is surrounded by the Malaysian capital , Kuala Lumpur to the east , Sungai Buloh to the north , Shah Alam , the capital of Selangor and Subang Jaya to the west and Bandar Kinrara ( Puchong ) to the south .'}]}, {'value': 'Selangor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selangor', 'summary': "Selangor ( /səˈlæŋər/ ; Malay : [ s ( ə ) laŋo ( r ) ] ) , also known by its Arabic honorific Darul Ehsan , or Abode of Sincerity , is one of the 13 states of Malaysia . It is on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and is bordered by Perak to the north , Pahang to the east , Negeri Sembilan to the south and the Strait of Malacca to the west . Selangor surrounds the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya , both of which were previously part of it . The state capital of Selangor is Shah Alam and its royal capital is Klang . Petaling Jaya and Subang Jaya received city status in 2006 and 2019 , respectively . Selangor is one of four Malaysian states that contain more than one city with official city status ; the others are Sarawak , Johor , and Penang . The state of Selangor has the largest economy in Malaysia in terms of gross domestic product ( GDP ) , with RM 239.968 billion ( roughly US $ 55.5 billion ) in 2015 , comprising 22.6% of the country 's GDP . It is the most developed state in Malaysia ; it has good infrastructure such as highways and transport , and has the largest population in Malaysia , a high standard of living and the lowest poverty rate in the country ."}]}, {'value': 'Petaling Jaya City FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Petaling_Jaya_City_FC', 'summary': 'Petaling Jaya City Football Club , or simply PJ City , is a professional Malaysian football club based in Petaling Jaya , Selangor . Founded in 2004 as MIFA , the club currently competes in Malaysia Super League . The club is owned by the QI Group . The club were established to represent Petaling Jaya community . In 2016 , the club has won the Malaysia FAM League title and has been promoted to the second division of Malaysian football , the Malaysia Premier League . The club is known by its current name since 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'City Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_Stadium_(Penang)', 'summary': 'The City Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in George Town , Penang , Malaysia , and serves as the home stadium of the Penang state football team , Penang FA . The oldest built stadium still in use in Malaysia , it was built in 1932 by the British government . The stadium has a capacity of approximately 25,000 people and is now mainly used for football matches involving Penang FA , such as the Malaysian Super League . It is also well-known for the vociferous home support , dubbed the Keramat Roar . The stadium was the site where Mohd Faiz Subri , a Penang FA player , scored a physics-defying free kick goal during a Malaysian Super League match in 2016 . He was awarded the prestigious FIFA Puskás Award the following year for this particular effort .'}]}, {'value': '25,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Georgetown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgetown,_Penang', 'summary': "George Town , officially the City of Penang Island ( Malay : Bandaraya Pulau Pinang ) , is the capital city of the Malaysian state of Penang . The city comprises of Penang Island and its surrounding smaller islands . George Town is Malaysia 's third most populous city with 708,127 inhabitants as of 2010 [ update ] , while Greater Penang is the nation 's second largest conurbation with a population of 2,412,616 . The historical core of George Town has been inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2008 . Established as an entrepôt by Francis Light of the British East India Company in 1786 , George Town was the first British settlement in Southeast Asia . Together with Singapore and Malacca , George Town formed part of the Straits Settlements , which became a British crown colony in 1867 . It was subjugated by Japan during World War II , before being recaptured by the British at war 's end . Shortly before Malaya attained independence from the British in 1957 , George Town was declared a city by Queen Elizabeth II , making it the first city in the country 's modern history . Due to the intermingling of the various ethnicities and religions that arrived on its shores , George Town acquired a large eclectic assortment of colonial and Asian architectural styles . It also gained a reputation as Malaysia 's gastronomic capital for its distinct and ubiquitous street food . Moreover , the city hosts unique cultural heritage , such as the Peranakans whose legacies are still visible on Penang 's architecture and cuisine . The city of George Town includes the Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone , a high-tech manufacturing hub regarded as the Silicon Valley of the East ."}]}, {'value': 'Penang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penang', 'summary': "Penang is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia , by the Malacca Strait . It has two parts : Penang Island , where the capital city , George Town , is located , and Seberang Perai on the Malay Peninsula . They are connected by Malaysia 's two longest road bridges , the Penang Bridge and the Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge ; the latter is also as of May 2019 the longest oversea bridge in Southeast Asia . The second smallest Malaysian state by land mass , Penang is bordered by Kedah to the north and the east , and Perak to the south . Penang 's population stood at nearly 1.767 million as of 2018 [ update ] , while its population density rose to 1,684/km2 ( 4,360/sq mi ) . It has among the nation 's highest population densities and is one of the country 's most urbanised states . Seberang Perai is Malaysia 's second largest city by population . Its heterogeneous population is highly diverse in ethnicity , culture , language and religion . Aside from the three main races , the Malays , Chinese , and Indians , Penang is home to significant Eurasian , Siamese and expatriate communities . George Town is also home to a UNESCO World Heritage Site . A resident of Penang is colloquially known as a Penangite or Penang Lâng ( in Penang Hokkien ) . Penang 's modern history began in 1786 , upon the establishment of George Town by Francis Light ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1932', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tuanku Syed Putra Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tuanku_Syed_Putra_Stadium', 'summary': 'Tuanku Syed Putra Stadium or Stadium Utama Kangar is a multi-purpose stadium in Kangar , Perlis , Malaysia . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium holds 20,000 people and opened in 1995 .'}]}, {'value': '20,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kangar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kangar', 'summary': 'Kangar is the state capital of Perlis , Malaysia . It has a population of 48,898 and an area of 2,619.4 ha . It is located in the northernmost point of Peninsular Malaysia and is situated by the Perlis River . The centre of Kangar is Sena Province . The town is the smallest state capital in Malaysia and its inhabitants are mostly farmers and civil servants . The name Kangar was derived from a type of tree .'}]}, {'value': 'Perlis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perlis', 'summary': 'Perlis , also known by its honorific title Perlis Indera Kayangan , [ n 1 ] is the smallest state in Malaysia . It lies at the northern part of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and has the Satun and Songkhla Provinces of Thailand on its northern border . It is bordered by the state of Kedah to the south . It was called Palit ( Thai : ปะลิส ) by the Siamese when it was under their influence . Perlis had a population of 227,025 as of 2010 . The capital of Perlis is Kangar , and the royal capital is Arau . Another important town is Padang Besar , at the Malaysia-Thailand border and Kuala Perlis , the ferry town to Langkawi . The main port and ferry terminal is at the small village of Kuala Perlis , linking mostly to Langkawi Island . Another important lately developed area is Pauh Putra within subdistrict of Kurong Anai which houses the main campus of Malaysia University of Perlis and Politeknik Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin . Perlis has a famous snake farm and research centre at Sungai Batu Pahat . Among the main tourist attractions are Perlis State Park and Gua Kelam . Perlis currently has an island within its waters , Pulau Batu Layang near Perlis Power Plant , Kuala Sungai Bharu .'}]}, {'value': 'Perlis Northern Lions F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perlis_Northern_Lions_F.C.', 'summary': 'Perlis Football Association ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Perlis ) , also known as Perlis FA , is a football team based in Kangar , Perlis , Malaysia . The team was founded in 1963 and currently suspended from FIFA by playing in the second division of Malaysian football , the 2019 Malaysia Premier League . Year 2019 is the first ever Perlis did not enter any tournament in Malaysian League since 1963 .'}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Stadium', 'summary': "The Kuala Lumpur Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Bola Sepak Kuala Lumpur ) or Bandar Tun Razak Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Bandar Tun Razak , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . It is currently used mostly for football matches . It is the current home stadium of the Kuala Lumpur FA and the Malaysia . Former Malaysian football teams that used the stadium as their home ground are Felda United , PDRM and PLUS FC and Selangor . The stadium has a capacity of 18,000 people . The stadium has been closed since July 2011 due to the City Hall 's reluctance to repair the pitch . Starting in 2012 , this stadium has been used for Rugby matches . It is used for the first match of the 2013 Media Prima 6 Regions , between Kelab Rakan Muda Malaysia vs Singapore Cricket Club . This stadium is currently under major renovation and expansion . It is expected to re-open with a new 18,000 all-seated capacity ."}]}, {'value': '18,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur ( Malaysian pronunciation : [ ˈkualə , -a ˈlumpo ( r ) , -ʊ ( r ) ] ) , officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur ( Malay : Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur ) and commonly known as KL , is the national capital and largest city in Malaysia . As the global city of Malaysia , it covers an area of 243 km2 ( 94 sq mi ) and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016 [ update ] . Greater Kuala Lumpur , also known as the Klang Valley , is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017 [ update ] . It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia , in both population and economic development . Kuala Lumpur is the cultural , financial and economic centre of Malaysia . It is also home to the Parliament of Malaysia and the official residence of the Malaysian King ( Yang di-Pertuan Agong ) , the Istana Negara . The city once held the headquarters of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government , but these were relocated to Putrajaya in early 1999 . However , some sections of the political bodies still remain in Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur is one of the three federal territories of Malaysia , enclaved within the state of Selangor , on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Since the 1990s , the city has played host to many international sporting , political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the 2017 Southeast Asian Games . Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world , the Petronas Towers , which have since become an iconic symbol of Malaysian development . Kuala Lumpur has a comprehensive road system supported by an extensive range of public transport networks , such as the Mass Rapid Transit ( MRT ) , Light Metro ( LRT ) , Bus Rapid Transit ( BRT ) , monorail , commuter rail and an airport rail link .'}]}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur ( Malaysian pronunciation : [ ˈkualə , -a ˈlumpo ( r ) , -ʊ ( r ) ] ) , officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur ( Malay : Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur ) and commonly known as KL , is the national capital and largest city in Malaysia . As the global city of Malaysia , it covers an area of 243 km2 ( 94 sq mi ) and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016 [ update ] . Greater Kuala Lumpur , also known as the Klang Valley , is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017 [ update ] . It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia , in both population and economic development . Kuala Lumpur is the cultural , financial and economic centre of Malaysia . It is also home to the Parliament of Malaysia and the official residence of the Malaysian King ( Yang di-Pertuan Agong ) , the Istana Negara . The city once held the headquarters of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government , but these were relocated to Putrajaya in early 1999 . However , some sections of the political bodies still remain in Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur is one of the three federal territories of Malaysia , enclaved within the state of Selangor , on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Since the 1990s , the city has played host to many international sporting , political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the 2017 Southeast Asian Games . Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world , the Petronas Towers , which have since become an iconic symbol of Malaysian development . Kuala Lumpur has a comprehensive road system supported by an extensive range of public transport networks , such as the Mass Rapid Transit ( MRT ) , Light Metro ( LRT ) , Bus Rapid Transit ( BRT ) , monorail , commuter rail and an airport rail link .'}]}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_FA', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur Football Association is a football association who supervising the football activities in the Federal Territory of Malaysia of Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur Football Association was formed in 1975 to oversee footballing in Kuala Lumpur . The association was founded by K. Rasalingam and Goh Ah Chai as the Federal Territory Football Association in 1975 and entered Malaysian football competitions in 1979 before being renamed Kuala Lumpur Football Association in 1986 . Kuala Lumpur had its most successful period in the late 1980s after being crowned the league champions twice in 1986 and 1988 . They also won the Malaysia Cup for three consecutive years in 1987 , 1988 and 1989 . The team enjoyed considerable success in cup competitions in the 1990s , winning the Malaysian FA Cup in 1993 , 1994 and 1999 . Kuala Lumpur won the Malaysian Charity Shield , also known as the Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Cup on three occasions , in 1988 , 1995 and 2000 . Following its founding , a fierce rivalry developed between Kuala Lumpur and Selangor mainly due to their geographical location . The battle between these two teams is often referred to as the Klang Valley Derby which was renewed in the 2010 season after KL ended a seven-year spell in the second-tier with promotion to the Malaysia Super League . KL were relegated to the second-tier Malaysia Premier League in 2012 and the following year , in 2013 , Kuala Lumpur were relegated to the third-tier Malaysia FAM League for the first time in its history .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Putra Indoor Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Putra_Indoor_Stadium', 'summary': 'Putra Indoor Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Putra ) , currently named as Axiata Arena for sponsorship reasons , is an indoor arena in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia .'}]}, {'value': '10,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur ( Malaysian pronunciation : [ ˈkualə , -a ˈlumpo ( r ) , -ʊ ( r ) ] ) , officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur ( Malay : Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur ) and commonly known as KL , is the national capital and largest city in Malaysia . As the global city of Malaysia , it covers an area of 243 km2 ( 94 sq mi ) and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016 [ update ] . Greater Kuala Lumpur , also known as the Klang Valley , is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017 [ update ] . It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia , in both population and economic development . Kuala Lumpur is the cultural , financial and economic centre of Malaysia . It is also home to the Parliament of Malaysia and the official residence of the Malaysian King ( Yang di-Pertuan Agong ) , the Istana Negara . The city once held the headquarters of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government , but these were relocated to Putrajaya in early 1999 . However , some sections of the political bodies still remain in Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur is one of the three federal territories of Malaysia , enclaved within the state of Selangor , on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Since the 1990s , the city has played host to many international sporting , political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the 2017 Southeast Asian Games . Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world , the Petronas Towers , which have since become an iconic symbol of Malaysian development . Kuala Lumpur has a comprehensive road system supported by an extensive range of public transport networks , such as the Mass Rapid Transit ( MRT ) , Light Metro ( LRT ) , Bus Rapid Transit ( BRT ) , monorail , commuter rail and an airport rail link .'}]}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur ( Malaysian pronunciation : [ ˈkualə , -a ˈlumpo ( r ) , -ʊ ( r ) ] ) , officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur ( Malay : Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur ) and commonly known as KL , is the national capital and largest city in Malaysia . As the global city of Malaysia , it covers an area of 243 km2 ( 94 sq mi ) and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016 [ update ] . Greater Kuala Lumpur , also known as the Klang Valley , is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017 [ update ] . It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia , in both population and economic development . Kuala Lumpur is the cultural , financial and economic centre of Malaysia . It is also home to the Parliament of Malaysia and the official residence of the Malaysian King ( Yang di-Pertuan Agong ) , the Istana Negara . The city once held the headquarters of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government , but these were relocated to Putrajaya in early 1999 . However , some sections of the political bodies still remain in Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur is one of the three federal territories of Malaysia , enclaved within the state of Selangor , on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Since the 1990s , the city has played host to many international sporting , political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the 2017 Southeast Asian Games . Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world , the Petronas Towers , which have since become an iconic symbol of Malaysian development . Kuala Lumpur has a comprehensive road system supported by an extensive range of public transport networks , such as the Mass Rapid Transit ( MRT ) , Light Metro ( LRT ) , Bus Rapid Transit ( BRT ) , monorail , commuter rail and an airport rail link .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pasir Gudang Corporation Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pasir_Gudang_Corporation_Stadium', 'summary': "The Pasir Gudang Corporation Stadium ( Malay : Stadium Perbadanan Pasir Gudang ) is a multi-use stadium in Pasir Gudang , Johor Bahru District , Johor , Malaysia . It has both an indoor stadium and an outdoor stadium within its compound . The outdoor stadium can hold a maximum of 15,000 people and is currently used mostly for football matches , serving as the home stadium to Johor Darul Ta'zim II F.C . in the Malaysia Premier League ."}]}, {'value': '15,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pasir Gudang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pasir_Gudang', 'summary': 'Pasir Gudang is an industrial town located in Mukim Plentong , Johor Bahru District , Johor , Malaysia . The main industries are transportation and logistics , shipbuilding , petrochemicals and other heavy industries , and oil palm storage and distribution , which is located in Johor Port and Tanjung Langsat .'}]}, {'value': 'Johor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johor', 'summary': "Johor ( /dʒəˈhɔːr/ ) , formerly known as Johore , is a state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula . Johor has land borders with the Malaysian states of Pahang to the north and Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the northwest . Johor shares maritime borders with Singapore to the south and Indonesia to both the west and east . Johor Bahru is the capital city and the economic centre of the state , Kota Iskandar is the seat of the state government , and Muar serves as the royal town of the state . The old state capital is Johor Lama . As of 2017 , the state 's population is 3,700,000 . Johor has highly diverse tropical rainforests and an equatorial climate . The state 's mountain ranges form part of the Titiwangsa Range , which is part of the larger Tenasserim Range connected to Thailand and Myanmar , with Mount Ophir being the highest point in Johor . An early Johor-centred kingdom had early contact with Funan based on the exchange of gifts . After the demise of the kingdom , much of the Malay coast fell under the jurisdiction of Siam and later Majapahit . Several decades later , with the emergence of the Malaccan Empire , Islam spread throughout the Malay Archipelago . After the fall of the empire to the Portuguese , remnants of the Malaccan royal family moved to a river in the southern Malay Peninsula known to the locals as the Johor River and establishing a new sultanate , which became the Johor Empire ."}]}, {'value': "Johor Darul Ta'zim II F.C", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Johor_Darul_Ta'zim_II_F.C.", 'summary': "Johor Darul Ta'zim Football Club II ( /jəˈhɔːr/ ; Malay : Kelab Bolasepak Johor Darul Ta'zim II ) or simply JDT II is a Malaysian football club based in Johor Bahru , Johor . The club currently plays in the Malaysia Premier League , the second division professional football league in Malaysia . Johor Darul Ta'zim II is a reserve team for Johor Darul Ta'zim ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'List of Stadium', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_stadiums_in_Malaysia_1', 'intro': 'This is a list of stadium in Malaysia.'}	null	null	What was the namesake of the the Malaysian stadium located in Melaka ?	Malacca Sultanate
0a14add4cb5f55da	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Florida', 'title': 'List of National Historic Landmarks in Florida', 'header': ['', 'Landmark name', 'Date designated', 'Location', 'County', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mary McLeod Bethune Home', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune_Home', 'summary': 'The Mary McLeod Bethune Home is a historic house on the campus of Bethune-Cookman University in Daytona Beach , Florida . Built in the early-1900s , it was home to Mary McLeod Bethune ( 1875-1955 ) , a prominent African-American educator and civil rights leader , from 1913 until her death . It was designated a United States National Historic Landmark in 1974 It is now managed by the Mary McLeod Bethune Foundation as a historic house museum .'}]}, {'value': 'December 2 , 1974 ( # 74000655 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daytona Beach 29°12′39″N 81°01′56″W / 29.210789°N 81.032098°W / 29.210789 ; -81.032098 ( Mary McLeod Bethune Home )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daytona_Beach,_Florida', 'summary': 'Daytona Beach is a city in Volusia County , Florida , United States . It lies approximately 51 miles ( 82.1 km ) northeast of Orlando , 86 miles ( 138.4 km ) southeast of Jacksonville , and 265 miles ( 426.5 km ) northwest of Miami . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , it had a population of 61,005 . It is a principal city of the Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach metropolitan area , which was home to 600,756 people as of 2013 . Daytona Beach is also a principal city of the Fun Coast region of Florida . The city is historically known for its beach , where the hard-packed sand allows motorized vehicles to drive on the beach in restricted areas . This hard-packed sand made Daytona Beach a mecca for motorsports , and the old Daytona Beach Road Course hosted races for over 50 years . This was replaced in 1959 by Daytona International Speedway . The city is also the headquarters for NASCAR . Daytona Beach hosts large groups of out-of-towners during the year , who visit the city for various events , notably Speedweeks in early February when over 200,000 NASCAR fans come to attend the season-opening Daytona 500 . Other events include the NASCAR Coke Zero Sugar 400 race in July , Bike Week in early March , Biketoberfest in late October , and the 24 Hours of Daytona endurance race in January .'}]}, {'value': 'Volusia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Volusia_County,_Florida', 'summary': 'Volusia County ( /vəˈluːʃə/ və-LOO-shə ) is located in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Florida , stretching between the St. Johns River and the Atlantic Ocean . As of the 2010 census , the county was home to 494,593 people , an increase of 11.6% from 2000 . It was founded on December 29 , 1854 from part of Orange County and was named for the community of Volusia , located in northwestern Volusia County . Its first county seat was Enterprise . Since 1887 , its county seat has been DeLand . Volusia County is part of the Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach , FL metropolitan statistical area , and is also part of the larger Orlando-Deltona-Daytona Beach , FL Combined Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Home of Mary McLeod Bethune , educator and civil rights leader', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune', 'summary': "{ { Info-box person \|name= Mary McLeod Bethune \|image= Mary McLeod Bethune ( 1949 ) .jpg \|imagesize= \|caption= Mary Jane McLeod Bethune , photographed by Carl Van Vechten , April 6 , 1949 \|birth_date= ( 1875-07-10 ) July 10 , 1875 \|birth_name= Mary Jane McLeod \|birth_place= Mayesville , South Carolina , U.S. \|death_date= { { death date and age\|May18,1955 Age 79 \|death_place= Daytona Beach , Florida , U.S. \|occupation= Educator , Author , and African American civil rights leader \|spouse= Albertus Bethune , m. 1898 , died 1918 \|children=1 Albert Bethune Mary Jane McLeod Bethune ( born Mary Jane McLeod ; July 10 , 1875 - May 18 , 1955 ) was an American educator , stateswoman , philanthropist , humanitarian , womanist , and civil rights activist . Bethune founded the National Council for Negro Women in 1935 , established the organization 's flagship journal Aframerican Women 's Journal , and resided as president or leader for myriad African American women 's organizations including the National Association for Colored Women and the National Youth Administration 's Negro Division . She also was appointed as a national adviser to president Franklin D. Roosevelt , whom she worked with to create the Federal Council on Negro Affairs , also known as the Black Cabinet . She is well known for starting a private school for African-American students in Daytona Beach , Florida ; it later continued to develop as Bethune-Cookman University . Bethune was the sole African American woman officially a part of the US delegation that created the United Nations charter , and she held a leadership position for the Women 's Army Auxiliary Corps . For her lifetime of activism , she was deemed acknowledged First Lady of Negro America by Ebony magazine in July 1949 and was known by the Black Press as the Female Booker T. Washington . She was known as The First Lady of The Struggle because of her commitment to gain better lives for African Americans . Born in Mayesville , South Carolina , to parents who had been slaves , she started working in fields with her family at age five . She took an early interest in becoming educated ; with the help of benefactors , Bethune attended college hoping to become a missionary in Africa . She started a school for African-American girls in Daytona Beach , Florida . It later merged with a private institute for African-American boys and was known as the Bethune-Cookman School . Bethune maintained high standards and promoted the school with tourists and donors , to demonstrate what educated African Americans could do ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bok Tower Gardens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bok_Tower_Gardens', 'summary': 'Bok Tower Gardens ( also known as Bok Mountain Lake Sanctuary and Singing Tower ) is a contemplative garden , and bird sanctuary located north of Lake Wales , Florida , United States . It consists of a 250-acre ( 100 ha ) garden , the 205-foot ( 62 m ) tall Singing Tower with its carillon bells , Pine Ridge Trail , Pinewood Estate , and a visitor center . The tower is built upon Iron Mountain , one of the highest points of peninsular Florida , estimated to be 295 feet ( 90 m ) above sea level . It is a National Historic Landmark that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places , nationally significant for its association with Edward W. Bok and its designers . Bok Tower Gardens is open daily and an admission fee is charged .'}]}, {'value': 'April 19 , 1993 ( # 72000350 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lake Wales 27°56′06″N 81°34′37″W / 27.935°N 81.576944°W / 27.935 ; -81.576944 ( Bok Tower Gardens )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Wales,_Florida', 'summary': 'Lake Wales is a city in Polk County , Florida , United States . The population was 14,225 at the 2010 census . As of 2018 [ update ] , the population estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau is 16,577 . It is part of the Lakeland-Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area . Lake Wales is located in central Florida , west of Lake Kissimmee and east of Tampa .'}]}, {'value': 'Polk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Polk_County,_Florida', 'summary': 'Polk County is located in the U.S. state of Florida . The county population was 602,095 , as of the 2010 census . Its county seat is Bartow , and its largest city is Lakeland . Polk County comprises the Lakeland-Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area . This MSA is the 87th-most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 89th-most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1 , 2012 . The center of population of Florida is located in Polk County , near the city of Lake Wales . Polk County is home to one public university , one state college , and four private universities . One Fortune 500 company , Publix Super Markets , has headquarters in the county .'}]}, {'value': 'Constructed by Ladies Home Journal editor Edward W. Bok on the highest hill in the area to create a spot of beauty second to none in the country', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ladies_Home_Journal', 'summary': "Ladies ' Home Journal is an American magazine published by the Meredith Corporation . It was first published on February 16 , 1883 , and eventually became one of the leading women 's magazines of the 20th century in the United States . From 1891 it was published in Philadelphia by the Curtis Publishing Company . In 1903 , it was the first American magazine to reach one million subscribers . In the late 20th century , changing tastes and competition from television caused it to lose circulation . Sales of the magazine ensued as the publishing company struggled . On April 24 , 2014 , Meredith announced it would stop publishing the magazine as a monthly with the July issue , stating it was transitioning Ladies ' Home Journal to a special interest publication . It is now available quarterly on newsstands only , though its website remains in operation . Ladies ' Home Journal was one of the Seven Sisters , as a group of women 's service magazines were known . The name referred to seven prestigious women 's colleges in the Northeast ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Edward_W._Bok', 'summary': "Edward William Bok ( born Eduard Willem Gerard Cesar Hidde Bok ) ( October 9 , 1863 - January 9 , 1930 ) was a Dutch-born American editor and Pulitzer Prize-winning author . He was editor of the Ladies ' Home Journal for 30 years ( 1889-1919 ) . Bok is credited with coining the term living room as the name for a room of a house that had commonly been called the parlor or drawing room . He also created Bok Tower Gardens in central Florida ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Fort', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Gadsden', 'summary': "Prospect Bluff Historic Sites ( until 2016 known as Fort Gadsden Historic Site , and sometimes written as Fort Gadsden Historic Memorial ) is located in Franklin County , Florida , on the Apalachicola River , 6 miles ( 9.7 km ) SW of Sumatra , Florida . The site contains the ruins of two forts - the earlier Negro Fort , built in 1814 by the British and destroyed in an attack from U.S. forces including a barrage of cannonballs from gunboats and Fort Gadsden , built in 1818 within the former walls of Negro Fort . The site has been known by several other names at various times , including Prospect Bluff , :48 British post , :48 Nicholls ' Fort , Blount 's Fort , Fort Blount , African Fort , and Fort Apalachicola . :60 Listed in the National Register of Historic Places , the Prospect Bluff Historic Sites is located in the Apalachicola National Forest and is managed by the U.S. Forest Service . The process of memorializing the site began in 1961 , when Florida acquired a parcel of 78 acres ( 32 ha ) including the site . Ownership was later transferred to the federal government and it was named a National Historic Landmark in 1972 . The site contains an explanatory kiosk with artifacts , picnic area with pavilion , grills , and rest rooms . There are four historic markers : Fort Gadsden , British Fort Magazine , Steamship Tragedy , and Millie Francis . There is no marker for the Negro Fort ."}]}, {'value': 'May 15 , 1975 ( # 72000318 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sumatra 29°56′23″N 85°00′45″W / 29.939767°N 85.012499°W / 29.939767 ; -85.012499 ( British Fort )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sumatra,_Florida', 'summary': 'Sumatra is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Liberty County , Florida , United States . Its population was 148 as of the 2010 census . It is located on State Road 65 . It is approximately 25 miles north of Eastpoint and 35 miles south of Hosford . The Prospect Bluff Historic Sites are located in Sumatra .'}]}, {'value': 'Franklin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franklin_County,_Florida', 'summary': 'Franklin County is a county along the Gulf of Mexico in the Florida panhandle of the U.S. state of Florida . As of the 2010 census , the population was 11,549 , making it the third-least populous county in Florida . The county seat is Apalachicola . The county includes several large preserved areas and rivers and has been home to commercial timber and fishing industry . More recently it has become popular for tourism and retirement . It includes several rivers , state parks , and islands .'}]}, {'value': 'Built during the War of 1812 and also known as Negro Fort , it was the location of a fortification occupied by runaway slaves , as well as Indians living in the area . Due to a massive explosion near the end of the war , nothing remains of the fort', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/War_of_1812', 'summary': "The War of 1812 was a conflict fought between the United States and the United Kingdom , with their respective allies , from June 1812 to February 1815 . Historians in Britain often see it as a minor theatre of the Napoleonic Wars ; historians in the United States and Canada see it as a war in its own right . From the outbreak of war with Napoleonic France , Britain had enforced a naval blockade to choke off neutral trade to France , which the US contested as illegal under international law . To man the blockade , Britain pressed American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy . American sentiment grew increasingly hostile toward Britain due to incidents such as the Chesapeake-Leopard affair , which happened five years before the war . The British were in turn outraged by the Little Belt affair in 1811 , in which 11 British sailors died . Britain supplied arms to American Indians who raided American settlers on the frontier , hindering American expansion and provoking resentment . Historians debate whether the desire to annex some or all of British North America ( Canada ) contributed to the American decision to go to war . However , the Western interest was in expansion into American territories such as Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , and Wisconsin , where they were threatened by Indians supported by the British . On June 18 , 1812 , President James Madison signed into law the American declaration of war , after heavy pressure from the War Hawks in Congress . With most of its army in Europe fighting Napoleon , Britain adopted a defensive strategy , with offensive operations initially limited to the border and the western frontier . American prosecution of the war effort suffered from its unpopularity , especially in New England , where it was referred to as Mr. Madison 's War ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Negro', 'summary': 'In the English language , Negro ( plural Negroes ) is a term historically used to denote persons considered to be of Negroid heritage . The term can be construed as offensive , inoffensive , or completely neutral , largely depending on the region or country where it is used . It has various equivalents in other languages of Europe . From the latest United States census figures , approximately 36,000 Americans identify their ethnicity as Negro .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States', 'summary': 'Native Americans , also known as American Indians , Indigenous Americans and other terms , are the indigenous peoples of the United States , except Hawaii and territories of the United States . More than 570 federally recognized tribes live within the US , about half of which are associated with Indian reservations . The term American Indian excludes Native Hawaiians and some Alaskan Natives , while Native Americans ( as defined by the US Census ) are American Indians , plus Alaska Natives of all ethnicities . The US Census does not include Native Hawaiians or Chamorro , instead being included in the Census grouping of Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander . The ancestors of living Native Americans arrived in what is now the United States at least 15,000 years ago , possibly much earlier , from Asia via Beringia . A vast variety of peoples , societies and cultures subsequently developed . Native Americans were greatly affected by the European colonization of the Americas , which began in 1492 , and their population declined precipitously overwhelmingly due to introduced diseases as well as warfare , including biological warfare , territorial confiscation and slavery . After its creation , the United States , as part of its policy of settler colonialism , waged war and perpetrated massacres against many Native American peoples , removed them from their ancestral lands , and subjected them to one-sided treaties and to discriminatory government policies into the 20th century . Since the 1960s , Native American self-determination movements have resulted in changes to the lives of Native Americans , though there are still many contemporary issues faced by Native Americans . Today , there are over five million Native Americans in the United States , 78% of whom live outside reservations . When the United States was created , established Native American tribes were generally considered semi-independent nations , as they generally lived in communities separate from British settlers . The federal government signed treaties at a government-to-government level until the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 ended recognition of independent native nations , and started treating them as domestic dependent nations subject to federal law .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cape Canaveral Air Force Station', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station', 'summary': "Cape Canaveral Air Force Station ( CCAFS ) ( known as Cape Kennedy Air Force Station from 1963 to 1973 ) is an installation of the United States Space Force 's 45th Space Wing . The facility will be renamed Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in February or March 2020 . CCAFS is headquartered at the nearby Patrick Air Force Base , and located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County , Florida , CCAFS . The station is the primary launch head of America 's Eastern Range with three launch pads currently active ( Space Launch Complexes 37B , 40 , and 41 ) . Popularly known as Cape Kennedy from 1963 to 1973 , and as Cape Canaveral from 1949 to 1963 and from 1973 to the present , the facility is south-southeast of NASA 's Kennedy Space Center on adjacent Merritt Island , with the two linked by bridges and causeways . The Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Skid Strip provides a 10,000-foot ( 3,000 m ) runway close to the launch complexes for military airlift aircraft delivering heavy and outsized payloads to the Cape . A number of American space exploration pioneers were launched from CCAFS , including the first U.S. Earth satellite in 1958 , first U.S. astronaut ( 1961 ) , first U.S. astronaut in orbit ( 1962 ) , first two-man U.S. spacecraft ( 1965 ) , first U.S. unmanned lunar landing ( 1966 ) , and first three-man U.S. spacecraft ( 1968 ) . It was also the launch site for all of the first spacecraft to ( separately ) fly past each of the planets in the Solar System ( 1962-1977 ) , the first spacecraft to orbit Mars ( 1971 ) and roam its surface ( 1996 ) , the first American spacecraft to orbit and land on Venus ( 1978 ) , the first spacecraft to orbit Saturn ( 2004 ) , and to orbit Mercury ( 2011 ) , and the first spacecraft to leave the Solar System ( 1977 ) . Portions of the base have been designated a National Historic Landmark for their association with the early years of the American space program ."}]}, {'value': 'April 16 , 1984 ( # 84003872 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cocoa 28°29′20″N 80°34′40″W / 28.488889°N 80.577778°W / 28.488889 ; -80.577778 ( Cape Canaveral Air Force Station )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cocoa,_Florida', 'summary': 'Cocoa is a city in Brevard County , Florida . The population was 17,140 at the 2010 United States Census . It is part of the Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Brevard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brevard_County,_Florida', 'summary': 'Brevard County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida . As of the 2010 census , the population was 543,376 the 10th most populated county in Florida . The official county seat has been located in Titusville since 1894 . Brevard County comprises the Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville , FL Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is located along the east Florida coast and bordered by the Atlantic Ocean . With an economy strongly influenced by the John F. Kennedy Space Center , Brevard County is also known as the Space Coast . As such , it was designated with the telephone area code 321 , as in 3-2-1 liftoff . The county is named after Theodore Washington Brevard , an early Florida settler and state comptroller . A secondary center of county administrative offices was built beginning in 1989 in Viera , Florida , a master planned community in an unincorporated area . The county offices were developed to serve the more populous southern part of the long county .'}]}, {'value': 'The East Coast space launch facility of the U.S. Department of Defense , and adjacent to the Kennedy Space Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spaceport', 'summary': "A spaceport or cosmodrome is a site for launching ( or receiving ) spacecraft , by analogy to seaport for ships or airport for aircraft . The word spaceport , and even more so cosmodrome , has traditionally been used for sites capable of launching spacecraft into orbit around Earth or on interplanetary trajectories . However , rocket launch sites for purely sub-orbital flights are sometimes called spaceports , as in recent years new and proposed sites for suborbital human flights have been frequently referred to or named 'spaceports ' . Space stations and proposed future bases on the moon are sometimes called spaceports , in particular if intended as a base for further journeys . The term rocket launch site is used for any facility from which rockets are launched . It may contain one or more launch pads or suitable sites to mount a transportable launch pad . It is typically surrounded by a large safety area , often called a rocket range or missile range . The range includes the area over which launched rockets are expected to fly , and within which some components of the rockets may land . Tracking stations are sometimes located in the range to assess the progress of the launches . Major spaceports often include more than one launch complex , which can be rocket launch sites adapted for different types of launch vehicles . ( These sites can be well-separated for safety reasons . ) For launch vehicles with liquid propellant , suitable storage facilities and , in some cases , production facilities are necessary ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense', 'summary': "The United States Department of Defense ( DoD , USDOD or DOD ) is an executive branch department of the federal government charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government directly related to national security and the United States Armed Forces . The DoD is the largest employer in the world , with nearly 1.3 million active-duty service members ( soldiers , marines , sailors and airmen ) as of 2016 . More employees include over 826,000 National Guard and Reservists from the armed forces , and over 732,000 civilians bringing the total to over 2.8 million employees . Headquartered at the Pentagon in Arlington , Virginia , just outside Washington , D.C. , the DoD 's stated mission is to provide the military forces needed to deter war and ensure our nation 's security . The Department of Defense is headed by the Secretary of Defense , a cabinet-level head who reports directly to the President of the United States . Beneath the Department of Defense are three subordinate military departments : the Department of the Army , the Department of the Navy , and the Department of the Air Force . In addition , four national intelligence services are subordinate to the Department of Defense : the Defense Intelligence Agency ( DIA ) , the National Security Agency ( NSA ) , the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency ( NGA ) , and the National Reconnaissance Office ( NRO ) . Other Defense agencies include the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) , the Strategic Capabilities Office ( SCO ) , the Defense Logistics Agency ( DLA ) , the Missile Defense Agency ( MDA ) , the Defense Health Agency ( DHA ) , Defense Threat Reduction Agency ( DTRA ) , the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency ( formerly the DSS ) , and the Pentagon Force Protection Agency ( PFPA ) , all of which are subordinate to the Secretary of Defense . Additionally , the Defense Contract Management Agency ( DCMA ) delivers actionable acquisition intelligence , from factory floor to the warfighter . Military operations are managed by eleven regional or functional Unified combatant commands . The Department of Defense also operates several joint services schools , including the Eisenhower School ( ES ) and the National War College ( NWC ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center', 'summary': "The John F. Kennedy Space Center ( KSC , originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center ) , located in Merritt Island , Florida , is one of ten National Aeronautics and Space Administration field centers . Since December 1968 , KSC has been NASA 's primary launch center of human spaceflight . Launch operations for the Apollo , Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC . Located on the east coast of Florida , KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station ( CCAFS ) . The management of the two entities work very closely together , share resources , and even own facilities on each other 's property . Though the first Apollo flights and all Project Mercury and Project Gemini flights took off from CCAFS , the launches were managed by KSC and its previous organization , the Launch Operations Directorate . Starting with the fourth Gemini mission , the NASA launch control center in Florida ( Mercury Control Center , later the Launch Control Center ) began handing off control of the vehicle to the Mission Control Center in Houston , shortly after liftoff ; in prior missions it held control throughout the entire mission . Additionally , the center manages launch of robotic and commercial crew missions and researches food production and In-Situ Resource Utilization for off-Earth exploration . Since 2010 , the center has worked to become a multi-user spaceport through industry partnerships , even adding a new launch pad ( LC-39C ) in 2015 . There are about 700 facilities and buildings grouped across the center 's 144,000 acres ( 580 km2 ) . Among the unique facilities at KSC are the 525-foot ( 160 m ) tall Vehicle Assembly Building for stacking NASA 's largest rockets , the Launch Control Center , which conducts space launches at KSC , the Operations and Checkout Building , which houses the astronauts dormitories and suit-up area , a Space Station factory , and a 3-mile ( 4.8 km ) long Shuttle Landing Facility . There is also a Visitor Complex open to the public on site ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cathedral Of St. Augustine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Augustine', 'summary': 'The Cathedral Basilica of St. Augustine ( Spanish : Catedral basílica de San Agustín ) is a historic cathedral in St. Augustine , Florida , and the seat of the Catholic Bishop of St. Augustine . It is located at Cathedral Street between Charlotte and St. George Streets . Constructed over five years ( 1793-1797 ) , it was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark on April 15 , 1970 . Its congregation , established in 1565 , is the oldest Christian congregation in the contiguous United States .'}]}, {'value': 'April 15 , 1970 ( # 70000844 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St.Augustine 29°53′29″N 81°18′45″W / 29.891286°N 81.312368°W / 29.891286 ; -81.312368 ( Cathedral Of St. Augustine )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida', 'summary': "St. Augustine ( From Spanish : San Agustín ) is a city in the Southeastern United States , on the Atlantic coast of northeastern Florida . Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorers , it is the oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in the contiguous United States . St. Augustine was founded on September 8 , 1565 by Spanish admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés , Florida 's first governor . He named the settlement San Agustín , as his ships bearing settlers , troops , and supplies from Spain had first sighted land in Florida eleven days earlier on August 28 , the feast day of St. Augustine . The city served as the capital of Spanish Florida for over 200 years . It was designated as the capital of British East Florida when the colony was established in 1763 ; the colony was ceded to Spain in 1783 . Spain ceded Florida to the United States in 1819 , and St. Augustine was designated the capital of the Florida Territory upon ratification of the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1821 . The Florida National Guard made the city its headquarters that same year . The territorial government moved and made Tallahassee the capital of Florida in 1824 . The county seat of St. Johns County , St. Augustine is part of Florida 's First Coast region and the Jacksonville metropolitan area . Since the late 19th century , St. Augustine 's distinct historical character has made the city a tourist attraction ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Johns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Johns_County,_Florida', 'summary': "St. Johns County is a county of the U.S. state of Florida . As of the 2010 United States Census , the county 's population was 190,039 , with a 2018 estimate of 254,261 . The county seat and largest incorporated city is St. Augustine . St. Johns County is part of the Jacksonville metropolitan area . The county was established in 1821 . It is one of the two original counties established after Florida was ceded to the United States , at the start of the Florida Territorial period , and corresponded roughly with the former colonial province of East Florida . It was named for the St. Johns River , which runs along its western border . Today , St. Johns County is primarily made up of residential bedroom communities for those who commute to Jacksonville . Tourism , primarily associated with St. Augustine and the many golf courses in the area , is the chief economic industry . There is also an unincorporated community named Saint Johns in northwestern St. Johns county ."}]}, {'value': 'Completed in 1797 , it was severely damaged by fire in 1887 , but restored over the next two years . It is part of the St. Augustine Town Plan Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Augustine_Town_Plan_Historic_District', 'summary': 'The St Augustine Town Plan Historic District is a U.S. National Historic Landmark District encompassing the colonial heart of the city . It substantially encompasses the street plan of the city as contained within the bounds of walls ( no longer standing ) built between the 16th and early 19th centuries . The district is bounded by Cordova , Orange , and St. Francis Streets , and Matanzas Bay . It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970 , although its boundaries were not formally defined until 1986 .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crystal River Site', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crystal_River_Archaeological_State_Park', 'summary': 'Crystal River State Archaeological Site is a 61-acre ( 250,000 m2 ) Florida State Park located on the Crystal River and within the Crystal River Preserve State Park . The park is located two miles ( 3 km ) northwest of the city of Crystal River , on Museum Point off U.S. 19/98 . Under the title of Crystal River Indian Mounds , it is also a U.S. National Historic Landmark ( designated as such on September 29 , 1970 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'June 21 , 1990 ( # 70000178 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crystal River 28°55′01″N 82°36′33″W / 28.916944°N 82.609167°W / 28.916944 ; -82.609167 ( Crystal River Site )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crystal_River,_Florida', 'summary': "Crystal River is a city in Citrus County , Florida , United States . The population was 3,108 in the 2010 census . According to the U.S Census estimates of 2018 , the city had a population of 3,162 . The city was incorporated in 1903 and is the self professed Home of the Manatee . Crystal River Preserve State Park is located nearby , and Crystal River Archaeological State Park is located in the city 's northwest side . Crystal River is at the heart of the Nature Coast of Florida . The city is situated around Kings Bay , which is spring-fed and so keeps a constant 72 °F ( 22 °C ) temperature year round . A cluster of 50 springs designated as a first-magnitude system feeds Kings Bay . A first-magnitude system discharges 100 cubic feet or more of water per second , which equals about 64 million gallons of water per day . Because of this discharge amount , the Crystal River Springs group is the second largest springs group in Florida , the first being Wakulla Springs in Wakulla County near Tallahassee . Kings Bay can be home to over 400 manatees during the winter when the water temperature in the Gulf of Mexico cools , and is the only place in the United States where people can legally interact with them in their natural conditions without that interaction being viewed as harassment by law enforcement agencies . Tourism based on watching and swimming with manatee is the fastest growing contribution to the local economy ."}]}, {'value': 'Citrus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Citrus_County,_Florida', 'summary': 'Citrus County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida . As of the 2010 census , the population was 141,236 . Its county seat is Inverness , and its largest community is Homosassa Springs . Citrus County comprises the Homosassa Springs , Fla. Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'A ceremonial center and burial complex , occupied during the Deptford , Weeden Island , and Safety Harbor periods', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weeden_Island_culture', 'summary': 'The Weeden Island Cultures are a group of related archaeological cultures that existed during the Late Woodland period of the North American Southeast . The name for this group of cultures was derived from the Weedon Island site ( despite the dissimilar spellings ) in Old Tampa Bay in Pinellas County .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tocobaga', 'summary': 'Tocobaga ( occasionally Tocopaca ) was the name of a chiefdom , its chief , and its principal town during the 16th century . The chiefdom was centered around the northern end of Old Tampa Bay , the arm of Tampa Bay that extends between the present-day city of Tampa and northern Pinellas County . The exact location of the principal town is believed to be the archeological Safety Harbor Site , which gives its name to the Safety Harbor culture , of which the Tocobaga are the most well-known group . The name Tocobaga is often applied to all of the native peoples of the immediate Tampa Bay area during the first Spanish colonial period ( 1513-1763 ) . While they were culturally very similar , most of the villages on the eastern and southern shores of Tampa Bay were likely affiliated with other chiefdoms , such as the Pohoy , Uzita , and Mocoso . Study of archaeological artifacts has provided insight into the everyday life of the Safety Harbor culture . However , little is known about the political organization of the early peoples of the Tampa Bay area . The scant historical records come exclusively from the journals and other documents made by members of several Spanish expeditions that traversed the area in the 1500s . The Tocobaga and their neighbors disappeared from the historical record by the early 1700s , as diseases brought by European explorers decimated the local population and survivors were displaced by the raids and incursions of other indigenous groups from the north . The Tampa Bay area was virtually uninhabited for over a century .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dade Battlefield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dade_Battlefield_Historic_State_Park', 'summary': 'Dade Battlefield Historic State Park is a state park located on County Road 603 between Interstate 75 ( Exit 314 ) and U.S. Route 301 in Sumter County , Florida . The 80-acre ( 32 ha ) park includes 40 acres ( 160,000 m2 ) of pine flatwoods and a live oak hammock . Also called the Dade Massacre site , it preserves the Second Seminole War battlefield where tribal Seminole warriors fought soldiers under the command of Major Francis L. Dade on December 28 , 1835 . Each year , on the weekend after Christmas ( as close to the original date as possible ) , the Dade Battlefield Society sponsors a reenactment of the battle that started the Second Seminole War . Under the title of Dade Battlefield Historic Memorial , it is also a United States National Historic Landmark ( designated as such on April 14 , 1972 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'November 7 , 1973 ( # 72000353 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bushnell 28°39′08″N 82°07′36″W / 28.652222°N 82.126667°W / 28.652222 ; -82.126667 ( Dade Battlefield )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bushnell,_Florida', 'summary': 'Bushnell is a city in Sumter County , Florida , United States . The population was 2,418 at the 2010 census . According to the U.S Census estimates of 2018 , the city had a population of 3,119 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sumter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sumter_County,_Florida', 'summary': 'Sumter County is a county located in the state of Florida , United States . As of the 2010 census , the population is 93,420 . It has the oldest median age ( 62.7 years ) of any US county . and the highest percentage of residents aged 65 and older - at 55.6% in 2014-2018 ( in 2009-2013 ) . Its county seat is Bushnell , and the largest community is The Villages . Sumter County comprises Metropolitan Statistical Area of The Villages , which is included in the Orlando-Deltona-Daytona Beach , FL Combined Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Site of the Dade Massacre during the Second Seminole War , it is now a state park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dade_Massacre', 'summary': 'The Dade massacre was an 1835 defeat for the United States Army that greatly escalated the Second Seminole War , which lasted until 1842 . Amid a dispute between the Government of the United States and the Seminole over the right of the latter to occupy land in Florida , two U.S. Army companies under the command of Major Francis L. Dade , consisting in total of 110 soldiers , were ambushed by Seminole warriors during a march . Only three men survived , and one died of his wounds the following day .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Second_Seminole_War', 'summary': 'The Second Seminole War , also known as the Florida War , was a conflict from 1835 to 1842 in Florida between various groups of Native Americans collectively known as Seminoles and the United States , part of a series of conflicts called the Seminole Wars . The Second Seminole War , often referred to as the Seminole War , is regarded as the longest and most costly of the Indian conflicts of the United States .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Florida_State_Parks', 'summary': 'The Florida State Parks encompass the majority of the lands that fall under the authority of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection . There are 175 such locations , including nature reserves , recreation areas , and historic sites . New park lands are added as landowners make gifts of property to the state or localities choose to turn over control of their historic sites to the state . The state park system is divided into five administrative districts . The parks and other entities are serviced by a statewide system of park rangers . The state park system also hosts an AmeriCorps chapter , called AmeriCorps Florida State Parks . Several of the state parks were formerly private tourist attractions which were purchased by the state of Florida to preserve their natural environment . These parks include the Silver Springs State Park , Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park , Rainbow Springs State Park , Crystal River Archaeological State Park , and Weeki Wachee Springs .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marjory Stoneman Douglas House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas_House', 'summary': 'The Marjory Stoneman Douglas House is a historic house at 3744 Stewart Avenue in Miami , Florida . Built in 1926 , it was the lifelong home of environmentalist Marjory Stoneman Douglas ( 1890-1998 ) , who was nationally known for her efforts to preserve the Everglades of southern Florida . The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'February 27 , 2015 ( # 15000312 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miami 27°57′37″N 82°26′32″W / 27.960253°N 82.442283°W / 27.960253 ; -82.442283 ( Marjory Stoneman Douglas House )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miami,_Florida', 'summary': 'Miami , officially the City of Miami , is the seat of Miami-Dade County , and the cultural , economic and financial center of South Florida in the United States . The city covers an area of about 56 square miles ( 150 km2 ) between the Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east . Miami is the sixth most densely populated major city in the United States with an estimated 2018 population of 470,914 . The Miami metropolitan area is home to 6.1 million people , the second-most populous in the southeastern United States and the seventh-largest in the nation . The city has the third tallest skyline in the U.S. with over 300 high-rises , 55 of which exceed 490 ft ( 149 m ) . Miami is a major center and leader in finance , commerce , culture , media , entertainment , the arts , and international trade . The metro area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States , with a GDP of $ 344.9 billion as of 2017 . In 2018 , Miami was classified as an Alpha level global city by the GaWC . In 2019 , Miami ranked seventh in the United States and 31st among global cities in terms of business activity , human capital , information exchange , cultural experience , and political engagement . According to a 2018 UBS study of 77 world cities , the city was ranked as the third-richest in the United States and the eighth-richest in the world in terms of purchasing power . Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality . Greater Downtown Miami has one of the largest concentrations of international banks in the United States , and is home to many large national and international companies .'}]}, {'value': 'Miami-Dade County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miami-Dade_County,_Florida', 'summary': "Miami-Dade County is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Florida . According to a 2018 census report , the county had a population of 2,761,581 , making it the most populous county in Florida and the seventh-most populous county in the United States . It is also Florida 's third largest county in terms of land area , with 1,946 square miles ( 5,040 km2 ) . The county seat is Miami , the principal city in South Florida . Miami-Dade County is one of the three counties in South Florida that make up the Miami metropolitan area , which was home to an estimated 6,198,782 people in 2018 . The county is home to 34 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas . The northern , central and eastern portions of the county are heavily urbanized with many high-rise buildings along the coastline , including South Florida 's central business district , Downtown Miami . Southern Miami-Dade County includes the Redland and Homestead areas , which make up the agricultural economy of the region . Agricultural Redland makes up roughly one third of Miami-Dade County 's inhabited land area , and is sparsely populated , a stark contrast to the densely populated , urban northern portion of the county . The county also includes portions of two national parks . To the west it extends into the Everglades National Park and is populated only by a Miccosukee tribal village . East of the mainland , in Biscayne Bay , is Biscayne National Park and the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserves ."}]}, {'value': 'Home of noted environmentalist and activist Marjory Stoneman Douglas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas', 'summary': "Marjory Stoneman Douglas ( April 7 , 1890 - May 14 , 1998 ) was an American journalist , author , women 's suffrage advocate , and conservationist known for her staunch defense of the Everglades against efforts to drain it and reclaim land for development . Moving to Miami as a young woman to work for The Miami Herald , she became a freelance writer , producing over one hundred short stories that were published in popular magazines . Her most influential work was the book The Everglades : River of Grass ( 1947 ) , which redefined the popular conception of the Everglades as a treasured river instead of a worthless swamp . Its impact has been compared to that of Rachel Carson 's influential book Silent Spring ( 1962 ) . Her books , stories , and journalism career brought her influence in Miami , enabling her to advance her causes . As a young woman , Douglas was outspoken and politically conscious of the women 's suffrage and civil rights movements . She was called upon to take a central role in the protection of the Everglades when she was 79 years old . For the remaining 29 years of her life she was a relentless reporter and fearless crusader for the natural preservation and restoration of South Florida . Her tireless efforts earned her several variations of the nickname Grande Dame of the Everglades as well as the hostility of agricultural and business interests looking to benefit from land development in Florida . She received numerous awards , including the Presidential Medal of Freedom , and was inducted into several halls of fame . Douglas lived to 108 , working until nearly the end of her life for Everglades restoration . Upon her death , an obituary in The Independent in London stated , In the history of the American environmental movement , there have been few more remarkable figures than Marjory Stoneman Douglas ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'El Centro Español de Tampa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/El_Centro_Español_de_Tampa', 'summary': 'For the similarly named building in West Tampa see El Centro Español of West Tampa'}]}, {'value': 'June 3 , 1988 ( # 88001823 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tampa 27°57′37″N 82°26′32″W / 27.960253°N 82.442283°W / 27.960253 ; -82.442283 ( El Centro Español de Tampa )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tampa,_Florida', 'summary': "Tampa is a major city in , and the county seat of , Hillsborough County , Florida , United States . It is on the west coast of Florida on Tampa Bay , near the Gulf of Mexico . Tampa is the largest city in the Tampa Bay Area . With a population of 392,890 in 2018 , Tampa is the third-largest city in Florida , after Miami and Jacksonville . The bay 's port is the largest in the state , near downtown 's Channel District . Bayshore Boulevard runs along the bay , and is east of the historic Hyde Park neighborhood . Today , Tampa is part of the metropolitan area most commonly referred to as the Tampa Bay Area . For U.S. Census purposes , Tampa is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater , Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area . The four-county area is composed of roughly 3.1 million residents , making it the second largest metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) in the state , and the fourth largest in the Southeastern United States , behind Washington , D.C. ; Miami ; and Atlanta . The Greater Tampa Bay area , has over 4 million residents and generally includes the Tampa and Sarasota metro areas . The city had a population of 335,709 at the 2010 census , and an estimated population of 392,890 in 2018 . As of 2018 , Tampa 's annual growth rate is 1.63% ."}]}, {'value': 'Hillsborough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hillsborough_County,_Florida', 'summary': 'Hillsborough County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida . In the 2010 census , the population was 1,229,226 , making it the fourth-most populous county in Florida and the most populous county outside the Miami metropolitan area . A 2018 estimate has the population of Hillsborough County at 1,436,888 people , which itself is greater than the populations of 12 states according to their 2018 population estimates . Its county seat and largest city is Tampa . Hillsborough County is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Home of the first mutual aid society in Florida , and part of the Ybor City Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ybor_City_Historic_District', 'summary': "The Ybor City Historic District ( /ˈiːbɔːr/ EE-bor ) is a U.S. National Historic Landmark District District ( designated as such on December 14 , 1990 ) located in Tampa , Florida . The district is bounded by 6th Avenue , 13th Street , 10th Avenue and 22nd Street , East Broadway between 13th and 22nd Streets . Ybor City contains a total of 956 historic buildings , including an unparalleled collection of architecture with Spanish-Cuban influence , as well as historic cigar factory buildings and associated infrastructure . The area was developed by businessman Vicente Martinez Ybor beginning in 1886 , and was for a time the world 's leading supplier of cigars . The Ybor City Museum State Park is located in the district . The Latino Barrio Commission , a city of Tampa-sanctioned committee of neighborhood community and business leaders , architects , and local residents , is charged with preserving the historic fabric of the District and maintaining its architectural integrity ."}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ferdinand Magellan - U.S . Car No . 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan_Railcar', 'summary': 'Named after the Portuguese explorer , the Ferdinand Magellan ( also known as U.S . Car . No . 1 ) is a former Pullman Company observation car that served as Presidential Rail Car , U.S . Number 1 from 1943 until 1958 . The current owner Gold Coast Railroad Museum in Miami-Dade County , Florida , acquired it in 1959 . The Ferdinand Magellan was designated a National Historic Landmark by the United States Department of the Interior , National Park Service on February 4 , 1985 .'}]}, {'value': 'February 4 , 1985 ( # 77000401 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miami 25°37′03″N 80°24′00″W / 25.6175°N 80.4°W / 25.6175 ; -80.4 ( Ferdinand Magellan - U.S . Car No . 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miami,_Florida', 'summary': 'Miami , officially the City of Miami , is the seat of Miami-Dade County , and the cultural , economic and financial center of South Florida in the United States . The city covers an area of about 56 square miles ( 150 km2 ) between the Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east . Miami is the sixth most densely populated major city in the United States with an estimated 2018 population of 470,914 . The Miami metropolitan area is home to 6.1 million people , the second-most populous in the southeastern United States and the seventh-largest in the nation . The city has the third tallest skyline in the U.S. with over 300 high-rises , 55 of which exceed 490 ft ( 149 m ) . Miami is a major center and leader in finance , commerce , culture , media , entertainment , the arts , and international trade . The metro area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States , with a GDP of $ 344.9 billion as of 2017 . In 2018 , Miami was classified as an Alpha level global city by the GaWC . In 2019 , Miami ranked seventh in the United States and 31st among global cities in terms of business activity , human capital , information exchange , cultural experience , and political engagement . According to a 2018 UBS study of 77 world cities , the city was ranked as the third-richest in the United States and the eighth-richest in the world in terms of purchasing power . Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality . Greater Downtown Miami has one of the largest concentrations of international banks in the United States , and is home to many large national and international companies .'}]}, {'value': 'Miami-Dade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miami-Dade_County,_Florida', 'summary': "Miami-Dade County is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Florida . According to a 2018 census report , the county had a population of 2,761,581 , making it the most populous county in Florida and the seventh-most populous county in the United States . It is also Florida 's third largest county in terms of land area , with 1,946 square miles ( 5,040 km2 ) . The county seat is Miami , the principal city in South Florida . Miami-Dade County is one of the three counties in South Florida that make up the Miami metropolitan area , which was home to an estimated 6,198,782 people in 2018 . The county is home to 34 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas . The northern , central and eastern portions of the county are heavily urbanized with many high-rise buildings along the coastline , including South Florida 's central business district , Downtown Miami . Southern Miami-Dade County includes the Redland and Homestead areas , which make up the agricultural economy of the region . Agricultural Redland makes up roughly one third of Miami-Dade County 's inhabited land area , and is sparsely populated , a stark contrast to the densely populated , urban northern portion of the county . The county also includes portions of two national parks . To the west it extends into the Everglades National Park and is populated only by a Miccosukee tribal village . East of the mainland , in Biscayne Bay , is Biscayne National Park and the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserves ."}]}, {'value': 'The first passenger railcar built for a President since the one made for Lincoln in 1865 . It was used by FDR , Truman , Eisenhower , and briefly by Reagan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln', 'summary': "Abraham Lincoln ( /ˈlɪŋkən/ ; February 12 , 1809 - April 15 , 1865 ) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the United States ( 1861-1865 ) . Lincoln led the nation through its greatest moral , constitutional , and political crisis in the American Civil War . He preserved the Union , abolished slavery , strengthened the federal government , and modernized the U.S. economy . Lincoln was born in poverty in a log cabin and was raised on the frontier primarily in Indiana . He was self-educated and became a lawyer , Whig Party leader , Illinois state legislator , and U.S . Congressman from Illinois . In 1849 he returned to his law practice but became vexed by the opening of additional lands to slavery as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act . He reentered politics in 1854 , becoming a leader in the new Republican Party and he reached a national audience in the 1858 debates against Stephen Douglas . Lincoln ran for President in 1860 , sweeping the North in victory . Pro-slavery elements in the South equated his success with the North 's rejection of their right to practice slavery , and southern states began seceding from the union . To secure its independence , the new Confederate States of America fired on Fort Sumter , a U.S. fort in the South , and Lincoln called up forces to suppress the rebellion and restore the Union . As the leader of moderate Republicans , Lincoln found his political opposition was manifold , and included Radical Republicans , War Democrats , Copperheads ( anti-war Democrats ) , and irreconcilable secessionists ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt', 'summary': "Franklin Delano Roosevelt ( /ˈroʊzəvəlt/ , /-vɛlt/ ; January 30 , 1882 - April 12 , 1945 ) , often referred to by his initials FDR , was an American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945 . A member of the Democratic Party , he won a record four presidential elections and became a central figure in world events during the first half of the 20th century . Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression , implementing his New Deal domestic agenda in response to the worst economic crisis in U.S. history . As a dominant leader of his party , he built the New Deal Coalition , which realigned American politics into the Fifth Party System and defined American liberalism throughout the middle third of the 20th century . His third and fourth terms were dominated by World War II , which ended shortly after he died in office . He is rated by scholars as one of the three greatest U.S. presidents , along with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln , but has also been subject to substantial criticism . Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park , New York , to a Dutch American family made well known by the reputation of Theodore Roosevelt , the 26th president of the United States , and William Henry Aspinwall . FDR graduated from Groton School and Harvard College and attended Columbia Law School but left after passing the bar exam to practice law in New York City . In 1905 , he married his fifth cousin once removed , Eleanor Roosevelt . They had six children , of whom five survived into adulthood . He won election to the New York State Senate in 1910 , and then served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Roosevelt was James M. Cox 's running mate on the Democratic Party 's 1920 national ticket , but Cox was defeated by Republican Warren G. Harding . In 1921 , Roosevelt contracted a paralytic illness , believed at the time to be polio , and his legs became permanently paralyzed ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Harry_S._Truman', 'summary': "Harry S. Truman [ b ] ( May 8 , 1884 - December 26 , 1972 ) was the 33rd president of the United States from 1945 to 1953 , succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as vice president . He implemented the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe , and established the Truman Doctrine and NATO . Truman grew up in Independence , Missouri , and during World War I was sent to France as a captain in the Field Artillery . Returning home , he opened a haberdashery in Kansas City , Missouri and was later elected as a Jackson County official in 1922 . Truman was elected to the United States Senate from Missouri in 1934 and gained national prominence as chairman of the Truman Committee aimed at reducing waste and inefficiency in wartime contracts . Soon after succeeding to the presidency he authorized the first and only use of nuclear weapons in war . Truman 's administration engaged in an internationalist foreign policy and renounced isolationism . He rallied his New Deal coalition during the 1948 presidential election and won a surprise victory that secured his own presidential term . Truman oversaw the Berlin Airlift of 1948 . When North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950 , he gained United Nations approval to intervene in what became known as the Korean War . On domestic issues , bills endorsed by Truman faced opposition from a conservative Congress , but his administration successfully guided the U.S. economy through the post-war economic challenges . In 1948 he submitted the first comprehensive civil rights legislation and issued Executive Orders to start racial integration in the military and federal agencies ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower', 'summary': "General of the Army Dwight David Ike Eisenhower ( /ˈaɪzənhaʊ.ər/ EYE-zən-how-ər ; October 14 , 1890 - March 28 , 1969 ) was an American army general and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961 . During World War II , he became a five-star general in the Army and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe . He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942-43 and the successful invasion of Normandy in 1944-45 from the Western Front . Eisenhower was born David Dwight Eisenhower , and raised in Abilene , Kansas , in a large family of mostly Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry . His family had a strong religious background . His mother was a Lutheran , married as a River Brethren , and later became a Jehovah 's Witness . Eisenhower , however , did not belong to any organized church until 1952 . He cited constant relocation during his military career as one reason . He graduated from West Point in 1915 and later married Mamie Doud , with whom he had two sons . During World War I , he was denied a request to serve in Europe and instead commanded a unit that trained tank crews . Following the war , he served under various generals and was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in 1941 . After the United States entered World War II , Eisenhower oversaw the invasions of North Africa and Sicily before supervising the invasions of France and Germany ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ronald_Reagan', 'summary': "Ronald Wilson Reagan ( /ˈreɪɡən/ ; February 6 , 1911 - June 5 , 2004 ) was an American politician who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989 and became a highly influential voice of modern conservatism . Prior to his presidency , he was a Hollywood actor and union leader before serving as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 to 1975 . Reagan was raised in a low-income family in small towns of northern Illinois . He graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and worked as a sports commentator on several regional radio stations . After moving to California in 1937 , he found work as an actor and starred in a few major productions . Reagan was twice elected president of the Screen Actors Guild - the labor union for actors - where he worked to root out Communist influence . In the 1950s , he moved into television and was a motivational speaker at General Electric factories , during which time he became a conservative . Reagan was a Democrat until 1962 when he switched to the Republican Party . In 1964 , Reagan 's speech A Time for Choosing supported Barry Goldwater 's foundering presidential campaign and earned him national attention as a new conservative spokesman . Building a network of supporters , Reagan was elected governor of California in 1966 . As governor , Reagan raised taxes , turned a state budget deficit to a surplus , challenged the protesters at the University of California , ordered in National Guard troops during a period of protest movements in 1969 , and was re-elected in 1970 . He twice ran unsuccessfully for the Republican presidential nomination , in 1968 and 1976 ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florida Southern College Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Child_of_the_Sun', 'summary': "Child of the Sun , also known as the Florida Southern College Architectural District , is a group of buildings designed for the campus of the Florida Southern College in Lakeland , Florida , United States , by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright from 1941 through 1958 . The buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places , and together form the largest collection of buildings by the architect . It was designated a National Historic Landmark on March 2 , 2012 . On April 18 , 2012 , the AIA 's Florida Chapter ranked it eighth on its list of Florida Architecture : 100 Years . 100 Places ."}]}, {'value': 'March 2 , 2012 ( # 75000568 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lakeland 28°01′52″N 81°56′48″W / 28.031111°N 81.946667°W / 28.031111 ; -81.946667 ( Florida Southern College Historic District )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lakeland,_Florida', 'summary': 'Lakeland is a city in Polk County , Florida , along Interstate 4 east of Tampa . The westernmost city in Polk County , it is part of the Tampa Bay Area . According to the 2018 U.S. Census Bureau estimate , the city had a population of 110,516 . Lakeland is a principal city of the Lakeland-Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area . Native Americans lived in the area from soon after the end of the last ice age until the end of the Second Seminole War . European-American settlers arrived in Lakeland from South Carolina in the 1870s . The city expanded in the 1880s with the arrival of rail service , with the first freedmen railway workers settling here in 1883 . They and European immigrants also came because of new jobs in the large phosphate industry that developed . Lakeland is home to the 1,267-acre Circle B Bar Reserve .'}]}, {'value': 'Polk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Polk_County,_Florida', 'summary': 'Polk County is located in the U.S. state of Florida . The county population was 602,095 , as of the 2010 census . Its county seat is Bartow , and its largest city is Lakeland . Polk County comprises the Lakeland-Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area . This MSA is the 87th-most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 89th-most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1 , 2012 . The center of population of Florida is located in Polk County , near the city of Lake Wales . Polk County is home to one public university , one state college , and four private universities . One Fortune 500 company , Publix Super Markets , has headquarters in the county .'}]}, {'value': 'Contains the largest single-site collection of Frank Lloyd Wright architecture', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright', 'summary': 'Frank Lloyd Wright ( June 8 , 1867 - April 9 , 1959 ) was an American architect , interior designer , writer , and educator , whose creative period spanned more than 70 years , designing more than 1,000 structures , of which 532 were completed . Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment , a philosophy he called organic architecture . This philosophy was best exemplified by Fallingwater ( 1935 ) , which has been called the best all-time work of American architecture . As a founder of organic architecture , Wright played a key role in the architectural movements of the twentieth century , influencing three generations of architects worldwide through his works . Wright was the pioneer of what came to be called the Prairie School movement of architecture , and he also developed the concept of the Usonian home in Broadacre City , his unique vision for urban planning in the United States . In addition to his houses , Wright designed original and innovative offices , churches , schools , skyscrapers , hotels , museums , and other structures . He often designed interior elements for these buildings , as well , including furniture and stained glass . Wright wrote 20 books and many articles and was a popular lecturer in the United States and Europe . Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as the greatest American architect of all time . In 2019 , a selection of his work became a listed World Heritage Site as The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright . Raised in rural Wisconsin , Wright studied civil engineering at the University of Wisconsin and then apprenticed in Chicago with noted architects Joseph Lyman Silsbee and Louis Sullivan . He opened his own successful Chicago practice in 1893 , and developed an influential home and studio in Oak Park , Illinois .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Architecture', 'summary': 'Architecture ( Latin architectura , from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton architect , from ἀρχι- chief and τέκτων creator ) is both the process and the product of planning , designing , and constructing buildings or any other structures . Architectural works , in the material form of buildings , are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art . Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort King Site', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_King', 'summary': "Fort King ( also known as Camp King or Cantonment King ) was a United States military fort in north central Florida , near what later developed as the city of Ocala . It was named after Colonel William King , commander of Florida 's Fourth Infantry and the first governor of the provisional West Florida region . The fort was built in 1827 during United States tensions with the Seminole in Florida , a tribe of mostly Creek people who formed in the early nineteenth century . Originally established to serve as a buffer between new settlers and the Seminole , the fort became an important base in the 1830s for the United States Army during removal of the Seminole and the Seminole Wars . It later served as a courthouse in 1844 after the organization of Marion County , but was eventually abandoned altogether . Residents took it apart to salvage building materials . The site of the fort is preserved as a National Historic Landmark near the corner of East Fort King Street and 39th Avenue in Ocala . In late 2017 , the fort was newly reconstructed to be as historically accurate as possible . Archeological investigation has revealed the site was occupied during two lengthy periods by varying cultures of indigenous peoples , beginning as early as 6500 BC , more than 8,000 years ago ."}]}, {'value': 'February 24 , 2004 ( # 04000320 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ocala 29°11′20″N 82°04′56″W / 29.188889°N 82.082222°W / 29.188889 ; -82.082222 ( Fort King Site )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocala,_Florida', 'summary': 'Ocala ( /oʊˈkælə/ oh-KAL-ə ) is a city in Marion County , Florida , United States , which is part of the northern region of the state . As of the 2017 census , its population , estimated by the United States Census Bureau , was 59,110 , making it the 49th most populated city in Florida . It is the seat of Marion County and the principal city of the Ocala , Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area , which had an estimated 2017 population of 354,353 .'}]}, {'value': 'Marion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marion_County,_Florida', 'summary': 'Marion County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida . As of the 2010 census , the population was 331,298 . Its county seat is Ocala . Marion County comprises the Ocala , FL Metropolitan Statistical Area . it includes part of Ocala National Forest , which also extends into three other counties .'}]}, {'value': 'Site of fort prominent before and during the Second Seminole War . It was located at a nexus of military roads reaching from Tampa to Jacksonville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_Seminole_War', 'summary': 'The Second Seminole War , also known as the Florida War , was a conflict from 1835 to 1842 in Florida between various groups of Native Americans collectively known as Seminoles and the United States , part of a series of conflicts called the Seminole Wars . The Second Seminole War , often referred to as the Seminole War , is regarded as the longest and most costly of the Indian conflicts of the United States .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tampa,_Florida', 'summary': "Tampa is a major city in , and the county seat of , Hillsborough County , Florida , United States . It is on the west coast of Florida on Tampa Bay , near the Gulf of Mexico . Tampa is the largest city in the Tampa Bay Area . With a population of 392,890 in 2018 , Tampa is the third-largest city in Florida , after Miami and Jacksonville . The bay 's port is the largest in the state , near downtown 's Channel District . Bayshore Boulevard runs along the bay , and is east of the historic Hyde Park neighborhood . Today , Tampa is part of the metropolitan area most commonly referred to as the Tampa Bay Area . For U.S. Census purposes , Tampa is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater , Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area . The four-county area is composed of roughly 3.1 million residents , making it the second largest metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) in the state , and the fourth largest in the Southeastern United States , behind Washington , D.C. ; Miami ; and Atlanta . The Greater Tampa Bay area , has over 4 million residents and generally includes the Tampa and Sarasota metro areas . The city had a population of 335,709 at the 2010 census , and an estimated population of 392,890 in 2018 . As of 2018 , Tampa 's annual growth rate is 1.63% ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida', 'summary': "Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida as well as the southeastern United States , and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . It is the seat of Duval County , with which the city government consolidated in 1968 . Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits . As of 2018 , Jacksonville 's population was estimated to be 903,889 . The Jacksonville metropolitan area has a population of 1,523,615 and is the fourth largest metropolitan area in Florida . Jacksonville is centered on the banks of the St. Johns River in the First Coast region of northeast Florida , about 25 miles ( 40 km ) south of the Georgia state line and 328 miles ( 528 km ) north of Miami . The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast . The area was originally inhabited by the Timucua people , and in 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline , one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States . Under British rule , a settlement grew at the narrow point in the river where cattle crossed , known as Wacca Pilatka to the Seminole and the Cow Ford to the British . A platted town was established there in 1822 , a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain ; it was named after Andrew Jackson , the first military governor of the Florida Territory and seventh President of the United States . Harbor improvements since the late 19th century have made Jacksonville a major military and civilian deep-water port . Its riverine location facilitates Naval Station Mayport , Naval Air Station Jacksonville , the U.S. Marine Corps Blount Island Command , and the Port of Jacksonville , Florida 's third largest seaport ."}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Mose Site', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Mose_Historic_State_Park', 'summary': 'Fort Mose Historic State Park ( originally known as Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose ) is a U.S. National Historic Landmark ( designated as such on October 12 , 1994 ) , located two miles north of St. Augustine , Florida , on the edge of a salt marsh on the western side of the waterway separating the mainland from the coastal barrier islands . The original site of the 18th-century fort was uncovered in a 1986 archeological dig . The 24-acre ( 9.7 ha ) site is now protected as a Florida State Park , administered through the Anastasia State Recreation Area . Fort Mose is the premier site on the Florida Black Heritage Trail . In 1738 , the Spanish governor of Florida , Manuel de Montiano , had Fort Mose ( pronounced [ ˈmose ] ) built and established as a free black settlement , the first to be legally sanctioned in what would become the territory of the United States . The fort has also been known as Fort Moosa or Fort Mossa , variants of the Spanish pronunciation .'}]}, {'value': 'October 12 , 1994 ( # 94001645 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St.Augustine 29°55′40″N 81°19′31″W / 29.927689°N 81.325169°W / 29.927689 ; -81.325169 ( Fort Mose Site )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida', 'summary': "St. Augustine ( From Spanish : San Agustín ) is a city in the Southeastern United States , on the Atlantic coast of northeastern Florida . Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorers , it is the oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in the contiguous United States . St. Augustine was founded on September 8 , 1565 by Spanish admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés , Florida 's first governor . He named the settlement San Agustín , as his ships bearing settlers , troops , and supplies from Spain had first sighted land in Florida eleven days earlier on August 28 , the feast day of St. Augustine . The city served as the capital of Spanish Florida for over 200 years . It was designated as the capital of British East Florida when the colony was established in 1763 ; the colony was ceded to Spain in 1783 . Spain ceded Florida to the United States in 1819 , and St. Augustine was designated the capital of the Florida Territory upon ratification of the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1821 . The Florida National Guard made the city its headquarters that same year . The territorial government moved and made Tallahassee the capital of Florida in 1824 . The county seat of St. Johns County , St. Augustine is part of Florida 's First Coast region and the Jacksonville metropolitan area . Since the late 19th century , St. Augustine 's distinct historical character has made the city a tourist attraction ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Johns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Johns_County,_Florida', 'summary': "St. Johns County is a county of the U.S. state of Florida . As of the 2010 United States Census , the county 's population was 190,039 , with a 2018 estimate of 254,261 . The county seat and largest incorporated city is St. Augustine . St. Johns County is part of the Jacksonville metropolitan area . The county was established in 1821 . It is one of the two original counties established after Florida was ceded to the United States , at the start of the Florida Territorial period , and corresponded roughly with the former colonial province of East Florida . It was named for the St. Johns River , which runs along its western border . Today , St. Johns County is primarily made up of residential bedroom communities for those who commute to Jacksonville . Tourism , primarily associated with St. Augustine and the many golf courses in the area , is the chief economic industry . There is also an unincorporated community named Saint Johns in northwestern St. Johns county ."}]}, {'value': 'First free black settlement legally sanctioned in what would become the United States . Slaves from the British colonies of South Carolina and Georgia escaped here during the early to mid 18th century , making this a precursor to the Underground Railroad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Carolina', 'summary': 'South Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Southeastern United States and the easternmost of the Deep South . It is bordered to the north by North Carolina , to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the southwest by Georgia across the Savannah River . South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the U.S. Constitution on May 23 , 1788 . It also became the first state to vote in favor of secession from the Union on December 20 , 1860 . After the American Civil War , it was readmitted into the United States on June 25 , 1868 . South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and 23rd most populous U.S. state . Its GDP as of 2013 was $ 183.6 billion , with an annual growth rate of 3.13% . South Carolina is composed of 46 counties . The capital is Columbia with a population of 133,451 in 2018 ; while its largest city is Charleston with a 2018 population of 136,208 . The Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin metropolitan area is the largest in the state , with a 2018 population estimate of 906,626 . South Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England , who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)', 'summary': "Georgia ( /ˈdʒɔːrdʒə/ ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Georgia is the 24th largest in area and 8th-most populous of the 50 United States . Georgia is bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina , to the northeast by South Carolina , to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , to the south by Florida , and to the west by Alabama . Its 2019 estimated population was 10,617,423 , according to the U.S. Census Bureau . Atlanta , a beta ( + ) global city , is both the state 's capital and its largest city . The Atlanta metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 5.9 million people in 2018 , is the 9th most populous metropolitan area in the United States and contains about 56% of the entire state population . Founded in 1733 as a British colony , Georgia was the last and southernmost of the original Thirteen Colonies to be established . Named after King George II of Great Britain , the Colony of Georgia covered the area from South Carolina south to Spanish Florida and west to French Louisiana at the Mississippi River . On January 2 , 1788 , Georgia became the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution . From 1802 to 1804 , western Georgia was split to form the Mississippi Territory , which later was admitted as the U.S. states of Alabama and Mississippi . Georgia declared its secession from the Union on January 19 , 1861 , and was one of the original seven Confederate States . Following the Civil War , it was the last state to be restored to the Union , on July 15 , 1870 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Underground_Railroad', 'summary': "The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early to mid-19th century , and used by enslaved African-Americans to escape into free states and Canada . The scheme was assisted by abolitionists and others sympathetic to the cause of the escapees . Not literally a railroad , the workers ( both black and white , free and enslaved ) who secretly aided the fugitives are also collectively referred to as the Underground Railroad . Various other routes led to Mexico , where slavery had been abolished , or overseas . An earlier escape route running south toward Florida , then a Spanish possession ( except 1763-83 ) , existed from the late 17th century until Florida became a United States territory in 1821 . One of the main reasons Florida was purchased by the United States was to end its function as a safe haven for escaped slaves . However , the network now generally known as the Underground Railroad was formed in the late 1700s . It ran north and grew steadily until the Civil War began . One estimate suggests that by 1850 , 100,000 slaves had escaped via the Railroad . British North America ( present-day Canada ) was a desirable destination , as its long border gave many points of access , it was further from slave catchers , and beyond the reach of the United States ' Fugitive Slave Acts . Most former slaves , reaching Canada by boat across Lake Erie and Lake Ontario , settled in Ontario . More than 30,000 people were said to have escaped there via the network during its 20-year peak period , although U.S. Census figures account for only 6,000 ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort San Carlos De Barrancas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Barrancas', 'summary': 'Fort Barrancas ( 1839 ) or Fort San Carlos de Barrancas ( from 1787 ) is a United States military fort and National Historic Landmark in the former Warrington area of Pensacola , Florida , located physically within Naval Air Station Pensacola , which was developed later around it . The hill-top fort , connected to a sea level water battery , overlooks Pensacola Bay . From 1839-1844 , the historic Spanish fort on the hill was reconstructed and dramatically expanded in brick . This is now termed Fort Barrancas . The older , water battery downhill ( Baterie de San Antonio , 1787 ) has been separately named as Fort San Carlos . It is a remnant from the Spanish fortification , the wooden ( Spanish : Fuerte ) Fort San Carlos de Barrancas of the late 18th century . Due to changing requirements , the U.S. Army deactivated Fort Barrancas on April 15 , 1947 following World War II . Designated a National Historic Landmark ( NHL ) in 1960 , the fort was transferred to the control and administration of the National Park Service in 1971 . After extensive restoration during 1971-1980 , Fort Barrancas was opened to the public ( see below : Timeline ) .'}]}, {'value': 'October 9 , 1960 ( # 66000263 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pensacola 30°20′52″N 87°17′51″W / 30.347839°N 87.297561°W / 30.347839 ; -87.297561 ( Fort San Carlos De Barrancas )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida', 'summary': 'Pensacola ( /ˌpɛnsəˈkoʊlə/ ) is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle , and the county seat of Escambia County , Florida . As of 2019 , the population was estimated to be 52,713 . Pensacola is the principal city of the Pensacola Metropolitan Area , which had an estimated 494,883 residents as of 2018 [ update ] . Pensacola is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the Gulf Coast region , the largest between New Orleans and Tampa . Pensacola is the site of the first Spanish settlement within the borders of the continental United States in 1559 , predating the establishment of St. Augustine by 6 years , although the settlement was abandoned due to a hurricane and not re-established until 1698 . Pensacola is a seaport on Pensacola Bay , which is protected by the barrier island of Santa Rosa and connects to the Gulf of Mexico . A large United States Naval Air Station , the first in the United States , is located southwest of Pensacola near Warrington ; it is the base of the Blue Angels flight demonstration team and the National Naval Aviation Museum . The main campus of the University of West Florida is situated north of the city center . The area was originally inhabited by Muskogean-speaking peoples . The Pensacola people lived there at the time of European contact , and Creek people frequently visited and traded from present-day southern Alabama . Spanish explorer Tristán de Luna founded a short-lived settlement in 1559 . In 1698 the Spanish established a presidio in the area , from which the modern city gradually developed .'}]}, {'value': 'Escambia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Escambia_County,_Florida', 'summary': 'Escambia County is the westernmost and oldest county in the U.S. state of Florida . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population is 297,619 . Its county seat and largest city is Pensacola . Escambia County is included in the Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent , Florida , Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county population has continued to increase as the suburbs of Pensacola have developed .'}]}, {'value': 'Site of a series of forts going back as far as 1698 , now part of the Gulf Islands National Seashore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gulf_Islands_National_Seashore', 'summary': 'Gulf Islands National Seashore offers recreation opportunities and preserves natural and historic resources along the Gulf of Mexico barrier islands of Florida and Mississippi . The protected regions include mainland areas and parts of seven islands . Some islands along the Alabama coast were originally considered for inclusion , but none is part of the National Seashore .'}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort San Marcos De Apalache', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Marcos_de_Apalache_Historic_State_Park', 'summary': "San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park is a Florida State Park in Wakulla County , Florida organized around the historic site of a Spanish colonial fort ( known as Fort St. Marks by the English and Americans ) , which was used by succeeding nations that controlled the area . The Spanish first built wooden buildings and a stockade in the late 17th and early 18th centuries here , which were destroyed by a hurricane . The stone fort was built beginning in 1753 . It came under successive control by Great Britain , Spain , the United States and , lastly , the Confederacy during the American Civil War . The Confederate Army built a Marine hospital from the materials of the fort . The US took control of the site again in 1865 , and the fort site was abandoned . On November 13 , 1966 , the fort area was designated a National Historic Landmark because of its significance and added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places . Designated as a National Engineering Landmark , the fort site has been highlighted on the Florida Native American Heritage Trail . On October 10 , 1952 , Congress authorized designating Ft. St. Mark 's as a National Historic Site upon donation of the site to the National Park Service . That donation apparently never happened , however , and the site remains a Florida State Park and a National Historic Landmark . The historic park is located in the vicinity of St. Marks , off S.R . 363 , at 148 Old Fort Road ."}]}, {'value': 'November 13 , 1966 ( # 66000271 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Marks 30°09′18″N 84°12′40″W / 30.155°N 84.211111°W / 30.155 ; -84.211111 ( Fort San Marcos De Apalache )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Marks,_Florida', 'summary': 'St. Marks is a city in Wakulla County , Florida , United States . It is part of the Tallahassee metropolitan area . The population was 272 at the 2000 census . As of 2004 , the population estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau is 299 .'}]}, {'value': 'Wakulla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wakulla_County,_Florida', 'summary': "Wakulla County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida . As of the 2010 census , the population was 30,776 . Its county seat is Crawfordville . Wakulla County is part of the Tallahassee , FL Metropolitan Statistical Area . Wakulla County has a near-absence of any municipal population , with two small municipalities holding about 3% of the population . The county seat , Crawfordville , is one of only two unincorporated county seats among Florida 's 67 counties ."}]}, {'value': "Wooden or masonry forts were at this site during Spanish or British colonial periods , and the Second Seminole War . The Spanish fort 's capture in 1818 by Jackson led the U.S. to acquire Florida in 1821", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_Seminole_War', 'summary': 'The Second Seminole War , also known as the Florida War , was a conflict from 1835 to 1842 in Florida between various groups of Native Americans collectively known as Seminoles and the United States , part of a series of conflicts called the Seminole Wars . The Second Seminole War , often referred to as the Seminole War , is regarded as the longest and most costly of the Indian conflicts of the United States .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Jackson', 'summary': "Andrew Jackson ( March 15 , 1767 - June 8 , 1845 ) was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837 . Before being elected to the presidency , Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of the U.S. Congress . As president , Jackson sought to advance the rights of the common man against a corrupt aristocracy and to preserve the Union . Born in the colonial Carolinas to a Scotch-Irish family in the decade before the American Revolutionary War , Jackson became a frontier lawyer and married Rachel Donelson Robards . He served briefly in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate , representing Tennessee . After resigning , he served as a justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1798 until 1804 . Jackson purchased a property later known as The Hermitage , and became a wealthy , slaveowning planter . In 1801 , he was appointed colonel of the Tennessee militia and was elected its commander the following year . He led troops during the Creek War of 1813-1814 , winning the Battle of Horseshoe Bend . The subsequent Treaty of Fort Jackson required the Creek surrender of vast lands in present-day Alabama and Georgia . In the concurrent war against the British , Jackson 's victory in 1815 at the Battle of New Orleans made him a national hero . Jackson then led U.S. forces in the First Seminole War , which led to the annexation of Florida from Spain ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Walton Mound', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Walton_Mound', 'summary': 'The Fort Walton Mound ( 8OK6 ) is an archaeological site located in present-day Fort Walton Beach , Florida , United States . The large platform mound was built about 850 CE by the Pensacola culture , a local form of the Mississippian culture . Because of its significance , the mound was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964 . Still reduced by time , the massive mound is still 12 feet ( 3.7 m ) high and 223 feet ( 68 m ) wide at the base . It was an expression of a complex culture , built by a hierarchical society whose leaders planned and organized the labor of many workers for such construction . The mound served combined ceremonial , political and religious purposes . At the center of the village and its supporting agricultural lands , the mound served as the platform for the temple and residence of the chief . Successive leaders were buried in the mound and additional layers were added over time . This is one of three surviving mound complexes in the panhandle , the others being Letchworth Mounds and Lake Jackson Mounds state parks .'}]}, {'value': 'July 19 , 1964 ( # 66000268 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Walton Beach 30°24′13″N 86°36′27″W / 30.403611°N 86.6075°W / 30.403611 ; -86.6075 ( Fort Walton Mound )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Walton_Beach,_Florida', 'summary': 'Fort Walton Beach is a city in southern Okaloosa County , Florida , United States . As of 2010 , the population estimate for Fort Walton Beach was 19,507 recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau . It is the principal city of the Fort Walton Beach−Crestview−Destin Metropolitan Statistical Area . Fort Walton Beach is a year-round fishing and beach resort community . Its busiest time of the year is the summer , causing a boost to the local economy because of seasonal human migration .'}]}, {'value': 'Okaloosa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Okaloosa_County,_Florida', 'summary': 'Okaloosa County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Florida , extending from the Gulf of Mexico to the Alabama state line . As of the 2010 census , the population was 180,822 . Its county seat is Crestview . Okaloosa County is included in the Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin , FL Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Type site of the Fort Walton Culture', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Walton_Culture', 'summary': 'The Fort Walton culture is the term used by archaeologists for a late prehistoric Native American archaeological culture that flourished in southeastern North America from approximately 1200~1500 CE and is associated with the historic Apalachee people .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Zachary Taylor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Zachary_Taylor', 'summary': 'The Fort Zachary Taylor Historic State Park , better known simply as Fort Taylor ( or Fort Zach to locals ) is a Florida State Park and National Historic Landmark centered on a Civil War-era fort located near the southern tip of Key West , Florida .'}]}, {'value': 'May 31 , 1973 ( # 71000244 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Key West 24°32′46″N 81°48′37″W / 24.546094°N 81.810292°W / 24.546094 ; -81.810292 ( Fort Zachary Taylor )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Key_West,_Florida', 'summary': 'Key West ( Spanish : Cayo Hueso ) is an island city in the Straits of Florida , within the U.S. state of Florida . The city lies at the southernmost end of U.S. Route 1 , the longest north-south road in the United States . Key West is the southernmost city in the contiguous United States and the westernmost island connected by highway in the Florida Keys . The island is about 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) long and 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) wide , with a total land area of 4.2 square miles ( 11 km2 ) . Duval Street , its main street , is 1.1 miles ( 1.8 km ) in length in its 14-block-long crossing from the Gulf of Mexico to the Straits of Florida and the Atlantic Ocean . Key West is about 95 miles ( 153 km ) north of Cuba at their closest points . The city is the county seat of Monroe County which includes all of the Florida Keys . The city boundaries include the island of Key West and all or part of several nearby islands : Sigsbee Park , Fleming Key , Sunset Key , and the northern part of Stock Island . The total land area of the city is 5.6 square miles ( 14.5 km2 ) . Key West is the southern terminus of U.S. Route 1 , State Road A1A , the East Coast Greenway and , before 1935 , the Florida East Coast Railway . Key West is 130 miles ( 210 km ) southwest of Miami by air , about 165 miles ( 266 km ) by road , and 106 miles ( 171 km ) north-northeast of Havana . Key West is a port of call for many passenger cruise ships .'}]}, {'value': 'Monroe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monroe_County,_Florida', 'summary': "Monroe County is a county in the state of Florida . As of the 2010 census , the population was 73,090 . Its county seat is Key West . Monroe County includes the islands of the Florida Keys and comprises the Key West Micropolitan Statistical Area . Although 87% of the county 's land area is on the mainland , that region is part of the Everglades and is virtually uninhabited with only 60 people in total . Over 99% of the county 's population lives on the Florida Keys ."}]}, {'value': 'Controlled by the Union during the Civil War , later used heavily during the Spanish-American War , it is now a state park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Civil_War', 'summary': "The American Civil War ( also known by other names ) was a civil war in the United States from 1861 to 1865 , fought between the northern United States ( loyal to the Union ) and the southern United States ( that had seceded from the Union and formed the Confederacy ) . [ e ] The civil war began primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people . War broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina shortly after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States . The loyalists of the Union in the North , which also included some geographically western and southern states , proclaimed support for the Constitution . They faced secessionists of the Confederate States in the South , who advocated for states ' rights in order to uphold slavery . Of the 34 U.S. states in February 1861 , seven Southern slave states were declared by their state governments to have seceded from the country , and the Confederate States of America was organized in rebellion against the U.S. constitutional government . The Confederacy grew to control at least a majority of territory in eleven states , and it claimed the additional states of Kentucky and Missouri by assertions from native secessionists fleeing Union authority . These states were given full representation in the Confederate Congress throughout the Civil War . The two remaining slave states , Delaware and Maryland , were invited to join the Confederacy , but nothing substantial developed due to intervention by federal troops . The Confederate states were never diplomatically recognized as a joint entity by the government of the United States , nor by that of any foreign country . [ f ] The states that remained loyal to the U.S. were known as the Union . [ g ] The Union and the Confederacy quickly raised volunteer and conscription armies that fought mostly in the South over the course of four years ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Spanish–American_War', 'summary': "The Spanish-American War ( Spanish : Guerra Hispano-Americana ; Filipino : Digmaang Espanyol-Amerikano ) was an armed conflict between Spain and the United States in 1898 . Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba , leading to U.S. intervention in the Cuban War of Independence . The war led to emergence of U.S. predominance in the Caribbean region , and resulted in U.S. acquisition of Spain 's Pacific possessions . That led to U.S. involvement in the Philippine Revolution and ultimately in the Philippine-American War . The main issue was Cuban independence . Revolts had been occurring for some years in Cuba against Spanish rule . The U.S. later backed these revolts upon entering the Spanish-American War . There had been war scares before , as in the Virginius Affair in 1873 , but in the late 1890s , American public opinion was agitated by reports of gruesome Spanish atrocities . The business community had just recovered from a deep depression and feared that a war would reverse the gains . It lobbied vigorously against going to war . President William McKinley ignored the exaggerated yellow press and sought a peaceful settlement . The United States Navy armored cruiser USS Maine mysteriously exploded and sank in Havana Harbor ; political pressures from the Democratic Party pushed McKinley into a war that he had wished to avoid ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Florida_State_Parks', 'summary': 'The Florida State Parks encompass the majority of the lands that fall under the authority of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection . There are 175 such locations , including nature reserves , recreation areas , and historic sites . New park lands are added as landowners make gifts of property to the state or localities choose to turn over control of their historic sites to the state . The state park system is divided into five administrative districts . The parks and other entities are serviced by a statewide system of park rangers . The state park system also hosts an AmeriCorps chapter , called AmeriCorps Florida State Parks . Several of the state parks were formerly private tourist attractions which were purchased by the state of Florida to preserve their natural environment . These parks include the Silver Springs State Park , Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park , Rainbow Springs State Park , Crystal River Archaeological State Park , and Weeki Wachee Springs .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Freedom Tower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Freedom_Tower_(Miami)', 'summary': "The Freedom Tower ( Spanish : Torre de la Libertad ) is a building in Miami , Florida , designed by Schultze and Weaver . It is currently used as a contemporary art museum and a central office to different disciplines in the arts associated with Miami Dade College . It is located at 600 Biscayne Boulevard on the Wolfson Campus of Miami Dade College . On September 10 , 1979 , it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places . It was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark on October 6 , 2008 , for its role in hosting services for processing Cubans fleeing to Florida . On April 18 , 2012 , the AIA 's Florida Chapter placed the building on its list of Florida Architecture : 100 Years . 100 Places as the Freedom Tower / Formerly Miami News and Metropolis Building . The Freedom Tower is directly served by the Miami Metrorail at the Government Center Station and the Historic Overtown/Lyric Theatre station , as well as by the Metromover at the Freedom Tower Station on the Omni Loop ."}]}, {'value': 'October 6 , 2008 ( # 79000665 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miami 25°46′48″N 80°11′23″W / 25.78°N 80.189722°W / 25.78 ; -80.189722 ( Freedom Tower )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miami,_Florida', 'summary': 'Miami , officially the City of Miami , is the seat of Miami-Dade County , and the cultural , economic and financial center of South Florida in the United States . The city covers an area of about 56 square miles ( 150 km2 ) between the Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east . Miami is the sixth most densely populated major city in the United States with an estimated 2018 population of 470,914 . The Miami metropolitan area is home to 6.1 million people , the second-most populous in the southeastern United States and the seventh-largest in the nation . The city has the third tallest skyline in the U.S. with over 300 high-rises , 55 of which exceed 490 ft ( 149 m ) . Miami is a major center and leader in finance , commerce , culture , media , entertainment , the arts , and international trade . The metro area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States , with a GDP of $ 344.9 billion as of 2017 . In 2018 , Miami was classified as an Alpha level global city by the GaWC . In 2019 , Miami ranked seventh in the United States and 31st among global cities in terms of business activity , human capital , information exchange , cultural experience , and political engagement . According to a 2018 UBS study of 77 world cities , the city was ranked as the third-richest in the United States and the eighth-richest in the world in terms of purchasing power . Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality . Greater Downtown Miami has one of the largest concentrations of international banks in the United States , and is home to many large national and international companies .'}]}, {'value': 'Miami-Dade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miami-Dade_County,_Florida', 'summary': "Miami-Dade County is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Florida . According to a 2018 census report , the county had a population of 2,761,581 , making it the most populous county in Florida and the seventh-most populous county in the United States . It is also Florida 's third largest county in terms of land area , with 1,946 square miles ( 5,040 km2 ) . The county seat is Miami , the principal city in South Florida . Miami-Dade County is one of the three counties in South Florida that make up the Miami metropolitan area , which was home to an estimated 6,198,782 people in 2018 . The county is home to 34 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas . The northern , central and eastern portions of the county are heavily urbanized with many high-rise buildings along the coastline , including South Florida 's central business district , Downtown Miami . Southern Miami-Dade County includes the Redland and Homestead areas , which make up the agricultural economy of the region . Agricultural Redland makes up roughly one third of Miami-Dade County 's inhabited land area , and is sparsely populated , a stark contrast to the densely populated , urban northern portion of the county . The county also includes portions of two national parks . To the west it extends into the Everglades National Park and is populated only by a Miccosukee tribal village . East of the mainland , in Biscayne Bay , is Biscayne National Park and the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserves ."}]}, {'value': 'The original headquarters and printing facility of the Miami News & Metropolis newspaper ; later made a memorial to Cuban immigration to the U.S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cuba', 'summary': "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'González-Alvarez House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gonzalez-Alvarez_House', 'summary': "The González-Alvarez House , also known as The Oldest House , is a historic house museum at 14 St. Francis Street in St. Augustine , Florida . With a construction history dating to about 1723 , it is believed to be the oldest surviving house in St. Augustine . It is also an important example of the St. Augustine 's Spanish colonial architectural style , with later modifications by English owners . It was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1970 . The house is now owned by the St. Augustine Historical Society and is open for public tours as part of the Oldest House Museum Complex . Evidence can be seen of the Spanish , British , and American occupations of St. Augustine ."}]}, {'value': 'April 15 , 1970 ( # 70000845 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St.Augustine 29°53′17″N 81°18′36″W / 29.888004°N 81.310038°W / 29.888004 ; -81.310038 ( González-Alvarez House )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida', 'summary': "St. Augustine ( From Spanish : San Agustín ) is a city in the Southeastern United States , on the Atlantic coast of northeastern Florida . Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorers , it is the oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in the contiguous United States . St. Augustine was founded on September 8 , 1565 by Spanish admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés , Florida 's first governor . He named the settlement San Agustín , as his ships bearing settlers , troops , and supplies from Spain had first sighted land in Florida eleven days earlier on August 28 , the feast day of St. Augustine . The city served as the capital of Spanish Florida for over 200 years . It was designated as the capital of British East Florida when the colony was established in 1763 ; the colony was ceded to Spain in 1783 . Spain ceded Florida to the United States in 1819 , and St. Augustine was designated the capital of the Florida Territory upon ratification of the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1821 . The Florida National Guard made the city its headquarters that same year . The territorial government moved and made Tallahassee the capital of Florida in 1824 . The county seat of St. Johns County , St. Augustine is part of Florida 's First Coast region and the Jacksonville metropolitan area . Since the late 19th century , St. Augustine 's distinct historical character has made the city a tourist attraction ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Johns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Johns_County,_Florida', 'summary': "St. Johns County is a county of the U.S. state of Florida . As of the 2010 United States Census , the county 's population was 190,039 , with a 2018 estimate of 254,261 . The county seat and largest incorporated city is St. Augustine . St. Johns County is part of the Jacksonville metropolitan area . The county was established in 1821 . It is one of the two original counties established after Florida was ceded to the United States , at the start of the Florida Territorial period , and corresponded roughly with the former colonial province of East Florida . It was named for the St. Johns River , which runs along its western border . Today , St. Johns County is primarily made up of residential bedroom communities for those who commute to Jacksonville . Tourism , primarily associated with St. Augustine and the many golf courses in the area , is the chief economic industry . There is also an unincorporated community named Saint Johns in northwestern St. Johns county ."}]}, {'value': 'The oldest house in St. Augustine , built in the early 18th century , and part of the St. Augustine Town Plan Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Augustine_Town_Plan_Historic_District', 'summary': 'The St Augustine Town Plan Historic District is a U.S. National Historic Landmark District encompassing the colonial heart of the city . It substantially encompasses the street plan of the city as contained within the bounds of walls ( no longer standing ) built between the 16th and early 19th centuries . The district is bounded by Cordova , Orange , and St. Francis Streets , and Matanzas Bay . It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970 , although its boundaries were not formally defined until 1986 .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Governor Stone ( schooner )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Governor_Stone_(schooner)', 'summary': 'Governor Stone is a historic schooner , built in 1877 , in Pascagoula , Mississippi . She is the only surviving two-masted coasting cargo schooner built on the Gulf Coast of the United States , and is only one of five such surviving US-built ships . On 4 December 1991 , she was added to the US National Register of Historic Places . One year later , the schooner was designated a US National Historic Landmark . She is presently berthed at Saint Andrews Marina in Panama City , Florida , where she is maintained by a nonprofit group . Sailing tours are regularly scheduled .'}]}, {'value': 'December 4 , 1992 ( # 91002063 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Panama City 30°10′03″N 85°42′09″W / 30.167521°N 85.702600°W / 30.167521 ; -85.702600 ( Governor Stone ( schooner ) )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Panama_City,_Florida', 'summary': 'Panama City is a city and the county seat of Bay County , Florida , United States . Located along U.S. Route 98 , it is the largest city between Tallahassee and Pensacola . It is the more populated of two principal cities of the Panama City-Lynn Haven , Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the 2010 census , the population was 36,484 . The city was catastrophically damaged when Hurricane Michael made landfall as a Category 5 hurricane on October 10 , 2018 . When Panama City was incorporated in 1909 , its original city limits were 15th Street ( Hwy 98 ) on the north , Balboa Avenue on the west and Bay Avenue on the east .'}]}, {'value': 'Bay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bay_County,_Florida', 'summary': 'Bay County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida . As of the 2010 census , the population was 168,852 ( Estimate of 185,287 as of 1 July 2018 [ update ] ) . Its county seat is Panama City . Bay County is included in the Panama City , Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county is best known for its white sand beaches and emerald green water , where large pods of dolphins swim year-round . These beaches attract hundreds of thousands of visitors from all over the world each year .'}]}, {'value': 'Built in 1877 , it is the oldest surviving Gulf-built two-masted coasting schooner', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Current NHLs', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Florida_0', 'intro': "The National Historic Landmarks in Florida are representations of a broad sweep of history from Pre-Columbian times, through the Second Seminole War and Civil War, and the Space Age. There are 46 National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) in [[Florida, which are located in twenty-two of the state's sixty-seven counties. Sixteen of the NHLs in the state are significant examples of a particular architectural style, eleven have military significance, ten are archaeological sites, three were the homes of well-known American authors, and one is associated with the development of the U.S. Space Program. Five sites are in state parks and managed by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Also included is a site determined eligible for National Historic Landmark status, and a list of historical sites in Florida managed by the U.S. National Park Service which also have national significance. The National Historic Landmark program is administered by the National Park Service, a branch of the Department of the Interior. The National Park Service determines which properties meet NHL criteria and makes nomination recommendations after an owner notification process. The Secretary of the Interior reviews nominations and, based on a set of predetermined criteria, makes a decision on NHL designation or a determination of eligibility for designation. Both public and privately owned properties are designated as NHLs. This designation provides indirect, partial protection of the historic integrity of the properties, via tax incentives, grants, monitoring of threats, and other means. Owners may object to the nomination of the property as a NHL. When this is the case the Secretary of the Interior can only designate a site as eligible for designation."}	null	null	What year was `` The Oldest House '' constructed , located in a city founded by Spanish admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés , Florida 's first governor ?	1723
0a155d47c80280c9	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JC_Chasez', 'title': 'JC Chasez', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '1991-1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The All-New Mickey Mouse Club ( TANMMC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_All-New_Mickey_Mouse_Club', 'summary': "The Mickey Mouse Club is an American variety television show which aired intermittently from 1955 to 1996 and returned to social media in 2017 . Created by Walt Disney and produced by Walt Disney Productions , the program was first televised for four seasons , from 1955 to 1959 , by ABC . This original run featured a regular but ever-changing cast of mostly teen performers . ABC broadcast reruns weekday afternoons during the 1958-1959 season , airing right after American Bandstand . The show was revived three times after its initial 1955-1959 run on ABC , first from 1977 to 1979 for first-run syndication as The New Mickey Mouse Club , then from 1989 to 1996 as The All-New Mickey Mouse Club ( also known to fans as MMC from 1993 to 1996 ) airing exclusively on cable television 's The Disney Channel , and again in 2017 with the moniker Club Mickey Mouse airing exclusively on internet social media . Mickey Mouse himself appeared in every show , not only in vintage cartoons originally made for theatrical release , but also in the opening , interstitial , and closing segments made especially for the show . In both the vintage cartoons and new animated segments , Mickey was voiced by his creator Walt Disney . ( Disney had previously voiced the character theatrically from 1928 to 1947 before being replaced by sound effects artist Jimmy MacDonald . )"}]}, {'value': 'Himself', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seasons 4-7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saturday Night Live', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live', 'summary': "Saturday Night Live ( known as SNL ) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol . The show premiered on NBC on October 11 , 1975 , under the original title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show 's comedy sketches , which often parody contemporary culture and politics , are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members . Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest , who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast as with featured performances by a musical guest . An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming , Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! , properly beginning the show . In 1980 , Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities . He was replaced by Jean Doumanian , who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews . Ebersol ran the show until 1985 . Since Michaels ' return he has held the job of show-runner . Many SNL cast members have found national stardom while appearing on the show , and achieved success in film and television , both in front of and behind the camera . Others associated with the show , such as writers , have gone on to successful careers creating , writing , and starring in television and film . Broadcast from Studio 8H at NBC 's headquarters in the Comcast Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza , SNL has aired 884 episodes since its debut , and began its forty-fifth season on September 28 , 2019 , making it one of the longest-running network television programs in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Himself/Musical Guest', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( along with NSYNC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NSYNC', 'summary': "NSYNC ( /ɛnˈsɪŋk/ , /ɪn-/ ; also stylized as NSYNC or ' N Sync ) was an American boy band formed in Orlando , Florida , in 1995 and launched in Germany by BMG Ariola Munich . NSYNC consisted of Justin Timberlake , JC Chasez , Chris Kirkpatrick , Joey Fatone , and Lance Bass . After heavily publicized legal battles with their former manager Lou Pearlman and former record label Bertelsmann Music Group , the group 's second album , No Strings Attached ( 2000 ) , sold over one million copies in one day and 2.42 million copies in one week , which was a record for over fifteen years . Among the group 's singles , I Want You Back , Bye Bye Bye , This I Promise You , Girlfriend , Pop and It 's Gon na Be Me reached the top 10 in several international charts , with the last being a US Billboard Hot 100 number one . In addition to a host of Grammy Award nominations , NSYNC has performed at the World Series , the Super Bowl and the Olympic Games , and sang or recorded with Elton John , Stevie Wonder , Michael Jackson , Janet Jackson , Britney Spears , Phil Collins , Celine Dion , Aerosmith , Nelly , Left Eye , Mary J. Blige , country music supergroup Alabama , and Gloria Estefan . NSYNC last recorded new material in 2002 . The band completed five nationwide concert tours and has sold between 50 and 70 million records , becoming the fifth-best-selling boy band in history . Rolling Stone recognized their instant success as one of the Top 25 Teen Idol Breakout Moments of all time . Justin Timberlake went on to become one of the world 's best-selling music artists , with more than 56 million records sold throughout his solo career ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Simpsons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Simpsons', 'summary': "The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life , epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture and society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after his own family members , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After three seasons , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became Fox 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989-90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , 674 episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . It is the longest-running American sitcom , and the longest-running American scripted primetime television series , both in terms of seasons and number of episodes . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . Then on October 30 , 2007 , a video game was released . The Simpsons was renewed on February 6 , 2019 for a thirty-first and thirty-second season ."}]}, {'value': 'Himself', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : New Kids on the Blecch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Kids_on_the_Blecch', 'summary': "New Kids on the Blecch is the fourteenth episode of the twelfth season of The Simpsons . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 25 , 2001 . In the episode , a music producer selects Bart , Nelson , Milhouse and Ralph to be members of the next hit boy band , who record songs containing subliminal messages about joining the Navy . The episode was written by Tim Long and directed by Steven Dean Moore . The episode 's title is a play on the boy band New Kids on the Block and Mad Magazine 's tendency to use the word blecch in their parodic titles . The episode has received positive reviews from critics and was watched by over 18 million viewers ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'What I Like About You', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/What_I_Like_About_You_(TV_series)', 'summary': "What I Like About You is an American sitcom television series set mainly in New York City , following the lives of two sisters : responsible older sister Val ( Jennie Garth ) and her vivacious teenaged sister Holly ( Amanda Bynes ) . The series ran on The WB from September 20 , 2002 , to March 24 , 2006 , with a total of 86 episodes produced . With the exception of a brief period early in the second season , What I Like About You was a headline on The WB 's Friday Night Comedy Lineup . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Himself', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spa Day ( Season 1 , episode 2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greetings from Tucson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greetings_from_Tucson', 'summary': "Greetings from Tucson is an American sitcom television series created by Peter Murrieta , which aired on The WB from September 20 , 2002 to May 9 , 2003 , during the 2002-2003 season . The series was executive produced by Rob LaZebnik , Peter Murrieta , Howard Klein and David Miner . Though reviews were mixed , critics applauded the abilities of the mostly-Latino cast , calling the show a welcome addition to TV 's largely white landscape , and compared its premise to I Love Lucy , The Jeffersons and the thought-provoking 1970s comedies of Norman Lear ."}]}, {'value': 'Jay Dugray', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Home Sweet Home ( Season 1 , episode 18 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': "What 's New , Scooby-Doo ?", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/What's_New,_Scooby-Doo?", 'summary': "What 's New , Scooby-Doo ? is an American animated mystery comedy television series produced by Warner Bros . Animation for Kids ' WB ; it is the ninth incarnation of the Scooby-Doo franchise that began with Hanna-Barbera 's Scooby-Doo , Where Are You ! and the first of such since the previous incarnation , A Pup Named Scooby-Doo , ended in 1991 . The series revives the format of Scooby-Doo , Where Are You ! , in which the title character and his companions , Fred Jones ; Daphne Blake ; Velma Dinkley and Shaggy Rogers , travel to varying locations solving mysteries ; this format is modernized for What 's New , Scooby-Doo ? , in which the characters utilize technology that did not exist at the time Scooby-Doo , Where Are You ! first aired . It is the first television series in the franchise in which Frank Welker , Grey DeLisle and Mindy Cohn respectively portrayed the voices of Scooby-Doo , Daphne , and Velma , and where Casey Kasem made his comeback as Shaggy after seven years of not voicing the character and would also be the final Scooby-Doo series where he voices the character before his death in 2014 , though he would still do voice work in the two following incarnations , Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue ! and Scooby Doo ! Mystery Incorporated . The series premiered on September 14 , 2002 , and ran for three seasons before ending on July 21 , 2006 . The title song was performed by Canadian band Simple Plan . Reruns of the series have aired on both Cartoon Network and Boomerang in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Himself', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Scooby-Doo Valentine', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/List_of_What's_New,_Scooby-Doo?_episodes", 'summary': "What 's New , Scooby-Doo ? is an American animated mystery-comedy series . The show was broadcast from September 14 , 2002 to July 21 , 2006 on Kids ' WB , a Saturday morning children 's programming block on The WB Television Network . This is the ninth incarnation of the Scooby-Doo franchise , and features the main characters - Fred Jones , Daphne Blake , Velma Dinkley , Shaggy Rogers and Scooby-Doo - investigating appearances of supernatural creatures ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ghost Whisperer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ghost_Whisperer', 'summary': "Ghost Whisperer is an American supernatural television series , which ran on CBS from September 23 , 2005 , to May 21 , 2010 . The series follows the life of Melinda Gordon ( Jennifer Love Hewitt ) , who has the ability to see and communicate with ghosts . While trying to live as normal a life as possible - she is married and owns an antique store - Melinda helps earthbound spirits resolve their problems and cross over into the light , or the spirit world . Her tasks are difficult and at times she struggles with people who push her away and do not believe in her gift . In addition , the ghosts are mysterious and sometimes menacing at first , and Melinda must use the clues available to her to understand the spirits ' needs and help them . The show was created by John Gray and was produced by Sander/Moses Productions , executive producer , and Jennifer Love Hewitt in association with ABC Studios and CBS Television Studios . On May 18 , 2010 , CBS canceled the show after five seasons ."}]}, {'value': 'Samson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Curse of the Ninth ( Season 2 , episode 9 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Las Vegas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Las_Vegas_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Las Vegas is an American comedy-drama television series created by Gary Scott Thompson to be broadcast by NBC from September 22 , 2003 , to February 15 , 2008 . The show focused on a team of people working at the fictional Montecito Resort and Casino dealing with issues that arise within the working environment , ranging from valet parking and restaurant management to casino security . The series originally aired on Monday nights , though NBC later moved the series to Friday nights , first to 9 pm Eastern/8 pm Central and then to 10 pm Eastern/9 pm Central . The show entered syndication in the United States in September 2007 . In July 2013 , after a long run of weekday back-to-back episodes on TNT , Las Vegas reruns were moved to a graveyard slot of 4 am , then removed totally from TNT 's lineup . The series originally centered on Ed Deline ( James Caan ) , a strict ex-CIA officer who went from being head of security to becoming president of operations of the Montecito , whose job is to run the day-to-day operations of the casino . Following his departure from the series in season five , former Marine Danny McCoy ( Josh Duhamel ) , Ed 's former protégé , became the Montecito 's new president of operations . The series abruptly ended with a cliffhanger because NBC cancelled Las Vegas in the offseason following season five ."}]}, {'value': 'William', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'I Could Eat a Horse ( Season 5 , episode 12 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008-2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': "America 's Best Dance Crew", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/America's_Best_Dance_Crew", 'summary': "America 's Best Dance Crew , often abbreviated as ABDC , is an American competitive dance reality television series that features both national and international dance crews . The show was produced by singer , record producer , and former American Idol judge Randy Jackson . The series premiered on February 7 , 2008 , on MTV . It was originally developed for NBC as World Moves . The show was hosted by actor Mario Lopez , and featured television personality Layla Kayleigh as the backstage correspondent . The judging panel consisted of hip hop recording artist Lil Mama , singer-songwriter JC Chasez , and dancer Dominic D-Trix Sandoval . Former judges included hip hop choreographer Shane Sparks and R & B singer Omarion . After an initial seven season run , America 's Best Dance Crew was cancelled in 2012 due to declining ratings . However , on January 10 , 2015 , MTV announced that the series would be revived for an eighth season . The new season , titled Americas Best Dance Crew All-Stars : Road to the VMAs , premiered on July 29 , 2015 . Hosted by Jason Dundas , the revival features a new judging panel : hip hop artist T-Pain , recording artist Teyana Taylor , and Broadway performer Frankie Grande ."}]}, {'value': 'Himself', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Judge', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'JC_Chasez_1', 'intro': "Joshua Scott JC Chasez (/ˈʃɑːzeɪ/; born August 8, 1976) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, record producer, and occasional actor. He started out his career as a cast member on The Mickey Mouse Club before rising to stardom with NSYNC, and by writing and producing for music acts such as Girls Aloud, Basement Jaxx, David Archuleta, and Matthew Morrison. He also served as a judge for America's Best Dance Crew."}	null	null	In how many movies did JC Chasez another character other than himself ?	4
0a15b9acc395f67c	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_crocodiles_and_alligators', 'title': 'List of fictional crocodiles and alligators', 'header': ['Name', 'Animation', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Al', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miami Guns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miami_Guns', 'summary': "Miami Guns ( Japanese : マイアミ☆ガンズ , Hepburn : Maiami Ganzu ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Takeaki Momose . The story takes place in Miami City , which is similar to Miami , Florida , except for several locale changes . It 's mainly about the life of two female Miami City police officers having to stop crimes before they get worse . The setting thus has some similarities to that of the popular TV show Miami Vice ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Al', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Can You Teach My Alligator Manners ?', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Can_You_Teach_My_Alligator_Manners?', 'summary': "Can You Teach My Alligator Manners ? is an American/Canadian/British interactive children 's television show that previously aired on Playhouse Disney . The series premiered on June 21 , 2008 , then aired on Disney Junior in the USA , Canada and Great Britain and Ireland ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aldo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sitting Ducks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sitting_Ducks_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Sitting Ducks is an American children 's animated television series based on the 1970s Sitting Ducks lithograph and the 1998 children 's book of the same name , created by the poster artist Michael Bedard . Sitting Ducks first appeared in 2001 in Europe , later debuting in United States on Cartoon Network , in Australia on ABC , in Canada on YTV , in the United Kingdom on CITV , Disney XD and in the Japanese version of Cartoon Network . The show lasted for two seasons each comprising thirteen episodes , with the last episode shown on December 5 , 2004 . Reruns of the show were aired on Qubo in 2007 , and was later aired as part of its block Qubo Night Owl , until June 30 , 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'An alligator who befriended main character Bill the Duck and is trying to blend into DuckTown', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alfy Gator', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yakky Doodle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yakky_Doodle', 'summary': "Yakky Doodle is a cartoon duck created by Hanna-Barbera Productions . Yakky 's name is a parody of Yankee Doodle ."}]}, {'value': 'A blue alligator who tries to capture Yakky because his gourmet guidebook recommends roast duck', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alligator Master', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'World Destruction : Sekai Bokumetsu no Rokunin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/World_Destruction:_Sekai_Bokumetsu_no_Rokunin', 'summary': 'Sands of Destruction ( ワールド・デストラクション～導かれし意思～ , Wārudo Desutorakushon ~Michibikareshi Ishi~ , World Destruction : Guided Wills ) is a role-playing video game developed by imageepoch and published by Sega for the Nintendo DS . It was released in Japan in 2008 , and in North America in 2010 . The story revolves around a young man , Kyrie , who possesses the power to destroy the world , though he does not know why . The female lead is Morte , a member of a group that is trying to destroy the world .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Axl and Bull Gator', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taz-Mania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taz-Mania', 'summary': "Taz-Mania is an American cartoon sitcom produced by Warner Bros . Animation from 1991 to 1995 , broadcast in the United States on Fox . The show follows the adventures of the Looney Tunes character Taz ( The Tasmanian Devil ) in the fictional land of Tazmania ( based on Tasmania ) . Similar to other Warner Brothers cartoons of its time , such as Animaniacs and Tiny Toon Adventures , Taz-Mania frequently broke the fourth wall , and often made jokes showing that Taz could actually speak perfectly normally when he wanted to . The intro indicates that , in this rendering of Tasmania , the sky 's always yellow , rain or shine . The title song is performed by Jess Harnell and Jim Cummings ."}]}, {'value': 'These alligators are always trying to catch Taz and sell him to a zoo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ben Ali Gator', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/List_of_Disney's_Fantasia_characters", 'summary': "The following are fictional characters from Disney 's 1940 film Fantasia , its 1999 sequel Fantasia 2000 and the video game Fantasia : Music Evolved . Characters in this list are sorted by the film and segment in which they appear ."}]}, {'value': 'Fantasia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)', 'summary': "Fantasia is a 1940 American animated film produced by Walt Disney and released by Walt Disney Productions . With story direction by Joe Grant and Dick Huemer , and production supervision by Ben Sharpsteen , it is the third Disney animated feature film . The film consists of eight animated segments set to pieces of classical music conducted by Leopold Stokowski , seven of which are performed by the Philadelphia Orchestra . Music critic and composer Deems Taylor acts as the film 's Master of Ceremonies , providing a live-action introduction to each animated segment . Disney settled on the film 's concept as work neared completion on The Sorcerer 's Apprentice , an elaborate Silly Symphonies short designed as a comeback role for Mickey Mouse , who had declined in popularity . As production costs grew higher than what it could earn , Disney decided to include the short in a feature-length film with other segments set to classical pieces . The soundtrack was recorded using multiple audio channels and reproduced with Fantasound , a pioneering sound reproduction system that made Fantasia the first commercial film shown in stereophonic sound . Fantasia was first released as a theatrical roadshow held in thirteen U.S. cities from November 13 , 1940 . While acclaimed by critics , it was unable to make a profit due to World War II cutting off distribution to the European market , the film 's high production costs , and the expense of leasing theatres and installing the Fantasound equipment for the roadshow presentations . The film was subsequently reissued multiple times with its original footage and audio being deleted , modified , or restored in each version . Fantasia is the 23rd highest-grossing film of all time in the U.S. when adjusted for inflation . The Fantasia franchise has grown to include video games , Disneyland attractions , and a live concert ."}]}, {'value': 'The prince of the Alligators , who falls in love with Hyachinth Hippo', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/List_of_Disney's_Fantasia_characters", 'summary': "The following are fictional characters from Disney 's 1940 film Fantasia , its 1999 sequel Fantasia 2000 and the video game Fantasia : Music Evolved . Characters in this list are sorted by the film and segment in which they appear ."}]}, {'value': 'Bog', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Outback', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Outback_(2012_film)', 'summary': 'Koala Kid ( also known as Outback or The Outback ) is a 2012 South Korean-American computer-animated action comedy film directed by Kyung Ho Lee . It was released in South Korea on January 12 , 2012 . The movie takes place in Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Antagonistic crocodile who wants to control the Australian billabong', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brutus & Nero', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Rescuers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Rescuers', 'summary': "The Rescuers is a 1977 American animated adventure film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by Buena Vista Distribution . The 23rd Disney animated feature film , the film is about the Rescue Aid Society , an international mouse organization headquartered in New York City and shadowing the United Nations , dedicated to helping abduction victims around the world at large . Two of these mice , jittery janitor Bernard ( Bob Newhart ) and his co-agent , the elegant Miss Bianca ( Eva Gabor ) , set out to rescue Penny ( Michelle Stacy ) , an orphan girl being held prisoner in the Devil 's Bayou by treasure huntress Madame Medusa ( Geraldine Page ) . The film is based on a series of books by Margery Sharp , most notably The Rescuers and Miss Bianca . The Rescuers entered development in 1962 , but was shelved due to Walt Disney 's dislike of the project 's political overtones . During the 1970s , the film was revived as a project for the younger animators , but it was taken over by the senior animation staff following the release of Robin Hood ( 1973 ) . The Rescuers was released on June 22 , 1977 , to positive critical reception and became a box office success . The film was also successful throughout the world , including France and West Germany . Due to the film 's success , a sequel titled The Rescuers Down Under was released in 1990 , which made this film the first Disney animated film to have a sequel ."}]}, {'value': "The two crocodiles under Madame Medusa 's command", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madame_Medusa', 'summary': "The Rescuers is a 1977 American animated adventure film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by Buena Vista Distribution . The 23rd Disney animated feature film , the film is about the Rescue Aid Society , an international mouse organization headquartered in New York City and shadowing the United Nations , dedicated to helping abduction victims around the world at large . Two of these mice , jittery janitor Bernard ( Bob Newhart ) and his co-agent , the elegant Miss Bianca ( Eva Gabor ) , set out to rescue Penny ( Michelle Stacy ) , an orphan girl being held prisoner in the Devil 's Bayou by treasure huntress Madame Medusa ( Geraldine Page ) . The film is based on a series of books by Margery Sharp , most notably The Rescuers and Miss Bianca . The Rescuers entered development in 1962 , but was shelved due to Walt Disney 's dislike of the project 's political overtones . During the 1970s , the film was revived as a project for the younger animators , but it was taken over by the senior animation staff following the release of Robin Hood ( 1973 ) . The Rescuers was released on June 22 , 1977 , to positive critical reception and became a box office success . The film was also successful throughout the world , including France and West Germany . Due to the film 's success , a sequel titled The Rescuers Down Under was released in 1990 , which made this film the first Disney animated film to have a sequel ."}]}, {'value': 'Carmine', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Wild', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Catchum Crocodile', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Get Along Gang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Get_Along_Gang', 'summary': "The Get Along Gang are characters created in 1983 by American Greetings ' toy design and licensing division , Those Characters from Cleveland ( now American Greetings Properties ) , for a series of greeting cards . The Get Along Gang are a group of 12 ( later 14 ) pre-adolescent anthropomorphic animal characters in the fictional town of Green Meadow , who form a club that meets in an abandoned caboose and who have various adventures whose upbeat stories intended to show the importance of teamwork and friendship . The success of the greeting card line led to a Saturday morning television series , which aired on CBS for 13 episodes in the 1984-1985 season , with reruns showing from January until June 1986 ."}]}, {'value': "The show 's main antagonist", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christopher', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christopher Crocodile', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christopher_Crocodile', 'summary': "Christopher Crocodile is a British children 's cartoon TV series . It was produced by Direct Entertainment Ltd , and aired from 18 September 1992 to 11 December 1992 in the United Kingdom on CBBC and on the Cartoon Network in the United States from 28 March 1993 to 20 June 1993 . It was produced by Mike Joyce , with the idea created by Graham Purcell . The music score was composed by Kick Production using E-mu Proteus 1 Pop/Rock and E-mu Proteus 2 Orchestral audio samplers . The protagonist of the series is Christopher Crocodile , who , according to the plot , left his native Mudagascar ( a clear parallel of Madagascar ) to devote his energy and inventive mind to helping the people of Muddytown , where most of the programmes are set . Muddy Town receives a lot of rain , which makes it a very muddy place ; this makes Mayor Muggins and the townsfolk unhappy but it makes the crocodile very happy because he like to wallow in the muddy pools around town . Christopher proves to be an asset to Muddy Town , because he invents new gadgets , almost all of which are highly improbable in real life ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crocco', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Re-Animated', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Re-Animated', 'summary': "Re-Animated is a live-action/animated television film that aired on Cartoon Network on December 8 , 2006 . It was the first original production on the genre for the network . The movie was released on DVD September 11 , 2007 and serves as pilot for the follow-up series Out of Jimmy 's Head , which premiered on September 14 , 2007 . The films animation was produced by Renegade Animation , which previously produced Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi for Cartoon Network ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crocodile Gentleman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Witch Craft Works', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Witch_Craft_Works', 'summary': 'Witchcraft Works ( ウィッチクラフトワークス , Witchikurafuto Wākusu ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ryū Mizunagi . The manga has been serialized in Kodanshas good ! Afternoon magazine since March 2010 and the chapters collected into 14 tankōbon volumes . An anime television series adaptation animated by J.C.Staff aired in Japan from January to March 2014 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crocubot', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rick and Morty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rick_and_Morty', 'summary': "Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science fiction sitcom created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network 's late-night programming block Adult Swim . The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his good-hearted but fretful grandson Morty Smith , who split their time between domestic life and interdimensional adventures . Roiland voices the eponymous characters , with Chris Parnell , Spencer Grammer and Sarah Chalke voicing the rest of the family . The series originated from an animated short parody film of Back to the Future , created by Roiland for Channel 101 , a short film festival co-founded by Harmon . The series has been acclaimed by critics for its originality , creativity and humor . The series has been picked up for an additional seventy episodes over an unspecified number of seasons , beginning with season 4 . The fourth season premiered on November 10 , 2019 and will consist of ten episodes ."}]}, {'value': 'Half robot , half crocodile', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Derick', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Secret Life of Pets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Secret_Life_of_Pets', 'summary': "The Secret Life of Pets is a 2016 3D American computer-animated comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment . It is directed by Chris Renaud , co-directed by Yarrow Cheney , written by Brian Lynch , Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio and is the first film of the franchise of the same name . The voice cast stars Louis C.K. , Eric Stonestreet , Kevin Hart , Steve Coogan , Ellie Kemper , Bobby Moynihan , Lake Bell , Dana Carvey , Hannibal Buress , Jenny Slate , and Albert Brooks . The Secret Life of Pets premiered at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival on June 16 , 2016 , and was released in theaters in the United States on July 8 , 2016 , by Universal Pictures . The film received generally positive reviews and grossed $ 875 million worldwide , becoming the sixth-highest-grossing film of 2016 , and was the year 's most profitable release . A sequel , The Secret Life of Pets 2 , was released on June 7 , 2019 with Patton Oswalt taking the role of Max from Louis C.K ."}]}, {'value': 'A crocodile who is one of the Flushed Pets', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dil', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Land Before Time IV : Journey Through the Mists', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Land_Before_Time_IV:_Journey_Through_the_Mists', 'summary': 'The Land Before Time IV : Journey Through the Mists is a 1996 American direct-to-video animated adventure musical film produced by Universal Animation Studios ( formerly known as Universal Cartoon Studios ) and directed by Roy Allen Smith . This is the fourth installment and third Land Before Time sequel directed by Smith , as well as the last to feature any of the original voice cast . The film was nominated for two Annie Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'A nearsighted Deinosuchus along with Ichy who tried to eat Littlefoot and the gang', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Floyd and Jolene', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kissyfur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kissyfur', 'summary': "Kissyfur is an American animated children 's television series which aired on NBC in the 1980s . It was produced by Jean Chalopin and Andy Heyward and created by Phil Mendez for DIC Animation City . The series was based on a half-hour NBC special called Kissyfur : Bear Roots and was followed by three more specials until its Saturday morning debut . The show ran for two seasons . It also aired on the BBC ( as part of its But First This lineup becoming the only cartoon made for the BBC during that block ) , TCC and Nickelodeon in the UK , ATV World in Hong Kong , SABC1 and SABC2 in South Africa , TVP in Poland , TV3 in New Zealand , Sirasa TV in Sri Lanka , SBT in Brazil , MediaCorp Channel 5 in Singapore , JBC , SSTV and Television Jamaica in Jamaica , RTB in Brunei , Namibian Broadcasting Corporation in Namibia , GMA Network in the Philippines , Armed Forces Network in Germany , Canal+ in France , Israeli Educational Television in Israel , NCRV in the Netherlands and Seven Network in Australia . The show follows the adventures of Gus and Kissyfur , a father and son bear duo who had joined the circus . One day on a circus trip , the train they are riding in derails and the bears escape to a new life in the swamps of Paddlecab County . There , they protect the local swamp 's inhabitants from the local bumbling alligators Floyd and Jolene . Kissyfur and his father use the skills they have acquired from the human world to create a boat tour business transporting other animals and their products down the river ."}]}, {'value': 'The antagonist alligators', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Francisco', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T.U.F.F . Puppy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/T.U.F.F._Puppy', 'summary': "T.U.F.F . Puppy is an American action animated comedy television series created by Butch Hartman for Nickelodeon . It premiered on October 2 , 2010 at 11:00 a.m. , on Nickelodeon along with Planet Sheen , which premiered an hour earlier . T.U.F.F . Puppy is Butch Hartman 's third animated series for Nickelodeon , after The Fairly OddParents and Danny Phantom . The series was cancelled after its 3rd season and aired its final episode on April 4 , 2015 . In early 2011 , the series was renewed for a second season which premiered on May 13 , 2012 . The first two seasons consist of 26 episodes each , and the third season consisted of eight episodes , for a total of 60 episodes ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gabby Gator', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gabby_Gator', 'summary': 'Gabby Gator is an animated cartoon character , an anthropomorphic alligator who appeared in several cartoons produced by Walter Lantz and distributed by Universal Pictures . Gabby lives in the Okiedokie Swamp , which is a play on Lake Okeechobee and is near Cape Canaveral . Unfortunately for him , this place does not have many food options , and Gabby is forced to attract the food ( usually Woody Woodpecker ) to his home and attempt to capture him with anything he might have at hand , including highly advanced technology . Though Gabbie Gator is intelligent and crafty , Woody always escapes , usually leaving Gabby with his home destroyed . The strangest thing about Gabby Gator is that he seems to have a vast supply of carrots , which are useless for a carnivorous reptile .'}]}, {'value': 'Woody Woodpecker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Woody_Woodpecker', 'summary': "Woody Woodpecker is a cartoon anthropomorphic woodpecker appeared in theatrical short films produced by the Walter Lantz Studio and distributed by Universal Studios . Woody was created in 1940 by Lantz and storyboard artist Ben Bugs Hardaway , who had previously laid the groundwork for two other screwball characters , Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck , at the Warner Bros. cartoon studio in the late 1930s . Woody 's character and design evolved over the years , from an insane bird with an unusually garish design to a more refined looking and acting character in the vein of the later Chuck Jones version of Bugs Bunny . Woody was originally voiced by prolific voice actor Mel Blanc , who was succeeded by Danny Webb , Kent Rogers , Ben Hardaway and finally Grace Stafford ( wife of Walter Lantz ) . Lantz produced theatrical cartoons longer than most of his contemporaries , and Woody Woodpecker remained a staple of Universal 's release schedule until 1972 , when Lantz finally closed down his studio . The character has been revived since then for special productions and occasions as well as for The New Woody Woodpecker Show , a late 1990s/early 2000s Fox Network Saturday-morning cartoon television series that featured prolific voice actor Billy West as Woody . Woody Woodpecker cartoons were first broadcast on television in 1957 under the title The Woody Woodpecker Show , which featured Lantz cartoons bookended by new footage of Woody and live-action footage of Lantz . Woody has a motion picture star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on 7000 Hollywood Boulevard . He also made a cameo appearance alongside many other famous cartoon characters in the 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit . Like Mickey Mouse of The Walt Disney Company and Bugs Bunny of Warner Bros. , Woody Woodpecker is the official mascot of Universal Studios . Woody and his friends are also icons at the Universal Studios Theme Parks worldwide , as well as the PortAventura Park in the PortAventura World , Salou , Spain ( they were originally brought to the park by Universal Studios , and remain there today despite Universal no longer having a financial stake in the park ) ."}]}, {'value': 'An antagonizing alligator to the wacky woodpecker', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Animation', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_fictional_crocodiles_and_alligators_4', 'intro': 'This is a list of fictional crocodiles and alligators from literature, folklore and myth, mascots and emblems of teams and organizations, comics, films, animations and video games. This list is subsidiary to the list of fictional animals. It is restricted to notable crocodilian characters from notable works of fiction. Characters that appear in multiple media may have separate listings for each appearance, while in instances where a character has appeared in several separate works in a single medium, only the earliest will be recorded here.'}	null	null	What is the name of a character from animation based on lithograph and children 's book ?	Aldo
0a1750b54ea7b0be	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1959', 'title': 'List of Japanese films of 1959', 'header': ['Title', 'Director', 'Cast', 'Genre'], 'data': [{'value': 'Battle in Outer Space', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_in_Outer_Space', 'summary': 'Battle in Outer Space ( 宇宙大戦争 , Uchū Daisensō ) is a 1959 Japanese science fiction film produced by Toho Studios . Directed by Ishirō Honda and featuring special effects by Eiji Tsuburaya , the film starred Ryō Ikebe , Koreya Senda and Yoshio Tsuchiya . The film was released theatrically in the United States in the summer of 1960 by Columbia Pictures .'}]}, {'value': 'Ishirō Honda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ishirō_Honda', 'summary': 'Ishirō Honda ( 本多猪四郎 , Honda Ishirō , 7 May 1911 - 28 February 1993 ) , sometimes miscredited in foreign releases as Inoshiro Honda , was a Japanese film director and screenwriter . He is best known for his kaiju and tokusatsu films , including several entries in the Godzilla franchise , but also worked extensively in the documentary and war genres earlier in his career . Honda was also a lifelong friend and collaborator of Akira Kurosawa , and worked with Kurosawa extensively during the 1980s and 1990s .'}]}, {'value': 'Ryō Ikebe , Kyoko Anzai , Minoru Takada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryō_Ikebe', 'summary': 'Ryō Ikebe ( 池部良 , Ikebe Ryō ) ( 11 February 1918 - 8 October 2010 ) was a Japanese actor . He graduated from Rikkyō University and originally wanted to be a screenwriter , but ended up debuting as an actor at Tōhō in 1941 . He did not achieve popularity until starring in a series of youth films in the late 1940s . He expanded his acting range in the 1950s , while still frequently appearing in genre films , such as Tōhō tokusatsu films and yakuza films at Tōei . He was also known as an essayist .'}]}, {'value': 'Science fiction', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beauty Is Guilty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yasuzo Masumura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yasuzo_Masumura', 'summary': 'Yasuzo Masumura ( 増村保造 , Masumura Yasuzō , August 25 , 1924 - November 23 , 1986 ) was a Japanese film director .'}]}, {'value': 'Ayako Wakao , Fujiko Yamamoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayako_Wakao', 'summary': 'Ayako Wakao ( 若尾文子 , Wakao Ayako , November 8 , 1933 in Tokyo , Japan ) is a Japanese actress .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fujiko_Yamamoto', 'summary': 'Fujiko Yamamoto ( 山本富士子 , Yamamoto Fujiko ) ( born 11 December 1931 ) is a Japanese film and stage actress . She appeared in over 100 films between 1953 and 1963 . She won the first Grand Prix of Miss Nippon in 1950 .'}]}, {'value': 'Romance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Enchanted Princess', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ayako Wakao , Raizo Ichikawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayako_Wakao', 'summary': 'Ayako Wakao ( 若尾文子 , Wakao Ayako , November 8 , 1933 in Tokyo , Japan ) is a Japanese actress .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Raizo_Ichikawa', 'summary': 'Ichikawa Raizō VIII ( 八代目市川雷蔵 , Hachidaime Ichikawa Raizō , August 29 , 1931 - July 17 , 1969 ) was a Japanese film and kabuki actor . His birth name was Akio Kamezaki ( 亀崎章雄 , Kamezaki Akio ) , and his name was legally changed several times , first to Yoshio Takeuchi ( 武内嘉男 , Takeuchi Yoshio ) , and later to Yoshiya Ōta ( 太田吉哉 , Ōta Yoshiya ) , separate from his performing name . Six months after his birth in Kyoto he became the adopted son of Ichikawa Kudanji III ( 三代目市川九團次 , Sandaime Ichikawa Kudanji ) . He made his kabuki acting debut at the age of 15 under the name Ichikawa Enzō ( 市川延蔵 , Ichikawa Enzō ) . In 1951 he was adopted by Ichikawa Jūkai III ( 三代目市川壽海 , Sandaime Ichikawa Jūkai ) and was renamed as Ichikawa Raizō VIII . In 1954 he began a career as a film actor . He received breakout acclaim for his performance in Enjō and received several awards for the performance including the Blue Ribbon Award and the Kinema Junpo Award , both for the category of Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role . Among his fans he was referred to lovingly as Rai-sama . In June 1968 he was diagnosed with and underwent surgery for rectal cancer , but it metastasized to his liver and he died the following year . Ichikawa Raizō appeared mostly in period dramas ( jidaigeki ) . He is best known for the Sleepy Eyes of Death ( Nemuri Kyoshirō ) series , Ninja ( Shinobi no Mono ) series and Nakano Spy School ( Rikugun Nakano Gakkō ) series ( based on the Nakano School ) . Raizō worked many times with director Kenji Misumi .'}]}, {'value': 'Fantasy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Birth of Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Birth_of_Japan', 'summary': 'The Three Treasures ( 日本誕生 , Nippon Tanjō , lit . Birth of Japan ) is a 1959 Japanese film directed by Hiroshi Inagaki . The film is based on the legends Kojiki and Nihon Shoki and the origins of Shinto . The film was the highest grossing film of 1959 for Toho and the second highest grossing domestic production in Japan for the year .'}]}, {'value': 'Hiroshi Inagaki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hiroshi_Inagaki', 'summary': 'Hiroshi Inagaki ( 稲垣浩 , Inagaki Hiroshi , 30 December 1905 - 21 May 1980 ) was a Japanese filmmaker best remembered for the Academy Award-winning Samurai I : Musashi Miyamoto , which was released in 1954 .'}]}, {'value': 'Yoko Tsukasa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yoko_Tsukasa', 'summary': 'Yoko Tsukasa ( 司葉子 , Tsukasa Yōko ) is a Japanese actress . She won the award for best actress at the 17th Blue Ribbon Awards for Kinokawa .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fires on the Plain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fires_on_the_Plain_(1959_film)', 'summary': 'Fires on the Plain ( 野火 , Nobi ) is a 1959 Japanese war film directed by Kon Ichikawa , starring Eiji Funakoshi . The screenplay , written by Natto Wada , is based on the novel Nobi ( Tokyo 1951 ) by Shōhei Ōoka , translated as Fires on the Plain . It initially received mixed reviews from both Japanese and international critics concerning its violence and bleak theme . In following decades , however , it has become highly regarded . Fires on the Plain follows a tubercular Japanese private and his attempt to stay alive during the latter part of World War II . Kon Ichikawa has noted its thematic struggle between staying alive , and crossing the ultimate low .'}]}, {'value': 'Kon Ichikawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kon_Ichikawa', 'summary': 'Kon Ichikawa ( 市川崑 , Ichikawa Kon , 20 November 1915 - 13 February 2008 ) was a Japanese film director .'}]}, {'value': 'Eiji Funakoshi , Osamu Takizawa , Mickey Curtis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eiji_Funakoshi', 'summary': 'Eiji Funakoshi ( 船越英二 , Funakoshi Eiji , 17 March 1923 - 17 March 2007 ) was a Japanese actor . He received the Kinema Junpo Award for Best Actor and the Mainichi Film Concours for Best Actor for his performance in Fires on the Plain .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Osamu_Takizawa', 'summary': 'Osamu Takizawa ( 滝沢修 , Takizawa Osamu , 13 November 1906 - 22 June 2000 ) was a Japanese actor . He was born in Ushigome , Shinjuku , Tokyo . Starting at the Tsukiji Little Theater , Takizawa participated in a number of theatrical troupes before forming Gekidan Mingei with Jūkichi Uno . His was praised for his performance in Death of a Salesman and also directed a version of The Diary of Anne Frank . Perhaps his most notable film role was in Fires on the Plain .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mickey_Curtis', 'summary': 'Mickey Curtis ( ミッキー・カーチス , Mikkī Kāchisu , born Michael Brian Curtis ( マイケル・ブライアン・カーティス , Maikeru Buraian Kātisu ) ; 23 July 1938 ) is a Japanese actor , singer , and Media Personality . He was born to English-Japanese parents . A pivotal figure in Japanese popular music , Mickey is considered one of the three big Japanese names in rock music , helping to popularize the genre in the 1950s where he began as a rockabilly singer . In 1967 he became internationally known for his avant-garde rock band Mickey Curtis & The Samurai . After five years Mickey disbanded the group and returned to Japan in 1972 , where he began producing other musicians . As an actor his first role was as a rock singer in the 1958 film All About Marriage by Kihachi Okamoto , and he has since gone on to star in more than 70 feature films . At over 70 years of age he is one of the oldest major celebrities in Japan and a regular TV personality . Apart from his entertainment career he has also been a race car driver and owns a motorcycle shop in Meguro , Tokyo . [ citation needed ] He speaks Japanese , English , French , German , Italian and Thai .'}]}, {'value': 'War drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Floating Weeds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Floating_Weeds', 'summary': "Floating Weeds ( 浮草 , Ukikusa ) is a 1959 Japanese drama film directed by Yasujirō Ozu , starring Ganjirō Nakamura and Machiko Kyō . It is a remake of Ozu 's own black-and-white silent film A Story of Floating Weeds ( 1934 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Yasujirō Ozu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yasujirō_Ozu', 'summary': "Yasujirō Ozu ( 小津安二郎 , Ozu Yasujirō , 12 December 1903 - 12 December 1963 ) was a Japanese film director and screenwriter . He began his career during the era of silent films , and his last films were made in color in the early 1960s . Ozu first made a number of short comedies , before turning to more serious themes in the 1930s . The most prominent themes of Ozu 's work are marriage and family , especially the relationships between generations . His most widely acclaimed films include Late Spring ( 1949 ) , Tokyo Story ( 1953 ) , Floating Weeds ( 1959 ) , and An Autumn Afternoon ( 1962 ) . His reputation has continued to grow since his death , and he is widely regarded as one of the world 's most influential directors . In the 2012 Sight & Sound poll , Ozu 's Tokyo Story was voted the greatest film of all time by filmmakers worldwide , and the third-greatest film of all time by critics ."}]}, {'value': 'Ganjirō Nakamura , Haruko Sugimura , Hiroshi Kawaguchi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ganjirō_Nakamura', 'summary': 'Ganjirō Nakamura ( 中村鴈治郎 , Nakamura Ganjirō , 17 February 1902 - 13 April 1983 ) was a Japanese film actor . He appeared in 48 films between 1957 and 1982 . He starred in the film The End of Summer , which was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Haruko_Sugimura', 'summary': "Haruko Sugimura ( 杉村春子 , Sugimura Haruko , January 6 , 1909 - April 4 , 1997 ) was a Japanese stage and film actress , best known for her appearances in the movies of Yasujirō Ozu and Mikio Naruse from the late 1940s to the early 1960s . In the West , her most famous role was that of Shige , the elderly couple 's hairdresser daughter in Ozu 's Tokyo Story ( 1953 ) . She starred in Naruse 's Late Chrysanthemums ( 1954 ) . She refused the Order of Culture award ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hiroshi_Kawaguchi_(actor)', 'summary': "Hiroshi Kawaguchi ( 川口浩 , 22 August 1936 - 11 November 1987 ) was a Japanese film actor . He appeared in 37 films between 1956 and 1983 . He was born in Tokyo , Japan . Kawaguchi 's father worked for Daiei Film , where Kawaguchi acted ."}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Ghost of Yotsuya', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nobuo Nakagawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nobuo_Nakagawa', 'summary': 'Nobuo Nakagawa ( 中川信夫 , Nakagawa Nobuo , April 18 , 1905 - June 17 , 1984 ) was a Japanese film director , most famous for the stylized , folk tale-influenced horror films he made in the 1950s and 1960s .'}]}, {'value': 'Shigeru Amachi , Noriko Kitazawa , Kazuko Wakasugi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shigeru_Amachi', 'summary': 'Shigeru Amachi ( 天知茂 , Amachi Shigeru , 4 March 1931 - 27 July 1985 ) was a Japanese actor . He appeared in more than 120 films from 1953 to 1984 .'}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Good Morning', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Good_Morning_(1959_film)', 'summary': "Good Morning ( お早よう , Ohayō ) is a 1959 comedy film by Japanese director Yasujirō Ozu . It is a loose remake of his own 1932 silent film I Was Born , But. , and is Ozu 's second film in color ."}]}, {'value': 'Yasujirō Ozu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yasujirō_Ozu', 'summary': "Yasujirō Ozu ( 小津安二郎 , Ozu Yasujirō , 12 December 1903 - 12 December 1963 ) was a Japanese film director and screenwriter . He began his career during the era of silent films , and his last films were made in color in the early 1960s . Ozu first made a number of short comedies , before turning to more serious themes in the 1930s . The most prominent themes of Ozu 's work are marriage and family , especially the relationships between generations . His most widely acclaimed films include Late Spring ( 1949 ) , Tokyo Story ( 1953 ) , Floating Weeds ( 1959 ) , and An Autumn Afternoon ( 1962 ) . His reputation has continued to grow since his death , and he is widely regarded as one of the world 's most influential directors . In the 2012 Sight & Sound poll , Ozu 's Tokyo Story was voted the greatest film of all time by filmmakers worldwide , and the third-greatest film of all time by critics ."}]}, {'value': 'Koji Shidara , Masahiko Shimazu , Chishū Ryū', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chishū_Ryū', 'summary': 'Chishū Ryū ( 笠智衆 , Ryū Chishū , May 13 , 1904 - March 16 , 1993 ) was a Japanese actor who , in a career lasting 65 years , appeared in over 160 films and about 70 TV productions .'}]}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hiroshima mon amour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hiroshima_mon_amour', 'summary': "Hiroshima mon amour ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ iʁoʃima mɔ̃.n‿amuʁ ] , Hiroshima My Love ; Japanese : 二十四時間の情事 Nijūyojikan'nojōji , Twenty-four-hour affair ) is a 1959 French New Wave romantic drama film directed by French film director Alain Resnais , with a screenplay by Marguerite Duras . It is the documentation of an intensely personal conversation between a French-Japanese couple about memory and forgetfulness . It was a major catalyst for the Left Bank Cinema , making use of miniature flashbacks to create a nonlinear storyline ."}]}, {'value': 'Alain Resnais', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alain_Resnais', 'summary': 'Alain Resnais ( French : [ alɛ̃ ʁɛnɛ ] ; 3 June 1922 - 1 March 2014 ) was a French film director and screenwriter whose career extended over more than six decades . After training as a film editor in the mid-1940s , he went on to direct a number of short films which included Night and Fog ( 1956 ) , an influential documentary about the Nazi concentration camps . Resnais began making feature films in the late 1950s and consolidated his early reputation with Hiroshima mon amour ( 1959 ) , Last Year at Marienbad ( 1961 ) , and Muriel ( 1963 ) , all of which adopted unconventional narrative techniques to deal with themes of troubled memory and the imagined past . These films were contemporary with , and associated with , the French New Wave ( la nouvelle vague ) , though Resnais did not regard himself as being fully part of that movement . He had closer links to the Left Bank group of authors and filmmakers who shared a commitment to modernism and an interest in left-wing politics . He also established a regular practice of working on his films in collaboration with writers previously unconnected with the cinema such as Jean Cayrol , Marguerite Duras , Alain Robbe-Grillet , Jorge Semprún and Jacques Sternberg . In later films , Resnais moved away from the overtly political topics of some previous works and developed his interests in an interaction between cinema and other cultural forms , including theatre , music , and comic books . This led to imaginative adaptations of plays by Alan Ayckbourn , Henri Bernstein and Jean Anouilh , as well as films featuring various kinds of popular song . His films frequently explore the relationship between consciousness , memory , and the imagination , and he was noted for devising innovative formal structures for his narratives . Throughout his career , he won many awards from international film festivals and academies .'}]}, {'value': 'Emmanuelle Riva , Eiji Okada , Bernard Fresson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emmanuelle_Riva', 'summary': "Emmanuelle Riva ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ɛmanɥɛl ʁiva ] ; 24 February 1927 - 27 January 2017 ) was a French actress , best known for her roles in the films Hiroshima mon amour ( 1959 ) and Amour ( 2012 ) . Riva was nominated for a BAFTA Award for her role in Hiroshima mon amour , and won Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival for Thérèse Desqueyroux ( 1962 ) . For her lead role in Michael Haneke 's Amour , she won a BAFTA Award and the César Award , and was nominated for an Academy Award ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Eiji_Okada', 'summary': "Eiji Okada ( 岡田英次 , Okada Eiji , 13 June 1920 - 14 September 1995 ) was a Japanese film actor from Chōshi , Chiba . Okada served in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II and was a miner and traveling salesman before becoming an actor . Internationally , his best-remembered roles include Lui ( him in French ) in the 1959 film Hiroshima mon amour , directed by Alain Resnais . In this film , Eiji Okada had to learn the screenplay phonetically because he did n't speak French . He is also known for playing the entomologist Niki Junpei in Hiroshi Teshigahara 's 1964 film Woman in the Dunes , an adaptation of Kōbō Abe 's novel . He was also second billed under Marlon Brando in the 1963 political thriller The Ugly American . Okada was married to Aiko Wasa , with whom he ran a theatre company in Japan . He died on 14 September 1995 of heart failure , at the age of 75 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bernard_Fresson', 'summary': "Bernard Fresson ( 27 May 1931 - 20 October 2002 ) was a French actor who primarily worked in film . Born in Reims , France , to a French baker , Fresson attended the Lycée privé Sainte-Geneviève , majoring in law . He studied in Tania Balachova 's drama class in Paris and later became part of Jean Vilar 's Théâtre National Populaire at the Palais de Chaillot . He made his on-screen debut in the Alain Renais film Hiroshima mon amour as a German soldier . His notable film roles include : Gilbert in La Prisonnière ( 1968 ) , Inspector Barthelmy in John Frankenheimer 's French Connection II ( 1974 ) , Scope in Roman Polanski 's The Tenant ( 1976 ) , Francis in Garçon ! ( 1983 ) , Morin in Street of No Return ( 1989 ) and Vincent Malivert in Place Vendôme ( 1998 ) . He also appeared in the 1969 Costa-Gavras film Z . For his roles in Garçon ! and Place Vendôme , Fresson received a César nomination for Best Supporting Actor ."}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Human Condition', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Human_Condition_(film_series)', 'summary': 'The Human Condition ( 人間の條件 , Ningen no jōken ) is a Japanese epic film trilogy made between 1959 and 1961 , based on the six-volume novel published from 1956 to 1958 by Junpei Gomikawa . It was directed by Masaki Kobayashi and stars Tatsuya Nakadai . The trilogy follows the life of Kaji , a Japanese pacifist and socialist , as he tries to survive in the totalitarian and oppressive world of World War II-era Japan . Altogether , as a single film it is 9 hours , 47 minutes long , which includes intermissions , making it one of the longest narrative films ever made .'}]}, {'value': 'Masaki Kobayashi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Masaki_Kobayashi', 'summary': 'Masaki Kobayashi ( 小林正樹 , Kobayashi Masaki , February 14 , 1916 - October 4 , 1996 ) was a Japanese film director , best known for the epic trilogy The Human Condition ( 1959-1961 ) , the samurai films Harakiri ( 1962 ) and Samurai Rebellion ( 1967 ) , and the horror movie Kwaidan ( 1964 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Tatsuya Nakadai , Michiyo Aratama , So Yamamura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tatsuya_Nakadai', 'summary': "Tatsuya Nakadai ( 仲代達矢 , Nakadai Tatsuya , born Motohisa Nakadai ; December 13 , 1932 ) is a Japanese film actor famous for the wide variety of characters he has portrayed and many collaborations with famous Japanese film directors . He was featured in 11 films directed by Masaki Kobayashi , including The Human Condition trilogy , wherein he starred as the lead character Kaji , plus Harakiri , Samurai Rebellion and Kwaidan . Nakadai worked with a number of Japan 's best-known filmmakers - starring or co-starring in five films directed by Akira Kurosawa , as well as being cast in significant films directed by Hiroshi Teshigahara ( The Face of Another ) , Mikio Naruse ( When a Woman Ascends the Stairs ) , Kihachi Okamoto ( Kill ! and The Sword of Doom ) , Hideo Gosha ( Goyokin ) , Shirō Toyoda ( Portrait of Hell ) and Kon Ichikawa ( Enjō and Odd Obsession ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Michiyo_Aratama', 'summary': "Michiyo Aratama ( 新珠三千代 , Aratama Michiyo , birth name Kyoko Toda 戸田馨子 , 15 January 1930 - 17 March 2001 ) was a Japanese actress who appeared in leading and supporting roles in such films as Hiroshi Inagaki 's Chushingura : Hana no Maki , Yuki no Maki , Kihachi Okamoto 's Samurai Assassin and Sword of Doom , and Masaki Kobayashi 's Kwaidan , Hymn to a Tired Man and The Human Condition trilogy . She died of heart failure . in 2001 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/So_Yamamura', 'summary': 'So Yamamura ( 山村聰 , Yamamura Sō , 24 February 1910 - 26 May 2000 ) was a Japanese actor and film director . He appeared in more than 110 films between 1947 and 1991 , and directed four films . He was also known by the name Satoshi Yamamura , while his actual birth name is Koga Hirosada . In the US , he is well known for his portrayals of Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto of the Combined Fleet , in Tora ! Tora ! Tora ! , and of Mr. Sakamoto , the CEO of Assan Motors in Gung Ho .'}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kiku to Isamu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kiku_to_Isamu', 'summary': 'Kiku to Isamu ( キクとイサム To Insist ) is a 1959 Japanese film directed by Tadashi Imai . It is notable for being the first film in Japan to show Blasians , as well as the concept of interracial relationships .'}]}, {'value': 'Tadashi Imai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tadashi_Imai', 'summary': 'Tadashi Imai ( 今井正 , Imai Tadashi , January 8 , 1912 - November 22 , 1991 ) was a Japanese film director known for social realist filmmaking informed by a left-wing perspective .'}]}, {'value': 'Tanie Kitabayashi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tanie_Kitabayashi', 'summary': 'Tanie Kitabayashi ( 北林谷栄 , Kitabayashi Tanie , May 21 , 1911 - April 27 , 2010 ) was a Japanese actress and voice actress . Born Reiko Ando in Tokyo , she began as a stage actress . Early in her career , she became well known for portraying older women . Kitabayashi was a founding member of the famed Mingei Theatre , founded in 1950 . In 1960 , she won best actress awards at the 10th Blue Ribbon Awards and at the Mainichi Film Awards for Kiku to Isamu . She also won the Japan Academy Prize for best actress in Rainbow Kids ( 1991 ) , a film that also earned her honors from the Mainichi Film Awards and from Kinema Junpo . She died on April 27 , 2010 , of pneumonia at a Tokyo hospital . She was 98 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Magic Boy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic_Boy_(film)', 'summary': "Magic Boy , known in Japan as Shōnen Sarutobi Sasuke ( 少年猿飛佐助 , The Boy Sarutobi Sasuke ) , is a 1959 Japanese animated feature film released on December 25 , 1959 . Released as Toei Animation 's second theatrical anime , the film was released in theaters in United States by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on June 22 , 1961 , making it the first anime film to be released in the country , followed by The Tale of the White Serpent on July 8 , 1961 ."}]}, {'value': 'Akira Daikubara , Taiji Yabushita', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fantasy adventure', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monkey Sun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kajiro Yamamoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kajiro_Yamamoto', 'summary': 'Kajirō Yamamoto ( 山本嘉次郎 , Yamamoto Kajirō , 15 March 1902 - 21 September 1974 ) was a Japanese film director , screenwriter , and actor who was known for his war films and comedies and as the mentor of Akira Kurosawa . The combined list of his efforts as a director for documentaries , silent , and sound films includes over 90 film titles during his lifetime .'}]}, {'value': 'Norihei Miki , Fukutaro Ichikawa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fantasy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'My Second Brother', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/My_Second_Brother', 'summary': 'My Second Brother ( にあんちゃん , Nianchan ) is a 1959 Japanese film by director Shohei Imamura .'}]}, {'value': 'Shohei Imamura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shohei_Imamura', 'summary': "Shohei Imamura ( 今村昌平 , Imamura Shōhei , 15 September 1926 - 30 May 2006 ) was a Japanese film director . A key figure in the Japanese New Wave , who continued working into the 21st century , Imamura is the only director from Japan to win two Palme d'Or awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Hiroyuki Nagato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hiroyuki_Nagato', 'summary': 'Hiroyuki Nagato ( 長門裕之 , Nagato Hiroyuki , January 10 , 1934 - May 21 , 2011 ) was the stage name of the Japanese actor Akio Kato ( 加藤晃夫 ) . He starred in Season of the Sun , Endless Desire , My Second Brother , Stolen Desire , and Sukeban Deka , and Yo-Yo Girl Cop . He died in Tokyo on May 21 2011 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Odd Obsession', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Odd_Obsession', 'summary': 'Odd Obsession ( 鍵 , Kagi , lit . The Key ) is a 1959 Japanese drama film directed by Kon Ichikawa . It was entered into the 1960 Cannes Film Festival , where it won the Jury Prize . It was based on the novel The Key , by Japanese novelist Junichirō Tanizaki .'}]}, {'value': 'Kon Ichikawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kon_Ichikawa', 'summary': 'Kon Ichikawa ( 市川崑 , Ichikawa Kon , 20 November 1915 - 13 February 2008 ) was a Japanese film director .'}]}, {'value': 'Machiko Kyō , Ganjirō Nakamura , Junko Kano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Machiko_Kyō', 'summary': 'Machiko Kyō ( Japanese : 京マチ子 , Hepburn : Kyō Machiko , March 25 , 1924 - May 12 , 2019 ) was a Japanese actress who was active primarily in the 1950s .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ganjirō_Nakamura', 'summary': 'Ganjirō Nakamura ( 中村鴈治郎 , Nakamura Ganjirō , 17 February 1902 - 13 April 1983 ) was a Japanese film actor . He appeared in 48 films between 1957 and 1982 . He starred in the film The End of Summer , which was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samurai Vendetta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samurai_Vendetta', 'summary': 'Samurai Vendetta ( 薄桜記 , Hakuōki ) is a 1959 Japanese chambara film directed by Kazuo Mori starring Raizo Ichikawa and Shintaro Katsu that was originally released by Daiei Film . It is a depiction of the early years of the samurai Horibe Yasubei , who was one of the Forty-seven Ronin . The film is also known as Chronicle of Pale Cherry Blossoms , a poetic reference to the Forty-Seven Ronin .'}]}, {'value': 'Kazuo Mori', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kazuo_Mori', 'summary': 'Kazuo Mori ( 森一生 , Mori Kazuo , January 15 , 1911 , Matsuyama - June 29 , 1989 ) was a Japanese film director who primarily worked in popular genres like the jidaigeki .'}]}, {'value': 'Raizo Ichikawa , Shintaro Katsu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raizo_Ichikawa', 'summary': 'Ichikawa Raizō VIII ( 八代目市川雷蔵 , Hachidaime Ichikawa Raizō , August 29 , 1931 - July 17 , 1969 ) was a Japanese film and kabuki actor . His birth name was Akio Kamezaki ( 亀崎章雄 , Kamezaki Akio ) , and his name was legally changed several times , first to Yoshio Takeuchi ( 武内嘉男 , Takeuchi Yoshio ) , and later to Yoshiya Ōta ( 太田吉哉 , Ōta Yoshiya ) , separate from his performing name . Six months after his birth in Kyoto he became the adopted son of Ichikawa Kudanji III ( 三代目市川九團次 , Sandaime Ichikawa Kudanji ) . He made his kabuki acting debut at the age of 15 under the name Ichikawa Enzō ( 市川延蔵 , Ichikawa Enzō ) . In 1951 he was adopted by Ichikawa Jūkai III ( 三代目市川壽海 , Sandaime Ichikawa Jūkai ) and was renamed as Ichikawa Raizō VIII . In 1954 he began a career as a film actor . He received breakout acclaim for his performance in Enjō and received several awards for the performance including the Blue Ribbon Award and the Kinema Junpo Award , both for the category of Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role . Among his fans he was referred to lovingly as Rai-sama . In June 1968 he was diagnosed with and underwent surgery for rectal cancer , but it metastasized to his liver and he died the following year . Ichikawa Raizō appeared mostly in period dramas ( jidaigeki ) . He is best known for the Sleepy Eyes of Death ( Nemuri Kyoshirō ) series , Ninja ( Shinobi no Mono ) series and Nakano Spy School ( Rikugun Nakano Gakkō ) series ( based on the Nakano School ) . Raizō worked many times with director Kenji Misumi .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Shintaro_Katsu', 'summary': 'Shintaro Katsu ( Japanese : 勝新太郎 , Hepburn : Katsu Shintarō , 29 November 1931 - 21 June 1997 ) was a Japanese actor , singer , producer , and director .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seki no yatappe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Satoshi Kado', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kazuo Hasegawa , Shintaro Katsu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kazuo_Hasegawa', 'summary': 'Kazuo Hasegawa ( 長谷川一夫 , Hasegawa Kazuo , 27 February 1908 - 6 April 1984 ) was a Japanese film and stage actor . He appeared in over 300 films between 1927 and 1963 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Shintaro_Katsu', 'summary': 'Shintaro Katsu ( Japanese : 勝新太郎 , Hepburn : Katsu Shintarō , 29 November 1931 - 21 June 1997 ) was a Japanese actor , singer , producer , and director .'}]}, {'value': 'Chambara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chambara', 'summary': 'Chanbara ( チャンバラ ) , also commonly spelled chambara , meaning sword fighting movies , denotes the Japanese film genre called samurai cinema in English and is roughly equivalent to western cowboy and swashbuckler films . Chanbara is a sub-category of jidaigeki , which equates to period drama . Jidaigeki may refer to a story set in a historical period , though not necessarily dealing with a samurai character or depicting swordplay . While earlier samurai period pieces were more dramatic rather than action-based , samurai movies produced post World War II have become more action-based , with darker and more violent characters . Post war samurai epics tended to portray psychologically or physically scarred warriors . Akira Kurosawa stylized and exaggerated death and violence in samurai epics . His samurai , and many others portrayed in film , were solitary figures , more often concerned with concealing their martial abilities , rather than showing them off . Historically , the genre is usually set during the Tokugawa era ( 1600-1868 ) . The samurai film hence often focuses on the end of an entire way of life for the samurai : many of the films deal with masterless rōnin , or samurai dealing with changes to their status resulting from a changing society . Samurai films were constantly made into the early 1970s , but by then , overexposure on television , the aging of the big stars of the genre , and the continued decline of the mainstream Japanese film industry put a halt to most of the production of this genre .'}]}, {'value': 'Unforgettable Trail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Unforgettable_Trail', 'summary': 'Unforgettable Trail ( いつか来た道 , Itsuka kita michi ) is a 1959 Japanese drama film directed by Koji Shima . It was entered into the 1st Moscow International Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Koji Shima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Koji_Shima', 'summary': 'Koji Shima ( 島耕二 , Shima Kōji , 16 February 1901 - 10 September 1986 ) was a Japanese film director , actor , and screenwriter .'}]}, {'value': 'Fujiko Yamamoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fujiko_Yamamoto', 'summary': 'Fujiko Yamamoto ( 山本富士子 , Yamamoto Fujiko ) ( born 11 December 1931 ) is a Japanese film and stage actress . She appeared in over 100 films between 1953 and 1963 . She won the first Grand Prix of Miss Nippon in 1950 .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Cinema ofJapan List of Japanese films pre-1910 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1950 1951 1952 1953 19541955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960s 1960 1961 1962 1963 19641965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 19741975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1983 19841985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 19941995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000s 2000 2001 2002 2003 20042005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010s 2010 2011 2012 2013 20142015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020s 2020 vte A list of films released in Japan in 1959 ( see 1959 in film ) .', 'uid': 'List_of_Japanese_films_of_1959_0', 'intro': 'A list of films released in Japan in 1959 (see 1959 in film).'}	null	null	When was the original version of the comedy flick released ?	1934
0a18296b27b02017	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Gran_Show_(season_1_of_2011)', 'title': 'El Gran Show (season 1 of 2011)', 'header': ['Celebrity', 'Notability ( known for )', 'Dreamer', 'Status'], 'data': [{'value': 'Carlos Kukín Flores', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Flores_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Carlos Kukín Flores Murillo ( August 4 , 1974 - February 17 , 2019 ) was a Peruvian Footballer who played for several Clubs .'}]}, {'value': 'Former football player', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Association_football', 'summary': "Association football , more commonly known as football or soccer , [ a ] is a team sport played with a spherical ball between two teams of 11 players . It is played by approximately 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies , making it the world 's most popular sport . The game is played on a rectangular field called a pitch with a goal at each end . The object of the game is to score by moving the ball beyond the goal line into the opposing goal . Football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game . The ball is 68-70 cm ( 27-28 in ) in circumference and known as the football . The two teams each compete to get the ball into the other team 's goal ( between the posts and under the bar ) , thereby scoring a goal . The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner ; if both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is a draw . Each team is led by a captain who has only one official responsibility as mandated by the Laws of the Game : to represent their team in the coin toss prior to kick-off or penalty kicks . Players are not allowed to touch the ball with hands or arms while it is in play , except for the goalkeepers within the penalty area . Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball , but may also use any other part of their body except the hands and the arms . The team that scores most goals by the end of the match wins ."}]}, {'value': 'Victoria Cordero', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eliminated 1st on June 11 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leysi Suárez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leysi_Suárez', 'summary': 'Leysi Suárez Zamudio ( born September 22 , 1980 ) is a Peruvian dancer , actress and vedette .'}]}, {'value': 'Actress & vedette', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vedette_(cabaret)', 'summary': 'A vedette is the main female artist of a show derived from cabaret and its genres ( revue , vaudeville , music hall or burlesque ) . The purpose of the vedette in a cabaret or nightclub show is to entertain the public . The vedette has to know how to sing , dance and act on stage . Depending on the quality of its show , career or mastery of one or more stage talents , can be considered a super vedette or first vedette . Generally a vedette is a woman with physical presence , personality and charisma that captivates the public . In addition to singing , dancing and acting , vedettes often included groups of dancers , flashy and revealing costumes , magicians , comedians , jugglers , and even performing animals . Vedettes specializing in burlesque generally do striptease and may also perform nude on stage . In the 20th century , vedette shows were successful in the cabarets , theaters and nightclubs of countries such as Spain , France , Argentina and Mexico . Paris and Las Vegas were considered the main cradle of the vedettes .'}]}, {'value': 'Eder Bocanegra', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eliminated 2nd on June 18 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mónica Hoyos', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Actress & TV Host', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Edson del Carpio', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eliminated 3rd on July 9 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mario Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mario_Hart', 'summary': "Season one of the 2011 edition of El Gran Show premiered on April 14 , 2011 . This season , the public 's favorite couple was not realized more in the program . In addition , the lifeguard was added , a special wildcard that the judges could use to save one of the eliminated couples . On July 23 , 2011 , Raúl Zuazo and Dayana Calla were crowned champions , Leslie Shaw and Kevin Ubillus finished second , while Vanessa Terkes and Andy Sandoval finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Race car driver', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Race_car_driver', 'summary': 'Auto racing ( also known as car racing , motor racing , or automobile racing ) is a motorsport involving the racing of automobiles for competition . Auto racing has existed since the invention of the automobile . Races of various sorts were organised , with the first recorded as early as 1867 . Many of the earliest events were effectively reliability trials , aimed at proving these new machines were a practical mode of transport , but soon became an important way for competing makers to demonstrate their machines . By the 1930s , specialist racing cars had developed . There are now numerous different categories , each with different rules and regulations .'}]}, {'value': 'Diana Burga', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eliminated 4th on July 23 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aldo Miyashiro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aldo_Miyashiro', 'summary': 'Aldo Miyashiro Ribeiro ( born 1976 ) is a Japanese Peruvian playwright , screenwriter and actor . His play Misterio was adapted into a TV miniseries .'}]}, {'value': 'Actor , TV Host & screenwriter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Isabel Acevedo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eliminated 5th on July 23 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vanessa Terkes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vanessa_Terkes', 'summary': 'Vanessa Cvujetka Terkes Rachitoff , ( born March 3 , 1978 ) is a Peruvian film , television and stage actress . She is best known for her role in the Mexican television series El Pantera , as Lola . Terkes became popular in Peru for her roles in soap operas Torbellino and Boulevard Torbellino . Terkes is of Croatian descent .'}]}, {'value': 'Actress', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andy Sandoval', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Third place on July 23 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leslie Shaw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leslie_Shaw', 'summary': 'Leslie Ann Shaw Thays ( b. Lima , 27 February 1989 ) formerly musically known as Shaw is a Peruvian model , singer , dancer and actress . She is best known for representing Peru in the Viña del Mar International Song Festival and being the Runner-up on the first season of El Gran Show 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Singer , model & actress', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kevin Ubillus', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up on July 23 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raúl Zuazo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raúl_Zuazo', 'summary': "Season one of the 2011 edition of El Gran Show premiered on April 14 , 2011 . This season , the public 's favorite couple was not realized more in the program . In addition , the lifeguard was added , a special wildcard that the judges could use to save one of the eliminated couples . On July 23 , 2011 , Raúl Zuazo and Dayana Calla were crowned champions , Leslie Shaw and Kevin Ubillus finished second , while Vanessa Terkes and Andy Sandoval finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Actor & film director', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dayana Calla', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winners on July 23 , 2011', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Cast -- Couples', 'section_text': 'The celebrities appeared at a press conference on May 2 , 2011 , this season featured only eight celebrities unlike past seasons . [ 1 ] [ 4 ] In the first three weeks , the competition was between teams formed by two heroes and four dreamers with a respective choreographer , representing different regions of Peru . [ 5 ] In each week , the team with the lowest score was sentenced and one of their dreamers was eliminated , determined by the individual vote of each of the team members . [ 6 ] [ 7 ] From the fourth week , each hero danced with only one dreamer of his team forming eight couples . [ 8 ] Due to the drastic change , since of the remaining 14 dreamers six of them were eliminated , the production decided to call them for the next season . [ 9 ]', 'uid': 'El_Gran_Show_2011_(season_1)_0', 'intro': "Season one of the 2011 edition of El Gran Show premiered on April 14, 2011. This season, the public's favorite couple was not realized more in the program. In addition, the lifeguard was added, a special wildcard that the judges could use to save one of the eliminated couples. On July 23, 2011, Raúl Zuazo and Dayana Calla were crowned champions, Leslie Shaw and Kevin Ubillus finished second, while Vanessa Terkes and Andy Sandoval finished third."}	null	null	Who was the dreamer of the celebrity whose notability came from the the world 's most popular sport ?	Victoria Cordero
0a183f7fd585e06e	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_living_Medal_of_Honor_recipients', 'title': 'List of living Medal of Honor recipients', 'header': ['Name', 'Branch', 'Birth date and age'], 'data': [{'value': 'Edward Byers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edward_Byers', 'summary': 'Edward C. Byers Jr. ( born 4 August 1979 ) is a retired United States Navy SEAL who received the Medal of Honor on 29 February 2016 for the rescue of a civilian in Afghanistan in 2012 . Byers retired after 21 years of active duty service on September 19 , 2019 at the Washington Navy Yard .'}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': '( 1979-08-04 ) August 4 , 1979 ( age 40 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyle Carpenter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kyle_Carpenter', 'summary': "William Kyle Carpenter ( born 17 October 1989 ) is a medically retired United States Marine who received the United States ' highest military honor , the Medal of Honor , for his actions in Marjah , Helmand Province , Afghanistan in 2010 . Carpenter is the youngest living Medal of Honor recipient ."}]}, {'value': 'Marine Corps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps', 'summary': "The United States Marine Corps ( USMC ) , also referred to as the United States Marines , is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations with the United States Navy as well as the Army and Air Force . The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . The Marine Corps has been a component of the U.S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834 , working closely with naval forces . The USMC operates installations on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world . Additionally , several of the Marines ' tactical aviation squadrons , primarily Marine Fighter Attack squadrons , are also embedded in Navy carrier air wings and operate from the aircraft carriers . The history of the Marine Corps began when two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting both at sea and on shore . In the Pacific theater of World War II the Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare , advancing from island to island . As of 2017 , the USMC has around 186,000 active duty members and some 38,500 personnel in reserve ."}]}, {'value': '( 1989-10-17 ) October 17 , 1989 ( age 30 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ty Carter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ty_Carter', 'summary': "Ty Michael Carter ( born January 25 , 1980 ) is a United States Army soldier and Medal of Honor recipient . He was awarded the United States of America 's highest military honor for his actions at the 2009 Battle of Kamdesh in Afghanistan . Carter left active duty in September 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': '( 1980-01-25 ) January 25 , 1980 ( age 40 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salvatore Giunta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salvatore_Giunta', 'summary': "Salvatore Augustine Giunta ( /ˌsælvəˈtɔːreɪ ˈdʒʊntə/ ; born 21 January 1985 ) is a former United States Army soldier and the first living person since the Vietnam War to receive the U.S. military 's highest decoration for valor , the Medal of Honor . Giunta was cited for saving the lives of members of his squad on 25 October 2007 during the War in Afghanistan . He left the U.S. Army in June 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': '( 1985-01-21 ) January 21 , 1985 ( age 35 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florent Groberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florent_Groberg', 'summary': 'Florent Groberg ( born 8 May 1983 ) is a medically retired French American military officer and civilian employee of the U.S. Department of Defense . Born in France to an American father and Algerian mother , he became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 2001 . He renounced his French citizenship prior to joining the U.S Army in 2008 . He served in the U.S. Army during the War in Afghanistan , where in August 2012 , he was severely injured attempting to thwart a suicide bomber . On 12 November 2015 , Groberg received the Medal of Honor for his action in Afghanistan .'}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': '( 1983-05-08 ) May 8 , 1983 ( age 36 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dakota Meyer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dakota_Meyer', 'summary': 'Dakota Louis Meyer ( born June 26 , 1988 ) is a United States Marine . A veteran of the War in Afghanistan , he was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Ganjgal on 8 September 2009 , in Kunar Province , Afghanistan . Meyer is the second-youngest living Medal of Honor recipient , the third living recipient for either the Iraq War or the War in Afghanistan and the first living U.S. Marine in 38 years to be so honored .'}]}, {'value': 'Marine Corps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps', 'summary': "The United States Marine Corps ( USMC ) , also referred to as the United States Marines , is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations with the United States Navy as well as the Army and Air Force . The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . The Marine Corps has been a component of the U.S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834 , working closely with naval forces . The USMC operates installations on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world . Additionally , several of the Marines ' tactical aviation squadrons , primarily Marine Fighter Attack squadrons , are also embedded in Navy carrier air wings and operate from the aircraft carriers . The history of the Marine Corps began when two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting both at sea and on shore . In the Pacific theater of World War II the Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare , advancing from island to island . As of 2017 , the USMC has around 186,000 active duty members and some 38,500 personnel in reserve ."}]}, {'value': '( 1988-06-26 ) June 26 , 1988 ( age 31 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leroy Petry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leroy_Petry', 'summary': "Leroy Arthur Petry ( born 29 July 1979 ) is a career United States Army soldier , now retired . He received the U.S. military 's highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions in Afghanistan in 2008 during Operation Enduring Freedom . Born in Santa Fe , New Mexico , Petry had an active youth , and joined the Army after high school . Completing the Ranger Indoctrination Program , he was deployed several times to both Iraq and Afghanistan as a member of the 2nd Battalion , 75th Ranger Regiment . On 26 May 2008 , during his seventh deployment , Petry was a member of a team on a mission to capture a Taliban target in Paktia Province . Despite being wounded in both legs by gunfire , Petry continued to fight and give orders . When a grenade landed between him and two other soldiers , Petry grabbed it and attempted to throw it away from them . He saved the soldiers ' lives but the grenade exploded , severing his right hand . Petry became the second recent living recipient of the medal for the war in Afghanistan in 2011 when he received the award from U.S. President Barack Obama . Opting to reenlist in spite of his injury , Petry remained on active duty in the U.S. Army until his retirement on 29 July 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': '( 1979-07-29 ) July 29 , 1979 ( age 40 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryan M. Pitts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_M._Pitts', 'summary': 'Ryan Pitts ( born October 1 , 1985 ) is a former United States Army soldier , and is the ninth living recipient of the Medal of Honor from the War in Afghanistan .'}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': '( 1985-10-01 ) October 1 , 1985 ( age 34 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clinton Romesha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clinton_Romesha', 'summary': "Clinton LaVor Clint Romesha ( /'rɔʋməʃeɪ/ ; born 17 August 1981 ) is a former United States Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Battle of Kamdesh in 2009 during the war in Afghanistan . Born into a family with a strong military background , Romesha joined the U.S. Army in 1999 , and was posted at various times in Germany , South Korea and Colorado . Trained as an M1 Abrams tank crewman , Romesha had seen four deployments , including to Kosovo , Iraq twice , and Afghanistan . On 3 October 2009 , he was assigned to the 3rd Squadron , 61st Cavalry Regiment , 4th Brigade Combat Team , 4th Infantry Division , deployed to Combat Outpost Keating in eastern Afghanistan . When a force of 300 Taliban insurgents attacked the base , Romesha was credited with rallying his comrades and leading the counterattack , directing close air support and providing suppressive fire to help the wounded to an aid station . Despite being wounded , Romesha continued to fight through the 12-hour battle . Romesha left the Army in 2011 to spend more time with his family . He later took a job in the oil industry in North Dakota . On 11 February 2013 , he received the Medal of Honor from President Barack Obama ."}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': '( 1981-08-17 ) August 17 , 1981 ( age 38 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ronald J. Shurer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ronald_J._Shurer', 'summary': 'Ronald J. Shurer II ( born December 7 , 1978 ) is a former United States Army Special Forces staff sergeant and medic . As a senior medical sergeant during the Battle of Shok Valley in April 2008 , he and his team were attacked by an enemy force of more than 200 fighters . Shurer fought for more than an hour to reach part of his unit , killing several insurgents along the way . He was initially awarded a Silver Star for this action , but in 2016 The Pentagon upgraded this recognition to a Medal of Honor . He received the latter honor in a White House ceremony on October 1 , 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': '( 1978-12-07 ) December 7 , 1978 ( age 41 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Britt K. Slabinski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Britt_K._Slabinski', 'summary': 'Britt Kelly Slabinski ( born December 1 , 1969 ) is a retired United States Navy SEAL who was awarded the Medal of Honor on May 24 , 2018 for his actions during the Battle of Takur Ghar .'}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': '( 1969-12-01 ) December 1 , 1969 ( age 50 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William D. Swenson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_D._Swenson', 'summary': 'William D. Swenson ( born 2 November 1978 ) is a major in the United States Army who was awarded the Medal of Honor in a ceremony on 15 October 2013 . He was the sixth living recipient in the War on Terror . Swenson and Matthew O. Williams are the only Medal of Honor recipients still on active duty .'}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': '( 1978-11-02 ) November 2 , 1978 ( age 41 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyle J . White', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kyle_J._White', 'summary': 'Kyle Jerome White ( born 1987 ) is an American financial analyst and former U.S. Army soldier . He is the seventh living recipient of the Medal of Honor from the War in Afghanistan .'}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': '( 1987-03-27 ) March 27 , 1987 ( age 32 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matthew O. Williams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matthew_O._Williams', 'summary': 'Matthew O. Williams ( born October 3 , 1981 ) is a master sergeant in the United States Army . He received the Medal of Honor from President Donald Trump on October 30 , 2019 for his actions on April 6 , 2008 as a member of Operational Detachment Alpha 3336 , Special Operations Task Force 11 , Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force-Afghanistan in the Battle of Shok Valley .'}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': '( 1981-10-03 ) October 3 , 1981 ( age 38 )', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'War in Afghanistan', 'section_text': 'Main article : List of post-Vietnam War Medal of Honor recipients The War in Afghanistan began on October 7 , 2001 and was the beginning of the Global War on Terrorism . The war was launched by the United States , the United Kingdom , and NATO allies in response to the September 11 , 2001 attacks . The stated purpose of the invasion was to capture Osama bin Laden , destroy al-Qaeda , and remove the Taliban regime which had provided support and safe harbor to al-Qaeda . [ 45 ] Since 2001 , 18 U.S. servicemen have received the Medal of Honor for actions in Afghanistan , four of them posthumously .', 'uid': 'List_of_living_Medal_of_Honor_recipients_3', 'intro': "There are currently 71 living recipients of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. The Medal of Honor is bestowed upon any member of the United States armed forces who distinguishes himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States. Of the 71 living recipients, two earned their Medals of Honor in World War II, five in the Korean War, 49 in the Vietnam War, 14 in the War in Afghanistan and one in the War in Iraq. One earned his medal while serving in the U.S. Air Force, 50 in the U.S. Army, 12 in the U.S. Marine Corps, and eight in the U.S. Navy. The oldest recipient is Charles H. Coolidge, aged 98, whereas the youngest is Kyle Carpenter, aged 30. Two medal holders are still on active duty in the U.S. military, War in Afghanistan soldiers William D. Swenson and Matthew O. Williams of the U.S. Army. Among the recipients are former U.S. Senator Bob Kerrey and three retired generals: Patrick Henry Brady and Robert F. Foley of the Army and James E. Livingston of the Marine Corps."}	null	null	On what date was the second oldest recipient awarded the Medal of Honor ?	15 October 2013
0a1cb0d5e0a604aa	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MLS_club_post-season_droughts', 'title': 'List of MLS club post-season droughts', 'header': ['Club', 'Last Leagues Cup qualification', 'Length of drought'], 'data': [{'value': 'Atlanta United FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_United_FC', 'summary': "Atlanta United FC , commonly known as Atlanta United , is an American professional soccer club based in Atlanta , Georgia that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference . It is the most recent winner of the U.S. Open Cup and Campeones Cup . Founded in 2014 , Atlanta United began play as an MLS expansion team in 2017 , as the twenty-second team in the league . It is the first MLS franchise to be based in Atlanta , and the club plays home games at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium , which they share with the city 's National Football League ( NFL ) franchise , the Atlanta Falcons . Both are owned by Arthur Blank , co-founder of The Home Depot . The club also owns Atlanta United 2 , a reserve team that competes in the USL Championship ( USLC ) . Gerardo Tata Martino was appointed as the club 's first head coach and guided Atlanta to their first playoff appearance in the team 's debut season , before securing the team 's first trophy in just their second season by winning MLS Cup 2018 . Based on 2018 regular season attendance , Atlanta has one of the largest fanbases in MLS , and they have set several league records for highest single-match and average attendance . In 2019 , Forbes estimated the club was the most valuable in the league , worth approximately $ 500 million ."}]}, {'value': 'never ( Leagues Cup began in 2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colorado Rapids', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Rapids', 'summary': "The Colorado Rapids are an American professional soccer club based in the Denver suburb of Commerce City , Colorado . The Rapids compete in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the Western Conference . The franchise began play in 1996 as one of the charter clubs in MLS . Colorado won the MLS Cup in 2010 , their second MLS Cup appearance . The first appearance was in 1997 , losing to D.C. United . They were also runners up of the U.S. Open Cup in the 1999 tournament , where they lost to the Rochester Raging Rhinos , the last time a non-MLS team has won the Cup . The Rapids play their home games at Dick 's Sporting Goods Park in Commerce City , moving to the stadium after it opened during the 2007 season ."}]}, {'value': 'never ( Leagues Cup began in 2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Columbus Crew SC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbus_Crew_SC', 'summary': "Columbus Crew Soccer Club is an American professional soccer club based in Columbus , Ohio . The Crew competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference and began play in 1996 as one of the ten charter clubs of the league . The team is currently being operated by an ownership group led by the Haslam family and former team doctor Pete Edwards . The Haslam/Edwards group is the third owner in club history . The franchise was founded in 1994 as simply the Columbus Crew . Since 1999 , the Crew has played home games at Mapfre Stadium , the first soccer-specific stadium ever built for an MLS team , with a seating capacity of 19,968 as of the 2015 season . From 1996 to 1998 , the Crew played its home games at Ohio Stadium on the campus of the Ohio State University . In 2014 , the team set club attendance records for both most cumulative attendance and most sellouts . Crew SC has won five major trophies : MLS Cup 2008 , the Supporters ' Shield in 2004 , 2008 , and 2009 , and the 2002 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup . The Crew have qualified for the CONCACAF Champions League ( or its predecessor , the CONCACAF Champions ' Cup ) three times , reaching the quarterfinals each time ."}]}, {'value': 'never ( Leagues Cup began in 2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FC Cincinnati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Cincinnati', 'summary': "FC Cincinnati is an American professional soccer club based in Cincinnati , Ohio . The club plays in the Eastern Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The team succeeded the lower-division team of the same name and was announced on May 29 , 2018 , when MLS awarded an expansion franchise to Cincinnati . The team began MLS play on March 2 , 2019 with its first match against Seattle Sounders FC . The club 's ownership group is led by Carl H. Lindner III with Jeff Berding serving as president and Gerard Nijkamp as general manager ."}]}, {'value': 'never ( Leagues Cup began in 2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FC Dallas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Dallas', 'summary': "FC Dallas is an American professional soccer club based in the Dallas suburb of Frisco , Texas . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 as a charter club of the league . The club was founded in 1995 as the Dallas Burn before adopting its current name in 2004 . Dallas plays its home games at their 20,500-capacity soccer-specific Toyota Stadium , where they have played since 2005 . In the club 's early years , Dallas played their home games in the Cotton Bowl . The team is owned by the Hunt Sports Group led by brothers Clark Hunt and Dan Hunt , who is the team 's president . The Hunt family also owns the NFL 's Kansas City Chiefs and part of the Chicago Bulls . FC Dallas in 2016 won their first Supporters ' Shield . In 2010 they were runners-up in the MLS Cup , losing to the Colorado Rapids in extra time . The team has won the U.S. Open Cup on two occasions ( in 1997 and again in 2016 ) . Their fully owned USL affiliate , North Texas SC , won the 2019 USL League One regular season and overall championship titles , the third division title in American soccer ."}]}, {'value': 'never ( Leagues Cup began in 2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_FC', 'summary': 'Los Angeles Football Club , commonly referred to as LAFC , is an American professional soccer franchise based in Los Angeles , California , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the Western Conference . The team plays their home games at the Banc of California Stadium in Exposition Park . The team shares the Los Angeles area market with the LA Galaxy , and the two clubs compete in a rivalry dubbed El Tráfico .'}]}, {'value': 'never ( Leagues Cup began in 2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montreal Impact', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal_Impact', 'summary': "The Montreal Impact ( French : Impact de Montréal ) is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Montreal , Quebec . The Impact competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The team began play in 2012 as an expansion team of the league , being the league 's third Canadian club , and replaced the North American Soccer League team of the same name . In 2015 , the Impact became the second MLS club , and first Canadian club , to advance to the final of the CONCACAF Champions League , in its current name since 2008 , where they had finished runners up in the two game aggregate goal series against Club América . The Impact had won the Canadian Championship in 2013 , 2014 and 2019 . The club plays its home games at Saputo Stadium and is coached by Thierry Henry ."}]}, {'value': 'never ( Leagues Cup began in 2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New England Revolution', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_England_Revolution', 'summary': "The New England Revolution is an American professional soccer club based in the Greater Boston area that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , in the Eastern Conference of the league . It is one of the ten charter clubs of MLS , having competed in the league since its inaugural season . The club is owned by Robert Kraft , who also owns the New England Patriots along with his son , Jonathan Kraft . The name Revolution refers to the New England region 's significant involvement in the American Revolution that took place from 1775-1783 . New England plays their home matches at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough , Massachusetts , located 21 miles ( 34 km ) southwest of downtown Boston , Massachusetts . The club played their home games at the adjacent and now-demolished Foxboro Stadium , from 1996 until 2001 . The Revs are the only original MLS team to have every league game in their history televised . The Revolution won their first major trophy in the 2007 U.S. Open Cup . The following year , they won the 2008 North American SuperLiga . The Revolution have participated in five MLS Cup finals in 2002 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , and 2014 . They also placed second in the 2005 regular season . However , they have never won an MLS Cup or MLS Supporters ' Shield ."}]}, {'value': 'never ( Leagues Cup began in 2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York City FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_City_FC', 'summary': "New York City Football Club is an American professional soccer club based in New York City , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , the highest level of American soccer , as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference . New York City played its first game in 2015 , as the twentieth overall expansion team of the league ; it is the first franchise to be based in the city , and the second in the New York metropolitan area , after the New York Red Bulls , with whom they contest the Hudson River Derby . Since 2015 , the club have played at Yankee Stadium in The Bronx . Jason Kreis was appointed as the club 's first coach , remaining for a single year prior to being replaced by Patrick Vieira . Vieira guided New York City to their first MLS Cup playoff appearance the following season , as well as a runner-up berth in the Supporters ' Shield in 2017 . Vieira 's teams also set Major League Soccer records for the largest improvement in wins for a consecutive season . Based on attendance from the 2019 regular season , New York City 's attendance was ninth-largest in the league . In 2019 , Forbes estimated the franchise was the seventh most valuable in MLS , worth over $ 385 million ."}]}, {'value': 'never ( Leagues Cup began in 2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Orlando City SC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orlando_City_SC', 'summary': 'Orlando City Soccer Club is an American professional soccer club in Orlando , Florida , that competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . Orlando City SC began play in 2015 as the 21st franchise in MLS , succeeding the USL Pro team of the same name . In doing so they became the first MLS team in Florida since Miami Fusion and Tampa Bay Mutiny both folded following the 2001 season . The team plays at Exploria Stadium in Downtown Orlando .'}]}, {'value': 'never ( Leagues Cup began in 2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Jose Earthquakes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Jose_Earthquakes', 'summary': "The San Jose Earthquakes are an American professional soccer team based in San Jose , California , United States , that competes as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 ( originally as the San Jose Clash ) as one of the charter clubs of the league . The Earthquakes took part in the first game in MLS history , defeating D.C. United 1-0 . The Earthquakes have won two MLS Cup titles , in 2001 and 2003 , and two Supporters ' Shields in 2005 and 2012 . In 2002 , the team played in its first CONCACAF Champions Cup ( now called the CONCACAF Champions League ) , making it to the quarterfinals . The team holds a fierce rivalry with the LA Galaxy known as the California Clásico . In 2005 , the then owner of the Earthquakes , Anschutz Entertainment Group , announced plans of the team relocating to Houston due to failing efforts to secure a soccer-specific stadium in San Jose . The organization in Houston would be considered an expansion team by the league , eventually becoming the Houston Dynamo , which began play in 2006 . The Earthquakes returned after a two-year hiatus , resuming play in 2008 . Argentinian Matías Almeyda is the Quakes ' current head coach . Since 2015 the Earthquakes play their home games at Avaya Stadium . The team previously played its home games at Buck Shaw Stadium on the Santa Clara University campus in Santa Clara , California from 2008 to 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'never ( Leagues Cup began in 2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seattle Sounders FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle_Sounders_FC', 'summary': "Seattle Sounders FC is an American professional soccer club based in Seattle , Washington . The Sounders compete as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The club was established on November 13 , 2007 , and began play in 2009 as an MLS expansion team . The Sounders are a phoenix club , carrying the same name as the original franchise that competed in the North American Soccer League from 1974 to 1983 . The club 's majority owner is Adrian Hanauer , and its minority owners are the estate of Paul Allen , Drew Carey , and 11 families from the Seattle area . Former USL Sounders coach and assistant coach Brian Schmetzer took over as head coach in July 2016 after the departure of Sigi Schmid . The Sounders play their home league matches at CenturyLink Field , with a reduced capacity of 37,722 seats for most matches . Along with several organized groups , a 53-member marching band called 'Sound Wave ' supports the club at each home match . Seattle competes with rival MLS clubs Portland and Vancouver for the Cascadia Cup . The Sounders played their inaugural match on March 19 , 2009 , winning 3-0 over the New York Red Bulls . Seattle has been among the league 's most successful teams , winning the U.S. Open Cup four times , the Supporters ' Shield in 2014 , and the MLS Cup in 2016 and 2019 . The team has qualified for the MLS Cup Playoffs in each of its eleven seasons , making the final three times , and competed in the CONCACAF Champions League five times , advancing to the semifinal round once ."}]}, {'value': 'never ( Leagues Cup began in 2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sporting Kansas City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sporting_Kansas_City', 'summary': "Sporting Kansas City , often shortened to Sporting KC , is an American professional soccer club based in Kansas City , Kansas . The administrative offices are located in Downtown Kansas City , Missouri , and the team clubhouse and practice facilities are located in Kansas City , Kansas near Children 's Mercy Park . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , having returned in 2015 after spending ten seasons in the Eastern Conference . Sporting KC began play in 1996 as a charter team in the league , then known as the Kansas City Wiz . The team was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1995 . Since moving across the state line , they have been the only major professional sports league franchise to play their home games in Kansas . For the majority of their existence , the franchise were known as the Kansas City Wizards . The team rebranded in November 2010 , coinciding with its move to their home stadium , now known as Children 's Mercy Park . The franchise has won the MLS Cup twice ( 2000 , 2013 ) , the Supporters ' Shield in 2000 , and the U.S. Open Cup in 2004 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 . The club also has a reserve team , Sporting Kansas City II , that plays in the second-tier USL Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'never ( Leagues Cup began in 2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vancouver Whitecaps FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vancouver_Whitecaps_FC', 'summary': "Vancouver Whitecaps FC is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Vancouver , British Columbia that competes in the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The Whitecaps were the 17th team to enter Major League Soccer and replaced the USSF Division 2 team of the same name in the city . The club has been owned and managed by the same group since their USSF days , having graduated to MLS after the conclusion of the USSF 's 2010 season . The MLS version of the team is a phoenix club , and the third to carry the legacy of the Whitecaps name . In the 2012 season , the team became the first Canadian team to qualify for the MLS Cup Playoffs ."}]}, {'value': 'never ( Leagues Cup began in 2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chicago Fire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_Fire_Soccer_Club', 'summary': "Chicago Fire Football Club is an American professional soccer franchise based in Chicago , Illinois . The team competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference , having moved to the conference in 2002 . The franchise is named after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , and was founded as the Chicago Fire Soccer Club on October 8 , 1997 , the event 's 126th anniversary . The team began play in 1998 as one of the league 's first expansion teams . The Fire won the MLS Cup as well as the U.S. Open Cup ( the double ) in their first season in 1998 . They also won U.S. Open Cups in 2000 , 2003 , and 2006 , in addition to the 2003 MLS Supporters ' Shield . In 2015 , the club won the first ever MLS Wooden Spoon , and repeated the feat in 2016 . The Fire maintains an extensive development system , consisting of the Chicago Fire Development Academy and the Chicago Fire Juniors youth organization . They also operate the Chicago Fire Foundation , the team 's community-based charitable division . The Fire 's home stadium is Soldier Field ."}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '1 season', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Houston Dynamo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houston_Dynamo', 'summary': "Houston Dynamo are an American professional soccer club based in Houston , Texas . The franchise competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , as a member of the Western Conference . The Dynamo had first played their home games at Robertson Stadium on the University of Houston campus until 2011 . Since 2012 , the Dynamo has played home matches at BBVA Stadium , a soccer-specific stadium located in Houston . The Dynamo was established on December 15 , 2005 , when the then owner of the San Jose Earthquakes , Anschutz Entertainment Group , announced that the team was relocating to Houston after failed attempts in securing a soccer-specific stadium in San Jose , California . The club would then be an expansion team of the league , which began play in 2006 . The Dynamo are owned by Gabriel Brener , Jake Silverstein , Ben Guill , NBA star James Harden , and former boxer Oscar De La Hoya . Houston Dynamo 's domestic success consists of winning the 2006 and 2007 MLS Cups in their first two seasons . They also won the U.S. Open Cup in 2018 . In 2008 , Houston became the first American club to secure a point on Mexican soil in the CONCACAF Champions League era during the 2008-2017 format of the tournament ."}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Leagues_Cup', 'summary': 'The 2019 Leagues Cup was the inaugural edition of Leagues Cup , a club competition featuring four clubs from Major League Soccer and Liga MX in an eight-team single-elimination tournament hosted in the United States . It began on July 23 , 2019 , with the first set of quarterfinals , and culminated in a final match played in Las Vegas on September 18 , 2019 . Cruz Azul won the final , defeating UANL 2-1 .'}]}, {'value': '1 season', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'List of active droughts -- Leagues Cup appearance', 'section_text': 'Updated through 2020 Leagues Cup .', 'uid': 'List_of_MLS_club_post-season_droughts_8', 'intro': "These are lists of active and all-time Major League Soccer (MLS) club post-season series win, MLS Cup Playoffs and MLS Cup droughts. Those teams which have never made it in club history are listed by the season that they entered the league. Among the current 24 MLS teams, 11 have never won the MLS Cup and 13 have never won the Supporters' Shield. Among those clubs which have won the MLS Cup, the longest MLS Cup title drought is that of the Chicago Fire, who have not won the post-season honor since winning the 1998 MLS Cup. The longest Supporters' Shield drought is Sporting Kansas City, who last won the title in the 2000. The only teams that have never qualified for the post-season tournament are Orlando City SC, who debuted in 2015 and FC Cincinnati, who debuted in 2019."}	null	null	A team with a 2 season drought lost to what team in their first appearance ?	D.C. United
0a1dff57f49ae567	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_Kiwis_representatives', 'title': 'List of New Zealand Kiwis representatives', 'header': ['Country', 'Sport', 'No', 'Players'], 'data': [{'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/All_Blacks', 'summary': "The New Zealand national rugby union team , commonly known as the All Blacks , represents New Zealand in men 's international rugby union , which is considered to be the country 's national sport . The team won the Rugby World Cup in 2011 and 2015 , as well as the inaugural tournament in 1987 . New Zealand has a 77 per cent winning record in test match rugby , and is the only international men 's side to have secured more wins than losses against every opponent . Since their international debut in 1903 , they have played test matches against 19 nations , of which 12 have never won a game against the All Blacks . The team has also played against three multinational all-star teams , losing only eight of 45 matches . Since the introduction of the World Rugby Rankings in 2003 , New Zealand has held the number one ranking longer than all other teams combined . They jointly hold the record for the most consecutive test match wins for a tier one ranked nation , along with England . The All Blacks compete with Argentina , Australia and South Africa in The Rugby Championship , and have won the trophy sixteen times in the competition 's 23-year history . The team has completed a Grand Slam tour , against the four nations of the United Kingdom , four times ( 1978 , 2005 , 2008 and 2010 ) . New Zealand has been named the World Rugby Team of the Year ten times since the award was created in 2001 , and an All Black has won the World Rugby Player of the Year award ten times over the same period . Fifteen former All Blacks have been inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame . The team 's first match was in 1884 in New South Wales , and their first international test match was in 1903 against Australia in Sydney ."}]}, {'value': 'rugby union', 'urls': []}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Albert Asher , Frano Botica , Alphonsus Carroll , Bert Cooke , Tom Cross , Marc Ellis , Dave Evans , Charles Fitzgerald , Arthur Francis , George A. Gillett , Jimmy Haig , Harold Hayward , John Hogan , Ned Hughes , Karl Ifwersen , William Johnston , Herb Lilburne , Dougie McGregor , Duncan McGregor , Bill Mackrell , Hawea Mataira , Billy Mitchell , George Nepia , Jim O'Brien , Lou Petersen , Matthew Ridge , Kurt Sherlock , George Smith , Dave Solomon , George Spencer , John Spencer , John Timu , Hubert Turtill , Eric Watkins , Sonny Bill Williams , Edgar Wrigley", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert_Asher', 'summary': 'Arapeta Paurini Wharepapa , or Albert Asher as he was more commonly known , ( 3 December 1879 in Tauranga - 8 January 1965 in Auckland ) was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1890s , 1900s , 1910s and 1920s . At representative level Asher played rugby union for New Zealand , North Island and Auckland playing on the Wing and played rugby league at representative level for Australasia , New Zealand , Auckland and the New Zealand Māori rugby league team . One of his brothers , Ernie , was also a rugby league international while another , John , became a Ngati Pukenga and Ngati Pikiao leader . Katherine Te Rongokahira Parata was a sister .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Frano_Botica', 'summary': 'Frano Michael Botica ( born 3 August 1963 ) is a New Zealand rugby union and rugby league coach and former player in both codes , who played in the 1980s and 1990s . He is the head coach of the Philippines sevens team . He represented New Zealand at both codes , and later also played for Croatia in two rugby union World Cup qualifying matches .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alphonsus_Carroll', 'summary': 'Alphonsus Fonse John Carroll ( 20 April 1895 in Tauranga - 1 December 1974 in Palmerston North ) was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby union and rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s , who represented New Zealand in both codes . He played at both Prop and Hooker .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bert_Cooke_(rugby)', 'summary': 'Albert Bert Edward Cooke ( 5 October 1901 - 29 September 1977 ) was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby footballer of the 1920s and 1930s , who represented for New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tom_Cross_(rugby)', 'summary': 'Tom Angry William Cross was a New Zealand rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marc_Ellis_(rugby)', 'summary': "Marc Christopher Gwynne Ellis ( born 8 October 1971 ) is a New Zealand businessman , television presenter , and former rugby union and rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s . A graduate of the University of Otago , his primary business interests are in Charlie 's , a juice company . During the 1995 Rugby World Cup he scored six tries in the game against Japan , which is the record for the most tries by an individual in a Rugby World Cup match ."}, {'url': '/wiki/David_Evans_(rugby)', 'summary': 'David Dave Alexander Evans ( 4 October 1886 - 12 October 1940 ) was a New Zealand dual-code international who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charles_Fitzgerald_(rugby)', 'summary': 'Charles James Fitzgerald ( 6 June 1899 , in Fairhall - 8 May 1961 , in Awatere Valley ) was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in rugby union and rugby league . Fitzgerald was a utility back in both codes .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Francis_(rugby)', 'summary': 'Arthur Reginald Howe Francis ( 8 June 1882 - 15 June 1957 ) , also known by the nickname of Bolla , was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby union and rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s , 1910s and 1920s , and rugby union coach of the 1930s . He played representative level rugby union ( RU ) for New Zealand , Auckland , and at club level for Ponsonby RFC . He also played representative level rugby league ( RL ) for New Zealand and Australasia , as well as at club level for Wigan , as a forward ( prior to the specialist positions of ; prop , hooker , second-row , loose forward ) , during the era of contested scrums , and coached club level rugby union ( RU ) for Grammar RFC .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_A._Gillett', 'summary': 'George Arthur Gillett ( 23 April 1877 - 12 September 1956 ) was a New Zealand multi-code footballer of the early 20th century and a dual-code rugby international . Gillett died in 1956 in Onehunga .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_Haig', 'summary': 'James Scott Jimmy Haig ( 7 December 1924 - 28 October 1996 ) was a New Zealand rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in both rugby league and rugby union .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Harold_Hayward', 'summary': 'Harold Circus Owen Hayward ( 1883-1970 ) was a New Zealand rugby football player who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league . His brother , Morgan , also represented New Zealand in rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Hogan_(rugby)', 'summary': 'John Jack Hogan ( 1 January 1881 - 15 November 1945 ) was a New Zealand rugby football player who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league as well as being a national champion in water polo .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ned_Hughes', 'summary': 'Edward Ned Hughes ( 26 April 1881 - 1 May 1928 ) , was a New Zealand rugby union and rugby league footballer who played 9 times ( 6 of these were test matches ) as an All Black hooker from 1907 until 1921 and twice for the Kiwis in 1910 . His All Black career is unique in that there was a gap of 13 years between test matches , and that he is the oldest player ever to have played for the All Blacks , at age 40 years , 123 days .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Karl_Ifwersen', 'summary': 'Karl Donald Ifwersen ( 1893-1967 ) was a New Zealand rugby football player who represented New Zealand in both rugby league and rugby union .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Massa_Johnston', 'summary': 'William Massa Johnston ( 13 September 1881 - 9 January 1951 ) was a New Zealand rugby union and rugby league international . He was part of the 1905 Original All Blacks tour and the professional 1907-1908 New Zealand rugby tour of Great Britain .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Herb_Lilburne', 'summary': "Herbert Herb/Herbie Theodore Lilburne ( 16 March 1908 - 12 June 1976 ) was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s , and coached in the 1940s . He played representative level rugby union ( RU ) for New Zealand , South Island , North Island , Canterbury and Wellington , and at club level for Marist Albion RFC , as a Fullback , Centre , or Fly-half , i.e . number 15 , or , 13 or 12 , or 10 , and representative level rugby league ( RL ) , for New Zealand and Wellington as a winger , i.e . number 2 or 5 , and having been reinstated from rugby league in the World War II amnesty , coached club level rugby union ( RU ) for Zingari-Richmond Rugby Club . Following the injuries to the New Zealand ( RU ) captain Cliff Porter , and vice-captain Bill Dalley , Herb Lilburne was appointed captain for the first test of New Zealand 's 1929 tour of Australia , at 21-years and 112-days he is the youngest New Zealand test captain to date , he died in Dunedin"}, {'url': '/wiki/Dougie_McGregor', 'summary': 'Alwin John Dougie McGregor ( 1889-1963 ) was a dual-code rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Duncan_McGregor', 'summary': 'Duncan McGregor ( 16 July 1881 - 11 March 1947 ) , was a New Zealand rugby union and rugby league footballer . He was a member of the legendary 1905 Original All Blacks and later converted to rugby league when he went on the 1907 New Zealand league tour of Britain and Australia . He stayed in Britain following the 1907-08 tour , and opened a sport store as well as playing for Merthyr Tydfil RLFC . He returned to New Zealand after five years and continued to be involved in rugby league as an administrator and official .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bill_Mackrell', 'summary': 'William Bill Henry Clifton Mackrell was a New Zealand rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league . He was part of the 1905 The Original All Blacks tour and the professional 1907-1908 New Zealand rugby tour of Great Britain .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hawea_Mataira', 'summary': 'Hawea Karepa Mataira ( 3 December 1910 - 15 November 1979 ) was a dual-code rugby football player who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Billy_Mitchell_(rugby)', 'summary': 'William James Mitchell ( 28 November 1890 - 2 June 1959 ) was a New Zealand rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_Nepia', 'summary': "George Nepia ( 25 April 1905 - 27 August 1986 ) was a New Zealand Māori rugby union and rugby league player . He is remembered as an exceptional full-back and one of the most famous Māori rugby players . He was inducted into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame in 1990 . In 2004 he was selected as number 65 by the panel of the New Zealand 's Top 100 History Makers television show . Nepia was featured in a set of postage stamps from the New Zealand post office in 1990 . Historian Philippa Mein Smith described him as New Zealand rugby 's first superstar ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Andrew_O'Brien_(rugby)", 'summary': "Andrew James Jim O'Brien ( 1897-1969 ) was a New Zealand rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in rugby union and rugby league ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lou_Petersen', 'summary': 'Louis Charles Petersen ( 19 April 1897 - 25 June 1961 ) was a dual-code rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Matthew_Ridge', 'summary': "Matthew John Ridge ( born 27 August 1968 ) is a New Zealand television presenter , and a former rugby union and rugby league footballer . A fullback in both codes , Ridge played rugby union for Auckland and became an All Black , but never won an international cap . He turned professional in 1990 with the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles of the New South Wales Rugby League , and won the 1996 ARL Premiership . He later captained the Auckland Warriors and New Zealand national team ( the Kiwis ) . An accurate goal-kicker , he set several scoring records in rugby league . He is now best known for his work in television alongside his partner Marc Ellis in shows including Game of Two Halves and Marc & Matthew 's Rocky Road to… ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kurt_Sherlock', 'summary': 'Kurt Sherlock is a dual international representing his home country of New Zealand in both rugby codes union and league , though he was never capped for a Test match under the union code . He made his rugby league début for the Kiwis in 1989 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_William_Smith_(sportsman)', 'summary': 'George William Smith ( 20 September 1874 - 7 December 1954 ) was a New Zealand sportsman who excelled at track and field as well as both codes of rugby football .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dave_Solomon_(rugby)', 'summary': 'Dave Solomon ( 31 May 1913 - 15 August 1997 ) was a Fijian-born rugby football player who represented New Zealand in both rugby union ( as a five-eighth and fullback ) and rugby league . His brother Frank Solomon was also an All Black .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_Spencer_(rugby)', 'summary': 'George Spencer ( 1878-1950 ) was a New Zealand rugby football player who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league . His brother , John , also was a dual-international .'}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Spencer_(rugby)', 'summary': 'John Clarence Spencer ( 1880-1936 ) was a New Zealand rugby football player who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league . His brother , George , also was a dual-international .'}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Timu_(rugby)', 'summary': "John Kakuhura Raymond Timu ( born 8 May 1969 ) is a New Zealand former rugby league and rugby union footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s who achieved international selection for New Zealand in both rugby codes , appearing in 26 tests for the All Blacks in union and nine for the Kiwis in league . Timu 's usual position was centre in league and in union he would play at full-back or on the wing ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hubert_Turtill', 'summary': 'Jum Hurbert Sydney Turtill was a New Zealand dual-code footballer , playing rugby union and then rugby league for New Zealand . After emigrating to Britain , he served in the British Army during the First World War , and was killed while serving in 1918 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eric_Watkins', 'summary': 'Eric L. Watkins ( born 18 March 1880 in Akaroa and died 14 August 1949 in Lower Hutt ) was a New Zealand rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sonny_Bill_Williams', 'summary': 'Sonny William Williams ( born 3 August 1985 ) is a New Zealand professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row forward for the Toronto Wolfpack in the Betfred Super League , and New Zealand at international level . He is a former professional rugby union footballer and heavyweight boxer . He is only the second person to represent New Zealand in rugby union after first playing for the country in rugby league , and is one of only 20 players to have won multiple Rugby World Cups . Williams began his career in rugby league , and played as a second-row forward over seven seasons in two spells in the National Rugby League ( NRL ) , with the Canterbury Bulldogs and Sydney Roosters . He has won 12 caps for New Zealand ( the Kiwis ) and won the RLIF Awards for Rookie of the Year in 2004 and International Player of the Year in 2013 . He first moved to rugby union in 2010 and had spells playing for Toulon in France , Canterbury , Counties Manukau , the Crusaders , Chiefs and Blues in New Zealand and Panasonic Wild Knights in Japan . He won 58 caps for New Zealand ( the All Blacks ) , and was part of the teams that won the 2011 and 2015 World Cups . He has also played rugby sevens for New Zealand , competing in the 2015-16 World Rugby Sevens Series and the 2016 Olympics . Williams has boxed professionally seven times , winning all of his heavyweight bouts . He was the New Zealand Professional Boxing Association ( NZPBA ) Heavyweight Champion and World Boxing Association ( WBA ) International Heavyweight Champion , but was stripped of these titles after failing to respond to challenges .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Edgar_Wrigley', 'summary': 'Edgar Wrigley was a New Zealand rugby footballer who represented New Zealand in both rugby union and rugby league .'}]}, {'value': 'Samoa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samoa_national_rugby_league_team', 'summary': 'The Samoa national rugby league team represents Samoa in rugby league football and has been participating in international competition since 1986 . Known as Western Samoa prior to 1997 , the team is administered by Rugby League Samoa and are nicknamed Toa Samoa ( English : Samoan Warriors ) .'}]}, {'value': 'rugby league', 'urls': []}, {'value': '34', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Roy Asotasi , Monty Betham , Mark Elia , Henry Fa'afili , David Fa'alogo , Kalifa Faifai Loa , David Faiumu , Joe Galuvao , Harrison Hansen , Ali Lauitiiti , Jeff Lima , Jamaal Lolesi , Francis Meli , Sam Panapa , Eddy Pettybourne , Robert Piva , Willie Poching , Frank Pritchard , Tony Puletua , Ben Roberts , Tea Ropati , Setaimata Sa , Junior Sa ' u , Jerry Seuseu , David Solomona , Se ' e Solomona , Anthony Swann , Willie Talau , Tony Tatupu , Tony Tuimavave , Matt Utai , Joe Vagana , Nigel Vagana , Antonio Winterstein Francis Leota", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roy_Asotasi', 'summary': 'Roy Asotasi ( born 6 January 1982 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played as a prop in the 2000s and 2010s . A New Zealand international captain , he also played for Samoa . Asotasi played in the NRL for Australian clubs Canterbury-Bankstown ( with whom he won the 2004 NRL Premiership ) and the South Sydney Rabbitohs from 2007 to 2013 . He then played in the Super League for the Warrington Wolves .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Monty_Betham', 'summary': 'Montgomery Junior Monty Betham ( born 12 March 1978 ) is a professional boxer , and former professional rugby league footballer . A New Zealand international representative hooker and lock , he played club football for the New Zealand Warriors in the National Rugby League , and for the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats ( captain ) ( Heritage № 1234 ) in the Super League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mark_Elia', 'summary': 'Mark Wycliffe Elia ( born 25 December 1962 ) is former professional rugby league footballer who represented both New Zealand and Western Samoa .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Henry_Fa'afili", 'summary': "Henry Fa'afili ( born 30 May 1980 ) is a Samoan-born New Zealand former professional rugby league and rugby union footballer who played in the 1990s , 2000s and 2010s . He played representative rugby league ( RL ) for New Zealand Secondary Schools , the New Zealand Junior Kiwis , New Zealand and Samoa , and at club level for Auckland Warriors and the Warrington Wolves ( Heritage No . 1055 ) , as a wing , centre , stand-off , or second-row , he switched codes in 2007 , and played representative rugby union ( RU ) for Samoa , and at club level for Biarritz Olympique , Leeds Carnegie and Connacht Rugby , as a wing , or centre ."}, {'url': "/wiki/David_Fa'alogo", 'summary': "David Fa'alogo ( born 9 September 1980 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer played as a prop , second-row and lock in the 2000s and 2010s . He played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs and Newcastle Knights in the NRL , the Huddersfield Giants in the Super League and the Ipswich Jets in the Queensland Cup . He represented both New Zealand and Samoa at international level ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kalifa_Faifai_Loa', 'summary': 'Kalifa Faifai Loa ( born 29 January 1990 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a winger for the Townsville Blackhawks in the Queensland Cup . A New Zealand and Samoa international representative , he previously played for the North Queensland Cowboys , Gold Coast Titans and the St. George Illawarra Dragons .'}, {'url': '/wiki/David_Faiumu', 'summary': 'David Faiumu ( born 30 April 1983 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who last played for the Huddersfield Giants in the Super League . A Samoa and New Zealand international representative forward , he previously played in the National Rugby League for the North Queensland Cowboys .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Joe_Galuvao', 'summary': 'Joe Galuvao ( born 8 July 1978 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s , 2000s and 2010s in the NRL . A Samoa and New Zealand international second row forward , he played for the Auckland Warriors , Parramatta Eels , South Sydney Rabbitohs , Penrith Panthers ( with whom he won the 2003 NRL Premiership ) and Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles ( with whom he won the 2011 NRL Premiership ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Harrison_Hansen', 'summary': "Harrison Luther Mata'afa Hansen ( born 26 October 1985 ) , also known by the nickname of H , [ citation needed ] is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row and loose forward for Toulouse Olympique in the Betfred Championship . He has played for Samoa and New Zealand at international level . He has also played for the Wigan Warriors , Salford Red Devils , Leigh Centurions and the Widnes Vikings in the Super League . During his time with Wigan , he won two Super League Grand Finals and two Challenge Cups ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ali_Lauitiiti', 'summary': 'Alaimatagi Ali Lauitiiti ( born 13 July 1979 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s , 2000s and 2010s , as a second-row . Both a Samoa and New Zealand international representative forward , Lauitiiti played for the New Zealand Warriors in the National Rugby League competition and for English clubs Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the Leeds Rhinos in the Super League . Whilst at the Leeds Rhinos , he was part of their 2004 , 2007 , 2008 and 2009 championship-winning sides .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Lima', 'summary': "Jeff Lima ( born 4 July 1982 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who last played for the Canberra Raiders in the NRL . A New Zealand international representative prop , he previously played for the Wests Tigers , Melbourne Storm , South Sydney Rabbitohs , Wigan Warriors and the Catalans Dragons in the Super League , as well as France 's Elite One Championship for the Saint-Gaudens Bears ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jamaal_Lolesi', 'summary': 'Jamahl Lolesi ( born 20 March 1981 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s . A New Zealand and Samoa international representative centre or wing , he had previously played for the Wests Tigers , Bulldogs and the Canberra Raiders in the National Rugby League , and for the Huddersfield Giants in the Super League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Francis_Meli', 'summary': 'Francis Meli ( born 27 April 1979 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s , 2000s and 2010s . A Samoa and New Zealand international representative centre or winger , he played in the National Rugby League for New Zealand club , Auckland Warriors before playing in the Super League for English clubs , St Helens and Salford .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sam_Panapa', 'summary': 'Samuel Lameko Panapa is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s . He represented three countries in his career : Tokelau , New Zealand and Western Samoa . Panapa played his club football in Auckland as well as England , where he won several titles with the champion Wigan side of the 1990s .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eddy_Pettybourne', 'summary': 'Edward Pettybourne ( born 13 February 1988 ) is a rugby league footballer who plays as a prop for Villeneuve in the Elite One Championship . He has played at representative level for Samoa and United States , and at club level in Australia in the NRL for the South Sydney Rabbitohs , Wests Tigers and the Gold Coast Titans , and in the Queensland Cup for the Tweed Heads Seagulls , and in Europe in the Super League for the Wigan Warriors ( Heritage № 1054 ) , and in the Betfred Championship for Toulouse Olympique , as a prop , second-row or lock .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Robert_Piva', 'summary': 'Robert Piva is a former professional rugby league footballer who represented both New Zealand and Western Samoa .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Willie_Poching', 'summary': 'Willie Poching is a professional rugby league football coach and former player . He is the coach of Samoa national team , and assistant coach of the Huddersfield Giants in the Super League . A former New Zealand , and Samoa international representative forward , he spent his career playing for clubs in New Zealand , Australia and finally England , winning the Super League championship with Leeds Rhinos in 2004 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Frank_Pritchard', 'summary': 'Frank Semu Pritchard , also known by the nicknames of Cranky and Frank the Tank , ( born 3 November 1983 ) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s . A New Zealand and Samoa international representative second-row , he played in the National Rugby League for Sydney clubs the Penrith Panthers , Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and the Parramatta Eels . Pritchard also played in the Super League for English club Hull FC .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tony_Puletua', 'summary': 'Anthony Tony Puletua ( born 25 June 1979 ) , also known by the nickname of TP , is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who last played for the Hull Kingston Rovers in the Super League . A New Zealand and Samoan international , Puletua previously played for the Penrith Panthers in the National Rugby League competition , primarily as second-row forward . Puletua joined the Hull Kingston Rovers , on loan in 2015 from the Salford Red Devils . He made 13 appearances , scoring one try for the Hull Kingston Rovers , and retired on 18 September 2015 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ben_Roberts_(rugby_league)', 'summary': 'Benjamin Tapuloa Roberts ( born 8 July 1985 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who last played as a fullback , stand-off or scrum-half for the Castleford Tigers in the Super League . He is a former New Zealand and Samoan international .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tea_Ropati', 'summary': "Tea Faa'tea Ropati ( born 7 September 1964 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who represented New Zealand and Western Samoa ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Setaimata_Sa', 'summary': 'Setaimata Sa ( born 14 September 1987 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays for the Mackay Cutters in the Intrust Super Cup .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Junior_Sa'u", 'summary': "Tafeaga Junior Sa ' u ( born 18 April 1987 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a centre for the Leigh Centurions in the Betfred Championship . He has played for New Zealand and Samoa at international level . He previously played for the Newcastle Knights and the Melbourne Storm in the NRL before joining Super League side Salford Red Devils in 2014 . He spent time in 2019 on loan at Wakefield Trinity in the Super League ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jerry_Seuseu', 'summary': 'Jerry Seuseu ( born 19 April 1974 ) is aNew Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s , as a prop . He represented New Zealand and Samoa at international level . After retirement he became Wellbeing and Education manager at the New Zealand Warriors , and the manager for the Junior Warriors . He is the current Junior Kiwis Manager as well as the Senior Wellbeing Manager for the New Zealand Warriors Of Samoan descent , Seuseu was born 19 April 1974 in Auckland , New Zealand . A Mangere East Hawks junior , Seuseu represented the Counties Manukau Heroes in the Lion Red Cup in 1995 and 1996 before joining the Auckland Warriors where he was named Reserve Grader of the Year in 1997 in a side that lost the Reserve Grade Grand Final . [ citation needed ] Seuseu then became a stalwart in the Auckland Warriors front row after Joe Vagana left the club to join Bradford Bulls in 2000 . Seuseu played for Samoa at the 2000 World Cup . Seuseu played for the New Zealand Warriors at prop forward in their 2002 NRL Grand Final loss against the Sydney Roosters . He went on to make over 120 appearances for the Warriors , scoring 8 tries . Seuseu joined English club Wigan Warriors at the start of the 2005 Super League season . His younger brother , Anthony Seuseu , also played in Super League VIII with strugglers Halifax . Seuseu retired from rugby league at the end of the 2006 Super League season after two years playing for Wigan Warriors .'}, {'url': '/wiki/David_Solomona', 'summary': 'David Joseph Solomona ( born 26 January 1978 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer , who last played for the Warrington Wolves in the Super League . He was regularly amongst the top off-loaders in the competition .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Se'e_Solomona", 'summary': "Maseese ( Se ' e ) David Solomona ( born 9 March 1965 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who represented both New Zealand and Western Samoa ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Swann', 'summary': 'Anthony Gilbert Swann ( born 1975 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who represented both New Zealand and Samoa in international rugby league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Willie_Talau', 'summary': 'Viliamu ( Willie ) Talau ( born 25 January 1976 ) is a Samoan-born New Zealand-raised former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s . A Samoa and New Zealand international representative centre , he played in the National Rugby League ( NRL ) for the Bulldogs , and in the Super League for St Helens , with whom he won the 2006 Super League Grand Final and the Challenge Cup on four occasions , and for the Salford City Reds .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tony_Tatupu', 'summary': 'Kuripitone Tony Tatupu is a former professional rugby league footballer . He played as a centre and in the second-row and represented both New Zealand and Western Samoa . Tatupu is the uncle of the rugby league footballer ; Matthew Wright .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tony_Tuimavave', 'summary': 'Antonio ( Tony ) Emil Tuimavave is a Samoan former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s , who was the head coach of the Ponsonby Ponies from 2010 , primarily as a prop also as a lock . He was nicknamed The Chief because he is a chief back in his native Samoa .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Matt_Utai', 'summary': 'Matthew Utai ( born 25 May 1981 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who last played as a winger for the Auburn Warriors in the Ron Massey Cup . A New Zealand and Samoa international representative , he previously played for the Wests Tigers and the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs , with whom he won the 2004 NRL premiership .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Joe_Vagana', 'summary': 'Joseph Sonny Vagana ( born 21 January 1975 ) , also known by the nickname of Big Joe , is a former professional rugby league footballer who played as a Prop forward in the 1990s and 2000s . During his career Vagana played for the Auckland Warriors , and the Bradford Bulls , and also represented both Samoa and New Zealand in international competition .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nigel_Vagana', 'summary': "Nigel Faletoese Vagana ( born 7 February 1975 ) , also known by the nicknames of Pablo , and Chiko , is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s , as a wing , centre and five-eighth . A New Zealand and Samoa international representative , he retired as the Kiwis ' all-time top try-scorer with 19 . Vagana played club football in New Zealand for the Warriors , in England for Warrington , and in Australia for the Bulldogs , Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks and the South Sydney Rabbitohs . Vagana represented the New Zealand national team 32 times between 1998 and 2006 , including playing in the 2000 World Cup . He is also the cousin of Bradford Bulls prop-forward Joe Vagana , and former Silver Ferns netball player Linda Vagana ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Antonio_Winterstein', 'summary': "Antonio Winterstein ( born 30 May 1988 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played for the North Queensland Cowboys and Brisbane Broncos in the NRL . A Samoan international captain , he was a member of the Cowboys ' 2015 NRL premiership and 2016 World Club Challenge winning sides ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Francis_Leota', 'summary': 'Francis Poipoi Leota is a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand between 1989 and 1990 , including in games that counted towards the 1992 World Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Tonga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tonga_national_rugby_league_team', 'summary': "The Tonga national rugby league team represents Tonga in rugby league football . They are currently the Fourth ranked team in the world . The team was formed to compete in the 1986 Pacific Cup , and have competed at five Rugby League World Cups , starting in 1995 and continuing consecutively until the most recent tournament in 2017 , where they achieved their best ever result as semi-finalists . Administered by the Tonga National Rugby League , the team wears a predominately red uniform with white sides . They are associated with the phrase Mate Ma ' a Tonga ( English : Die for Tonga ) . They are coached by Australian Kristian Woolf , and co-captained by Sio Siua Taukeiaho and Jason Taumalolo ."}]}, {'value': 'rugby league', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Awen Guttenbeil , Epalahame Lauaki , Tevita Leo-Latu , Andrew Lomu , Duane Mann , George Mann , Sika Manu , Fuifui Moimoi , Taniela Tuiaki Francis Leota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Awen_Guttenbeil', 'summary': "Awen Guttenbeil ( born 14 March 1976 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s . Since retiring after a playing career spanning fifteen years , he went on to work as a broadcaster for Sky Network Television and as a presenter on Maori TV sports show , Hyundai Code . In 2010 he coached his schoolboy club Point Chevalier Pirates in the Auckland Rugby League 's Phelan Shield alongside former team mate and childhood friend Stacey Jones . He represented both the Tongan and New Zealand national sides in his long career and played in two World Cups . His position of preference was in the Second-Row . He was an integral part of the 2002 New Zealand Warriors squad , noted for being the first team in the club 's history to make the NRL Grand Final . He now owns and operates several construction businesses in New Zealand including Passive Fire NZ ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Epalahame_Lauaki', 'summary': 'Epalahame Lauaki ( born 27 January 1984 ) is a Tongan former professional rugby league footballer who last played for the Bradford Bulls in the Championship .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tevita_Leo-Latu', 'summary': 'Tevita Leo-Latu ( born 3 July 1981 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a hooker for the Point Chevalier Pirates . He previously played for the New Zealand Warriors and the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the NRL and the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats in the Super League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Lomu', 'summary': 'Andrew Lomu ( born 28 February 1979 ) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer . He previously played as a prop for the Sydney Roosters , Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks , Canberra Raiders and for the Brisbane Broncos in the NRL .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Duane_Mann', 'summary': 'Duane Darrin Mann ( born 28 June 1965 ) is a New Zealand former rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s , and coached in the 2000s . A Tonga and New Zealand international representative hooker , he captained both sides . Mann played his club football for New Zealand sides Glenora , North Harbour , Auckland Warriors and Counties Manukau , as well as for English club , Warrington .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_Mann_(rugby_league)', 'summary': 'George William Mann ( born 31 July 1965 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s , who represented both New Zealand and Tonga .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sika_Manu', 'summary': 'Viliami Sikalamu Sika Manu ( born 22 January 1987 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played as a second-row forward for Tonga and New Zealand at international level , being a member of the World Cup winning Kiwi team who beat Australia in the 2008 World Cup Final . At club level played for the Melbourne Storm , with whom he won the 2012 NRL Grand Final , and also the Penrith Panthers in the NRL and Hull F.C . in the Super League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fuifui_Moimoi', 'summary': 'Fuifui Moimoi ( born 26 September 1979 ) is a rugby league footballer who plays as a prop for Workington Town in the RFL League 1 . He most notably played for the Parramatta Eels in the National Rugby League ( NRL ) from 2004-14 , in addition to playing for Leigh Centurions in the RFL Championship from 2015-16 and for Toronto Wolfpack in League 1 in 2017 . A New Zealand and Tonga international representative forward , Moimoi made over 200 NRL appearances for Parramatta where he attained cult status . In 2018 , he briefly played rugby union for Bradford & Bingley RFC .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Taniela_Tuiaki', 'summary': 'Taniela Tuiaki ( born 2 May 1982 ) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played on the wing for the Wests Tigers in the NRL .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Francis_Leota', 'summary': 'Francis Poipoi Leota is a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand between 1989 and 1990 , including in games that counted towards the 1992 World Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Australasia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_league_team', 'summary': "The Australian national rugby league team ( or the Kangaroos ) have represented Australia in senior men 's rugby league football competition since the establishment of the 'Northern Union game ' in Australia in 1908 . Administered by the Australian Rugby League , the Kangaroos are ranked second in the RLIF World Rankings . The team is the most successful in Rugby League World Cup history , having contested all 15 and winning 11 of them , failing to reach the final only once ; the inaugural tournament in 1954 . Only five nations have beaten Australia in test matches , and Australia have an overall win percentage of 67% . Dating back to 1908 , Australia are the fourth oldest national side after England , New Zealand and Wales . The team was first assembled in 1908 for a tour of Great Britain . The majority of the Kangaroos ' games since then have been played against Great Britain and New Zealand . In the first half of the 20th century , Australia 's international competition came from alternating tours to Great Britain and New Zealand , with Australia playing host to these teams in non-tour years . Great Britain dominated in the early years , and Australia did not win a Test against the Lions until 11 November 1911 under captain Chris McKivat . Australia did not win a series at home against Great Britain until 1920 or abroad until 1958 . Since 1908 , the team has been nicknamed the Kangaroos . Initially only used when touring Great Britain , and later France , this has been the official nickname of the team since 7 July 1994 ."}]}, {'value': 'rugby league', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albert Asher , Ernie Asher , Arthur Francis , George A. Gillett , Bert Laing , Charles Savory , Frank Woodward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert_Asher', 'summary': 'Arapeta Paurini Wharepapa , or Albert Asher as he was more commonly known , ( 3 December 1879 in Tauranga - 8 January 1965 in Auckland ) was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1890s , 1900s , 1910s and 1920s . At representative level Asher played rugby union for New Zealand , North Island and Auckland playing on the Wing and played rugby league at representative level for Australasia , New Zealand , Auckland and the New Zealand Māori rugby league team . One of his brothers , Ernie , was also a rugby league international while another , John , became a Ngati Pukenga and Ngati Pikiao leader . Katherine Te Rongokahira Parata was a sister .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ernie_Asher', 'summary': 'Ernest Ernie Asher ( 21 April 1886 - 10 April 1973 ) , also known as Te Keepa Pouwhiuwhiu , was a New Zealand rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played representative rugby league ( RL ) for New Zealand Māori and New Zealand . His brothers included John Atirau Asher and fellow international Albert Asher .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Francis_(rugby)', 'summary': 'Arthur Reginald Howe Francis ( 8 June 1882 - 15 June 1957 ) , also known by the nickname of Bolla , was a New Zealand dual-code international rugby union and rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s , 1910s and 1920s , and rugby union coach of the 1930s . He played representative level rugby union ( RU ) for New Zealand , Auckland , and at club level for Ponsonby RFC . He also played representative level rugby league ( RL ) for New Zealand and Australasia , as well as at club level for Wigan , as a forward ( prior to the specialist positions of ; prop , hooker , second-row , loose forward ) , during the era of contested scrums , and coached club level rugby union ( RU ) for Grammar RFC .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_A._Gillett', 'summary': 'George Arthur Gillett ( 23 April 1877 - 12 September 1956 ) was a New Zealand multi-code footballer of the early 20th century and a dual-code rugby international . Gillett died in 1956 in Onehunga .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bert_Laing', 'summary': 'Henry Bircher Bert Laing is a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand and Australasia . His brother , Albert , was also a New Zealand international .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charles_Savory', 'summary': 'Charles Savory ( 23 March 1889 - 8 May 1915 ) was a New Zealand international rugby league footballer and champion boxer who died in the First World War . An Australasian and New Zealand international representative forward , Savory was one of four Kiwis players selected to go on the 1911-12 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain . Due to playing the same sports , he has been described as the Sonny Bill Williams of his time .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Frank_Woodward_(rugby_league)', 'summary': 'Francis Frank William Woodward was a New Zealand professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s and 1910s . He played at representative level for New Zealand ( Heritage № 46 ) , Australasia ( Heritage № 86 ) , Auckland and Rotorua , and at club level for Balmain , as a centre , or stand-off , i.e . number 3 or 4 , or , 6 .'}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_league_team', 'summary': "The Australian national rugby league team ( or the Kangaroos ) have represented Australia in senior men 's rugby league football competition since the establishment of the 'Northern Union game ' in Australia in 1908 . Administered by the Australian Rugby League , the Kangaroos are ranked second in the RLIF World Rankings . The team is the most successful in Rugby League World Cup history , having contested all 15 and winning 11 of them , failing to reach the final only once ; the inaugural tournament in 1954 . Only five nations have beaten Australia in test matches , and Australia have an overall win percentage of 67% . Dating back to 1908 , Australia are the fourth oldest national side after England , New Zealand and Wales . The team was first assembled in 1908 for a tour of Great Britain . The majority of the Kangaroos ' games since then have been played against Great Britain and New Zealand . In the first half of the 20th century , Australia 's international competition came from alternating tours to Great Britain and New Zealand , with Australia playing host to these teams in non-tour years . Great Britain dominated in the early years , and Australia did not win a Test against the Lions until 11 November 1911 under captain Chris McKivat . Australia did not win a series at home against Great Britain until 1920 or abroad until 1958 . Since 1908 , the team has been nicknamed the Kangaroos . Initially only used when touring Great Britain , and later France , this has been the official nickname of the team since 7 July 1994 ."}]}, {'value': 'rugby league', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tonie Carroll , Bill Kelly , Dally Messenger , Con Sullivan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tonie_Carroll', 'summary': 'Tonie Carroll ( born 17 February 1976 ) is a New Zealand-born Australian-raised former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s . An Australian and New Zealand international and Queensland State of Origin representative , he played for the Brisbane Broncos of the NRL and Leeds Rhinos in the Super League . Carroll retired from playing at the end of 2008 to work in real estate , before making a brief mid-season comeback to bolster a depleted Broncos side in 2009 . Carroll was a utility player , appearing at centre , five-eighth , second-row , or lock .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bill_Kelly_(rugby_league)', 'summary': 'William ( Bill ) Martin Kelly ( 1892-1975 ) , born in Westport , New Zealand was a rugby league football identity who enjoyed success in New Zealand and Australia as both a player and coach in the first half of the 20th century . He played for Wellington , the Balmain Tigers , New South Wales and for both the New Zealand and Australian national sides . He also had a long coaching career with five different clubs in the NSWRFL in the 1920s , 1930s and 1940s , and with New Zealand in 1932 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dally_Messenger', 'summary': "Herbert Henry Messenger , nicknamed Dally and sometimes The Master ( 12 April 1883 - 24 November 1959 ) was one of Australasia 's first professional rugby footballers , recognised as one of the greatest-ever players in either code . He played for New South Wales in the very first match run by the newly created 'New South Wales Rugby Football League ' which had just split away from the established New South Wales Rugby Football Union . Messenger had a stocky build , and while standing only about 172 centimetres ( 5 ft 8 in ) in height , he was a powerful runner of the ball and a solid defender . According to his peers , the centre 's greatest attributes were his unpredictability and astonishing physical co-ordination , coupled with a freakish ability to kick goals from almost any part of the ground . He was a teetotaller and non-smoker during his career and other than breakfast , Messenger would rarely eat before a match ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Con_Sullivan', 'summary': 'Con Sullivan ( 1886-1964 ) was a New Zealand international rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s and 1910s for various Australasian representative sides .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The England national rugby union team represents England in men 's international rugby union . They compete in the annual Six Nations Championship with France , Ireland , Italy , Scotland and Wales . England have won the championship on a total of 28 occasions ( as well as sharing 10 victories ) - winning the Grand Slam 13 times and the Triple Crown 25 times - making them the most successful outright winners in the tournament 's history . As of 18 November 2019 [ update ] , England are ranked third in the world by the International Rugby Board . They are currently the only team from the Northern Hemisphere to win the Rugby World Cup , having won the tournament in 2003 , and have been runners-up on three other occasions . The history of the team extends back to 1871 when the English rugby team played their first official test match , losing 1-0 to Scotland . England dominated the early Home Nations Championship ( now the Six Nations ) which started in 1883 . Following the schism of rugby football in 1895 into union and league , England did not win the Championship again until 1910 . They first played against New Zealand in 1905 , South Africa in 1906 , and Australia in 1909 . England was one of the teams invited to take part in the inaugural Rugby World Cup in 1987 and progressed to the final in the second tournament in 1991 , losing 12-6 to Australia . Following their Grand Slam in 2003 , England went on to win the 2003 Rugby World Cup , defeating Australia 20-17 in extra time . They contested the final again in 2007 in defence of their title , losing 15-6 to South Africa , and reached the final for the fourth time in 2019 , once again losing to South Africa , 32-12 ."}]}, {'value': 'rugby union', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fred Jackson , Henry Paul , Lesley Vainikolo , Shontayne Hape', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frederick_Stanley_Jackson', 'summary': 'Frederick Stanley Jackson ( 1875 - 15 April 1957 ) was a rugby footballer of the early 1900s who represented the Anglo/Welsh British Lions and the New Zealand national rugby league team .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Henry_Paul', 'summary': "Henry Paul ( born 10 February 1974 ) , also known by the nickname of HP , is a former dual-code international rugby league and rugby union footballer . Paul represented New Zealand in rugby league and England in rugby union and rugby sevens . He once held the world record for the most consecutive kicks on the field , a record now held by Neil Jenkins . Paul 's played as a loose forward and stand-off . He played as a centre in rugby union , and has previously played as a fly-half . He is the brother of New Zealand former international Robbie Hunter-Paul and married long term partner of 12 years Philippa English in July 2018 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lesley_Vainikolo', 'summary': "Lesley Paea ' I'muli Vainikolo ( born 4 May 1979 ) is a rugby union and former professional rugby league footballer . A dual code international , he has played for the New Zealand Kiwis in rugby league and England in rugby union . He began his career playing rugby league in Australia for the Canberra Raiders of the National Rugby League and later in England for the Bradford Bulls of Super League . He then moved to English rugby union club Gloucester . In both codes , he has usually played as a wing ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shontayne_Hape', 'summary': 'Shontayne Edward Hape ( [ ˈhɑrːpeɪ ] ; born 30 January 1981 ) is a former professional rugby footballer , a dual-code rugby international . He played rugby union at centre for Montpellier , London Irish , Bath and England . He played rugby league for the Bradford Bulls in the Super League and the New Zealand Warriors in the National Rugby League . Hape represented New Zealand at international level rugby league by being selected for both the junior and senior squads , including the 2006 Tri-Nations New Zealand squad . His usual position is centre . He was forced to retire in 2013 after suffering several serious concussions , which left him with decreased brain function .'}]}, {'value': 'Cook Islands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cook_Islands_national_rugby_league_team', 'summary': 'The Cook Islands national rugby league team has been participating in international rugby league football competition since 1986 . The team is controlled by the governing body for rugby league in Cook Islands , Cook Islands Rugby League Association ( CIRLA ) , which is currently a member of the Asia-Pacific Rugby League Confederation ( APRLC ) . They are currently ranked 23rd in the RLIF World Rankings .'}]}, {'value': 'rugby league', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alex Glenn , Kevin Iro , Zeb Taia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alex_Glenn', 'summary': 'Alex Glenn ( born 31 July 1988 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row and centre for the Brisbane Broncos in the NRL . He has played for both the Cook Islands and New Zealand at international level . He is currently the Brisbane Broncos captain .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Iro', 'summary': "Kevin Leslie Iro ( born 24 May 1968 ) , also known by the nickname of 'The Beast , is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s , 1990s and 2000s , and coached in the 2000s . He played at representative level for New Zealand , Cook Islands , Auckland and Rest of the World , and at club level for Mount Albert , Manly-Warringah , Hunter Mariners and the Auckland Warriors , and in England for Wigan , Leeds and St. Helens , as a wing , centre or stand-off , playing in Challenge Cup finals for all three English teams , and coached at representative level for Cook Islands ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Zeb_Taia', 'summary': 'Zeb Taia ( born 11 October 1984 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays second-row forward for St Helens in the Betfred Super League . He has played for both New Zealand and the Cook Islands at international level . He played for the Parramatta Eels , Newcastle Knights and the Gold Coast Titans in the NRL , and the Catalans Dragons in the Super League . Taia has also played for the Exiles , and earlier in his career he played as a loose forward , prop and centre .'}]}, {'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_national_cricket_team', 'summary': "The New Zealand national cricket team represents New Zealand in men 's international cricket . Nicknamed the Black Caps , they played their first Test in 1930 against England in Christchurch , becoming the fifth country to play Test cricket . From 1930 New Zealand had to wait until 1956 , more than 26 years , for its first Test victory , against the West Indies at Eden Park in Auckland . They played their first ODI in the 1972-73 season against Pakistan in Christchurch . The current captain in all formats of the game is Kane Williamson , who replaced Brendon McCullum after the latter 's retirement in December 2015 . The national team is organised by New Zealand Cricket . The New Zealand cricket team became known as the Black Caps in January 1998 , after its sponsor at the time , Clear Communications , held a competition to choose a name for the team . This is one of many national team nicknames related to the All Blacks . As of 8 September 2019 , New Zealand have played 1324 international matches , winning 505 , losing 599 , tying 12 and drawing 165 matches while 43 matches ended as no result . The team is ranked 2nd in Tests , 3rd in ODIs and 6th in T20Is by the ICC . New Zealand defeated South Africa in the semi final of the 2015 World Cup , which was their first win in the a world cup semi final and hence they made their maiden appearance in a World Cup Final , but they ultimately lost to Trans-Tasman rivals Australia . In the next World Cup in 2019 , New Zealand again reached the final which they lost to the hosts England on boundary count after the match and the subsequent Super Over both ended as ties ."}]}, {'value': 'cricket', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charles Finlayson , Verdun Scott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Finlayson_(New_Zealand_athlete)', 'summary': 'Charles Gordon Finlayson ( 9 August 1889 - 9 July 1943 ) was a New Zealand sportsman who represented New Zealand at both rugby league and cricket .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Verdun_Scott', 'summary': 'Verdun John Scott ( 31 July 1916 - 2 August 1980 ) was a sportsman who represented New Zealand in both Test cricket and rugby league . As of 2017 he is the only player to have done so .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France_national_rugby_league_team', 'summary': 'The France national rugby league team represent France in international rugby league tournaments . They are referred to as les Chanticleers or less commonly as les Tricolores . The team is run under the auspices of the Fédération Française de Rugby à XIII and is largely made up of players from Super League and the Elite One Championship . The French rugby league team first played in 1934 on a tour of England . They have taken part in all World Cups , twelve in total , with the first being held in 1954 in France . They have never won the title but finished runners-up in both 1954 and 1968 . These are often considered the glory years of French rugby league as from the 1950s to the 1970s the team were strong and regularly beat Australia , New Zealand and Great Britain . Since those days , les Chanticleers have not done as well , not managing to win a single match in the 1995 World Cup , but doing slightly better in the 2000 World Cup with wins over Tonga and South Africa before losing to eventual finalists , New Zealand . In 2006 , the Perpignan based team Catalans Dragons entered Super League , and have since produced a number of top-class French players . Despite improved professionalism , France finished 10th in the 2008 World Cup in Australia . The team reached the quarter-finals of the 2013 World Cup where they were knocked out by England . Currently the team is ranked fifth in the world .'}]}, {'value': 'rugby league', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mark Bourneville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Bourneville', 'summary': 'Mark Trevor Horse Bourneville ( born 30 June 1963 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer . He represented both New Zealand and France in international rugby league and is the only dual-international the two countries share .'}]}, {'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/New_Zealand_men's_national_water_polo_team", 'summary': "The New Zealand men 's national water polo team is the representative for New Zealand in international men 's water polo . The team placed 5th at the 2014 Commonwealth Water Polo Championships in Aberdeen , Scotland ."}]}, {'value': 'water polo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brent Todd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brent_Todd', 'summary': 'Brent Trevor Todd ( born 5 December 1964 ) is a New Zealand former professional sportsman who has represented New Zealand at both rugby league football and water polo . His rugby league position was prop forward .'}]}, {'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_Commonwealth_Games', 'summary': "New Zealand has competed in all of the Commonwealth Games since the first in 1930 , and has won a total of 656 medals including 159 gold . The New Zealand Olympic Committee ( known as The New Zealand Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association prior to 1994 ) is the body in New Zealand responsible for selecting Athletes to represent New Zealand at the Commonwealth Games . The NZOC is a member of the Commonwealth Games Federation . In 1978 Nigeria boycotted the Commonwealth Games in protest at New Zealand 's sporting contacts with apartheid-era South Africa"}]}, {'value': 'long jump', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bevin Hough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bevin_Hough', 'summary': 'William Bevin Keith Hough ( 21 April 1929 - 25 November 2019 ) was a New Zealand sportsman who represented New Zealand in rugby league and the long jump .'}]}, {'value': 'Tonga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tonga_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Tonga national rugby union team is nicknamed ʻIkale Tahi ( Sea Eagles ) . Like their Polynesian neighbours , the Tongans start their matches with a war dance - the Sipi Tau . They are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance ( PIRA ) along with Fiji and Samoa . The Ikale Tahi achieved a historic 19-14 victory over France in the 2011 Rugby World Cup , but having lost to New Zealand and Canada , were unable to achieve what would have been their first ever presence at the quarter-finals .'}]}, {'value': 'rugby union', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emosi Koloto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emosi_Koloto', 'summary': "Emosi 'Moose ' Koloto is a New Zealand former rugby league and rugby union footballer . He represented the New Zealand national rugby league team 5 times during 1991 . Koloto played his rugby league as a second-row ."}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Australia national rugby union team , nicknamed the Wallabies , is the representative national team in the sport of rugby union for the nation of Australia . The team first played at Sydney in 1899 , winning their first test match against the touring British Isles team . Australia have competed in all eight Rugby World Cups , winning the final on two occasions and also finishing as runner-up twice . Australia beat England at Twickenham in the final of the 1991 Rugby World Cup and won again in 1999 at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff when their opponents in the final were France . The Wallabies also compete annually in The Rugby Championship ( formerly the Tri-Nations ) , along with southern hemisphere counterparts Argentina , New Zealand and South Africa . They have won this championship on four occasions . Australia also plays Test matches against the various rugby-playing nations . More than a dozen former Wallabies players have been inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'rugby union', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dally Messenger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dally_Messenger', 'summary': "Herbert Henry Messenger , nicknamed Dally and sometimes The Master ( 12 April 1883 - 24 November 1959 ) was one of Australasia 's first professional rugby footballers , recognised as one of the greatest-ever players in either code . He played for New South Wales in the very first match run by the newly created 'New South Wales Rugby Football League ' which had just split away from the established New South Wales Rugby Football Union . Messenger had a stocky build , and while standing only about 172 centimetres ( 5 ft 8 in ) in height , he was a powerful runner of the ball and a solid defender . According to his peers , the centre 's greatest attributes were his unpredictability and astonishing physical co-ordination , coupled with a freakish ability to kick goals from almost any part of the ground . He was a teetotaller and non-smoker during his career and other than breakfast , Messenger would rarely eat before a match ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Dual internationals', 'section_text': 'Several of the original New Zealand team had already represented New Zealand in rugby union . This trend has continued with many players representing New Zealand in two sports or representing two different countries in rugby league due to the eligibility rules in place at the time . For example , Dally Messenger represented Australia in both rugby union and rugby league as well as playing with the 1907 touring side . Of the 36 players that have played for both the Kiwis and the All Blacks , only Karl Ifwersen and Sonny Bill Williams have been a Kiwi before they became an All Black . As well as the dual internationals below , Charles Savory won the New Zealand National Amateur Heavyweight Boxing championship in 1914 , Sonny Bill Williams won the New Zealand Professional Boxing Association Heavyweight Championship in 2012 and Kiwis captain Puti Tipene ( Steve ) Watene became a Member of Parliament after his retirement from rugby league . [ 9 ] Four Kiwis have gone on to be test referees ; Albert House , Maurice Wetherill , Vic Belsham and Henry Perenara . [ 10 ]', 'uid': 'List_of_New_Zealand_Kiwis_representatives_1', 'intro': 'There have been over 750 rugby league footballers who have played for the New Zealand national rugby league team since the national side started competing internationally in 1907. Players are listed according to the date of their first international test match. The below list is the official roll of honour and only lists players who have played a test match for the Kiwis or have gone away on a tour with the squad. The list does not include players who only played non-tests in New Zealand or who were unused substitutions in test matches.'}	null	null	What other event did the New Zealand long jumper compete in ?	rugby league
0a1e1d47fcca833d	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'title': 'United States at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event', 'Time/Score', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrew Gemmell Sean Ryan Ashley Twichell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Gemmell', 'summary': 'Andrew Douglas Gemmell ( born February 20 , 1991 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in long-distance freestyle events . He was a member of the 2012 United States Olympic Team , and competed in the 1,500-meter freestyle event at the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sean_Ryan_(swimmer)', 'summary': 'Sean Ryan ( born August 13 , 1992 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in long-distance and open-water freestyle events .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ashley_Twichell', 'summary': 'Ashley Grace Twichell ( born June 16 , 1989 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in long-distance freestyle and open-water events . Twichell earned the first international medals of her career at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai , China , winning gold in the 5 km team and bronze in the 5 km open water events . Later in 2011 , she earned a silver medal in the 800-meter freestyle at the 2011 Pan American Games . At the 2012 U.S. Olympic Trials , she placed 10th in the 800-meter freestyle and 18th in the 400-meter freestyle , missing the Olympic team . In 2013 , Twichell won gold in the 10 km open water event at the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan , Russia .'}]}, {'value': 'Open water swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Open_water_swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The open water swimming portion of the 2011 World Aquatics Championships was held between July 19-23 in Shanghai , China at the Jinshan City Beach .'}]}, {'value': '5 km team event', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Open_water_swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Team', 'summary': 'The team competition of the open water swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships was held on July 21 . Each team consisted of 3 swimmers , two men and one woman , who swam 5 km each .'}]}, {'value': '57:00.6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dana Vollmer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dana_Vollmer', 'summary': 'Dana Whitney Vollmer ( born November 13 , 1987 ) is an American former competition swimmer , Olympic gold medalist , and former world record-holder . At the 2004 Summer Olympics , she won a gold medal as a member of the winning United States team in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay that set the world record in the event . Eight years later at the 2012 Summer Olympics , Vollmer set the world record on her way to the gold medal in the 100-meter butterfly , and also won golds in the 4×100-meter medley relay and 4×200-meter freestyle relay . She won three medals at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . Vollmer won a total of thirty two medals in major international competitions , including nineteen gold medals , eight silver , and five bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , the Pan American Games , the Pan Pacific Championships , and the Goodwill Games .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 100 m butterfly", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Women's_100_metre_butterfly", 'summary': "The women 's 100 metre butterfly competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships took place on 24 and 25 July . The heats and semifinals took place on 24 July and the final was held on 25 July ."}]}, {'value': '56.87', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryan Lochte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Lochte', 'summary': "Ryan Steven Lochte ( /ˈlɒkti/ LOK-tee ; born August 3 , 1984 ) is an American competitive swimmer and 12-time Olympic medalist . Along with Natalie Coughlin , Dara Torres , and Jenny Thompson , he is the second-most decorated swimmer in Olympic history measured by total number of medals , behind only Michael Phelps . Lochte 's seven individual Olympic medals rank second in history in men 's swimming ( again to Michael Phelps ) , tied for second among all Olympic swimmers . He currently holds the world records in the 200-meter individual medley ( long and short course ) . As part of the American teams , he also holds the world record in the 4×200-meter freestyle ( long course ) and 4x100-meter freestyle ( mixed ) relay . Lochte 's success has earned him SwimSwam 's Swammy Award for U.S . Male Swimmer of the Year in 2013 , the World Swimmer of the Year Award and the American Swimmer of the Year Award twice . He has also been named the FINA Swimmer of the Year three times . He has won a total of 90 medals in major international competition ( 54 gold , 22 silver , and 14 bronze ) spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , Pan American Games , and Pan Pacific Championships , including six Olympic gold medals and 39 world championship titles . Lochte specializes in the backstroke and individual medley , but is also a freestyle and butterfly swimmer . He is noted for the speed and distance he attains while kicking underwater . Lochte is also known for his dominance in the short course format ( 25-yard and 25-meter-long pools ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 200 m freestyle", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_200_metre_freestyle", 'summary': "The men 's 200 metre freestyle competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships took place July 25 and 26 . The heats and semifinals took place July 25 and the final was held July 26 ."}]}, {'value': '1:44.44', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rebecca Soni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rebecca_Soni', 'summary': "Rebecca Soni ( born March 18 , 1987 ) is an American former competition swimmer and breaststroke specialist who is a six-time Olympic medalist . She is a former world record-holder in the 100-meter breaststroke ( short and long course ) and the 200-meter breaststroke ( short and long course ) , and is the first woman to swim the 200-meter breaststroke in under 2 minutes 20 seconds . As a member of the U.S. national team , she currently holds the world record in the 4×100-meter medley relay ( long course ) . Soni has won a total of twenty-two medals in major international competition , fourteen gold , seven silver , and one bronze spanning the Olympics , the World , the Universiade , and the Pan Pacific Championships . She burst onto the international scene at the 2008 Summer Olympics where she won two silver medals and one gold . In the 200-meter breaststroke at the Olympics , she set the world record en route to winning gold , shocking Australian favorite Leisel Jones . Four years later at the 2012 Summer Olympics , Soni successfully defended her Olympic title in the 200-meter breaststroke in world record time , becoming the first woman to do so in the event . She was named Swimming World 's World Swimmer of the Year award in 2010 and 2011 , and the American Swimmer of the Year award in 2009 , 2010 and 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 100 m breaststroke", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Women's_100_metre_breaststroke", 'summary': "The women 's 100 metre breaststroke competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships was held on July 25 with the preliminary round and the semifinals and July 26 with the final ."}]}, {'value': '1:05.05', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Phelps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Phelps', 'summary': "Michael Fred Phelps II ( born June 30 , 1985 ) is an American former competitive swimmer and the most successful and most decorated Olympian of all time , with a total of 28 medals . Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals ( 23 ) , Olympic gold medals in individual events ( 13 ) , and Olympic medals in individual events ( 16 ) . When he won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games , Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz 's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Phelps had already tied the record of eight medals of any color at a single Games by winning six gold and two bronze medals . At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , Phelps won four gold and two silver medals , and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , he won five gold medals and one silver . This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row . Phelps is the long course world record holder in the men 's 400-meter individual medley as well as the former long course world record holder in the 200-meter freestyle , 100-meter butterfly , 200-meter butterfly , and 200-meter individual medley . He has won 82 medals in major international long course competitions , of which 65 were gold , 14 silver , and three bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Phelps 's international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times , as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016 . Phelps earned Sports Illustrated magazine 's Sportsman of the Year award due to his unprecedented Olympic success in the 2008 Games . After the 2008 Summer Olympics , Phelps started the Michael Phelps Foundation , which focuses on growing the sport of swimming and promoting healthier lifestyles . Phelps retired following the 2012 Olympics , but he made a comeback in April 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 200 m butterfly", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_200_metre_butterfly", 'summary': "The men 's 200 metre butterfly competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships was held on July 26 with the heats and the semifinals and July 27 with the final ."}]}, {'value': '1:53.34', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryan Lochte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Lochte', 'summary': "Ryan Steven Lochte ( /ˈlɒkti/ LOK-tee ; born August 3 , 1984 ) is an American competitive swimmer and 12-time Olympic medalist . Along with Natalie Coughlin , Dara Torres , and Jenny Thompson , he is the second-most decorated swimmer in Olympic history measured by total number of medals , behind only Michael Phelps . Lochte 's seven individual Olympic medals rank second in history in men 's swimming ( again to Michael Phelps ) , tied for second among all Olympic swimmers . He currently holds the world records in the 200-meter individual medley ( long and short course ) . As part of the American teams , he also holds the world record in the 4×200-meter freestyle ( long course ) and 4x100-meter freestyle ( mixed ) relay . Lochte 's success has earned him SwimSwam 's Swammy Award for U.S . Male Swimmer of the Year in 2013 , the World Swimmer of the Year Award and the American Swimmer of the Year Award twice . He has also been named the FINA Swimmer of the Year three times . He has won a total of 90 medals in major international competition ( 54 gold , 22 silver , and 14 bronze ) spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , Pan American Games , and Pan Pacific Championships , including six Olympic gold medals and 39 world championship titles . Lochte specializes in the backstroke and individual medley , but is also a freestyle and butterfly swimmer . He is noted for the speed and distance he attains while kicking underwater . Lochte is also known for his dominance in the short course format ( 25-yard and 25-meter-long pools ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 200 m individual medley", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_200_metre_individual_medley", 'summary': "The men 's 200 metre individual medley competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships took place July 27 and 28 . The heats and semifinals took place July 27 and the final was held July 28 . The two main contenders for the event were the reigning World Champion and world record holder Ryan Lochte and Michael Phelps , the reigning Olympic champion . The final was won by Lochte in a world record time 1:54.00 , bettering his previous time of 1:54.10 . Phelps finished in second place with a personal best time of 1:54.16 . So emphatic was Lochte and Phelps performance , that third-place finisher László Cseh said , The Americans are too good for me . Only Ryan can beat Michael , but I can improve myself and continue to swim faster ."}]}, {'value': '1:54.00 ( WR )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Missy Franklin Dagny Knutson Katie Hoff Allison Schmitt Jasmine Tosky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Missy_Franklin', 'summary': "Melissa Jeanette Franklin ( born May 10 , 1995 ) is an American former competition swimmer and five-time Olympic gold medalist . She formerly held the world record in the 200-meter backstroke ( long course ) . As a member of the U.S. national swim team , she also held the world records in the 4×100-meter medley relay ( short course and long course ) . In her Olympic debut at the 2012 Summer Olympics at age 17 , Franklin won a total of five medals , four of which were gold . She swept the women 's backstroke events , winning gold in both the 100-meter and 200-meter backstroke . Franklin 's successes have earned her Swimming World 's World Swimmer of the Year and the American Swimmer of the Year award in 2012 as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2011 and 2012 . In total , she has won twenty-seven medals in international competition : sixteen gold , six silver , and five bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , the short course World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Franklin 's eleven gold medals at the World Aquatics Championships was a record in women 's swimming before Katie Ledecky broke it in 2017 . Franklin holds dual American and Canadian citizenship , and chose to compete for the U.S. national swim team . In December 2018 , she announced her retirement from the sport ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dagny_Knutson', 'summary': 'Dagny Knutson ( born January 18 , 1992 ) is an American swimmer of Norwegian heritage . Knutson is a former American record holder in 400-yard individual medley and holds several high school national records . She finished swimming competitively in 2012 and in 2013 , due to her struggles with bulimia and financial strains .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Katie_Hoff', 'summary': 'Kathryn Elise Hoff ( born June 3 , 1989 ) is an American former competition swimmer , Olympic medalist , and former world record-holder . Though Hoff was known for her success in the 200- and 400-meter individual medley , she was a very capable swimmer in many events , ranging from the four 200-meter events to the 800-meter freestyle . She represented the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics , in which she captured a silver and two bronze medals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Allison_Schmitt', 'summary': "Allison Rodgers Schmitt ( born June 7 , 1990 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in freestyle events , and is an eight-time Olympic medalist . In her Olympic debut at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , Schmitt won a bronze medal as a member of the 4×200-meter freestyle relay . Four years later , at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , she won a total of five medals , three of them gold , in the 200-meter freestyle ( in which she set a new Olympic record ) , in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay , and in the 4×100-meter medley relay ( in which a new world record was set ) ; and she also won a silver medal in the 400 meter freestyle , and a bronze medal in the 4 × 100 meter freestyle relay . In total , Schmitt has won seventeen medals in major international competitions : eleven gold , five silver , and two bronze spanning the Summer Olympics , the FINA World Championships , the Pan Pacific Championships , and the Pan American Games . She was a four-time National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) national champion in the 200- and 500-yard freestyle swimming events during college , and was a member of the Georgia Bulldogs team that won the NCAA Division I Women 's team title in 2013 . Schmitt was named SwimSwam 's Swammy Award-winner for Female Swimmer of the Year in 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 4×200 m freestyle relay", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Women's_4_×_200_metre_freestyle_relay", 'summary': "The women 's 4×200 metre freestyle relay competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships took place July 28 . The heats and final were held on July 28 ."}]}, {'value': '7:46.14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryan Lochte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Lochte', 'summary': "Ryan Steven Lochte ( /ˈlɒkti/ LOK-tee ; born August 3 , 1984 ) is an American competitive swimmer and 12-time Olympic medalist . Along with Natalie Coughlin , Dara Torres , and Jenny Thompson , he is the second-most decorated swimmer in Olympic history measured by total number of medals , behind only Michael Phelps . Lochte 's seven individual Olympic medals rank second in history in men 's swimming ( again to Michael Phelps ) , tied for second among all Olympic swimmers . He currently holds the world records in the 200-meter individual medley ( long and short course ) . As part of the American teams , he also holds the world record in the 4×200-meter freestyle ( long course ) and 4x100-meter freestyle ( mixed ) relay . Lochte 's success has earned him SwimSwam 's Swammy Award for U.S . Male Swimmer of the Year in 2013 , the World Swimmer of the Year Award and the American Swimmer of the Year Award twice . He has also been named the FINA Swimmer of the Year three times . He has won a total of 90 medals in major international competition ( 54 gold , 22 silver , and 14 bronze ) spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , Pan American Games , and Pan Pacific Championships , including six Olympic gold medals and 39 world championship titles . Lochte specializes in the backstroke and individual medley , but is also a freestyle and butterfly swimmer . He is noted for the speed and distance he attains while kicking underwater . Lochte is also known for his dominance in the short course format ( 25-yard and 25-meter-long pools ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 200 m backstroke", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_200_metre_backstroke", 'summary': "The men 's 200 metre backstroke competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships was held on July 28 with the heats and the semifinals and July 29 with the final ."}]}, {'value': '1:52.96', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rebecca Soni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rebecca_Soni', 'summary': "Rebecca Soni ( born March 18 , 1987 ) is an American former competition swimmer and breaststroke specialist who is a six-time Olympic medalist . She is a former world record-holder in the 100-meter breaststroke ( short and long course ) and the 200-meter breaststroke ( short and long course ) , and is the first woman to swim the 200-meter breaststroke in under 2 minutes 20 seconds . As a member of the U.S. national team , she currently holds the world record in the 4×100-meter medley relay ( long course ) . Soni has won a total of twenty-two medals in major international competition , fourteen gold , seven silver , and one bronze spanning the Olympics , the World , the Universiade , and the Pan Pacific Championships . She burst onto the international scene at the 2008 Summer Olympics where she won two silver medals and one gold . In the 200-meter breaststroke at the Olympics , she set the world record en route to winning gold , shocking Australian favorite Leisel Jones . Four years later at the 2012 Summer Olympics , Soni successfully defended her Olympic title in the 200-meter breaststroke in world record time , becoming the first woman to do so in the event . She was named Swimming World 's World Swimmer of the Year award in 2010 and 2011 , and the American Swimmer of the Year award in 2009 , 2010 and 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 200 m breaststroke", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Women's_200_metre_breaststroke", 'summary': "The women 's 200 metre breaststroke competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships was held on July 28 with the heats and the semifinals and July 29 with the final ."}]}, {'value': '2:21.47', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Phelps Peter Vanderkaay Ricky Berens Ryan Lochte David Walters Conor Dwyer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Phelps', 'summary': "Michael Fred Phelps II ( born June 30 , 1985 ) is an American former competitive swimmer and the most successful and most decorated Olympian of all time , with a total of 28 medals . Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals ( 23 ) , Olympic gold medals in individual events ( 13 ) , and Olympic medals in individual events ( 16 ) . When he won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games , Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz 's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Phelps had already tied the record of eight medals of any color at a single Games by winning six gold and two bronze medals . At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , Phelps won four gold and two silver medals , and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , he won five gold medals and one silver . This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row . Phelps is the long course world record holder in the men 's 400-meter individual medley as well as the former long course world record holder in the 200-meter freestyle , 100-meter butterfly , 200-meter butterfly , and 200-meter individual medley . He has won 82 medals in major international long course competitions , of which 65 were gold , 14 silver , and three bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Phelps 's international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times , as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016 . Phelps earned Sports Illustrated magazine 's Sportsman of the Year award due to his unprecedented Olympic success in the 2008 Games . After the 2008 Summer Olympics , Phelps started the Michael Phelps Foundation , which focuses on growing the sport of swimming and promoting healthier lifestyles . Phelps retired following the 2012 Olympics , but he made a comeback in April 2014 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Peter_Vanderkaay', 'summary': 'Peter William Vanderkaay ( born February 12 , 1984 ) is an American former competition swimmer who specialized in middle-distance freestyle events and is a four-time Olympic medalist . He was a member of the United States Olympic team in 2004 , 2008 , and 2012 , and won bronze medals in the 200-meter freestyle at the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 400-meter freestyle at the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ricky_Berens', 'summary': 'Richard Ricky Berens ( born April 21 , 1988 ) is an American former competition swimmer , two-time Olympic gold medalist , world champion , and current world record-holder . As a member of the U.S. national team , he holds the world record in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay ( long course ) . He competed in the 4×100-meter and 4×200-meter freestyle relay events , as well as the individual 200-meter freestyle at the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Lochte', 'summary': "Ryan Steven Lochte ( /ˈlɒkti/ LOK-tee ; born August 3 , 1984 ) is an American competitive swimmer and 12-time Olympic medalist . Along with Natalie Coughlin , Dara Torres , and Jenny Thompson , he is the second-most decorated swimmer in Olympic history measured by total number of medals , behind only Michael Phelps . Lochte 's seven individual Olympic medals rank second in history in men 's swimming ( again to Michael Phelps ) , tied for second among all Olympic swimmers . He currently holds the world records in the 200-meter individual medley ( long and short course ) . As part of the American teams , he also holds the world record in the 4×200-meter freestyle ( long course ) and 4x100-meter freestyle ( mixed ) relay . Lochte 's success has earned him SwimSwam 's Swammy Award for U.S . Male Swimmer of the Year in 2013 , the World Swimmer of the Year Award and the American Swimmer of the Year Award twice . He has also been named the FINA Swimmer of the Year three times . He has won a total of 90 medals in major international competition ( 54 gold , 22 silver , and 14 bronze ) spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , Pan American Games , and Pan Pacific Championships , including six Olympic gold medals and 39 world championship titles . Lochte specializes in the backstroke and individual medley , but is also a freestyle and butterfly swimmer . He is noted for the speed and distance he attains while kicking underwater . Lochte is also known for his dominance in the short course format ( 25-yard and 25-meter-long pools ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/David_Walters_(swimmer)', 'summary': 'David Walters ( born September 27 , 1987 ) is an American former competition swimmer , Olympic gold medalist , and world record-holder in two events . At the 2008 Summer Olympics , Walters earned a gold medal by swimming in the heats of the 4×200-meter freestyle relay . As part of the American team , he holds the world record in the 4×100-meter medley relay ( long course ) . Walters is also a seven-time medalist ( five gold , one silver , one bronze ) at the World Aquatics Championships .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Conor_Dwyer', 'summary': 'Conor James Dwyer ( born January 10 , 1989 ) is an American competition swimmer and Olympic gold medalist . He competes in freestyle and medley events , and won a gold medal as a member of the winning U.S. 4×200-meter freestyle relay team at the 2012 Summer Olympics . In total , he has won seventeen medals in major international competitions : nine gold , six silver , and two bronze spanning the Summer Olympics , the FINA World Championships , the Pan Pacific Championships , and the Pan American Games . Dwyer placed second at the 2016 US Olympic Swimming Trials in the 400m freestyle . On 11 October 2019 it was announced by USADA that Dwyer had failed a series of anti-doping tests in late 2018 . It had been found that he had banned anabolic steroids , namely testosterone in the form of pellets , surgically inserted into his body . Dwyer was banned for 20 months and will miss the 2020 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 4×200 m freestyle relay", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_4_×_200_metre_freestyle_relay", 'summary': "The men 's 4×200 metre freestyle relay competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships was held on July 29 with the heats and final ."}]}, {'value': '7:02.67', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Missy Franklin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Missy_Franklin', 'summary': "Melissa Jeanette Franklin ( born May 10 , 1995 ) is an American former competition swimmer and five-time Olympic gold medalist . She formerly held the world record in the 200-meter backstroke ( long course ) . As a member of the U.S. national swim team , she also held the world records in the 4×100-meter medley relay ( short course and long course ) . In her Olympic debut at the 2012 Summer Olympics at age 17 , Franklin won a total of five medals , four of which were gold . She swept the women 's backstroke events , winning gold in both the 100-meter and 200-meter backstroke . Franklin 's successes have earned her Swimming World 's World Swimmer of the Year and the American Swimmer of the Year award in 2012 as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2011 and 2012 . In total , she has won twenty-seven medals in international competition : sixteen gold , six silver , and five bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , the short course World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Franklin 's eleven gold medals at the World Aquatics Championships was a record in women 's swimming before Katie Ledecky broke it in 2017 . Franklin holds dual American and Canadian citizenship , and chose to compete for the U.S. national swim team . In December 2018 , she announced her retirement from the sport ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 200 m backstroke", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Women's_200_metre_backstroke", 'summary': "The women 's 200 metre backstroke competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships was held on July 29 with the heats and the semifinals and July 30 with the final . The final was won by sixteen-year-old American Missy Franklin in a time of 2:05.10 . Frankin 's time was the third-fastest ever in the event , only behind Zimbabwean Kirsty Coventry ( 2:04.81 ) and Russian Anastasia Zuyeva ( 2:04.94 ) ."}]}, {'value': '2:05.10 ( AM ) ( NR )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Phelps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Phelps', 'summary': "Michael Fred Phelps II ( born June 30 , 1985 ) is an American former competitive swimmer and the most successful and most decorated Olympian of all time , with a total of 28 medals . Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals ( 23 ) , Olympic gold medals in individual events ( 13 ) , and Olympic medals in individual events ( 16 ) . When he won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games , Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz 's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Phelps had already tied the record of eight medals of any color at a single Games by winning six gold and two bronze medals . At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , Phelps won four gold and two silver medals , and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , he won five gold medals and one silver . This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row . Phelps is the long course world record holder in the men 's 400-meter individual medley as well as the former long course world record holder in the 200-meter freestyle , 100-meter butterfly , 200-meter butterfly , and 200-meter individual medley . He has won 82 medals in major international long course competitions , of which 65 were gold , 14 silver , and three bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Phelps 's international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times , as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016 . Phelps earned Sports Illustrated magazine 's Sportsman of the Year award due to his unprecedented Olympic success in the 2008 Games . After the 2008 Summer Olympics , Phelps started the Michael Phelps Foundation , which focuses on growing the sport of swimming and promoting healthier lifestyles . Phelps retired following the 2012 Olympics , but he made a comeback in April 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 100 m butterfly", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_100_metre_butterfly", 'summary': "The men 's 100 metre butterfly competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships was held on July 29 with the heats and the semifinals and July 30 with the final ."}]}, {'value': '50.71', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Natalie Coughlin Rebecca Soni Dana Vollmer Missy Franklin Elizabeth Pelton Christine Magnuson Amanda Weir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Coughlin', 'summary': "Natalie Anne Coughlin Hall ( born August 23 , 1982 ) is an American competition swimmer and twelve-time Olympic medalist . While attending the University of California , Berkeley , she became the first woman ever to swim the 100-meter backstroke ( long course ) in less than one minute - ten days before her 20th birthday in 2002 . At the 2008 Summer Olympics , she became the first U.S. female athlete in modern Olympic history to win six medals in one Olympiad , and the first woman ever to win a 100-meter backstroke gold in two consecutive Olympics . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she earned a bronze medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay . Her total of twelve Olympic medals ties her with Jenny Thompson and Dara Torres for the most all-time medals by a female swimmer . Coughlin 's success has earned her the World Swimmer of the Year Award once and American Swimmer of the Year Award three times . She has won a total of sixty medals in major international competition , twenty-five gold , twenty-two silver , and thirteen bronze spanning the Olympics , the World , the Pan Pacific Championships , and the Pan American Games ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rebecca_Soni', 'summary': "Rebecca Soni ( born March 18 , 1987 ) is an American former competition swimmer and breaststroke specialist who is a six-time Olympic medalist . She is a former world record-holder in the 100-meter breaststroke ( short and long course ) and the 200-meter breaststroke ( short and long course ) , and is the first woman to swim the 200-meter breaststroke in under 2 minutes 20 seconds . As a member of the U.S. national team , she currently holds the world record in the 4×100-meter medley relay ( long course ) . Soni has won a total of twenty-two medals in major international competition , fourteen gold , seven silver , and one bronze spanning the Olympics , the World , the Universiade , and the Pan Pacific Championships . She burst onto the international scene at the 2008 Summer Olympics where she won two silver medals and one gold . In the 200-meter breaststroke at the Olympics , she set the world record en route to winning gold , shocking Australian favorite Leisel Jones . Four years later at the 2012 Summer Olympics , Soni successfully defended her Olympic title in the 200-meter breaststroke in world record time , becoming the first woman to do so in the event . She was named Swimming World 's World Swimmer of the Year award in 2010 and 2011 , and the American Swimmer of the Year award in 2009 , 2010 and 2011 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dana_Vollmer', 'summary': 'Dana Whitney Vollmer ( born November 13 , 1987 ) is an American former competition swimmer , Olympic gold medalist , and former world record-holder . At the 2004 Summer Olympics , she won a gold medal as a member of the winning United States team in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay that set the world record in the event . Eight years later at the 2012 Summer Olympics , Vollmer set the world record on her way to the gold medal in the 100-meter butterfly , and also won golds in the 4×100-meter medley relay and 4×200-meter freestyle relay . She won three medals at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . Vollmer won a total of thirty two medals in major international competitions , including nineteen gold medals , eight silver , and five bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , the Pan American Games , the Pan Pacific Championships , and the Goodwill Games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Missy_Franklin', 'summary': "Melissa Jeanette Franklin ( born May 10 , 1995 ) is an American former competition swimmer and five-time Olympic gold medalist . She formerly held the world record in the 200-meter backstroke ( long course ) . As a member of the U.S. national swim team , she also held the world records in the 4×100-meter medley relay ( short course and long course ) . In her Olympic debut at the 2012 Summer Olympics at age 17 , Franklin won a total of five medals , four of which were gold . She swept the women 's backstroke events , winning gold in both the 100-meter and 200-meter backstroke . Franklin 's successes have earned her Swimming World 's World Swimmer of the Year and the American Swimmer of the Year award in 2012 as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2011 and 2012 . In total , she has won twenty-seven medals in international competition : sixteen gold , six silver , and five bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , the short course World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Franklin 's eleven gold medals at the World Aquatics Championships was a record in women 's swimming before Katie Ledecky broke it in 2017 . Franklin holds dual American and Canadian citizenship , and chose to compete for the U.S. national swim team . In December 2018 , she announced her retirement from the sport ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Elizabeth_Pelton', 'summary': 'Elizabeth Anne Pelton ( born November 26 , 1993 ) is an American former competitive swimmer and multi FINA world champion .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Christine_Magnuson', 'summary': 'Christine Marie Magnuson ( born October 17 , 1985 ) is an American competition swimmer and two-time Olympic medalist . She has won a total of five medals in major international competition , four silvers , and one bronze spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Amanda_Weir', 'summary': 'Amanda Jo Weir ( born March 11 , 1986 ) is an American competition swimmer , Olympic silver medalist , world champion , and former world record-holder . She was a member of the 2004 and 2012 United States Olympic teams , winning two silver medals at the 2004 Games and a bronze medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay at the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 4×100 m medley relay", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Women's_4_×_100_metre_medley_relay", 'summary': "The women 's 4 x 100 metre medley competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships was held on July 30 with the heats and the final . The American team consisting of Natalie Coughlin , Rebecca Soni , Dana Vollmer , and Missy Franklin won the gold in an Americas record time of 3:52.36 ."}]}, {'value': '3:52.36 ( AM ) ( NR )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jessica Hardy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jessica_Hardy', 'summary': 'Jessica Adele Hardy ( born March 12 , 1987 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in breaststroke and freestyle events . Hardy earned a bronze medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle and a gold medal in the 4×100-meter medley relays at the 2012 Summer Olympics . She has won a total of twenty-eight medals in major international competition , fourteen gold , nine silver , and five bronze spanning the Olympics , World and the Pan Pacific Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 50 m breaststroke", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Women's_50_metre_breaststroke", 'summary': "The women 's 50 metre breaststroke competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships was held on July 30 with the heats and the semifinals and July 31 with the final ."}]}, {'value': '30.19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryan Lochte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Lochte', 'summary': "Ryan Steven Lochte ( /ˈlɒkti/ LOK-tee ; born August 3 , 1984 ) is an American competitive swimmer and 12-time Olympic medalist . Along with Natalie Coughlin , Dara Torres , and Jenny Thompson , he is the second-most decorated swimmer in Olympic history measured by total number of medals , behind only Michael Phelps . Lochte 's seven individual Olympic medals rank second in history in men 's swimming ( again to Michael Phelps ) , tied for second among all Olympic swimmers . He currently holds the world records in the 200-meter individual medley ( long and short course ) . As part of the American teams , he also holds the world record in the 4×200-meter freestyle ( long course ) and 4x100-meter freestyle ( mixed ) relay . Lochte 's success has earned him SwimSwam 's Swammy Award for U.S . Male Swimmer of the Year in 2013 , the World Swimmer of the Year Award and the American Swimmer of the Year Award twice . He has also been named the FINA Swimmer of the Year three times . He has won a total of 90 medals in major international competition ( 54 gold , 22 silver , and 14 bronze ) spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , Pan American Games , and Pan Pacific Championships , including six Olympic gold medals and 39 world championship titles . Lochte specializes in the backstroke and individual medley , but is also a freestyle and butterfly swimmer . He is noted for the speed and distance he attains while kicking underwater . Lochte is also known for his dominance in the short course format ( 25-yard and 25-meter-long pools ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 400 m individual medley", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_400_metre_individual_medley", 'summary': "The men 's 400 metre individual medley competition of the swimming events was held on July 31 with the semifinals and the final ."}]}, {'value': '4:07.13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Beisel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elizabeth_Beisel', 'summary': 'Elizabeth Lyon Beisel ( born August 18 , 1992 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in backstroke and individual medley events . Beisel placed second in the 400m individual medley at the 2016 US Olympic Swimming Trials , qualifying for her third Olympic team . She has won a total of nine medals in major international competition , four gold , one silver , and four bronze spanning the Olympics , World Aquatics , and the Pan Pacific championships . Beisel competed in the 200-meter backstroke and 400-meter individual medley events at the 2008 Summer Olympics , placing fifth and fourth , respectively , in the world . She won the silver medal in the 400-meter individual medley and bronze in the 200-meter backstroke at the 2012 Summer Olympics . She competed on season 39 of Survivor , Island of the Idols and placed 9th .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 400 m individual medley", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Women's_400_metre_individual_medley", 'summary': "The women 's 400 metre individual medley competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships was held on July 31 with the heats the final ."}]}, {'value': '4:31.78', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nick Thoman Mark Gangloff Michael Phelps Nathan Adrian David Plummer Eric Shanteau Tyler McGill Garrett Weber-Gale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nick_Thoman', 'summary': 'Nicholas Brewer Thoman ( born March 6 , 1986 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in the backstroke and is an Olympic gold medalist . He has won two world championships as a member of winning United States medley relay teams at the FINA World Aquatics Championships . From 2009 to 2015 he held the world record in the 100-meter backstroke ( short course ) . Thoman has won a total of ten medals in major international competition , four gold , three silver , and three bronze spanning the Olympics , World Championships , Pan Pacific Championships , Pan American Games , and the Summer Universiade . He was a member of the 2012 U.S. Olympic team , and won gold and silver medals at the 2012 Summer Olympics . On December 6 , 2013 , at the U.S. national championships in Knoxville Tennessee , Thoman set three American records in one evening . He broke the American record in the 50-yard backstroke ( 20.69 ) , was part of an American record-breaking 200-yard medley relay ( with E. Knight , T. Phillips and C. Jones , 1:23.02 ) and shattered the American record in the 100-yard backstroke with a time of 44.07 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mark_Gangloff', 'summary': "Mark Daniel Gangloff ( born June 8 , 1982 ) is an American former competition swimmer , Olympic gold medalist , world champion , and former world record-holder . Gangloff represented the United States at two consecutive Summer Olympics . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , he earned a gold medal by swimming for the winning U.S. team in the preliminary heats of the 4×100-meter medley relay . In individual competition , he placed fourth in the men 's 100-meter breaststroke . Four years later at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , he again participated in his signature event , the 100-meter breaststroke , and placed eighth in the event final . Gangloff broke the American record in the 100-meter breaststroke with a time of 59.01 at the U.S . Swimming National Championships in 2009 . He attended Firestone High School in Akron , Ohio . He accepted an athletic scholarship to attend Auburn University , where he swam for the Auburn Tigers swimming and diving team in NCAA competition from 2001 to 2005 . He graduated from Auburn in 2005 with a bachelor 's degree in criminology . Gangloff appeared in the 2006 movie The Guardian ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Michael_Phelps', 'summary': "Michael Fred Phelps II ( born June 30 , 1985 ) is an American former competitive swimmer and the most successful and most decorated Olympian of all time , with a total of 28 medals . Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals ( 23 ) , Olympic gold medals in individual events ( 13 ) , and Olympic medals in individual events ( 16 ) . When he won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games , Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz 's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Phelps had already tied the record of eight medals of any color at a single Games by winning six gold and two bronze medals . At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , Phelps won four gold and two silver medals , and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , he won five gold medals and one silver . This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row . Phelps is the long course world record holder in the men 's 400-meter individual medley as well as the former long course world record holder in the 200-meter freestyle , 100-meter butterfly , 200-meter butterfly , and 200-meter individual medley . He has won 82 medals in major international long course competitions , of which 65 were gold , 14 silver , and three bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Phelps 's international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times , as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016 . Phelps earned Sports Illustrated magazine 's Sportsman of the Year award due to his unprecedented Olympic success in the 2008 Games . After the 2008 Summer Olympics , Phelps started the Michael Phelps Foundation , which focuses on growing the sport of swimming and promoting healthier lifestyles . Phelps retired following the 2012 Olympics , but he made a comeback in April 2014 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nathan_Adrian', 'summary': 'Nathan Ghar-jun Adrian ( born December 7 , 1988 ) is an American competitive swimmer and five-time Olympic gold medalist who formerly held the American record in the long course 50-meter freestyle event . In his Olympic debut at the 2008 Summer Olympics , Adrian swam in the heats of the 4×100-meter freestyle relay and earned a gold medal when the United States team won in the final . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , Adrian won gold medals in both the 100-meter freestyle and the 4×100-meter medley relay , and a silver medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay . He has won thirty-two medals in major international competitions ; twenty gold , seven silver , and five bronze in such competitions as the Summer Olympics , the FINA World Aquatics Championships , and the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships . In the 2016 Summer Olympics 4x100-meter freestyle relay a gold was won with Michael Phelps , Caeleb Dressel , and Ryan Held . He was an individual bronze medalist in the 50-meter and 100-meter freestyles .'}, {'url': '/wiki/David_Plummer_(swimmer)', 'summary': 'David Edward Plummer ( born October 9 , 1985 ) is a retired American competition swimmer who specialized in backstroke events . He won bronze and gold medals at the 2016 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eric_Shanteau', 'summary': 'Eric Lee Shanteau ( born October 1 , 1983 ) is an American former competition swimmer who won two gold medals as a member of winning United States relay teams at the World Championships . He was a member of the 2008 and 2012 U.S. Olympic teams , and earned a gold medal as a member of the winning U.S. team in the 4×100-meter medley relay at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London . Shanteau also holds the world record as a member of the U.S. 4×100-meter medley relay team that competed at the 2009 FINA World Championship in Rome .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tyler_McGill', 'summary': 'Tyler Tennant McGill ( born August 18 , 1987 ) is an American former competition swimmer who is a butterfly specialist and has been a member of two world champion relay teams from the United States . He was a member of the 2012 United States Olympic Team and earned a gold medal as a member of the winning U.S. team in the 4×100-meter medley relay at the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Garrett_Weber-Gale', 'summary': 'Garrett Weber-Gale ( born August 6 , 1985 ) is an American competition swimmer , two-time Olympic gold medalist , and world record-holder in two events .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 4×100 m medley relay", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_4_×_100_metre_medley_relay", 'summary': "The men 's 4×100 metre medley relay competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships took place July 31 . The heats and final took place July 31 ."}]}, {'value': '3:32.06', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Boudia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Boudia', 'summary': "David Alasdair Boudia /boʊˈdaɪə/ ( born April 24 , 1989 ) is an American diver . He won the gold medal in the 10 metre platform diving competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the bronze medal in the same event at the 2016 Summer Olympics . He also won a bronze medal with Nick McCrory in the men 's synchronized 10 metre platform at the 2012 Summer Olympics and a silver medal in the same event with Steele Johnson at the 2016 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Diving', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diving_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The diving competition at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships was held between July 16-24 , 2011 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Chinese divers dominated , winning all 10 gold medals .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 10 m platform", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Diving_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_10_metre_platform", 'summary': "The men 's 10 metre platform competition of the diving events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships was held on July 23 with the preliminary round and the semifinals and the final on 24 July ."}]}, {'value': '544.25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Natalie Coughlin Missy Franklin Jessica Hardy Dana Vollmer Amanda Weir Kara Lynn Joyce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Coughlin', 'summary': "Natalie Anne Coughlin Hall ( born August 23 , 1982 ) is an American competition swimmer and twelve-time Olympic medalist . While attending the University of California , Berkeley , she became the first woman ever to swim the 100-meter backstroke ( long course ) in less than one minute - ten days before her 20th birthday in 2002 . At the 2008 Summer Olympics , she became the first U.S. female athlete in modern Olympic history to win six medals in one Olympiad , and the first woman ever to win a 100-meter backstroke gold in two consecutive Olympics . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she earned a bronze medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay . Her total of twelve Olympic medals ties her with Jenny Thompson and Dara Torres for the most all-time medals by a female swimmer . Coughlin 's success has earned her the World Swimmer of the Year Award once and American Swimmer of the Year Award three times . She has won a total of sixty medals in major international competition , twenty-five gold , twenty-two silver , and thirteen bronze spanning the Olympics , the World , the Pan Pacific Championships , and the Pan American Games ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Missy_Franklin', 'summary': "Melissa Jeanette Franklin ( born May 10 , 1995 ) is an American former competition swimmer and five-time Olympic gold medalist . She formerly held the world record in the 200-meter backstroke ( long course ) . As a member of the U.S. national swim team , she also held the world records in the 4×100-meter medley relay ( short course and long course ) . In her Olympic debut at the 2012 Summer Olympics at age 17 , Franklin won a total of five medals , four of which were gold . She swept the women 's backstroke events , winning gold in both the 100-meter and 200-meter backstroke . Franklin 's successes have earned her Swimming World 's World Swimmer of the Year and the American Swimmer of the Year award in 2012 as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2011 and 2012 . In total , she has won twenty-seven medals in international competition : sixteen gold , six silver , and five bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , the short course World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Franklin 's eleven gold medals at the World Aquatics Championships was a record in women 's swimming before Katie Ledecky broke it in 2017 . Franklin holds dual American and Canadian citizenship , and chose to compete for the U.S. national swim team . In December 2018 , she announced her retirement from the sport ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jessica_Hardy', 'summary': 'Jessica Adele Hardy ( born March 12 , 1987 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in breaststroke and freestyle events . Hardy earned a bronze medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle and a gold medal in the 4×100-meter medley relays at the 2012 Summer Olympics . She has won a total of twenty-eight medals in major international competition , fourteen gold , nine silver , and five bronze spanning the Olympics , World and the Pan Pacific Championships .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dana_Vollmer', 'summary': 'Dana Whitney Vollmer ( born November 13 , 1987 ) is an American former competition swimmer , Olympic gold medalist , and former world record-holder . At the 2004 Summer Olympics , she won a gold medal as a member of the winning United States team in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay that set the world record in the event . Eight years later at the 2012 Summer Olympics , Vollmer set the world record on her way to the gold medal in the 100-meter butterfly , and also won golds in the 4×100-meter medley relay and 4×200-meter freestyle relay . She won three medals at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . Vollmer won a total of thirty two medals in major international competitions , including nineteen gold medals , eight silver , and five bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , the Pan American Games , the Pan Pacific Championships , and the Goodwill Games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Amanda_Weir', 'summary': 'Amanda Jo Weir ( born March 11 , 1986 ) is an American competition swimmer , Olympic silver medalist , world champion , and former world record-holder . She was a member of the 2004 and 2012 United States Olympic teams , winning two silver medals at the 2004 Games and a bronze medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay at the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kara_Lynn_Joyce', 'summary': 'Kara Lynn Joyce ( born October 25 , 1985 ) , also known by her married name Kara Lynn Williamson , is an American former competition swimmer and four-time Olympic silver medalist . She competed as a member of the United States Olympic Team at the 2004 , 2008 and 2012 Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 4×100 m freestyle relay", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Women's_4_×_100_metre_freestyle_relay", 'summary': "The women 's 4×100 metre freestyle relay competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships took place July 24 . The heats and final took place July 24 ."}]}, {'value': '3:34.47', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Phelps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Phelps', 'summary': "Michael Fred Phelps II ( born June 30 , 1985 ) is an American former competitive swimmer and the most successful and most decorated Olympian of all time , with a total of 28 medals . Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals ( 23 ) , Olympic gold medals in individual events ( 13 ) , and Olympic medals in individual events ( 16 ) . When he won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games , Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz 's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Phelps had already tied the record of eight medals of any color at a single Games by winning six gold and two bronze medals . At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , Phelps won four gold and two silver medals , and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , he won five gold medals and one silver . This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row . Phelps is the long course world record holder in the men 's 400-meter individual medley as well as the former long course world record holder in the 200-meter freestyle , 100-meter butterfly , 200-meter butterfly , and 200-meter individual medley . He has won 82 medals in major international long course competitions , of which 65 were gold , 14 silver , and three bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Phelps 's international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times , as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016 . Phelps earned Sports Illustrated magazine 's Sportsman of the Year award due to his unprecedented Olympic success in the 2008 Games . After the 2008 Summer Olympics , Phelps started the Michael Phelps Foundation , which focuses on growing the sport of swimming and promoting healthier lifestyles . Phelps retired following the 2012 Olympics , but he made a comeback in April 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships', 'summary': 'The swimming portion of the 2011 FINA World Championships was held July 24-31 at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center in Shanghai , China . Swimming is one of five aquatic disciplines at the championships .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 200 m freestyle", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_200_metre_freestyle", 'summary': "The men 's 200 metre freestyle competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships took place July 25 and 26 . The heats and semifinals took place July 25 and the final was held July 26 ."}]}, {'value': '1:44.79', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 26', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Medalists', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'United_States_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_0', 'intro': "The American team competed at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai, China from July 16 to July 31. The United States topped the gold medal count in the competition with 17 golds and finished the competition with 32 total medals, behind China's 36. 16 of the 17 gold medals came from the swimming competition and one came from the open water swimming competition. Individually, Michael Phelps won the most overall medals in the competition with seven (four golds, two silvers, one bronze). Ryan Lochte won the most gold medals among the male competitors with five and finished the competition with six medals total."}	null	null	What is the full name of the youngest person whose result was under 1 minute ?	Dana Whitney Vollmer
0a1f56f7b89764a5	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxtel_Cup', 'title': 'Foxtel Cup', 'header': ['Club', 'Nickname', 'Location', 'State League', 'Cup championships', 'Cup appearances'], 'data': [{'value': 'Ainslie Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ainslie_Football_Club', 'summary': "Ainslie Football Club is a semi-professional Australian rules football club based in Canberra , in the Australian Capital Territory . The club formed in 1927 and won its first premiership in 1929 . They now play in the North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) . Ex-St Kilda star Kevin Neale was captain-coach for six seasons ( 1978-1983 ) , during which time Ainslie won four premierships : 1979 , 1980 , 1982 , 1983 . The club was also coached by former VFL/AFL great David Cloke . The club entered the NEAFL for the competition 's inaugural season in 2011 - finishing the year as Eastern Conference premiers ."}]}, {'value': 'Tri-colours', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ainslie , ACT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ainslie,_Australian_Capital_Territory', 'summary': 'Ainslie ( postcode : 2602 ) is a leafy suburb of Canberra , Australia in the North Canberra district . The suburb is bounded by Limestone Avenue and Majura Avenue to the west and north , Phillip Avenue to the north-east , Mount Ainslie to the east and Quick Street to the south . Ainslie is within walking distance of the City , the nature trails of Mount Ainslie , the Australian War Memorial and the many restaurants of Dickson . It has many attractions : a central location , with equally easy access to the CBD and the bush trails of Mount Ainslie ; the abundance of charming early twentieth-century , heritage-listed houses ; mature deciduous street trees and general leafiness ; and a vibrant local shopping centre .'}]}, {'value': 'NEAFL Eastern Conference', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_East_Australian_Football_League', 'summary': "The North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) is an Australian rules football league in New South Wales , Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory . The league was formed in November 2010 , and its inaugural competition was in 2011 . It is a second division league , sitting below the national Australian Football League ( AFL ) and features the reserves teams of the region 's four AFL clubs playing alongside six non-AFL affiliated NEAFL senior teams ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011 - 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aspley Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aspley_Football_Club', 'summary': 'Aspley Hornets Football Club is an Australian rules football club competing in the North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) competition and the AFL Queensland QFA Division 1 competition .'}]}, {'value': 'Hornets', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carseldine , Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carseldine,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Carseldine is a suburb in the City of Brisbane , Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'NEAFL Northern Conference', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_East_Australian_Football_League', 'summary': "The North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) is an Australian rules football league in New South Wales , Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory . The league was formed in November 2010 , and its inaugural competition was in 2011 . It is a second division league , sitting below the national Australian Football League ( AFL ) and features the reserves teams of the region 's four AFL clubs playing alongside six non-AFL affiliated NEAFL senior teams ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belconnen Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belconnen_Football_Club', 'summary': 'The Belconnen Football Club , nicknamed the Magpies , is an Australian rules football club which competes in the North East Australian Football League . They previously played in the AFL Canberra competition .'}]}, {'value': 'Magpies', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belconnen , Australian Capital Territory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belconnen', 'summary': 'The District of Belconnen is one of the original eighteen districts of the Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) , used in land administration . The district is subdivided into 25 divisions ( suburbs ) , sections and blocks . The district of Belconnen is largely composed of Canberra suburbs . As at the 2016 census , the district had a population of 96,049 people ; and was the most populous district within the Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) . Belconnen is situated approximately 7 kilometres ( 4.3 mi ) to the north-west of the central business district of Canberra , and surrounds an artificially created , ornamental lake , Lake Ginninderra . Lake Ginninderra was made possible by building a dam at an elbow of Ginninderra Creek . Exiting the lake , via a simple overflow , Ginninderra Creek continues , and runs north-west to its confluence with the Murrumbidgee River just beyond the north-western ACT border .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory', 'summary': "The Australian Capital Territory , formerly known as the Federal Capital Territory until 1938 and commonly referred to as the ACT , is a federal territory of Australia containing the Australian capital city of Canberra and some surrounding townships . It is located in the south-east of the country and is an enclave within the state of New South Wales . Founded after Federation as the seat of government for the new nation , all important institutions of the Australian federal government are centred in the territory . On 1 January 1901 , federation of the colonies of Australia was achieved . Section 125 of the new Australian Constitution provided that land , situated in New South Wales and at least 100 miles ( 160 km ) from Sydney , would be ceded to the new federal government . Following discussion and exploration of various areas within New South Wales , the Seat of Government Act 1908 was passed in 1908 which specified a capital in the Yass-Canberra region . The territory was transferred to the Commonwealth by New South Wales in 1911 , two years prior to the capital city being founded and formally named as Canberra in 1913 . While the overwhelming majority of the population reside in the city of Canberra in the ACT 's north-east , the territory also includes some surrounding townships such as Williamsdale , Naas , Uriarra , Tharwa and Hall . The ACT also includes the Namadgi National Park which comprises the majority of land area of the territory . Despite a common misconception , the Jervis Bay Territory is not part of the ACT although the laws of the Australian Capital Territory apply as if Jervis Bay did form part of the ACT . The territory has a relatively dry , continental climate experiencing warm to hot summers and cool to cold winters . The Australian Capital Territory is home to many important institutions of the federal government , national monuments and museums ."}]}, {'value': 'NEAFL Eastern Conference', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_East_Australian_Football_League', 'summary': "The North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) is an Australian rules football league in New South Wales , Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory . The league was formed in November 2010 , and its inaugural competition was in 2011 . It is a second division league , sitting below the national Australian Football League ( AFL ) and features the reserves teams of the region 's four AFL clubs playing alongside six non-AFL affiliated NEAFL senior teams ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Box Hill Hawks Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Box_Hill_Hawks_Football_Club', 'summary': 'Box Hill Hawks Football Club is an Australian rules football club playing in the Victorian Football League . It has an alliance with the Hawthorn Football Club , which plays in the Australian Football League .'}]}, {'value': 'Hawks', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Box Hill , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Box_Hill,_Victoria', 'summary': "Box Hill is a suburb of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia , 14 kilometres ( 8.7 mi ) east of Melbourne 's Central Business District . in the local government area of the City of Whitehorse . At the 2016 Census , Box Hill had a population of 11,395 . Once a large independent city , Box Hill was absorbed into Melbourne as part of the eastward expansion of the metropolis in the late 1950s . As a result , it once had its own large historic Central Business District , its own municipality in the former City of Box Hill and its own suburbs . In recent years , Box Hill has become notable for its significant population of people of Asian birth or descent , particularly Chinese . The numerous Asian restaurants and retailers in its shopping district have contributed to the visibility of this aspect of the suburb 's demographics since the 1990s . Box Hill is also a major transport hub for Melbourne 's eastern suburbs , with a substantial train station , the route 109 tram , and numerous bus routes serving the suburb . In the 12-month period to January 2020 Box Hill reported a median house price of A $ 1.17 million for a three bedroom house ."}]}, {'value': 'Victorian Football League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victorian_Football_League', 'summary': "The Victorian Football League ( VFL ) is the major state-level Australian rules football league in Victoria . The league evolved from the former Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , and has been known by its current name since 1996 . For historical purposes , the present VFL is sometimes referred to as the VFA/VFL , to distinguish it from the present day Australian Football League , which was known until 1990 as the Victorian Football League and is sometimes referred to as the VFL/AFL . The VFA was formed in 1877 and is the second-oldest Australian rules football league , replacing the loose affiliation of clubs that had been the hallmark of the early years of the game . Initially serving a primarily administrative function , the VFA premiership served as the top level of club competition in Victoria until 1896 . The VFA became the secondary level of club competition from 1897 after its eight strongest clubs seceded to form the VFL . From 1897 until 1995 , the VFA remained independent from the VFL as Victoria 's secondary senior club competition . Although always much less popular than the VFL/AFL , the VFA enjoyed peaks of popularity in the 1940s with a faster-paced rival code of rules , and in the 1970s bolstered by playing on Sundays at a time when the VFL was played solely on Saturdays . Since 1995 , the league has been administered by AFL Victoria ( and its predecessors ) , and serves as one of the second-tier regional Australian semi-professional competitions which sits underneath the fully professional Australian Football League . From the 2018 season it will comprise 15 teams from throughout Victoria , nine of which have a continuous VFA heritage . Since 2000 , the VFL has served partially as a reserves competition for the AFL , with some Victorian-based clubs fielding their reserves teams in the VFL and others affiliated such that their reserves player can play in VFL teams . AFL Victoria also operates a women 's football competition under the Victorian Football League brand , known as the VFL Women 's , which was established in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burnie Dockers Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burnie_Dockers_Football_Club', 'summary': 'Burnie Dockers Football Club is an Australian rules football club in Burnie , Tasmania , Australia . The club currently competes in the North West Football League ( NWFL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Dockers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burnie , Tasmania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burnie,_Tasmania', 'summary': "Burnie is a port city on the north-west coast of Tasmania . When founded in 1827 , it was named Emu Bay , being renamed after William Burnie , a director of the Van Diemen 's Land Company , in the early 1840s . Burnie was proclaimed a city by Queen Elizabeth II on 26 April 1988 . At the 2016 Australian Census Burnie had an urban population of 19,385 . Burnie is governed by the City of Burnie local government area ."}]}, {'value': 'Tasmanian Football League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tasmanian_Football_League', 'summary': "The Tasmanian State League ( TSL ) , colloquially known as the Tasmanian Football League ( TFL ) ( formerly known as the Tasmanian Australian National Football League ( TANFL ) and several other short-term names ) is the highest ranked Australian rules football league in Tasmania , Australia . The league has a long and convoluted history which dates back to its founding on 12 June 1879 ( giving it some claim to the title of the third oldest club football league in the world ) , but the name TFL ( also the state 's football governing body ) was removed after it was liquidated with crushing debts in February 1999 and replaced by an independent commission ( Football Tasmania ) and the competition was renamed the Tasmanian State Football League ( 1999 ) and the SWL ( 2000 ) until the number of clubs in financial difficulty made the league unsustainable and it collapsed in December 2000 . After long negotiations and discussions it was reinstated as a ten club competition in 2009 . The League is commercially known as the RACT Insurance Tasmanian State League under a naming-rights sponsorship agreement with RACT Insurance in Hobart ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012 - 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Claremont Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Claremont_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Claremont Football Club , nicknamed Tigers , is an Australian rules football club based in Claremont , Western Australia , that currently plays in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) and WAFL Women 's ( WAFLW ) . Its official colours are navy blue and gold . Formed as the Cottesloe Beach Football Club in 1906 , the club entering the WAFL in 1925 as the Claremont-Cottesloe Football Club ' , changing its name to the present in 1935 . Claremont have won 12 senior men 's premierships since entering the competition , including most recently the 2011 and 2012 premierships ."}]}, {'value': 'Tigers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Claremont , Western Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Claremont,_Western_Australia', 'summary': 'Claremont is a western suburb of Perth , Western Australia on the north bank of the Swan River .'}]}, {'value': 'West Australian Football League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Australian_Football_League', 'summary': 'The West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) is an Australian rules football league based in Perth , Western Australia . The WAFL is the third-most popular league in the nation , behind the nationwide Australian Football League ( AFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . The league currently consists of ten teams , which play each other in a 20-round season usually lasting from March to September , with the top five teams playing off in a finals series , culminating in a Grand Final . The league also runs reserves , colts ( under-19 ) and womens competitions . The WAFL was founded in 1885 as the West Australian Football Association ( WAFA ) , and has undergone a variety of name changes since then , re-adopting its current name in 2001 . For most of its existence , the league was considered one of the traditional big three Australian rules football leagues , along with the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . However , since the introduction of two Western Australia-based clubs into the VFL ( later renamed the Australian Football League ) - the West Coast Eagles in 1987 and the Fremantle Football Club in 1995 - the popularity and standard of the league has decreased to the point where it is considered a feeder competition to the AFL . Although payments are made to players , it is generally considered to be a semi-professional competition . A salary cap of A $ 200,000 per club is in place . The league is currently affiliated with the two Western Australia-based AFL clubs . Players who are not selected to play with their respective AFL clubs instead play for allocated clubs in the WAFL . The competition is governed by the West Australian Football Commission , and based at Subiaco Oval .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011 - 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clarence Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clarence_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Clarence Football Club , nicknamed The Kangaroos ( and usually referred to as simply The Roos ) , is an Australian rules football club playing in the Tasmanian State League , based in Bellerive , Tasmania . Before 1947 , they existed as Bellerive Football Club . The Club play their home games at Bellerive Oval , Hobart 's Test Cricket ground , they share the facilities with Tasmania 's cricket team , the Tasmanian Tigers ."}]}, {'value': 'Kangaroos', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clarence , Tasmania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Clarence', 'summary': "Clarence City Council ( or City of Clarence ) is a local government body in Tasmania , and one of the five municipalities that constitutes the Greater Hobart Area . The Clarence local government area has a population of 56,945 , covering the eastern shore of the Derwent River from Otago to the South Arm Peninsula and the smaller localities of Cambridge , Richmond , and Seven Mile Beach . The administrative centre and main commercial district of Clarence is Rosny Park , approximately 5 kilometres from the CBD of Hobart . Bellerive Oval lies immediately to the south , and the Hobart International Airport is located further north-west along the Tasman Highway . The area that now constitutes the City of Clarence was once part of the traditional land of the Moomairemener , a sub-group of the Tasmanian Aborigines . In 1803 , the island of Tasmania ( then Van Diemen 's Land ) was colonised by United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , who subsequently established the settlement of Hobart Town . By the 1820s the settlement had spread to the 'Clarence Plains ' , but the area remained primarily agricultural until the mid to late 20th century , when it experienced a residential development boom . Since then Clarence has grown rapidly to become a self-sufficient city ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tasmania', 'summary': "Tasmania ( /tæzˈmeɪniə/ ; abbreviated as TAS , nicknamed Tassie ) is an island state of Australia . It is located 240 km ( 150 mi ) to the south of the Australian mainland , separated by Bass Strait . The state encompasses the main island of Tasmania , the 26th-largest island in the world , and the surrounding 334 islands . The state has a population of around 533,308 as of March 2019 [ update ] . Just over forty percent of the population resides in the Greater Hobart precinct , which forms the metropolitan area of the state capital and largest city , Hobart . Tasmania 's area is 68,401 km2 ( 26,410 sq mi ) , of which the main island covers 64,519 km2 ( 24,911 sq mi ) . It is promoted as a natural state , and protected areas of Tasmania cover about 42% of its land area , which includes national parks and World Heritage Sites . Tasmania was the founding place of the first environmental political party in the world . The island is believed to have been occupied by indigenous peoples for 30,000 years before British colonisation . It is thought Aboriginal Tasmanians were separated from the mainland Aboriginal groups about 10,000 years ago when the sea rose to form Bass Strait . The Aboriginal population is estimated to have been between 3,000 and 7,000 at the time of colonisation , but was almost wiped out within 30 years by a combination of violent guerrilla conflict with settlers known as the Black War , intertribal conflict , and from the late 1820s , the spread of infectious diseases to which they had no immunity . The conflict , which peaked between 1825 and 1831 , and led to more than three years of martial law , cost the lives of almost 1,100 Aboriginals and settlers ."}]}, {'value': 'Tasmanian Football League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tasmanian_Football_League', 'summary': "The Tasmanian State League ( TSL ) , colloquially known as the Tasmanian Football League ( TFL ) ( formerly known as the Tasmanian Australian National Football League ( TANFL ) and several other short-term names ) is the highest ranked Australian rules football league in Tasmania , Australia . The league has a long and convoluted history which dates back to its founding on 12 June 1879 ( giving it some claim to the title of the third oldest club football league in the world ) , but the name TFL ( also the state 's football governing body ) was removed after it was liquidated with crushing debts in February 1999 and replaced by an independent commission ( Football Tasmania ) and the competition was renamed the Tasmanian State Football League ( 1999 ) and the SWL ( 2000 ) until the number of clubs in financial difficulty made the league unsustainable and it collapsed in December 2000 . After long negotiations and discussions it was reinstated as a ten club competition in 2009 . The League is commercially known as the RACT Insurance Tasmanian State League under a naming-rights sponsorship agreement with RACT Insurance in Hobart ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'East Fremantle Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Fremantle_Football_Club', 'summary': "The East Fremantle Football Club , nicknamed the Sharks , is an Australian rules football club playing in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) and WAFL Women 's ( WAFLW ) . The team 's home ground is East Fremantle Oval . East Fremantle are the most successful club in WAFL history , winning 29 premierships since their entry into the competition in 1898 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sharks', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'East Fremantle , Western Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Fremantle,_Western_Australia', 'summary': 'East Fremantle ( nicknamed East Freo in Western Australian vernacular ) is a suburb of Perth , Western Australia , located 13 kilometres ( 8.1 mi ) south-west of the central business district . The suburb is mainly residential , and is coterminous with the Town of East Fremantle local government area . Previously serving as an outer , rural area of Fremantle , most of the present-day suburb was originally developed in the late 1890s and early 1900s as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes . Further development occurred in the late 1940s and 1950s to provide dwellings for new immigrants . Two major arterial roads - Canning Highway and Stirling Highway - pass through the suburb , which is also bounded to the north by the Swan River .'}]}, {'value': 'West Australian Football League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Australian_Football_League', 'summary': 'The West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) is an Australian rules football league based in Perth , Western Australia . The WAFL is the third-most popular league in the nation , behind the nationwide Australian Football League ( AFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . The league currently consists of ten teams , which play each other in a 20-round season usually lasting from March to September , with the top five teams playing off in a finals series , culminating in a Grand Final . The league also runs reserves , colts ( under-19 ) and womens competitions . The WAFL was founded in 1885 as the West Australian Football Association ( WAFA ) , and has undergone a variety of name changes since then , re-adopting its current name in 2001 . For most of its existence , the league was considered one of the traditional big three Australian rules football leagues , along with the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . However , since the introduction of two Western Australia-based clubs into the VFL ( later renamed the Australian Football League ) - the West Coast Eagles in 1987 and the Fremantle Football Club in 1995 - the popularity and standard of the league has decreased to the point where it is considered a feeder competition to the AFL . Although payments are made to players , it is generally considered to be a semi-professional competition . A salary cap of A $ 200,000 per club is in place . The league is currently affiliated with the two Western Australia-based AFL clubs . Players who are not selected to play with their respective AFL clubs instead play for allocated clubs in the WAFL . The competition is governed by the West Australian Football Commission , and based at Subiaco Oval .'}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'East Perth Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Perth_Football_Club', 'summary': "The East Perth Football Club , nicknamed the Royals , is an Australian rules football club based in Leederville , Western Australia , current playing in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) . Formed in 1902 as the Union Football Club , the club entered the WAFL in 1906 , changing its name to East Perth . It won its first premiership in 1919 , part of a streak of five consecutive premierships . Overall , the club has won 17 premierships , most recently in 2002 . The club is currently based at Leederville Oval , which it shares with the Subiaco Football Club , having previously played home games at Wellington Square ( from 1901 to 1909 ) and Perth Oval ( formerly known as Loton Park ) from 1910 to 1999 . The current coach of East Perth is Jeremy Barnard and the current captains are Kyle Anderson and Patrick McGinnity . From 2014 until 2018 , East Perth served as the host club for the West Coast Eagles of the Australian Football League , the arrangement saw West Coast 's reserves players playing in the WAFL for East Perth ."}]}, {'value': 'Royals', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leederville , Western Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leederville', 'summary': "Leederville is a locality within the City of Vincent in the Perth metropolitan region of Western Australia . It is home to Aranmore Catholic College , the School of Isolated and Distance Education , North Metropolitan TAFE , Trinity Theological College , and St Mary 's Church . The suburb was named after William Henry Leeder , the original grantee of land that encompassed the area ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Western_Australia', 'summary': "Western Australia [ a ] ( abbreviated as WA ) is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia . It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west , and the Southern Ocean to the south , [ b ] the Northern Territory to the north-east , and South Australia to the south-east . Western Australia is Australia 's largest state , with a total land area of 2,529,875 square kilometres ( 976,790 sq mi ) , and the second-largest country subdivision in the world , surpassed only by Russia 's Sakha Republic . The state has about 2.6 million inhabitants - around 11 percent of the national total - of whom the vast majority ( 92 per cent ) live in the south-west corner , 79 per cent of the population living in the Perth area , leaving the remainder of the state sparsely populated . The first European visitor to Western Australia was the Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog , who visited the Western Australian coast in 1616 . The first European settlement of Western Australia occurred following the landing by Major Edmund Lockyer on 26 December 1826 of an expedition on behalf of the New South Wales colonial government . He established a convict-supported military garrison at King George III Sound , at present-day Albany , and on 21 January 1827 formally took possession of the western third of the continent for the British Crown . This was followed by the establishment of the Swan River Colony in 1829 , including the site of the present-day capital , Perth . York was the first inland settlement in Western Australia . Situated 97 kilometres ( 60 miles ) east of Perth , it was settled on 16 September 1831 . Western Australia achieved responsible government in 1890 and federated with the other British colonies in Australia in 1901 . Today , its economy mainly relies on mining , oil and gas , services and construction ."}]}, {'value': 'West Australian Football League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Australian_Football_League', 'summary': 'The West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) is an Australian rules football league based in Perth , Western Australia . The WAFL is the third-most popular league in the nation , behind the nationwide Australian Football League ( AFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . The league currently consists of ten teams , which play each other in a 20-round season usually lasting from March to September , with the top five teams playing off in a finals series , culminating in a Grand Final . The league also runs reserves , colts ( under-19 ) and womens competitions . The WAFL was founded in 1885 as the West Australian Football Association ( WAFA ) , and has undergone a variety of name changes since then , re-adopting its current name in 2001 . For most of its existence , the league was considered one of the traditional big three Australian rules football leagues , along with the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) and South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . However , since the introduction of two Western Australia-based clubs into the VFL ( later renamed the Australian Football League ) - the West Coast Eagles in 1987 and the Fremantle Football Club in 1995 - the popularity and standard of the league has decreased to the point where it is considered a feeder competition to the AFL . Although payments are made to players , it is generally considered to be a semi-professional competition . A salary cap of A $ 200,000 per club is in place . The league is currently affiliated with the two Western Australia-based AFL clubs . Players who are not selected to play with their respective AFL clubs instead play for allocated clubs in the WAFL . The competition is governed by the West Australian Football Commission , and based at Subiaco Oval .'}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greater Western Sydney Giants', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greater_Western_Sydney_Giants', 'summary': "The Greater Western Sydney Football Club , commonly referred to as GWS Giants or simply GWS , is a professional Australian rules football club which plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Representing the Greater Western Sydney area and Canberra , the club is based at the Tom Wills Oval in Sydney Olympic Park . The team 's primary home ground is Sydney Showground Stadium , also located in the Olympic Park precinct . The club plays four home games a year at Manuka Oval in Canberra as part of a deal with the government of the Australian Capital Territory . The club played its first AFL premiership match in March 2012 . It won only three games in its first two seasons and consecutive wooden spoons . They made the finals for the first time during the 2016 season , and played in its first grand final in 2019 where they were defeated by Richmond by 89 points . The Giants operate three other teams outside of the AFL . The club has fielded a team in the AFL Women 's league since 2017 and a reserves team , known as the Western Sydney University Giants ( formerly UWS Giants ) , has participated in the North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) since 2012 , as part of a partnership between the club and the university . A netball team , known as Giants Netball , competes in the National Netball League ."}]}, {'value': 'Giants', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blacktown , NSW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blacktown', 'summary': 'Blacktown is a suburb in the City of Blacktown , in Greater Western Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia . Blacktown is located 34 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district . Blacktown is the largest of any township in New South Wales and is one of the most multicultural places within Greater Sydney . There have been discussions about changing the name of the City to Western Sydney City due to the belief that the name Blacktown is racist . However , this was voted against and the name has remained Blacktown .'}, {'url': '/wiki/New_South_Wales', 'summary': "New South Wales ( abbreviated as NSW ) is a state on the east coast of Australia . It borders Queensland to the north , Victoria to the south , and South Australia to the west . Its coast borders the Coral and Tasman Seas to the east . The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state . New South Wales ' state capital is Sydney , which is also Australia 's most populous city . In March 2019 [ update ] , the population of New South Wales was over 8 million , making it Australia 's most populous state . Just under two-thirds of the state 's population , 5.1 million , live in the Greater Sydney area . Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen . The Colony of New South Wales was founded as a British penal colony in 1788 . It originally comprised more than half of the Australian mainland with its western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825 . The colony then also included the island territories of New Zealand , Van Diemen 's Land , Lord Howe Island , and Norfolk Island . During the 19th century , most of the colony 's area was detached to form separate British colonies that eventually became New Zealand and the various states and territories of Australia ."}]}, {'value': 'Australian Football League Expansion club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australian_Football_League', 'summary': "The Australian Football League ( AFL ) is the pre-eminent and only fully professional men 's competition of Australian rules football . Through the AFL Commission , the AFL also serves as the sport 's governing body , and is responsible for controlling the laws of the game . Originally known as the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) , it was founded in 1896 as a breakaway competition from the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , with its inaugural season commencing the following year . The VFL , aiming to become a national competition , began expanding beyond Victoria to other Australian states in the 1980s , and changed its name to the AFL in 1990 . The league currently consists of 18 teams spread over five of Australia 's six states ( Tasmania being the exception ) . Matches have been played in all states and mainland territories of Australia , as well as in New Zealand and China to promote the sport abroad . The AFL season currently consists of a 23-round regular ( or home-and-away ) season , which runs during the Australian winter ( March to September ) . The team with the best record after the home-and-away series is awarded the minor premiership . The top eight teams then play off in a four-round finals series , culminating in the AFL Grand Final , which is held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground each year . The grand final winner is termed the premiers , and is awarded the premiership cup . The current premiers are Richmond ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Labrador Australian Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labrador_Australian_Football_Club', 'summary': "Labrador Australian Football Club , also known as the Labrador Tigers , is a Gold Coast based sports club . Labrador 's Australian rules football team currently competes in the Queensland Australian Football League . From 2011-2014 it was an inaugural member club of the NEAFL competition . Formed in 1964 the Tigers played in the Gold Coast AFL until they were promoted into the Queensland State League in 1997 . Runners-up in 2010 the club is a founding member of the NEAFL ."}]}, {'value': 'Tigers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Labrador , Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labrador,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Labrador is a coastal suburb located on the Gold Coast in Queensland , Australia . At the 2006 Census , Labrador had a population of 15,391 , and grew to 16,402 at the 2011 Census . The suburb overlooks the Gold Coast Broadwater to the east and Southport on the southern border . There are many Aboriginal cultural sites across the Gold Coast . Labrador was part of traditional country for several families , due to the abundance of shell fish , mudcrabs , oysters and waterfowl in the area . The two local peoples most spoken of by the early settlers were the Yugambeh and Kombumerri Aboriginals . Dawn Rix in her book Labrador - The early pioneers writes that a Scottish Engineer Robert Muir is believed to have named the area in the late 19th century after the a local fishery in north-eastern Canada , owing to the similarities both held in the recreational fishing of streams and the peninsula shape of the land . Two noteworthy and historical buildings of 1921 were named after the neighbourhood , a residence called Labrador house and the original Labrador State School . The Gold Coast City Council publishes the Labrador Heritage Walk , and produces a guide booklet which includes twenty one places of historical interest . Three mapped walks have been designed to note the points of interest .'}]}, {'value': 'NEAFL Northern Conference', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_East_Australian_Football_League', 'summary': "The North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) is an Australian rules football league in New South Wales , Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory . The league was formed in November 2010 , and its inaugural competition was in 2011 . It is a second division league , sitting below the national Australian Football League ( AFL ) and features the reserves teams of the region 's four AFL clubs playing alongside six non-AFL affiliated NEAFL senior teams ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Launceston Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Launceston_Football_Club', 'summary': 'The Launceston Football Club , nicknamed The Blues , is an Australian rules football club , located in the West Tamar suburb of Riverside , seven kilometres north of the Launceston CBD and currently play in the Tasmanian State League in Tasmania , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Blues', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Launceston , Tasmania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania', 'summary': "Launceston ( /ˈlɒnsɛstən/ ( listen ) or /ˈlɔːnsɛstən/ ( listen ) ) is a city in the north of Tasmania , Australia , at the junction of the North Esk and South Esk rivers where they become the Tamar River ( kanamaluka ) . With a population of 87,328 , Launceston is the second most populous city in Tasmania after the state capital , Hobart , and the twelfth-largest non-capital city in Australia . Settled by Europeans in March 1806 , Launceston is one of Australia 's oldest cities and it has many historic buildings . Like many places in Australia , it was named after a town in the United Kingdom - in this case , Launceston , Cornwall . Launceston also had the first use of anaesthetic in the Southern Hemisphere , it was the first Australian city to have underground sewers , and it was the first Australian city to be lit by hydroelectricity . The city has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons . Local government is split between the City of Launceston and the Meander Valley and West Tamar Councils ."}]}, {'value': 'Tasmanian Football League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tasmanian_Football_League', 'summary': "The Tasmanian State League ( TSL ) , colloquially known as the Tasmanian Football League ( TFL ) ( formerly known as the Tasmanian Australian National Football League ( TANFL ) and several other short-term names ) is the highest ranked Australian rules football league in Tasmania , Australia . The league has a long and convoluted history which dates back to its founding on 12 June 1879 ( giving it some claim to the title of the third oldest club football league in the world ) , but the name TFL ( also the state 's football governing body ) was removed after it was liquidated with crushing debts in February 1999 and replaced by an independent commission ( Football Tasmania ) and the competition was renamed the Tasmanian State Football League ( 1999 ) and the SWL ( 2000 ) until the number of clubs in financial difficulty made the league unsustainable and it collapsed in December 2000 . After long negotiations and discussions it was reinstated as a ten club competition in 2009 . The League is commercially known as the RACT Insurance Tasmanian State League under a naming-rights sponsorship agreement with RACT Insurance in Hobart ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morningside Australian Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morningside_Australian_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Morningside Australian Football Club , also known as the Morningside Panthers , is an Australian rules football club based at Jack Esplen Oval in the suburb of Hawthorne in Brisbane . The club consists of Masters , Amateurs , Women 's , Junior and Senior football sections . Its senior team competed in the North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) competition in 2011-14 and now is a member club of the Queensland Australian Football League . Its junior sides compete in the AFL Brisbane Juniors ( AFLBJ ) competition . The club also caters for young girls and boys by running Auskick skills clinics , which are held at the beginning of the season and do not involve competitive games . Morningside Football Club has operated successfully as a football club in Brisbane for over 50 years and is one of the most widely recognised Queensland based AFL clubs within Australia . It developed from the Hawthorne Juniors club which was founded in 1931 ."}]}, {'value': 'Panthers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hawthorne , Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hawthorne,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Hawthorne is suburb of Brisbane , Australia , located 3 kilometres ( 1.9 mi ) east of the CBD .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Queensland', 'summary': "Queensland ( locally /ˈkwiːnzlænd/ KWEENZ-land , [ note 1 ] abbreviated as Qld ) is the second-largest and third-most populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia . Situated in the north-east of the country , it is bordered by the Northern Territory , South Australia and New South Wales to the west , south-west and south respectively . To the east , Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean . To its north is the Torres Strait , with Papua New Guinea located less than 200 km across it from the mainland . The state is the world 's sixth-largest sub-national entity , with an area of 1,852,642 square kilometres ( 715,309 sq mi ) . As of 15 May 2018 , Queensland had a population of 5,000,000 , concentrated along the coast and particularly in the state 's South East . The capital and largest city in the state is Brisbane , Australia 's third-largest city . Often referred to as the Sunshine State , Queensland is home to 10 of Australia 's 30 largest cities and is the nation 's third-largest economy . Tourism in the state , fuelled largely by its warm climate , is a major industry . Queensland was first inhabited by Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders . The first European to land in Queensland ( and Australia ) was Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606 , who explored the west coast of the Cape York Peninsula near present-day Weipa . In 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia for the Kingdom of Great Britain ."}]}, {'value': 'NEAFL Northern Conference', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_East_Australian_Football_League', 'summary': "The North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) is an Australian rules football league in New South Wales , Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory . The league was formed in November 2010 , and its inaugural competition was in 2011 . It is a second division league , sitting below the national Australian Football League ( AFL ) and features the reserves teams of the region 's four AFL clubs playing alongside six non-AFL affiliated NEAFL senior teams ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011 - 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Gravatt Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Gravatt_Football_Club', 'summary': 'Mount Gravatt Australian Football Club , is a Brisbane based club which competed in the North East Australian Football League competition from 2011-2013 and as of 2014 is a member club of the Queensland Australian Football League. , formed in 1964 .'}]}, {'value': 'Vultures', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Gravatt , Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Gravatt,_Queensland', 'summary': "Mount Gravatt is the name of both a suburb of Brisbane , Queensland , Australia and a prominent hill in this suburb . The suburb is situated in the south-east of the city and was one of Brisbane 's largest . This was before it was divided into Mount Gravatt East , Upper Mount Gravatt and Mount Gravatt South ; the last being changed to Wishart in the early 1990s . At the 2016 Australian Census , the suburb recorded a population of 3,366 ."}]}, {'value': 'NEAFL Northern Conference', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_East_Australian_Football_League', 'summary': "The North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) is an Australian rules football league in New South Wales , Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory . The league was formed in November 2010 , and its inaugural competition was in 2011 . It is a second division league , sitting below the national Australian Football League ( AFL ) and features the reserves teams of the region 's four AFL clubs playing alongside six non-AFL affiliated NEAFL senior teams ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Adelaide Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Adelaide_Football_Club', 'summary': "North Adelaide Football Club , nicknamed The Roosters , is an Australian rules football club affiliated with the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . The club plays its home games at Prospect Oval , located in Prospect , a northern suburb of Adelaide . The club was formed in 1888 as the Medindie Football Club , changing its name to North Adelaide in 1893 . North Adelaide 's first premiership was won in 1900 , and the club has won a total of fourteen senior premierships in the SANFL , most recently in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Roosters', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Adelaide , South Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Adelaide', 'summary': 'North Adelaide is a predominantly residential precinct and suburb of the City of Adelaide in South Australia , situated north of the River Torrens and within the Adelaide Park Lands .'}, {'url': '/wiki/South_Australia', 'summary': "South Australia ( abbreviated as SA ) is a state in the southern central part of Australia . It covers some of the most arid parts of the country . With a total land area of 983,482 square kilometres ( 379,725 sq mi ) , it is the fourth-largest of Australia 's states and territories by area , and fifth largest by population . It has a total of 1.7 million people , and its population is the second most highly centralised in Australia , after Western Australia , with more than 77 percent of South Australians living in the capital , Adelaide , or its environs . Other population centres in the state are relatively small ; Mount Gambier , the second largest centre , has a population of 28,684 . South Australia shares borders with all of the other mainland states , and with the Northern Territory ; it is bordered to the west by Western Australia , to the north by the Northern Territory , to the north-east by Queensland , to the east by New South Wales , to the south-east by Victoria , and to the south by the Great Australian Bight . The state comprises less than 8 percent of the Australian population and ranks fifth in population among the six states and two territories . The majority of its people reside in greater Metropolitan Adelaide . Most of the remainder are settled in fertile areas along the south-eastern coast and River Murray . The state 's colonial origins are unique in Australia as a freely settled , planned British province , rather than as a convict settlement . Colonial government commenced on 28 December 1836 , when the members of the council were sworn in near the Old Gum Tree . [ citation needed ] As with the rest of the continent , the region has a long history of human occupation by numerous tribes and languages ."}]}, {'value': 'South Australian National Football League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SANFL', 'summary': "The South Australian National Football League , or SANFL ( /ˈsænfəl/ or S-A-N-F-L ) , is an Australian rules football league based in the Australian state of South Australia . It is also the governing body for the sport of Australian rules football in South Australia . Originally formed as the South Australian Football Association on 30 April 1877 , the SANFL is the oldest surviving football league of any code in Australia and one of the oldest football competitions in the world , forming just a few years after the United Hospitals Challenge Cup ( 1874 ) , the oldest rugby football competition , and over a decade before The Football League , although later than the FA Cup ( soccer ) . Consisting of a single division competition , since 2014 the season has been an 18-round home-and-away ( regular ) season from April to September . The top five teams play-off in a final series culminating in the grand final for the Thomas Seymour Hill Premiership Trophy . The grand final had traditionally been held at Football Park in October , generally the week after the AFL Grand Final , though this was altered ahead of the 2014 season resulting in Adelaide Oval hosting the grand final in the penultimate weekend of September . The league owned the sub-licences for South Australia 's two AFL clubs - Adelaide Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club until March 2014 , when South Australian Football Commission reached an agreement with the Adelaide and Port Adelaide football clubs - endorsed by the AFL - which will see the two AFL licences transferred to the clubs in return for payments totalling more than $ 18 million . The league is also responsible for the management of all levels of football in the state . This includes junior football , country football , amateur football and specific programs rolled out across schools , indigenous communities ( including the APY Lands in the state 's north ) and newly arrived migrant communities . The SANFL owns Football Park , formerly the largest stadium in South Australia . The stadium , which opened in 1974 , was primarily used for Australian Football League matches up until 2013 and had a capacity of over 51,000 prior to being demolished . The stadium was the headquarters for the league from 1974-2013 ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Ballarat Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Ballarat_Football_Club', 'summary': 'North Ballarat Football & Netball Club , nicknamed The Roosters , is an Australian rules football and netball club based at Mars Stadium in Ballarat . The club currently fields senior , reserve and Under 19 sides in the Ballarat Football League . Between 1996 and 2017 , North Ballarat competed in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Roosters', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ballarat , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ballarat', 'summary': "Ballarat /ˈbæləˌræt/ is a city located on the Yarrowee River in the Central Highlands of Victoria , Australia . The city has a population of 105,471 . In terms of population Ballarat is the third largest inland city in Australia . Just months after Victoria was granted separation from the state of New South Wales , the Victorian gold rush transformed Ballarat from a small sheep station to a major settlement . Gold was discovered on 18 August 1851 , and news quickly spread of rich alluvial fields where gold could easily be extracted . Unlike many other gold boom towns , the Ballarat fields experienced sustained high gold yields for many decades , which can be evidenced to this day in the city 's rich architecture . The city is famous for the 1854 tax-revolt known as the Eureka Rebellion . In response to this event the first male suffrage in Australia was instituted and as such Eureka is interpreted by some as the origin of democracy in Australia . The rebellion 's symbol , the Eureka Flag , has become a national symbol and is held at the Museum of Australian Democracy at Eureka in Ballarat . Proclaimed a city in 1871 , its prosperity continued until late in the 19th century , after which its importance relative to both Melbourne and Geelong rapidly faded with the slowing of gold extraction . It has endured as a major regional centre hosting the rowing and kayaking events from the 1956 Summer Olympics . It is the commercial capital of the Central Highlands and its largest city , as well as a significant tourist destination ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)', 'summary': "Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne ."}]}, {'value': 'Victorian Football League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victorian_Football_League', 'summary': "The Victorian Football League ( VFL ) is the major state-level Australian rules football league in Victoria . The league evolved from the former Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , and has been known by its current name since 1996 . For historical purposes , the present VFL is sometimes referred to as the VFA/VFL , to distinguish it from the present day Australian Football League , which was known until 1990 as the Victorian Football League and is sometimes referred to as the VFL/AFL . The VFA was formed in 1877 and is the second-oldest Australian rules football league , replacing the loose affiliation of clubs that had been the hallmark of the early years of the game . Initially serving a primarily administrative function , the VFA premiership served as the top level of club competition in Victoria until 1896 . The VFA became the secondary level of club competition from 1897 after its eight strongest clubs seceded to form the VFL . From 1897 until 1995 , the VFA remained independent from the VFL as Victoria 's secondary senior club competition . Although always much less popular than the VFL/AFL , the VFA enjoyed peaks of popularity in the 1940s with a faster-paced rival code of rules , and in the 1970s bolstered by playing on Sundays at a time when the VFL was played solely on Saturdays . Since 1995 , the league has been administered by AFL Victoria ( and its predecessors ) , and serves as one of the second-tier regional Australian semi-professional competitions which sits underneath the fully professional Australian Football League . From the 2018 season it will comprise 15 teams from throughout Victoria , nine of which have a continuous VFA heritage . Since 2000 , the VFL has served partially as a reserves competition for the AFL , with some Victorian-based clubs fielding their reserves teams in the VFL and others affiliated such that their reserves player can play in VFL teams . AFL Victoria also operates a women 's football competition under the Victorian Football League brand , known as the VFL Women 's , which was established in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northern Bullants Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Blues', 'summary': 'Northern Blues Football Club is a long-established Australian rules football club based in Preston and currently playing in the Victorian Football League . The Northern Blues are affiliated with the Carlton Blues in the AFL , and play their home games at the Preston City Oval and Ikon Park . The club was established in 1882 as the Preston Football Club . The club participated in the VFA between 1903 and 1912 , and then since 1926 . After World War II , the club was known as the Bullants , and wore a plain red guernsey with a white monogram . The club later became the Northern Bullants . Ahead of the 2012 season , the club adopted the colours and nickname of its AFL-affiliate ; to become the Northern Blues . In 2013 the third open age team affiliated with the Victorian Amateur Football Association began and in 2016 reverted to the name Preston Bullants .'}]}, {'value': 'Bullants', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Preston , Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Preston,_Victoria', 'summary': 'Preston is a suburb of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia , 9 km north from the Melbourne central business district . Its local government area is the City of Darebin . At the 2016 Census , Preston had a population of 32,851 .'}]}, {'value': 'Victorian Football League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victorian_Football_League', 'summary': "The Victorian Football League ( VFL ) is the major state-level Australian rules football league in Victoria . The league evolved from the former Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , and has been known by its current name since 1996 . For historical purposes , the present VFL is sometimes referred to as the VFA/VFL , to distinguish it from the present day Australian Football League , which was known until 1990 as the Victorian Football League and is sometimes referred to as the VFL/AFL . The VFA was formed in 1877 and is the second-oldest Australian rules football league , replacing the loose affiliation of clubs that had been the hallmark of the early years of the game . Initially serving a primarily administrative function , the VFA premiership served as the top level of club competition in Victoria until 1896 . The VFA became the secondary level of club competition from 1897 after its eight strongest clubs seceded to form the VFL . From 1897 until 1995 , the VFA remained independent from the VFL as Victoria 's secondary senior club competition . Although always much less popular than the VFL/AFL , the VFA enjoyed peaks of popularity in the 1940s with a faster-paced rival code of rules , and in the 1970s bolstered by playing on Sundays at a time when the VFL was played solely on Saturdays . Since 1995 , the league has been administered by AFL Victoria ( and its predecessors ) , and serves as one of the second-tier regional Australian semi-professional competitions which sits underneath the fully professional Australian Football League . From the 2018 season it will comprise 15 teams from throughout Victoria , nine of which have a continuous VFA heritage . Since 2000 , the VFL has served partially as a reserves competition for the AFL , with some Victorian-based clubs fielding their reserves teams in the VFL and others affiliated such that their reserves player can play in VFL teams . AFL Victoria also operates a women 's football competition under the Victorian Football League brand , known as the VFL Women 's , which was established in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northern Territory Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Territory_Football_Club', 'summary': 'Northern Territory Football Club , nicknamed NT Thunder , was a Northern Territory-based Australian rules football club that competed in the North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) between 2011 and 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Thunder', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darwin , Northern Territory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory', 'summary': "Darwin ( /ˈdɑːrwɪn/ ( listen ) DAR-win ) is the capital city of the Northern Territory of Australia , situated on the Timor Sea . It is the largest city in the sparsely populated Northern Territory , with a population of 148,564 . It is the smallest , wettest and most northerly of the Australian capital cities , and acts as the Top End 's regional centre . Darwin 's proximity to South East Asia makes it a link between Australia and countries such as Indonesia and East Timor . The Stuart Highway begins in Darwin , extends southerly across central Australia through Tennant Creek and Alice Springs , concluding in Port Augusta , South Australia . The city is built upon a low bluff overlooking the harbour . Its suburbs begin at Lee Point in the north and stretch to Berrimah in the east . Past Berrimah , the Stuart Highway goes on to Darwin 's satellite city Palmerston and its suburbs . The Darwin region , like much of the Top End , experiences a tropical climate with a wet and dry season . A period known locally as the build up leading up to Darwin 's wet season sees temperature and humidity increase . Darwin 's wet season typically arrives in late November to early December and brings with it heavy monsoonal downpours , spectacular lightning displays , and increased cyclone activity . During the dry season , the city has clear skies and mild sea breezes from the harbour ."}]}, {'value': 'NEAFL Northern Conference NT representative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_East_Australian_Football_League', 'summary': "The North East Australian Football League ( NEAFL ) is an Australian rules football league in New South Wales , Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory . The league was formed in November 2010 , and its inaugural competition was in 2011 . It is a second division league , sitting below the national Australian Football League ( AFL ) and features the reserves teams of the region 's four AFL clubs playing alongside six non-AFL affiliated NEAFL senior teams ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Northern_Territory', 'summary': 'The Northern Territory ( NT ; formally the Northern Territory of Australia ) is an Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia . It shares borders with Western Australia to the west ( 129th meridian east ) , South Australia to the south ( 26th parallel south ) , and Queensland to the east ( 138th meridian east ) . To the north , the territory looks out to the Timor Sea , the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria , including Western New Guinea and other Indonesian islands . The NT covers 1,349,129 square kilometres ( 520,902 sq mi ) , making it the third-largest Australian federal division , and the 11th-largest country subdivision in the world . It is sparsely populated , with a population of only 245,800 , fewer than half as many people as Tasmania . The archaeological history of the Northern Territory begins over 40,000 years ago when Indigenous Australians settled the region . Makassan traders began trading with the indigenous people of the Northern Territory for trepang from at least the 18th century onwards . The coast of the territory was first seen by Europeans in the 17th century . The British were the first Europeans to attempt to settle the coastal regions . After three failed attempts to establish a settlement ( 1824-28 , 1838-49 , and 1864-66 ) , success was achieved in 1869 with the establishment of a settlement at Port Darwin . Today the economy is based on tourism , especially Kakadu National Park in the Top End and the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park ( Ayers Rock ) in central Australia , and mining . The capital and largest city is Darwin .'}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011 - 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norwood Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norwood_Football_Club', 'summary': 'Norwood Football Club , nicknamed the Redlegs , is an Australian rules football club competing in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) in the state of South Australia . Its home ground is Coopers Stadium ( Norwood Oval ) , which often referred to as The Parade . It is one of the two traditional powerhouse clubs of the SANFL , the other being Port Adelaide , who together have won half of all SANFL premierships ( see Port Adelaide-Norwood SANFL rivalry ) . The club has won 30 SANFL premierships and 1 SANFLW premiership .'}]}, {'value': 'Redlegs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norwood , South Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norwood,_South_Australia', 'summary': 'Norwood is a suburb of Adelaide , about 4 km east of the Adelaide city centre . The suburb is in the City of Norwood Payneham & St Peters , the oldest South Australian local government municipality , [ citation needed ] with a city population over 34,000 .'}]}, {'value': 'South Australian National Football League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SANFL', 'summary': "The South Australian National Football League , or SANFL ( /ˈsænfəl/ or S-A-N-F-L ) , is an Australian rules football league based in the Australian state of South Australia . It is also the governing body for the sport of Australian rules football in South Australia . Originally formed as the South Australian Football Association on 30 April 1877 , the SANFL is the oldest surviving football league of any code in Australia and one of the oldest football competitions in the world , forming just a few years after the United Hospitals Challenge Cup ( 1874 ) , the oldest rugby football competition , and over a decade before The Football League , although later than the FA Cup ( soccer ) . Consisting of a single division competition , since 2014 the season has been an 18-round home-and-away ( regular ) season from April to September . The top five teams play-off in a final series culminating in the grand final for the Thomas Seymour Hill Premiership Trophy . The grand final had traditionally been held at Football Park in October , generally the week after the AFL Grand Final , though this was altered ahead of the 2014 season resulting in Adelaide Oval hosting the grand final in the penultimate weekend of September . The league owned the sub-licences for South Australia 's two AFL clubs - Adelaide Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club until March 2014 , when South Australian Football Commission reached an agreement with the Adelaide and Port Adelaide football clubs - endorsed by the AFL - which will see the two AFL licences transferred to the clubs in return for payments totalling more than $ 18 million . The league is also responsible for the management of all levels of football in the state . This includes junior football , country football , amateur football and specific programs rolled out across schools , indigenous communities ( including the APY Lands in the state 's north ) and newly arrived migrant communities . The SANFL owns Football Park , formerly the largest stadium in South Australia . The stadium , which opened in 1974 , was primarily used for Australian Football League matches up until 2013 and had a capacity of over 51,000 prior to being demolished . The stadium was the headquarters for the league from 1974-2013 ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013 - 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Port Adelaide Football Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Adelaide_Football_Club_(SANFL)', 'summary': "Port Adelaide Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club based in Alberton , Port Adelaide , South Australia . The club 's senior team plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Power , whilst its reserves team competes in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Magpies . Port Adelaide is the oldest professional sporting club in South Australia and the fifth-oldest club in the AFL . Since the club 's founding on 12 May 1870 , the club has won 36 South Australian league premierships , including six in a row . The club also won the Champions of Australia competition on a record four occasions . After successfully winning an AFL licence in 1994 the club began competing in the Australian Football League in 1997 as the only pre-existing non-Victorian club - and has subsequently added the 2004 AFL premiership to its achievements ."}]}, {'value': 'Magpies', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alberton , South Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alberton,_South_Australia', 'summary': 'Alberton is a metropolitan suburb in Adelaide , South Australia , about 20 minutes drive from the city . Part of the City of Port Adelaide Enfield , it is bordered by the suburbs of Rosewater , Queenstown , Cheltenham and Port Adelaide .'}]}, {'value': 'South Australian National Football League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SANFL', 'summary': "The South Australian National Football League , or SANFL ( /ˈsænfəl/ or S-A-N-F-L ) , is an Australian rules football league based in the Australian state of South Australia . It is also the governing body for the sport of Australian rules football in South Australia . Originally formed as the South Australian Football Association on 30 April 1877 , the SANFL is the oldest surviving football league of any code in Australia and one of the oldest football competitions in the world , forming just a few years after the United Hospitals Challenge Cup ( 1874 ) , the oldest rugby football competition , and over a decade before The Football League , although later than the FA Cup ( soccer ) . Consisting of a single division competition , since 2014 the season has been an 18-round home-and-away ( regular ) season from April to September . The top five teams play-off in a final series culminating in the grand final for the Thomas Seymour Hill Premiership Trophy . The grand final had traditionally been held at Football Park in October , generally the week after the AFL Grand Final , though this was altered ahead of the 2014 season resulting in Adelaide Oval hosting the grand final in the penultimate weekend of September . The league owned the sub-licences for South Australia 's two AFL clubs - Adelaide Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club until March 2014 , when South Australian Football Commission reached an agreement with the Adelaide and Port Adelaide football clubs - endorsed by the AFL - which will see the two AFL licences transferred to the clubs in return for payments totalling more than $ 18 million . The league is also responsible for the management of all levels of football in the state . This includes junior football , country football , amateur football and specific programs rolled out across schools , indigenous communities ( including the APY Lands in the state 's north ) and newly arrived migrant communities . The SANFL owns Football Park , formerly the largest stadium in South Australia . The stadium , which opened in 1974 , was primarily used for Australian Football League matches up until 2013 and had a capacity of over 51,000 prior to being demolished . The stadium was the headquarters for the league from 1974-2013 ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011 - 2012', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'List of participants', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Foxtel_Cup_1', 'intro': "The Leagues Championship Cup, officially branded under the sponsor's name as the Foxtel Cup, was an annual Australian rules football club knockout cup competition involving clubs from the various state league competitions from around Australia. The tournament was organised by the Australian Football League (AFL), and was held annually between 2011 and 2014. The competition was first held in 2011, featuring sixteen teams from around the country who qualified based on their finishing positions in their previous state league season. In 2011 and 2012, matches were played mostly as curtain-raisers to AFL Saturday night games, or occasionally as a stand-alone game in the same timeslot; in 2013 and 2014, matches were mostly played as stand-alone games on Tuesday nights. In both cases, matches were televised on subscription television provider and competition naming rights sponsor Foxtel; and clubs played matches on or adjacent to bye weeks in their respective state league fixtures. Total annual prize money for the competition was about $250,000, with $40,000 going to the winner. Williamstown was the inaugural Foxtel Cup champions when they defeated Claremont by 21 points in the 2011 Grand Final. Claremont went one better the following year to become 2012 Foxtel Cup Champions defeating Werribee by 44 points. West Adelaide defeated East Fremantle by four points in the 2013 Grand Final. Williamstown won its second Foxtel Cup championship in 2014 by beating West Perth by 63 points."}	null	null	The club located in a suburb that is home to Trinity Theological College plays in a state league based where ?	Perth , Western Australia
0a23964e76957870	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_television_show_spoofs_in_Mad', 'title': 'List of television show spoofs in Mad', 'header': ['Spoofed Title', 'Actual Title', 'Writer', 'Artist', 'Issue', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Buried with Children', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Married ... with Children ( April 1987-June 1997 ) ( Genre : Sitcom ) ( Broadcaster : FOX )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Married..._with_Children', 'summary': "Married . with Children is an American television sitcom that aired on Fox , created by Michael G. Moye and Ron Leavitt . Originally broadcast from April 5 , 1987 to June 9 , 1997 , it is the longest-lasting live-action sitcom on Fox and the first to be broadcast in the network 's primetime slot . One episode was broadcast on FX on June 18 , 2002 . The show follows the suburban Chicago lives of Al Bundy , a once-glorious high school football player-turned-hard-luck women 's shoe salesman ; his lazy wife , Peggy ; their attractive , dumb and popular daughter , Kelly ; and their smart , horny and unpopular son , Bud . Their neighbors are the upwardly mobile Steve Rhoades and his wife Marcy , who later gets remarried to Jefferson D'Arcy , a white-collar criminal who becomes her trophy husband and Al 's sidekick . Most storylines involve Al 's schemes being foiled by his own cartoonish dim wit and bad luck . The series comprises 259 episodes and 11 seasons . Its theme song is Love and Marriage by Sammy Cahn and Jimmy Van Heusen , performed by Frank Sinatra from the 1955 television production Our Town . The first two seasons of the series were videotaped at ABC Television Center in Hollywood . From season three to season eight , the show was taped at Sunset Gower Studios in Hollywood , and the remaining three seasons were taped at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City . The series was produced by Embassy Communications during its first season and half of its second season and the remaining seasons by ELP Communications under the studio Columbia Pictures Television ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company', 'summary': "The Fox Broadcasting Company ( often shortened to Fox and stylized in all caps as FOX ) is an American broadcast television network that is a flagship property of the Fox Corporation . The network is headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City , with additional offices at the Fox Broadcasting Center ( also in New York ) and at the Fox Television Center in Los Angeles . Launched on October 9 , 1986 , as a competitor to the Big Three television networks ( ABC , CBS and NBC ) , Fox went on to become the most successful attempt at a fourth television network . It was the highest-rated network in the 18-49 demographic from 2004 to 2012 , and earned the position as the most-watched American television network in total viewership during the 2007-08 season . Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets , although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U.S. network . Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U.S.-based Fox affiliate , either free-to-air or through a pay television provider , although Fox 's National Football League broadcasts and most of its prime time programming are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations for pay television providers imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ) to protect rights held by domestically based networks . Fox is named after what was once called 20th Century Fox , its original corporate sibling ( and still its major supplier of programming , despite its acquisition by Disney ) and indirectly for producer William Fox , who founded one of the movie studio 's predecessors , Fox Film . Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters ."}]}, {'value': 'Dennis Snee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sam Viviano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sam_Viviano', 'summary': 'Sam Viviano ( born March 13 , 1953 in Detroit , Michigan ) is an American caricature artist and art director . Vivianos caricatures are known for their wide jaws , which Viviano has explained is a result of his incorporation of side views as well as front views into his distortions of the human face . He has also developed a reputation for his ability to do crowd scenes . Explaining his twice-yearly covers for Institutional Investor magazine , Viviano has said that his upper limit is sixty caricatures in nine days .'}]}, {'value': '292', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dorky Housecall , M.D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Doogie Howser , M.D . ( September 1989-July 1993 ) ( Genre : Medical comedy-drama ) ( Broadcaster : ABC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doogie_Howser,_M.D.', 'summary': 'Doogie Howser , M.D . is an American medical drama television series that ran for four seasons on ABC from September 19 , 1989 , to March 24 , 1993 , totaling 97 episodes . Created by Steven Bochco and David E. Kelley , the show stars Neil Patrick Harris in the title role as a teenage physician who balances the challenge of practicing medicine with the everyday problems of teenage life .'}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company', 'summary': "The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) is an American commercial broadcast radio and television network owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company . The network is headquartered in Burbank , California , on Riverside Drive , directly across the street from Walt Disney Studios and adjacent to the Roy E. Disney Animation Building . The network 's secondary offices , and headquarters of its news division , is in New York City , at its broadcast center at 77 West 66th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan . Since 2007 , when ABC Radio ( also known as Cumulus Media Networks ) was sold to Citadel Broadcasting , ABC has reduced its broadcasting operations almost exclusively to television . It is the fifth-oldest major broadcasting network in the world and the youngest of the Big Three television networks . ABC is nicknamed The Alphabet Network , as its initialism also represents the first three letters of the English alphabet , in order . ABC launched as a radio network on October 12 , 1943 , serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network , which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble . It extended its operations to television in 1948 , following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS and NBC . In the mid-1950s , ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres , a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures . Leonard Goldenson , who had been the head of UPT , made the new television network profitable by helping develop and greenlight many successful series . In the 1980s , after purchasing an 80 percent interest in cable sports channel ESPN , the network 's corporate parent , American Broadcasting Companies , Inc. , merged with Capital Cities Communications , owner of several print publications , and television and radio stations . In 1996 , most of Capital Cities/ABC 's assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company ."}]}, {'value': 'Dick DeBartolo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_DeBartolo', 'summary': "Dick DeBartolo ( born October 19 , 1945 ) is an American writer , most famous for writing for Mad . He is occasionally referred to as Mad 's Maddest Writer , this being a twist on Don Martin 's former status as Mad 's Maddest Artist . DeBartolo served as the magazine 's Creative Consultant from 1984 to 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Angelo Torres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelo_Torres', 'summary': 'Angelo Torres ( born April 14 , 1932 , in Santurce , Puerto Rico ) is an American cartoonist and caricaturist whose work has appeared in many comic books , as well as a long-running regular slot in Mad .'}]}, {'value': '294', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Empty Mess', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Empty Nest ( October 1988-April 1995 ) ( Genre : Sitcom ) ( Broadcaster : NBC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Empty_Nest', 'summary': "Empty Nest is an American sitcom television series that originally aired on NBC from October 8 , 1988 , to April 29 , 1995 . The series , which was created as a spin-off of The Golden Girls by creator and producer Susan Harris , starred Richard Mulligan as recently widowed pediatrician Dr. Harry Weston , whose two adult daughters return home to live with him . For its first three seasons , Empty Nest was one of the year 's top 10 most-watched programs . It was produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions in association with Touchstone Television . Empty Nest was part of NBC 's Saturday night block of programming , and during its first four seasons it aired at 9:30pm ET , directly following The Golden Girls ."}, {'url': '/wiki/NBC', 'summary': "The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) is an American English-language commercial terrestrial radio and television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal , a subsidiary of Comcast . The network is headquartered at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City , with additional major offices near Los Angeles ( at 10 Universal City Plaza ) , Chicago ( at the NBC Tower ) and Philadelphia ( at the Comcast Technology Center ) . The network is one of the Big Three television networks . NBC is sometimes referred to as the Peacock Network , in reference to its stylized peacock logo , introduced in 1956 to promote the company 's innovations in early color broadcasting . It became the network 's official emblem in 1979 . Founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America ( RCA ) , NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States . At that time the parent company of RCA was General Electric ( GE ) . In 1932 , GE was forced to sell RCA and NBC as a result of antitrust charges . In 1986 , control of NBC passed back to General Electric ( GE ) through its $ 6.4 billion purchase of RCA . GE immediately began to liquidate RCA 's various divisions , but retained NBC . Following the acquisition by GE , Bob Wright served as chief executive officer of NBC , remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007 , when he was succeeded by Jeff Zucker . In 2003 , French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE , forming NBC Universal ."}]}, {'value': 'Josh Gordon', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mort Drucker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mort_Drucker', 'summary': "Mort Drucker ( born March 22 , 1929 ) is an American caricaturist and comics artist best known as a contributor for over five decades in Mad , where he specialized in satires on the leading feature films and television series . In a 1985 Tonight Show appearance , when Johnny Carson asked Michael J . Fox , When did you really know you 'd made it in show business ? Fox replied , When Mort Drucker drew my head ."}]}, {'value': '294', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roach !', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coach ( February 1989-May 1997 ) ( Genre : Sports sitcom ) ( Broadcaster : ABC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coach_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Coach is an American sitcom that aired for nine seasons on ABC from February 28 , 1989 to May 14 , 1997 , with a total of 200 half-hour episodes . The series stars Craig T. Nelson as Hayden Fox , head coach of the fictional NCAA Division I-A Minnesota State University Screaming Eagles football team . For the last two seasons , Coach Fox and the supporting characters coached the Orlando Breakers , a fictional National Football League expansion team . The program also starred Jerry Van Dyke as Luther Van Dam and Bill Fagerbakke as Michael Dauber Dybinski , assistant coaches under Fox . The role of Hayden 's girlfriend ( and later wife ) Christine Armstrong , a television news anchor , was played by Shelley Fabares ."}]}, {'value': 'Stan Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stan_Hart', 'summary': 'Stan Hart ( September 12 , 1928 - July 27 , 2017 ) was an American comedy writer with many television credits . His work also appeared for decades in Mad . He was closely associated with another Mad writer , Larry Siegel ; though the two wrote separately for the magazine , both contributed to the off-Broadway musical The Mad Show , and later to The Carol Burnett Show ( for which they won multiple Emmy Awards ) . Hart retired and volunteered his time as a writing consultant with a performing arts school in Westchester County called the Youth Theatre Interactions , Inc. Hart died on July 27 , 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Angelo Torres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelo_Torres', 'summary': 'Angelo Torres ( born April 14 , 1932 , in Santurce , Puerto Rico ) is an American cartoonist and caricaturist whose work has appeared in many comic books , as well as a long-running regular slot in Mad .'}]}, {'value': '296', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': "America 's Phoniest Home Videos Visits Fool House", 'urls': []}, {'value': "America 's Funniest Home Videos ( Since November 1989 ) ( Genre : Reality ) ( Broadcaster : ABC ) and Full House ( September 1987-May 1995 ) ( Genre : Sitcom ) ( Broadcaster : ABC )", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/America's_Funniest_Home_Videos", 'summary': "America 's Funniest Home Videos ( abbreviated as AFV ) is an American video clip television series on ABC , which features humorous homemade videos that are submitted by viewers . The most common videos feature unintentional physical comedy , pets or children , and some staged pranks . Originally airing as a special in 1989 , it later debuted as a regular weekly series in 1990 . The show was hosted by Bob Saget for the 1989 special and the first eight seasons of the series incarnation . After Saget 's retirement from hosting in 1997 , John Fugelsang and Daisy Fuentes later took over as co-host for its ninth and tenth seasons . After two years of being shown as occasional specials , hosted by various actors and comedians such as D.L . Hughley and Richard Kind , ABC brought the series back on Friday nights in 2001 with new host Tom Bergeron , who has since become the series ' longest-serving host , hosting 15 seasons . Bergeron announced in 2014 that he would be leaving as host of the show , and Alfonso Ribeiro took over as host in 2015 . On October 29 , 2018 , ABC renewed AFV for two more seasons , bringing to its 30th ( which premiered on Sunday , September 29 , 2019 ) , and 31st seasons ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Full_House', 'summary': 'Full House is an American television sitcom created by Jeff Franklin for ABC . The show chronicles the events of widowed father Danny Tanner who enlists his brother-in-law Jesse Katsopolis and best friend Joey Gladstone to help raise his three daughters , oldest D.J. , middle child Stephanie and youngest Michelle in his San Francisco home . It aired from September 22 , 1987 to May 23 , 1995 , broadcasting eight seasons and 192 episodes . While never a critical favorite , the series was consistently in the Nielsen Top 30 ( from 1988 onward ) but continues to gain even more popularity in syndicated reruns and is also aired internationally . Its producer Rinsler called the show The Brady Bunch of the 1990s . For actor Dave Coulier , the show represented a G-rated dysfunctional family . It has also had tie-in merchandise marketed , such as a series of paperback books . A sequel series , Fuller House , premiered on Netflix on February 26 , 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Dick DeBartolo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_DeBartolo', 'summary': "Dick DeBartolo ( born October 19 , 1945 ) is an American writer , most famous for writing for Mad . He is occasionally referred to as Mad 's Maddest Writer , this being a twist on Don Martin 's former status as Mad 's Maddest Artist . DeBartolo served as the magazine 's Creative Consultant from 1984 to 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Mort Drucker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mort_Drucker', 'summary': "Mort Drucker ( born March 22 , 1929 ) is an American caricaturist and comics artist best known as a contributor for over five decades in Mad , where he specialized in satires on the leading feature films and television series . In a 1985 Tonight Show appearance , when Johnny Carson asked Michael J . Fox , When did you really know you 'd made it in show business ? Fox replied , When Mort Drucker drew my head ."}]}, {'value': '297', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MacGimmick', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MacGyver ( September 1985-May 1992 ) ( Genre : Action ) ( Broadcaster : ABC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MacGyver_(1985_TV_series)', 'summary': "MacGyver is an American action-adventure television series created by Lee David Zlotoff and starring Richard Dean Anderson as the title character . Henry Winkler and John Rich were the executive producers . The show ran for seven seasons on ABC in the United States and various other networks abroad from 1985 to 1992 . The series was filmed in Los Angeles during seasons one , two and seven , and in Vancouver during seasons three through six . The show 's final episode aired on April 25 , 1992 on ABC ( the network aired a previously unseen episode for the first time on May 21 , 1992 , but it was originally intended to air before the series finale ) . The series was a moderate ratings success and gained a loyal following . It was popular in the United States and around the world . Two television movies , MacGyver : Lost Treasure of Atlantis and MacGyver : Trail to Doomsday , aired on ABC in 1994 . A spin-off series , Young MacGyver , was planned in 2003 , but only the pilot was made . Merchandise for MacGyver includes games , toys , print media and an original audio series . A reboot series of the same name premiered on September 23 , 2016 on CBS , which today owns the rights to the series through its acquisition of the original Paramount Television ."}]}, {'value': 'Dick DeBartolo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_DeBartolo', 'summary': "Dick DeBartolo ( born October 19 , 1945 ) is an American writer , most famous for writing for Mad . He is occasionally referred to as Mad 's Maddest Writer , this being a twist on Don Martin 's former status as Mad 's Maddest Artist . DeBartolo served as the magazine 's Creative Consultant from 1984 to 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Angelo Torres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelo_Torres', 'summary': 'Angelo Torres ( born April 14 , 1932 , in Santurce , Puerto Rico ) is an American cartoonist and caricaturist whose work has appeared in many comic books , as well as a long-running regular slot in Mad .'}]}, {'value': '302', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stale Prince of Belch Air', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air ( September 1990-May 1996 ) ( Genre : Sitcom ) ( Broadcaster : NBC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Fresh_Prince_of_Bel-Air', 'summary': 'The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air is an American sitcom television series created by Quincy Jones , Andy and Susan Borowitz , that originally aired on NBC from September 10 , 1990 to May 20 , 1996 . The show stars Will Smith as a fictionalized version of himself , a street-smart teenager from West Philadelphia who is sent to move in with his wealthy uncle and aunt in their Bel Air mansion after getting into a fight in his hometown . In the series , his lifestyle often clashes with the lifestyle of his relatives in Bel Air . The series ran for six seasons and aired 148 episodes .'}]}, {'value': 'Stan Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stan_Hart', 'summary': 'Stan Hart ( September 12 , 1928 - July 27 , 2017 ) was an American comedy writer with many television credits . His work also appeared for decades in Mad . He was closely associated with another Mad writer , Larry Siegel ; though the two wrote separately for the magazine , both contributed to the off-Broadway musical The Mad Show , and later to The Carol Burnett Show ( for which they won multiple Emmy Awards ) . Hart retired and volunteered his time as a writing consultant with a performing arts school in Westchester County called the Youth Theatre Interactions , Inc. Hart died on July 27 , 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Mort Drucker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mort_Drucker', 'summary': "Mort Drucker ( born March 22 , 1929 ) is an American caricaturist and comics artist best known as a contributor for over five decades in Mad , where he specialized in satires on the leading feature films and television series . In a 1985 Tonight Show appearance , when Johnny Carson asked Michael J . Fox , When did you really know you 'd made it in show business ? Fox replied , When Mort Drucker drew my head ."}]}, {'value': '303', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Major Dud', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Major Dad ( September 1989-April 1993 ) ( Genre : Sitcom ) ( Broadcaster : CBS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Major_Dad', 'summary': 'Major Dad is an American sitcom television series created by Richard C. Okie and John G. Stephens , developed by Earl Pomerantz , that originally ran from September 17 , 1989 to May 17 , 1993 on CBS , starring Gerald McRaney as Major John D. MacGillis and Shanna Reed as his wife Polly . The cast also includes Beverly Archer , Matt Mulhern , Jon Cypher , Marisa Ryan , Nicole Dubuc , and Chelsea Hertford .'}, {'url': '/wiki/CBS', 'summary': "CBS ( an initialism of the network 's former name , the Columbia Broadcasting System ) is an American English-language commercial broadcast television and radio network that is the flagship property of the CBS Entertainment Group division of ViacomCBS . The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major production facilities and operations in New York City ( at the CBS Broadcast Center ) and Los Angeles ( at CBS Television City and the CBS Studio Center ) . CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network , in reference to the company 's trademark symbol , in use since 1951 . It has also been called the Tiffany Network , alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley . It can also refer to some of CBS 's first demonstrations of color television , which were held in a former Tiffany & Co. building in New York City in 1950 . The network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. , a collection of 16 radio stations purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System . Under Paley 's guidance , CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States , and eventually one of the Big Three American broadcast television networks . In 1974 CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS , Inc . The Westinghouse Electric Corporation acquired the network in 1995 , renamed its corporate entity to the current CBS Broadcasting , Inc. in 1997 , and eventually adopted the name of the company it had acquired to become CBS Corporation . In 2000 CBS came under the control of the first Viacom , which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971 . In late 2005 , Viacom split itself into two separate companies and re-established CBS Corporation through the spin-off of its broadcast television , radio , and select cable television and non-broadcasting assets , with the CBS television network at its core . CBS Corporation was controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements , which also controlled the second Viacom until December 4 , 2019 , when the two separated companies agreed to re-merge to become the new single entity known as ViacomCBS ."}]}, {'value': 'Dick DeBartolo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_DeBartolo', 'summary': "Dick DeBartolo ( born October 19 , 1945 ) is an American writer , most famous for writing for Mad . He is occasionally referred to as Mad 's Maddest Writer , this being a twist on Don Martin 's former status as Mad 's Maddest Artist . DeBartolo served as the magazine 's Creative Consultant from 1984 to 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Angelo Torres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelo_Torres', 'summary': 'Angelo Torres ( born April 14 , 1932 , in Santurce , Puerto Rico ) is an American cartoonist and caricaturist whose work has appeared in many comic books , as well as a long-running regular slot in Mad .'}]}, {'value': '303', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Unsolved Miseries', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Unsolved Mysteries ( January 1987-April 2010 ) ( Genre : Documentary ) ( Broadcaster : NBC & CBS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Unsolved_Mysteries', 'summary': "Unsolved Mysteries is an American television series , created by John Cosgrove and Terry Dunn Meurer . Documenting cold cases and paranormal phenomena , it began as a series of seven specials , presented by Raymond Burr , Karl Malden , and Robert Stack , beginning on NBC on January 20 , 1987 , becoming a full-fledged series on October 5 , 1988 , hosted by Stack . After nine seasons on NBC , the series moved to CBS for its 10th season on November 13 , 1997 . After adding Virginia Madsen as a co-host during season 11 failed to boost slipping ratings , CBS canceled the series after only a two-season , 12-episode run on June 11 , 1999 . The series was revived by Lifetime in 2000 , with season 12 beginning on July 2 , 2001 . Unsolved Mysteries aired 103 episodes on Lifetime , before ending on September 20 , 2002 , an end that coincided with Stack 's illness and eventual death . After a six-year absence , the series was resurrected by Spike in 2007 , and began airing on October 13 , 2008 . This new , revived version was hosted by veteran actor Dennis Farina , who mainly tied together repackaged segments from the original episodes . Farina hosted 175 episodes before the series ended again on April 27 , 2010 . Cosgrove-Meurer Productions maintains a website for the show , featuring popular accounts and ongoing cold cases ( murder or missing persons ) , with a link to an online form should a viewer have information on an unsolved crime . As of 2017 , the show maintains a YouTube page where viewers can submit their own mysteries . If accepted , Unsolved Mysteries posts a video of the viewer describing the mystery ."}]}, {'value': 'Andrew J. Schwartzberg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jack Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_Davis_(cartoonist)', 'summary': 'John Burton Davis , Jr. ( December 2 , 1924 - July 27 , 2016 ) was an American cartoonist and illustrator , known for his advertising art , magazine covers , film posters , record album art and numerous comic book stories . He was one of the founding cartoonists for Mad in 1952 . His cartoon characters are characterized by extremely distorted anatomy , including big heads , skinny legs and large feet .'}]}, {'value': '304', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Father Jowly Miseries', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Father Dowling Mysteries ( November 1987-May 1991 ) ( Genre : Crime drama ) ( Broadcaster : NBC & ABC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Father_Dowling_Mysteries', 'summary': "Father Dowling Mysteries ( also known as Father Dowling Investigates in the United Kingdom ) is an American mystery television series that aired from January 20 , 1989 to May 2 , 1991 . Prior to the series , a TV movie aired on November 30 , 1987 . For its first season , the show was on NBC ; it moved to ABC for its last two seasons . The show features a Catholic priest , Father Dowling , who solves murders , abductions and other mysteries in his Chicago parish , assisted by a young streetwise nun , Sister Stephanie , in spite of hindrance by the bishop 's representative , Father Prestwick . The show is based on characters created by Ralph McInerny in a series of mystery novels ; but neither the pilot TV movie nor the subsequent regular season episodes are actual adaptations of any of McInerny 's stories . The show was also heavily influenced by the work of G.K. Chesterton 's Father Brown series . Many consider the series to be an Americanized version of Father Brown rather than an adaptation of McInerny 's works . When asked , few are aware that the series is not based on the Father Brown books , but on McInerny 's stories . The series was developed for television by Dean Hargrove and Joel Steiger , and produced by The Fred Silverman Company and Dean Hargrove Productions in association with Viacom Productions ."}]}, {'value': 'Dick DeBartolo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_DeBartolo', 'summary': "Dick DeBartolo ( born October 19 , 1945 ) is an American writer , most famous for writing for Mad . He is occasionally referred to as Mad 's Maddest Writer , this being a twist on Don Martin 's former status as Mad 's Maddest Artist . DeBartolo served as the magazine 's Creative Consultant from 1984 to 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Angelo Torres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelo_Torres', 'summary': 'Angelo Torres ( born April 14 , 1932 , in Santurce , Puerto Rico ) is an American cartoonist and caricaturist whose work has appeared in many comic books , as well as a long-running regular slot in Mad .'}]}, {'value': '305', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Familiar Matters', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Family Matters ( September 1989-July 1998 ) ( Genre : Sitcom ) ( Broadcaster : ABC & CBS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Family_Matters', 'summary': "Family Matters is an American television sitcom that originated on ABC from September 22 , 1989 to May 9 , 1997 , before moving to CBS from September 19 , 1997 to July 17 , 1998 . A spin-off of Perfect Strangers , the series revolves around the Winslow family , a middle-class African American family living in Chicago , Illinois . Midway through the first season , the show introduced the Winslows ' nerdy neighbor Steve Urkel ( Jaleel White ) , who quickly became its breakout character and eventually the show 's main character . Having run for nine seasons , Family Matters became the second longest-running non-animated U.S. sitcom with a predominantly African-American cast , behind only The Jeffersons ( 11 ) . Having aired 215 episodes , Family Matters is ranked third , behind only Tyler Perry 's House of Payne ( 254 ) , and The Jeffersons ( 253 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Dick DeBartolo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_DeBartolo', 'summary': "Dick DeBartolo ( born October 19 , 1945 ) is an American writer , most famous for writing for Mad . He is occasionally referred to as Mad 's Maddest Writer , this being a twist on Don Martin 's former status as Mad 's Maddest Artist . DeBartolo served as the magazine 's Creative Consultant from 1984 to 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Mort Drucker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mort_Drucker', 'summary': "Mort Drucker ( born March 22 , 1929 ) is an American caricaturist and comics artist best known as a contributor for over five decades in Mad , where he specialized in satires on the leading feature films and television series . In a 1985 Tonight Show appearance , when Johnny Carson asked Michael J . Fox , When did you really know you 'd made it in show business ? Fox replied , When Mort Drucker drew my head ."}]}, {'value': '307', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Snorin ' Exposure", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northern Exposure ( July 1990-July 1995 ) ( Genre : Comedy-drama ) ( Broadcaster : CBS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Exposure', 'summary': 'Northern Exposure is an American Northern comedy-drama television series about the eccentric residents of a fictional small town in Alaska , that ran on CBS from July 12 , 1990 , to July 26 , 1995 , with a total of 110 episodes . It received a total of 57 award nominations during its five-year run and won 27 , including the 1992 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series , two additional Primetime Emmy Awards , four Creative Arts Emmy Awards , and two Golden Globes . Critic John Leonard called Northern Exposure the best of the best television in the past 10 years .'}]}, {'value': 'Stan Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stan_Hart', 'summary': 'Stan Hart ( September 12 , 1928 - July 27 , 2017 ) was an American comedy writer with many television credits . His work also appeared for decades in Mad . He was closely associated with another Mad writer , Larry Siegel ; though the two wrote separately for the magazine , both contributed to the off-Broadway musical The Mad Show , and later to The Carol Burnett Show ( for which they won multiple Emmy Awards ) . Hart retired and volunteered his time as a writing consultant with a performing arts school in Westchester County called the Youth Theatre Interactions , Inc. Hart died on July 27 , 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Angelo Torres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelo_Torres', 'summary': 'Angelo Torres ( born April 14 , 1932 , in Santurce , Puerto Rico ) is an American cartoonist and caricaturist whose work has appeared in many comic books , as well as a long-running regular slot in Mad .'}]}, {'value': '308', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beverly Hills 911', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beverly Hills , 90210 ( October 1990-May 2000 ) ( Genre : Teen drama ) ( Broadcaster : FOX )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_90210', 'summary': "Beverly Hills , 90210 is an American teen drama television series created by Darren Star and produced by Aaron Spelling under his production company Spelling Television . The series ran for ten seasons on Fox from October 4 , 1990 , to May 17 , 2000 , and is the longest-running show produced by Spelling . It is the first of six television series in the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise and follows the lives of a group of friends living in the upscale and star-studded community of Beverly Hills , California , as they transition from high school to college and into the adult world . 90210 refers to one of the city 's five ZIP codes . The initial premise of the show was based on the adjustment and culture shock that twins Brandon ( Jason Priestley ) and Brenda Walsh ( Shannen Doherty ) experienced when they and their parents , Jim ( James Eckhouse ) and Cindy ( Carol Potter ) , moved from Minneapolis , Minnesota , to Beverly Hills , California . In addition to chronicling the characters ' friendships and romantic relationships , the show addressed topical issues such as sex , date rape , homophobia , animal rights , alcoholism , drug abuse , domestic violence , eating disorders , antisemitism , racism , teenage suicide , teenage pregnancy , and AIDS . After poor ratings during its first season , the series gained popularity during the summer of 1991 , when Fox aired a special summer season of the show while most other series were in reruns . Viewership increased dramatically , and 90210 became one of Fox 's top shows when it returned that fall . The show became a global pop culture phenomenon with its cast members , particularly Jason Priestley and Luke Perry , who became teen idols ; the series also made actresses Shannen Doherty and Jennie Garth household names in the US . The show is credited with creating or popularizing the teen soap genre that many other successful television shows followed in the years to come . The show had many cast changes ; Jennie Garth , Tori Spelling , Brian Austin Green , and Ian Ziering were the only actors to appear during its entire run and appeared on the first episode of Melrose Place . On February 27 , 2019 , it was announced that a six-episode reboot has been ordered by Fox and that the show would simply be titled BH90210 ."}]}, {'value': 'Dennis Snee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mort Drucker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mort_Drucker', 'summary': "Mort Drucker ( born March 22 , 1929 ) is an American caricaturist and comics artist best known as a contributor for over five decades in Mad , where he specialized in satires on the leading feature films and television series . In a 1985 Tonight Show appearance , when Johnny Carson asked Michael J . Fox , When did you really know you 'd made it in show business ? Fox replied , When Mort Drucker drew my head ."}]}, {'value': '309', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quandary Heap', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quantum Leap ( March 1989-May 1993 ) ( Genre : Science fiction ) ( Broadcaster : NBC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quantum_Leap', 'summary': "Quantum Leap is an American science-fiction television series created by Donald P. Bellisario , that originally aired on NBC for five seasons , from March 25 , 1989 through May 5 , 1993 . It starred Scott Bakula as Dr. Sam Beckett , a physicist who leaps through spacetime during an experiment in time travel , by temporarily taking the place of other people to correct historical mistakes . Dean Stockwell co-stars as Admiral Al Calavicci , Sam 's womanizing , cigar-smoking companion and best friend , who appears to him as a hologram . The series features a mix of humor , drama , romance , social commentary , and science fiction . The show was ranked number 19 on TV Guide 's Top Cult Shows Ever in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Dick DeBartolo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_DeBartolo', 'summary': "Dick DeBartolo ( born October 19 , 1945 ) is an American writer , most famous for writing for Mad . He is occasionally referred to as Mad 's Maddest Writer , this being a twist on Don Martin 's former status as Mad 's Maddest Artist . DeBartolo served as the magazine 's Creative Consultant from 1984 to 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Angelo Torres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelo_Torres', 'summary': 'Angelo Torres ( born April 14 , 1932 , in Santurce , Puerto Rico ) is an American cartoonist and caricaturist whose work has appeared in many comic books , as well as a long-running regular slot in Mad .'}]}, {'value': '309', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Love Corruption', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Love Connection ( September 1983-July 1994 ) ( Genre : Game show ) ( Broadcaster : Broadcast syndication )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Love_Connection', 'summary': 'Love Connection is an American television dating game show , hosted by Andy Cohen , in which singles attempt to connect with a compatible partner . Originally hosted by Chuck Woolery , the show debuted in syndication on September 19 , 1983 , and ended on July 1 , 1994 , after 2,120 shows . Reruns continued to air until September 8 , 1995 . The series was relaunched for one season in 1998 under the same title with Pat Bullard as host . In 2017 , the series returned on Fox with Andy Cohen hosting . This second revival ran for two seasons . Love Connection was produced by Eric Lieber Productions in association with and distributed by Telepictures ( 1983-1986 ) , Lorimar-Telepictures ( 1986-1989 ) , Lorimar Television ( 1989-1990 ) , and Warner Bros. Television ( 1989-1994 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Broadcast_syndication', 'summary': 'Broadcasting syndication is the license to broadcast television programs and radio programs by multiple television stations and radio stations , without going through a broadcast network . It is common in the United States where broadcast programming is scheduled by television networks with local independent affiliates . Syndication is less of a practice in the rest of the world , as most countries have centralized networks or television stations without local affiliates . Shows can be syndicated internationally , although this is less common . The three main types of syndication are first-run syndication , which is programming that is broadcast for the first time as a syndicated show and is made specifically to sell directly into syndication ; off-network syndication ( colloquially called a rerun ) , which is the licensing of a program that was originally run on network TV or in some cases , first-run syndication ; and public broadcasting syndication .'}]}, {'value': 'Dick DeBartolo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_DeBartolo', 'summary': "Dick DeBartolo ( born October 19 , 1945 ) is an American writer , most famous for writing for Mad . He is occasionally referred to as Mad 's Maddest Writer , this being a twist on Don Martin 's former status as Mad 's Maddest Artist . DeBartolo served as the magazine 's Creative Consultant from 1984 to 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Angelo Torres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelo_Torres', 'summary': 'Angelo Torres ( born April 14 , 1932 , in Santurce , Puerto Rico ) is an American cartoonist and caricaturist whose work has appeared in many comic books , as well as a long-running regular slot in Mad .'}]}, {'value': '310', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': '50/50', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20/20 ( Since June 1978 ) ( Genre : Newsmagazine ) ( Broadcaster : ABC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/20/20_(U.S._TV_series)', 'summary': "20/20 is an American television newsmagazine that has been broadcast on ABC since June 6 , 1978 . Created by ABC News executive Roone Arledge , the program was designed similarly to CBS 's 60 Minutes in that it features in-depth story packages , although it focuses more on human interest stories than international and political subjects . The program 's name derives from the 20/20 measurement of visual acuity . The two hour-long program has been a staple on Friday evenings ( currently airing at 9:00 p.m. Eastern Time ) for much of the time since it moved to that timeslot from Thursdays in September 1987 , though special editions of the program occasionally air on other nights . For most of its history , it was led into by ABC 's two-hour TGIF block of sitcoms . Since the fall of 2018 , it has shifted to a two-hour format highlighting true crime stories and celebrity scandals rather than the traditional investigative journalism associated with newsmagazines , following the same programming direction as same-night competitor Dateline NBC ."}]}, {'value': 'Charlie Kadau Joe Raiola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charlie_Kadau', 'summary': 'Charlie Kadau , is an American comedy writer and editor . Along with his writing partner , Joe Raiola , Kadau has been a member of the editorial staff of Mad magazine since 1985 and currently holds the title of Senior Editor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Joe_Raiola', 'summary': 'Joe Raiola ( born October 12 , 1955 ) is an American satirist , comedy writer and producer . He is known for his work in Mad magazine , where he was a member of the editorial staff and a frequent contributor for 33 years , through the end of 2017 when he retired as Senior Editor . He is also known for the Annual John Lennon Tribute in New York City , of which he is the co-creator and Executive Producer , and for his solo show , The Joy of Censorship . He is currently the President and Artistic Director of Theatre Within .'}]}, {'value': 'Mort Drucker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mort_Drucker', 'summary': "Mort Drucker ( born March 22 , 1929 ) is an American caricaturist and comics artist best known as a contributor for over five decades in Mad , where he specialized in satires on the leading feature films and television series . In a 1985 Tonight Show appearance , when Johnny Carson asked Michael J . Fox , When did you really know you 'd made it in show business ? Fox replied , When Mort Drucker drew my head ."}]}, {'value': '310', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gnome Improvement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Home Improvement ( September 1991-May 1999 ) ( Genre : Sitcom ) ( Broadcaster : ABC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Home_Improvement_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Home Improvement is an American television sitcom starring Tim Allen that aired on ABC from September 17 , 1991 to May 25 , 1999 with a total of 204 half-hour episodes spanning eight seasons . The series was created by Matt Williams , Carmen Finestra , and David McFadzean . In the 1990s , it was one of the most watched sitcoms in the United States , winning many awards . The series launched Tim Allen 's acting career and was the start of the television career of Pamela Anderson , who was part of the recurring cast for the first two seasons ."}]}, {'value': 'A.J . Marley', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Angelo Torres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelo_Torres', 'summary': 'Angelo Torres ( born April 14 , 1932 , in Santurce , Puerto Rico ) is an American cartoonist and caricaturist whose work has appeared in many comic books , as well as a long-running regular slot in Mad .'}]}, {'value': '311', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Evening Shame', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Evening Shade ( September 1990-May 1994 ) ( Genre : Sitcom ) ( Broadcaster : CBS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Evening_Shade', 'summary': "Evening Shade is an American sitcom television series that aired on CBS from September 21 , 1990 , to May 23 , 1994 . The series stars Burt Reynolds as Wood Newton , an ex-professional football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers , who returns to rural Evening Shade , Arkansas , to coach a high-school football team with a long losing streak . Reynolds personally requested to use the Steelers as his character 's former team , because he was a fan . The general theme of the show is the appeal of small-town life . Episodes often ended with a closing narration by Ossie Davis , as his character Ponder Blue , summing up the events of the episode , always closing with . in a place called Evening Shade . The opening segment included clips from around Arkansas , including the famous McClard 's Bar-B-Q , which is situated on Albert Pike Blvd . and South Patterson St. in Hot Springs National Park ."}]}, {'value': 'Dennis Snee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Angelo Torres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelo_Torres', 'summary': 'Angelo Torres ( born April 14 , 1932 , in Santurce , Puerto Rico ) is an American cartoonist and caricaturist whose work has appeared in many comic books , as well as a long-running regular slot in Mad .'}]}, {'value': '313', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American Radiators', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American Gladiators ( September 1989-May 1996 ) ( Genre : Game show ) ( Broadcaster : Broadcast syndication )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Gladiators_(1989_TV_series)', 'summary': "American Gladiators was an American competition television program that aired weekly in syndication from September 1989 to May 1996 . The series matched a cast of amateur athletes against each other , as well as against the show 's own gladiators , in contests of strength and agility . The concept was originally created in 1982 by Johnny C. Ferraro and Dan Carr . Carr gathered the Gladiators and hosted the show , and Ferraro financed and produced the original competition at Erie Tech High School in Erie , Pennsylvania so Ferraro could have the event on film as to shop the new creation . In 1983 Ferraro financed , developed and packaged the American Gladiators as a movie project . In 1984 Carr sold his interest in a literary purchase to Flor-Jon Films . Ferraro had been the main driving force behind the American Gladiators brand since 1982 . In 1987 , Flor-Jon Films then licensed the unscripted rights to The Samuel Goldwyn Company ( now part of MGM ) . Ferraro is the sole creator of the 1994 kids ' version of the series , Gladiators 2000 . Flor-Jon Films , Inc and the Samuel Goldwyn Co in 1993 granted a license to Chariot Entertainment in an effort to launch a live American Gladiators show on the Las Vegas Strip , but the president of Chariot became mired in a securities fraud prosecution , through no fault of Flor-Jon Films or The Samuel Goldwyn Co , and the live show went unrealized . Episodes from the original series were played on ESPN Classic from 2007 to 2009 . Several episodes are available for download on Apple 's iTunes Service ."}]}, {'value': 'Dick DeBartolo Andrew J. Schwartzberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_DeBartolo', 'summary': "Dick DeBartolo ( born October 19 , 1945 ) is an American writer , most famous for writing for Mad . He is occasionally referred to as Mad 's Maddest Writer , this being a twist on Don Martin 's former status as Mad 's Maddest Artist . DeBartolo served as the magazine 's Creative Consultant from 1984 to 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Al Jaffee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Al_Jaffee', 'summary': 'Allan Jaffee ( born Abraham Jaffee , March 13 , 1921 ) is an American cartoonist . He is notable for his work in the satirical magazine Mad , including his trademark feature , the Mad Fold-in . As of 2019 , Jaffee has been a regular contributor to the magazine for 64 years and is its longest-running contributor . In the half-century between April 1964 and April 2013 , only one issue of Mad was published without containing new material by Jaffee . In a 2010 interview , Jaffee said , Serious people my age are dead . In 2008 , Jaffee was honored by the Reuben Awards as the Cartoonist of the Year . New Yorker cartoonist Arnold Roth said , Al Jaffee is one of the great cartoonists of our time . Describing Jaffee , Peanuts creator Charles Schulz wrote , Al can cartoon anything . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '315', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Entertainment Too Light Visits In Livid Color', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Entertainment Tonight ( Since September 1981 ) ( Genre : Entertainment news ) ( Broadcaster : Broadcast syndication ) and In Living Color ( April 1990-May 1994 ) ( Genre : Sketch comedy ) ( Broadcaster : FOX )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight', 'summary': 'Entertainment Tonight ( or simply ET ) is an American first-run syndicated entertainment television newsmagazine that is distributed by CBS Television Distribution throughout the United States and owned by CBS Interactive .'}, {'url': '/wiki/In_Living_Color', 'summary': "In Living Color is an American sketch comedy television series that originally ran on Fox from April 15 , 1990 to May 19 , 1994 . Keenen Ivory Wayans created , wrote and starred in the program . The show was produced by Ivory Way Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television and was taped at stage 7 at the Fox Television Center on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood , California . The title of the series was inspired by the NBC announcement of broadcasts being presented in living color during the 1960s , prior to mainstream color television . It also refers to the fact that most of the show 's cast was black , unlike other sketch comedy shows such as Saturday Night Live , whose casts are mostly white . It was controversial due to the Wayans ' decision to portray black humor from the ghetto in a time when mainstream American tastes regarding black comedy had been set by more upscale shows such as The Cosby Show , causing an eventual feud for control between Fox executives and the Wayans . Other members of the Wayans family - Damon , Kim , Shawn , and Marlon - had regular roles , while brother Dwayne frequently appeared as an extra . The show also starred several previously unknown comedians and actors , including Jamie Foxx , Jim Carrey , Tommy Davidson , David Alan Grier , and T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh . The show introduced Jennifer Lopez and Carrie Ann Inaba as members of In Living Color 's dance troupe The Fly Girls , with actress Rosie Perez serving as choreographer . The show was immensely popular in its first two seasons , capturing more than a 10-point Nielsen rating ; in the third and fourth seasons , ratings faltered as the Wayans brothers fell out with Fox network leadership over creative control and rights . The series won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety , Music or Comedy Series in 1990 . The series gained international prominence for its bold move and its all-time high ratings gained by airing a live , special episode as a counterprogram for the halftime show of U.S. leader CBS 's live telecast of Super Bowl XXVI , prompting the National Football League to book A-list acts for future game entertainment , starting with Michael Jackson the following year ."}]}, {'value': 'A. J. Marley', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sam Viviano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sam_Viviano', 'summary': 'Sam Viviano ( born March 13 , 1953 in Detroit , Michigan ) is an American caricature artist and art director . Vivianos caricatures are known for their wide jaws , which Viviano has explained is a result of his incorporation of side views as well as front views into his distortions of the human face . He has also developed a reputation for his ability to do crowd scenes . Explaining his twice-yearly covers for Institutional Investor magazine , Viviano has said that his upper limit is sixty caricatures in nine days .'}]}, {'value': '317', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 1993', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'TV shows spoofs list -- 1990s', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_television_show_spoofs_in_Mad_4', 'intro': "A typical issue of Mad magazine will include at least one full parody of a popular movie or television show. The titles are changed to create a play on words; for instance, The Addams Family became The Adnauseum Family. The character names are generally switched in the same fashion. These articles typically cover five pages or more, and are presented as a sequential storyline with caricatures and word balloons. The opening page or two-page splash usually consists of the cast of the show introducing themselves directly to the reader; in some parodies, the writers sometimes attempt to circumvent this convention by presenting the characters without such direct exposition. Many parodies end with the abrupt deus ex machina appearance of outside characters or pop culture figures who are similar in nature to the movie or TV series being parodied, or who comment satirically on the theme. For example, Dr. Phil arrives to counsel the Desperate Housewives, or the cast of Sex and the City show up as the new hookers on Deadwood. The parodies frequently make comedic use of the fourth wall, breaking character, and meta-references. Within an ostensibly self-contained storyline, the characters may refer to the technical aspects of filmmaking, the publicity, hype, or box office surrounding their project, their own past roles, any clichés being used, and so on. Several show business stars have been quoted to the effect that the moment when they knew they'd finally made it was when they saw themselves thus depicted in the pages of Mad. The following list of all the TV show spoofs in Mad Magazine is ordered by the decades in which they were produced."}	null	null	What is the date of the genuine title that become a legitimate series on October 5 , 1988 ?	July 1991
0a247240b22db136	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Smith_(games_programmer)', 'title': 'Jonathan Smith (games programmer)', 'header': ['Title', 'Developer', 'Publisher', 'Year', 'Platform'], 'data': [{'value': 'Airlock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Airlock', 'summary': 'An airlock is a device which permits the passage of people and objects between a pressure vessel and its surroundings while minimizing the change of pressure in the vessel and loss of air from it . The lock consists of a small chamber with two airtight doors in series which do not open simultaneously . An airlock may be used for passage between environments of different gases rather than different pressures , to minimize or prevent the gases from mixing . An airlock may also be used underwater to allow passage between an air environment in a pressure vessel and the water environment outside , in which case the airlock can contain air or water . This is called a floodable airlock or an underwater airlock , and is used to prevent water from entering a submersible vessel or an underwater habitat .'}]}, {'value': 'Rage Software', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rage_Software', 'summary': "Rage Games ( formerly Rage Software ) was a British video game developer . Formed in Liverpool in 1992 , its video games were marked by an emphasis on graphical effects with arcade gameplay . Rage 's first title Striker sold more than one million copies throughout its two-year life cycle and established Rage as a major creative force in the interactive entertainment industry . The company went through rapid expansion in the 1990s and partnered with multiple third party software publishers for distribution of its titles . Rage Games Limited was floated on the stock exchange in 1996 as Rage Software plc . Rage continued to form commercial partnerships with major publishing houses , including Microsoft , Intel , Dell , Compaq , Nintendo , Sony and Sega , and re-registered as a private company as Rage Software Limited in 1999 . In 2000 , Rage began to expand into publishing . However , the costs of publishing and a run of games that did not sell as expected ( most notably the David Beckham franchise ) eventually led to the company closing in January 2003 due to bankruptcy . At its peak , it had offices in Liverpool , Birmingham , Sheffield , Newcastle , Bristol , Dundee and Warrington . Some of the former development staff have formed other game development companies such as Swordfish Studios in Birmingham , Juice Games in Warrington and Venom Games in Newcastle ."}]}, {'value': 'Orange Multimedia', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WAP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol', 'summary': "Wireless Application Protocol ( WAP ) is a technical standard for accessing information over a mobile wireless network . A WAP browser is a web browser for mobile devices such as mobile phones that uses the protocol . Introduced in 1999 , WAP achieved some popularity in the early 2000s , but by the 2010s it had been largely superseded by more modern standards . Most modern handset internet browsers now fully support HTML , so they do not need to use WAP markup for web page compatibility , and therefore , most are no longer able to render and display pages written in WML , WAP 's markup language . Before the introduction of WAP , mobile service providers had limited opportunities to offer interactive data services , but needed interactivity to support Internet and Web applications such as email , stock prices , news and sports headlines . The Japanese i-mode system offered another major competing wireless data protocol ."}]}, {'value': 'All Star Baseball 2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Acclaim Studios Manchester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Acclaim_Studios_Manchester', 'summary': "Acclaim Studios Manchester ( formerly Software Creations ) was a British video game developer based in Manchester , England . The company was established in 1985 by Richard Kay . They were primarily known for their video games based on movie and comic licences like Marvel Comics , Cutthroat Island , Disney 's Beauty and the Beast and the original titles Plok , Solstice , and its sequel Equinox ."}]}, {'value': 'Acclaim Entertainment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Acclaim_Entertainment', 'summary': 'Acclaim Entertainment , Inc. was an American video game developer and publisher based in Glen Cove , New York . Originally formed by Greg Fischbach , Robert Holmes and Jim Scoroposki out of an Oyster Bay storefront in 1987 , the company established a worldwide development team through a series of acquisitions in the late 1990s and early 2000s . After poor financial returns in their 2003 fiscal year , Acclaim filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in September 2004 . Properties owned by Acclaim were subsequently auctioned off to various parties .'}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Game Boy Advance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance', 'summary': 'The Game Boy Advance [ a ] ( commonly abbreviated as GBA ) is a 32-bit handheld game console developed , manufactured and marketed by Nintendo as the successor to the Game Boy Color . It was released in Japan on March 21 , 2001 , in North America on June 11 , 2001 , in Australia and Europe on June 22 , 2001 , and in mainland China on June 8 , 2004 as iQue Game Boy Advance . The GBA is part of the sixth generation of video game consoles . The original model did not have an illuminated screen ; Nintendo addressed that with the release of a redesigned model with a frontlit screen , the Game Boy Advance SP , in 2003 . A newer revision of the aforementioned redesign was released in 2005 , which included a backlit screen . The final redesign , the Game Boy Micro , was released in 2005 . As of June 30 , 2010 , the Game Boy Advance series has sold 81.51 million units worldwide . Its successor , the Nintendo DS , was released in November 2004 and is also compatible with Game Boy Advance software .'}]}, {'value': 'Apprentise aka Fluffy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Software Creations', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Software_Creations_(UK)', 'summary': "Acclaim Studios Manchester ( formerly Software Creations ) was a British video game developer based in Manchester , England . The company was established in 1985 by Richard Kay . They were primarily known for their video games based on movie and comic licences like Marvel Comics , Cutthroat Island , Disney 's Beauty and the Beast and the original titles Plok , Solstice , and its sequel Equinox ."}]}, {'value': 'unfinished and unpublished', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Game Boy Advance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance', 'summary': 'The Game Boy Advance [ a ] ( commonly abbreviated as GBA ) is a 32-bit handheld game console developed , manufactured and marketed by Nintendo as the successor to the Game Boy Color . It was released in Japan on March 21 , 2001 , in North America on June 11 , 2001 , in Australia and Europe on June 22 , 2001 , and in mainland China on June 8 , 2004 as iQue Game Boy Advance . The GBA is part of the sixth generation of video game consoles . The original model did not have an illuminated screen ; Nintendo addressed that with the release of a redesigned model with a frontlit screen , the Game Boy Advance SP , in 2003 . A newer revision of the aforementioned redesign was released in 2005 , which included a backlit screen . The final redesign , the Game Boy Micro , was released in 2005 . As of June 30 , 2010 , the Game Boy Advance series has sold 81.51 million units worldwide . Its successor , the Nintendo DS , was released in November 2004 and is also compatible with Game Boy Advance software .'}]}, {'value': 'Batman : The Caped Crusader', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batman:_The_Caped_Crusader', 'summary': 'Batman : The Caped Crusader is an action-adventure game developed by Special FX Software ( Jonathan Smith , Zach Townsend , Charles Davies , and Keith Tinman ) and published by Ocean Software in 1988 . It was licensed by Data East and Erbe Software for release in North American and Spain . It was the second of three unrelated Batman games released by Ocean , after Batman in 1986 and preceding Batman : The Movie in 1989 . The Apple II version was developed by California-based Quicksilver Software ; it requires a 128k IIe or IIc to run . As with many other Ocean releases , the C64 port came in separate cassette and disk releases ; the North American NTSC version was based on the latter . The disk version contained slightly remixed music and differences in enemy spawns .'}]}, {'value': 'Special FX Software', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ocean Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_Software', 'summary': 'Ocean Software Ltd , commonly referred to as Ocean , was a British software development company , that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s . The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester . Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of systems such as the ZX Spectrum , Oric 1 , Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , MSX , Amstrad CPC , Commodore 16 , Atari ST , Amiga , PC , BBC micro and video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Master System and Sega Genesis .'}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ZX Spectrum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ZX_Spectrum', 'summary': "The ZX Spectrum ( UK : /zɛd ɛks/ ) is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research . Referred to during development as the ZX81 Colour and ZX82 , it was launched as the ZX Spectrum by Sinclair to highlight the machine 's colour display , compared with the black and white display of its predecessor , the ZX81 . The Spectrum was released as eight different models , ranging from the entry level with 16 KB RAM released in 1982 to the ZX Spectrum +3 with 128 KB RAM and built in floppy disk drive in 1987 ; together they sold over 5 million units worldwide ( not counting clones ) . The Spectrum was among the first mainstream-audience home computers in the UK , similar in significance to the Commodore 64 in the US . The introduction of the ZX Spectrum led to a boom in companies producing software and hardware for the machine , the effects of which are still seen . Some credit it as the machine which launched the UK IT industry . Licensing deals and clones followed , and earned Clive Sinclair a knighthood for services to British industry . The Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , Oric-1 , Oric Atmos , BBC Micro and later the Amstrad CPC range were rivals to the Spectrum in the UK market during the early 1980s . While the machine was officially discontinued in 1992 , new software titles continue to be released - over 40 were released in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cluster Bluster', 'urls': []}, {'value': '?', 'urls': []}, {'value': '?', 'urls': []}, {'value': '?', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SNES', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SNES', 'summary': "The Super Nintendo Entertainment System ( SNES ) , [ b ] also known as the Super NES [ c ] or Super Nintendo , [ d ] is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea , [ citation needed ] 1991 in North America , 1992 in Europe and Australasia ( Oceania ) , and 1993 in South America . In Japan , the system is called the Super Famicom ( SFC ) . [ e ] In South Korea , it is known as the Super Comboy [ f ] and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics . The system was released in Brazil on August 30 , 1993 , by Playtronic . Although each version is essentially the same , several forms of regional lockout prevent the different cartridges from being compatible with one another . The SNES is Nintendo 's second programmable home console , following the Nintendo Entertainment System ( NES ) . The console introduced advanced graphics and sound capabilities compared with other systems at the time . The system was designed to accommodate the ongoing development of a variety of enhancement chips integrated in game cartridges to be competitive into the next generation . The SNES was a global success , becoming the best-selling console of the 16-bit era after launching relatively late and facing intense competition from Sega 's Genesis console in North America and Europe . Overlapping the NES 's 61.9 million unit sales , the SNES remained popular well into the 32-bit era , with 49.1 million units sold worldwide by the time it was discontinued in 2003 . It continues to be popular among collectors and retro gamers , with new homebrew games and Nintendo 's emulated rereleases , such as on the Virtual Console , the Super NES Classic Edition , and Nintendo Switch Online ."}]}, {'value': 'Cobra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cobra_(video_game)', 'summary': "Cobra is a 1986 American action film directed by George P. Cosmatos , and written by Sylvester Stallone , who also starred in the title role . The film co-stars Reni Santoni , Brigitte Nielsen and Andrew Robinson . It is the first film where Brian Thompson plays a prominent role . The film was loosely based on the novel Fair Game by Paula Gosling , which was later filmed under that title in 1995 . However , Stallone 's screenplay was originally conceived from ideas he had during pre-production of Beverly Hills Cop , whose screenplay he heavily revised . He had wanted to make Beverly Hills Cop a less comedic and more action-oriented film , which the studio rejected as being far too expensive . When he left that project , Eddie Murphy was brought in to play the lead role . The film received negative reviews , with much criticism focused on the overuse of genre tropes , yet it debuted at the number one spot on the U.S. box office and became a financial success . It is now considered a cult classic ."}]}, {'value': 'Ocean Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_Software', 'summary': 'Ocean Software Ltd , commonly referred to as Ocean , was a British software development company , that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s . The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester . Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of systems such as the ZX Spectrum , Oric 1 , Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , MSX , Amstrad CPC , Commodore 16 , Atari ST , Amiga , PC , BBC micro and video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Master System and Sega Genesis .'}]}, {'value': 'Ocean Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_Software', 'summary': 'Ocean Software Ltd , commonly referred to as Ocean , was a British software development company , that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s . The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester . Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of systems such as the ZX Spectrum , Oric 1 , Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , MSX , Amstrad CPC , Commodore 16 , Atari ST , Amiga , PC , BBC micro and video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Master System and Sega Genesis .'}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ZX Spectrum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ZX_Spectrum', 'summary': "The ZX Spectrum ( UK : /zɛd ɛks/ ) is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research . Referred to during development as the ZX81 Colour and ZX82 , it was launched as the ZX Spectrum by Sinclair to highlight the machine 's colour display , compared with the black and white display of its predecessor , the ZX81 . The Spectrum was released as eight different models , ranging from the entry level with 16 KB RAM released in 1982 to the ZX Spectrum +3 with 128 KB RAM and built in floppy disk drive in 1987 ; together they sold over 5 million units worldwide ( not counting clones ) . The Spectrum was among the first mainstream-audience home computers in the UK , similar in significance to the Commodore 64 in the US . The introduction of the ZX Spectrum led to a boom in companies producing software and hardware for the machine , the effects of which are still seen . Some credit it as the machine which launched the UK IT industry . Licensing deals and clones followed , and earned Clive Sinclair a knighthood for services to British industry . The Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , Oric-1 , Oric Atmos , BBC Micro and later the Amstrad CPC range were rivals to the Spectrum in the UK market during the early 1980s . While the machine was officially discontinued in 1992 , new software titles continue to be released - over 40 were released in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': "Daley Thompson 's Supertest", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ocean Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_Software', 'summary': 'Ocean Software Ltd , commonly referred to as Ocean , was a British software development company , that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s . The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester . Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of systems such as the ZX Spectrum , Oric 1 , Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , MSX , Amstrad CPC , Commodore 16 , Atari ST , Amiga , PC , BBC micro and video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Master System and Sega Genesis .'}]}, {'value': 'Ocean Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_Software', 'summary': 'Ocean Software Ltd , commonly referred to as Ocean , was a British software development company , that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s . The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester . Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of systems such as the ZX Spectrum , Oric 1 , Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , MSX , Amstrad CPC , Commodore 16 , Atari ST , Amiga , PC , BBC micro and video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Master System and Sega Genesis .'}]}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ZX Spectrum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ZX_Spectrum', 'summary': "The ZX Spectrum ( UK : /zɛd ɛks/ ) is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research . Referred to during development as the ZX81 Colour and ZX82 , it was launched as the ZX Spectrum by Sinclair to highlight the machine 's colour display , compared with the black and white display of its predecessor , the ZX81 . The Spectrum was released as eight different models , ranging from the entry level with 16 KB RAM released in 1982 to the ZX Spectrum +3 with 128 KB RAM and built in floppy disk drive in 1987 ; together they sold over 5 million units worldwide ( not counting clones ) . The Spectrum was among the first mainstream-audience home computers in the UK , similar in significance to the Commodore 64 in the US . The introduction of the ZX Spectrum led to a boom in companies producing software and hardware for the machine , the effects of which are still seen . Some credit it as the machine which launched the UK IT industry . Licensing deals and clones followed , and earned Clive Sinclair a knighthood for services to British industry . The Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , Oric-1 , Oric Atmos , BBC Micro and later the Amstrad CPC range were rivals to the Spectrum in the UK market during the early 1980s . While the machine was officially discontinued in 1992 , new software titles continue to be released - over 40 were released in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Firefly', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Special FX Software', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ocean Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_Software', 'summary': 'Ocean Software Ltd , commonly referred to as Ocean , was a British software development company , that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s . The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester . Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of systems such as the ZX Spectrum , Oric 1 , Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , MSX , Amstrad CPC , Commodore 16 , Atari ST , Amiga , PC , BBC micro and video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Master System and Sega Genesis .'}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ZX Spectrum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ZX_Spectrum', 'summary': "The ZX Spectrum ( UK : /zɛd ɛks/ ) is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research . Referred to during development as the ZX81 Colour and ZX82 , it was launched as the ZX Spectrum by Sinclair to highlight the machine 's colour display , compared with the black and white display of its predecessor , the ZX81 . The Spectrum was released as eight different models , ranging from the entry level with 16 KB RAM released in 1982 to the ZX Spectrum +3 with 128 KB RAM and built in floppy disk drive in 1987 ; together they sold over 5 million units worldwide ( not counting clones ) . The Spectrum was among the first mainstream-audience home computers in the UK , similar in significance to the Commodore 64 in the US . The introduction of the ZX Spectrum led to a boom in companies producing software and hardware for the machine , the effects of which are still seen . Some credit it as the machine which launched the UK IT industry . Licensing deals and clones followed , and earned Clive Sinclair a knighthood for services to British industry . The Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , Oric-1 , Oric Atmos , BBC Micro and later the Amstrad CPC range were rivals to the Spectrum in the UK market during the early 1980s . While the machine was officially discontinued in 1992 , new software titles continue to be released - over 40 were released in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Green Beret', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Green_Beret_(arcade_game)', 'summary': "Rush ' n Attack , originally released in Japan and Europe as Green Beret ( グリーンベレー , Gurīn Berē ) , is a run and gun arcade game released by Konami in 1985 . Rush ' n Attack is remembered for its Cold War setting ( the title is a play on Russian attack ) and its reliance on the player using a knife to dispatch enemies ."}]}, {'value': 'Imagine Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Imagine_Software', 'summary': "Imagine Software was a British video games developer based in Liverpool which existed briefly in the early 1980s , initially producing software for the ZX Spectrum and VIC-20 . The company rose quickly to prominence and was noted for its polished , high-budget approach to packaging and advertising ( at a time when this was not commonplace in the British software industry ) , as well as its self-promotion and ambition . Following Imagine 's prominent demise under mounting debts in 1984 , the name was bought and used as a label by Ocean Software until the late 1980s ."}]}, {'value': 'Ocean Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_Software', 'summary': 'Ocean Software Ltd , commonly referred to as Ocean , was a British software development company , that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s . The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester . Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of systems such as the ZX Spectrum , Oric 1 , Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , MSX , Amstrad CPC , Commodore 16 , Atari ST , Amiga , PC , BBC micro and video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Master System and Sega Genesis .'}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ZX Spectrum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ZX_Spectrum', 'summary': "The ZX Spectrum ( UK : /zɛd ɛks/ ) is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research . Referred to during development as the ZX81 Colour and ZX82 , it was launched as the ZX Spectrum by Sinclair to highlight the machine 's colour display , compared with the black and white display of its predecessor , the ZX81 . The Spectrum was released as eight different models , ranging from the entry level with 16 KB RAM released in 1982 to the ZX Spectrum +3 with 128 KB RAM and built in floppy disk drive in 1987 ; together they sold over 5 million units worldwide ( not counting clones ) . The Spectrum was among the first mainstream-audience home computers in the UK , similar in significance to the Commodore 64 in the US . The introduction of the ZX Spectrum led to a boom in companies producing software and hardware for the machine , the effects of which are still seen . Some credit it as the machine which launched the UK IT industry . Licensing deals and clones followed , and earned Clive Sinclair a knighthood for services to British industry . The Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , Oric-1 , Oric Atmos , BBC Micro and later the Amstrad CPC range were rivals to the Spectrum in the UK market during the early 1980s . While the machine was officially discontinued in 1992 , new software titles continue to be released - over 40 were released in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hudson Hawk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Hawk', 'summary': "Hudson Hawk is a 1991 American action comedy film directed by Michael Lehmann . Bruce Willis stars in the title role and also co-wrote both the story and the theme song . Danny Aiello , Andie MacDowell , James Coburn , David Caruso , Lorraine Toussaint , Frank Stallone , Sandra Bernhard and Richard E. Grant are also featured . The live action film employs cartoon-style slapstick heavily , including sound effects , which enhances the movie 's signature surreal humour . The plot combines material based on conspiracy theories , secret societies , and historic mysteries , as well as outlandish clockpunk technology à la Coburn 's Our Man Flint movies of the 1960s . A recurring plot device in the film has Hudson and his partner Tommy Five-Tone ( Aiello ) singing songs concurrently but separately , to time and synchronize their exploits . Willis-Aiello duets of Bing Crosby 's Swinging on a Star and Paul Anka 's Side by Side are featured on the film 's soundtrack . The film was a huge critical and commercial failure in the United States , only grossing $ 17 million and earning three Razzies ( including Worst Picture ) , but overseas it was better received and grossed $ 80 million for a worldwide total of $ 97 million ."}]}, {'value': 'Special FX Software', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ocean Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_Software', 'summary': 'Ocean Software Ltd , commonly referred to as Ocean , was a British software development company , that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s . The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester . Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of systems such as the ZX Spectrum , Oric 1 , Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , MSX , Amstrad CPC , Commodore 16 , Atari ST , Amiga , PC , BBC micro and video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Master System and Sega Genesis .'}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atari ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atari_ST', 'summary': "The Atari ST is a line of home computers from Atari Corporation and the successor to the Atari 8-bit family . The initial ST model , the 520ST , saw limited release in April-June 1985 and was widely available in July . The Atari ST is the first personal computer to come with a bitmapped color GUI , using a version of Digital Research 's GEM released in February 1985 . The 1040ST , released in 1986 , is the first personal computer to ship with a megabyte of RAM in the base configuration and also the first with a cost-per-kilobyte of less than US $ 1 . The Atari ST is part of a mid-1980s generation of home computers that have 16 or 32-bit processors , 256 KB or more of RAM , and mouse-controlled graphical user interfaces . This generation includes the Macintosh , Commodore Amiga , Apple IIGS , and , the most advanced true 32bit Acorn Archimedes . ST officially stands for Sixteen/Thirty-two , which refers to the Motorola 68000 's 16-bit external bus and 32-bit internals . The ST was sold with either Atari 's color monitor or the less expensive monochrome monitor . The system 's two color graphics modes are only available on the former while the highest-resolution mode needs the monochrome monitor . In some markets , particularly Germany , the machine gained a strong foothold as a small business machine for CAD and desktop publishing work . Thanks to its built-in MIDI ports , the ST enjoyed success for running music sequencer software and as a controller of musical instruments among amateurs and well-known musicians alike . The ST was superseded by the Atari STE , Atari TT , Atari MEGA STE , and Falcon computers ."}]}, {'value': 'Hyper Active', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Special FX Software', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sinclair User', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinclair_User', 'summary': "Sinclair User , often abbreviated SU , was a magazine dedicated to the Sinclair Research range of home computers , most specifically the ZX Spectrum ( while also occasionally covering arcade games ) . Initially published by ECC Publications , and later EMAP , it was published in the UK between 1982 and 1993 , and was the longest running Sinclair-based magazine . Like many similar magazines , it contained news , game reviews , previews , tips , help guides , regular columns , readers ' letters and cover-mounted game demos . In May 1992 the former rival publication CRASH was notionally subsumed into Sinclair User but in practice this meant little more than the addition of the Crash ! logo to the magazine 's cover page . In earlier years , the magazine built up personality cults around some of its hilariously monikered staff , including Bill Incorruptible Scolding , John Disgusting Gilbert , Chris Lunchbreaks Bourne , Claire Ligger Edgely , Richard Price ( writer of the Gordo Greatbelly adventure tips section ) , and columnist Andrew Hewson ( founder of Hewson Consultants software ) . Under David Kelly 's editorial tenure , the magazine began to focus more on the gaming scene , and featured more colour graphics under designer Gareth the Mad Celt . By the time of editor Graham Taylor , the magazine included the cartoon character Kamikaze Bear , and the tone of the publication changed from a semi-serious magazine to something aimed more at children . The magazine gained notoriety for giving games that received poor reviews in other publications excessively high scores and in some cases using fake screenshots , particularly in their review of the game Nemesis"}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ZX Spectrum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ZX_Spectrum', 'summary': "The ZX Spectrum ( UK : /zɛd ɛks/ ) is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research . Referred to during development as the ZX81 Colour and ZX82 , it was launched as the ZX Spectrum by Sinclair to highlight the machine 's colour display , compared with the black and white display of its predecessor , the ZX81 . The Spectrum was released as eight different models , ranging from the entry level with 16 KB RAM released in 1982 to the ZX Spectrum +3 with 128 KB RAM and built in floppy disk drive in 1987 ; together they sold over 5 million units worldwide ( not counting clones ) . The Spectrum was among the first mainstream-audience home computers in the UK , similar in significance to the Commodore 64 in the US . The introduction of the ZX Spectrum led to a boom in companies producing software and hardware for the machine , the effects of which are still seen . Some credit it as the machine which launched the UK IT industry . Licensing deals and clones followed , and earned Clive Sinclair a knighthood for services to British industry . The Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , Oric-1 , Oric Atmos , BBC Micro and later the Amstrad CPC range were rivals to the Spectrum in the UK market during the early 1980s . While the machine was officially discontinued in 1992 , new software titles continue to be released - over 40 were released in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hyper Sports', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hyper_Sports', 'summary': "Hyper Sports , known in Japan as Hyper Olympic '84 ( ハイパーオリンピック'84 ) is an arcade game published in 1984 by Konami . It is the sequel to 1983 's Track & Field and features seven new Olympic events . Like its predecessor , Hyper Sports has two run buttons and one action button per player . The Japanese release of the game sported an official license for the 1984 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Imagine Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Imagine_Software', 'summary': "Imagine Software was a British video games developer based in Liverpool which existed briefly in the early 1980s , initially producing software for the ZX Spectrum and VIC-20 . The company rose quickly to prominence and was noted for its polished , high-budget approach to packaging and advertising ( at a time when this was not commonplace in the British software industry ) , as well as its self-promotion and ambition . Following Imagine 's prominent demise under mounting debts in 1984 , the name was bought and used as a label by Ocean Software until the late 1980s ."}]}, {'value': 'Ocean Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_Software', 'summary': 'Ocean Software Ltd , commonly referred to as Ocean , was a British software development company , that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s . The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester . Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of systems such as the ZX Spectrum , Oric 1 , Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , MSX , Amstrad CPC , Commodore 16 , Atari ST , Amiga , PC , BBC micro and video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Master System and Sega Genesis .'}]}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ZX Spectrum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ZX_Spectrum', 'summary': "The ZX Spectrum ( UK : /zɛd ɛks/ ) is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research . Referred to during development as the ZX81 Colour and ZX82 , it was launched as the ZX Spectrum by Sinclair to highlight the machine 's colour display , compared with the black and white display of its predecessor , the ZX81 . The Spectrum was released as eight different models , ranging from the entry level with 16 KB RAM released in 1982 to the ZX Spectrum +3 with 128 KB RAM and built in floppy disk drive in 1987 ; together they sold over 5 million units worldwide ( not counting clones ) . The Spectrum was among the first mainstream-audience home computers in the UK , similar in significance to the Commodore 64 in the US . The introduction of the ZX Spectrum led to a boom in companies producing software and hardware for the machine , the effects of which are still seen . Some credit it as the machine which launched the UK IT industry . Licensing deals and clones followed , and earned Clive Sinclair a knighthood for services to British industry . The Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , Oric-1 , Oric Atmos , BBC Micro and later the Amstrad CPC range were rivals to the Spectrum in the UK market during the early 1980s . While the machine was officially discontinued in 1992 , new software titles continue to be released - over 40 were released in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hysteria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Special FX Software', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Software Projects Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Software_Projects', 'summary': 'Software Projects was the name of a computer game development company which was started by Manic Miner developer Matthew Smith , Alan Maton and Colin Roach . After leaving Bug-Byte as a freelance developer , Smith was able to take the rights to his recently developed Manic Miner game with him , due to an oversight in his freelance contract . Software Projects was then able to market and publish the ZX Spectrum hit game separately from Bug-Byte . Their logo was a Penrose triangle .'}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ZX Spectrum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ZX_Spectrum', 'summary': "The ZX Spectrum ( UK : /zɛd ɛks/ ) is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research . Referred to during development as the ZX81 Colour and ZX82 , it was launched as the ZX Spectrum by Sinclair to highlight the machine 's colour display , compared with the black and white display of its predecessor , the ZX81 . The Spectrum was released as eight different models , ranging from the entry level with 16 KB RAM released in 1982 to the ZX Spectrum +3 with 128 KB RAM and built in floppy disk drive in 1987 ; together they sold over 5 million units worldwide ( not counting clones ) . The Spectrum was among the first mainstream-audience home computers in the UK , similar in significance to the Commodore 64 in the US . The introduction of the ZX Spectrum led to a boom in companies producing software and hardware for the machine , the effects of which are still seen . Some credit it as the machine which launched the UK IT industry . Licensing deals and clones followed , and earned Clive Sinclair a knighthood for services to British industry . The Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , Oric-1 , Oric Atmos , BBC Micro and later the Amstrad CPC range were rivals to the Spectrum in the UK market during the early 1980s . While the machine was officially discontinued in 1992 , new software titles continue to be released - over 40 were released in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ping Pong', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Konami's_Ping_Pong", 'summary': "Konami 's Ping Pong is a sports arcade game created in 1985 by Konami . The game is notable as the first video game to accurately reflect the gameplay of table tennis , as opposed to earlier simplifications like Pong . As with other Konami titles of the time , it was ported to several 8-bit computer systems and video game consoles ."}]}, {'value': 'Imagine Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Imagine_Software', 'summary': "Imagine Software was a British video games developer based in Liverpool which existed briefly in the early 1980s , initially producing software for the ZX Spectrum and VIC-20 . The company rose quickly to prominence and was noted for its polished , high-budget approach to packaging and advertising ( at a time when this was not commonplace in the British software industry ) , as well as its self-promotion and ambition . Following Imagine 's prominent demise under mounting debts in 1984 , the name was bought and used as a label by Ocean Software until the late 1980s ."}]}, {'value': 'Ocean Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_Software', 'summary': 'Ocean Software Ltd , commonly referred to as Ocean , was a British software development company , that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s . The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester . Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of systems such as the ZX Spectrum , Oric 1 , Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , MSX , Amstrad CPC , Commodore 16 , Atari ST , Amiga , PC , BBC micro and video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Master System and Sega Genesis .'}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ZX Spectrum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ZX_Spectrum', 'summary': "The ZX Spectrum ( UK : /zɛd ɛks/ ) is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research . Referred to during development as the ZX81 Colour and ZX82 , it was launched as the ZX Spectrum by Sinclair to highlight the machine 's colour display , compared with the black and white display of its predecessor , the ZX81 . The Spectrum was released as eight different models , ranging from the entry level with 16 KB RAM released in 1982 to the ZX Spectrum +3 with 128 KB RAM and built in floppy disk drive in 1987 ; together they sold over 5 million units worldwide ( not counting clones ) . The Spectrum was among the first mainstream-audience home computers in the UK , similar in significance to the Commodore 64 in the US . The introduction of the ZX Spectrum led to a boom in companies producing software and hardware for the machine , the effects of which are still seen . Some credit it as the machine which launched the UK IT industry . Licensing deals and clones followed , and earned Clive Sinclair a knighthood for services to British industry . The Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , Oric-1 , Oric Atmos , BBC Micro and later the Amstrad CPC range were rivals to the Spectrum in the UK market during the early 1980s . While the machine was officially discontinued in 1992 , new software titles continue to be released - over 40 were released in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Kong Strikes Back !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kong_Strikes_Back!', 'summary': "Kong Strikes Back ! is a video game published by Ocean Software in 1984 for the Amstrad CPC , Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum . It is heavily inspired by Mr. Do 's Wild Ride . This is one of the first games with music composed by Martin Galway . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Ocean Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_Software', 'summary': 'Ocean Software Ltd , commonly referred to as Ocean , was a British software development company , that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s . The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester . Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of systems such as the ZX Spectrum , Oric 1 , Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , MSX , Amstrad CPC , Commodore 16 , Atari ST , Amiga , PC , BBC micro and video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Master System and Sega Genesis .'}]}, {'value': 'Ocean Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_Software', 'summary': 'Ocean Software Ltd , commonly referred to as Ocean , was a British software development company , that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s . The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester . Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of systems such as the ZX Spectrum , Oric 1 , Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , MSX , Amstrad CPC , Commodore 16 , Atari ST , Amiga , PC , BBC micro and video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Master System and Sega Genesis .'}]}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ZX Spectrum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ZX_Spectrum', 'summary': "The ZX Spectrum ( UK : /zɛd ɛks/ ) is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research . Referred to during development as the ZX81 Colour and ZX82 , it was launched as the ZX Spectrum by Sinclair to highlight the machine 's colour display , compared with the black and white display of its predecessor , the ZX81 . The Spectrum was released as eight different models , ranging from the entry level with 16 KB RAM released in 1982 to the ZX Spectrum +3 with 128 KB RAM and built in floppy disk drive in 1987 ; together they sold over 5 million units worldwide ( not counting clones ) . The Spectrum was among the first mainstream-audience home computers in the UK , similar in significance to the Commodore 64 in the US . The introduction of the ZX Spectrum led to a boom in companies producing software and hardware for the machine , the effects of which are still seen . Some credit it as the machine which launched the UK IT industry . Licensing deals and clones followed , and earned Clive Sinclair a knighthood for services to British industry . The Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , Oric-1 , Oric Atmos , BBC Micro and later the Amstrad CPC range were rivals to the Spectrum in the UK market during the early 1980s . While the machine was officially discontinued in 1992 , new software titles continue to be released - over 40 were released in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Looney Tunes Back in Action', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Looney_Tunes_Back_in_Action', 'summary': "Looney Tunes : Back in Action is a 2003 American live-action/animated comedy film directed by Joe Dante . It is the third feature-length live-action/animation hybrid film to feature Looney Tunes characters , after Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) and Space Jam ( 1996 ) . The plot follows Daffy Duck and Bugs Bunny ( both voiced by Joe Alaskey ) as they help aspiring daredevil Damian D.J . Drake , Jr. ( Brendan Fraser ) and Warner Bros. executive Kate Houghton ( Jenna Elfman ) find the blue monkey diamond in order to prevent the evil Mr. Chairman ( Steve Martin ) of the Acme Corporation from using it to turn mankind into monkeys that will manufacture his products ; the group also attempts to rescue D.J . 's father ( Timothy Dalton ) , an actor and spy who has been captured by Mr. Chairman . The film was theatrically released on November 14 , 2003 with mixed-to-positive critical reception . Financially , the film was a box office bomb , grossing $ 68.5 million worldwide against an $ 80 million budget . This was the final film to be scored by composer Jerry Goldsmith , who died less than a year after the film 's release . This was also the final film to be produced by Warner Bros . Feature Animation ."}]}, {'value': 'Warthog PLC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Electronic Arts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Electronic_Arts', 'summary': "Electronic Arts Inc. ( EA ) is an American video game company headquartered in Redwood City , California . It is the second-largest gaming company in the Americas and Europe by revenue and market capitalization after Activision Blizzard and ahead of Take-Two Interactive and Ubisoft as of March 2018 . Founded and incorporated on May 27 , 1982 , by Apple employee Trip Hawkins , the company was a pioneer of the early home computer games industry and was notable for promoting the designers and programmers responsible for its games . EA published numerous games and productivity software for personal computers and later experimented on techniques to internally develop games , leading to the 1987 release of Skate or Die ! . The company would later decide in favor of abandoning their original principles and acquiring smaller companies that they see profitable , as well as annually releasing franchises to stay profitable . Currently , EA develops and publishes games of established franchises , including Battlefield , Need for Speed , The Sims , Medal of Honor , Command & Conquer , Dead Space , Mass Effect , Dragon Age , Army of Two , Titanfall , and Star Wars , as well as the EA Sports titles FIFA , Madden NFL , NBA Live , NHL , and EA Sports UFC . Their desktop titles appear on self-developed Origin , an online gaming digital distribution platform for PCs and a direct competitor to Valve 's Steam and Epic Games ' Store . EA also owns and operates major gaming studios such as EA Tiburon in Orlando , EA Vancouver in Burnaby , DICE in Sweden and Los Angeles , BioWare in Edmonton and Austin , and Respawn Entertainment in Los Angeles ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Game Boy Advance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance', 'summary': 'The Game Boy Advance [ a ] ( commonly abbreviated as GBA ) is a 32-bit handheld game console developed , manufactured and marketed by Nintendo as the successor to the Game Boy Color . It was released in Japan on March 21 , 2001 , in North America on June 11 , 2001 , in Australia and Europe on June 22 , 2001 , and in mainland China on June 8 , 2004 as iQue Game Boy Advance . The GBA is part of the sixth generation of video game consoles . The original model did not have an illuminated screen ; Nintendo addressed that with the release of a redesigned model with a frontlit screen , the Game Boy Advance SP , in 2003 . A newer revision of the aforementioned redesign was released in 2005 , which included a backlit screen . The final redesign , the Game Boy Micro , was released in 2005 . As of June 30 , 2010 , the Game Boy Advance series has sold 81.51 million units worldwide . Its successor , the Nintendo DS , was released in November 2004 and is also compatible with Game Boy Advance software .'}]}, {'value': 'Momma Can I Mow The Lawn ?', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Momma_Can_I_Mow_The_Lawn', 'summary': 'Warthog Games Limited was a UK-based video game developer , located in Cheadle Hulme , Stockport , with studios in Sweden and the USA . The developer later developed titles as Gizmondo Europe , before the company disbanded ; key staff formed Embryonic Studios and the brand was relaunched by CFAO as Warthog Entertainment .'}]}, {'value': 'Gizmondo Studios', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gizmondo_Studios', 'summary': "The Gizmondo is a handheld gaming console developed by Tiger Telematics . It was released in the UK , Sweden and the U.S. starting in March 2005 . Its first-party games were developed in studios in Helsingborg , Sweden , and Manchester , England . Gizmondo Europe , Ltd. was based in London , England , and was a subsidiary of Florida-based Tiger Telematics , whose chairman Carl Freer led Gizmondo 's development . Before its launch the Gizmondo had high expectations by some journalists due to its extensive feature set , and it was aimed to compete against Nintendo and Sony ; however , it ended up as a major sales failure . The company extravagantly spent millions on promotions such as a celebrity party at London 's Park Lane Hotel , and taking part at the 24 Hours of Le Mans , despite never making a profit . Its American debut was delayed several times , and a widescreen version was announced shortly before its release - resulting in low sales . With fewer than 25,000 units sold , the Gizmondo was named by GamePro as the worst selling handheld console in history . The Gizmondo was further overshadowed when Swedish press revealed criminal pasts of several executives , causing their resignations including Tiger Telematics CEO Carl Freer . Director of Gizmondo Europe Stefan Eriksson was involved in a Swedish criminal organisation , the Uppsalamaffian ( the Uppsala mafia ) . By February 2006 , the company was forced into bankruptcy after amassing US $ 300 million debt , and the Gizmondo stopped production . Weeks thereafter Eriksson crashed a rare Ferrari Enzo driving at 260km/h in California , and was later jailed and subsequently deported for driving under the influence in connection with the crash and other criminal offenses ."}]}, {'value': 'Gizmondo Studios', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gizmondo_Studios', 'summary': "The Gizmondo is a handheld gaming console developed by Tiger Telematics . It was released in the UK , Sweden and the U.S. starting in March 2005 . Its first-party games were developed in studios in Helsingborg , Sweden , and Manchester , England . Gizmondo Europe , Ltd. was based in London , England , and was a subsidiary of Florida-based Tiger Telematics , whose chairman Carl Freer led Gizmondo 's development . Before its launch the Gizmondo had high expectations by some journalists due to its extensive feature set , and it was aimed to compete against Nintendo and Sony ; however , it ended up as a major sales failure . The company extravagantly spent millions on promotions such as a celebrity party at London 's Park Lane Hotel , and taking part at the 24 Hours of Le Mans , despite never making a profit . Its American debut was delayed several times , and a widescreen version was announced shortly before its release - resulting in low sales . With fewer than 25,000 units sold , the Gizmondo was named by GamePro as the worst selling handheld console in history . The Gizmondo was further overshadowed when Swedish press revealed criminal pasts of several executives , causing their resignations including Tiger Telematics CEO Carl Freer . Director of Gizmondo Europe Stefan Eriksson was involved in a Swedish criminal organisation , the Uppsalamaffian ( the Uppsala mafia ) . By February 2006 , the company was forced into bankruptcy after amassing US $ 300 million debt , and the Gizmondo stopped production . Weeks thereafter Eriksson crashed a rare Ferrari Enzo driving at 260km/h in California , and was later jailed and subsequently deported for driving under the influence in connection with the crash and other criminal offenses ."}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gizmondo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gizmondo', 'summary': "The Gizmondo is a handheld gaming console developed by Tiger Telematics . It was released in the UK , Sweden and the U.S. starting in March 2005 . Its first-party games were developed in studios in Helsingborg , Sweden , and Manchester , England . Gizmondo Europe , Ltd. was based in London , England , and was a subsidiary of Florida-based Tiger Telematics , whose chairman Carl Freer led Gizmondo 's development . Before its launch the Gizmondo had high expectations by some journalists due to its extensive feature set , and it was aimed to compete against Nintendo and Sony ; however , it ended up as a major sales failure . The company extravagantly spent millions on promotions such as a celebrity party at London 's Park Lane Hotel , and taking part at the 24 Hours of Le Mans , despite never making a profit . Its American debut was delayed several times , and a widescreen version was announced shortly before its release - resulting in low sales . With fewer than 25,000 units sold , the Gizmondo was named by GamePro as the worst selling handheld console in history . The Gizmondo was further overshadowed when Swedish press revealed criminal pasts of several executives , causing their resignations including Tiger Telematics CEO Carl Freer . Director of Gizmondo Europe Stefan Eriksson was involved in a Swedish criminal organisation , the Uppsalamaffian ( the Uppsala mafia ) . By February 2006 , the company was forced into bankruptcy after amassing US $ 300 million debt , and the Gizmondo stopped production . Weeks thereafter Eriksson crashed a rare Ferrari Enzo driving at 260km/h in California , and was later jailed and subsequently deported for driving under the influence in connection with the crash and other criminal offenses ."}]}, {'value': 'Midnight Resistance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midnight_Resistance', 'summary': "Midnight Resistance ( ミッドナイトレジスタンス , Middonaito Rejisutansu ) is a side-scrolling action shooting game produced by Data East for the arcades in 1989 . It was ported to the Sega Mega Drive in 1991 as Data East 's first video game for the console . The game was also adapted by Ocean Software to various home computer platforms . Midnight Resistance is set in a dystopian future where the player controls a member of a resistance movement who goes on a mission to rescue his kidnapped family from a drug kingpin ."}]}, {'value': 'Special FX Software', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ocean Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_Software', 'summary': 'Ocean Software Ltd , commonly referred to as Ocean , was a British software development company , that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s . The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester . Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of systems such as the ZX Spectrum , Oric 1 , Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , MSX , Amstrad CPC , Commodore 16 , Atari ST , Amiga , PC , BBC micro and video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Master System and Sega Genesis .'}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atari ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atari_ST', 'summary': "The Atari ST is a line of home computers from Atari Corporation and the successor to the Atari 8-bit family . The initial ST model , the 520ST , saw limited release in April-June 1985 and was widely available in July . The Atari ST is the first personal computer to come with a bitmapped color GUI , using a version of Digital Research 's GEM released in February 1985 . The 1040ST , released in 1986 , is the first personal computer to ship with a megabyte of RAM in the base configuration and also the first with a cost-per-kilobyte of less than US $ 1 . The Atari ST is part of a mid-1980s generation of home computers that have 16 or 32-bit processors , 256 KB or more of RAM , and mouse-controlled graphical user interfaces . This generation includes the Macintosh , Commodore Amiga , Apple IIGS , and , the most advanced true 32bit Acorn Archimedes . ST officially stands for Sixteen/Thirty-two , which refers to the Motorola 68000 's 16-bit external bus and 32-bit internals . The ST was sold with either Atari 's color monitor or the less expensive monochrome monitor . The system 's two color graphics modes are only available on the former while the highest-resolution mode needs the monochrome monitor . In some markets , particularly Germany , the machine gained a strong foothold as a small business machine for CAD and desktop publishing work . Thanks to its built-in MIDI ports , the ST enjoyed success for running music sequencer software and as a controller of musical instruments among amateurs and well-known musicians alike . The ST was superseded by the Atari STE , Atari TT , Atari MEGA STE , and Falcon computers ."}]}, {'value': 'Mikie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mikie', 'summary': 'Mikie is video game released in arcades in 1984 by Konami . The object of the game is to guide a student named Mikie around the school locations to collect hearts which make up a letter from his girlfriend while being chased by members of the school staff .'}]}, {'value': 'Imagine Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Imagine_Software', 'summary': "Imagine Software was a British video games developer based in Liverpool which existed briefly in the early 1980s , initially producing software for the ZX Spectrum and VIC-20 . The company rose quickly to prominence and was noted for its polished , high-budget approach to packaging and advertising ( at a time when this was not commonplace in the British software industry ) , as well as its self-promotion and ambition . Following Imagine 's prominent demise under mounting debts in 1984 , the name was bought and used as a label by Ocean Software until the late 1980s ."}]}, {'value': 'Ocean Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_Software', 'summary': 'Ocean Software Ltd , commonly referred to as Ocean , was a British software development company , that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s . The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester . Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of systems such as the ZX Spectrum , Oric 1 , Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , MSX , Amstrad CPC , Commodore 16 , Atari ST , Amiga , PC , BBC micro and video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Master System and Sega Genesis .'}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ZX Spectrum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ZX_Spectrum', 'summary': "The ZX Spectrum ( UK : /zɛd ɛks/ ) is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research . Referred to during development as the ZX81 Colour and ZX82 , it was launched as the ZX Spectrum by Sinclair to highlight the machine 's colour display , compared with the black and white display of its predecessor , the ZX81 . The Spectrum was released as eight different models , ranging from the entry level with 16 KB RAM released in 1982 to the ZX Spectrum +3 with 128 KB RAM and built in floppy disk drive in 1987 ; together they sold over 5 million units worldwide ( not counting clones ) . The Spectrum was among the first mainstream-audience home computers in the UK , similar in significance to the Commodore 64 in the US . The introduction of the ZX Spectrum led to a boom in companies producing software and hardware for the machine , the effects of which are still seen . Some credit it as the machine which launched the UK IT industry . Licensing deals and clones followed , and earned Clive Sinclair a knighthood for services to British industry . The Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , Oric-1 , Oric Atmos , BBC Micro and later the Amstrad CPC range were rivals to the Spectrum in the UK market during the early 1980s . While the machine was officially discontinued in 1992 , new software titles continue to be released - over 40 were released in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Mr. Do !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mr._Do!', 'summary': 'Mr. Do ! ( ミスタードゥ , Misutā Du ) is a maze video game created by Universal and released in arcades in 1982 . The first game in the Mr. Do series , it was one of the first arcade games to be released as a conversion kit ( by Taito ) , and went on to sell 30,000 units in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Special FX Software', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ocean Software Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ocean_Software', 'summary': 'Ocean Software Ltd , commonly referred to as Ocean , was a British software development company , that became one of the biggest European video game developers and publishers of the 1980s and 1990s . The company was founded by David Ward and Jon Woods and was based in Manchester . Ocean developed dozens of games for a variety of systems such as the ZX Spectrum , Oric 1 , Commodore 64 , Dragon 32 , MSX , Amstrad CPC , Commodore 16 , Atari ST , Amiga , PC , BBC micro and video game consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super Nintendo Entertainment System , Master System and Sega Genesis .'}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Game Boy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Game_Boy', 'summary': "The Game Boy [ a ] is an 8-bit handheld game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo . The first handheld in the Game Boy family , it was first released in Japan on April 21 , 1989 ( 1989-04-21 ) , then North America , three months later , and lastly in Europe , over a year later . It was designed by the same team that developed the Game & Watch and several Nintendo Entertainment System games : Satoru Okada , Gunpei Yokoi , and Nintendo Research & Development 1 . Nintendo 's second handheld game console , the Game Boy combines features from both the NES home system and Game & Watch hardware . The console features a dull green dot-matrix screen with adjustable contrast dial , five control buttons ( a directional pad , two game buttons , and start and select ) , a single speaker with adjustable volume dial , and , like its rivals , uses cartridges as physical media for games . The color scheme is made from two tones of grey with accents of black , blue , and dark magenta . All the corners of the portrait-oriented rectangular unit are softly rounded , save for the bottom right , which is curved . At launch , it was sold either as a standalone unit , or bundled with one of several games , namely Super Mario Land or Tetris . Several accessories were also developed , including a carrying pouch and printer . Despite being technologically inferior to its fourth-generation competitors ( Sega 's Game Gear , Atari 's Lynx , and NEC 's TurboExpress ) , the Game Boy received praise for its battery life and durability in its construction . It quickly outsold the competition , selling one million units in the United States within a few weeks . The Game Boy and its successor , the Game Boy Color , have sold an estimated 118 million units worldwide ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Notable releases', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Jonathan_Smith_(games_programmer)_0', 'intro': "Jonathan M. Joffa Smith (1 February 1967 - 26 June 2010) was a British games programmer, best known for his titles for the ZX Spectrum. His games were notable for containing a large number of sprites and parallax scrolling, features which were largely unknown on the Spectrum at the time[citation needed]. His most notable games include Cobra, (which was a license extremely loosely based on a Sylvester Stallone film) one of the first Spectrum games to exhibit full-colour parallax scrolling and his conversion of the arcade game Green Beret. A notable trademark of Smith's was his habit of writing his name (with Jonathan and Smith spelled various ways) as a mirror-image in his games."}	null	null	How many units of this platform were sold worldwide on which the game also known as Rush ' n Attack ran ?	5 million units
0a268fd080008aab	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_International_Cross_Country_Championships', 'title': '1971 International Cross Country Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Country', 'Team', 'Points'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Joyce Smith Angela Lovell Rita Ridley Sheila Carey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joyce_Smith', 'summary': 'Joyce Esther Smith MBE ( née Byatt , born 26 October 1937 ) is a British former long-distance runner . She broke the world record in the 3000 metres in 1971 and is a three-time medallist at the International/World Cross Country Championships , including winning in 1972 . She went on to twice win the London Marathon , becoming the first British woman in history to run under 2:30 when winning in 1981 with 2:29:57 , before further improving the British record to 2:29:43 when winning in 1982 . She also competed in the 1500 metres at the 1972 Munich Olympics and finished 11th in the marathon at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics , aged 46 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rita_Ridley', 'summary': 'Rita Ridley ( née Lincoln ; 4 November 1946 - 12 February 2013 ) was an English middle- and long-distance runner .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sheila_Carey', 'summary': 'Sheila Janet Carey MBE , ( née Taylor ; born 12 August 1946 ) is a retired British middle-distance runner who represented the United Kingdom at the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics . In 1968 , she placed fourth in the 800 metres , while in 1972 , she finishing fifth in the 1500 metres , setting a new British record . She represented England at the Commonwealth Games in 1970 and 1974 . She was also part of the British 4×800 metres relay team that twice broke the world record in 1970 .'}]}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand', 'summary': "New Zealand ( Māori : Aotearoa [ aɔˈtɛaɾɔa ] ) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . The country has two main landmasses - the North Island ( Te Ika-a-Māui ) , and the South Island ( Te Waipounamu ) - and around 600 smaller islands . It has a total land area of 268,000 square kilometres ( 103,500 sq mi ) . New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres ( 600 mi ) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia , Fiji , and Tonga . Because of its remoteness , it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans . During its long period of isolation , New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal , fungal , and plant life . The country 's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks , such as the Southern Alps , owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions . New Zealand 's capital city is Wellington , and its most populous city is Auckland . Sometime between 1250 and 1300 , Polynesians settled in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture . In 1642 , Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand . In 1840 , representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi , which declared British sovereignty over the islands . In 1841 , New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1907 it became a dominion ; it gained full statutory independence in 1947 and the British monarch remained the head of state ."}]}, {'value': 'Valerie Robinson Bev Shingles Irene Miller Heather Thomson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irene_Miller', 'summary': "Irene Miller was a British screenwriter active during the silent era . She began her career as a journalist before getting work as a scenarist , and she eventually became chief of the department at Will Barker 's studio ; later on , she 'd become a studio publicist ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Heather_Thomson_(athlete)', 'summary': "Heather Thomson ( now Matthews ; born 1946 ) is a New Zealand middle distance runner . She competed in the 1978 Commonwealth Games , winning a silver medal in the Women 's 3000m . In the 1980s , she turned to international road relays , and more recently has managed New Zealand road relay teams . She was appointed an MBE in 1988 for services to athletics . She is featured in the New Zealand short film On the Run training adjacent to the Auckland Airport ."}]}, {'value': '42', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Doris Brown Janet Bristol Beth Bonner Trina Hosmer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doris_Brown', 'summary': "Doris Brown Heritage ( born September 17 , 1942 ) is a retired American runner . She won the International Cross Country Championships five times in a row , in 1967-1971 . She collected silver medals in the 800 m at the Pan American Games , in 1967 and 1971 > She placed fifth in the 800 at the 1968 Summer Olympics . Brown briefly held the world record in the 3000 m in 1971 . After retiring from competitions she had a long career as a running coach , and helped prepare the national women 's team to the 1984 Summer Olympics . She was inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame , National Track Coaches Hall of Fame and National Distance Running Hall of Fame ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Beth_Bonner', 'summary': "Elizabeth Beth Bonner ( June 9 , 1952 - October 9 , 1998 ) was a long-distance runner from Reedsville , West Virginia . On May 9 , 1971 , Bonner ran a 3:01:42 marathon time in Philadelphia at the AAU Eastern Regional Championships , breaking the world best set one year earlier by Caroline Walker . On September 19 , 1971 , she became the first winner of the women 's division of the New York City Marathon at the age of 19 . Some sources question the validity of Adrienne Beames ' 2:46:30 time one month earlier , so Bonner 's 2:55:22 performance at New York is frequently credited as the first sub-three hour performance by a woman . She attended Brandywine College . In 1994 she was coaching in Louisiana . She died in Kerrville , Texas in 1998 when she was hit by a truck while biking . An annual 5K run is held in her name in Arthurdale , West Virginia ."}]}, {'value': '51', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': 'Berny Lenferink Annie van den Kerkhof Anneke Stalman Joke van de Stelt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berny_Lenferink', 'summary': 'Bernardina Maria Berny Boxem-Lenferink ( née Lenferink on 12 May 1948 ) is a retired Dutch middle-distance runner . She competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in the 1500 metres event and finished in ninth place . She won a silver medal at the 1971 International Cross Country Championships'}]}, {'value': '71', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wales', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wales', 'summary': "Wales ( Welsh : Cymru [ ˈkəmri ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It is bordered by England to the east , the Irish Sea to the north and west , and the Bristol Channel to the south . It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2 ( 8,023 sq mi ) . Wales has over 1,680 miles ( 2,700 km ) of coastline and is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas , including Snowdon ( Yr Wyddfa ) , its highest summit . The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable , maritime climate . Welsh national identity emerged among the Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century , and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations . Llywelyn ap Gruffudd 's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England 's conquest of Wales , though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century . The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century . Welsh Liberalism , exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George , was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party . Welsh national feeling grew over the century ; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962 . Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998 , the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters ."}]}, {'value': 'Thelwyn Bateman Jean Lochhead Bronwen Cardy Gloria Dourass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bronwen_Cardy-Wise', 'summary': 'Bronwen Cardy-Wise ( born Bronwen Cardy 26 Jan 1952 ) is a British long-distance runner . She competed in the Half Marathon for Britain at the 1993 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and was a regular winner of British Half-Marathon races during the 1980s and 1990s . Cardy-Wise was a member of Bromsgrove & Redditch Athletic Club . . She won many British domestic races during the eighties and nineties which led in 1993 to selection for the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships . In a British team which included Suzanne Rigg , Marian Sutton , Sue Dilnot , Teresa Dyer she finished 59th in a time of 1:16:33 . Cardy-Wise continued running in Masters athletics competition taking part in the 2001 World Masters Athletics Championships in Brisbane while working as a Prison officer . She came second in the W45 1500m in 4:56.24 , winning both the 5000m in 17:34.37 and 10000m in 36:20.10 .'}]}, {'value': '90', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': 'Zina Boniolo Waltraud Egger Margherita Gargano Giuseppina Torello', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Margherita_Gargano', 'summary': 'Margherita Gargano ( born November 18 , 1952 in Bagheria , Province of Palermo ) is a former female middle distance runner from Italy .'}]}, {'value': '98', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ) , also known as the Republic of Ireland ( Poblacht na hÉireann ) , is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland . The capital and largest city is Dublin , which is located on the eastern side of the island . Around a third of the country 's population of 4.9 million people resides in the greater Dublin area . The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland , a part of the United Kingdom . It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the Celtic Sea to the south , St George 's Channel to the south-east , and the Irish Sea to the east . It is a unitary , parliamentary republic . The legislature , the Oireachtas , consists of a lower house , Dáil Éireann , an upper house , Seanad Éireann , and an elected President ( Uachtarán ) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state , but with some important powers and duties . The head of government is the Taoiseach ( Prime Minister , literally 'Chief ' , a title not used in English ) , who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President ; the Taoiseach in turn appoints other government ministers . The state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty . It had the status of Dominion until 1937 when a new constitution was adopted , in which the state was named Ireland and effectively became a republic , with an elected non-executive president as head of state . It was officially declared a republic in 1949 , following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 . Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955 ."}]}, {'value': "Ann O'Brien Deirdre Foreman Mary Lynch Kate Moroney", 'urls': []}, {'value': '111', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotland', 'summary': 'Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'Christine Haskett Margaret MacSherry Sandra Sutherland Ann Barrass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christine_Haskett', 'summary': 'Christine Price ( née Haskett ; born 30 November 1952 ) is a former British middle- and long-distance runner , who represented Scotland At the 1970 British Commonwealth Games she placed eighth in the 1500 metres and at the 1986 Commonwealth Games tenth in the 10,000 metres . Ten times she started at the World Cross Country Championships , with following places :'}]}, {'value': '124', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': 'Belen Azpeitia Pilar San Martin Begona Zuñiga Maria Fuentes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '156', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'Christina van Loock Liève van den Broeck Josee van Santberghe Monique Dockx', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josee_van_Santberghe', 'summary': 'Joske Van Santberghe ( born 8 August 1949 ) is a Belgian middle- and long-distance runner . She competed mainly in cross country running and was bronze medallist at the 1973 IAAF World Cross Country Championships , held on home turf in Waregem . Van Santberghe represented Belgium for five straight years across the International Cross Country Championships and the IAAF World Cross Country Championships , from 1970 to 1974 . During her career she was a member of Daring Club Leuven athletics club and claimed five national titles , four in cross country and one in the 1500 metres . In 1972 she married fellow Belgian world cross country medallist Eric De Beck .'}]}, {'value': '190', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': "Team Results -- Women 's", 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1971_International_Cross_Country_Championships_5', 'intro': 'The 1971 International Cross Country Championships was held in San Sebastián, Spain, at the Lasarte Hippodrome on March 20, 1971. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald. Complete results for men, junior men, women, medallists, \n and the results of British athletes were published.'}	null	null	Where was the athlete representing the country with the most World Heritage Sites in the world born ?	Bagheria
0a26b9324fb1e634	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flag_bearers_for_Antigua_and_Barbuda_at_the_Olympics', 'title': 'List of flag bearers for Antigua and Barbuda at the Olympics', 'header': ['#', 'Event year', 'Season', 'Flag bearer', 'Sport'], 'data': [{'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Portuguese : Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , [ a ] officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( Portuguese : Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada ) and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August . These were the first Olympic Games ever to be held in South America and the fourth to be held in a developing country , after the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico , the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in China . More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees took part , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus . These were the first Summer Olympic Games to take place under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city ever to host the Olympic Games . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country 's winter season , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere . The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold and overall medals , 46 and 121 , as well as its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after it had been host nation . China finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daniel Bailey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Bailey', 'summary': 'Daniel Everton Bailey ( born 9 September 1986 ) is a male sprinter from Antigua and Barbuda who specialises in the 100 metres . He carried the flag for his native country at the opening ceremony of the 2004 Summer Olympics , 2012 Summer Olympics , and the 2016 Summer Olympics and was a 100 m semi-finalist at the 2008 Beijing Olympics . He came to prominence in 2009 with a 100 m win in the IAAF Golden League and a fourth-place finish at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics . He was the bronze medallist over 60 metres at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships and has also won sprint medals at Caribbean regional level . His personal best of 9.91 seconds is the Antiguan national record over 100 m .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics were held during the last 10 days of the games , from 12-21 August 2016 , at the Olympic Stadium . The sport of athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics was made into three distinct sets of events : track and field events , road running events , and racewalking events .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daniel Bailey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Bailey', 'summary': 'Daniel Everton Bailey ( born 9 September 1986 ) is a male sprinter from Antigua and Barbuda who specialises in the 100 metres . He carried the flag for his native country at the opening ceremony of the 2004 Summer Olympics , 2012 Summer Olympics , and the 2016 Summer Olympics and was a 100 m semi-finalist at the 2008 Beijing Olympics . He came to prominence in 2009 with a 100 m win in the IAAF Golden League and a fourth-place finish at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics . He was the bronze medallist over 60 metres at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships and has also won sprint medals at Caribbean regional level . His personal best of 9.91 seconds is the Antiguan national record over 100 m .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Grayman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Grayman', 'summary': "James Theophilus Grayman ( born 11 October 1985 ) is a male high jumper from Antigua and Barbuda . He was born and raised in Parham Town by his mother Evelyn Sheppard . He is the cousin of St. Peter 's Youth Branch Chairperson Chaneil Jackson . His personal best jump is 2.27 metres , achieved in July 2007 in Pergine Valsugana . This is the current Antiguan and Barbudan record ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daniel Bailey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Bailey', 'summary': 'Daniel Everton Bailey ( born 9 September 1986 ) is a male sprinter from Antigua and Barbuda who specialises in the 100 metres . He carried the flag for his native country at the opening ceremony of the 2004 Summer Olympics , 2012 Summer Olympics , and the 2016 Summer Olympics and was a 100 m semi-finalist at the 2008 Beijing Olympics . He came to prominence in 2009 with a 100 m win in the IAAF Golden League and a fourth-place finish at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics . He was the bronze medallist over 60 metres at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships and has also won sprint medals at Caribbean regional level . His personal best of 9.91 seconds is the Antiguan national record over 100 m .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heather Samuel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heather_Samuel', 'summary': 'Heather Barbara Samuel ( born 6 July 1970 ) is a retired sprinter from Antigua and Barbuda who specialized in the 100 and 200 metres . In 1990 she won two medals at the Central American and Caribbean Games with a silver medal in the 100 metres and a bronze medal in the 200 metres . Samuel was a sprinter/jumper at Murray State University in Murray , Kentucky from 1991 to 1994 ; in 2004 she was selected for the Murray State Athletics Hall of Fame . Her World Championships debut came in 1993 , when she competed in 100 and 200 m at the 1993 World Championships . She did not reach the final in either event . In May that year she had achieved a career best time over the 100 m , clocking 11.20 seconds in Indianapolis . In May the next year she clocked a career best time of 23.20 over 200 metres in Atlanta . In 1995 she became Central American and Caribbean Champion for the only time . She again competed in two events at the World Championships , again without reaching the final , and repeated this at the 1997 World Championships . In 1999 she made her debut at the World Indoor Championships , and only competed in the 100 metres at the World Championships the same year . She competed in the 100 m as well as her last world-level 200 m at the 2000 Summer Olympics , and in the 60 m at the 2001 World Indoor Championships , again without reaching the final round . However , she repeated her success from 1990 at the Central American and Caribbean Games , once again winning a silver and a bronze medal .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heather Samuel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heather_Samuel', 'summary': 'Heather Barbara Samuel ( born 6 July 1970 ) is a retired sprinter from Antigua and Barbuda who specialized in the 100 and 200 metres . In 1990 she won two medals at the Central American and Caribbean Games with a silver medal in the 100 metres and a bronze medal in the 200 metres . Samuel was a sprinter/jumper at Murray State University in Murray , Kentucky from 1991 to 1994 ; in 2004 she was selected for the Murray State Athletics Hall of Fame . Her World Championships debut came in 1993 , when she competed in 100 and 200 m at the 1993 World Championships . She did not reach the final in either event . In May that year she had achieved a career best time over the 100 m , clocking 11.20 seconds in Indianapolis . In May the next year she clocked a career best time of 23.20 over 200 metres in Atlanta . In 1995 she became Central American and Caribbean Champion for the only time . She again competed in two events at the World Championships , again without reaching the final , and repeated this at the 1997 World Championships . In 1999 she made her debut at the World Indoor Championships , and only competed in the 100 metres at the World Championships the same year . She competed in the 100 m as well as her last world-level 200 m at the 2000 Summer Olympics , and in the 60 m at the 2001 World Indoor Championships , again without reaching the final round . However , she repeated her success from 1990 at the Central American and Caribbean Games , once again winning a silver and a bronze medal .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jocelyn Joseph', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jocelyn_Joseph', 'summary': "Jocelyn Joseph ( born 11 February 1964 ) is an Antigua and Barbuda sprinter . She competed in the women 's 200 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1984 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12 , 1984 , in Los Angeles , California , United States ( and other venues around the United States ) . This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games , the first being in 1932 . California was the home state of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games . The logo for the 1984 Games , branded Stars in Motion , featured red , white and blue stars arranged horizontally and struck through with alternating streaks . The official mascot of the Games was Sam the Olympic Eagle . These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by a total of fourteen Eastern Bloc countries , including the Soviet Union and East Germany , in response to the American-led boycott of the previous 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation that opted to attend the Games . Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games for unrelated reasons . Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to the boycott , 140 National Olympic Committees took part , which was a record at the time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics and served as an example of how to run the model Olympic Games . As a result of low construction costs , coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding , the 1984 Olympic Games generated a profit of more than $ 250 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lester Benjamin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lester_Benjamin', 'summary': 'Lester Benjamin ( born 14 September 1963 ) is a retired Antiguan and Barbudan long jumper .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Antigua and Barbuda at theOlympicsIOC codeANTNOCThe Antigua and Barbuda Olympic AssociationMedals Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 Summer appearances197619801984198819921996200020042008201220162020 This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Antigua and Barbuda at the Olympics . [ 1 ] Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games .', 'uid': 'List_of_flag_bearers_for_Antigua_and_Barbuda_at_the_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Antigua and Barbuda at the Olympics. Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.'}	null	null	What is the personal best time in the 100 m of the flag bearer for Antigua and Barbuda during the 2012 Olympics ?	9.91 seconds
0a27c7d94c7d8550	hybridqa	{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_O'Neill_(actor)", 'title': "Michael O'Neill (actor)", 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'H.E.L.P', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/H.E.L.P.', 'summary': 'H.E.L.P . is an American television drama series which aired on ABC for one season as a mid-season replacement for Mission : Impossible , which was a replacement for Mr. Belvedere in March 1990 . John Mahoney starred as Chief Patrick Meacham of the New York City Fire Department . Wesley Snipes played police officer Lou Barton and David Caruso played police officer Frank Sardoni of the NYPD . The premise of the show was based on an experimental combined emergency services station ( the Harlem Eastside Life-saving Program , or HELP ) in New York City that co-located the resources of the Fire Department , Police Department and Emergency Medical Services . Although H.E.L.P . was canceled after only a brief initial season , the concept of a show involving all three branches of NYC emergency services was successfully reintroduced nine years later with the 1999 debut of Third Watch , which ran for six seasons on NBC .'}]}, {'value': 'Cabot', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Are You There , Alpha Centauri ?', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'L.A. Law', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/L.A._Law', 'summary': "L.A. Law is an American legal drama television series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features , including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , CCH Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , Steve Buscemi and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett , and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series ."}]}, {'value': 'Mr. Moran', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : My Friend Flicker', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Picket Fences', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Picket_Fences', 'summary': "Picket Fences is an American family drama television series about the residents of the town of Rome , Wisconsin , created and produced by David E. Kelley . The show initially ran from September 18 , 1992 , to June 26 , 1996 , on the CBS television network in the United States . It sometimes struggled to maintain a stable primetime audience and had fluctuating ratings , due in part to its Friday night time slot . In its first season on the air it placed 80th in the prime-time Nielsen ratings and in its second season it moved to 66th . The show 's exteriors were shot in the L.A. suburb of Monrovia , California , with many of the townspeople appearing in the background of episodes ."}]}, {'value': 'Prosecutor Larry Adler', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : System Down', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Days of Our Lives', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Days_of_Our_Lives', 'summary': "Days of Our Lives ( also stylized as Days of our Lives ; often abbreviated to DOOL or Days ) is an American daytime soap opera broadcast on NBC . It is one of the longest-running scripted television programs in the world , airing nearly every weekday since November 8 , 1965 . [ dead link ] A co-production of Corday Productions and Sony Pictures Television , the series was created by husband-and-wife team Ted Corday and Betty Corday . During Days of Our Lives ' early years , Irna Phillips ( creator of former NBC stablemate Another World as well as its former CBS rivals , As the World Turns and Guiding Light ) served as a story editor for the program and many of the show 's earliest storylines were written by William J . Bell ( who would depart the series in 1975 to focus full-time on The Young and the Restless , which he created for CBS in 1973 ) . The series primarily focuses on its core families , the Hortons and the Bradys . Several other families have been added to the cast , and many of them still appear on the show . Frances Reid , the matriarch of the series ' Horton family , remained with the show from its inception to her death on February 3 , 2010 , although her last formal appearance occurred in December 2007 . Suzanne Rogers is the longest-serving member of the program 's current cast and the longest-serving current cast member of an ongoing American soap opera , having appeared on the show since August 1973 . ( Rogers celebrated 40 years on Days of Our Lives in 2013 . ) Susan Seaforth Hayes - the second longest-serving actor currently on the program - is the only cast member to appear on Days of Our Lives in all six decades it has been on the air , having made her first appearance in December 1968 as a recast of original character Julie Olson . Due to the series ' success , Days was expanded from 30 minutes to 60 minutes on April 21 , 1975 ."}]}, {'value': 'Father Jansen', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'One West Waikiki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/One_West_Waikiki', 'summary': 'One West Waikiki is an American crime drama television series which aired from August 4 , 1994 until May 25 , 1996 on CBS then on first-run syndication for its second season The series was set in Hawaii , and starred Cheryl Ladd and Richard Burgi . It was nominated for a Primetime Emmy in 1995 . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Manpower', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Cape', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Cape_(1996_TV_series)', 'summary': 'The Cape is an American dramatic TV series , with elements of science fiction , action/adventure , and drama , that was produced for syndication during the 1996-97 television season . The Cape told the story of select members of the NASA Astronaut Corps at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida with a focus on their personal lives as they train for , and execute , Space Shuttle missions . The series stars Corbin Bernsen as USAF Colonel Henry J . Bull Eckert , an experienced astronaut who , early in the series , was the Director of Astronaut Training but later in the series was also tasked with the responsibility of Chief of the Astronaut Office . The series focused on authenticity and was filmed in and around Cape Canaveral , Florida . Former astronaut Buzz Aldrin also served as technical consultant .'}]}, {'value': 'Keith Mason', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : The Need to Know', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Pretender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Pretender_(TV_series)', 'summary': "The Pretender is an American action drama television series created by Steven Long Mitchell and Craig W. Van Sickle , that aired on NBC from September 19 , 1996 to May 13 , 2000 . It was part of NBC 's action programming block , Thrillogy . The series follows Jarod , a young man on the run who is a Pretender : a genius impostor able to quickly master the complex skill sets necessary to impersonate a member of any profession . In each episode , Jarod assumes a new professional identity ( e.g . doctor , lawyer , soldier ) in his quest to uncover his origins , deliver justice to criminal wrongdoers who evade the law , and stay one step ahead of The Centre , the sinister think tank that kidnapped Jarod as a child to exploit his Pretender abilities . According to show creators Steven Long Mitchell and Craig Van Sickle , the character of Jarod was inspired by serial impostor Ferdinand Waldo Demara . Following NBC 's cancellation of the series , two television movies continuing the storyline were aired on TNT : The Pretender 2001 and The Pretender : Island of the Haunted . In 2013 , creators Steven Long Mitchell and Craig W. Van Sickle began updating the story with a series of books and graphic novels . The first , The Pretender : Rebirth , was published on October 7 , 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Captain Harrigan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Police_captain', 'summary': 'A captain is a police rank in some countries , such as the United States and France .'}]}, {'value': 'Episode : The Better Part of Valor', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Millennium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Millennium_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Millennium is an American television series created by Chris Carter ( creator of The X-Files ) , which aired on Fox between 1996 and 1999 . The series follows the investigations of ex-FBI agent Frank Black ( Lance Henriksen ) , now a consultant , with the ability to see inside the minds of criminals , working for a mysterious organization known as the Millennium Group . The series was filmed in Vancouver , British Columbia , though most episodes were ostensibly set in or around Seattle , Washington . The theme music was composed by Mark Snow , who also created the distinctive theme music for The X-Files . Although the series premiered with impressive ratings , viewership declined throughout its three-season run , and it was canceled by Fox in early 1999 . A seventh-season episode of The X-Files , titled Millennium , featured the Millennium Group and Frank Black , as a way of giving the show some closure . In 2018 , the show was ranked # 87 in Rotten Tomatoes 's 100 Best Sci-Fi TV Shows of All Time ."}]}, {'value': 'County Prosecutor Calvin Smith', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Covenant', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Covenant_(Millennium)', 'summary': "'Covenant is the sixteenth episode of the first season of the American crime-thriller television series Millennium . It premiered on the Fox network on March 21 , 1997 . The episode was written by Robert Moresco , and directed by Roderick J. Pridy . Covenant featured guest appearances by John Finn , Michael O'Neill and Sarah Koskoff . Millennium Group consultant Frank Black ( Lance Henriksen ) travels to Utah to construct a profile on a convicted murderer ( Finn ) who is asking for the death sentence . Reconstructing the crime , Black begins to doubt the man 's guilt . Elements of Covenant were inspired by real-life murderers Albert Fish , Susan Smith and Arthur Shawcross . The episode was viewed by approximately 6.7 million households in its original broadcast . It has received positive reviews , with Moresco 's script praised for its subtlety ."}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Orleans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orleans_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Orleans is an American drama television series created by Toni Graphia and John Sacret Young , that aired on CBS from January 7 through April 10 , 1997 . It ran for 8 episodes . The series was said to be inspired by the experiences of creator/producer Toni Graphia , who was the daughter of a Louisiana judge .'}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Episode : Luther 's Temptation", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Shining', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Shining_(miniseries)', 'summary': "The Shining ( stylized as Stephen King 's The Shining ) is a three-episode horror television miniseries based on the Stephen King book of the same name . Directed by Mick Garris from King 's teleplay , it is the second adaptation of King 's book after a 1980 film by Stanley Kubrick and was written and produced by King based on his dissatisfaction with Kubrick 's version . ABC was quick to offer King the ability to write his script for the adaptation of his book thanks to previous successes with King miniseries such as It ( 1990 ) , The Tommyknockers ( 1993 ) , and The Stand ( 1994 ) , which was also directed by Garris . The miniseries was shot at The Stanley Hotel in Estes Park , Colorado , King 's inspiration for the novel , in March 1997 . The 1997 adaptation stars Steven Weber as Jack Torrance ; Rebecca De Mornay as Jack 's wife Wendy ; Courtland Mead and Wil Horneff as different-aged versions of Danny Torrance ; and Melvin Van Peebles as Dick Hallorann . Actors such as Pat Hingle , Elliott Gould , John Durbin , Stanley Anderson , Lisa Thornhill , and Garris ' wife Cynthia appear in supporting roles ; and several notable writers and filmmakers who work in the horror genre also cameo in the miniseries ' ballroom scene , King himself appearing as an orchestra conductor . Originally airing from April 27 to May 1 , 1997 on ABC , The Shining enjoyed a favorable reception when it first aired . It was a ratings hit , being in the top 20 of daily viewership numbers for all three episodes ; acclaimed by critics for its careful pacing , depth , and creepy atmosphere ; and won two Primetime Emmy and two Saturn Awards . However , retrospective critics have viewed the miniseries less fondly , comparing it unfavorably to Kubrick 's film version ."}]}, {'value': 'Dr. Daniel Edwards', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : # 1.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The X-Files', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_X-Files', 'summary': "The X-Files is an American science fiction drama television series created by Chris Carter . The original television series aired from September 10 , 1993 to May 19 , 2002 on Fox . The program spanned nine seasons , with 202 episodes . A short tenth season consisting of six episodes premiered on January 24 , 2016 , and concluded on February 22 , 2016 . Following the ratings success of this revival , Fox announced in April 2017 that The X-Files would be returning for an eleventh season of ten episodes . The season premiered on January 3 , 2018 , concluding on March 21 , 2018 . In addition to the television series , two feature films have been released : The 1998 film The X-Files , which took place as part of the TV series continuity , and the stand-alone film The X-Files : I Want to Believe , released in 2008 , six years after the original television run had ended . The series revolves around Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) , and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who investigate X-Files : marginalized , unsolved cases involving paranormal phenomena . Mulder believes in the existence of aliens and the paranormal while Scully , a medical doctor and a skeptic , is assigned to scientifically analyze Mulder 's discoveries , offer alternate rational theories to his work , and thus return him to mainstream cases . Early in the series , both agents become pawns in a larger conflict and come to trust only each other and a few select people . The agents also discover an agenda of the government to keep the existence of extraterrestrial life a secret . They develop a close relationship which begins as a platonic friendship , but becomes a romance by the end of the series ."}]}, {'value': 'The Patrol Captain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Drive', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drive_(The_X-Files)', 'summary': "Drive is the second episode of the sixth season of the science fiction television series The X-Files . It premiered on the Fox network in the United States on November 15 , 1998 . The episode is a Monster-of-the-Week story , unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . Drive earned a Nielsen household rating of 11.0 , being watched by 18.5 million people in its initial broadcast . The episode received largely positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In the episode , Mulder is trapped in a car by a seemingly deranged man , and Scully races to determine if the man is suffering from a deadly illness - and if Mulder is in danger of becoming the next victim of some sort of government conspiracy . The episode was written by Vince Gilligan , directed by Rob Bowman , and featured a guest appearance by Bryan Cranston . Gilligan cast Cranston to play the antagonist because he felt he could successfully humanize the role . Cranston 's success in Drive later led to his casting as Walter White in Gilligan 's AMC series Breaking Bad ."}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roswell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roswell_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Roswell is an American science fiction television series developed , produced , and co-written by Jason Katims . The series debuted on October 6 , 1999 , on The WB and moved to UPN for the third season . The final episode aired on May 14 , 2002 . Sixty-one episodes in total were broadcast over the show 's three seasons . In the United Kingdom , the show aired as both Roswell High and Roswell . The series is based on the Roswell High young adult book series , written by Melinda Metz and edited by Laura J. Burns , who became staff writers for the television series . A re-imagining series was ordered to series on May 11 , 2018 and premiered on January 15 , 2019 on The CW ."}]}, {'value': 'Phillip Evans', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : The Morning After', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JAG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/JAG_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'JAG ( U.S. military acronym for Judge Advocate General ) is an American legal drama television series with a U.S. Navy theme , created by Donald P. Bellisario , and produced by Belisarius Productions in association with Paramount Network Television ( now CBS Television Studios ) . The series was originally aired on NBC for one season from September 23 , 1995 , to May 22 , 1996 , and then on CBS for an additional nine seasons from January 3 , 1997 , to April 29 , 2005 . The first season was co-produced with NBC Productions ( now Universal Television ) and was originally perceived as a Top Gun meets A Few Good Men hybrid series . In the spring of 1996 , NBC announced that the series had been canceled after finishing 79th in the ratings , leaving one episode unaired . In December 1996 , the rival network CBS announced it had picked up the series as a mid-season replacement and aired 15 new episodes as its second season . For several seasons , JAG climbed in the ratings and ultimately ran for nine additional seasons . JAG furthermore spawned the hit series NCIS , which in turn led to spin-offs NCIS : Los Angeles and NCIS : New Orleans . In total , 227 episodes were produced over 10 seasons . At the time of the original airing of its fifth season in the United States , JAG was seen in over 90 countries worldwide . JAG entered syndication in early 1999 .'}]}, {'value': 'Cmdr . Bradley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cmdr.', 'summary': 'Commander is a common naval and air force officer rank . Commander is also used as a rank or title in other formal organisations , including several police forces . In several countries this naval rank is termed Frigate Captain . Commander is also a generic term for an officer commanding any armed forces unit , for example platoon commander , brigade commander and squadron commander . In the police , terms such as borough commander and incident commander are used .'}]}, {'value': 'Episode : Shakedown', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999-2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The West Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_West_Wing', 'summary': "The West Wing is an American serial political drama television series created by Aaron Sorkin that was originally broadcast on NBC from September 22 , 1999 , to May 14 , 2006 . The series is set primarily in the West Wing of the White House , where the Oval Office and offices of presidential senior staff are located , during the fictitious Democratic administration of Josiah Bartlet . The West Wing was produced by Warner Bros. Television and featured an ensemble cast , including Martin Sheen , John Spencer , Allison Janney , Rob Lowe , Bradley Whitford , Richard Schiff , Janel Moloney , and Stockard Channing . For the first four seasons , there were three executive producers : Sorkin ( lead writer of almost all of the first four seasons ) , Thomas Schlamme ( primary director ) , and John Wells . After Sorkin left the series , Wells assumed the role of head writer , with later executive producers being directors Alex Graves and Christopher Misiano ( seasons 6-7 ) , and writers Lawrence O'Donnell Jr. and Peter Noah ( season 7 ) . The West Wing is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential television series . It has been ranked among the best television shows of all time in publications such as Time , TV Guide , Empire , Rolling Stone , and the New York Daily News . The Writers Guild of America ranked it no . 10 in its 101 Best-Written TV Series list . It has received praise from critics , political science professors , and former White House staffers and has been the subject of critical analysis . The West Wing received a multitude of accolades , including two Peabody Awards , three Golden Globe Awards , and 26 Primetime Emmy Awards , including the award for Outstanding Drama Series , which it won four consecutive times from 2000-2003 . The show 's ratings waned in later years following the departure of series creator Sorkin after the fourth season ( Sorkin wrote or co-wrote 85 of the first 88 episodes ) , yet it remained popular among high-income viewers , a key demographic for the show and its advertisers , with around 16 million viewers ."}]}, {'value': 'Secret Service Agent Ron Butterfield', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chicago Hope', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_Hope', 'summary': 'Chicago Hope is an American medical drama television series , created by David E. Kelley . It originally aired on CBS from September 18 , 1994 , to May 4 , 2000 . The series is set in a fictional private charitable hospital in Chicago , Illinois .'}]}, {'value': 'Bill Wyzinski', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Episode : Everybody 's Special at Chicago Hope", 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NYPD Blue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NYPD_Blue', 'summary': "NYPD Blue is an American police procedural drama television series set in New York City , exploring the struggles of the fictional 15th Precinct detective squad in Manhattan . Each episode typically intertwines several plots involving an ensemble cast . The show was created by Steven Bochco and David Milch , and was inspired by Milch 's relationship with Bill Clark , a former member of the New York City Police Department who eventually became one of the show 's producers . The series was originally broadcast on the ABC network , debuted on September 21 , 1993‚ and aired its final episode on March 1 , 2005 . It was ABC 's longest-running primetime one-hour drama series until Grey 's Anatomy surpassed it in 2016 . NYPD Blue was met with critical acclaim , praised for its grittiness and realistic portrayal of the cast 's personal and professional lives , though the show garnered controversy for its depiction of nudity and alcoholism . In 1997 , True Confessions ( Season 1 , Episode 4 ) , written by Art Monterastelli and directed by Charles Haid , was ranked # 36 on TV Guide 's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time . In 2009 , Hearts and Souls ( Season 6 , Episode 5 ) , Jimmy Smits ' final episode as a main cast member , # 30 on TV Guide 's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time ."}]}, {'value': 'Capt . Chuck Dowling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Police_captain', 'summary': 'A captain is a police rank in some countries , such as the United States and France .'}]}, {'value': 'Episode : Peeping Tommy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diagnosis : Murder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diagnosis:_Murder', 'summary': "Diagnosis Murder is an American action-comedy-mystery-medical crime drama television series starring Dick Van Dyke as Dr. Mark Sloan , a medical doctor who solves crimes with the help of his son Steve , a homicide detective played by Van Dyke 's real-life son Barry . The series began as a spin-off of Jake and the Fatman ( Dr. Mark Sloan made his first appearance in episode 4.19 It Never Entered My Mind ) , became a series of three TV movies , and then a weekly television series that debuted on CBS on October 29 , 1993 . Joyce Burditt wrote the episode in Jake and the Fatman and is listed here as the creator of the spin off series . The series struggled at first and was almost canceled at the end of the second season , but it returned as a midseason replacement in the third season , and was regularly renewed thereafter . 178 episodes were made and aired in the show 's eight seasons on the CBS network in the United States and two more TV movies aired after the series ' cancellation on May 11 , 2001 . The show was produced by The Fred Silverman Company and Dean Hargrove Productions in association with Viacom Productions and is currently distributed by CBS Television Distribution . In the Jake and the Fatman episode , Dr. Mark Sloan was a widower with no sons . Dr. Amanda Bentley is played by Cynthia Gibb in the TV movies and , finally , by Victoria Rowell in the TV series . Stephen Caffrey played Dr. Jack Parker in the movies , a role that went to Scott Baio as Dr. Jack Stewart in the weekly series ( first two seasons ) . The first two TV movies were shot in Vancouver , British Columbia , and the third was shot in Denver , Colorado . The first few episodes of the series were also shot ( and set ) in Denver , before quickly ( and without explanation ) shifting to Los Angeles for the remainder of the show 's run . Since 1997 , reruns of the show have been shown in syndication and on Freeform ( formerly ABC Family and originally CBN Satellite Service ) , Ion Television ( formerly PAX-TV ) , Hallmark Channel , CBS Action and MeTV ."}]}, {'value': "Sheriff Buck O'Hara", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : No Good Deed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/24_(TV_series)', 'summary': "24 is an American action drama television series created by Joel Surnow and Robert Cochran for Fox . The series stars Kiefer Sutherland as counter-terrorist agent Jack Bauer . Each season , comprising 24 episodes , covers 24 hours in Bauer 's life using the real time method of narration . Premiering on November 6 , 2001 , the show spanned 192 episodes over eight seasons ; the series finale broadcast on May 24 , 2010 . In addition , a television film , 24 : Redemption , was broadcast between seasons six and seven , on November 23 , 2008 . 24 returned with a ninth season titled 24 : Live Another Day , which aired from May 5 to July 14 , 2014 . 24 : Legacy , a spin-off series featuring new characters , premiered on February 5 , 2017 . After the cancellation of Legacy in June 2017 , Fox announced its plan to develop a new incarnation of the franchise . 24 is a joint production by Imagine Television and 20th Century Fox Television and syndicated by 20th Television . The series begins with Bauer working for the Los Angeles-based Counter Terrorist Unit , in which he is a highly proficient agent with an ends justify the means approach , regardless of the perceived morality of some of his actions . Throughout the series most of the main plot elements unfold like a political thriller . A typical plot has Bauer racing against the clock as he attempts to thwart multiple terrorist plots , including presidential assassination attempts , weapons of mass destruction detonations , bioterrorism , cyber attacks , as well as conspiracies that deal with government and corporate corruption ."}]}, {'value': 'Richard Walsh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richard_Walsh_(24_character)', 'summary': 'The following is a list of characters in the television series 24 by season and event . The list first names the actor , followed by the character . Some characters have their own pages ; see the box below .'}]}, {'value': '2 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001-2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston Public', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Public', 'summary': 'Boston Public is an American drama television series created by David E. Kelley and broadcast on Fox . Set in Boston , the series centers on Winslow High School , a fictional public high school in the Boston Public Schools district . It features a large ensemble cast and focuses on the work and private lives of the various teachers , students , and administrators at the school . It aired from October 2000 to January 2004 . Its slogan was Every day is a fight . For respect . For dignity . For sanity .'}]}, {'value': 'Dr. Bernard Colbert', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ally McBeal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ally_McBeal', 'summary': 'Ally McBeal is an American legal comedy-drama television series , originally aired on Fox from September 8 , 1997 , to May 20 , 2002 . Created by David E. Kelley , the series stars Calista Flockhart in the title role as a lawyer working in the fictional Boston law firm Cage and Fish , with other lawyers whose lives and loves were eccentric , humorous , and dramatic . The series received critical acclaim in its early seasons , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series - Musical or Comedy in 1997 and 1998 , and also winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1999 .'}]}, {'value': 'Dr. Colbert', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : All of Me', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Television', 'section_text': '', 'uid': "Michael_O'Neill_(actor)_1", 'intro': "Michael O'Neill (born May 29, 1947) is an American actor."}	null	null	On what network did the character of Sheriff Buck O'Hara appear ?	CBS
0a2aa6aa4cad3119	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Sinaloa', 'title': 'Municipalities of Sinaloa', 'header': ['INEGI code', 'Municipality', 'Municipal seat', 'Population', 'Rank', 'Foundation'], 'data': [{'value': '001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ahome', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahome_Municipality', 'summary': 'Ahome ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aˈome ] ) is a municipality on the coast of the Gulf of California in the northwestern part of the Mexican state of Sinaloa ; it is adjacent to the southern border of Sonora state . It reported 388,344 inhabitants in the 2005 census . Ahome ( population 10,840 ) is also the name of the second-largest community in the municipality . The municipal seat is the port city of Los Mochis , its largest community . It is the third most important municipality in the state of Sinaloa , and is a commercial corridor to the northwest of the country . It is situated on the Pacific coastal plain , at the entrance of the Gulf of California and lies in the heart of a rich agricultural region , Fort Valley . It stands at 25°33′50″N 108°46′00″W / 25.56389°N 108.76667°W / 25.56389 ; -108.76667 .'}]}, {'value': 'Los Mochis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Mochis', 'summary': "Los Mochis ( Spanish pronunciation : [ los ˈmotʃis ] ) is a coastal city in northern Sinaloa , Mexico . It serves as the municipal seat of the municipality of Ahome . As of the 2010 census , the population was 362,613 , which was 61 percent of the municipality 's population . Los Mochis is the western terminus of the Chihuahua-Pacific Railroad ( El Chepe ) , which passes through the scenic Copper Canyon . This railway was originally conceived by Albert K. Owen and approved by President Porfirio Díaz as a trade route linking the cattle markets in Kansas City with the nearest port on the Pacific Ocean , Topolobampo . Today the North Pacific irrigation region ( Sinaloa-Sonora ) in which the Fort Valley is the largest district and is the principal agricultural area of Sinaloa , containing over 70% of all irrigated land and producing sugar cane , cotton , rice , flowers , and many types of vegetables . The valley is one of the largest producers of mangoes in Mexico . Air transportation is provided by Los Mochis International Airport . Nearby Topolobampo is the second largest natural deepwater port in the world , and is known for its commercial fishing and increasingly important role in shipping ."}]}, {'value': '416,299', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1917', 'urls': []}, {'value': '002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Angostura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angostura_Municipality,_Sinaloa', 'summary': 'Angostura Municipality is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico . Its seat is the city of Angostura . It stands at 25°21′54″N 108°09′43″W / 25.36500°N 108.16194°W / 25.36500 ; -108.16194 . According to 2010 census , it had a population of 44,993 inhabitants .'}]}, {'value': 'Angostura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angostura,_Mexico', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': '44,993', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1916', 'urls': []}, {'value': '003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Badiraguato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Badiraguato_Municipality', 'summary': "Municipality of Badiraguato is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico . The seat of the municipality is in the small town of Badiraguato . The municipality is in the Sierra Madre Occidental . It is the birthplace of Joaquín Guzmán Loera , Mexico 's most powerful drug lord ."}]}, {'value': 'Badiraguato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Badiraguato', 'summary': "Badiraguato is a small city and seat of the Badiraguato Municipality in the Mexican state of Sinaloa . It stands at 25°21′47″N 107°33′06″W / 25.36306°N 107.55167°W / 25.36306 ; -107.55167 . According to 2010 census , the city reported 3,725 inhabitants . It is the birthplace of Joaquín Guzmán Loera , Mexico 's most powerful drug lord . Badiraguato is located near the municipality of Culiacán . The Sierra Madre Occidental cross Badiragua and provide temperate forest ecosystems in parts of the municipality . Badiraguato has a varied climate , from hot and arid to snowy forests in its higher parts . Areas vary from 44.5 celsius degrees , the hottest , to 9 degrees below zero , the coldest ."}]}, {'value': '29,999', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': '004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Concordia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Concordia_Municipality', 'summary': 'Municipality of Concordia is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico . According to 2010 census it had a population of 28,493 inhabitants .'}]}, {'value': 'Concordia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Concordia,_Sinaloa', 'summary': "Concordia is a city and its surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Sinaloa . The town is noted for manufacture of artesinal wooden furniture , symbolized by the giant chair in the town plaza . According to 2010 census , it had a population of 8,328 inhabitants . Founded as Villa de San Sebastián in 1565 by Francisco de Ibarra , Concordia was originally a center of gold , silver and copper mining . The main church , San Sebastián , was built in 1785 with an ornate baroque facade . Concordia is about an hour 's travel southeast of Mazatlán , on the highway to Durango . It stands at 23°17′18″N 106°04′03″W / 23.28833°N 106.06750°W / 23.28833 ; -106.06750 ."}]}, {'value': '28,493', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': '005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cosalá', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cosalá_Municipality', 'summary': 'Municipality of Cosalá is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico .'}]}, {'value': 'Cosalá', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cosalá', 'summary': "Cosalá ( Spanish pronunciation : [ kosa'la ] ( listen ) ) is a small city and the seat of its surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Sinaloa . It stands at 24°24′45″N 106°41′30″W / 24.41250°N 106.69167°W / 24.41250 ; -106.69167 . The city reported 6,577 inhabitants in the 2010 census ."}]}, {'value': '16,697', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': '006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Culiacán', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Culiacán_Municipality', 'summary': 'Municipality of Culiacán is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico . The municipal seat is the city of Culiacán .'}]}, {'value': 'Culiacán', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Culiacán', 'summary': 'Culiacán ( Spanish pronunciation : [ kuljaˈkan ] ( listen ) ) is a city in northwestern Mexico . It is the largest city in and the capital of the state of Sinaloa . It is also the seat of Culiacán Municipality . It had an urban population of 785,800 in 2015 while 905,660 lived in the entire municipality . While the municipality has a total area of 4,758 km2 ( 1,837 sq mi ) , the city itself is considerably smaller , measuring only 65 km2 ( 25 sq mi ) . The city is located in a valley at the confluence of the Tamazula and Humaya Rivers , where the two meet to form the Culiacán River , 55 m above sea level . It is in the center of the state , at about the same distance to the two other urban centers of the state : Los Mochis to the north and Mazatlán to the south .'}]}, {'value': '858,638', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': '007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Choix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Choix_Municipality', 'summary': 'The Municipality of Choix is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico . Its seat is Choix .'}]}, {'value': 'Choix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Choix', 'summary': 'Choix ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈtʃoiks ] ) is a small city in the Mexican state of Sinaloa . It stands at 26°42′33″N 108°19′19″W / 26.70917°N 108.32194°W / 26.70917 ; -108.32194 . The city reported 9,305 inhabitants in the 2010 census . It contains the locality Sauzadebaca .'}]}, {'value': '32,998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1916', 'urls': []}, {'value': '008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elota_Municipality', 'summary': 'Elota is a municipality in the Mexican state of Sinaloa . It stands at 23°46′10″N 106°35′0″W / 23.76944°N 106.58333°W / 23.76944 ; -106.58333 . The municipality reported 49,471 inhabitants in the 2000 census . The municipal seat of Elota is the city of La Cruz .'}]}, {'value': 'La Cruz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Cruz,_Sinaloa', 'summary': "La Cruz is a small city in the Mexican state of Sinaloa . It stands at 23°55′17″N 106°53′31″W / 23.92139°N 106.89194°W / 23.92139 ; -106.89194 . The city reported 15,657 inhabitants in the 2010 census . La Cruz , Sinaloa , commonly known in Spanish as La Cruz de Elota , is the municipal seat of Sinaloa 's Elota municipality , and is the site of Elota 's municipal hall . There are shops and schools , as well as a nearby beach area , better known as Ceuta 's Beach , which is located 8 km from La Cruz . La Cruz is located between Culiacán ( the capital of Sinaloa ) and Mazatlán ( Sinaloa 's most important tourist destination and biggest harbor ) . Culiacán lies to the north at a distance of 120 km ( 74.5 miles ) and Mazatlán to the south with a distance of 100 km ( 62 miles approximately ) ."}]}, {'value': '42,907', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1917', 'urls': []}, {'value': '009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Escuinapa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Escuinapa_Municipality', 'summary': 'Municipality of Escuinapa is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico . The seat is Escuinapa de Hidalgo .'}]}, {'value': 'Escuinapa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Escuinapa', 'summary': 'Escuinapa de Hidalgo is a city in Escuinapa Municipality of the same name , located at the extreme southern end of the Mexican state of Sinaloa . Its geographical coordinates are 22°28′0″N 105°26′17″W / 22.46667°N 105.43806°W / 22.46667 ; -105.43806 . At the census of 2005 the city had a population of 28,789 inhabitants ( the sixth-largest community in the state ) , while the municipality reported 49,655 inhabitants . According to the Mexican Government , Escuinapa will have near 500,000 inhabitants in 2025 for the mega touristic center that are building near the town , and will be finished in 2025 ; with this information we can know Escuinapa de Hidalgo will be the second or third city more important in Sinaloa , also will be between the second and fourth place according population by municipality , maybe over Ahome and behind Mazatlán . The municipality has an area of 1633.22 km² ( 630.58 sq mi ) and includes the towns of Isla del Bosque and Teacapan , in addition to many smaller localities .'}]}, {'value': '54,131', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': '010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'El Fuerte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/El_Fuerte_Municipality', 'summary': 'Municipality of El Fuerte is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico . Its seat is El Fuerte city .'}]}, {'value': 'El Fuerte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/El_Fuerte,_Sinaloa', 'summary': 'El Fuerte ( Spanish : [ el ˈfweɾte ] ( listen ) ) is a city and El Fuerte Municipality its surrounding municipality in the northwestern Mexican state of Sinaloa . The city population reported in the 2010 census were 12,566 people . El Fuerte , meaning The Fort , was named a Pueblo Mágico ( Magical Town ) in 2009 , for it has many attractions and a special , pretty-small-town aura .'}]}, {'value': '97,536', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': '011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guasave', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guasave_Municipality', 'summary': 'Municipality of Guasave is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico . Its seat is Guasave city .'}]}, {'value': 'Guasave', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guasave', 'summary': 'Guasave ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ɡwaˈsaβe ] ) is a city and the seat of the homonymous municipality in the Mexican state of Sinaloa . It is located in the northwestern part of Mexico , southeast of the city of Los Mochis . It stands at 25°34′28″N 108°28′14″W / 25.57444°N 108.47056°W / 25.57444 ; -108.47056 . In the 2010 census , the city reported a population of 71,196 , making it the fourth-largest community in the state , after Culiacán , Mazatlán , and Los Mochis . The municipality has a land area of 3,464.41 km² ( 1,337.62 sq mi ) and includes many other outlying communities , the largest of which are Juan José Ríos , Gabriel Leyva Solano , and Adolfo Ruiz Cortines . Its biggest local celebration , # Guasave1k falls every year on November 12 .'}]}, {'value': '285,912', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1916', 'urls': []}, {'value': '012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mazatlán', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mazatlán_Municipality', 'summary': 'Municipality of Mazatlán is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico .'}]}, {'value': 'Mazatlán', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mazatlán', 'summary': 'Mazatlán ( Spanish pronunciation : [ masaˈtlan ] ( listen ) ) is a city in the Mexican state of Sinaloa . The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipio , known as the Mazatlán Municipality . It is located at 23°13′N 106°25′W / 23.217°N 106.417°W / 23.217 ; -106.417 on the Pacific coast , across from the southernmost tip of the Baja California Peninsula . Mazatlán is a Nahuatl word meaning place of deer . The city was founded in 1531 by an army of Spaniards and indigenous settlers . By the mid-19th century , a large group of immigrants arrived from Germany . Together with the hard work of the Natives , they were able to develop Mazatlán into a thriving commercial seaport , importing equipment for the nearby gold and silver mines . It served as the capital of Sinaloa from 1859 to 1873 . The German settlers also influenced the local music , banda , with some genres being an alteration of Bavarian folk music . The settlers also established the Pacifico Brewery on March 14 , 1900 . With a population of 438,434 ( city ) and 489,987 ( municipality ) as of the 2010 census , Mazatlán is the second-largest city in the state . It is also a popular tourist destination , with its beaches lined with resort hotels .'}]}, {'value': '438,434', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': '013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mocorito', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mocorito_Municipality', 'summary': 'Municipality of Mocorito is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico .'}]}, {'value': 'Mocorito', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mocorito', 'summary': 'Mocorito ( meaning place of the dead ) is a small city and its surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Sinaloa . It stands at 24°58′41″N 107°31′25″W / 24.97806°N 107.52361°W / 24.97806 ; -107.52361 . The city reported 5,426 inhabitants in the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '45,847', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': '014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rosario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rosario_Municipality,_Sinaloa', 'summary': 'Municipality of Rosario is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico . Its seat is the city of El Rosario . According to 2010 census it had 49,380 inhabitants .'}]}, {'value': 'Rosario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rosario,_Sinaloa', 'summary': 'El Rosario ( Spanish pronunciation : [ el roˈsaɾjo ] ) is a city and its surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Sinaloa . It stands at 22°45′00″N 105°22′16″W / 22.75000°N 105.37111°W / 22.75000 ; -105.37111 . The city reported 16,001 inhabitants in the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '49,380', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': '015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salvador Alvarado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salvador_Alvarado_Municipality', 'summary': 'Salvador Alvarado Municipality ( Spanish pronunciation : [ salβaˈðoɾ alβaˈɾaðo ] ) is in the Mexican state of Sinaloa . It stands at 25°08′09″N 107°51′45″W / 25.13583°N 107.86250°W / 25.13583 ; -107.86250 . The municipality reported 79,085 inhabitants in the 2010 census and has an areal extent of 1,197.5 km² ( 462.36 sq mi ) . Its municipal seat is the city of Guamúchil . The largest other community in the municipality is the town of Benito Juárez ( population 5,128 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Guamúchil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guamúchil', 'summary': 'Guamúchil ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ɡwaˈmutʃil ] gwa-MOO-chill ) is a city located in the state of Sinaloa ( Northern Mexico ) . It is 100 km north of Culiacán , the capital of Sinaloa . The city serves as the municipal seat of the municipality of Salvador Alvarado and is the center of a region called valle del Évora , named after the Évora river . In the 2010 census , the city had an official population of 63,743 inhabitants . It is the fifth-largest city in the state in population after Culiacán , Mazatlán , Los Mochis and Guasave , respectively .'}]}, {'value': '79,085', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1962', 'urls': []}, {'value': '016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Ignacio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Ignacio_Municipality,_Sinaloa', 'summary': 'Municipality of San Ignacio is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico . It stands at 23°56′12″N 106°25′39″W / 23.93667°N 106.42750°W / 23.93667 ; -106.42750 .'}]}, {'value': 'San Ignacio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Ignacio,_Sinaloa', 'summary': 'San Ignacio or San Ignacio de Piaxtla is a city and seat of the surrounding San Ignacio Municipality in the Mexican state of Sinaloa . It stands at 23°56′12″N 106°25′39″W / 23.93667°N 106.42750°W / 23.93667 ; -106.42750 . In this town actress Ofelia Cano was born . The municipality reported 4,543 inhabitants in the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '22,527', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': '017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sinaloa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinaloa_Municipality', 'summary': 'Municipality of Sinaloa is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico . Its seat is Sinaloa de Leyva .'}]}, {'value': 'Sinaloa de Leyva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sinaloa_de_Leyva', 'summary': "Sinaloa de Leyva ( Spanish pronunciation : [ sinaˈloa ðe ˈleiβa ] ) is a town in the Mexican state of Sinaloa . Its geographical location is 25°36′25″N 107°33′18″W / 25.60694°N 107.55500°W / 25.60694 ; -107.55500 . The town was founded on 30 April 1583 as Villa de San Felipe y Santiago de Sinaloa by Don Pedro de Montoya . In 1585 the second foundation of the town was carried out by Antonio Ruiz , Bartolomé de Mondragón , Tomás de Soberanes , Juan Martínez del Castillo y Juan Caballero . By 1590 , Ruiz was its mayor , and the town was home to nine people who eked out a living , but the situation improved through their discovery of the mines of Chínipas , and the arrival of the Jesuits in 1591 . At the end of the sixteenth century , Ruiz wrote an autobiography where he detailed the early history of San Felipe y Santiago , and Sinaloa . This was the base for Diego de Hurdaide 's subjugation of the Sinaloas , Tehuecos , Ahomes and Zuaques and the extension of Spanish control over the Fuerte River valley , and thus to the northern edge of modern Sinaloa . Sinaloa serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality ( municipio ) of Sinaloa , Sinaloa . The municipality reported 88,282 inhabitants in the 2010 census . It is a former capital of the Mexican state of Sinaloa ."}]}, {'value': '88,282', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': '018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Navolato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Navolato_Municipality', 'summary': 'Municipality of Navolato is a municipality in Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico .'}]}, {'value': 'Navolato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Navolato', 'summary': 'Navolato is a city in Navolato Municipality in the Mexican state of Sinaloa . It is located on the central coast part of the state bordering the Gulf of California . The municipality reported 135,603 inhabitants in the 2010 census , while the city reported 29,153 inhabitants . The city is located about 25 kilometers west of Culiacán and can be reached by road . The municipality is 2,285 km2 ( 882 sq mi ) in area and includes many smaller communities in addition to the city of Navolato ; the largest of these are the towns of Campo Gobierno , and General Ángel Flores ( La Palma ) . The name Navolato comes from the native Nahuatl language . The people in Navolato produce sugarcane , maize , and other agricultural products . Nearby tourist destinations are Altata , Nuevo Altata , and El Tambor .'}]}, {'value': '135,603', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Map of Mexico with Sinaloa highlighted Panorama of Culiacán , the capital and largest city in the state of Sinaloa Sinaloa is a state in Northwest Mexico that is divided into 18 municipalities . [ 1 ] Municipalities in Sinaloa are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico . [ 2 ] Every three years , citizens elect a municipal president ( Spanish : presidente municipal ) by a plurality voting system who heads a concurrently elected municipal council ( ayuntamiento ) responsible for providing all the public services for their constituents . The municipal council consists of a variable number of trustees and councillors ( regidores y síndicos ) . [ 3 ] Municipalities are responsible for public services ( such as water and sewerage ) , street lighting , public safety , traffic , supervision of slaughterhouses and the maintenance of public parks , gardens and cemeteries . [ 4 ] They may also assist the state and federal governments in education , emergency fire and medical services , environmental protection and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks . Since 1984 , they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees , although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own income . [ 4 ]', 'uid': 'Municipalities_of_Sinaloa_0', 'intro': 'Sinaloa is a state in Northwest Mexico that is divided into 18 municipalities. Municipalities in Sinaloa are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico. Every three years, citizens elect a municipal president (Spanish: presidente municipal) by a plurality voting system who heads a concurrently elected municipal council (ayuntamiento) responsible for providing all the public services for their constituents. The municipal council consists of a variable number of trustees and councillors (regidores y síndicos). Municipalities are responsible for public services (such as water and sewerage), street lighting, public safety, traffic, supervision of slaughterhouses and the maintenance of public parks, gardens and cemeteries. They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1984, they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own income.'}	null	null	The municipality with a municipal seat at the center of the valle del Evora region was founded in what year ?	1962
0a2bcaea2962583b	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designated_Player_Rule', 'title': 'Designated Player Rule', 'header': ['Year signed as DP', 'Player', 'Current club', '2019 guaranteed compensation'], 'data': [{'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ignacio Piatti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ignacio_Piatti', 'summary': 'Ignacio Alberto Piatti ( born 4 February 1985 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for San Lorenzo in Argentina . He has played for top division clubs in South America , Europe and North America .'}]}, {'value': 'Montreal Impact', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal_Impact', 'summary': "The Montreal Impact ( French : Impact de Montréal ) is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Montreal , Quebec . The Impact competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The team began play in 2012 as an expansion team of the league , being the league 's third Canadian club , and replaced the North American Soccer League team of the same name . In 2015 , the Impact became the second MLS club , and first Canadian club , to advance to the final of the CONCACAF Champions League , in its current name since 2008 , where they had finished runners up in the two game aggregate goal series against Club América . The Impact had won the Canadian Championship in 2013 , 2014 and 2019 . The club plays its home games at Saputo Stadium and is coached by Thierry Henry ."}]}, {'value': '$ 4,443,333', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jozy Altidore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jozy_Altidore', 'summary': 'Josmer Volmy Jozy Altidore ( /ˈdʒoʊzi ˈæltɪdɔːr/ JOH-zee AL-ti-dor ; born November 6 , 1989 ) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a forward for Toronto FC and the United States national team . Altidore made his professional debut in 2006 at the age of 16 with the New York Red Bulls . In the middle of his third season with New York , in 2008 , he made a transfer to Villarreal for a fee of $ 10 million . During his time with Villarreal , he left on three loan stints - with Spanish Segunda División club Xerez in February-May 2009 , English Premier League club Hull City for the entire 2009-10 season , and Turkish club Bursaspor where he went on a six-month loan . In the summer of 2011 , he made a switch to AZ in the Netherlands . On March 3 , 2013 , Altidore surpassed Clint Dempsey for most goals by an American in a European club season with his 24th goal of the 2012-13 campaign . During the 2013 Summer transfer window , Sunderland signed Altidore . He spent one-and-a-half seasons there , with a poor goalscoring record , then returned to MLS with Toronto . Altidore has represented the United States on various levels of international competition , featuring for the United States U-17 team at the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship , U-20 team at the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup , and the U-23 team at the 2008 Beijing Olympics . He made his debut for the senior national team in 2007 and has earned over 110 caps , representing them at the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup , the 2011 , 2015 , 2017 and 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cups , and the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups .'}]}, {'value': 'Toronto FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto_FC', 'summary': "Toronto Football Club is a Canadian professional soccer club based in Toronto . The club competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the Eastern Conference . The team plays its home matches at BMO Field , located at Exhibition Place on Toronto 's shoreline . Toronto FC joined MLS in 2007 as an expansion team and was the first Canadian-based franchise in the league . The first team is coached by Greg Vanney and operated by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment , which also operates the USL League One affiliate team Toronto FC II and most other professional sports franchises in the city . In 2017 , Toronto FC won the domestic treble with the MLS Cup , Supporters ' Shield and Canadian Championship . They are seven-time winners of the Canadian Championship and were runners-up of the 2018 CONCACAF Champions League , as well as MLS Cup in 2016 and 2019 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the club has an estimated value of US $ 395 million and the highest player payroll in Major League Soccer ."}]}, {'value': '$ 6,332,250', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nicolás Lodeiro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicolás_Lodeiro', 'summary': 'Marcelo Nicolás Lodeiro Benítez ( Spanish pronunciation : [ nikoˈlaz loˈðeiɾo ] ; [ a ] born 21 March 1989 ) , commonly known as Nicolás Lodeiro , is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for MLS club Seattle Sounders and the Uruguay national team . Lodeiro has played professionally in Uruguay , the Netherlands , Brazil , Argentina , and the United States , winning the Eredivisie in both of his seasons at Ajax , and winning the domestic double in 2015 with Boca Juniors . He also won titles with Nacional and Botafogo , as well as the 2016 and 2019 MLS Cup with Seattle . A full international since 2009 , Lodeiro has earned over 50 caps for Uruguay . He has taken part in two FIFA World Cups with the national side , as well as four editions of the Copa América , the 2012 Summer Olympics , and the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup , in which Uruguay finished fourth . He was also part of the teams which placed fourth in the 2010 FIFA World Cup and won the 2011 Copa América .'}]}, {'value': 'Seattle Sounders FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle_Sounders_FC', 'summary': "Seattle Sounders FC is an American professional soccer club based in Seattle , Washington . The Sounders compete as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The club was established on November 13 , 2007 , and began play in 2009 as an MLS expansion team . The Sounders are a phoenix club , carrying the same name as the original franchise that competed in the North American Soccer League from 1974 to 1983 . The club 's majority owner is Adrian Hanauer , and its minority owners are the estate of Paul Allen , Drew Carey , and 11 families from the Seattle area . Former USL Sounders coach and assistant coach Brian Schmetzer took over as head coach in July 2016 after the departure of Sigi Schmid . The Sounders play their home league matches at CenturyLink Field , with a reduced capacity of 37,722 seats for most matches . Along with several organized groups , a 53-member marching band called 'Sound Wave ' supports the club at each home match . Seattle competes with rival MLS clubs Portland and Vancouver for the Cascadia Cup . The Sounders played their inaugural match on March 19 , 2009 , winning 3-0 over the New York Red Bulls . Seattle has been among the league 's most successful teams , winning the U.S. Open Cup four times , the Supporters ' Shield in 2014 , and the MLS Cup in 2016 and 2019 . The team has qualified for the MLS Cup Playoffs in each of its eleven seasons , making the final three times , and competed in the CONCACAF Champions League five times , advancing to the semifinal round once ."}]}, {'value': '$ 2,502,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alejandro Bedoya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alejandro_Bedoya', 'summary': 'Alejandro Bedoya ( born April 29 , 1987 ) is an American international soccer player who plays professionally for American club Philadelphia Union as an attacking midfielder or winger .'}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Union', 'summary': "The Philadelphia Union is an American professional soccer team based in Chester , Pennsylvania . The Union competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member club of the league 's Eastern Conference . The club began play in 2010 as an expansion team of the league . The club plays their home matches at Subaru Park , a soccer-specific stadium located in Chester on the banks of the Delaware River . Jim Curtin is the Union 's head coach . The Union finished as runners-up in the 2014 , 2015 and 2018 U.S. Open Cup tournaments . In the 2014 edition , they lost to the Seattle Sounders FC 3-1 in extra time , and to Sporting Kansas City 6-7 on penalties after a 1-1 draw in the 2015 edition . They lost 3-0 to the Houston Dynamo in the final of the 2018 edition ."}]}, {'value': '$ 1,266,250', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chris Wondolowski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Wondolowski', 'summary': "Christopher Elliott Wondolowski ( born January 28 , 1983 ) is an American soccer player who plays for San Jose Earthquakes as a forward . Wondolowski was MLS 's top scorer in the 2010 and 2012 seasons , also being named the 2012 Most Valuable Player , and has become one of the top strikers in Major League Soccer . A college soccer player for the Chico State Wildcats , he played in 2004 for the Chico Rooks and was drafted to the San Jose Earthquakes in 2005 . The team became the Houston Dynamo the following season , and he played a part in their MLS Cup wins in 2006 and 2007 before returning to the re-established Earthquakes in 2009 . With 159 goals in Major League Soccer , he is the highest scorer in the competition 's history , as well as the only player in league history to score 150 or more regular-season goals . As of September 28 , 2019 , Wondolowski is also the only player in league history to have scored ten or more goals in ten consecutive seasons . He also holds the record for most MLS goals on the road and MLS game winning goals ( both home and away ) . A full international since 2011 , Wondolowski represented the United States at three CONCACAF Gold Cups - winning the 2013 edition - and also played at the 2014 FIFA World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'San Jose Earthquakes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Jose_Earthquakes', 'summary': "The San Jose Earthquakes are an American professional soccer team based in San Jose , California , United States , that competes as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 ( originally as the San Jose Clash ) as one of the charter clubs of the league . The Earthquakes took part in the first game in MLS history , defeating D.C. United 1-0 . The Earthquakes have won two MLS Cup titles , in 2001 and 2003 , and two Supporters ' Shields in 2005 and 2012 . In 2002 , the team played in its first CONCACAF Champions Cup ( now called the CONCACAF Champions League ) , making it to the quarterfinals . The team holds a fierce rivalry with the LA Galaxy known as the California Clásico . In 2005 , the then owner of the Earthquakes , Anschutz Entertainment Group , announced plans of the team relocating to Houston due to failing efforts to secure a soccer-specific stadium in San Jose . The organization in Houston would be considered an expansion team by the league , eventually becoming the Houston Dynamo , which began play in 2006 . The Earthquakes returned after a two-year hiatus , resuming play in 2008 . Argentinian Matías Almeyda is the Quakes ' current head coach . Since 2015 the Earthquakes play their home games at Avaya Stadium . The team previously played its home games at Buck Shaw Stadium on the Santa Clara University campus in Santa Clara , California from 2008 to 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '$ 800,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alberth Elis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alberth_Elis', 'summary': 'Alberth Josué Elis Martínez ( born 12 February 1996 ) , nicknamed La Panterita ( The Little Panther ) , is a Honduran footballer who currently plays as a forward for Houston Dynamo from MLS and the Honduras national team . He also played for Honduras in the 2016 Summer Olympics and helped them finished 4th .'}]}, {'value': 'Houston Dynamo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houston_Dynamo', 'summary': "Houston Dynamo are an American professional soccer club based in Houston , Texas . The franchise competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , as a member of the Western Conference . The Dynamo had first played their home games at Robertson Stadium on the University of Houston campus until 2011 . Since 2012 , the Dynamo has played home matches at BBVA Stadium , a soccer-specific stadium located in Houston . The Dynamo was established on December 15 , 2005 , when the then owner of the San Jose Earthquakes , Anschutz Entertainment Group , announced that the team was relocating to Houston after failed attempts in securing a soccer-specific stadium in San Jose , California . The club would then be an expansion team of the league , which began play in 2006 . The Dynamo are owned by Gabriel Brener , Jake Silverstein , Ben Guill , NBA star James Harden , and former boxer Oscar De La Hoya . Houston Dynamo 's domestic success consists of winning the 2006 and 2007 MLS Cups in their first two seasons . They also won the U.S. Open Cup in 2018 . In 2008 , Houston became the first American club to secure a point on Mexican soil in the CONCACAF Champions League era during the 2008-2017 format of the tournament ."}]}, {'value': '$ 650,340', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albert Rusnák', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert_Rusnák_(footballer,_born_1994)', 'summary': 'Albert Rusnák ( born 7 July 1994 ) is a Slovak professional footballer who plays for Major League Soccer club Real Salt Lake as an attacking midfielder and for Slovakia as a right-wing .'}]}, {'value': 'Real Salt Lake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Real_Salt_Lake', 'summary': "Real Salt Lake ( /riːˈæl/ ) , also known as RSL , is an American professional soccer franchise that competes as a member club of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) Western Conference . RSL began play in 2005 as an expansion team of the league . The club was founded in 2004 when the club 's first owner and founder was awarded an expansion berth in Major League Soccer . The club plays its home games at Rio Tinto Stadium , a soccer-specific stadium located in the Salt Lake City suburb of Sandy , Utah , which they share with their sister team , Utah Royals FC . Before moving to Rio Tinto , RSL played home games at Rice-Eccles Stadium , located on the campus of the University of Utah , from 2005-2007 . The team is currently led by interim head coach Freddy Juarez . In domestic soccer , Real Salt Lake won the 2009 MLS Cup , the Supporters Shield in 2010 , and the 2013 edition of the U.S. Open Cup . They were runners-up in the 2013 MLS Cup . The franchise regional success to date was in the 2010-11 CONCACAF Champions League , where RSL finished runners-up in the tournament becoming the first American club , since the CONCACAF Champions League format was introduced in 2008 , to advance to the final stage of the tournament . Their fully owned USL affiliate , Real Monarchs , won the 2019 USL Championship , the second division title in American soccer ."}]}, {'value': '$ 2,001,667', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Josef Martínez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josef_Martínez', 'summary': 'Josef Alexander Martínez Mencia ( born 19 May 1993 ) is a Venezuelan professional footballer who plays as a striker for American club Atlanta United FC , and the Venezuela national team . Josef Martínez began his career with Caracas . In 2012 , he was acquired by the Swiss Super League club Young Boys before spending a year on loan at Thun . In 2014 , he was sold to Italian club Torino , and in 2017 , Major League Soccer expansion side , Atlanta United FC . He holds the MLS record for career hat-tricks with six in his first 44 games , the record for cumulative goals in regular and post season with 35 , the record for most consecutive games with a goal ( 15 ) , and formerly held the record for goals in a single season ( 31 in 2018 ) . In 2018 , Martínez became the most decorated single-season player in MLS history by winning the League MVP , All-Star Game MVP , Golden Boot , and MLS Cup Final MVP . He is a former Venezuela under-20 international . In 2011 , he made his debut for the senior Venezuela national team against El Salvador , and has since represented his nation at three editions of the Copa América .'}]}, {'value': 'Atlanta United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_United_FC', 'summary': "Atlanta United FC , commonly known as Atlanta United , is an American professional soccer club based in Atlanta , Georgia that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference . It is the most recent winner of the U.S. Open Cup and Campeones Cup . Founded in 2014 , Atlanta United began play as an MLS expansion team in 2017 , as the twenty-second team in the league . It is the first MLS franchise to be based in Atlanta , and the club plays home games at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium , which they share with the city 's National Football League ( NFL ) franchise , the Atlanta Falcons . Both are owned by Arthur Blank , co-founder of The Home Depot . The club also owns Atlanta United 2 , a reserve team that competes in the USL Championship ( USLC ) . Gerardo Tata Martino was appointed as the club 's first head coach and guided Atlanta to their first playoff appearance in the team 's debut season , before securing the team 's first trophy in just their second season by winning MLS Cup 2018 . Based on 2018 regular season attendance , Atlanta has one of the largest fanbases in MLS , and they have set several league records for highest single-match and average attendance . In 2019 , Forbes estimated the club was the most valuable in the league , worth approximately $ 500 million ."}]}, {'value': '$ 3,058,333', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sebastián Blanco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sebastián_Blanco', 'summary': 'Sebastián Marcelo Blanco ( born 15 March 1988 ) is an Argentine footballer . He currently plays as a midfielder for Portland Timbers in Major League Soccer .'}]}, {'value': 'Portland Timbers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portland_Timbers', 'summary': "The Portland Timbers is an American professional soccer club based in Portland , Oregon . The Timbers compete in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member club of the league 's Western Conference . The Timbers have played their home games at Providence Park since 2011 , when the team began play as an expansion team in the league . The club was founded in 2009 , when the city of Portland was awarded an expansion berth to Major League Soccer . The team is owned by Peregrine Sports under the majority ownership of Merritt Paulson , whose companies had acquired the then-USL Pro team in 2007 and later established the Portland Thorns women 's team in 2012 . The club is a phoenix club , and the fourth soccer franchise based in Portland to carry the legacy of the Timbers name , which originated with the original team , in the North American Soccer League in 1975 . In 2013 , the Timbers finished the regular season in first place in the Western Conference , clinching both their first-ever playoff appearance and a CONCACAF Champions League berth . In 2015 , the franchise won the Western Conference Finals in the playoffs , and their first major trophy , the MLS Cup , becoming the first team in Cascadia to do so . In 2017 , the club again finished the regular season in first place in the Western Conference . In 2018 , the Timbers again made the playoffs , advancing in three rounds , defeating archrival Seattle in the semifinals along the way , and made the MLS Cup where they lost 2-0 to Atlanta United FC ."}]}, {'value': '$ 1,375,008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maximiliano Moralez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maximiliano_Moralez', 'summary': 'Maximiliano Nicolás Maxi Moralez ( born 27 February 1987 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Major League Soccer club New York City . He is nicknamed frasquito ( English : little flask ) .'}]}, {'value': 'New York City FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_City_FC', 'summary': "New York City Football Club is an American professional soccer club based in New York City , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , the highest level of American soccer , as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference . New York City played its first game in 2015 , as the twentieth overall expansion team of the league ; it is the first franchise to be based in the city , and the second in the New York metropolitan area , after the New York Red Bulls , with whom they contest the Hudson River Derby . Since 2015 , the club have played at Yankee Stadium in The Bronx . Jason Kreis was appointed as the club 's first coach , remaining for a single year prior to being replaced by Patrick Vieira . Vieira guided New York City to their first MLS Cup playoff appearance the following season , as well as a runner-up berth in the Supporters ' Shield in 2017 . Vieira 's teams also set Major League Soccer records for the largest improvement in wins for a consecutive season . Based on attendance from the 2019 regular season , New York City 's attendance was ninth-largest in the league . In 2019 , Forbes estimated the franchise was the seventh most valuable in MLS , worth over $ 385 million ."}]}, {'value': '$ 2,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valeri Qazaishvili', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valeri_Qazaishvili', 'summary': "Valeri Vako Qazaishvili ( born 29 January 1993 ) is a professional footballer who plays for the San Jose Earthquakes and the Georgia national team as an attacking midfielder . He debuted for Georgia 's national team on 5 March 2014 in a friendly match against Liechtenstein ."}]}, {'value': 'San Jose Earthquakes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Jose_Earthquakes', 'summary': "The San Jose Earthquakes are an American professional soccer team based in San Jose , California , United States , that competes as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 ( originally as the San Jose Clash ) as one of the charter clubs of the league . The Earthquakes took part in the first game in MLS history , defeating D.C. United 1-0 . The Earthquakes have won two MLS Cup titles , in 2001 and 2003 , and two Supporters ' Shields in 2005 and 2012 . In 2002 , the team played in its first CONCACAF Champions Cup ( now called the CONCACAF Champions League ) , making it to the quarterfinals . The team holds a fierce rivalry with the LA Galaxy known as the California Clásico . In 2005 , the then owner of the Earthquakes , Anschutz Entertainment Group , announced plans of the team relocating to Houston due to failing efforts to secure a soccer-specific stadium in San Jose . The organization in Houston would be considered an expansion team by the league , eventually becoming the Houston Dynamo , which began play in 2006 . The Earthquakes returned after a two-year hiatus , resuming play in 2008 . Argentinian Matías Almeyda is the Quakes ' current head coach . Since 2015 the Earthquakes play their home games at Avaya Stadium . The team previously played its home games at Buck Shaw Stadium on the Santa Clara University campus in Santa Clara , California from 2008 to 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '$ 1,604,042', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tomás Martínez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tomás_Martínez_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Tomás Martínez ( born 7 June 1995 ) is an Argentine footballer who plays for Major League Soccer side Houston Dynamo as an attacking midfielder .'}]}, {'value': 'Houston Dynamo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houston_Dynamo', 'summary': "Houston Dynamo are an American professional soccer club based in Houston , Texas . The franchise competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , as a member of the Western Conference . The Dynamo had first played their home games at Robertson Stadium on the University of Houston campus until 2011 . Since 2012 , the Dynamo has played home matches at BBVA Stadium , a soccer-specific stadium located in Houston . The Dynamo was established on December 15 , 2005 , when the then owner of the San Jose Earthquakes , Anschutz Entertainment Group , announced that the team was relocating to Houston after failed attempts in securing a soccer-specific stadium in San Jose , California . The club would then be an expansion team of the league , which began play in 2006 . The Dynamo are owned by Gabriel Brener , Jake Silverstein , Ben Guill , NBA star James Harden , and former boxer Oscar De La Hoya . Houston Dynamo 's domestic success consists of winning the 2006 and 2007 MLS Cups in their first two seasons . They also won the U.S. Open Cup in 2018 . In 2008 , Houston became the first American club to secure a point on Mexican soil in the CONCACAF Champions League era during the 2008-2017 format of the tournament ."}]}, {'value': '$ 386,804', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jonathan dos Santos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonathan_dos_Santos', 'summary': 'Jonathan dos Santos Ramírez ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈɟʝonatan dos ˈsantos ] ; Brazilian Portuguese : [ ˈʒonatɐ̃ dus ˈsɐ̃tus ] ; born 26 April 1990 ) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy and the Mexico national team .'}]}, {'value': 'LA Galaxy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LA_Galaxy', 'summary': "The LA Galaxy , also known as the Los Angeles Galaxy , is an American professional soccer club based in the Los Angeles suburb of Carson , California , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , as a member of the Western Conference . The club began play in 1996 as one of the league 's ten charter members . The Galaxy was founded in 1994 and is owned by Anschutz Entertainment Group . In their early years , the club played its home games at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena , California . Since 2003 , they have played at Dignity Health Sports Park in Carson , California . The team holds a rivalry with the San Jose Earthquakes in the California Clásico and used to play the SuperClasico against city rivals Chivas USA before that team folded in 2014 . A new rival emerged in 2018 in the form of Los Angeles FC in the El Tráfico derby . The franchise is one of Major League Soccer 's most successful teams , with a record five MLS Cups and having appeared an additional four times in the final , and won the Western Conference regular season title eight times , four Supporters ' Shields , two U.S. Open Cups and one CONCACAF Champions ' Cup title . In 2017 , the club added the dubious MLS Wooden Spoon to its trophy case for finishing bottom of the MLS league table . In 2007 , the club made international headlines with the signing of English player David Beckham from Real Madrid , the most high-profile transaction with Major League Soccer to that point . The club has fielded other high-profile international players including Zlatan Ibrahimović , Robbie Keane , Luis Hernández , Giovani dos Santos , Jonathan dos Santos , Jorge Campos , Steven Gerrard , Ashley Cole , and American Landon Donovan who is the all-time leading scorer for the club . Mostly recently in 2020 they signed Javier Chicharito Hernández , the all-time leading scorer for Mexico 's National Team ."}]}, {'value': '$ 2,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pedro Santos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pedro_Miguel_Martins_Santos', 'summary': 'Pedro Miguel Martins Santos ( born 22 April 1988 ) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for Major League Soccer club Columbus Crew SC as a winger . After starting out at Casa Pia , he went on to amass Primeira Liga totals of 118 matches with 22 goals at the service of Vitória de Setúbal , Rio Ave and Braga . He represented Leixões in the Liga de Honra , and also competed professionally in Romania with Astra Giurgiu and the United States with Columbus Crew . Santos represented Portugal at under-19 level .'}]}, {'value': 'Columbus Crew SC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbus_Crew_SC', 'summary': "Columbus Crew Soccer Club is an American professional soccer club based in Columbus , Ohio . The Crew competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference and began play in 1996 as one of the ten charter clubs of the league . The team is currently being operated by an ownership group led by the Haslam family and former team doctor Pete Edwards . The Haslam/Edwards group is the third owner in club history . The franchise was founded in 1994 as simply the Columbus Crew . Since 1999 , the Crew has played home games at Mapfre Stadium , the first soccer-specific stadium ever built for an MLS team , with a seating capacity of 19,968 as of the 2015 season . From 1996 to 1998 , the Crew played its home games at Ohio Stadium on the campus of the Ohio State University . In 2014 , the team set club attendance records for both most cumulative attendance and most sellouts . Crew SC has won five major trophies : MLS Cup 2008 , the Supporters ' Shield in 2004 , 2008 , and 2009 , and the 2002 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup . The Crew have qualified for the CONCACAF Champions League ( or its predecessor , the CONCACAF Champions ' Cup ) three times , reaching the quarterfinals each time ."}]}, {'value': '$ 864,560', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Arriola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Arriola', 'summary': 'Paul Joseph Arriola ( born February 5 , 1995 ) is an American soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Major League Soccer club D.C. United and the United States national team .'}]}, {'value': 'D.C. United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/D.C._United', 'summary': "D.C. United is an American professional soccer club based in Washington , D.C . The club competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , the top level of professional American soccer . The franchise began play in 1996 as one of the ten charter clubs of the league . The club was one of the most successful clubs in the early years of MLS , winning eight of its thirteen titles between 1996 and 1998 under then head coach Bruce Arena . United holds the joint MLS record for most Supporters ' Shields , has four MLS Cups , and been crowned U.S. Open Cup champions three times . It is also the first club to win both the MLS Supporters ' Shield and MLS Cup consecutively . On the international stage , D.C. United has competed in both the CONCACAF Champions League and its predecessor , the CONCACAF Champions ' Cup . The club won the 1998 CONCACAF Champions ' Cup , making them one of only two MLS teams to ever win a CONCACAF tournament . Subsequently , United won the now-defunct Copa Interamericana in 1998 against Vasco da Gama of Brazil . This is the only intercontinental title won by an MLS club . The team 's home field from 1996 to 2017 was the 45,596-seat Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium , owned by the District of Columbia . The team moved into the new Audi Field , a soccer-specific stadium with a capacity of 20,000 at Buzzard Point just a few blocks from Nationals Park in July 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '$ 707,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dom Dwyer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dom_Dwyer', 'summary': "Dominic James Dwyer ( born July 30 , 1990 ) is an English-American soccer player who plays as a forward for MLS side Orlando City and the United States men 's national soccer team . Born in England , Dwyer represented among other teams Norwich City as a youth . In 2009 , he moved to the United States on a soccer scholarship and played for Tyler Junior College and the South Florida Bulls . He was drafted by Sporting Kansas City of Major League Soccer in 2012 , and won the MLS Cup with them in 2013 . In 2017 , he joined Orlando in the largest transfer between two MLS clubs . Dwyer became an American citizen in March 2017 , and was called up to the U.S. national team later that year for the 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup , winning the tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Orlando City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orlando_City_SC', 'summary': 'Orlando City Soccer Club is an American professional soccer club in Orlando , Florida , that competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . Orlando City SC began play in 2015 as the 21st franchise in MLS , succeeding the USL Pro team of the same name . In doing so they became the first MLS team in Florida since Miami Fusion and Tampa Bay Mutiny both folded following the 2001 season . The team plays at Exploria Stadium in Downtown Orlando .'}]}, {'value': '$ 1,503,333', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carlos Vela', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Vela', 'summary': "Carlos Alberto Vela Garrido ( born 1 March 1989 ) is a Mexican professional footballer who captains and plays as a winger for Los Angeles FC and the Mexico national team . Vela started his career at Mexican club Guadalajara , where he caught the eye of various European clubs after finishing as the top scorer at the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship , eventually joining Premier League club Arsenal that year . After joining Arsenal , he had loan spells at Spanish clubs Salamanca and Osasuna , as well as fellow English club West Bromwich Albion , settling with Real Sociedad initially on loan and then permanently on 10 August 2012 . He joined Los Angeles FC in January 2018 , winning the Supporters ' Shield and the MLS Golden Boot in his second year , and setting a new league record for most goals in a season , with 34 . He was also voted Most Valuable Player . Vela made his debut with the senior Mexico national team in 2007 in a friendly match against Brazil , and scored his first goal for his country in a friendly against Guatemala . He participated in Mexico 's CONCACAF Gold Cup victory in 2009 , and participated in the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa . Vela rejected all subsequent call-ups for more than three years , including friendlies , World Cup qualifiers , and various major tournaments including the 2014 FIFA World Cup , citing various reasons for his refusals . In November 2014 , Vela made his return to the national team and participated in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup and 2018 FIFA World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Los Angeles FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_FC', 'summary': 'Los Angeles Football Club , commonly referred to as LAFC , is an American professional soccer franchise based in Los Angeles , California , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the Western Conference . The team plays their home games at the Banc of California Stadium in Exposition Park . The team shares the Los Angeles area market with the LA Galaxy , and the two clubs compete in a rivalry dubbed El Tráfico .'}]}, {'value': '$ 6,300,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diego Rossi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diego_Rossi', 'summary': 'Diego Martín Rossi Marachlian ( born 5 March 1998 ) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a forward for MLS club Los Angeles FC .'}]}, {'value': 'Los Angeles FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_FC', 'summary': 'Los Angeles Football Club , commonly referred to as LAFC , is an American professional soccer franchise based in Los Angeles , California , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the Western Conference . The team plays their home games at the Banc of California Stadium in Exposition Park . The team shares the Los Angeles area market with the LA Galaxy , and the two clubs compete in a rivalry dubbed El Tráfico .'}]}, {'value': '$ 1,052,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jesús Medina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jesús_Medina', 'summary': "Jesús Manuel Medina Maldonado ( born 30 April 1997 ) is a Paraguayan footballer who plays for Major League Soccer 's New York City and the Paraguay national football team ."}]}, {'value': 'New York City FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_City_FC', 'summary': "New York City Football Club is an American professional soccer club based in New York City , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , the highest level of American soccer , as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference . New York City played its first game in 2015 , as the twentieth overall expansion team of the league ; it is the first franchise to be based in the city , and the second in the New York metropolitan area , after the New York Red Bulls , with whom they contest the Hudson River Derby . Since 2015 , the club have played at Yankee Stadium in The Bronx . Jason Kreis was appointed as the club 's first coach , remaining for a single year prior to being replaced by Patrick Vieira . Vieira guided New York City to their first MLS Cup playoff appearance the following season , as well as a runner-up berth in the Supporters ' Shield in 2017 . Vieira 's teams also set Major League Soccer records for the largest improvement in wins for a consecutive season . Based on attendance from the 2019 regular season , New York City 's attendance was ninth-largest in the league . In 2019 , Forbes estimated the franchise was the seventh most valuable in MLS , worth over $ 385 million ."}]}, {'value': '$ 870,833', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ezequiel Barco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ezequiel_Barco', 'summary': 'Ezequiel Omar Barco ( born 29 March 1999 ) is an Argentine professional footballer , who plays for Major League Soccer club Atlanta United , where he operates as a winger or as an attacking midfielder .'}]}, {'value': 'Atlanta United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_United_FC', 'summary': "Atlanta United FC , commonly known as Atlanta United , is an American professional soccer club based in Atlanta , Georgia that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference . It is the most recent winner of the U.S. Open Cup and Campeones Cup . Founded in 2014 , Atlanta United began play as an MLS expansion team in 2017 , as the twenty-second team in the league . It is the first MLS franchise to be based in Atlanta , and the club plays home games at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium , which they share with the city 's National Football League ( NFL ) franchise , the Atlanta Falcons . Both are owned by Arthur Blank , co-founder of The Home Depot . The club also owns Atlanta United 2 , a reserve team that competes in the USL Championship ( USLC ) . Gerardo Tata Martino was appointed as the club 's first head coach and guided Atlanta to their first playoff appearance in the team 's debut season , before securing the team 's first trophy in just their second season by winning MLS Cup 2018 . Based on 2018 regular season attendance , Atlanta has one of the largest fanbases in MLS , and they have set several league records for highest single-match and average attendance . In 2019 , Forbes estimated the club was the most valuable in the league , worth approximately $ 500 million ."}]}, {'value': '$ 1,425,000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Current Designated Players', 'section_text': 'As of February 7 , 2020 [ 13 ]', 'uid': 'Designated_Player_Rule_0', 'intro': "The Designated Player Rule, nicknamed the Beckham Rule, allows Major League Soccer franchises to sign up to three players that would be considered outside their salary cap (either by offering the player higher wages or by paying a transfer fee for the player). The rule, which was adopted ahead of the 2007 MLS season, enables teams to compete for star players in the international soccer market. The rule is one of two mechanisms by which MLS teams may exceed their salary cap, the other being allocation money. As of December 2019, there have been 209 Designated Players in league history. The rule is informally named after David Beckham, in anticipation of MLS teams signing lucrative deals with internationally recognized players of Beckham's caliber. Beckham was the first player signed under this rule, signing a five-year contract with the Los Angeles Galaxy with a guaranteed annual salary of $6.5 million."}	null	null	The competitor that signed for the most money made his debut when he was how many years old ?	16
0a2beda541671523	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_United_States_Grand_Prix', 'title': '1990 United States Grand Prix', 'header': ['Pos', 'No', 'Driver', 'Constructor', 'Time', 'Gap'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '33', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roberto Moreno', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roberto_Moreno', 'summary': "Roberto Pupo Moreno ( born 11 February 1959 ) , usually known as Roberto Moreno and also as Pupo Moreno , is a Brazilian racing driver . He participated in 75 Formula One Grands Prix , achieved 1 podium , and scored a total of 15 championship points . He raced in CART in 1986 , and was Formula 3000 champion ( in 1988 ) before joining Formula One full-time in 1989 . He returned to CART in 1996 where he enjoyed an Indian summer in 2000 and 2001 , and managed to extend his career in the series until 2008 . Also raced in endurance events and GT 's in Brazil , but now works as a driver coach and consultant , and although this takes up a lot of his time , he is not officially retired yet , as he appears in historic events . Away from the sport , he enjoys building light aeroplanes . Moreno was known as the Super Sub late in his career as he was used to replace injured drivers several times ."}]}, {'value': 'EuroBrun - Judd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBrun', 'summary': 'EuroBrun Racing was an Italo-Swiss Formula One constructor based in Senago , Milan , Italy . They participated in 46 grands prix , entering a total of 76 cars .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Judd_(engine)', 'summary': "Judd is a name brand of engines produced by Engine Developments Ltd. , a company founded in 1971 by John Judd and Jack Brabham in Rugby , Warwickshire , England . Engine Developments was intended to build engines for Brabham 's racing efforts , and became one of the first firms authorised by Cosworth to maintain and rebuild its DFV engines , but has since expanded into various areas of motorsport . Judd has provided engines for many major series , including Formula One and other smaller formula series , sports car racing , and touring car racing . They have been associated with manufacturers such as Yamaha , MG , and Honda , although they have mainly been a privateer-engine supplier ."}]}, {'value': '1:32.292', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Éric Bernard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Éric_Bernard', 'summary': 'Éric Bernard ( born 24 August 1964 ) is a retired French Formula One racing driver , who drove in Formula One from 1989 to 1994 for the Ligier , Larrousse and Lotus teams . His best finish in Formula One was third place at the German Grand Prix in 1994 . After his Formula One career ended , he raced sportscars .'}]}, {'value': 'Lola - Lamborghini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lola_Cars', 'summary': "Lola Cars International Ltd. was a British race car engineering company in operation from 1958 to 2012 . The company was founded by Eric Broadley in Huntingdon , England , and endured for more than fifty years to become one of the oldest and largest manufacturers of racing cars in the world . Lola Cars started by building small front-engined sports cars , and branched out into Formula Junior cars before diversifying into a wider range of sporting vehicles . Lola was acquired by Martin Birrane in 1998 after the unsuccessful MasterCard Lola attempt at Formula One . Lola Cars was a brand of the Lola Group , which combined former rowing boat manufacturer Lola Aylings and Lola Composites , that specialized in carbon fibre production . After a period in bankruptcy administration , Lola Cars International ceased trading on 5 October 2012 . Many of Lola 's assets were subsequently purchased by a partnership composed of Multimatic Engineering and the Carl A. Haas Automotive company ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini', 'summary': "Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. ( Italian pronunciation : [ lamborˈɡiːni ] ) is an Italian brand and manufacturer of luxury sports cars and SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese . The company is owned by the Volkswagen Group through its subsidiary Audi . Ferruccio Lamborghini , an Italian manufacturing magnate , founded Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini S.p.A. in 1963 to compete with established marques , including Ferrari . The company was noted for using a rear mid-engine , rear-wheel drive . Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first decade , but sales plunged in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis . The firm 's ownership changed three times after 1973 , including a bankruptcy in 1978 . American Chrysler Corporation took control of Lamborghini in 1987 and sold it to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994 . In 1998 , Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group 's Audi division . New products and model lines were introduced to the brand 's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand . In the late 2000s , during the worldwide financial crisis and the subsequent economic crisis , Lamborghini 's sales saw a drop of nearly 50 percent . Lamborghini currently produces the V12-powered Aventador and the V10-powered Huracán , along with the Urus SUV powered by a twin-turbo V8 engine . In addition , the company produces V12 engines for offshore powerboat racing ."}]}, {'value': '1:32.711', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+0.419', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olivier Grouillard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olivier_Grouillard', 'summary': 'Olivier Grouillard ( born 2 September 1958 , in Fenouillet ) is a racing driver from France . He started racing go-karts from the age of fourteen competing in events such as the Volant Elf . He progressed to Formula Renault winning the title before Grouillard competed in F3000 from 1985 to 1988 taking two wins . He also participated in the Birmingham Superprix but did not start the race . In 1989 , Grouillard joined the Ligier Formula One team before joining the Osella team for 1990 and 1991 when the team was renamed Fondmetal . His last season came in 1992 , when Grouillard drove for Tyrrell . He left the sport following the year without receiving offers for a drive in 1993 . After leaving Formula One , Grouillard raced in the CART PPG World Series , competing in the Indianapolis 500 for which he did not qualify but showed consistency . Grouillard became well known for driving in Sports Cars between 1994 and 2001 having success . During his time in Sports Cars , he raced in the BPR Global GT Series , the FIA GT Championship , the Daytona 24 Hours , the Le Mans 24 Hours and the American Le Mans Series . He retired from motorsport at the end of 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Osella - Ford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Osella', 'summary': 'Osella is an Italian racing car manufacturer and former Formula One team . They participated in 132 Grands Prix between 1980 and 1990 . They achieved two points finishes and scored 5 championship points .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company', 'summary': "Ford Motor Company , commonly known as Ford , is an American multinational automaker that has its main headquarters in Dearborn , Michigan , a suburb of Detroit . It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16 , 1903 . The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand , and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand . Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer Troller , an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom and a 32% stake in Jiangling Motors . It also has joint-ventures in China ( Changan Ford ) , Taiwan ( Ford Lio Ho ) , Thailand ( AutoAlliance Thailand ) , Turkey ( Ford Otosan ) , and Russia ( Ford Sollers ) . The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family ; they have minority ownership but the majority of the voting power . Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines ; by 1914 , these methods were known around the world as Fordism . Ford 's former UK subsidiaries Jaguar and Land Rover , acquired in 1989 and 2000 respectively , were sold to the Indian automaker Tata Motors in March 2008 . Ford owned the Swedish automaker Volvo from 1999 to 2010 . In 2011 , Ford discontinued the Mercury brand , under which it had marketed entry-level luxury cars in the United States , Canada , Mexico , and the Middle East since 1938 . Ford is the second-largest U.S.-based automaker ( behind General Motors ) and the fifth-largest in the world ( behind Toyota , VW , Hyundai-Kia and General Motors ) based on 2015 vehicle production . At the end of 2010 , Ford was the fifth largest automaker in Europe ."}]}, {'value': '1:33.181', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+0.889', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aguri Suzuki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aguri_Suzuki', 'summary': 'Aguri Suzuki ( 鈴木亜久里 , Suzuki Aguri , born 8 September 1960 ) is a Japanese former racing driver . He participated in 88 Formula One Grands Prix , and his most notable achievement in racing was 3rd place at the 1990 Japanese Grand Prix . Suzuki then became involved in team ownership , with interests firstly in the Japanese Formula Nippon Championship and the IRL in partnership with Mexican racer Adrian Fernandez . Most notably however , he was the owner of the Super Aguri F1 team , which participated in Formula One from 2006 to 2008 . He then went on to form Team Aguri , which raced in Formula E from 2014 to 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Lola - Lamborghini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lola_Cars', 'summary': "Lola Cars International Ltd. was a British race car engineering company in operation from 1958 to 2012 . The company was founded by Eric Broadley in Huntingdon , England , and endured for more than fifty years to become one of the oldest and largest manufacturers of racing cars in the world . Lola Cars started by building small front-engined sports cars , and branched out into Formula Junior cars before diversifying into a wider range of sporting vehicles . Lola was acquired by Martin Birrane in 1998 after the unsuccessful MasterCard Lola attempt at Formula One . Lola Cars was a brand of the Lola Group , which combined former rowing boat manufacturer Lola Aylings and Lola Composites , that specialized in carbon fibre production . After a period in bankruptcy administration , Lola Cars International ceased trading on 5 October 2012 . Many of Lola 's assets were subsequently purchased by a partnership composed of Multimatic Engineering and the Carl A. Haas Automotive company ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini', 'summary': "Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. ( Italian pronunciation : [ lamborˈɡiːni ] ) is an Italian brand and manufacturer of luxury sports cars and SUVs based in Sant'Agata Bolognese . The company is owned by the Volkswagen Group through its subsidiary Audi . Ferruccio Lamborghini , an Italian manufacturing magnate , founded Automobili Ferruccio Lamborghini S.p.A. in 1963 to compete with established marques , including Ferrari . The company was noted for using a rear mid-engine , rear-wheel drive . Lamborghini grew rapidly during its first decade , but sales plunged in the wake of the 1973 worldwide financial downturn and the oil crisis . The firm 's ownership changed three times after 1973 , including a bankruptcy in 1978 . American Chrysler Corporation took control of Lamborghini in 1987 and sold it to Malaysian investment group Mycom Setdco and Indonesian group V'Power Corporation in 1994 . In 1998 , Mycom Setdco and V'Power sold Lamborghini to the Volkswagen Group where it was placed under the control of the group 's Audi division . New products and model lines were introduced to the brand 's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand . In the late 2000s , during the worldwide financial crisis and the subsequent economic crisis , Lamborghini 's sales saw a drop of nearly 50 percent . Lamborghini currently produces the V12-powered Aventador and the V10-powered Huracán , along with the Urus SUV powered by a twin-turbo V8 engine . In addition , the company produces V12 engines for offshore powerboat racing ."}]}, {'value': '1:33.331', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+1.039', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gabriele Tarquini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gabriele_Tarquini', 'summary': "Gabriele Tarquini ( born 2 March 1962 ) is an Italian racing driver . He participated in 78 Formula One Grands Prix , debuting on May 3 , 1987 . He scored 1 championship point , and holds the record for the most failed attempts to qualify . He has subsequently raced successfully in Touring Cars , winning the BTCC in 1994 , the ETCC in 2003 the WTCC in 2009 and the WTCR in 2018 . On 22 November 2009 he won the 2009 FIA World Touring Car Championship title at the age of 47 years and 266 days . This made him the oldest ever world champion in an FIA series , breaking Juan Manuel Fangio 's record of being FIA Formula One World Drivers ' Champion at the age of 46 years and 41 days in 1957 . Tarquini backed up this record by winning the 2018 FIA World Touring Car Cup at the age of 56 years and 259 days ."}]}, {'value': 'AGS - Ford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Automobiles_Gonfaronnaises_Sportives', 'summary': 'Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives ( also known as AGS and Gonfaron Sports Cars ) was a small French racecar constructor that competed in various racing categories over a period of thirty years , including Formula One from 1986 to 1991 . AGS survived as a prosperous Formula One driving school , in Le Luc , near Gonfaron .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company', 'summary': "Ford Motor Company , commonly known as Ford , is an American multinational automaker that has its main headquarters in Dearborn , Michigan , a suburb of Detroit . It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16 , 1903 . The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand , and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand . Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer Troller , an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom and a 32% stake in Jiangling Motors . It also has joint-ventures in China ( Changan Ford ) , Taiwan ( Ford Lio Ho ) , Thailand ( AutoAlliance Thailand ) , Turkey ( Ford Otosan ) , and Russia ( Ford Sollers ) . The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family ; they have minority ownership but the majority of the voting power . Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines ; by 1914 , these methods were known around the world as Fordism . Ford 's former UK subsidiaries Jaguar and Land Rover , acquired in 1989 and 2000 respectively , were sold to the Indian automaker Tata Motors in March 2008 . Ford owned the Swedish automaker Volvo from 1999 to 2010 . In 2011 , Ford discontinued the Mercury brand , under which it had marketed entry-level luxury cars in the United States , Canada , Mexico , and the Middle East since 1938 . Ford is the second-largest U.S.-based automaker ( behind General Motors ) and the fifth-largest in the world ( behind Toyota , VW , Hyundai-Kia and General Motors ) based on 2015 vehicle production . At the end of 2010 , Ford was the fifth largest automaker in Europe ."}]}, {'value': '1:35.420', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+3.128', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yannick Dalmas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yannick_Dalmas', 'summary': 'Yannick Dalmas ( born 28 July 1961 in Le Beausset , Var ) is a former racing driver from France . He participated in 49 Formula One Grands Prix , debuting on 18 October 1987 , but qualified for only 24 of them . His best result in F1 was a 5th place at the 1987 Australian Grand Prix , but he was not eligible for World Championship points at that race . His F1 career was blighted by his health issues , towards the end of 1988 , Dalmas was diagnosed with Legionellosis which caused him to miss the final two races . He recovered before the start of 1989 but his illness had clearly affected him . After the 1990 Formula One Season , Dalmas left the series and began racing in Le Mans Prototypes . There he found much more success , winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans four times ( in 1992 , 1994 , 1995 and 1999 ) , each with different teams . In 1994 , Dalmas made a brief return to Formula One with cash-strapped Larrousse , but only entered two races . He crashed in Italy , and finished two laps off the lead in Portugal . Dalmas was French Formula Three champion in 1986 .'}]}, {'value': 'AGS - Ford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Automobiles_Gonfaronnaises_Sportives', 'summary': 'Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives ( also known as AGS and Gonfaron Sports Cars ) was a small French racecar constructor that competed in various racing categories over a period of thirty years , including Formula One from 1986 to 1991 . AGS survived as a prosperous Formula One driving school , in Le Luc , near Gonfaron .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company', 'summary': "Ford Motor Company , commonly known as Ford , is an American multinational automaker that has its main headquarters in Dearborn , Michigan , a suburb of Detroit . It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16 , 1903 . The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand , and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand . Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer Troller , an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom and a 32% stake in Jiangling Motors . It also has joint-ventures in China ( Changan Ford ) , Taiwan ( Ford Lio Ho ) , Thailand ( AutoAlliance Thailand ) , Turkey ( Ford Otosan ) , and Russia ( Ford Sollers ) . The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family ; they have minority ownership but the majority of the voting power . Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines ; by 1914 , these methods were known around the world as Fordism . Ford 's former UK subsidiaries Jaguar and Land Rover , acquired in 1989 and 2000 respectively , were sold to the Indian automaker Tata Motors in March 2008 . Ford owned the Swedish automaker Volvo from 1999 to 2010 . In 2011 , Ford discontinued the Mercury brand , under which it had marketed entry-level luxury cars in the United States , Canada , Mexico , and the Middle East since 1938 . Ford is the second-largest U.S.-based automaker ( behind General Motors ) and the fifth-largest in the world ( behind Toyota , VW , Hyundai-Kia and General Motors ) based on 2015 vehicle production . At the end of 2010 , Ford was the fifth largest automaker in Europe ."}]}, {'value': '1:35.481', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+3.189', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '34', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Claudio Langes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Claudio_Langes', 'summary': "Claudio Langes ( born 20 July 1960 in Brescia ) is a racing driver from Italy . In 1978 he won the Italian 125 cc go-kart championship . In subsequent years he competed in Formula 3 and in Formula 3000 , where his best result was a second place at Pergusa-Enna , achieved in 1989 with a Lola Formula 3000 . Reaching Formula One in 1990 , he failed to pre-qualify for all 14 of the grands prix that he entered with EuroBrun ( still a record ) . Aside from Gary Brabham and Bruno Giacomelli in the Life entries , and at times Bertrand Gachot 's Coloni , Langes was always the next slowest , often several seconds slower than his teammate Roberto Moreno before the cash-strapped team was closed . Langes later raced in touring cars ."}]}, {'value': 'EuroBrun - Judd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBrun', 'summary': 'EuroBrun Racing was an Italo-Swiss Formula One constructor based in Senago , Milan , Italy . They participated in 46 grands prix , entering a total of 76 cars .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Judd_(engine)', 'summary': "Judd is a name brand of engines produced by Engine Developments Ltd. , a company founded in 1971 by John Judd and Jack Brabham in Rugby , Warwickshire , England . Engine Developments was intended to build engines for Brabham 's racing efforts , and became one of the first firms authorised by Cosworth to maintain and rebuild its DFV engines , but has since expanded into various areas of motorsport . Judd has provided engines for many major series , including Formula One and other smaller formula series , sports car racing , and touring car racing . They have been associated with manufacturers such as Yamaha , MG , and Honda , although they have mainly been a privateer-engine supplier ."}]}, {'value': '1:37.399', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+5.107', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gary Brabham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary_Brabham', 'summary': "Gary Thomas Brabham ( born 29 March 1961 in Wimbledon , London ) is a former professional racing driver from Australia and a British Formula 3000 champion . He is the son of three-time World Formula One Champion Sir Jack Brabham and the brother of Le Mans winners Geoff and David Brabham . His solitary F1 berth came with Life , a team that failed to prequalify for a single F1 race in its lone season of existence . Brabham 's career never fully recovered , despite winning the 1991 Sebring 12 Hours and being the first Australian to start the Gold Coast Indy Grand Prix ."}]}, {'value': 'Life', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Life_Racing_Engines', 'summary': 'Life was a Formula One constructor from Modena , Italy . The company was named for its founder , Ernesto Vita ( Vita is Italian for Life ) . Life first emerged on the Formula One scene in 1990 , trying to market their unconventional W12 3.5-litre engine . The team had a disastrous single season , and failed to make the grid in all 14 attempted starts during the 1990 season , often clocking in laps many seconds slower than their next competitor .'}]}, {'value': '2:07.147', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+35.855', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bertrand Gachot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bertrand_Gachot', 'summary': 'Bertrand Gachot ( born 23 December 1962 ) is a French former racing driver .'}]}, {'value': 'Coloni - Subaru', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scuderia_Coloni', 'summary': "Coloni Motorsport , also known as Scuderia Coloni , is an auto racing team from Italy . Formed by Enzo Coloni in 1982 , the team participated in Formula Three between 1983 and 1986 , before racing in Formula One as Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems between 1987 and 1991 . They made 82 attempts to take part in a Formula One race but only qualified 14 times . Since then , under the management of Enzo Coloni 's son Paolo , the team has been successful in Formula Three , Formula 3000 and GP2 Series . Between 2006 and 2009 the team ran under the name of Fisichella Motor Sport , with support from Formula One driver Giancarlo Fisichella and his manager Enrico Zanarini ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Subaru', 'summary': "Subaru ( スバル ) ( /ˈsuːbəruː/ or /sʊˈbɑːruː/ ; Japanese pronunciation : [ ˈsɯbaɾɯ ] ) is the automobile manufacturing division of Japanese transportation conglomerate Subaru Corporation ( formerly known as Fuji Heavy Industries ) , the twenty-second largest automaker by production worldwide in 2012 . Subaru cars are known for their use of a boxer engine layout in most vehicles above 1500 cc . The Symmetrical All Wheel Drive drive-train layout was introduced in 1972 . The flat/boxer engine and all-wheel-drive became standard equipment for mid-size and smaller cars in most international markets by 1996 , and is now standard in most North American market Subaru vehicles . The lone exception is the BRZ , introduced in 2012 via a partnership with Toyota , which uses the boxer engine but instead uses a rear-wheel-drive structure . Subaru also offers turbocharged versions of their passenger cars , such as the Impreza WRX , Legacy and Outback XT , Ascent , and previously the Legacy GT and Forester XT . In Western markets , the Subaru brand has traditionally been popular among a dedicated core of buyers . Marketing is targeted towards specific niches centered on those who desire the company 's signature drive train engine , all-wheel/rough-road capabilities or affordable sports car markets . Subaru is the Japanese name for the Pleiades star cluster M45 , or the Seven Sisters ( one of whom tradition says is invisible - hence only six stars in the Subaru logo ) , which in turn inspires the logo and alludes to the companies that merged to create FHI ."}]}, {'value': '5:15.010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '+2:43.718', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Classification -- Pre-Qualifying', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1990_United_States_Grand_Prix_0', 'intro': "The 1990 United States Grand Prix was the opening motor race of the 1990 Formula One World Championship held on March 11, 1990, in Phoenix, Arizona. It was the 32nd United States Grand Prix since the American Grand Prize was first held in 1908, and the 25th under Formula One regulations since the first United States Grand Prix was held at Sebring, Florida in 1959. It was the second to be held on the streets of Phoenix and ran over 72 laps of the 4 km-circuit. The race was won by Brazilian Ayrton Senna, driving a McLaren MP4/5B by eight seconds over French driver Jean Alesi in his comparatively under-funded Tyrrell 018. Throughout the race, the pair enthralled fans with some fabulous and daring passing for the lead. It was Alesi's first podium finish, with Belgian driver Thierry Boutsen in a Williams FW13B coming home third."}	null	null	What is the nationality of the driver who finished at position 1 in the 1990 United States Grand Prix ?	Brazilian
0a2c138cf013d079	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill_Downs_Debutante_Stakes', 'title': 'Churchill Downs Debutante Stakes', 'header': ['Year', 'Winner', 'Jockey', 'Trainer', 'Owner', 'Time'], 'data': [{'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunny Skies', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robby Albarado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robby_Albarado', 'summary': 'Robby J. Albarado ( born September 11 , 1973 , in Lafayette , Louisiana ) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey . He began riding at the age of 10 and progressed to riding at bush tracks in his native Louisiana by the age of 12 . After turning professional , he earned his first official win at Evangeline Downs in 1990 . Since then , he has won more than 5,000 races , but his career has endured setbacks as a result of serious injuries . During 1998 and 1999 , he suffered two skull fractures , one of which required doctors to replace a damaged portion of his skull with titanium mesh and polymer plate . Another serious accident in the fall of 2000 kept him out of racing for the better part of 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenneth G. McPeek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenneth_McPeek', 'summary': 'Kenneth G. McPeek ( born August 2 , 1962 in Fort Chaffee , Arkansas ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer .'}]}, {'value': 'Normandy Farm', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:11.83', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pretty City Dancer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julien Leparoux', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julien_Leparoux', 'summary': "Julien R. Leparoux ( born July 15 , 1983 in Senlis , Oise , France ) is an Eclipse Award winning jockey currently racing in the United States . He has won seven Breeders ' Cup races , including the 2015 Breeders ' Cup Mile with Champion Turf Mare Tepin and the 2016 Breeders ' Cup Juvenile with Classic Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Mark Casse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Casse', 'summary': 'Mark E. Casse ( born February 14 , 1961 ) is a Thoroughbred racehorse trainer whose most notable horses include 2015 American champion turf mare Tepin and Canadian Horses of the Year Sealy Hill ( 2007 ) , Uncaptured ( 2012 ) , Lexie Lou ( 2014 ) , Catch A Glimpse ( 2015 ) and Wonder Gadot . He has won eleven Sovereign Awards for outstanding trainer in Canada and has been the leading trainer at Woodbine Racetrack 14 times . In 2019 , he won his first American Classic with War of Will in the Preakness Stakes .'}]}, {'value': 'John C. Oxley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_C._Oxley', 'summary': 'John C. Oxley , a.k.a . Jack , ( born 1937 ) is an American oilman , horse breeder and polo player .'}]}, {'value': '1:11.01', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cosmic Evolution', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calvin H. Borel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calvin_H._Borel', 'summary': "Calvin H. Borel ( born November 7 , 1966 ) is an American jockey in thoroughbred horse racing and rode the victorious mount in the 2007 Kentucky Derby , the 2009 Kentucky Derby and the 2010 Kentucky Derby . His 2009 Derby win with Mine That Bird was the second biggest upset in Derby history , and Borel 's winning margin of \u200b6 3⁄4 lengths was the greatest in Derby history since Assault won by 8 lengths in 1946 . On May 1 , 2009 , Borel won the Kentucky Oaks aboard Rachel Alexandra , only the second time since 1993 that a jockey has won the Oaks-Derby combo , and just the seventh time overall a jockey has accomplished this feat in the same year . On May 16 , 2009 , Borel won the 2009 Preakness Stakes at Pimlico with thoroughbred filly Rachel Alexandra . In doing so , Borel became the first jockey to win the first two jewels of the Triple Crown on different mounts . Borel 's nickname is Bo'rail ' due to his penchant for riding close to the rail to save ground ."}]}, {'value': 'Lon Wiggins', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stephen L. Fidel', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:11.89', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Promise Me Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robby Albarado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robby_Albarado', 'summary': 'Robby J. Albarado ( born September 11 , 1973 , in Lafayette , Louisiana ) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey . He began riding at the age of 10 and progressed to riding at bush tracks in his native Louisiana by the age of 12 . After turning professional , he earned his first official win at Evangeline Downs in 1990 . Since then , he has won more than 5,000 races , but his career has endured setbacks as a result of serious injuries . During 1998 and 1999 , he suffered two skull fractures , one of which required doctors to replace a damaged portion of his skull with titanium mesh and polymer plate . Another serious accident in the fall of 2000 kept him out of racing for the better part of 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bret Calhoun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bret_Calhoun', 'summary': "W. Bret Calhoun ( born May 12 , 1964 in Dallas , Texas ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer . The son of a school teacher who also owned and trained horses , he attended Texas Tech University but left before graduating . Calhoun began his professional training career in 1993 and earned his first win on April 1 , 1994 . He has competed regularly at Louisiana Downs and Fair Grounds Race Course in Louisiana and in Texas at Sam Houston Race Park , Oklahoma City 's Remington Park , and Lone Star Park . In Kentucky in 2008 , Calhoun won the Aegon Turf Sprint Stakes at Churchill Downs and the Grade I Shakertown Stakes at Keeneland Race Course with Mr. Nightlinger . In 2008 , Bret Calhoun finished fourth in total wins for the year among all trainers in the United States . His horses won 228 races and earned $ 5,226,163 ."}]}, {'value': 'Robert Luttrell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Luttrell', 'summary': "The Robert Luttrell who settled on the banks of the Liffey near Dublin at Luttrellstown , was in 1226 treasurer of St. Patrick 's Cathedral , and in 1236 was Lord Chancellor of Ireland . There is mention of a Michael Luttrell in 1287 , who owned the same estate at the close of the century , and later in 1349 of a Simon Luttrell , who died in the possession of the property . The next owner whose name we have is Robert Luttrell , who married a daughter of Sir Elias de Ashbourne , of Devon , England , and by this marriage added materially to his already large estate . It is not certain whether the head of the Irish branch was a son or a brother of Sir Geoffrey , but it is reasonable that he bore either the one or the other relation , for the reason that the lands of Luttrellstown secured by royal grant by Sir Geoffrey were from this time ( of Geoffrey 's death ) owned by Sir Robert Luttrell , head of the Irish branch , who lived at Lucan , near Dublin , and that it remained in the family until the early part of the nineteenth century ."}]}, {'value': '1.11.49', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fiftyshadesofgold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corey Lanerie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corey_Lanerie', 'summary': "Corey James Lanerie ( born November 13 , 1974 ) is a jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing . Based in Kentucky , he has been the leading rider at Churchill Downs , having won the most races during a race meet , 10 times . He has also been named the leading rider at Ellis Park , Lone Star Park , Sam Houston Race Park and Retama Park . Lanerie was born in Lafayette , Louisiana . His father had been a jockey before becoming a horse trainer , and Lanerie 's grandfather also was a trainer . When Lanerie was nine years old , he began exercising race horses . He learned race riding at a farm near Opelousas and started his jockey career at small unrecognized tracks . He began to ride professionally in 1991 , and won his first race on April 19 of that year at Evangeline Downs on a horse named High Hopes Banquet . He won his first stakes race the following year in the Black Gold Stakes at the Fair Grounds in New Orleans , Louisiana . Lanerie 's first graded stakes race win was the Razorback Handicap at Oaklawn Park in 1999 . Lanerie falls within a tradition of Cajun jockeys who developed their riding skills in their home state prior to achieving success at major tracks , and follows in the footsteps of other Louisiana natives such as Calvin Borel , Kent Desormeaux , and Eddie Delahoussaye , each of whom was inducted into the Horse Racing Hall of Fame . Lanerie won the George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award in 2004 , an honor bestowed upon him by a vote of his fellow jockeys ."}]}, {'value': 'Clarence Scharbauer Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clarence_Scharbauer_Jr.', 'summary': 'Clarence Scharbauer Jr. ( 1925-2014 ) was an American rancher , oilman , banker , horse breeder and philanthropist . He was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame and the Horse Racing Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'Clarence Scharbauer Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clarence_Scharbauer_Jr.', 'summary': 'Clarence Scharbauer Jr. ( 1925-2014 ) was an American rancher , oilman , banker , horse breeder and philanthropist . He was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame and the Horse Racing Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': '1.10.63', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blueeyesintherein', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leandro Goncalves', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gary Simms', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Self/King/Morgenson/Travis , et al', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:11.71', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Flashy Lassie', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kent Desormeaux', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kent_Desormeaux', 'summary': 'Kent Jason Desormeaux ( born February 27 , 1970 ) is an American thoroughbred horse racing Hall of Fame jockey who holds the U.S. record for most races won in a single year with 598 wins in 1989 . He has won the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes three times each , and the Belmont Stakes once . Aboard Real Quiet , he lost the 1998 Triple Crown by a nose .'}]}, {'value': 'Gary Simms', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barry L. King', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:10.89', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Just Louise', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robby Albarado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robby_Albarado', 'summary': 'Robby J. Albarado ( born September 11 , 1973 , in Lafayette , Louisiana ) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey . He began riding at the age of 10 and progressed to riding at bush tracks in his native Louisiana by the age of 12 . After turning professional , he earned his first official win at Evangeline Downs in 1990 . Since then , he has won more than 5,000 races , but his career has endured setbacks as a result of serious injuries . During 1998 and 1999 , he suffered two skull fractures , one of which required doctors to replace a damaged portion of his skull with titanium mesh and polymer plate . Another serious accident in the fall of 2000 kept him out of racing for the better part of 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Dale Romans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dale_Romans', 'summary': "Dale L. Romans ( born August 14 , 1966 in Louisville , Kentucky ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer , best known for winning the 2011 Preakness Stakes with Shackleford and the Breeders ' Cup Turf with Little Mike . He also upset American Pharoah in the 2015 Travers Stakes with Keen Ice . He won the 2012 Eclipse Award for Outstanding Trainer ."}]}, {'value': 'Eldon Farm Equine', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:11.85', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Decelerator', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julien Leparoux', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julien_Leparoux', 'summary': "Julien R. Leparoux ( born July 15 , 1983 in Senlis , Oise , France ) is an Eclipse Award winning jockey currently racing in the United States . He has won seven Breeders ' Cup races , including the 2015 Breeders ' Cup Mile with Champion Turf Mare Tepin and the 2016 Breeders ' Cup Juvenile with Classic Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'D. Wayne Lukas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/D._Wayne_Lukas', 'summary': "Darrell Wayne Lukas ( born September 2 , 1935 in Antigo , Wisconsin ) is an American horse trainer and a U.S . Racing Hall of Fame inductee . He has won twenty Breeders ' Cup races , received five Eclipse Awards for his accomplishments , and his horses have won 25 year-end Eclipse Awards . He was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Westrock Stables', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:11.28', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garden District', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robby Albarado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robby_Albarado', 'summary': 'Robby J. Albarado ( born September 11 , 1973 , in Lafayette , Louisiana ) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey . He began riding at the age of 10 and progressed to riding at bush tracks in his native Louisiana by the age of 12 . After turning professional , he earned his first official win at Evangeline Downs in 1990 . Since then , he has won more than 5,000 races , but his career has endured setbacks as a result of serious injuries . During 1998 and 1999 , he suffered two skull fractures , one of which required doctors to replace a damaged portion of his skull with titanium mesh and polymer plate . Another serious accident in the fall of 2000 kept him out of racing for the better part of 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Todd A. Pletcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Todd_A._Pletcher', 'summary': 'Todd Pletcher ( born June 26 , 1967 in Dallas , Texas ) is an American thoroughbred horse trainer . He won the Eclipse Award seven times as Trainer of the Year , four of these in consecutive years . His horses Super Saver ( 2010 ) and Always Dreaming ( 2017 ) won the Kentucky Derby . He also won the Belmont Stakes with Rags to Riches ( 2007 ) , Palace Malice ( 2013 ) and Tapwrit ( 2017 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Twin Creeks Racing Stable', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:11.07', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rated Fiesty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shaun Bridgmohan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shaun_Bridgmohan', 'summary': "Shaun Xavier Bridgmohan ( born June 24 , 1979 in Spanish Town , Jamaica ) is a jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing . At age thirteen , Bridgmohan 's family emigrated to the United States , settling in South Florida where he developed an interest in horse racing . Before becoming a jockey , and while still in school , he worked at a Florida racetrack as a hot walker , groom , and as an exercise rider . After graduating from high school he pursued a riding career and in August 1997 earned his first win at Calder Race Course . Six months later on February 15 , 1998 he won six races on a single card at Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens , New York , finishing 1998 , which was his breakout year , as the winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Apprentice Jockey . On December 22 , 2007 he again won six races on a single card , this time at Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans , Louisiana . On April 1 , 2017 he recorded his 3,000th win ."}]}, {'value': 'Steve Asmussen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Asmussen', 'summary': "Steven Mark Asmussen ( born November 18 , 1965 ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer . He is a two-time winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Trainer and was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 2016 . His horses have won the Breeders ' Cup Classic , Preakness Stakes , Belmont Stakes , Breeders ' Cup Distaff , Kentucky Oaks and Dubai World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Heiligbrodt Racing et al', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:09.27', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richwoman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shaun Bridgmohan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shaun_Bridgmohan', 'summary': "Shaun Xavier Bridgmohan ( born June 24 , 1979 in Spanish Town , Jamaica ) is a jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing . At age thirteen , Bridgmohan 's family emigrated to the United States , settling in South Florida where he developed an interest in horse racing . Before becoming a jockey , and while still in school , he worked at a Florida racetrack as a hot walker , groom , and as an exercise rider . After graduating from high school he pursued a riding career and in August 1997 earned his first win at Calder Race Course . Six months later on February 15 , 1998 he won six races on a single card at Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens , New York , finishing 1998 , which was his breakout year , as the winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Apprentice Jockey . On December 22 , 2007 he again won six races on a single card , this time at Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans , Louisiana . On April 1 , 2017 he recorded his 3,000th win ."}]}, {'value': 'Steve Asmussen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Asmussen', 'summary': "Steven Mark Asmussen ( born November 18 , 1965 ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer . He is a two-time winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Trainer and was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 2016 . His horses have won the Breeders ' Cup Classic , Preakness Stakes , Belmont Stakes , Breeders ' Cup Distaff , Kentucky Oaks and Dubai World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Heiligbrodt Racing', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:10.50', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Effectual', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robby Albarado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robby_Albarado', 'summary': 'Robby J. Albarado ( born September 11 , 1973 , in Lafayette , Louisiana ) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey . He began riding at the age of 10 and progressed to riding at bush tracks in his native Louisiana by the age of 12 . After turning professional , he earned his first official win at Evangeline Downs in 1990 . Since then , he has won more than 5,000 races , but his career has endured setbacks as a result of serious injuries . During 1998 and 1999 , he suffered two skull fractures , one of which required doctors to replace a damaged portion of his skull with titanium mesh and polymer plate . Another serious accident in the fall of 2000 kept him out of racing for the better part of 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Steve Asmussen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Asmussen', 'summary': "Steven Mark Asmussen ( born November 18 , 1965 ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer . He is a two-time winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Trainer and was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 2016 . His horses have won the Breeders ' Cup Classic , Preakness Stakes , Belmont Stakes , Breeders ' Cup Distaff , Kentucky Oaks and Dubai World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Gainesway /George Bolton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gainesway_Farm', 'summary': "Gainesway Farm is an American Thoroughbred horse breeding business in Lexington , Kentucky . It was originally called Greentree Farms . The 1,500 acre ( 6 km² ) property has been home to stallions such as Youth and Exceller and numerous others who are buried on the property . Among the current stallion roster is Tapit , sire of 4 Breeders ' Cup winners since 2008 and 2013 Leading U.S.-based Yearling Sire . In 1995 , under the name Gainesway Stable , owner Graham Beck partnered with Robert and Beverly Lewis and William T. Young of Overbrook Farm in the ownership and racing of Timber Country who won the 1994 Breeders ' Cup Juvenile and 1995 Preakness Stakes ."}]}, {'value': '1:03.95', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Classic Elegance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pat Day', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pat_Day', 'summary': "Patrick Alan Day ( born October 13 , 1953 in Brush , Colorado ) is an American jockey . He is a four-time winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Jockey and was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1991 and the Arkansas Sports Hall of Fame in 1999 . Day also received the George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award in 1985 , given annually to a North American jockey who demonstrates the highest standards of professional and personal conduct . In 1995 , he was voted the Mike Venezia Memorial Award for extraordinary sportsmanship and citizenship . Some critics said Day was a big fish in a small pond because the majority of his wins and all of his riding titles were in the Midwest . Day did n't win any riding titles in California , New York or Florida , when he was facing the best jockey competition while riding on a daily basis ."}]}, {'value': 'D. Wayne Lukas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/D._Wayne_Lukas', 'summary': "Darrell Wayne Lukas ( born September 2 , 1935 in Antigo , Wisconsin ) is an American horse trainer and a U.S . Racing Hall of Fame inductee . He has won twenty Breeders ' Cup races , received five Eclipse Awards for his accomplishments , and his horses have won 25 year-end Eclipse Awards . He was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bob & Beverly Lewis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_B._Lewis', 'summary': 'Robert B . Bob Lewis ( May 12 , 1924 - February 17 , 2006 ) was an American businessman who owned a number of champion Thoroughbred racehorses during the 1990s and 2000s .'}]}, {'value': '1:04.18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Be Gentle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cornelio Velasquez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornelio_Velasquez', 'summary': "Cornelio H. Velásquez ( born September 28 , 1968 in Panama City , Panama ) is a jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing . He was introduced to horse racing at age fifteen by trainer Carlos Salazar Guardia in his native Panama and enrolled in the national jockey school . In his first year of racing he was his country 's top apprentice jockey and was the leading rider again in 1994 and 1995 . In 1996 Cornelio Velasquez emigrated to the United States to race at Elmont , New York 's Belmont Park . During the ensuing ten years he competed at meets at tracks in Kentucky and Florida , winning several riding titles . His big break came in 2003 when he won his first Breeders ' Cup on Cajun Beat in the Breeders ' Cup Sprint . A two-time winner of Breeders ' Cup races , in 2005 Velasquez rode Closing Argument to a second-place finish in the Kentucky Derby and in 2007 is scheduled to compete on the well-regarded colt , Nobiz Like Shobiz ."}]}, {'value': 'D. Wayne Lukas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/D._Wayne_Lukas', 'summary': "Darrell Wayne Lukas ( born September 2 , 1935 in Antigo , Wisconsin ) is an American horse trainer and a U.S . Racing Hall of Fame inductee . He has won twenty Breeders ' Cup races , received five Eclipse Awards for his accomplishments , and his horses have won 25 year-end Eclipse Awards . He was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas F. Van Meter II', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:03.96', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Awesome Humor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pat Day', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pat_Day', 'summary': "Patrick Alan Day ( born October 13 , 1953 in Brush , Colorado ) is an American jockey . He is a four-time winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Jockey and was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1991 and the Arkansas Sports Hall of Fame in 1999 . Day also received the George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award in 1985 , given annually to a North American jockey who demonstrates the highest standards of professional and personal conduct . In 1995 , he was voted the Mike Venezia Memorial Award for extraordinary sportsmanship and citizenship . Some critics said Day was a big fish in a small pond because the majority of his wins and all of his riding titles were in the Midwest . Day did n't win any riding titles in California , New York or Florida , when he was facing the best jockey competition while riding on a daily basis ."}]}, {'value': 'W. Elliott Walden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/W._Elliott_Walden', 'summary': 'W. Elliott Walden ( born February 10 , 1963 in Lexington , Kentucky ) is the President and CEO of racing operations for WinStar Farm near Versailles , Kentucky and a former Thoroughbred racehorse trainer .'}]}, {'value': 'WinStar Farm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WinStar_Farm', 'summary': 'WinStar Farm is an American Thoroughbred horse breeding and racing farm near Versailles , Kentucky , owned by Kenny Troutt . It is the owner of Justify , winner of the 2018 Triple Crown , along with Super Saver , winner of the 2010 Kentucky Derby ; Drosselmeyer , winner of the 2010 Belmont Stakes ; and Creator , winner of the 2016 Belmont Stakes . It stands several notable stallions , including Tiznow , Distorted Humor and Pioneerof the Nile , sire of American Pharoah . WinStar Farm won the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Owner in 2010 and also won the Outstanding Breeder award in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '1:03.45', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Cashier 's Dream", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Donnie Meche', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donnie_Meche', 'summary': 'Donnie James Meche ( born October 10 , 1974 in Rayne , Louisiana ) is an American jockey in Thoroughbred horse racing . Donnie Meche won his first race at Evangeline Downs in May 1993 . He was the top apprentice rider at Louisiana Downs in 1994 . He is ten minutes younger than twin brother Lonnie , who , along with younger brother Cody , is also a jockey .'}]}, {'value': 'Steve Asmussen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Asmussen', 'summary': "Steven Mark Asmussen ( born November 18 , 1965 ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer . He is a two-time winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Trainer and was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 2016 . His horses have won the Breeders ' Cup Classic , Preakness Stakes , Belmont Stakes , Breeders ' Cup Distaff , Kentucky Oaks and Dubai World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Team Valor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Team_Valor', 'summary': 'Under the guidance of stable manager Barry Irwin , the racing stable has campaigned 16 International Champions and Highweights :'}]}, {'value': '1:02.52', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold Mover', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Craig Perret', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Craig_Perret', 'summary': "Craig Perret ( born February 2 , 1951 , in New Orleans , Louisiana ) is an American thoroughbred horse racing jockey . He began riding horses at age five and by seven was riding quarter horses in match races . At age fifteen he began his career in thoroughbred racing and in 1967 was the leading apprentice jockey in the United States in terms of money won . In 1987 Perret rode Bet Twice to victory in the Belmont Stakes . In 1990 , aboard Unbridled , he won the Kentucky Derby , and in 1993-94 won back-to-back Queen 's Plates , Canada 's most prestigious race . In addition , Perret won the Breeders ' Cup Sprint in 1984 and 1990 ; the Breeders ' Cup Juvenile in 1989 ; and the Breeders ' Cup Juvenile Fillies in 1996 . Of his more than 4,400 career victories to date , he has also had major stakes race wins including the Florida Derby , Acorn Stakes , Pimlico Special , Travers Stakes , Haskell Invitational Handicap and the Wood Memorial Stakes . He has earned a number of other accolades including the 1990 Eclipse Award for Outstanding Jockey of the year , and in 1998 his peers voted him the George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award . Craig Perret and his family live on a farm in Shelbyville , Kentucky and operate a small full-breed breeding operation . In 1994 , Craig Perret was inducted into the Fair Grounds Racing Hall of Fame and in 2006 into the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame . In 2006 he was also nominated for induction in the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame , and was officially inducted in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Mark A. Hennig', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_A._Hennig', 'summary': 'Mark A. Hennig ( born April 10 , 1965 in Mansfield , Ohio ) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing trainer .'}]}, {'value': 'Edward P. Evans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edward_P._Evans', 'summary': 'Edward P. Evans , also known as Ned Evans , ( January 31 , 1942 - December 31 , 2010 ) was an American heir , businessman , investor , horse breeder and philanthropist . He was the chairman and CEO of Macmillan Publishers from 1979 to 1989 . He was the owner of Spring Hill Farm , a horse farm in Fauquier County , Virginia . He is the namesake of Edward P. Evans Hall , the main building at the Yale School of Management .'}]}, {'value': '1:03.79', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chilukki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chilukki', 'summary': 'Chilukki ( 1997-2007 ) was an American Champion Thoroughbred racehorse , who during her racing career set two track records at Churchill Downs . She was bred in Kentucky by Dr. R. Smiser West and U.S . Racing Hall of Fame trainer MacKenzie Miller .'}]}, {'value': 'Willie Martinez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Willie_Martinez_(jockey)', 'summary': 'Willie Martinez ( born March 3 , 1971 ) is a jockey in North American Thoroughbred horse racing . Martinez is known in the business as Chillie Willie , because of his chill demeanor in riding .'}]}, {'value': 'Bob Baffert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Baffert', 'summary': "Robert A. Baffert ( born January 13 , 1953 ) is an American racehorse trainer who trained the 2015 Triple Crown winner American Pharoah and 2018 Triple Crown winner Justify . Baffert 's horses have won five Kentucky Derbies , seven Preakness Stakes , three Belmont Stakes and three Kentucky Oaks ."}]}, {'value': 'Stonerside Stable', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stonerside_Stable', 'summary': 'Stonerside Stable is an American Thoroughbred horse breeding farm and horse racing operation in Paris , Kentucky . Until September 2008 it was owned by Robert and Janice McNair , who also own the National Football League team , the Houston Texans . They sold the highly successful operation to the Darley racing conglomerate of Sheikh Mohammed of Dubai . Stonerside Stable is a finalist for the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Breeder for 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '1:03.66', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silverbulletday', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Silverbulletday', 'summary': "Silverbulletday ( foaled January 22 , 1996 in Kentucky ) is an American Thoroughbred Champion racehorse . Bred in Kentucky , she was sired by Silver Deputy and out of the GII winning mare Rokeby Rose . Her damsire was Tom Rolfe , the 1965 Preakness Stakes winner and that year 's U.S. Champion 3-Yr-Old Colt . Her grandsire was Deputy Minister , the 1981 Canadian Horse of the Year and a very important North American sire ."}]}, {'value': 'Gary Stevens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary_Stevens_(jockey)', 'summary': "Gary Lynn Stevens ( born March 6 , 1963 ) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey , actor , and sports analyst . He became a professional jockey in 1979 and rode his first of three Kentucky Derby winners in 1988 . As of 2014 [ update ] , he has also won the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes three times each , as well as 10 Breeders ' Cup races and is a nine-time winner of the Santa Anita Derby . He entered the United States Racing Hall of Fame in 1997 . Combining his U.S. and international wins , Stevens had over 5,000 race wins by 2005 , and reached his 5,000 North American win on February 15 , 2015 . His career successes were intertwined with significant injuries and periods of temporary retirement due to knee problems from 1999 until 2000 , and again from 2005 to 2013 . He had an acting role in the 2003 film Seabiscuit . After his second retirement from riding in 2005 , he worked for TVG and then HRTV and NBC Sports as a horse racing analyst for seven years , had a brief stint as a race horse trainer , and took a few other acting roles , notably in the TV series Luck , before coming out of retirement again in 2013 . In the 2013 season , he won 69 of 383 races and finished the year 12th in the nation in purse earnings , winning a number of significant races including the 2013 Preakness Stakes , the Breeders ' Cup Distaff and the Breeders ' Cup Classic . In 2014 , he rode in the first half of the year , but his knee problems became too severe to continue riding , and in July he announced a break in order to get a total knee replacement . He returned to riding by mid-October 2014 , accepted mounts for the 2014 Breeders ' Cup , and rode a winning race by mid-November 2014 . Following the 2016 Breeders ' Cup , he again took time off , this time for a hip replacement , returning to racing in March 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bob Baffert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Baffert', 'summary': "Robert A. Baffert ( born January 13 , 1953 ) is an American racehorse trainer who trained the 2015 Triple Crown winner American Pharoah and 2018 Triple Crown winner Justify . Baffert 's horses have won five Kentucky Derbies , seven Preakness Stakes , three Belmont Stakes and three Kentucky Oaks ."}]}, {'value': 'Michael E. Pegram', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_E._Pegram', 'summary': "Michael E. Pegram ( born February 16 , 1952 in Fort Knox , Kentucky ) is the co-owner of the 2010 Preakness Stakes winner Lookin at Lucky and owner of the 1998 Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes winner Real Quiet . He grew up in Princeton , Indiana going to the races at Ellis Park Racecourse and Churchill Downs and dreamed of someday owning a Kentucky Derby winner . He also won the 1998 Breeders ' Cup Juvenile Fillies with Silverbulletday and after she was voted that year 's Eclipse Award for Outstanding 2-Year-Old Filly , came back in 1999 to win the Kentucky Oaks . Among his other horses , Pegram owned Captain Steve , High Stakes Player , Queen of Money , Miss Gibson County , Wheeler Oil , Argolid , Favored One , Arches of Gold , Pussycat Doll , and The Texas Tunnel . Pegram became successful as an owner of a number of McDonald 's restaurant franchises in the state of Washington , a business that his father , Jim , had been involved with . Pegram has since moved his restaurant empire to Phoenix , where he lives part-time . Pegram also lives in Del Mar , California . He has three children : Amie and Tim Pegram and Tiffany Peach ; and three brothers : Jim ( a jockey agent ) , Demont , and Gil . Pegram also enjoyed success by winning the 2 million Breeders ' Cup Sprint at Monmouth Park in 2007 with Midnight Lute , who trainer Bob Baffert stated was the best horse he 'd ever brought to the Breeder 's Cup . His champion returned the following year at Santa Anita Park to capture the same race , the first sprinter to ever do so ."}]}, {'value': '1:04.70', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Winners since 1995', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Churchill_Downs_Debutante_Stakes_0', 'intro': 'The Debutante Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually during the last week of June at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky. A listed stakes event open to two-year-old fillies, it is contested on dirt over a distance of six furlongs. It first became a Grade III race in 1996. It was changed from 5.5 furlongs to 6 furlongs in 2006. In 2012, the race was reduced to listed status.'}	null	null	What is the middle name of the jockey who rode Fiftyshadesofgold at the 2013 Churchill Downs Debutante Stakes ?	James
0a2c305eda13b527	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_aces_from_Poland', 'title': 'List of World War I aces from Poland', 'header': ['Name', 'Air service ( s )', 'Victories', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Manfred von Richthofen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manfred_von_Richthofen', 'summary': "Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen ( 2 May 1892 - 21 April 1918 ) , known in English as Baron von Richthofen , and most famously as the Red Baron , was a fighter pilot with the German Air Force during World War I . He is considered the ace-of-aces of the war , being officially credited with 80 air combat victories . Originally a cavalryman , Richthofen transferred to the Air Service in 1915 , becoming one of the first members of fighter squadron Jagdstaffel 2 in 1916 . He quickly distinguished himself as a fighter pilot , and during 1917 became leader of Jasta 11 and then the larger fighter wing unit Jagdgeschwader 1 , better known as The Flying Circus or Richthofen 's Circus because of the bright colours of its aircraft , and perhaps also because of the way the unit was transferred from one area of allied air activity to another - moving like a travelling circus , and frequently setting up in tents on improvised airfields . By 1918 , Richthofen was regarded as a national hero in Germany , and respected by his enemies . Richthofen was shot down and killed near Vaux-sur-Somme on 21 April 1918 . There has been considerable discussion and debate regarding aspects of his career , especially the circumstances of his death . He remains one of the most widely known fighter pilots of all time , and has been the subject of many books , films and other media ."}]}, {'value': 'German Luftstreitkräfte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luftstreitkräfte', 'summary': 'The Deutsche Luftstreitkräfte ( German : [ ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈlʊftˌʃtʁaɪtkʁɛftə ] , German Air Force ) - known before October 1916 as Die Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches ( Imperial German Flying Corps ) abbreviated to Die Fliegertruppe - was the air arm of the Imperial German Army . In English-language sources it is usually referred to as the Imperial German Air Service , although that is not a literal translation of either name . German naval aviators of the Marine-Fliegerabteilung were an integral part of the Imperial German Navy ( Kaiserliche Marine ) . Both military branches operated aeroplanes , observation balloons and airships .'}]}, {'value': '80 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leading ace of the war . Pour le Mérite plus 22 other awards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pour_le_Mérite', 'summary': 'The Pour le Mérite ( [ puʁ lə me.ʁit ] , French , literally For Merit ) is an order of merit ( German : Verdienstorden ) established in 1740 by King Frederick II of Prussia . The Pour le Mérite was awarded as both a military and civil honour and ranked , along with the Order of the Black Eagle , the Order of the Red Eagle and the House Order of Hohenzollern , among the highest orders of merit in the Kingdom of Prussia . After 1871 , when the various German kingdoms , grand duchies , duchies , principalities and Hanseatic city states had come together under Prussian leadership to form the federally structured German Empire , the Prussian honours gradually assumed , at least in public perception , the status of honours of Imperial Germany , even though many honours of the various German states continued to be awarded . The Pour le Mérite was an honour conferred both for military ( 1740-1918 ) and civil ( 1740-1810 , after 1842 as a separate class ) services . It was awarded strictly as a recognition of extraordinary personal achievement , rather than as a general marker of social status or a courtesy-honour , although certain restrictions of social class and military rank were applied . The order was secular , and membership endured for the remaining lifetime of the recipient , unless renounced or revoked . New awards of the military class ( known during the First World War informally as the Blue Max [ German : Blauer Max ] ) ceased with the end of the Prussian monarchy in November 1918 . ( The colloquial name Blue Max was given in honor of Max Immelmann , the first recipient of the Pour le Mérite during WWI . Immelmann was also the first aviator ever to win the award . ) The civil class was revived as an independent organization in 1923 ( Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste ) . Instead of the King of Prussia , the President of Germany acted as head of the order . After the Second World War , the civil class was re-established in 1952 .'}]}, {'value': 'Godwin von Brumowski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Godwin_von_Brumowski', 'summary': 'Godwin von Brumowski ( 26 July 1889 - 3 June 1936 ) was the most successful fighter ace of the Austro-Hungarian Air Force during World War I . He was officially credited with 35 air victories ( including 12 shared with other pilots ) , with 8 others unconfirmed because they fell behind Allied lines . Just before the war ended , von Brumowski rose to command of all his countrys fighter aviation fighting Italy on the Isonzo front .'}]}, {'value': 'Austro-Hungarian Luftfahrtruppen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austro-Hungarian', 'summary': "Austria-Hungary , often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy , was a constitutional monarchy in Central and Eastern Europe between 1867 and 1918 . It was formed when the Austrian Empire adopted a new constitution ; as a result Austria ( Cisleithania ) and Hungary ( Transleithania ) were placed on equal footing . It dissolved when its member states proclaimed sovereignty and independence following the First World War . The union was established by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 on 30 March 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War . It consisted of two monarchies ( Austria and Hungary ) , and one autonomous region : the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown , which negotiated the Croatian-Hungarian Settlement in 1868 . It was ruled by the House of Habsburg , and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy . Following the 1867 reforms , the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power . Foreign and military affairs came under joint oversight , but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states . Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe 's major powers at the time . Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire , at 621,538 km2 ( 239,977 sq mi ) , and the third-most populous ( after Russia and the German Empire ) . The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world , after the United States , Germany , and the United Kingdom . Austria-Hungary also became the world 's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances , electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants , after the United States and the German Empire ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Luftfahrtruppen', 'summary': "The Austro-Hungarian Aviation Troops or Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops ( Kaiserliche und Königliche Luftfahrtruppen or K.u.K . Luftfahrtruppen ) were the air force of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire until the empire 's demise in 1918 . It saw combat on both the Eastern Front and Italian Front during World War I ."}]}, {'value': '35 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leading Austro-Hungarian ace . Order of the Iron Crown , Order of Leopold , Medal for Bravery , Military Merit Medal , Iron Cross', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Order_of_the_Iron_Crown_(Austria)', 'summary': 'The Austrian Imperial Order of the Iron Crown ( German : Kaiserlicher Orden der Eisernen Krone ; Italian : Ordine imperiale della Corona ferrea ) was one of the highest orders of merit of Austria and Austria-Hungary until 1918 . It was re-established in 1815 by Emperor Franz I of Austria . The original Order of the Iron Crown had previously been an order of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy . The order had three classes and all classes conferred automatic hereditary ennoblement ; the third class conferred the rank of Ritter , the second class conferred the rank of Baron and the first class conferred the title of Privy Councillor , the style of Excellency , and the right to attend court . Appointment to the third or second class of the Order of the Iron Crown became one of the main routes to ennoblement for Austrian bourgeois families and for civil servants and military officers . The first class was in practice often awarded to people who were already noble . The order was also awarded to foreigners .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Austria)', 'summary': "The Austrian Imperial Order of Leopold ( German : Österreichisch-kaiserlicher Leopold-Orden ) was founded by Franz I of Austria on 8 January 1808 . The order 's statutes stipulated only three grades : Grand Cross , Commander and Knight . During the war , in common with the other Austro-Hungarian decorations , crossed swords were instituted to reward bravery in the face of the enemy . An Imperial Decree of 1 February 1901 ordered that in future , the senior grade would be split into two separate awards . From then onwards , there were four ranks : Grand Cross , First Class , Commander , Knight . Until 18 July 1884 , the award of the order also entitled the recipient , if he was not already of that standing , to be raised to the following appointments and/or ranks of the nobility :"}, {'url': '/wiki/Medal_for_Bravery_(Austria-Hungary)', 'summary': 'The Medal for Bravery ( German : Tapferkeitsmedaille ) was a military decoration of Austria-Hungary established in 1789 and awarded for bravery in battle until the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Military_Merit_Medal_(Austria–Hungary)', 'summary': 'The Military Merit Medal ( German : Militär-Verdienstmedaille , Hungarian : Katonai Érdemérem , Croatian : Vojna medalja za zasluge ) was a military decoration of the Empire of Austria-Hungary . It was founded by Emperor Franz Joseph I on March 12 , 1890 . The Military Merit Medal is often referred to as the Signum Laudis ( Latin for sign of praise ) after the inscription on the reverse of the medal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Iron_Cross', 'summary': 'The Iron Cross ( German : Eisernes Kreuz ( help·info ) , abbreviated EK ) is a former military decoration in the Kingdom of Prussia , and later in the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) and Nazi Germany ( 1933-1945 ) . It was established by King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia on 17 March 1813 during the Napoleonic Wars ( EK 1813 ) . The award was backdated to the birthday ( 10 March ) of his late wife Queen Louise . Louise was the first person to receive this decoration ( posthumously ) . The recommissioned Iron Cross was also awarded during the Franco-Prussian War ( EK 1870 ) , World War I ( EK 1914 ) , and World War II ( EK 1939 ) . The Iron Cross that was awarded during World War II has a swastika in the center . The Iron Cross was normally a military decoration only , though there were instances of it being awarded to civilians for performing military functions . Two examples of this were civilian test pilots Hanna Reitsch who was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class and 1st Class and Melitta Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg , who was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class , for their actions as pilots during World War II . The design of the cross symbol was black with a white or silver outline , was ultimately derived from the cross pattée of the Teutonic Order , used by knights on occasions from the 13th century . The Prussian Army black cross pattée was also used as the symbol of the succeeding German Army from 1871 to March/April 1918 , when it was replaced by the Balkenkreuz . In 1956 , it was re-introduced as the symbol of the Bundeswehr , the modern German armed forces .'}]}, {'value': 'Frank Linke-Crawford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Linke-Crawford', 'summary': 'Oberleutnant Frank Linke-Crawford ( 18 August 1893 - 30 July 1918 ) , was the fourth-ranking ace of the Austro-Hungarian Air Force during World War I , with 27 victories .'}]}, {'value': 'Austro-Hungarian Luftfahrtruppen', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fourth ranking Austro-Hungarian ace . Order of the Iron Crown', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hans-Georg von der Marwitz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hans-Georg_von_der_Marwitz', 'summary': 'Hans-Georg von der Marwitz ( 7 August 1893 - 12 May 1925 ) was a German World War I flying ace credited with 15 aerial victories .'}]}, {'value': 'German Luftstreitkräfte', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royal House Order of Hohenzollern , Iron Cross', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dieter Collin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dieter_Collin', 'summary': 'Leutnant Dieter Collin ( 17 February 1893 - 13 August 1918 ) IC was a World War I German flying ace credited with 13 aerial victories .'}]}, {'value': 'German Luftstreitkräfte', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iron Cross', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johannes Janzen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johannes_Janzen', 'summary': "Lieutenant Johannes Max Janzen ( 21 May 1886 - 18 October 1945 ) was a World War I flying ace credited with thirteen aerial victories . He returned to Germany 's military service during World War II , and died in a Russian prison camp on 18 October 1945 ."}]}, {'value': 'German Luftstreitkräfte', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iron Cross', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erich Rüdiger von Wedel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erich_Rüdiger_von_Wedel', 'summary': "Oberleutnant Erich Rüdiger von Wedel ( 1892-1954 ) was a German World War I flying ace credited with thirteen aerial victories . Additionally , he spent most of the time from 2 May 1918 until the war 's end on 11 November 1918 as commander of Jagdstaffel 11 ."}]}, {'value': 'German Luftstreitkräfte', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royal House Order of Hohenzollern , Iron Cross', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Willi Gabriel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Willi_Gabriel', 'summary': 'Vizefeldwebel ( later Hauptmann ) Willi Gabriel was a World War I flying ace credited with eleven aerial victories . Hermann Göring removed Gabriel from combat duty for shooting four enemy airplanes contrary to orders .'}]}, {'value': 'German Luftstreitkräfte', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iron Cross', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Donat Makijonek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donat_Makijonek', 'summary': 'Poruchik Donat Aduiovich Makijonek ( 19 May 1890 - 18 June 1941 ) was a World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories . He was the only ace of Polish ethnic heritage to fight against the Central Powers . In later life , he would help found Polish military aviation immediately after World War I , and fight in the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 .'}]}, {'value': 'Imperial Russian Air Service , Polish Air Force', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Air_Service', 'summary': "The Imperial Russian Air Service ( Императорскій военно-воздушный флотъ , literally Emperor 's Military Air Fleet ) was an air force founded in 1912 for Imperial Russia . The Air Service operated for 5 years . It only saw combat in World War I before being reorganized and renamed in 1917 following the creation of Soviet Russia . It formed what would later become the Soviet Air Forces ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Polish_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The Polish Air Force ( Siły Powietrzne , literally Air Forces ) is the aerial warfare military branch of the Polish Armed Forces . Until July 2004 it was officially known as Wojska Lotnicze i Obrony Powietrznej ( literally : Flight-and-Air Defence Forces ) . In 2014 it consisted of roughly 16,425 military personnel and about 475 aircraft , distributed among ten bases throughout Poland . The Polish Air Force can trace its origins to the months following the end of World War I in 1918 . During the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany in 1939 , 70% of its aircraft were destroyed . Most pilots , after the Soviet invasion of Poland on September 17 , escaped via Romania and Hungary to continue fighting throughout World War II in allied air forces , first in France , then in Britain , and later also the Soviet Union .'}]}, {'value': '8 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cross of Saint George ( 2nd , 3rd , and 4th Class Awards ) , Order of Saint Vladimir , Order of Saint Stanislaus ( Imperial House of Romanov ) , Order of Saint Anne ( 3rd and 4th Class Awards )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross_of_Saint_George', 'summary': 'The Cross of Saint George ( Russian : Георгиевский крест ) is a state decoration of the Russian Federation . It was initially established by Imperial Russia where it was officially known as the Decoration of the Military Order of Saint George between 1807 and 1913 . The Cross of Saint George was reinstated into the Russian awards system in 1992 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Vladimir', 'summary': "The Order of Saint Vladimir ( Russian : орден Святого Владимира ) was an Imperial Russian order established in 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir , the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus ' ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Stanislaus_(Imperial_House_of_Romanov)', 'summary': 'The Order of Saint Stanislaus ( Polish : Order św . Stanisława , Russian : Орденъ Св . Станислава ) , also spelled Stanislas , is a Russian dynastic order of knighthood founded as Order of the Knights of Saint Stanislaus , Bishop and Martyr in 1765 by King Stanisław II Augustus of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth . In 1831 after the downfall of the November Uprising , the order was incorporated into the Chapter of Russian Orders as part of the honours system of the Russian Empire by Emperor Nicholas I of Russia . In 1839 , the Russian Order of Saint Stanislaus received new statutes , including granting status of nobility on its recipients in all three classes . As a result of the Russian Revolution 1917 , activities were suspended by the Soviet Union , although it has since been awarded by the head of the Imperial House of Romanov as a dynastic order . When in 1918 Poland regained its independence as the Second Polish Republic , a Polish order was introduced as a successor to the Polish Order of Saint Stanislaus , the Order of Polonia Restituta . However , the Order of Saint Stanislas continued to be awarded after the revolution by Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich , Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich , and Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna ; the latter a claimant to the headship of the Imperial House .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Anne', 'summary': 'The Order of Saint Anna ( Russian : Орден Святой Анны ; also Order of Saint Ann or Order of Saint Anne ) was established as a Holstein ducal and then Russian imperial order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich , Duke of Holstein-Gottorp , on 14 February 1735 , in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna , daughter of Peter the Great of Russia . The motto of the Order is Amantibus Justitiam , Pietatem , Fidem ( To those who love justice , piety , and fidelity ) . Its festival day is 3 February ( New Style , 16 February ) . Originally , the Order of Saint Anna was a dynastic order of knighthood ; but between 1797 and 1917 it had dual status as a dynastic order and as a state order . The Head of the Imperial House of Russia always is Master of the imperial Order of Saint Anna . The Order of St. Anna continued to be awarded after the revolution by Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich , Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich , and Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna . Today , the Russian Imperial Order of St. Anna , awarded by Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna is recognized as an order of chivalry by the privately operated ICOC as a continuation of the pre-Revolutionary order , and has been approved for wear with military uniform by the Russian Federation , but not by some members of the Romanov Family Association . Membership of the Order was awarded for a distinguished career in civil service or for valour and distinguished service in the military . The Order of Saint Anna entitled recipients of the first class to hereditary nobility , and recipients of lower classes to personal nobility . For military recipients , it was awarded with swords . It is now usually awarded for meritorious service to the Imperial House of Russia . Recipients of the Order of St. Andrew ( K.A . )'}]}, {'value': 'Hans Schilling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hans_Schilling_(aviator)', 'summary': 'Oberleutnant Hans Schilling ( 24 September 1892 - 4 December 1916 ) was an early World War I German observer flying ace . He scored his eight confirmed aerial victories teamed with Albert Dossenbach . The pair of them were shot down on 3 November 1916 . Dossenbach was wounded ; Schilling was burnt . As a result , Schilling was teamed with another pilot , and killed in action on 4 December 1916 by Charles Nungesser .'}]}, {'value': 'German Luftstreitkräfte', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royal House Order of Hohenzollern', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alfred Fleischer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfred_Fleischer', 'summary': "Alfred Fleischer was a German World War I flying ace credited with six confirmed aerial victories . He served as a grenadier until late 1916 before transferring to aviation and becoming a fighter pilot . In an unusual turn of events , he became friends with an American pilot he shot down . Fleischer would return to Germany 's service during World War II , commanding air bases in Russia , Hungary , and Yugoslavia . Postwar , he would move to the United States with the aid of the pilot he had downed in World War I ."}]}, {'value': 'German Luftstreitkräfte', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iron Cross First Class', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mieczysław Garsztka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mieczysław_Garsztka', 'summary': 'Mieczysław Sylwester Garsztka ( 31 December 1896 - 10 June 1919 ) was a Polish pilot and a flying ace of the German air force during World War I and later the Polish air force during the Polish-Ukrainian War .'}]}, {'value': 'German Luftstreitkräfte , Polish Air Force', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iron Cross First and Second Class , Virtuti Militari Fifth Class', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virtuti_Militari', 'summary': "The War Order of Virtuti Militari ( Latin : For Military Virtue , Polish : Order Wojenny Virtuti Militari ) is Poland 's highest military decoration for heroism and courage in the face of the enemy at war . It was created in 1792 by Polish King Stanisław II August and is one of the oldest military decorations in the world still in use . It is awarded in five classes either for personal heroism or , to commanders , for leadership . Some of the heroic actions recognized by an award of the Virtuti Militari are equivalent to those meriting the British Victoria Cross , the German Iron Cross , and the American Medal of Honor . Soon after its introduction , however , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was destroyed in the partitions of Poland ( 1795 ) , and the partitioning powers abolished the decoration and prohibited its wearing . Since then , the award has been reintroduced , renamed and banned several times , with its fate closely reflecting the vicissitudes of the Polish people . Throughout the decoration 's existence , thousands of soldiers and officers , Polish and foreign , several cities and one ship have been awarded the Virtuti Militari for valor or outstanding leadership in war . There have been no new awards since 1989 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tadeusz Grochowalski', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Imperial Russian Air Service', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wiktor Komorowski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wiktor_Komorowski', 'summary': 'Wiktor Komorowski ( 8 June 1887 - 23 August 1952 ) was a Polish ace pilot in the Imperial Russian Air Force during World War I with six confirmed kills .'}]}, {'value': 'Imperial Russian Air Service', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julius Kowalczik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julius_Kowalczik', 'summary': 'Julius Kowalczik was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories who held the rank of Offiziersstellvertreter .'}]}, {'value': 'Austro-Hungarian Luftfahrtruppen', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Antoni Mroczkowski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antoni_Mroczkowski', 'summary': 'Antoni Mroczkowski was a Polish ace pilot in the Imperial Russian Air Force during the World War I with 5 confirmed kills .'}]}, {'value': 'Imperial Russian Air Service , Polish Air Force', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Served in Polish-Soviet War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Polish-Soviet_War', 'summary': "The Polish-Soviet War [ N 1 ] ( 14 February 1919 - 18 October 1920 ) was fought by the Second Polish Republic , the Ukrainian People 's Republic and the proto-Soviet Union ( Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine ) over a region comparable to today 's westernmost Ukraine and parts of modern Belarus . Russia sought to cross Poland in order to stimulate a Europe-wide communist revolution . Poland 's Chief of State , Józef Piłsudski , felt the time was right to expand Polish borders as far east as feasible , to be followed by a Polish-led Intermarium federation of Central and Eastern European states , as a bulwark against the re-emergence of German and Russian imperialism . Vladimir Lenin saw Poland as the bridge the Red Army had to cross to assist other Communist movements and bring about more European revolutions . By 1919 , Polish forces had taken control of much of Western Ukraine , emerging victorious from the Polish-Ukrainian War . The West Ukrainian People 's Republic , led by Yevhen Petrushevych , had tried to create a Ukrainian state on territories to which both Poles and Ukrainians laid claim . In the Russian part of Ukraine Symon Petliura tried to defend and strengthen the Ukrainian People 's Republic but as the Bolsheviks began to win the Russian Civil War , they started to advance westward towards the disputed Ukrainian territories , causing Petliura 's forces to retreat to Podolia . By the end of 1919 , a clear front had formed as Petliura decided to ally with Piłsudski . Border skirmishes escalated following Piłsudski 's Kiev Offensive in April 1920 . The Polish offensive was met by a successful Red Army counter-attack . The Soviet operation pushed the Polish forces back westward all the way to the Polish capital , Warsaw , while the Directorate of Ukraine fled to Western Europe . Western fears of Soviet troops arriving at the German frontiers increased the interest of Western powers in the war ."}]}, {'value': 'Stefan Peter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Austro-Hungarian Luftfahrtruppen', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5 victories', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'This is a list of World War I flying aces who were born in the territory of the present-day Republic of Poland . Poland was not an independent country during World War I , and pilots born there served in several different air forces . They may therefore also appear in other lists of aces . Some of them also fought in the struggles that echoed through Europe in the aftermath of World War I .', 'uid': 'List_of_World_War_I_aces_from_Poland_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of World War I flying aces who were born in the territory of the present-day Republic of Poland. Poland was not an independent country during World War I, and pilots born there served in several different air forces. They may therefore also appear in other lists of aces. Some of them also fought in the struggles that echoed through Europe in the aftermath of World War I. This list is incomplete.'}	null	null	Who removed the Polish World War I ace who received the Iron Cross and had 11 victories from combat duty ?	Hermann Göring
0a2c3a6fbdecf9a0	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana_Premier_League', 'title': 'Botswana Premier League', 'header': ['Season', 'Winner', 'Runner-up', 'Relegated at end of season', 'Promoted at end of season'], 'data': [{'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Botswana_Premier_League', 'summary': 'The 1992 Botswana Premier League , also known as the 1992 Castle Super League for sponsorship reasons , was the 26th season of the Botswana Premier League . It was the first to feature 12 teams , an improvement from the 10 teams of the previous season .'}]}, {'value': 'LCS Gunners', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Extension_Gunners', 'summary': 'Extension Gunners FC is a football club based in Lobatse , Botswana . The team plays in the Botswana Premier League . The club was founded in 1962 in the Southern town of Lobatse , where it is still based . They play at the Lobatse Sports Complex .'}]}, {'value': 'TAFIC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TAFIC_F.C.', 'summary': 'Tati African Football Independent Club also known as TAFIC for short , is a football club based in Francistown , Botswana . The team was relegated from the Botswana Premier League to the First Division North in 2014 . Nicknamed Matjimenyenga , after a stream , which runs behind the low-income locations of Maipaafela and Kgaphamadi . The club motto : Undipe ndi kupe . The club was founded as in 1959 as a break away from the then popular TAFA football club . Information has it that the founders of TAFIC , which was initially known as Sharp Shooters in its formative years , were based at Kgaphamadi . They gained promotion back to the elite league as champions in the 2016/17 season but were subsequently relegated the very next season . They are currently playing in the First Division North .'}]}, {'value': 'Jwaneng Comets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jwaneng_Comets_FC', 'summary': 'Jwaneng Galaxy Football Club is a Botswana football club based in Jwaneng . The club currently plays in the Botswana Premier League .'}]}, {'value': 'Mogoditshane Fighters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mogoditshane_Fighters', 'summary': "Mogoditshane Fighters are a football ( soccer ) club from the Mogoditshane in Botswana . The club 's nickname is The Brazilians ."}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1997_Botswana_Premier_League', 'summary': 'The 1997 Botswana Premier League , also known as the 1997 Castle Super League for sponsorship reasons , was the 31st season of the Botswana Premier League . It was won by BDF XI .'}]}, {'value': 'BDF XI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force_XI_FC', 'summary': 'Botswana Defence Force XI Football Club is a football club from Botswana based in Mogoditshane and playing home games in Gaborone . It is the club of the Botswana Defence Force , being composed mostly of military players . As of 2007 , players were eligible to play for the club once they become cadets . In 2016 , the club reduced the number of civilian players on the team citing financial concerns .'}]}, {'value': 'Gaborone United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gaborone_United', 'summary': 'Gaborone United Sporting Club ( GU ) is a football club from Botswana based in Gaborone . It is the only professional sporting club in Botswana and its run and owned partly by Soccer Dynamics , a corporation that is chaired by the Gaborone United Chairman Dr Nzikomana and having the likes of the Lebanese construction magnate Nicholas Zakhem as its directors . The team made history on the 13 August 2013 by becoming the first team ever in the history of the BPL to be sponsored to the tune of over three million in three years . Mutual and Federal Insurance Company is now the official sponsor of Gaborone United Sporting club at the tune of 3.6 million for three years . [ citation needed ] Gaborone United play their home games at several venues .'}]}, {'value': 'BMC Nico United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gilport_Lions_F.C.', 'summary': 'Gilport Lions Football Club is a soccer club from Botswana based in Lobatse . Gilport Lions team colours are green and white . The club was previously called Botswana Meat Commission F.C . They won FA Challenge Cup in 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nico_United', 'summary': 'Nico United is an association football club team based in Selebi-Phikwe , Botswana . The team rejoined the Botswana Premier League for the 2004-05 season after spending the 2003-04 season playing in the second level , First Division-North . Majombolo , as the team is widely known , are based in the copper and nickel mining town of Selebi-Phikwe , in the northeast part of Botswana , about 420 kilometres from the capital Gaborone .'}]}, {'value': 'Mokgosi Young Fighters TASC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TASC_FC', 'summary': 'TASC FC is a football club from Botswana based in Francistown . TASC was originally called Army Zebras Football Club and was formed in 1983 by Mr. Leshongwane , Mike Molefe and Motang . The club is popularly known as Tongo Boys or TASC Confidence . TASC- Tati Sporting Club .'}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_Botswana_Premier_League', 'summary': 'The 1998 Botswana Premier League , also known as the 1998 Castle Super League for sponsorship reasons , was the 32nd season of the Botswana Premier League . It was won by Notwane .'}]}, {'value': 'Notwane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Notwane_FC', 'summary': 'Notwane FC is a football club from Botswana based in Gaborone . It is named after the Notwane River . Notwane is owned by GMG Global Investments , a subsidiary of GMG Holdings and recently made major scoop by signing former South African international players , former Orlando Pirates player Benedict Vilakazi and former Mamelodi Sundowns player Manqoba Ngwenya [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'BDF XI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force_XI_FC', 'summary': 'Botswana Defence Force XI Football Club is a football club from Botswana based in Mogoditshane and playing home games in Gaborone . It is the club of the Botswana Defence Force , being composed mostly of military players . As of 2007 , players were eligible to play for the club once they become cadets . In 2016 , the club reduced the number of civilian players on the team citing financial concerns .'}]}, {'value': 'TASC Mokgosi Young Fighters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TASC_FC', 'summary': 'TASC FC is a football club from Botswana based in Francistown . TASC was originally called Army Zebras Football Club and was formed in 1983 by Mr. Leshongwane , Mike Molefe and Motang . The club is popularly known as Tongo Boys or TASC Confidence . TASC- Tati Sporting Club .'}]}, {'value': 'Satmos Jwaneng Comets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/F.C._Satmos', 'summary': 'FC Satmos is a football club from Botswana based in Selebi-Phikwe . SATMOS was originally called Copper Chiefs Football Club and was formed in 1996 by Late Samuel Thotogelo Molati Sono ( SATMOS ) . The club is popularly known as the Cheetahs . It became a professional team in 1997 . Its Motto is Youth Development and Professionalism . In 1997 , FC Satmos was registered in the league and duly took the place of Copper Chiefs in the then Chibuku Second Division . The team was duly promoted to the first division , It came as no surprise as Satmos won the First Division campaign and was promoted to the elite league in 1999 . The club played in the Botswana Premier League in 2006-07 , but were relegated to Botswana First Division North after finishing the league in the 16th position . Jwaneng Galaxy FC sent FC Satmos to Debswana First Division League with a humiliating 6 nil defeat in the be MOBILE Premiership game at Selibe phikwe stadium on Saturday .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jwaneng_Comets_FC', 'summary': 'Jwaneng Galaxy Football Club is a Botswana football club based in Jwaneng . The club currently plays in the Botswana Premier League .'}]}, {'value': '1998-99', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mogoditshane Fighters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mogoditshane_Fighters', 'summary': "Mogoditshane Fighters are a football ( soccer ) club from the Mogoditshane in Botswana . The club 's nickname is The Brazilians ."}]}, {'value': 'BDF XI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force_XI_FC', 'summary': 'Botswana Defence Force XI Football Club is a football club from Botswana based in Mogoditshane and playing home games in Gaborone . It is the club of the Botswana Defence Force , being composed mostly of military players . As of 2007 , players were eligible to play for the club once they become cadets . In 2016 , the club reduced the number of civilian players on the team citing financial concerns .'}]}, {'value': 'No relegation', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999-00', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mogoditshane Fighters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mogoditshane_Fighters', 'summary': "Mogoditshane Fighters are a football ( soccer ) club from the Mogoditshane in Botswana . The club 's nickname is The Brazilians ."}]}, {'value': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mochudi_Centre_Chiefs_SC', 'summary': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs Sporting Club are a professional football club based in Gaborone , Botswana , who play in the Botswana first division following their relegation from the Premier League in 2019 . Centre Chiefs have won the Botswana Premier League , the highest level of Botswana football , four times . The team originates from Mochudi , a large village on the outskirts of Gaborone .'}]}, {'value': 'Gaborone United Prisons XI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gaborone_United', 'summary': 'Gaborone United Sporting Club ( GU ) is a football club from Botswana based in Gaborone . It is the only professional sporting club in Botswana and its run and owned partly by Soccer Dynamics , a corporation that is chaired by the Gaborone United Chairman Dr Nzikomana and having the likes of the Lebanese construction magnate Nicholas Zakhem as its directors . The team made history on the 13 August 2013 by becoming the first team ever in the history of the BPL to be sponsored to the tune of over three million in three years . Mutual and Federal Insurance Company is now the official sponsor of Gaborone United Sporting club at the tune of 3.6 million for three years . [ citation needed ] Gaborone United play their home games at several venues .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Botswana_Prisons_XI_FC', 'summary': 'Prisons XI Gaborone are an football club from Gaborone , Botswana , currently playing in the Botswana Premier League .'}]}, {'value': 'Botswana Meat Commission TASC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gilport_Lions_F.C.', 'summary': 'Gilport Lions Football Club is a soccer club from Botswana based in Lobatse . Gilport Lions team colours are green and white . The club was previously called Botswana Meat Commission F.C . They won FA Challenge Cup in 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/TASC_FC', 'summary': 'TASC FC is a football club from Botswana based in Francistown . TASC was originally called Army Zebras Football Club and was formed in 1983 by Mr. Leshongwane , Mike Molefe and Motang . The club is popularly known as Tongo Boys or TASC Confidence . TASC- Tati Sporting Club .'}]}, {'value': '2000-01', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mogoditshane Fighters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mogoditshane_Fighters', 'summary': "Mogoditshane Fighters are a football ( soccer ) club from the Mogoditshane in Botswana . The club 's nickname is The Brazilians ."}]}, {'value': 'BDF XI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force_XI_FC', 'summary': 'Botswana Defence Force XI Football Club is a football club from Botswana based in Mogoditshane and playing home games in Gaborone . It is the club of the Botswana Defence Force , being composed mostly of military players . As of 2007 , players were eligible to play for the club once they become cadets . In 2016 , the club reduced the number of civilian players on the team citing financial concerns .'}]}, {'value': 'Botswana Meat Commission Satmos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gilport_Lions_F.C.', 'summary': 'Gilport Lions Football Club is a soccer club from Botswana based in Lobatse . Gilport Lions team colours are green and white . The club was previously called Botswana Meat Commission F.C . They won FA Challenge Cup in 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/F.C._Satmos', 'summary': 'FC Satmos is a football club from Botswana based in Selebi-Phikwe . SATMOS was originally called Copper Chiefs Football Club and was formed in 1996 by Late Samuel Thotogelo Molati Sono ( SATMOS ) . The club is popularly known as the Cheetahs . It became a professional team in 1997 . Its Motto is Youth Development and Professionalism . In 1997 , FC Satmos was registered in the league and duly took the place of Copper Chiefs in the then Chibuku Second Division . The team was duly promoted to the first division , It came as no surprise as Satmos won the First Division campaign and was promoted to the elite league in 1999 . The club played in the Botswana Premier League in 2006-07 , but were relegated to Botswana First Division North after finishing the league in the 16th position . Jwaneng Galaxy FC sent FC Satmos to Debswana First Division League with a humiliating 6 nil defeat in the be MOBILE Premiership game at Selibe phikwe stadium on Saturday .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001-02', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BDF XI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force_XI_FC', 'summary': 'Botswana Defence Force XI Football Club is a football club from Botswana based in Mogoditshane and playing home games in Gaborone . It is the club of the Botswana Defence Force , being composed mostly of military players . As of 2007 , players were eligible to play for the club once they become cadets . In 2016 , the club reduced the number of civilian players on the team citing financial concerns .'}]}, {'value': 'Mogoditshane Fighters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mogoditshane_Fighters', 'summary': "Mogoditshane Fighters are a football ( soccer ) club from the Mogoditshane in Botswana . The club 's nickname is The Brazilians ."}]}, {'value': 'Nico United Township Rollers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nico_United', 'summary': 'Nico United is an association football club team based in Selebi-Phikwe , Botswana . The team rejoined the Botswana Premier League for the 2004-05 season after spending the 2003-04 season playing in the second level , First Division-North . Majombolo , as the team is widely known , are based in the copper and nickel mining town of Selebi-Phikwe , in the northeast part of Botswana , about 420 kilometres from the capital Gaborone .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Township_Rollers', 'summary': "Township Rollers Football Club is a football club based in Gaborone . Rollers are also known as Popa , The Blues or Tse Tala , the official nicknames of the club . The club is also often referred to as Mapalastina , a nickname that developed in the 1990s but has never been officially adopted by the club . Rollers is most successful club in Botswana football history , with more league titles and cup competitions won than any other local side and enjoys the largest support base of any sports team in the country . [ citation needed ] The club was founded in 1961 as Mighty Tigers , later to adopt the name Township Rollers in 1965 . Rollers has an old rivalry with cross town club Gaborone United , the match between the two sides called the Gaborone Derby . Rollers also have a bitter rivalry with Mochudi Centre Chiefs , and matches between the two sides over time eclipsed the Gaborone Derby as the biggest football encounter in Botswana due to both clubs ' following and success . Club financier Jagdish Shah has been the most influential figure at the club since 2013 . The team is owned by its supporters , whose membership of the club qualifies them to be a part of the Township Rollers society . The society membership elects the Rollers executive committee at annual general meetings ( AGM ) . The club is currently administered by an executive committee comprising Walter Kgabung ( chairman ) , Jagdish Shah ( president ) , Khumo Masonya ( secretary general ) , Kebadile Mosiakgabo ( deputy secretary ) , Phempheretlhe Bafana Pheto ( public relations officer ) , Minkie Molatlhegi ( Treasurer ) , and additional member Baatweng Motladiile . Other senior officials are Sydney Magagane ( general manager ) , Ajay Shah ( finance manager ) and Motshegetsi Mafa ( team manager ) ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002-03', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mogoditshane Fighters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mogoditshane_Fighters', 'summary': "Mogoditshane Fighters are a football ( soccer ) club from the Mogoditshane in Botswana . The club 's nickname is The Brazilians ."}]}, {'value': 'Police XI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Botswana_Police_XI_SC', 'summary': 'Botswana Police XI Sporting Club is a football ( soccer ) club from Botswana based in Otse .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004-05', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Township Rollers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Township_Rollers', 'summary': "Township Rollers Football Club is a football club based in Gaborone . Rollers are also known as Popa , The Blues or Tse Tala , the official nicknames of the club . The club is also often referred to as Mapalastina , a nickname that developed in the 1990s but has never been officially adopted by the club . Rollers is most successful club in Botswana football history , with more league titles and cup competitions won than any other local side and enjoys the largest support base of any sports team in the country . [ citation needed ] The club was founded in 1961 as Mighty Tigers , later to adopt the name Township Rollers in 1965 . Rollers has an old rivalry with cross town club Gaborone United , the match between the two sides called the Gaborone Derby . Rollers also have a bitter rivalry with Mochudi Centre Chiefs , and matches between the two sides over time eclipsed the Gaborone Derby as the biggest football encounter in Botswana due to both clubs ' following and success . Club financier Jagdish Shah has been the most influential figure at the club since 2013 . The team is owned by its supporters , whose membership of the club qualifies them to be a part of the Township Rollers society . The society membership elects the Rollers executive committee at annual general meetings ( AGM ) . The club is currently administered by an executive committee comprising Walter Kgabung ( chairman ) , Jagdish Shah ( president ) , Khumo Masonya ( secretary general ) , Kebadile Mosiakgabo ( deputy secretary ) , Phempheretlhe Bafana Pheto ( public relations officer ) , Minkie Molatlhegi ( Treasurer ) , and additional member Baatweng Motladiile . Other senior officials are Sydney Magagane ( general manager ) , Ajay Shah ( finance manager ) and Motshegetsi Mafa ( team manager ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Police XI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Botswana_Police_XI_SC', 'summary': 'Botswana Police XI Sporting Club is a football ( soccer ) club from Botswana based in Otse .'}]}, {'value': 'Uniao Flamengo Santos TAFIC Orapa Wanderers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uniao_Flamengo_Santos_F.C.', 'summary': "Uniao Flamengo Santos is a football club from Gabane , Botswana based in Gaborone . They play their home matches at UB Stadium in Gaborone . The club is named after two Brazilian clubs : Flamengo and Santos . Its colors , however , are blue and white , and its home kit is similar to the Argentine national team 's . Uniao Flamengo Santos was promoted to Botswana 's top level league , which is the Mascom Premier League , during the 2005-06 season , when the club finished in First Division South 's first position . In 2006-07 the club finished in Mascom Premier League 's eleventh position . Uniao Flamengo Santos finished in Mascom Premier League 's third position in 2007-08 season ."}, {'url': '/wiki/TAFIC_F.C.', 'summary': 'Tati African Football Independent Club also known as TAFIC for short , is a football club based in Francistown , Botswana . The team was relegated from the Botswana Premier League to the First Division North in 2014 . Nicknamed Matjimenyenga , after a stream , which runs behind the low-income locations of Maipaafela and Kgaphamadi . The club motto : Undipe ndi kupe . The club was founded as in 1959 as a break away from the then popular TAFA football club . Information has it that the founders of TAFIC , which was initially known as Sharp Shooters in its formative years , were based at Kgaphamadi . They gained promotion back to the elite league as champions in the 2016/17 season but were subsequently relegated the very next season . They are currently playing in the First Division North .'}]}, {'value': 'Naughty Boys', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005-06', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Police XI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Botswana_Police_XI_SC', 'summary': 'Botswana Police XI Sporting Club is a football ( soccer ) club from Botswana based in Otse .'}]}, {'value': 'BDF XI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force_XI_FC', 'summary': 'Botswana Defence Force XI Football Club is a football club from Botswana based in Mogoditshane and playing home games in Gaborone . It is the club of the Botswana Defence Force , being composed mostly of military players . As of 2007 , players were eligible to play for the club once they become cadets . In 2016 , the club reduced the number of civilian players on the team citing financial concerns .'}]}, {'value': 'Mogoditshane Fighters Naughty Boys Mosquito', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mogoditshane_Fighters', 'summary': "Mogoditshane Fighters are a football ( soccer ) club from the Mogoditshane in Botswana . The club 's nickname is The Brazilians ."}]}, {'value': 'Jwaneng Comets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jwaneng_Comets_FC', 'summary': 'Jwaneng Galaxy Football Club is a Botswana football club based in Jwaneng . The club currently plays in the Botswana Premier League .'}]}, {'value': '2006-07', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ECCO City Greens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ECCO_City_Green', 'summary': 'ECCO City Greens FC is a football club from Botswana based in Francistown . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mochudi_Centre_Chiefs_SC', 'summary': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs Sporting Club are a professional football club based in Gaborone , Botswana , who play in the Botswana first division following their relegation from the Premier League in 2019 . Centre Chiefs have won the Botswana Premier League , the highest level of Botswana football , four times . The team originates from Mochudi , a large village on the outskirts of Gaborone .'}]}, {'value': 'Prisons XI Satmos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Botswana_Prisons_XI_FC', 'summary': 'Prisons XI Gaborone are an football club from Gaborone , Botswana , currently playing in the Botswana Premier League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/F.C._Satmos', 'summary': 'FC Satmos is a football club from Botswana based in Selebi-Phikwe . SATMOS was originally called Copper Chiefs Football Club and was formed in 1996 by Late Samuel Thotogelo Molati Sono ( SATMOS ) . The club is popularly known as the Cheetahs . It became a professional team in 1997 . Its Motto is Youth Development and Professionalism . In 1997 , FC Satmos was registered in the league and duly took the place of Copper Chiefs in the then Chibuku Second Division . The team was duly promoted to the first division , It came as no surprise as Satmos won the First Division campaign and was promoted to the elite league in 1999 . The club played in the Botswana Premier League in 2006-07 , but were relegated to Botswana First Division North after finishing the league in the 16th position . Jwaneng Galaxy FC sent FC Satmos to Debswana First Division League with a humiliating 6 nil defeat in the be MOBILE Premiership game at Selibe phikwe stadium on Saturday .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007-08', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mochudi_Centre_Chiefs_SC', 'summary': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs Sporting Club are a professional football club based in Gaborone , Botswana , who play in the Botswana first division following their relegation from the Premier League in 2019 . Centre Chiefs have won the Botswana Premier League , the highest level of Botswana football , four times . The team originates from Mochudi , a large village on the outskirts of Gaborone .'}]}, {'value': 'Gaborone United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gaborone_United', 'summary': 'Gaborone United Sporting Club ( GU ) is a football club from Botswana based in Gaborone . It is the only professional sporting club in Botswana and its run and owned partly by Soccer Dynamics , a corporation that is chaired by the Gaborone United Chairman Dr Nzikomana and having the likes of the Lebanese construction magnate Nicholas Zakhem as its directors . The team made history on the 13 August 2013 by becoming the first team ever in the history of the BPL to be sponsored to the tune of over three million in three years . Mutual and Federal Insurance Company is now the official sponsor of Gaborone United Sporting club at the tune of 3.6 million for three years . [ citation needed ] Gaborone United play their home games at several venues .'}]}, {'value': 'TASC Jwaneng Comets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TASC_FC', 'summary': 'TASC FC is a football club from Botswana based in Francistown . TASC was originally called Army Zebras Football Club and was formed in 1983 by Mr. Leshongwane , Mike Molefe and Motang . The club is popularly known as Tongo Boys or TASC Confidence . TASC- Tati Sporting Club .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jwaneng_Comets_FC', 'summary': 'Jwaneng Galaxy Football Club is a Botswana football club based in Jwaneng . The club currently plays in the Botswana Premier League .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008-09', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gaborone United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gaborone_United', 'summary': 'Gaborone United Sporting Club ( GU ) is a football club from Botswana based in Gaborone . It is the only professional sporting club in Botswana and its run and owned partly by Soccer Dynamics , a corporation that is chaired by the Gaborone United Chairman Dr Nzikomana and having the likes of the Lebanese construction magnate Nicholas Zakhem as its directors . The team made history on the 13 August 2013 by becoming the first team ever in the history of the BPL to be sponsored to the tune of over three million in three years . Mutual and Federal Insurance Company is now the official sponsor of Gaborone United Sporting club at the tune of 3.6 million for three years . [ citation needed ] Gaborone United play their home games at several venues .'}]}, {'value': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mochudi_Centre_Chiefs_SC', 'summary': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs Sporting Club are a professional football club based in Gaborone , Botswana , who play in the Botswana first division following their relegation from the Premier League in 2019 . Centre Chiefs have won the Botswana Premier League , the highest level of Botswana football , four times . The team originates from Mochudi , a large village on the outskirts of Gaborone .'}]}, {'value': 'Mogoditshane Fighters Great North Tigers Naughty Boys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mogoditshane_Fighters', 'summary': "Mogoditshane Fighters are a football ( soccer ) club from the Mogoditshane in Botswana . The club 's nickname is The Brazilians ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Great_North_Tigers_F.C.', 'summary': "Great North Tigers is a Botswana football club that participates in the country 's Botswana First Division North and is affiliate of Botswana Football Association ."}]}, {'value': 'Jwaneng Comets Motlakase Power Dynamos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jwaneng_Comets_FC', 'summary': 'Jwaneng Galaxy Football Club is a Botswana football club based in Jwaneng . The club currently plays in the Botswana Premier League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Motlakase_Power_Dynamos', 'summary': 'Motlakase Power Dynamos are a Botswana football club from Palapye playing in the second division Botswana First Division North . In the 2015-16 season they were relegated after finishing 14th in the Botswana Premier League .'}]}, {'value': '2009-10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Township Rollers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Township_Rollers', 'summary': "Township Rollers Football Club is a football club based in Gaborone . Rollers are also known as Popa , The Blues or Tse Tala , the official nicknames of the club . The club is also often referred to as Mapalastina , a nickname that developed in the 1990s but has never been officially adopted by the club . Rollers is most successful club in Botswana football history , with more league titles and cup competitions won than any other local side and enjoys the largest support base of any sports team in the country . [ citation needed ] The club was founded in 1961 as Mighty Tigers , later to adopt the name Township Rollers in 1965 . Rollers has an old rivalry with cross town club Gaborone United , the match between the two sides called the Gaborone Derby . Rollers also have a bitter rivalry with Mochudi Centre Chiefs , and matches between the two sides over time eclipsed the Gaborone Derby as the biggest football encounter in Botswana due to both clubs ' following and success . Club financier Jagdish Shah has been the most influential figure at the club since 2013 . The team is owned by its supporters , whose membership of the club qualifies them to be a part of the Township Rollers society . The society membership elects the Rollers executive committee at annual general meetings ( AGM ) . The club is currently administered by an executive committee comprising Walter Kgabung ( chairman ) , Jagdish Shah ( president ) , Khumo Masonya ( secretary general ) , Kebadile Mosiakgabo ( deputy secretary ) , Phempheretlhe Bafana Pheto ( public relations officer ) , Minkie Molatlhegi ( Treasurer ) , and additional member Baatweng Motladiile . Other senior officials are Sydney Magagane ( general manager ) , Ajay Shah ( finance manager ) and Motshegetsi Mafa ( team manager ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mochudi_Centre_Chiefs_SC', 'summary': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs Sporting Club are a professional football club based in Gaborone , Botswana , who play in the Botswana first division following their relegation from the Premier League in 2019 . Centre Chiefs have won the Botswana Premier League , the highest level of Botswana football , four times . The team originates from Mochudi , a large village on the outskirts of Gaborone .'}]}, {'value': 'Killer Giants Jwaneng Comets Boteti Young Fighters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jwaneng_Comets_FC', 'summary': 'Jwaneng Galaxy Football Club is a Botswana football club based in Jwaneng . The club currently plays in the Botswana Premier League .'}]}, {'value': 'TASC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TASC_FC', 'summary': 'TASC FC is a football club from Botswana based in Francistown . TASC was originally called Army Zebras Football Club and was formed in 1983 by Mr. Leshongwane , Mike Molefe and Motang . The club is popularly known as Tongo Boys or TASC Confidence . TASC- Tati Sporting Club .'}]}, {'value': '2010-11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Township Rollers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Township_Rollers', 'summary': "Township Rollers Football Club is a football club based in Gaborone . Rollers are also known as Popa , The Blues or Tse Tala , the official nicknames of the club . The club is also often referred to as Mapalastina , a nickname that developed in the 1990s but has never been officially adopted by the club . Rollers is most successful club in Botswana football history , with more league titles and cup competitions won than any other local side and enjoys the largest support base of any sports team in the country . [ citation needed ] The club was founded in 1961 as Mighty Tigers , later to adopt the name Township Rollers in 1965 . Rollers has an old rivalry with cross town club Gaborone United , the match between the two sides called the Gaborone Derby . Rollers also have a bitter rivalry with Mochudi Centre Chiefs , and matches between the two sides over time eclipsed the Gaborone Derby as the biggest football encounter in Botswana due to both clubs ' following and success . Club financier Jagdish Shah has been the most influential figure at the club since 2013 . The team is owned by its supporters , whose membership of the club qualifies them to be a part of the Township Rollers society . The society membership elects the Rollers executive committee at annual general meetings ( AGM ) . The club is currently administered by an executive committee comprising Walter Kgabung ( chairman ) , Jagdish Shah ( president ) , Khumo Masonya ( secretary general ) , Kebadile Mosiakgabo ( deputy secretary ) , Phempheretlhe Bafana Pheto ( public relations officer ) , Minkie Molatlhegi ( Treasurer ) , and additional member Baatweng Motladiile . Other senior officials are Sydney Magagane ( general manager ) , Ajay Shah ( finance manager ) and Motshegetsi Mafa ( team manager ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mochudi_Centre_Chiefs_SC', 'summary': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs Sporting Club are a professional football club based in Gaborone , Botswana , who play in the Botswana first division following their relegation from the Premier League in 2019 . Centre Chiefs have won the Botswana Premier League , the highest level of Botswana football , four times . The team originates from Mochudi , a large village on the outskirts of Gaborone .'}]}, {'value': 'TASC Black Peril FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TASC_FC', 'summary': 'TASC FC is a football club from Botswana based in Francistown . TASC was originally called Army Zebras Football Club and was formed in 1983 by Mr. Leshongwane , Mike Molefe and Motang . The club is popularly known as Tongo Boys or TASC Confidence . TASC- Tati Sporting Club .'}]}, {'value': 'Mogoditshane Fighters Satmos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mogoditshane_Fighters', 'summary': "Mogoditshane Fighters are a football ( soccer ) club from the Mogoditshane in Botswana . The club 's nickname is The Brazilians ."}, {'url': '/wiki/F.C._Satmos', 'summary': 'FC Satmos is a football club from Botswana based in Selebi-Phikwe . SATMOS was originally called Copper Chiefs Football Club and was formed in 1996 by Late Samuel Thotogelo Molati Sono ( SATMOS ) . The club is popularly known as the Cheetahs . It became a professional team in 1997 . Its Motto is Youth Development and Professionalism . In 1997 , FC Satmos was registered in the league and duly took the place of Copper Chiefs in the then Chibuku Second Division . The team was duly promoted to the first division , It came as no surprise as Satmos won the First Division campaign and was promoted to the elite league in 1999 . The club played in the Botswana Premier League in 2006-07 , but were relegated to Botswana First Division North after finishing the league in the 16th position . Jwaneng Galaxy FC sent FC Satmos to Debswana First Division League with a humiliating 6 nil defeat in the be MOBILE Premiership game at Selibe phikwe stadium on Saturday .'}]}, {'value': '2011-12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mochudi_Centre_Chiefs_SC', 'summary': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs Sporting Club are a professional football club based in Gaborone , Botswana , who play in the Botswana first division following their relegation from the Premier League in 2019 . Centre Chiefs have won the Botswana Premier League , the highest level of Botswana football , four times . The team originates from Mochudi , a large village on the outskirts of Gaborone .'}]}, {'value': 'Botswana Meat Commission', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gilport_Lions_F.C.', 'summary': 'Gilport Lions Football Club is a soccer club from Botswana based in Lobatse . Gilport Lions team colours are green and white . The club was previously called Botswana Meat Commission F.C . They won FA Challenge Cup in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Notwane F.C . Great North Tigers Satmos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Notwane_F.C.', 'summary': 'Notwane FC is a football club from Botswana based in Gaborone . It is named after the Notwane River . Notwane is owned by GMG Global Investments , a subsidiary of GMG Holdings and recently made major scoop by signing former South African international players , former Orlando Pirates player Benedict Vilakazi and former Mamelodi Sundowns player Manqoba Ngwenya [ citation needed ]'}, {'url': '/wiki/F.C._Satmos', 'summary': 'FC Satmos is a football club from Botswana based in Selebi-Phikwe . SATMOS was originally called Copper Chiefs Football Club and was formed in 1996 by Late Samuel Thotogelo Molati Sono ( SATMOS ) . The club is popularly known as the Cheetahs . It became a professional team in 1997 . Its Motto is Youth Development and Professionalism . In 1997 , FC Satmos was registered in the league and duly took the place of Copper Chiefs in the then Chibuku Second Division . The team was duly promoted to the first division , It came as no surprise as Satmos won the First Division campaign and was promoted to the elite league in 1999 . The club played in the Botswana Premier League in 2006-07 , but were relegated to Botswana First Division North after finishing the league in the 16th position . Jwaneng Galaxy FC sent FC Satmos to Debswana First Division League with a humiliating 6 nil defeat in the be MOBILE Premiership game at Selibe phikwe stadium on Saturday .'}]}, {'value': 'Motlakase Prisons XI BR Highlanders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prisons_XI', 'summary': 'Prisons XI Gaborone are an football club from Gaborone , Botswana , currently playing in the Botswana Premier League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Botswana_Railways_Highlanders', 'summary': "Botswana Railways Highlanders are a football club in the Botswana Premier League who play home games in Molepolole , but are based out of Mahalapye . Botswana Railways Highlanders are the team of Botswana Railways , but the company 's sponsorship only goes as far as transport and some sporting equipment . In 2015 Highlanders were 100% financed by the Railways corporation ."}]}, {'value': '2012-13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mochudi_Centre_Chiefs_SC', 'summary': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs Sporting Club are a professional football club based in Gaborone , Botswana , who play in the Botswana first division following their relegation from the Premier League in 2019 . Centre Chiefs have won the Botswana Premier League , the highest level of Botswana football , four times . The team originates from Mochudi , a large village on the outskirts of Gaborone .'}]}, {'value': 'Nico United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nico_United', 'summary': 'Nico United is an association football club team based in Selebi-Phikwe , Botswana . The team rejoined the Botswana Premier League for the 2004-05 season after spending the 2003-04 season playing in the second level , First Division-North . Majombolo , as the team is widely known , are based in the copper and nickel mining town of Selebi-Phikwe , in the northeast part of Botswana , about 420 kilometres from the capital Gaborone .'}]}, {'value': 'Prisons XI Mogoditshane Fighters BR Highlanders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prisons_XI', 'summary': 'Prisons XI Gaborone are an football club from Gaborone , Botswana , currently playing in the Botswana Premier League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mogoditshane_Fighters', 'summary': "Mogoditshane Fighters are a football ( soccer ) club from the Mogoditshane in Botswana . The club 's nickname is The Brazilians ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Botswana_Railways_Highlanders', 'summary': "Botswana Railways Highlanders are a football club in the Botswana Premier League who play home games in Molepolole , but are based out of Mahalapye . Botswana Railways Highlanders are the team of Botswana Railways , but the company 's sponsorship only goes as far as transport and some sporting equipment . In 2015 Highlanders were 100% financed by the Railways corporation ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013-14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Township Rollers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Township_Rollers', 'summary': "Township Rollers Football Club is a football club based in Gaborone . Rollers are also known as Popa , The Blues or Tse Tala , the official nicknames of the club . The club is also often referred to as Mapalastina , a nickname that developed in the 1990s but has never been officially adopted by the club . Rollers is most successful club in Botswana football history , with more league titles and cup competitions won than any other local side and enjoys the largest support base of any sports team in the country . [ citation needed ] The club was founded in 1961 as Mighty Tigers , later to adopt the name Township Rollers in 1965 . Rollers has an old rivalry with cross town club Gaborone United , the match between the two sides called the Gaborone Derby . Rollers also have a bitter rivalry with Mochudi Centre Chiefs , and matches between the two sides over time eclipsed the Gaborone Derby as the biggest football encounter in Botswana due to both clubs ' following and success . Club financier Jagdish Shah has been the most influential figure at the club since 2013 . The team is owned by its supporters , whose membership of the club qualifies them to be a part of the Township Rollers society . The society membership elects the Rollers executive committee at annual general meetings ( AGM ) . The club is currently administered by an executive committee comprising Walter Kgabung ( chairman ) , Jagdish Shah ( president ) , Khumo Masonya ( secretary general ) , Kebadile Mosiakgabo ( deputy secretary ) , Phempheretlhe Bafana Pheto ( public relations officer ) , Minkie Molatlhegi ( Treasurer ) , and additional member Baatweng Motladiile . Other senior officials are Sydney Magagane ( general manager ) , Ajay Shah ( finance manager ) and Motshegetsi Mafa ( team manager ) ."}]}, {'value': 'BDF XI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force_XI_FC', 'summary': 'Botswana Defence Force XI Football Club is a football club from Botswana based in Mogoditshane and playing home games in Gaborone . It is the club of the Botswana Defence Force , being composed mostly of military players . As of 2007 , players were eligible to play for the club once they become cadets . In 2016 , the club reduced the number of civilian players on the team citing financial concerns .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014-15', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014-15_Botswana_Premier_League', 'summary': 'The 2014-15 Botswana Premier League will be the 50th season of the Botswana Premier League since its establishment in 1966 . A total of 16 teams will contest the league , with Township Rollers as the defending champions .'}]}, {'value': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mochudi_Centre_Chiefs_SC', 'summary': 'Mochudi Centre Chiefs Sporting Club are a professional football club based in Gaborone , Botswana , who play in the Botswana first division following their relegation from the Premier League in 2019 . Centre Chiefs have won the Botswana Premier League , the highest level of Botswana football , four times . The team originates from Mochudi , a large village on the outskirts of Gaborone .'}]}, {'value': 'Orapa United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orapa_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Orapa United FC is a Botswana football club based in Orapa . The team currently plays in Botswana Premier League having gained promotion from Botswana First Division North League in the 2013-14 season . The club was founded in 2012 after five football clubs in the Orapa region merged . The club reached three consecutive Mascom Top 8 Cup finals from 2016 to 2018 , the premier cup competition in Botswana . They beat Township Rollers in the 2016 final .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Past seasons', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Botswana_Premier_League_1', 'intro': 'The Botswana Premier League, currently known as the BTC Premiership for sponsorship reasons, is the highest level football league in Botswana. Organised by the Botswana Football Association, the league has existed since 1966 and was initially called the MLO Cup. Participants in the first edition of the league included Tlokweng Pirates, Notwane, Black Peril, Queens Park Rangers and a team from Ngwaketse district. The league has always been dominated by the teams that are based south of Dibete or at the southern part of the country until the 2006-07 season when Ecco City Greens made history by becoming the first team from the north to lift the lucrative competition. The league is sponsored by a mobile phone operator Be Mobile to the tune of 30 million pula. After the ABSA premiership in South Africa, the Be Mobile league is the second highest sponsored league in the COSAFA region. The league has continued to grow in leaps and bounds as shown by the increasing number of foreign players in the BPL. Some top players from mainly Zimbabwe like Arnold Chaka, Master Masitara, Elvis Meleka, Mandla Sibanda, Sageby Sandaka and Tendai Ndoro have ditched the Zimbabwean PSL for the BPL in recent years. Recently Namibian stars like Jerome Luis and Benson Shilongo arrived in Botswana in search of the Pula. After terminating their television deal with a South African company RP Productions, the league is now negotiating a long term deal with Supersport International. In early 2013, the pay TV shown five BPL games on a testing basis. [citation needed]'}	null	null	What is the season year whose winner is composed mostly of military players ?	1997
0a2d2ffa0a3af05f	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_major_crimes_in_the_United_Kingdom', 'title': 'List of major crimes in the United Kingdom', 'header': ['Date', 'Name', 'No . of Deaths', 'Location', 'Details'], 'data': [{'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Murder of Ross Parker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Ross_Parker', 'summary': "Ross Andrew Parker ( 17 August 1984 - 21 September 2001 ) , from Peterborough , England , UK was a seventeen-year-old White English male murdered in an unprovoked racially motivated crime . He bled to death after being stabbed , beaten with a hammer , and repeatedly kicked by a gang of British Pakistani men . The incident occurred in Millfield , Peterborough , ten days after the September 11 attacks . In December 2002 , Shaied Nazir , Ahmed Ali Awan and Sarfraz Ali were unanimously found guilty of Parker 's murder and sentenced to life imprisonment , each receiving minimum terms ranging from 16-18 years . A fourth defendant , Zairaff Mahrad , was cleared of murder and manslaughter . A memorial plaque for Parker is located in the Netherton area of Peterborough where a football match is played each year in his memory ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peterborough , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peterborough', 'summary': 'Peterborough ( /ˈpiːtərbərə , -ˌbʌrə/ ( listen ) ) is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire , England , with a population of 202,110 in 2017 . Historically part of Northamptonshire , it is 76 miles ( 122 km ) north of London , on the River Nene which flows into the North Sea 30 miles ( 48 km ) to the north-east . The railway station is an important stop on the East Coast Main Line between London and Edinburgh . The city is also 70 miles ( 110 km ) east of Birmingham , 38 miles ( 61 km ) east of Leicester , 81 miles ( 130 km ) south of Kingston upon Hull and 65 miles ( 105 km ) west of Norwich . The local topography is flat , and in some places the land lies below sea level , for example in parts of the Fens to the east of Peterborough . Human settlement in the area began before the Bronze Age , as can be seen at the Flag Fen archaeological site to the east of the current city centre , also with evidence of Roman occupation . The Anglo-Saxon period saw the establishment of a monastery , Medeshamstede , which later became Peterborough Cathedral . The population grew rapidly after the railways arrived in the 19th century , and Peterborough became an industrial centre , particularly known for its brick manufacture . After the Second World War , growth was limited until designation as a New Town in the 1960s . Housing and population are expanding and a £1 billion regeneration of the city centre and immediately surrounding area is under way . Industrial employment has fallen since then , a significant proportion of new jobs being in financial services and distribution .'}]}, {'value': 'Ross Parker was a 17-year-old white male , murdered in an unprovoked racially motivated attack . The murder occurred 10 days after the September 11 attacks . Three men were all found guilty of his murder in unanimous verdicts and sentenced to life imprisonment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/September_11_attacks', 'summary': "The September 11 attacks ( also referred to as 9/11 ) [ a ] were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday , September 11 , 2001 . The attacks resulted in 2,977 victim fatalities , over 25,000 injuries , and caused at least $ 10 billion in infrastructure and property damage . Additional people have died of 9/11-related cancer and respiratory diseases in the months and years following the attacks . Four passenger airliners operated by two major U.S. passenger air carriers ( United Airlines and American Airlines ) - all of which departed from airports in the northeastern United States bound for San Francisco and Los Angeles - were hijacked by 19 al-Qaeda terrorists . Two of the planes , American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 , were crashed into the North and South towers , respectively , of the World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan . Within an hour and 42 minutes , both 110-story towers collapsed . Debris and the resulting fires caused a partial or complete collapse of all other buildings in the World Trade Center complex , including the 47-story 7 World Trade Center tower , as well as significant damage to ten other large surrounding structures . A third plane , American Airlines Flight 77 , was crashed into the Pentagon ( the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense ) in Arlington County , Virginia , which led to a partial collapse of the building 's west side . The fourth plane , United Airlines Flight 93 , was initially flown toward Washington , D.C. , but crashed into a field in Stonycreek Township near Shanksville , Pennsylvania , after its passengers thwarted the hijackers . 9/11 is the single deadliest terrorist attack in human history and the single deadliest incident for firefighters and law enforcement officers in the history of the United States , with 343 and 72 killed , respectively . Suspicion quickly fell on al-Qaeda . The United States responded by launching the War on Terror and invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban , which had failed to comply with U.S. demands to extradite Osama bin Laden and expel al-Qaeda from Afghanistan ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Murder of Shafilea Ahmed', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Shafilea_Ahmed', 'summary': "Shafilea Iftikhar Ahmed ( 14 July 1986 - 11 September 2003 ) was a 17-year-old British Pakistani girl from Great Sankey , Warrington , Cheshire , who was murdered by her parents in a suspected honour killing in September 2003 , due to their daughter being too Westernised . Her parents , Iftikhar and Farzana Ahmed , were each subsequently imprisoned for a minimum of 25 years for their daughter 's murder in August 2012 . The possibility of other individuals having helped Shafilea 's parents to dispose of their daughter 's body has been raised ; after the parents ' trial , the Chief Executive of the Bradford Council for Mosques encouraged anybody with information about the case to come forward with information to assist police ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Great Sankey , Warrington , Cheshire , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Great_Sankey', 'summary': 'Great Sankey is a civil parish and suburb of Warrington , Cheshire , England . It is 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) west of Warrington town centre and has a population of 24,211 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Warrington', 'summary': 'Warrington ( /ˈwɒrɪŋtən/ ) is a large town and unitary authority area in Cheshire , England , on the banks of the River Mersey . It is 20 miles ( 32 km ) east of Liverpool , and 20 miles ( 32 km ) west of Manchester . The population in 2018 was estimated at just over 209,500 , more than double that of 1968 when it became a New Town . Warrington is the largest town in the county of Cheshire . Warrington was founded by the Romans at an important crossing place on the River Mersey . A new settlement was established by the Saxons . By the Middle Ages , Warrington had emerged as a market town at the lowest bridging point of the river . A local tradition of textile and tool production dates from this time . Historically part of Lancashire , the expansion and urbanisation of Warrington coincided with the Industrial Revolution , particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century . The West Coast Main Line runs north to south through the town , and the Liverpool to Manchester railway ( the Cheshire Lines route ) west to east . The Manchester Ship Canal cuts through the south of the borough ( west to east ) . The M6 , M56 and M62 motorways form a partial box around the town .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cheshire', 'summary': "Cheshire ( /ˈtʃɛʃər , -ɪər/ CHESH-ər , -\u2060eer ; archaically the County Palatine of Chester ) is a county in North West England , bordering Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north , Derbyshire to the east , Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south , and Flintshire and Wrexham County Borough in Wales to the west . Cheshire 's county town is the City of Chester ( 118,200 ) ; the largest town is Warrington ( 209,700 ) . Other major towns include Crewe ( 71,722 ) , Runcorn ( 61,789 ) , Widnes ( 61,464 ) , Ellesmere Port ( 55,715 ) , Macclesfield ( 52,044 ) , Winsford ( 32,610 ) and Northwich ( 19,924 ) . The county covers 905 square miles ( 2,344 km2 ) and has a population of around 1 million . It is mostly rural , with a number of small towns and villages supporting the agricultural and other industries which produce Cheshire cheese , salt , chemicals and silk ."}]}, {'value': '17-year-old Shafilea Iftikhar Ahmed was murdered by her parents in an apparent honour killing', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Murder of Sally Anne Bowman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Sally_Anne_Bowman', 'summary': 'Sally Anne Bowman ( 11 September 1987 - 25 September 2005 ) was an English singer , hairdresser and model who was murdered in the early hours of 25 September 2005 in Croydon , Greater London . Bowman , aged eighteen years at the time of her death , had been robbed , raped and repeatedly stabbed . Mark Dixie , who had a history of robbery and sexual offences , was convicted of the murder and sentenced to life imprisonment with a recommended minimum of 34 years .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Croydon , South London , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Croydon', 'summary': "Croydon is a large town in south London , England , 9.4 miles ( 15.1 km ) south of Charing Cross . The principal settlement in the London Borough of Croydon , it is one of the largest commercial districts outside Central London , with an extensive shopping district and night-time economy . The entire town had a population of 192,064 as of 2011 , whilst the wider borough had a population of 384,837 . Historically part of the hundred of Wallington in the county of Surrey , at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church , a mill , and around 365 inhabitants , as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 . Croydon expanded in the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production , leather tanning and brewing . The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world 's first public railway . Later nineteenth century railway building facilitated Croydon 's growth as a commuter town for London . By the early 20th century , Croydon was an important industrial area , known for car manufacture , metal working and Croydon Airport . In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and the service economy , brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift Centre , the largest shopping centre in Greater London until 2008 . Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965 . Croydon lies on a transport corridor between central London and the south coast of England , to the north of two high gaps in the North Downs , one taken by the A23 Brighton Road and the main railway line through Purley and Merstham and the other by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange . Road traffic is diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre , mostly consisting of North End ."}, {'url': '/wiki/South_London', 'summary': 'South London is the southern part of London , England . Situated south of the River Thames , it includes the historic districts of Southwark , Lambeth , Bankside and Greenwich . South London originally emerged from Southwark , first recorded as Suthriganaweorc , meaning fort of the men of Surrey . From Southwark , London then extended further down into northern Surrey and then western Kent .'}]}, {'value': 'Sally Anne Bowman was violently murdered and raped near her home in Croydon , South London , just two weeks after her 18th birthday . Mark Dixie , who was arrested the following year following a DNA match , was found guilty of the murder in February 2008 and sentenced to life imprisonment with a recommended minimum term of 34 years', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Murder of Tom ap Rhys Pryce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Tom_ap_Rhys_Pryce', 'summary': 'Thomas Mervyn Tom ap Rhys Pryce ( 13 October 1974 - 12 January 2006 ) was a 31-year-old British lawyer who was robbed and murdered by two teenagers as he made his way home in Kensal Green , northwest London , on 12 January 2006 . The two , Donnel Carty and Delano Brown , were sentenced to life imprisonment . The crime was widely reported for the way in which Pryce was murdered , only metres from his own home , and had only his Oyster card and mobile phone taken from him , but no money ( the case being widely reported as an example of steaming ) . The murderers were later tracked down when the police examined CCTV footage of where the Oyster card was used after the murder . The crime caused a political uproar and condemnation of railway station security . The Tom ap Rhys Pryce Memorial Trust was set up after the murder , and a school was built in his honour .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kensal Green , London , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kensal_Green', 'summary': 'Kensal Green is an affluent area in north-west London , in the London boroughs of Brent and Kensington and Chelsea . The surrounding areas are Harlesden to the West , Willesden to the north , Brondesbury and Queens Park to the east and Notting Hill and White City to the south .'}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Mervyn Tom ap Rhys Pryce was a 31-year-old British lawyer who was robbed and murdered by two teenagers as he made his way home in Kensal Green , northwest London , on the evening of 12 January 2006 . The two , Donnel Carty and Delano Brown , were jailed for life later that year', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Murder of Nisha Patel-Nasri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nisha_Patel-Nasri', 'summary': "Nisha Patel-Nasri was a business owner and special constable in the Metropolitan Special Constabulary who was stabbed to death at her home in Wembley , London , on 11 May 2006 . Police described her murder as atrocious and horrendous and it was included in a list of ten prominent police deaths between 2001 and 2006 by Guardian Unlimited . Two men , heroin dealer Roger Leslie and bouncer Jason Jones , were convicted of Patel-Nasri 's murder , as was her husband , Fadi Nasri , who had organised the murder to claim her life insurance . The trio were sentenced to life imprisonment ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wembley , North London , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wembley', 'summary': 'Wembley ( /ˈwɛmbli/ ) is the principal town of the borough of Brent in north west London , England , about 8 miles ( 13 km ) west-northwest of Charing Cross . Wembley was formed a separate civil parish from 1894 and was incorporated as a municipal borough of Middlesex in 1937 . In 1965 , the area merged with the Municipal Borough of Willesden to create the London Borough of Brent , and has since formed part of Greater London . Wembley is known as the location of Wembley Stadium , the home of the England national football team and the largest stadium by capacity in the UK . The town of Wembley also includes the localities of Alperton , North Wembley , Tokyngton , Wembley Park , Sudbury , and partly Preston . The total population of the seven wards that make it up was 102,856 as of 2011 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/North_London', 'summary': "North London is an informally and inexactly defined part of London , England , which covers some of the area of the capital lying north of the River Thames . It extends from Clerkenwell and Finsbury on the edge of the City of London financial district , to Greater London 's boundary with Hertfordshire . The term north London is used to differentiate the area from South London , East London and West London . Some parts of north London are also part of Central London . There is a northern postal area but this includes some areas not normally described as part of north London , while excluding many others that are ."}]}, {'value': 'Nisha Patel-Nasri was a Metropolitan Police special constable and business owner who was stabbed to death outside her home in Wembley , north London on 11 May 2006 . Her widower Fadi Nasri , alongside Roger Leslie and Jason Jones , were subsequently found guilty of her murder in May 2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metropolitan_Special_Constabulary', 'summary': "The Metropolitan Special Constabulary ( MSC ) is the part-time volunteer police force of the Metropolitan Police Service . It is one of three Special Constabularies operating within London , the others belonging to City of London Police and British Transport Police . The service was created over 180 years ' ago under the Special Constables Act of 1831 and currently consists of 1,731 ( as of September 2019 ) officers , making it the largest in the UK . Officers have full powers and privileges of a Police Officer throughout England and Wales and are subject to the same standards of professional behavior as any officer would under the ambit of The Police ( Conduct ) Regulations 2012 . They wear the same uniform and engage in the same work as regular police officers , including foot & vehicle patrols ( whether alone , with another special constable or with a regular police officer ) , attending incidents , specific operations and the policing of major events . Special Constables are required to undertake a minimum of 200 hours of operational duties every year , spread over a minimum of 16 hours per month . However , many do more than the basic requirement ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Stabbed', 'summary': "A stabbing is penetration with a sharp or pointed object at close range . Stab connotes purposeful action , as by an assassin or murderer , but it is also possible to accidentally stab oneself or others . Stabbing differs from slashing or cutting in that the motion of the object used in a stabbing generally moves perpendicular to and directly into the victim 's body , rather than being drawn across it . Stabbings today are common among gangs and in prisons because knives are cheap , easy to acquire ( or manufacture ) , easily concealable and relatively effective . In 2013 , about 8 million stabbings occurred ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wembley', 'summary': 'Wembley ( /ˈwɛmbli/ ) is the principal town of the borough of Brent in north west London , England , about 8 miles ( 13 km ) west-northwest of Charing Cross . Wembley was formed a separate civil parish from 1894 and was incorporated as a municipal borough of Middlesex in 1937 . In 1965 , the area merged with the Municipal Borough of Willesden to create the London Borough of Brent , and has since formed part of Greater London . Wembley is known as the location of Wembley Stadium , the home of the England national football team and the largest stadium by capacity in the UK . The town of Wembley also includes the localities of Alperton , North Wembley , Tokyngton , Wembley Park , Sudbury , and partly Preston . The total population of the seven wards that make it up was 102,856 as of 2011 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/North_London', 'summary': "North London is an informally and inexactly defined part of London , England , which covers some of the area of the capital lying north of the River Thames . It extends from Clerkenwell and Finsbury on the edge of the City of London financial district , to Greater London 's boundary with Hertfordshire . The term north London is used to differentiate the area from South London , East London and West London . Some parts of north London are also part of Central London . There is a northern postal area but this includes some areas not normally described as part of north London , while excluding many others that are ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Widower', 'summary': 'A widow is a woman whose spouse has died and a widower is a man whose spouse has died . The treatment of widows and widowers around the world varies .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fadi_Nasri', 'summary': "Nisha Patel-Nasri was a business owner and special constable in the Metropolitan Special Constabulary who was stabbed to death at her home in Wembley , London , on 11 May 2006 . Police described her murder as atrocious and horrendous and it was included in a list of ten prominent police deaths between 2001 and 2006 by Guardian Unlimited . Two men , heroin dealer Roger Leslie and bouncer Jason Jones , were convicted of Patel-Nasri 's murder , as was her husband , Fadi Nasri , who had organised the murder to claim her life insurance . The trio were sentenced to life imprisonment ."}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Murder of Garry Newlove', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garry_Newlove', 'summary': 'Garry Newlove ( 5 November 1959 - 12 August 2007 ) was an English man beaten to death in August 2007 in the UK . His murder caused anger in the UK over the two offenders who had been drinking underage . Chief Constable of the Cheshire Constabulary Peter Fahy called for the legal age of buying alcohol to increase to the age of 21 as a result of the Garry Newlove murder . His widow Helen Newlove condemned the Government for failing to get to grips with youth disorder afterwards .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Warrington , Cheshire , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warrington', 'summary': 'Warrington ( /ˈwɒrɪŋtən/ ) is a large town and unitary authority area in Cheshire , England , on the banks of the River Mersey . It is 20 miles ( 32 km ) east of Liverpool , and 20 miles ( 32 km ) west of Manchester . The population in 2018 was estimated at just over 209,500 , more than double that of 1968 when it became a New Town . Warrington is the largest town in the county of Cheshire . Warrington was founded by the Romans at an important crossing place on the River Mersey . A new settlement was established by the Saxons . By the Middle Ages , Warrington had emerged as a market town at the lowest bridging point of the river . A local tradition of textile and tool production dates from this time . Historically part of Lancashire , the expansion and urbanisation of Warrington coincided with the Industrial Revolution , particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century . The West Coast Main Line runs north to south through the town , and the Liverpool to Manchester railway ( the Cheshire Lines route ) west to east . The Manchester Ship Canal cuts through the south of the borough ( west to east ) . The M6 , M56 and M62 motorways form a partial box around the town .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cheshire', 'summary': "Cheshire ( /ˈtʃɛʃər , -ɪər/ CHESH-ər , -\u2060eer ; archaically the County Palatine of Chester ) is a county in North West England , bordering Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north , Derbyshire to the east , Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south , and Flintshire and Wrexham County Borough in Wales to the west . Cheshire 's county town is the City of Chester ( 118,200 ) ; the largest town is Warrington ( 209,700 ) . Other major towns include Crewe ( 71,722 ) , Runcorn ( 61,789 ) , Widnes ( 61,464 ) , Ellesmere Port ( 55,715 ) , Macclesfield ( 52,044 ) , Winsford ( 32,610 ) and Northwich ( 19,924 ) . The county covers 905 square miles ( 2,344 km2 ) and has a population of around 1 million . It is mostly rural , with a number of small towns and villages supporting the agricultural and other industries which produce Cheshire cheese , salt , chemicals and silk ."}]}, {'value': 'A 47-year-old sales manager , Newlove died after being beaten outside his Warrington home by a group of teenagers who were under the influence of alcohol . Former Chief Constable Peter Fahy called for the legal age of buying alcohol to increase to the age of 21 as a result of his murder . His widow Helen Newlove condemned the Government for failing to get to grips with youth disorder afterwards . Newlove had gone outside to confront a gang of youths who were vandalising his car . He died in hospital two days later . Three teenagers were found guilty of the murder and received life sentences with minimum terms of between 12 and 17 years in February 2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warrington', 'summary': 'Warrington ( /ˈwɒrɪŋtən/ ) is a large town and unitary authority area in Cheshire , England , on the banks of the River Mersey . It is 20 miles ( 32 km ) east of Liverpool , and 20 miles ( 32 km ) west of Manchester . The population in 2018 was estimated at just over 209,500 , more than double that of 1968 when it became a New Town . Warrington is the largest town in the county of Cheshire . Warrington was founded by the Romans at an important crossing place on the River Mersey . A new settlement was established by the Saxons . By the Middle Ages , Warrington had emerged as a market town at the lowest bridging point of the river . A local tradition of textile and tool production dates from this time . Historically part of Lancashire , the expansion and urbanisation of Warrington coincided with the Industrial Revolution , particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century . The West Coast Main Line runs north to south through the town , and the Liverpool to Manchester railway ( the Cheshire Lines route ) west to east . The Manchester Ship Canal cuts through the south of the borough ( west to east ) . The M6 , M56 and M62 motorways form a partial box around the town .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Peter_Fahy', 'summary': "Sir Peter Martin Fahy QPM ( born 18 January 1959 in London , England ) is a retired senior British police officer . He was the Chief Constable of Greater Manchester Police ( GMP ) , the United Kingdom 's third largest police force . He retired from the police force on 23 October 2015 after serving for 34 years ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Helen_Newlove', 'summary': "Helen Margaret Newlove , Baroness Newlove ( born 28 December 1961 ) is a Warrington-based community reform campaigner who was appointed as the Victims ' Commissioner by the UK government in 2012 . Helen Newlove came to prominence after her husband , Garry Newlove was murdered by three youths in 2007 . After his death she set up a number of foundations that aimed to tackle the UK drinking culture as well as providing support to young people . Newlove was given a peerage in the 2010 Dissolution Honours list and sits in the House of Lords as a Conservative ."}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The murder of Sophie Lancaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Sophie_Lancaster', 'summary': "The murder of Sophie Lancaster occurred in England in August 2007 . The victim and her boyfriend , Robert Maltby , were attacked by a number of teenage boys while walking through Stubbylee Park in Bacup , Rossendale , Lancashire , on 11 August 2007 . As a result of the severe head injuries Lancaster sustained in the attack , she went into a coma from which she never regained consciousness and died of her injuries thirteen days later . The police said the attack may have been linked to the couple wearing gothic fashion and being members of the goth subculture . Five teenage boys were later arrested and charged with murder . Two of them were convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment . The other three were convicted and jailed for grievous bodily harm . A memorial fund was established in Lancaster 's name , and numerous events have paid tribute to her locally , nationally and internationally . Plays , films , art and books have covered the issues surrounding the murder ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bacup , Rossendale , Lancashire , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bacup', 'summary': "Bacup ( /ˈbeɪkəp/ BAY-kəp ) is a town in Lancashire , England , in the South Pennines close to Lancashire 's boundary with West Yorkshire . The town is in the Rossendale Valley and the upper Irwell Valley , 3.5 miles ( 5.6 km ) east of Rawtenstall , 6.4 miles ( 10.3 km ) north of Rochdale , and 7 miles ( 11 km ) south of Burnley . At the 2011 Census , Bacup had a population of 13,323 . Bacup emerged as a settlement following the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the Early Middle Ages . For centuries , it was a small and obscure centre of domestic flannel and woollen cloth production , and many of the original weavers ' cottages survive today as listed buildings . Following the Industrial Revolution , Bacup became a mill town , growing up around the now covered over bridge crossing the River Irwell and the North-South / East-West crossroad at its centre . During that time its landscape became dominated by distinctive and large rectangular woollen and cotton mills . Bacup received a charter of incorporation in 1882 , giving it municipal borough status and its own elected town government , consisting of a mayor , aldermen and councillors to oversee local affairs . In the late 20th century , Bacup became part of the borough of Rossendale . Bacup 's historic character , culture and festivities have encouraged the town 's suburbanisation and redevelopment as a more cosmopolitan commuter town for Manchester and other North West towns and cities , whilst English Heritage has proclaimed Bacup as the best preserved cotton town in England , and its town centre is designated as a protected area for its special architectural qualities ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rossendale', 'summary': 'The Rossendale Valley also known as the Valley of Rossendale , is situated in the Rossendale area of Lancashire , England , between the West Pennine Moors and the main range of the Pennines . The area includes the steep-sided valleys of the River Irwell and its tributaries ( between Rawtenstall and Bacup ) , which flow southwards into Greater Manchester . The rivers cut through the moorland of the Rossendale Hills , generally characterized by open unwooded land , despite the ancient designation of forest . The Valley is part of the Rossendale and Darwen constituency . Jake Berry has been the Member of Parliament for Rossendale and Darwen since 2010 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lancashire', 'summary': 'Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ LANG-kə-shər , /-ʃɪər/ -\u2060sheer ; abbreviated Lancs . ) is a ceremonial county in North West England . The administrative centre is Preston . The county has a population of 1,449,300 and an area of 1,189 square miles ( 3,080 km2 ) . People from Lancashire are known as Lancastrians . The history of Lancashire begins with its founding in the 12th century . In the Domesday Book of 1086 , some of its lands were treated as part of Yorkshire . The land that lay between the Ribble and Mersey , Inter Ripam et Mersam , was included in the returns for Cheshire . When its boundaries were established , it bordered Cumberland , Westmorland , Yorkshire , and Cheshire . Lancashire emerged as a major commercial and industrial region during the Industrial Revolution . Liverpool and Manchester grew into its largest cities , with economies built around the docks and the cotton mills respectively . These cities dominated global trade and the birth of modern industrial capitalism .'}]}, {'value': 'Sophie Lancaster was the victim of a brutal attack along with her boyfriend , Robert Maltby , while walking through Stubbylee Park in the Bacup area of Rossendale , Lancashire . She later died in hospital as a result of her injuries . The police said the attack may have been provoked by the couple wearing gothic fashion and being members of the goth subculture . Two teenagers were later sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bacup', 'summary': "Bacup ( /ˈbeɪkəp/ BAY-kəp ) is a town in Lancashire , England , in the South Pennines close to Lancashire 's boundary with West Yorkshire . The town is in the Rossendale Valley and the upper Irwell Valley , 3.5 miles ( 5.6 km ) east of Rawtenstall , 6.4 miles ( 10.3 km ) north of Rochdale , and 7 miles ( 11 km ) south of Burnley . At the 2011 Census , Bacup had a population of 13,323 . Bacup emerged as a settlement following the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the Early Middle Ages . For centuries , it was a small and obscure centre of domestic flannel and woollen cloth production , and many of the original weavers ' cottages survive today as listed buildings . Following the Industrial Revolution , Bacup became a mill town , growing up around the now covered over bridge crossing the River Irwell and the North-South / East-West crossroad at its centre . During that time its landscape became dominated by distinctive and large rectangular woollen and cotton mills . Bacup received a charter of incorporation in 1882 , giving it municipal borough status and its own elected town government , consisting of a mayor , aldermen and councillors to oversee local affairs . In the late 20th century , Bacup became part of the borough of Rossendale . Bacup 's historic character , culture and festivities have encouraged the town 's suburbanisation and redevelopment as a more cosmopolitan commuter town for Manchester and other North West towns and cities , whilst English Heritage has proclaimed Bacup as the best preserved cotton town in England , and its town centre is designated as a protected area for its special architectural qualities ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rossendale', 'summary': 'The Rossendale Valley also known as the Valley of Rossendale , is situated in the Rossendale area of Lancashire , England , between the West Pennine Moors and the main range of the Pennines . The area includes the steep-sided valleys of the River Irwell and its tributaries ( between Rawtenstall and Bacup ) , which flow southwards into Greater Manchester . The rivers cut through the moorland of the Rossendale Hills , generally characterized by open unwooded land , despite the ancient designation of forest . The Valley is part of the Rossendale and Darwen constituency . Jake Berry has been the Member of Parliament for Rossendale and Darwen since 2010 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lancashire', 'summary': 'Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ LANG-kə-shər , /-ʃɪər/ -\u2060sheer ; abbreviated Lancs . ) is a ceremonial county in North West England . The administrative centre is Preston . The county has a population of 1,449,300 and an area of 1,189 square miles ( 3,080 km2 ) . People from Lancashire are known as Lancastrians . The history of Lancashire begins with its founding in the 12th century . In the Domesday Book of 1086 , some of its lands were treated as part of Yorkshire . The land that lay between the Ribble and Mersey , Inter Ripam et Mersam , was included in the returns for Cheshire . When its boundaries were established , it bordered Cumberland , Westmorland , Yorkshire , and Cheshire . Lancashire emerged as a major commercial and industrial region during the Industrial Revolution . Liverpool and Manchester grew into its largest cities , with economies built around the docks and the cotton mills respectively . These cities dominated global trade and the birth of modern industrial capitalism .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Cross double murder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Cross_double_murder', 'summary': 'The New Cross double murder occurred on 29 June 2008 , when two French research students , Laurent Bonomo and Gabriel Ferez , were murdered in Sterling Gardens , New Cross , London Borough of Lewisham in South East London , United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sterling Gardens , New Cross in South East London , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Cross', 'summary': "New Cross is an area of south east London , England , 4.5 miles ( 7.2 km ) south-east of Charing Cross in the London Borough of Lewisham and the SE14 postcode district . New Cross is near St Johns , Telegraph Hill , Nunhead , Peckham , Brockley , Deptford and Greenwich , and home to Goldsmiths , University of London , Haberdashers ' Aske 's Hatcham College and Addey and Stanhope School . New Cross Gate , on the west of New Cross , is named after the New Cross tollgate , established in 1718 by the New Cross Turnpike Trust . It is the location of New Cross station and New Cross Gate station . New Cross Gate corresponds to the manor and district formerly known as Hatcham ."}, {'url': '/wiki/South_East_(London_sub_region)', 'summary': 'Greater London is divided into five sub-regions for the purposes of the London Plan . The boundaries of these areas were amended in 2008 and 2011 and their role in the implementation of the London Plan has varied with each iteration .'}]}, {'value': 'Two French research students , Laurent Bonomo and Gabriel Ferez , were murdered in Sterling Gardens , New Cross in South East London . The victims , who were apparently playing computer games when attacked , were bound and stabbed more than 240 times . Dano Sonnex and Nigel Farmer were later found guilty of the murders and jailed for life', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Laurent_Bonomo', 'summary': 'The New Cross double murder occurred on 29 June 2008 , when two French research students , Laurent Bonomo and Gabriel Ferez , were murdered in Sterling Gardens , New Cross , London Borough of Lewisham in South East London , United Kingdom .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gabriel_Ferez', 'summary': 'The New Cross double murder occurred on 29 June 2008 , when two French research students , Laurent Bonomo and Gabriel Ferez , were murdered in Sterling Gardens , New Cross , London Borough of Lewisham in South East London , United Kingdom .'}, {'url': '/wiki/New_Cross', 'summary': "New Cross is an area of south east London , England , 4.5 miles ( 7.2 km ) south-east of Charing Cross in the London Borough of Lewisham and the SE14 postcode district . New Cross is near St Johns , Telegraph Hill , Nunhead , Peckham , Brockley , Deptford and Greenwich , and home to Goldsmiths , University of London , Haberdashers ' Aske 's Hatcham College and Addey and Stanhope School . New Cross Gate , on the west of New Cross , is named after the New Cross tollgate , established in 1718 by the New Cross Turnpike Trust . It is the location of New Cross station and New Cross Gate station . New Cross Gate corresponds to the manor and district formerly known as Hatcham ."}, {'url': '/wiki/South_East_(London_sub_region)', 'summary': 'Greater London is divided into five sub-regions for the purposes of the London Plan . The boundaries of these areas were amended in 2008 and 2011 and their role in the implementation of the London Plan has varied with each iteration .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dano_Sonnex', 'summary': 'The New Cross double murder occurred on 29 June 2008 , when two French research students , Laurent Bonomo and Gabriel Ferez , were murdered in Sterling Gardens , New Cross , London Borough of Lewisham in South East London , United Kingdom .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nigel_Farmer', 'summary': 'The New Cross double murder occurred on 29 June 2008 , when two French research students , Laurent Bonomo and Gabriel Ferez , were murdered in Sterling Gardens , New Cross , London Borough of Lewisham in South East London , United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010 Northumbria Police manhunt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_Northumbria_Police_manhunt', 'summary': 'A major police operation took place in July 2010 in Tyne and Wear and Northumberland , England , during which armed police officers under the command of the Northumbria Police force were deployed to apprehend Raoul Moat , a 37-year-old man from Newcastle upon Tyne who was on the run after shooting three people in two days . His victims were ex-girlfriend Samantha Stobbart , her new partner Chris Brown , and police officer David Rathband . Stobbart was hospitalised and Brown was killed , while Rathband remained in hospital for nearly three weeks and was permanently blinded . Moat , who had recently been released from Durham Prison , shot the three with a sawn-off shotgun , two days after his release . After six days on the run , Moat was recognised by police and contained in the open , leading to a standoff . After nearly six hours of negotiation , Moat was shot with an experimental taser shotgun firing electrified rounds which was ineffective . Moat then shot himself in the head ; he was later pronounced dead at Newcastle General Hospital . Following an inquest , it was ruled by a jury that his death was a suicide and Northumbria Police were found to have been at no fault . The operation took place across the entire Northumbria Police area , which covers both the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear and the county of Northumberland . The manhunt began after the shootings of Stobbart and Brown in the early hours of 3 July 2010 in Birtley . Nearly 22 hours later , the shooting of traffic police officer Rathband , parked in East Denton , was linked to Moat . Moat was believed to have a grudge against the police after Stobbart had lied to Moat about being in a relationship with a police officer .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northumberland , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northumberland', 'summary': 'Northumberland ( /nɔːrˈθʌmbərlənd/ ) is a unitary authority and historic county in North East England . The northernmost county of England , the unitary authority borders Cumbria to the west , County Durham and Tyne and Wear to the south and the Scottish Borders to the north . To the east is the North Sea coastline with a path 103 kilometres ( 64 mi ) long . The county town is Alnwick , although the county council is based in Morpeth . The county of Northumberland included Newcastle upon Tyne until 1400 , when the city became a county of itself . Northumberland expanded greatly in the Tudor period , annexing Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1482 , Tynedale in 1495 , Tynemouth in 1536 , Redesdale around 1542 and Hexhamshire in 1572 . Islandshire , Bedlingtonshire and Norhamshire were incorporated into Northumberland in 1844 . Tynemouth and other settlements in North Tyneside were transferred to Tyne and Wear in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 . Lying on the Anglo-Scottish border , Northumberland has been the site of a number of battles . The county is noted for its undeveloped landscape of high moorland , now largely protected as the Northumberland National Park . Northumberland is the least densely populated county in England , with only 62 people per square kilometre .'}]}, {'value': 'Raoul Moat , armed with a sawn-off shotgun , shot three people , his ex-girlfriend Samantha Stobbart , her new partner Chris Brown , and police officer David Rathband , two days after his release from prison : Brown died , Stobbart was badly injured and Rathband left blinded . After six days on the run , Moat shot himself dead after a six hour standoff with police . Rathband later committed suicide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sawed-off_shotgun', 'summary': 'A sawed-off shotgun also called a sawn-off shotgun and a short-barreled shotgun , is a type of shotgun with a shorter gun barrel - typically under 18 inches - and often a shortened or absent stock . Despite the colloquial term , barrels do not , strictly speaking , have to be shortened with a saw . Barrels can be manufactured at shorter lengths as an alternative to traditional , longer barrels . This makes them easier to transport due to their smaller profile and lighter weight . The design also makes the weapon easy to maneuver in cramped spaces , a feature sought by military close quarters combat units , law enforcement SWAT team users , and home defense purposes . As a result of the shorter barrel length , any sawed-off shotgun with a magazine tube will have its capacity reduced . In the 1930s , the United States , Britain and Canada mandated that a permit be required to own these firearms . They are subject to legal restrictions depending upon jurisdiction . They are used by military forces and police agencies worldwide .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Murder of Joanna Yeates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Joanna_Yeates', 'summary': "Joanna Clare Yeates ( 19 April 1985 - 17 December 2010 ) was a landscape architect from Hampshire , England , who went missing on 17 December 2010 in Bristol after an evening out with colleagues . Following a highly publicised appeal for information on her whereabouts and intensive police enquiries , her body was discovered on 25 December 2010 in Failand , North Somerset . A post-mortem examination determined that she had been strangled . The murder inquiry , codenamed Operation Braid , was one of the largest police investigations ever undertaken in the Bristol area . The case dominated news coverage in the United Kingdom around the Christmas period as Yeates 's family sought assistance from the public through social networking services and press conferences . Rewards amounting to £60,000 were offered for information leading to those responsible for Yeates 's death . The police initially suspected and arrested Christopher Jefferies , Yeates 's landlord , who lived in a flat in the same building . He was subsequently released without charge . Vincent Tabak , a 32-year-old Dutch engineer and neighbour of Yeates , was arrested on 20 January 2011 . Media attention at the time centred on the filming of a re-enactment of her disappearance for the BBC 's programme , Crimewatch . After two days of questioning , Tabak was charged on 22 January 2011 with Yeates 's murder . On 5 May 2011 , he pleaded guilty to Yeates 's manslaughter , but denied murdering her ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bristol , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bristol', 'summary': 'Bristol ( /ˈbrɪstəl/ ( listen ) ) is a city and county in South West England with a population of 463,400 . The wider district has the 10th-largest population in England . The urban area population of 724,000 is the 8th-largest in the UK . The city borders North Somerset and South Gloucestershire , with the cities of Bath and Gloucester to the south-east and north-east , respectively . South Wales lies across the Severn estuary . Iron Age hill forts and Roman villas were built near the confluence of the rivers Frome and Avon , and around the beginning of the 11th century , the settlement was known as Brycgstow ( Old English the place at the bridge ) . Bristol received a royal charter in 1155 and was historically divided between Gloucestershire and Somerset until 1373 when it became a county of itself . From the 13th to the 18th century , Bristol was among the top three English cities , after London , in tax receipts . Bristol was surpassed by the rapid rise of Birmingham , Manchester and Liverpool in the Industrial Revolution . Bristol was a starting place for early voyages of exploration to the New World . On a ship out of Bristol in 1497 John Cabot , a Venetian , became the first European since the Vikings to land on mainland North America . In 1499 William Weston , a Bristol merchant , was the first Englishman to lead an exploration to North America .'}]}, {'value': "Yeates went missing in December 2010 after an evening out with colleagues . Following intensive police enquiries , her body was discovered on Christmas Day 2010 in Failand , North Somerset . She had been strangled . The case dominated UK news coverage . The police initially arrested Yeates 's landlord but Vincent Tabak , a 32-year-old Dutch neighbour of Yeates , was arrested in January 2011 . He admitted manslaughter but this plea was rejected by the prosecution and the jury found him guilty of murder in October 2011 and he was jailed for life", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Murder of Gemma McCluskie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gemma_McCluskie', 'summary': "Gemma Rose Veronica McCluskie ( 5 February 1983 - 1 March 2012 ) was a British television actress . Her most notable role was in the BBC soap opera EastEnders , in which she played the semi-regular character Kerry Skinner . In March 2012 , McCluskie disappeared from her home in East London ; a few days later , her dismembered body was discovered in the Regent 's Canal . Her brother , Tony McCluskie , was found guilty of her murder ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Regent 's Canal , Hackney , London , England", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Regent's_Canal", 'summary': "Regent 's Canal is a canal across an area just north of central London , England . It provides a link from the Paddington Arm of the Grand Union Canal , 550 yards ( 500 m ) north-west of Paddington Basin in the west , to the Limehouse Basin and the River Thames in east London . The canal is 8.6 miles ( 13.8 km ) long ."}, {'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hackney', 'summary': 'The London Borough of Hackney ( /ˈhækni/ ( listen ) HAK-nee ) is a London borough in Inner London . The historical and administrative heart of Hackney is Mare Street , which lies 5 miles ( 8 km ) north-east of Charing Cross . The borough is named after Hackney , its principal district . Southern and eastern parts of the borough are popularly regarded as being part of east London , with the northwest belonging to north London . The London Plan issued by the Greater London Authority assigns whole boroughs to sub-regions for statutory monitoring , engagement and resource allocation purposes . The most recent ( 2011 ) iteration of this plan assigns Hackney to the East sub-region , while the 2008 and 2004 versions assigned the borough to North and East sub-regions respectively . The modern borough was formed 1965 by the merger of the Metropolitan Borough of Hackney with the much smaller Metropolitan Boroughs of Stoke Newington and Shoreditch . Hackney is bounded by Islington to the west , Haringey to the north , Waltham Forest to the north-east , Newham to the east , Tower Hamlets to the south-east and the City of London to the south-west . Hackney was one of the host boroughs of the London Olympics in 2012 , with several of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park venues falling within its boundaries .'}]}, {'value': "McCluskie , an actress whose credits had included a minor role in EastEnders , went missing from her East London flat , where she lived with her brother Tony , on 1 March 2012 . The headless torso of a woman was recovered from Regent 's Canal in Hackney on 6 March , and was later identified as McCluskie . Her head was subsequently found that September . On 28 September 2012 , Tony McCluskie pled guilty to his sister 's manslaughter . However , he was later convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EastEnders', 'summary': "EastEnders is a British soap opera created by Julia Smith and Tony Holland which has been broadcast on BBC One since 1985 . Set in Albert Square in the East End of London in the fictional Borough of Walford , the programme follows the stories of local residents and their families as they go about their daily lives . Initially there were two 30-minute episodes per week , later increasing to three , but since 2001 , episodes have been broadcast every weekday and only on special occasions on Wednesdays . Within eight months of the show 's launch , it reached the number one spot in BARB 's TV ratings and has consistently remained among the top rated series in Britain . In 2013 , the average audience share for an episode was around 30 per cent . Today , EastEnders remains a significant programme in terms of the BBC 's success and audience share , and also in the history of British television drama , tackling many dilemmas that are considered to be controversial and taboo issues in British culture and social life previously unseen on UK mainstream television . As of September 2019 [ update ] , EastEnders has won ten BAFTA Awards and the Inside Soap Award for Best Soap for 14 years running ( from 1997 to 2012 ) , as well as twelve National Television Awards for Most Popular Serial Drama and 11 awards for Best British Soap at the British Soap Awards . It has also won 13 TV Quick and TV Choice Awards for Best Soap , six TRIC Awards for Soap of The Year , four Royal Television Society Awards for Best Continuing Drama and has been inducted into the Rose d'Or Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Murder of Lee Rigby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Lee_Rigby', 'summary': "On the afternoon of 22 May 2013 , a British Army soldier , Fusilier Lee Rigby of the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers , was attacked and killed by Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale near the Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich , southeast London . Rigby was off duty and walking along Wellington Street when he was attacked . Adebolajo and Adebowale ran him down with a car , then used knives and a cleaver to stab and hack him to death . The men dragged Rigby 's body into the road and remained at the scene until police arrived . They told passers-by that they had killed a soldier to avenge the killing of Muslims by the British armed forces . Unarmed police arrived at the scene nine minutes after an emergency call was received and set up a cordon . Armed police officers arrived five minutes later . The assailants , armed with a cleaver and brandishing a gun , charged at the police , who fired shots that wounded them both . They were apprehended and taken to separate hospitals . Adebolajo and Adebowale are British of Nigerian descent , were raised as Christians , and converted to Islam . On 19 December 2013 , both of the attackers were found guilty of Rigby 's murder . On 26 February 2014 , they were sentenced to life imprisonment , with Adebolajo given a whole life order and Adebowale ordered to serve at least 45 years ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Woolwich , London , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Woolwich', 'summary': "Woolwich ( /ˈwʊlɪtʃ , -ɪdʒ/ ) is a district of southeast London , England , within the Royal Borough of Greenwich . It has been part of the London metropolitan area since the 19th century . In 1965 , most of the former Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich became part of Greenwich Borough , of which it remains the administrative centre . The population of Woolwich ( including its localities Plumstead and Shooter 's Hill ) was 84,959 in the 2011 census . The town is a river crossing point , with the Woolwich Ferry and the Woolwich foot tunnel crossing to North Woolwich in the London Docklands . Throughout the 17th , 18th , 19th and most of the 20th century , Woolwich was an important naval , military and industrial town . After several decades of economic hardship and social deprivation , large-scale urban renewal projects have turned its fortunes around . It is expected that the town , identified in the London Plan as opportunity area , will evolve from major centre to metropolitan centre within Greater London in the next few decades ."}, {'url': '/wiki/London', 'summary': "London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city ."}, {'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': "On the afternoon of 22 May 2013 , a British Army soldier , Drummer ( Fusilier ) Lee Rigby of the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers , was attacked and killed by Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale near the Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich , southeast London . Rigby was off duty and walking along Wellington Street when he was attacked by the two men , who ran him down with a car , then used knives and a cleaver to stab and hack him to death . Both are British of Nigerian descent , raised as Christians , who converted to Islam . On 19 December 2013 , both men were found guilty of Rigby 's murder and sentenced to life imprisonment the following February : Adebolajo was given a whole life order and Abebowale was ordered to serve at least 45 years in prison", 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Murder of Ann Maguire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Ann_Maguire', 'summary': 'On 28 April 2014 , 61-year-old teacher Ann Maguire ( 5 April 1953 - 28 April 2014 ) was stabbed to death while teaching a Spanish lesson at Corpus Christi Catholic College in Halton Moor , Leeds , England . The perpetrator , William Will Cornick , who was 15 years old when he committed the murder , was sentenced to life with a minimum of 20 years at Leeds Crown Court on 3 November 2014 .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leeds , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leeds', 'summary': "Leeds is the largest city in the county of West Yorkshire in Northern England , approximately 170 miles north of central London . Leeds has one of the most diverse economies of all the UK 's main employment centres and has seen the fastest rate of private-sector jobs growth of any UK city . It also has the highest ratio of private to public sector jobs of all the UK 's Core Cities , with 77% of its workforce working in the private sector . Leeds has the third-largest jobs total by local authority area , with 480,000 in employment and self-employment at the beginning of 2015 . Leeds is ranked as a High Sufficiency level city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Leeds is the cultural , financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area . Leeds is served by five universities , and has the fourth largest student population in the country and the country 's fourth largest urban economy . Leeds was a small manorial borough in the 13th century , and in the 17th and 18th centuries it became a major centre for the production and trading of wool , and in the Industrial Revolution a major mill town ; wool was still the dominant industry , but flax , engineering , iron foundries , printing , and other industries were also important . From being a market town in the valley of the River Aire in the 16th century , Leeds expanded and absorbed the surrounding villages to become a populous urban centre by the mid-20th century . It now lies within the West Yorkshire Urban Area , the United Kingdom 's fourth-most populous urban area , with a population of 2.6 million . Today , Leeds has become the largest legal and financial centre outside London with the financial and insurance services industry worth £13 billion to the city 's economy . The finance and business service sector account for 38% of total output with more than 30 national and international banks located in the city , including an office of the Bank of England ."}, {'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'The 61-year-old teacher was stabbed to death on 28 April 2014 while teaching a Spanish lesson at Corpus Christi Catholic College in Leeds . The perpetrator , William Will Cornick , who was 15 years old when he committed the murder , was jailed for life with a minimum of 20 years at Leeds Crown Court on 3 November 2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corpus_Christi_Catholic_College', 'summary': 'Corpus Christi Catholic College is a secondary school located in Halton Moor , Leeds , West Yorkshire , England . The school currently has a roll of around 900 to 1,000 pupils . Around 50% of pupils achieve 5 A-C grades at GCSE .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Leeds', 'summary': "Leeds is the largest city in the county of West Yorkshire in Northern England , approximately 170 miles north of central London . Leeds has one of the most diverse economies of all the UK 's main employment centres and has seen the fastest rate of private-sector jobs growth of any UK city . It also has the highest ratio of private to public sector jobs of all the UK 's Core Cities , with 77% of its workforce working in the private sector . Leeds has the third-largest jobs total by local authority area , with 480,000 in employment and self-employment at the beginning of 2015 . Leeds is ranked as a High Sufficiency level city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Leeds is the cultural , financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area . Leeds is served by five universities , and has the fourth largest student population in the country and the country 's fourth largest urban economy . Leeds was a small manorial borough in the 13th century , and in the 17th and 18th centuries it became a major centre for the production and trading of wool , and in the Industrial Revolution a major mill town ; wool was still the dominant industry , but flax , engineering , iron foundries , printing , and other industries were also important . From being a market town in the valley of the River Aire in the 16th century , Leeds expanded and absorbed the surrounding villages to become a populous urban centre by the mid-20th century . It now lies within the West Yorkshire Urban Area , the United Kingdom 's fourth-most populous urban area , with a population of 2.6 million . Today , Leeds has become the largest legal and financial centre outside London with the financial and insurance services industry worth £13 billion to the city 's economy . The finance and business service sector account for 38% of total output with more than 30 national and international banks located in the city , including an office of the Bank of England ."}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Murder of Lyra McKee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lyra_McKee', 'summary': 'Lyra Catherine McKee ( /ˈlɪərə məˈkiː/ 31 March 1990 - 18 April 2019 ) was a journalist from Northern Ireland who wrote for several publications about the consequences of the Troubles . She also served as an editor for Mediagazer , a news aggregator website . On 18 April 2019 , McKee was fatally shot during rioting in the Creggan area of Derry . [ note 1 ]'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Derry , Northern Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Derry', 'summary': 'Derry , officially Londonderry ( /ˈlʌndəndɛri/ ) , is the second-largest city in Northern Ireland and the fourth-largest city on the island of Ireland . The name Derry is an anglicisation of the Old Irish name Daire ( modern Irish : Doire [ ˈd̪ˠɛɾʲə ] ) meaning oak grove . In 1613 , the city was granted a Royal Charter by King James I and gained the London prefix to reflect the funding of its construction by the London guilds . While the city is more usually known colloquially as Derry , Londonderry is also commonly used and remains the legal name . The old walled city lies on the west bank of the River Foyle , which is spanned by two road bridges and one footbridge . The city now covers both banks ( Cityside on the west and Waterside on the east ) . The population of the city was 83,652 at the 2001 Census , while the Derry Urban Area had a population of 90,736 . The district administered by Derry City and Strabane District Council contains both Londonderry Port and City of Derry Airport . Derry is close to the border with County Donegal , with which it has had a close link for many centuries . The person traditionally seen as the founder of the original Derry is Saint Colmcille , a holy man from Tír Chonaill , the old name for almost all of modern County Donegal , of which the west bank of the Foyle was a part before 1610 . In 2013 , Derry was the inaugural UK City of Culture , having been awarded the title in 2010 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Northern_Ireland', 'summary': "Northern Ireland ( Irish : Tuaisceart Éireann [ ˈt̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Norlin Airlann ) is variously described as a country , province or region which is part of the United Kingdom . Located in the northeast of the island of Ireland , Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland . In 2011 , its population was 1,810,863 , constituting about 30% of the island 's total population and about 3% of the UK 's population . Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement , the Northern Ireland Assembly ( colloquially referred to as Stormont after its location ) holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters , while other areas are reserved for the British government . Northern Ireland co-operates with the Republic of Ireland in several areas , and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to put forward views and proposals with determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments . On 11 January 2020 , legislators in Northern Ireland formed a government for the first time since the Executive of the 5th Northern Ireland Assembly collapsed in January 2017 , following the Renewable Heat Incentive scandal . Northern Ireland was created in 1921 , when Ireland was partitioned between Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland by the Government of Ireland Act 1920 . Unlike Southern Ireland , which would become the Irish Free State in 1922 , the majority of Northern Ireland 's population were unionists , who wanted to remain within the United Kingdom . Most of these were the Protestant descendants of colonists from Great Britain . However , a significant minority , mostly Catholics , were nationalists who wanted a united Ireland independent of British rule . Today , the former generally see themselves as British and the latter generally see themselves as Irish , while a distinct Northern Irish or Ulster identity is claimed both by a large minority of Catholics and Protestants and by many of those who are non-aligned . For most of the 20th century , when it came into existence , Northern Ireland was marked by discrimination and hostility between these two sides in what First Minister of Northern Ireland , David Trimble , called a cold house for Catholics ."}]}, {'value': 'The 29-year-old Lyra Catherine McKee , Irish LGBT journalist and activist was shot during rioting on 18 April 2019 by the Real Irish Republican Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LGBT', 'summary': 'LGBT ( also acronymed as LGBTQ ( + ) or GLBT ) is an initialism that stands for lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender . In use since the 1990s , the term is an adaptation of the initialism LGB , which was used to replace the term gay in reference to the LGBT community beginning in the mid-to-late 1980s . Activists believed that the term gay community did not accurately represent all those to whom it referred . The initialism has become adopted into the mainstream as an umbrella term for use when labeling topics pertaining to sexuality and gender identity . For example , the LGBT Movement Advancement Project termed community centres , which have services specific to those members of the LGBT community , as LGBT community centers , in a comprehensive studies of such centres around the United States . The initialism LGBT is intended to emphasize a diversity of sexuality and gender identity-based cultures . It may be used to refer to anyone who is non-heterosexual or non-cisgender , instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian , gay , bisexual , or transgender . To recognize this inclusion , a popular variant adds the letter Q for those who identify as queer or are questioning their sexual identity ; LGBTQ has been recorded since 1996 . Those who add intersex people to LGBT groups or organizing use an extended initialism LGBTI . The two acronyms are sometimes combined to form the terms LGBTIQ or LGBT+ to encompass spectrums of sexuality and gender . Other , less common variants also exist , motivated by a desire for inclusivity , including those over twice as long which have prompted criticism .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Real_Irish_Republican_Army', 'summary': "The Real Irish Republican Army or Real IRA ( RIRA ) , also called the New IRA ( NIRA ) after a merger in 2012 , is a dissident Irish republican paramilitary group which aims to bring about a united Ireland . It formed in 1997 following a split in the Provisional IRA by dissident members , who rejected the IRA 's ceasefire that year . Like the Provisional IRA before it , the Real IRA sees itself as the only rightful successor to the original Irish Republican Army and styles itself as simply the Irish Republican Army in English or Óglaigh na hÉireann in Irish . It is an illegal organisation in the Republic of Ireland and designated as a proscribed terrorist organisation in the United Kingdom and the United States . Since its formation , the Real IRA has waged a campaign in Northern Ireland against the Police Service of Northern Ireland ( PSNI ) - formerly the Royal Ulster Constabulary ( RUC ) - and the British Army . It is the largest and most active of the dissident republican paramilitary groups operating against the British security forces . It has targeted the security forces in gun attacks and bombings , and with grenades , mortars and rockets . The organisation has also been responsible for bombings in Northern Ireland and England with the goal of causing economic harm and disruption . The most notable of these was the 1998 Omagh bombing , which killed 29 people . After that bombing the Real IRA went on ceasefire , but resumed operations again in 2000 . In March 2009 it claimed responsibility for an attack on Massereene Barracks which killed two British soldiers , the first to be killed in Northern Ireland since 1997 . The Real IRA has also been involved in vigilantism , mainly against drug dealers and organised crime gangs ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Individual murders -- 2000s', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Major_crimes_in_the_United_Kingdom_6', 'intro': 'This is a list of major crimes in the United Kingdom that received significant media coverage or led to changes in legislation. Legally each deliberate and unlawful killing of a human being is murder; there are no crimes of assassination or serial killing as such, for example.'}	null	null	What was the birth date of this English singer , hairdresser and model who was murdered in this town that had the largest shopping centre in Greater London until 2008 ?	11 September 1987
0a2d52b01eab3f5e	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Sumner_County,_Kansas', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Sumner County, Kansas', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bartlett Arboretum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bartlett_Arboretum_(Belle_Plaine,_Kansas)', 'summary': 'The Bartlett Arboretum ( 20 acres ; 8 hectares ) is a historic , nonprofit arboretum located in Belle Plaine , Kansas , United States . It is privately owned , and open to the public only upon special request . The Arboretum was established in 1910 by Dr. Walter Bartlett , a general practitioner from Belle Plaine , who purchased pastureland to create his own arboretum . In the 1930s the arboretum became an approved test site for the United States Department of Agriculture which provided plants and trees from around the world for hardiness tests . The Arboretum now contains massive cypress , oaks and champion Japanese maples . Its steward is Robin Lynn Macy , otherwise known as a founding member of the Dixie Chicks bluegrass and country music group . It was developed over many years , from relatively barren land with water only in a slough . Early in the process , Bartlett formed a dam and also built 4 islands in the slough . According to the National Park Service :'}]}, {'value': 'April 19 , 2010 ( # 10000180 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Southwest corner of Highway 55 and Line St. 37°23′33″N 97°17′06″W / 37.392386°N 97.285°W / 37.392386 ; -97.285 ( Bartlett Arboretum )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/K-55_(Kansas_highway)', 'summary': "K-55 is a 12.049-mile-long ( 19.391 km ) west-east state highway in the U.S. state of Kansas . K-55 's western terminus is at U.S. Route 81 ( US-81 ) roughly 11 miles ( 18 km ) north of Wellington and the eastern terminus is at K-15 in Udall . It passes through the town of Belle Plaine . The road 's westbound terminus is a triangle-type intersection . Just before the western terminus , the road passes under the Kansas Turnpike , although there is no intersection . Turnpike access is available at K-53 to the north and US-160 to the south near Wellington ."}]}, {'value': 'Belle Plaine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belle_Plaine,_Kansas', 'summary': 'Belle Plaine is a city in Sumner County , Kansas , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 1,681 .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buresh Archeological Site', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buresh_Archeological_Site', 'summary': 'The Buresh Archeological Site ( 14SR303 ) , near Caldwell in Sumner County , Kansas , was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in on May 14 , 1971 . The Buresh site is part of here Bluff Creek complex , defined by archaeologist Tom Witty , part of the Middle Ceramic period and possibly related to the Washita focus of Oklahoma . Witty excavated the remains of four houses here . Two houses are square , one is oval , and one is rectangular . The site yielded rounded ceramic jars and bowls , mainly tempered with sand or bone . Radiocarbon dating estimated AD 1050 as the date of the site , but the dating method was deemed unreliable .'}]}, {'value': 'May 14 , 1971 ( # 71000333 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Address restricted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caldwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caldwell,_Kansas', 'summary': 'Caldwell is a city in Sumner County , Kansas , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 1,068 .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caldwell Carnegie Library', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caldwell_Carnegie_Library_(Caldwell,_Kansas)', 'summary': 'The Caldwell Carnegie Library , located at 13 N. Osage St. in Caldwell , Kansas , was completed in 1912 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 . It is a Carnegie library designed by Wichita architect Fred G. McCune . It is a 61 by 30 feet ( 18.6 m × 9.1 m ) concrete block building with a brick veneer .'}]}, {'value': 'February 24 , 1983 ( # 83000443 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13 N. Osage St. 37°01′58″N 97°36′34″W / 37.032778°N 97.609444°W / 37.032778 ; -97.609444 ( Caldwell Carnegie Library )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caldwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caldwell,_Kansas', 'summary': 'Caldwell is a city in Sumner County , Kansas , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 1,068 .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Downtown Wellington Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Downtown_Wellington_Historic_District', 'summary': 'The Downtown Wellington Historic District , in Wellington , Kansas , is a 21 acres ( 8.5 ha ) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007 . The district follows Washington Avenue , the main business thoroughfare , and is roughly bounded by 19th St. , 4th St. , Jefferson Ave. and the alley behind the Washington Ave.-facing buildings . The listing included 65 contributing buildings .'}]}, {'value': 'June 27 , 2007 ( # 07000600 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roughly bounded by 10th St. , 4th St. , Jefferson Ave. , and the alley behind the Washington Ave. facing buildings 37°16′00″N 97°23′55″W / 37.266797°N 97.398667°W / 37.266797 ; -97.398667 ( Downtown Wellington Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wellington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington,_Kansas', 'summary': 'Wellington is a city in and the county seat of Sumner County , Kansas , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 8,172 .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Old Oxford Mill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Old_Oxford_Mill', 'summary': 'The Old Oxford Mill near Oxford , Kansas was built in 1875 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 . The mill is a three-story stone building , 40 by 30 feet ( 12.2 m × 9.1 m ) in plan . It has a steep gable roof . The listing included three contributing buildings .'}]}, {'value': 'April 26 , 1982 ( # 82002677 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northeast of Oxford 37°17′40″N 97°09′30″W / 37.294444°N 97.158333°W / 37.294444 ; -97.158333 ( Old Oxford Mill )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oxford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oxford,_Kansas', 'summary': 'Oxford is a city in Sumner County , Kansas , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 1,049 .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salter House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salter_House', 'summary': "The Salter House in Argonia , Kansas is a historic house at 220 W. Garfield St. which was built in 1884-85 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 . It is a two-story red brick house about 30 by 25 feet ( 9.1 m × 7.6 m ) in plan . It was the home of Susanna M. Salter ( 1860-1961 ) who became internationally famous in 1887 when she became the first woman mayor in the United States . The house was built by Susanna Salter 's father , Oliver Kinsey from bricks he made himself ."}]}, {'value': 'September 3 , 1971 ( # 71000332 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '220 W. Garfield St. 37°15′53″N 97°46′00″W / 37.264722°N 97.766667°W / 37.264722 ; -97.766667 ( Salter House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Argonia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argonia,_Kansas', 'summary': 'Argonia is a city in Sumner County , Kansas , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 501 .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Edwin Smith House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edwin_Smith_House_(Wellington,_Kansas)', 'summary': 'The Edwin Smith House in Wellington , Kansas was built in 1935 . Also known as the Pink House , it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 . It has a 60 feet ( 18 m ) -long facade topped by a parapet . It originally featured pink stucco . It is Spanish Eclectic in style , and unusual in its small-town Kansas setting.The house is surrounded on all sides by both the First Baptist Church of Wellington and the United Methodist Church .'}]}, {'value': 'May 19 , 2004 ( # 04000450 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '114 S. Jefferson 37°15′54″N 97°23′58″W / 37.265°N 97.399444°W / 37.265 ; -97.399444 ( Edwin Smith House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wellington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington,_Kansas', 'summary': 'Wellington is a city in and the county seat of Sumner County , Kansas , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 8,172 .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'H.F. Smith House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/H.F._Smith_House', 'summary': 'The H.F. Smith House , at 721 W. Harvey Ave. in Wellington , Kansas , is a Queen Anne-style house built in 1886 as a one-story residence . It was expanded in 1896 by builder and architect Elbert Dumond to become the two-story Queen Anne Free Classic structure that it is now . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'April 18 , 2007 ( # 07000318 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '721 W. Harvey Ave. 37°15′57″N 97°24′23″W / 37.265833°N 97.406389°W / 37.265833 ; -97.406389 ( H.F. Smith House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wellington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington,_Kansas', 'summary': 'Wellington is a city in and the county seat of Sumner County , Kansas , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 8,172 .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US Post Office-Caldwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_Post_Office-Caldwell', 'summary': 'The Caldwell United States Post Office , located at 14 N. Main St. in Caldwell , Kansas , was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 . It is Classical Revival in style and was built in 1941 . It includes a tempura mural Cowboys Driving Cattle by artist Kenneth Evett . It was listed on the National Register as US Post Office -- Caldwell .'}]}, {'value': 'October 17 , 1989 ( # 89001635 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14 N. Main St. 37°01′58″N 97°36′31″W / 37.032778°N 97.608611°W / 37.032778 ; -97.608611 ( US Post Office-Caldwell )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caldwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caldwell,_Kansas', 'summary': 'Caldwell is a city in Sumner County , Kansas , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 1,068 .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wellington Carnegie Library', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington_Carnegie_Library', 'summary': 'The Wellington Carnegie Library , located at 121 W. Seventh in Wellington , Kansas , is a Carnegie library built in c.1916 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 . It is one of 63 Carnegie libraries built in Kansas during the early 20th century . It is Classical Revival in style .'}]}, {'value': 'June 25 , 1987 ( # 87000973 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '121 W. 7th 37°16′03″N 97°23′56″W / 37.2675°N 97.398889°W / 37.2675 ; -97.398889 ( Wellington Carnegie Library )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wellington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington,_Kansas', 'summary': 'Wellington is a city in and the county seat of Sumner County , Kansas , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 8,172 .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Current listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Sumner_County,_Kansas_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Sumner County, Kansas. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Sumner County, Kansas, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. There are 10 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, and one former listing.'}	null	null	What is the date listed of the historic place that was built by Oliver Kinsey from bricks he made himself ?	# 71000332
0a2fd5b21cee5090	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1500_metres_world_record_progression', 'title': '1500 metres world record progression', 'header': ['Time', 'Athlete', 'Date', 'Place'], 'data': [{'value': '4:17.3+', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anne Smith ( GBR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anne_Smith_(middle-distance_runner)', 'summary': 'Anne Rosemary Smith ( 31 August 1941 - 9 November 1993 ) , was a sprinter and middle distance runner , who specialised in the 1500 metres and mile events . She represented Great Britain and Northern Ireland at the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games . In 1967 , Smith broke two world records in one race , running 4:17.3 for the 1500 metres and 4:37.0 for the mile . These were the first 1500 m and mile world records to be ratified by the IAAF .'}]}, {'value': '1967-06-03', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chiswick , Great Britain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chiswick', 'summary': "Chiswick ( /ˈtʃɪzɪk/ ( listen ) CHIZ-ik ) is a district of west London , England . It contains Hogarth 's House , the former residence of the 18th-century English artist William Hogarth ; Chiswick House , a neo-Palladian villa regarded as one of the finest in England ; and Fuller 's Brewery , London 's largest and oldest brewery . In a meander of the River Thames used for competitive and recreational rowing , with several rowing clubs on the river bank , the finishing post for the Boat Race is just downstream of Chiswick Bridge . Chiswick was an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex , with an agrarian and fishing economy beside the river . Having good communications with London , Chiswick became a popular country retreat and part of the suburban growth of London in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . It became the Municipal Borough of Brentford and Chiswick in 1932 and part of Greater London in 1965 , when it merged into the London Borough of Hounslow . Chiswick is an affluent area which includes Bedford Park , Grove Park , the Glebe Estate , Strand-on-the-Green and Tube stations Chiswick Park , Turnham Green and Gunnersbury , as well as the Gunnersbury Triangle local nature reserve . Chiswick Roundabout is the start of the North Circular Road ( A406 ) . At Hogarth Roundabout , the Great West Road from central London becomes the M4 motorway , providing a transport connection to Heathrow Airport and the M4 corridor . The Great Chertsey Road ( A316 ) runs south-west from the Hogarth Roundabout , becoming the M3 motorway . People who have lived in Chiswick include the poets Alexander Pope and W. B. Yeats , the Italian revolutionary Ugo Foscolo , the Impressionist painter Camille Pissarro , the novelist E. M. Forster , rock musician Pete Townshend , and stage director Peter Brook ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Great_Britain', 'summary': "Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe . With an area of 209,331 km2 ( 80,823 sq mi ) , it is the largest of the British Isles , the largest European island , and the ninth-largest island in the world . [ note 1 ] In 2011 , Great Britain had a population of about 61 million people , making it the world 's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan . The island of Ireland is situated to the west of Great Britain , and together these islands , along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands , form the British Isles archipelago . The island is dominated by a maritime climate with narrow temperature differences between seasons . England , Scotland , and Wales are mostly on Great Britain . Politically , Great Britain and Northern Ireland together constitute the United Kingdom . The term Great Britain is often used to include the whole of England , Scotland and Wales including their component adjoining islands ; and is also occasionally but contentiously applied to the UK as a whole in some contexts . A single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England ( which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales ) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union . In 1801 , Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland , forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , which was renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922 ."}]}, {'value': '4:15.6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maria Gommers ( NED )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maria_Gommers', 'summary': "Maria ( Mia ) Francisca Philomena Hoogakker-Gommers ( born 26 September 1939 ) is a retired Dutch athlete , who competed mainly in the 800 metres . She was the second female world record-holder over 1500 metres in October 1967 at Sittard ( The Netherlands ) , breaking the record of Anne Smith , who set the record in June of that year , by almost two seconds . Gommers competed for The Netherlands in the 1968 Olympics held in Mexico City , Mexico in the 800 metres , where she won the bronze medal . On 14 June 1969 she also broke Smith 's world record on the mile in an event in Leicester . At the 1969 European Championships in Athletics in Athens on 20 September 1969 , she ran below Paola Pigni 's new 1500 m record , but was beaten to the finish by Jaroslava Jehlickova . In 1969 she was chosen the Dutch female sportsperson of the year ."}]}, {'value': '1967-10-24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sittard , Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sittard', 'summary': 'Sittard ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈsɪtɑrt ] ; Limburgish : Zitterd ) is a city in the Netherlands , situated in the southernmost province of Limburg . The town is part of the municipality of Sittard-Geleen and has almost 37.500 inhabitants in 2016 . In its east , Sittard borders the German municipality of Selfkant ( in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia ) . The city centre is located at 45 m above sea level .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': '4:12.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paola Pigni ( ITA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paola_Pigni', 'summary': 'Paola Pigni , married Cacchi ( born 30 December 1945 ) is a former athlete from Italy , who mainly competed in the middle-distance running and cross country running . On July 2 , 1969 in Milan , Italy , she set a new 1500 m world record of 4:12.4 . She won three gold medals at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships ( included one before it was set up , in the 1970 at the International Cross Country Championships ) .'}]}, {'value': '1969-07-02', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Milan , Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Milan', 'summary': "Milan ( /mɪˈlæn/ , US also /mɪˈlɑːn/ , Italian : Milano [ miˈlaːno ] ( listen ) , Milanese : [ miˈlãː ] ( listen ) ) is a city in northern Italy , capital of Lombardy , and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome . Milan served as the capital of the Western Roman Empire , the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia . The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million while its metropolitan city has 3.23 million inhabitants . Its continuously built-up urban area , that stretches well beyond the boundaries of its administrative metropolitan city , is the fourth largest in the EU with 5.27 million inhabitants . The population within the wider Milan metropolitan area , also known as Greater Milan , is estimated at 8.2 million , making it by far the largest metropolitan area in Italy and the 4th largest in the EU . Milan is considered a leading alpha global city , with strengths in the field of the art , commerce , design , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , services , research and tourism . Its business district hosts Italy 's stock exchange ( Italian : Borsa Italiana ) , and the headquarters of national and international banks and companies . In terms of GDP , it has the second-largest economy among EU cities after Paris , and is the wealthiest among EU non-capital cities . Milan is considered part of the Blue Banana and one of the Four Motors for Europe . The city has been recognized as one of the world 's four fashion capitals thanks to several international events and fairs , including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair , which are currently among the world 's biggest in terms of revenue , visitors and growth . It hosted the Universal Exposition in 1906 and 2015 . The city hosts numerous cultural institutions , academies and universities , with 11% of the national total enrolled students ."}]}, {'value': '4:10.7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jaroslava Jehličková ( CZE )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaroslava_Jehličková', 'summary': "Jaroslava Jehličková ( born 24 March 1942 ) is a Czech former middle-distance runner for Czechoslovakia . She was the first ever international champion in the women 's 1500 metres , winning the gold at the 1969 European Athletics Championships in a world record time of 4:10.77 minutes . She competed twice at the Summer Olympic Games ( 1968 and 1972 ) . During her career , she set personal bests of 2:04.7 for the 800 metres and 4:08.39 for the 1500 m ."}]}, {'value': '1969-09-20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Athens , Greece', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athens', 'summary': "Athens ( /ˈæθɪnz/ ATH-inz ; Greek : Αθήνα , romanized : Athína [ aˈθina ] ( listen ) ; Ancient Greek : Ἀθῆναι , romanized : Athênai ( pl . ) [ atʰɛ̂ːnai̯ ] ) is the capital and largest city of Greece . Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world 's oldest cities , with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years and its earliest human presence started somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennium BC . Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus . A center for the arts , learning and philosophy , home of Plato 's Academy and Aristotle 's Lyceum , it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy , largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent , and in particular the Romans . In modern times , Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic , financial , industrial , maritime , political and cultural life in Greece . Athens is a global city and one of the biggest economic centers in southeastern Europe . It has a large financial sector , and its port Piraeus is both the largest passenger port in Europe , and the second largest in the world . The Municipality of Athens ( also City of Athens ) , which actually constitutes a small administrative unit of the entire city , had a population of 664,046 ( in 2011 ) within its official limits , and a land area of 38.96 km2 ( 15.04 sq mi ) . The urban area of Athens ( Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus ) extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits , with a population of 3,090,508 ( in 2011 ) over an area of 412 km2 ( 159 sq mi ) . According to Eurostat in 2011 , the functional urban area ( FUA ) of Athens was the 9th most populous FUA in the European Union ( the 6th most populous capital city of the EU ) , with a population of 3.8 million people . Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland and the warmest major city in Europe ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Greece', 'summary': "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ."}]}, {'value': '4:09.6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karin Burneleit ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karin_Burneleit', 'summary': 'Karin Krebs ( née Burneleit , born 18 August 1943 ) is a retired East German middle-distance runner . She won the 800 metres race at the 1968 European Indoor Games , but failed to reach the 800 m Olympic final the same year . She then focused on the 1500 m event and won it at the 1971 European Championships , setting a new world record at 4:09.6 minutes . She placed fourth at the 1972 Olympics , and her world record was broken earlier in July 1972 by the future Olympic gold medalist Lyudmila Bragina . Krebs had her last intentional success in 1974 when she won the silver medal over 1500 m at the European Indoor Championships . Domestically Krebs won the East German 800 m title in 1968 outdoors and in 1966 and 1968 indoors . She also held the national 1500 m indoor title in 1971 and 1974 . While passing the gender test at the 1968 Olympics Krebs learned that she was three-month pregnant . After the 1972 Olympics she married her teammate , long-distance runner Joachim Krebs . Their daughter Nadja ( born 1976 ) also became a runner . Krebs was a horticulturist by profession , but worked for the East German Track and Field Association . After the Unification of Germany in 1990 she became a self-employed sports and event manager .'}]}, {'value': '1971-08-15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Helsinki , Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helsinki', 'summary': "Helsinki ( /ˈhɛlsɪŋki/ HEL-sink-ee or /hɛlˈsɪŋki/ ( listen ) hel-SINK-ee , Finnish : [ ˈhelsiŋki ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Helsingfors [ hɛlsɪŋˈfɔʂː ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ helsiŋˈforsː ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Finland . Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland , it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland , and has a population of 650,058 . The city 's urban area has a population of 1,268,296 , making it by far the most populous urban area in Finland as well as the country 's most important center for politics , education , finance , culture , and research . Helsinki is located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) north of Tallinn , Estonia , 400 km ( 250 mi ) east of Stockholm , Sweden , and 300 km ( 190 mi ) west of Saint Petersburg , Russia . It has close historical ties with these three cities . Together with the cities of Espoo , Vantaa , and Kauniainen , and surrounding commuter towns , Helsinki forms the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which has a population of nearly 1.5 million . Often considered to be Finland 's only metropolis , it is the world 's northernmost metro area with over one million people as well as the northernmost capital of an EU member state . After Stockholm and Oslo , Helsinki is the third largest municipality in the Nordic countries . Swedish and Finnish are both official languages . The city is served by the international Helsinki Airport , located in the neighboring city of Vantaa , with frequent service to many destinations in Europe and Asia . Helsinki was the World Design Capital for 2012 , the venue for the 1952 Summer Olympics , and the host of the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest in 2007 . Helsinki has one of the highest urban standards of living in the world ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Finland', 'summary': "Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions ."}]}, {'value': '4:06.9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ludmila Bragina ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ludmila_Bragina', 'summary': 'Lyudmila Ivanovna Bragina ( Russian : Людмила Ивановна Брагина , born 24 July 1943 ) is a retired Russian middle distance runner . She competed for the Soviet Union in the 1500 m at the 1972 and 1976 Olympics ; she won the event in 1972 and finished fifth in 1976 . In July 1972 she set a new 1500 m world record of 4:06.9 , at the Soviet championships , and then progressively improved it in round 1 ( 4:06.47 ) , the semi-finals ( 4:05.07 } , and the final ( 4:01.38 ) , of the 1972 Olympics . The same year she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour . She also set three world records in the 3000 m : 8:53.0 in 1972 , 8:52.74 in 1974 and 8:27.12 in 1976 . At the European Championships , Bragina won four silver medals : in the 3,000 m outdoors ( 1974 ) , and in the 800 m ( 1970 ) and 1,500 m indoors ( 1971-72 ) . In 1960 Bragina started training in the high jump , and changed to running only in 1964 . She had a career-threatening bout of pneumonia in 1966 . After recovering she moved to the south of Russia , in Krasnodar , where she later worked as an athletics coach .'}]}, {'value': '1972-07-18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moscow , Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moscow', 'summary': "Moscow ( /ˈmɒskoʊ/ , in US mainly : /ˈmɒskaʊ/ ; Russian : Москва , tr . Moskva , IPA : [ mɐˈskva ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia , with approximately 12.6 million residents within the city limits , 17 million within the urban area and 20 million within the metropolitan area . Moscow is one of Russia 's federal cities . Moscow is a major political , economic , cultural , and scientific centre of Russia and Eastern Europe . It is the second-most populous city in Europe , the most populous city entirely within Europe , as well as the largest city ( by area ) on the European continent . By broader definitions , Moscow is among the world 's largest cities , being the 24th largest metropolitan area , the 16th largest urban area , and the 10th largest by population within city limits worldwide . Moscow has been ranked as the ninth most expensive city in the world and has one of the world 's largest urban economies , being ranked as an alpha global city , and is also one of the fastest growing tourist destinations in the world . Moscow is home to the third-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world , and has the highest number of billionaires of any city in Europe . Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity on the Earth . It is home to the Ostankino Tower , the tallest free standing structure in Europe ; the Federation Tower , the second-tallest skyscraper in Europe ; and the Moscow International Business Center . Moscow is the largest city on the European continent by area . Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia , it is well known for its architecture , particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil 's Cathedral in Russian architectural style with a richly decorated and multicolored facade ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Soviet_Union', 'summary': "The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas ."}]}, {'value': '4:06.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ludmila Bragina ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ludmila_Bragina', 'summary': 'Lyudmila Ivanovna Bragina ( Russian : Людмила Ивановна Брагина , born 24 July 1943 ) is a retired Russian middle distance runner . She competed for the Soviet Union in the 1500 m at the 1972 and 1976 Olympics ; she won the event in 1972 and finished fifth in 1976 . In July 1972 she set a new 1500 m world record of 4:06.9 , at the Soviet championships , and then progressively improved it in round 1 ( 4:06.47 ) , the semi-finals ( 4:05.07 } , and the final ( 4:01.38 ) , of the 1972 Olympics . The same year she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour . She also set three world records in the 3000 m : 8:53.0 in 1972 , 8:52.74 in 1974 and 8:27.12 in 1976 . At the European Championships , Bragina won four silver medals : in the 3,000 m outdoors ( 1974 ) , and in the 800 m ( 1970 ) and 1,500 m indoors ( 1971-72 ) . In 1960 Bragina started training in the high jump , and changed to running only in 1964 . She had a career-threatening bout of pneumonia in 1966 . After recovering she moved to the south of Russia , in Krasnodar , where she later worked as an athletics coach .'}]}, {'value': '1972-09-04', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Munich , Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Munich', 'summary': "Munich ( /ˈmjuːnɪk/ MEW-nik ; German : München [ ˈmʏnçn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Austro-Bavarian : Minga [ ˈmɪŋ ( ː ) ɐ ] ; Latin : Monachium ) is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria , the second most populous German federal state . With a population of around 1.5 million , it is the third-largest city in Germany , after Berlin and Hamburg , and thus the largest which does not constitute its own state , as well as the 11th-largest city in the European Union . The city 's metropolitan region is home to 6 million people . Straddling the banks of the River Isar ( a tributary of the Danube ) north of the Bavarian Alps , it is the seat of the Bavarian administrative region of Upper Bavaria , while being the most densely populated municipality in Germany ( 4,500 people per km² ) . Munich is the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialect area , after the Austrian capital of Vienna , Munich was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2006 FIFA World Cup . The city is a global centre of art , science , technology , finance , publishing , culture , innovation , education , business , and tourism and enjoys a very high standard and quality of living , reaching first in Germany and third worldwide according to the 2018 Mercer survey , and being rated the world 's most liveable city by the Monocle 's Quality of Life Survey 2018 . According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute Munich is considered an alpha-world city , as of 2015 [ update ] . Munich is a major international center of engineering , science , innovation , and research , exemplified by the presence of two research universities , a multitude of scientific institutions in the city and its surroundings , and world class technology and science museums like the Deutsches Museum and BMW Museum . Munich houses many multinational companies and its economy is based on high tech , automobiles , the service sector and creative industries , as well as IT , biotechnology , engineering and electronics among many others . The name of the city is derived from the Old/Middle High German term Munichen , meaning by the monks . It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order , who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich ; hence the monk depicted on the city 's coat of arms . Munich was first mentioned in 1158 ."}]}, {'value': '4:05.1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ludmila Bragina ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ludmila_Bragina', 'summary': 'Lyudmila Ivanovna Bragina ( Russian : Людмила Ивановна Брагина , born 24 July 1943 ) is a retired Russian middle distance runner . She competed for the Soviet Union in the 1500 m at the 1972 and 1976 Olympics ; she won the event in 1972 and finished fifth in 1976 . In July 1972 she set a new 1500 m world record of 4:06.9 , at the Soviet championships , and then progressively improved it in round 1 ( 4:06.47 ) , the semi-finals ( 4:05.07 } , and the final ( 4:01.38 ) , of the 1972 Olympics . The same year she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour . She also set three world records in the 3000 m : 8:53.0 in 1972 , 8:52.74 in 1974 and 8:27.12 in 1976 . At the European Championships , Bragina won four silver medals : in the 3,000 m outdoors ( 1974 ) , and in the 800 m ( 1970 ) and 1,500 m indoors ( 1971-72 ) . In 1960 Bragina started training in the high jump , and changed to running only in 1964 . She had a career-threatening bout of pneumonia in 1966 . After recovering she moved to the south of Russia , in Krasnodar , where she later worked as an athletics coach .'}]}, {'value': '1972-09-07', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Munich , Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Munich', 'summary': "Munich ( /ˈmjuːnɪk/ MEW-nik ; German : München [ ˈmʏnçn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Austro-Bavarian : Minga [ ˈmɪŋ ( ː ) ɐ ] ; Latin : Monachium ) is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria , the second most populous German federal state . With a population of around 1.5 million , it is the third-largest city in Germany , after Berlin and Hamburg , and thus the largest which does not constitute its own state , as well as the 11th-largest city in the European Union . The city 's metropolitan region is home to 6 million people . Straddling the banks of the River Isar ( a tributary of the Danube ) north of the Bavarian Alps , it is the seat of the Bavarian administrative region of Upper Bavaria , while being the most densely populated municipality in Germany ( 4,500 people per km² ) . Munich is the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialect area , after the Austrian capital of Vienna , Munich was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2006 FIFA World Cup . The city is a global centre of art , science , technology , finance , publishing , culture , innovation , education , business , and tourism and enjoys a very high standard and quality of living , reaching first in Germany and third worldwide according to the 2018 Mercer survey , and being rated the world 's most liveable city by the Monocle 's Quality of Life Survey 2018 . According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute Munich is considered an alpha-world city , as of 2015 [ update ] . Munich is a major international center of engineering , science , innovation , and research , exemplified by the presence of two research universities , a multitude of scientific institutions in the city and its surroundings , and world class technology and science museums like the Deutsches Museum and BMW Museum . Munich houses many multinational companies and its economy is based on high tech , automobiles , the service sector and creative industries , as well as IT , biotechnology , engineering and electronics among many others . The name of the city is derived from the Old/Middle High German term Munichen , meaning by the monks . It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order , who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich ; hence the monk depicted on the city 's coat of arms . Munich was first mentioned in 1158 ."}]}, {'value': '4:01.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ludmila Bragina ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ludmila_Bragina', 'summary': 'Lyudmila Ivanovna Bragina ( Russian : Людмила Ивановна Брагина , born 24 July 1943 ) is a retired Russian middle distance runner . She competed for the Soviet Union in the 1500 m at the 1972 and 1976 Olympics ; she won the event in 1972 and finished fifth in 1976 . In July 1972 she set a new 1500 m world record of 4:06.9 , at the Soviet championships , and then progressively improved it in round 1 ( 4:06.47 ) , the semi-finals ( 4:05.07 } , and the final ( 4:01.38 ) , of the 1972 Olympics . The same year she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour . She also set three world records in the 3000 m : 8:53.0 in 1972 , 8:52.74 in 1974 and 8:27.12 in 1976 . At the European Championships , Bragina won four silver medals : in the 3,000 m outdoors ( 1974 ) , and in the 800 m ( 1970 ) and 1,500 m indoors ( 1971-72 ) . In 1960 Bragina started training in the high jump , and changed to running only in 1964 . She had a career-threatening bout of pneumonia in 1966 . After recovering she moved to the south of Russia , in Krasnodar , where she later worked as an athletics coach .'}]}, {'value': '1972-09-09', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Munich , Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Munich', 'summary': "Munich ( /ˈmjuːnɪk/ MEW-nik ; German : München [ ˈmʏnçn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Austro-Bavarian : Minga [ ˈmɪŋ ( ː ) ɐ ] ; Latin : Monachium ) is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria , the second most populous German federal state . With a population of around 1.5 million , it is the third-largest city in Germany , after Berlin and Hamburg , and thus the largest which does not constitute its own state , as well as the 11th-largest city in the European Union . The city 's metropolitan region is home to 6 million people . Straddling the banks of the River Isar ( a tributary of the Danube ) north of the Bavarian Alps , it is the seat of the Bavarian administrative region of Upper Bavaria , while being the most densely populated municipality in Germany ( 4,500 people per km² ) . Munich is the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialect area , after the Austrian capital of Vienna , Munich was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2006 FIFA World Cup . The city is a global centre of art , science , technology , finance , publishing , culture , innovation , education , business , and tourism and enjoys a very high standard and quality of living , reaching first in Germany and third worldwide according to the 2018 Mercer survey , and being rated the world 's most liveable city by the Monocle 's Quality of Life Survey 2018 . According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute Munich is considered an alpha-world city , as of 2015 [ update ] . Munich is a major international center of engineering , science , innovation , and research , exemplified by the presence of two research universities , a multitude of scientific institutions in the city and its surroundings , and world class technology and science museums like the Deutsches Museum and BMW Museum . Munich houses many multinational companies and its economy is based on high tech , automobiles , the service sector and creative industries , as well as IT , biotechnology , engineering and electronics among many others . The name of the city is derived from the Old/Middle High German term Munichen , meaning by the monks . It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order , who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich ; hence the monk depicted on the city 's coat of arms . Munich was first mentioned in 1158 ."}]}, {'value': '3:56.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tatyana Kazankina ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tatyana_Kazankina', 'summary': "Tatyana Vasilyevna Kazankina ( Russian : Татья́на Васи́льевна Каза́нкина ; born 17 December 1951 in Petrovsk , Saratov Oblast , Russian SFSR , Soviet Union ) is a Soviet/Russian former runner who set seven world records and won a total of three gold medals at the Olympic Games . She was also awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour and the title Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR in 1976 . Kazankina competed for VSS Burevestnik . A month before the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal , Kazankina became the first woman to run 1500 m in under 4 minutes , her time of 3:56.0 beating Ludmila Bragina 's world record by 5.4 seconds . She won the 1500 m and 800 m golds in the Montreal games , setting a world record in the latter . In 1980 , she ran the 1500 m in 3:52.47 , becoming the first woman to run the distance faster than Paavo Nurmi . This stood as a world record for thirteen years and remains a European record . Her career came to an abrupt end in September 1984 when she was suspended for 18 months for refusing to undertake a drugs test after winning a 1,500m race in 3:58.63 in Paris . Apart from her sports achievements , Kazankina is known for her scientific works . She graduated from the Faculty of Economics at the Leningrad State University in 1975 . Later she defended her dissertation for the Candidate of Pedagogical Science degree at the Lesgaft Institute of Physical Education and worked as a lecturer until 1997 . She is the author of more than 20 scientific works ."}]}, {'value': '1976-06-28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Podolsk , Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Podolsk', 'summary': 'Podolsk ( Russian : Подольск , IPA : [ pɐˈdolʲsk ] ) is an industrial city , center of Podolsk Urban Okrug , Moscow Oblast , Russia , located on the Pakhra River ( a tributary of the Moskva River ) . Population : 187,961 ( 2010 Census ) ; 180,963 ( 2002 Census ) ; 209,178 ( 1989 Census ) ; 183,000 ( 1974 ) ; 129,000 ( 1959 ) ; 72,000 ( 1939 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Soviet_Union', 'summary': "The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas ."}]}, {'value': '3:55.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tatyana Kazankina ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tatyana_Kazankina', 'summary': "Tatyana Vasilyevna Kazankina ( Russian : Татья́на Васи́льевна Каза́нкина ; born 17 December 1951 in Petrovsk , Saratov Oblast , Russian SFSR , Soviet Union ) is a Soviet/Russian former runner who set seven world records and won a total of three gold medals at the Olympic Games . She was also awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour and the title Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR in 1976 . Kazankina competed for VSS Burevestnik . A month before the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal , Kazankina became the first woman to run 1500 m in under 4 minutes , her time of 3:56.0 beating Ludmila Bragina 's world record by 5.4 seconds . She won the 1500 m and 800 m golds in the Montreal games , setting a world record in the latter . In 1980 , she ran the 1500 m in 3:52.47 , becoming the first woman to run the distance faster than Paavo Nurmi . This stood as a world record for thirteen years and remains a European record . Her career came to an abrupt end in September 1984 when she was suspended for 18 months for refusing to undertake a drugs test after winning a 1,500m race in 3:58.63 in Paris . Apart from her sports achievements , Kazankina is known for her scientific works . She graduated from the Faculty of Economics at the Leningrad State University in 1975 . Later she defended her dissertation for the Candidate of Pedagogical Science degree at the Lesgaft Institute of Physical Education and worked as a lecturer until 1997 . She is the author of more than 20 scientific works ."}]}, {'value': '1980-07-06', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moscow , Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moscow', 'summary': "Moscow ( /ˈmɒskoʊ/ , in US mainly : /ˈmɒskaʊ/ ; Russian : Москва , tr . Moskva , IPA : [ mɐˈskva ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia , with approximately 12.6 million residents within the city limits , 17 million within the urban area and 20 million within the metropolitan area . Moscow is one of Russia 's federal cities . Moscow is a major political , economic , cultural , and scientific centre of Russia and Eastern Europe . It is the second-most populous city in Europe , the most populous city entirely within Europe , as well as the largest city ( by area ) on the European continent . By broader definitions , Moscow is among the world 's largest cities , being the 24th largest metropolitan area , the 16th largest urban area , and the 10th largest by population within city limits worldwide . Moscow has been ranked as the ninth most expensive city in the world and has one of the world 's largest urban economies , being ranked as an alpha global city , and is also one of the fastest growing tourist destinations in the world . Moscow is home to the third-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world , and has the highest number of billionaires of any city in Europe . Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity on the Earth . It is home to the Ostankino Tower , the tallest free standing structure in Europe ; the Federation Tower , the second-tallest skyscraper in Europe ; and the Moscow International Business Center . Moscow is the largest city on the European continent by area . Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia , it is well known for its architecture , particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil 's Cathedral in Russian architectural style with a richly decorated and multicolored facade ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Soviet_Union', 'summary': "The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas ."}]}, {'value': '3:52.47', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tatyana Kazankina ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tatyana_Kazankina', 'summary': "Tatyana Vasilyevna Kazankina ( Russian : Татья́на Васи́льевна Каза́нкина ; born 17 December 1951 in Petrovsk , Saratov Oblast , Russian SFSR , Soviet Union ) is a Soviet/Russian former runner who set seven world records and won a total of three gold medals at the Olympic Games . She was also awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour and the title Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR in 1976 . Kazankina competed for VSS Burevestnik . A month before the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal , Kazankina became the first woman to run 1500 m in under 4 minutes , her time of 3:56.0 beating Ludmila Bragina 's world record by 5.4 seconds . She won the 1500 m and 800 m golds in the Montreal games , setting a world record in the latter . In 1980 , she ran the 1500 m in 3:52.47 , becoming the first woman to run the distance faster than Paavo Nurmi . This stood as a world record for thirteen years and remains a European record . Her career came to an abrupt end in September 1984 when she was suspended for 18 months for refusing to undertake a drugs test after winning a 1,500m race in 3:58.63 in Paris . Apart from her sports achievements , Kazankina is known for her scientific works . She graduated from the Faculty of Economics at the Leningrad State University in 1975 . Later she defended her dissertation for the Candidate of Pedagogical Science degree at the Lesgaft Institute of Physical Education and worked as a lecturer until 1997 . She is the author of more than 20 scientific works ."}]}, {'value': '1980-08-03', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zurich , Switzerland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zurich', 'summary': "Zürich ( German : Zürich ; French : Zurich ; Italian : Zurigo ; Romansh : Turitg ) is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich . It is located in north-central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich . The municipality has approximately 430,000 inhabitants , the urban area ( agglomeration ) 1.315 million and the Zürich metropolitan area 1.83 million . Zürich is a hub for railways , roads , and air traffic . Both Zurich Airport and railway station are the largest and busiest in the country . Permanently settled for over 2,000 years , Zürich was founded by the Romans , who , in 15 BC , called it Turicum . However , early settlements have been found dating back more than 6,400 years ( although this only indicates human presence in the area and not the presence of a town that early ) . During the Middle Ages , Zürich gained the independent and privileged status of imperial immediacy and , in 1519 , became a primary centre of the Protestant Reformation in Europe under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli . The official language of Zürich is German , [ a ] but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect , Zürich German . Many museums and art galleries can be found in the city , including the Swiss National Museum , the Kunsthaus and newer Theater 11 in Oerlikon . Schauspielhaus Zürich is one of the most important theatres in the German-speaking world . Zürich is among the world 's largest financial centres despite having a relatively small population ."}]}, {'value': '3:50.46', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Qu Yunxia ( CHN )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Qu_Yunxia', 'summary': 'Qu Yunxia ( simplified Chinese : 曲云霞 ; traditional Chinese : 曲雲霞 ; pinyin : Qǔ Yúnxiá ; born 25 December 1972 in Dalian ) is a Chinese Olympic athlete who specialized in the 1500 metres . At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona she won a bronze medal in 1500 m. On 9 November 1993 she set the world record in the 1500 metres at 3:50.46 minutes while running in the National Games of China in Beijing . The record stood 22 years , until broken on 17 July 2015 , by Genzebe Dibaba who was the only non-Chinese athlete to seriously challenge the mark during that period . She won the 3000 metres at the 1993 World Championships in Athletics , setting what will likely be the permanent Championship Record in the event due to women switching to the 5,000 metres distance beginning in 1995 .'}]}, {'value': '1993-09-11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beijing , China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beijing', 'summary': "Beijing ( /ˌbeɪˈdʒɪŋ/ BAY-JING , /ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ/ BAY-ZHING ; Mandarin pronunciation : [ pèi.tɕíŋ ] ( listen ) ) , formerly romanized as Peking ( /ˌpiːˈkɪŋ/ PEE-KING ) , is the capital of the People 's Republic of China , the world 's third most populous city proper , and most populous capital city . The city , located in northern China , is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the central government with 16 urban , suburban , and rural districts . Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast ; together , the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China . Beijing is an important world capital and global power city , and one of the world 's leading centers for culture , diplomacy and politics , business and economy , education , language , and science and technology . A megacity , Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the nation 's cultural , educational , and political center . It is home to the headquarters of most of China 's largest state-owned companies and houses the largest number of Fortune Global 500 companies in the world , as well as the world 's four biggest financial institutions . It is also a major hub for the national highway , expressway , railway , and high-speed rail networks . The Beijing Capital International Airport has been the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic since 2010 , and , as of 2016 [ update ] , the city 's subway network is the busiest and longest in the world . Combining both modern and traditional architecture , Beijing is one of the oldest cities in the world , with a rich history dating back three millennia . As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China , Beijing has been the political center of the country for most of the past eight centuries , and was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium AD . Encyclopædia Britannica notes that few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural center of an area as immense as China . With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides , in addition to the old inner and outer city walls , Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the emperor and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital ."}]}, {'value': '3:50.07', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Genzebe Dibaba ( ETH )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Genzebe_Dibaba', 'summary': "Genzebe Dibaba Keneni ( Amharic : ገንዘቤ ዲባባ ቀነኒ ; born 8 February 1991 ) is an Ethiopian middle- and long-distance runner . She won the gold medal in the 1500 m at the Beijing World Championships and a silver medal in the 1500 meters at the 2016 Olympics . Genzebe is the current world record holder for the 1500 m ( both indoor and outdoor ) , the indoor 3000 m , the indoor 5000 m , and the indoor mile . Her 2000 m indoor women 's world 's best time is the absolute world record , as it is faster than the previous women 's outdoor mark . Genzebe was the 2012 World Indoor Champion for the 1500 m and the 2014 World Indoor Champion and World Indoor Record Holder in the 3000 m. She represented Ethiopia at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics and has competed at the World Championships in Athletics on five occasions . She was highly successful as a junior ( under-20 ) athlete , having won two junior world cross country titles and one world junior 5000 m gold medal . She was named Laureus Sportswoman of the Year for 2014 and IAAF World Athlete of the Year in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': '2015-07-17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fontvieille , Monaco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stade_Louis_II', 'summary': 'The Stade Louis II ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ stad ( ə ) lwi dø ] ) is a stadium located in the Fontvieille district of Monaco . It serves primarily as a venue for football , being the home of AS Monaco and the Monaco national football team . The stadium is most notable for its distinctive nine arches at the away end of the ground . The arena is also used for the Herculis , a track and field meet of the IAAF Diamond League . From 1998 to 2012 , the stadium hosted the annual UEFA Super Cup match .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Monaco', 'summary': "Monaco ( /ˈmɒnəkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; French pronunciation : \u200b [ mɔnako ] ) , officially the Principality of Monaco ( French : Principauté de Monaco ) , [ a ] is a sovereign city-state , country , and microstate on the French Riviera in Western Europe . France borders the country on three sides while the other side borders the Mediterranean Sea . Monaco is about 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) from the state border with Italy . Monaco has an area of 2.02 km2 ( 0.78 sq mi ) , making it the second-smallest country in the world after the Vatican . Its population as of 2018 is 38,682 . With 19,009 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 49,230/sq mi ) , it is the most densely-populated sovereign state in the world . Monaco has a land border of 5.47 km ( 3.40 mi ) , the world 's shortest coastline of approximately 3.83 km ( 2.38 mi ) ( regardless of the coastline paradox ) , and a width that varies between 1,700 and 349 m ( 5,577 and 1,145 ft ) . The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel , in the Les Révoires Ward , which is 161 metres ( 528 feet ) above sea level . Monaco 's most populous Quartier is Monte Carlo and the most populous Ward is Larvotto/Bas Moulins . Through land reclamation , Monaco 's land mass has expanded by 20 percent . In 2005 , it had an area of only 1.974 km2 ( 0.762 sq mi ) . Monaco is known to be the most expensive and the wealthiest place in the world due to its tax laws ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Women ( outdoors ) -- IAAF era', 'section_text': 'The first world record in the 1,500 m for women ( athletics ) was recognized by the International Amateur Athletics Federation , now known as the International Association of Athletics Federations , in 1967 . To June 21 , 2009 , the IAAF has ratified 13 world records in the event . [ 4 ]', 'uid': '1500_metres_world_record_progression_3', 'intro': 'The 1500-metre run became a standard racing distance in Europe in the late 19th century, perhaps as a metric version of the mile, a popular running distance since at least the 1850s in English-speaking countries. A distance of 1500 m sometimes is called the metric mile. The French had the first important races over the distance, holding their initial championship in 1888. When the Olympic games were revived in 1896, metric distances were run, including the 1500. However, most of the best milers in the world were absent, and the winning time of 4:33 1/5 by Australian Edwin Flack was almost 18 seconds slower than the amateur mile record, despite the fact the mile is 109 metres longer than the 1500 metres. The 1900 Olympics and 1904 Olympics showed improvements in times run, but it was not until the 1908 Olympics that a meeting of the top milers over the distance took place, and not until the 1912 Olympics that a true world-class race over the distance was run. The distance has now almost completely replaced the mile in major track meets.'}	null	null	How far from Tallinn is the city where the 1500 metres was run in 4:09.6 by Karin Burneleit ?	80 kilometres
0a303fce3886614a	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Virtual_Console_games_for_Wii_(North_America)', 'title': 'List of Virtual Console games for Wii (North America)', 'header': ['Title', 'Developer ( s )', 'Publisher ( s )', 'Release Date', 'ESRB'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gaplus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gaplus', 'summary': "Gaplus [ a ] is a fixed shooter arcade game that was released by Namco in 1984 as a sequel to 1981 's Galaga . In the US a modification kit was later released to change the name to Galaga 3 , possibly to increase recognition , even though there was no Galaga 2 . It was the only other game to run on Namco Phozon hardware . A contemporary home port for the Commodore 64 was released in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'Namco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Namco', 'summary': "Namco Ltd. [ a ] ( stylized as NAMCO ) [ b ] is a former Japanese developer and publisher of arcade and home console video games , originally headquartered in Ōta , Tokyo . Several international divisions were established , including Namco America in Santa Clara , California , Shanghai Namco in mainland China , and Namco Enterprises Asia in Hong Kong . Namco was founded by Masaya Nakamura as Nakamura Seisakusho [ c ] on June 1 , 1955 , beginning as a producer of coin-operated amusement rides for Japanese department store roof gardens , seeing success with making children 's rides for the Mitsukoshi chain . Renamed Nakamura Manufacturing in 1959 , the company purchased the struggling Japanese division of Atari from Nolan Bushnell in 1974 and began releasing their games in Japan , where they quickly became one of the leading game companies in Asia . The acquisition inspired Namco to produce their own video games in-house , beginning with Gee Bee in 1978 . Namco released their first major hit Galaxian a year later , followed by Pac-Man in 1980 - the latter has since become the most successful arcade game of all time and one of the highest-grossing video games of all time . In February 2005 , Namco announced they would merge with Bandai to form Bandai Namco Holdings . The merge was finalized on September 25 , creating Japan 's third-largest video game entity by revenue and the seventh largest by revenue in the world . Both operated independently under the new holdings company until March 31 , 2006 , where their video game operations were merged to form Namco Bandai Games . The original Namco name was spun-off into a new company the same day , which handled the amusement park and arcade center operations of Bandai Namco Holdings . It was renamed to Bandai Namco Amusement during a corporate restructuring on April 1 , 2018 . Namco produced several critically and commercially successful franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Tekken , Ace Combat , Dig Dug , Soulcalibur , Xevious , Ridge Racer and Tales , and was one of the world 's most prolific video game companies ."}]}, {'value': 'Bandai Namco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Entertainment', 'summary': "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ."}]}, {'value': 'March 25 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mappy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mappy', 'summary': 'Mappy [ a ] is an arcade game by Namco . First introduced in 1983 , it was distributed in the United States by Bally/Midway . Mappy is a side-scrolling platform game that features a mouse main character and cat antagonists . Mappy runs on Namco Super Pac-Man hardware , modified to support horizontal scrolling . The name Mappy is likely derived from mappō ( まっぽう ) , a Japanese ( slightly pejorative ) slang term for a policeman . The game has been re-released as part of several Namco arcade compilations ; it spawned a handful of sequels and a 2013 animated web series developed by cartoonists Scott Kurtz and Kris Straub .'}]}, {'value': 'Namco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Namco', 'summary': "Namco Ltd. [ a ] ( stylized as NAMCO ) [ b ] is a former Japanese developer and publisher of arcade and home console video games , originally headquartered in Ōta , Tokyo . Several international divisions were established , including Namco America in Santa Clara , California , Shanghai Namco in mainland China , and Namco Enterprises Asia in Hong Kong . Namco was founded by Masaya Nakamura as Nakamura Seisakusho [ c ] on June 1 , 1955 , beginning as a producer of coin-operated amusement rides for Japanese department store roof gardens , seeing success with making children 's rides for the Mitsukoshi chain . Renamed Nakamura Manufacturing in 1959 , the company purchased the struggling Japanese division of Atari from Nolan Bushnell in 1974 and began releasing their games in Japan , where they quickly became one of the leading game companies in Asia . The acquisition inspired Namco to produce their own video games in-house , beginning with Gee Bee in 1978 . Namco released their first major hit Galaxian a year later , followed by Pac-Man in 1980 - the latter has since become the most successful arcade game of all time and one of the highest-grossing video games of all time . In February 2005 , Namco announced they would merge with Bandai to form Bandai Namco Holdings . The merge was finalized on September 25 , creating Japan 's third-largest video game entity by revenue and the seventh largest by revenue in the world . Both operated independently under the new holdings company until March 31 , 2006 , where their video game operations were merged to form Namco Bandai Games . The original Namco name was spun-off into a new company the same day , which handled the amusement park and arcade center operations of Bandai Namco Holdings . It was renamed to Bandai Namco Amusement during a corporate restructuring on April 1 , 2018 . Namco produced several critically and commercially successful franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Tekken , Ace Combat , Dig Dug , Soulcalibur , Xevious , Ridge Racer and Tales , and was one of the world 's most prolific video game companies ."}]}, {'value': 'Bandai Namco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Entertainment', 'summary': "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ."}]}, {'value': 'March 25 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Star Force', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Star_Force', 'summary': 'Star Force ( スターフォース , Sutā Fōsu ) , released in North America by Video Ware in the arcades as Mega Force , is a vertically scrolling shooter released in 1984 by Tehkan .'}]}, {'value': 'Tecmo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tecmo', 'summary': 'Tecmo Co. , Ltd. ( テクモ株式会社 , Tekumo kabushikigaisha ) , was a Japanese video game corporation founded in 1967 . It had its headquarters in Kudankita , Chiyoda , Tokyo . Its subsidiary , Tecmo Inc , was located in Torrance , California . Tecmo is known for the Star Force , Dead or Alive , Ninja Gaiden , Deception , Monster Rancher , Rygar , Tecmo Bowl , Fatal Frame and Gallop Racer video game series . When it was still called Tehkan , the company released arcade games such as Bomb Jack and Tehkan World Cup . The company was founded on July 31 , 1967 as a supplier of cleaning equipment . By 1969 , it started to sell amusement equipment . In 2009 , Tecmo merged with Koei to form the holding company Tecmo Koei Holdings and was operated as a subsidiary until its disbandment in early 2010 . In April 2010 , Tecmo was dissolved and its video game franchises are now published by Koei Tecmo Games . Tecmo is also the name of a distinct video game development company that was established in March 2010 , but later folded into Koei Tecmo Games in April 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Tecmo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tecmo', 'summary': 'Tecmo Co. , Ltd. ( テクモ株式会社 , Tekumo kabushikigaisha ) , was a Japanese video game corporation founded in 1967 . It had its headquarters in Kudankita , Chiyoda , Tokyo . Its subsidiary , Tecmo Inc , was located in Torrance , California . Tecmo is known for the Star Force , Dead or Alive , Ninja Gaiden , Deception , Monster Rancher , Rygar , Tecmo Bowl , Fatal Frame and Gallop Racer video game series . When it was still called Tehkan , the company released arcade games such as Bomb Jack and Tehkan World Cup . The company was founded on July 31 , 1967 as a supplier of cleaning equipment . By 1969 , it started to sell amusement equipment . In 2009 , Tecmo merged with Koei to form the holding company Tecmo Koei Holdings and was operated as a subsidiary until its disbandment in early 2010 . In April 2010 , Tecmo was dissolved and its video game franchises are now published by Koei Tecmo Games . Tecmo is also the name of a distinct video game development company that was established in March 2010 , but later folded into Koei Tecmo Games in April 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'March 25 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Tower of Druaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Tower_of_Druaga', 'summary': 'The Tower of Druaga [ a ] is a 1984 action role-playing maze arcade game developed and published in Japan by Namco . Controlling the golden-armored knight Gilgamesh , the player is tasked with scaling 60 floors of the titular tower in an effort to rescue the maiden Ki from Druaga , a demon with eight arms and four legs , who plans to use an artifact known as the Blue Crystal Rod to enslave all of mankind . It ran on the Namco Super Pac-Man arcade hardware , modified with a horizontal-scrolling video system used in Mappy . Druaga was designed by Masanobu Endo , best known for creating Xevious ( 1983 ) . Inspired by games such as Wizardry and Dungeons & Dragons , it was conceived as a fantasy Pac-Man with combat and puzzle solving , taking inspiration from Sumerian , Mesopotamian and Babylonian mythology . It began as a prototype game called Quest with interlocking mazes , revised to run on an arcade system ; the original concept was scrapped due to Endo disliking the heavy use of role-playing elements , instead becoming a more action-oriented game . In Japan , The Tower of Druaga was widely successful , attracting millions of fans for its use of secrets and hidden items . It is cited as an important game of its genre for laying down the foundation for future games , as well as inspiring the idea of sharing tips with friends and guidebooks . Druaga is noted as being influential for many games to follow , including Ys , Hydlide , Dragon Slayer and The Legend of Zelda . In North America , the game was met with a more negative reception for its obtuse design , which many said was near-impossible to finish without a guidebook , alongside its high difficulty and controls . The success of the game in Japan inspired several ports for multiple platforms , as well as spawning a massive franchise known as the Babylonian Castle Saga , including multiple sequels , spin-offs , literature and an anime series produced by Gonzo .'}]}, {'value': 'Namco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Namco', 'summary': "Namco Ltd. [ a ] ( stylized as NAMCO ) [ b ] is a former Japanese developer and publisher of arcade and home console video games , originally headquartered in Ōta , Tokyo . Several international divisions were established , including Namco America in Santa Clara , California , Shanghai Namco in mainland China , and Namco Enterprises Asia in Hong Kong . Namco was founded by Masaya Nakamura as Nakamura Seisakusho [ c ] on June 1 , 1955 , beginning as a producer of coin-operated amusement rides for Japanese department store roof gardens , seeing success with making children 's rides for the Mitsukoshi chain . Renamed Nakamura Manufacturing in 1959 , the company purchased the struggling Japanese division of Atari from Nolan Bushnell in 1974 and began releasing their games in Japan , where they quickly became one of the leading game companies in Asia . The acquisition inspired Namco to produce their own video games in-house , beginning with Gee Bee in 1978 . Namco released their first major hit Galaxian a year later , followed by Pac-Man in 1980 - the latter has since become the most successful arcade game of all time and one of the highest-grossing video games of all time . In February 2005 , Namco announced they would merge with Bandai to form Bandai Namco Holdings . The merge was finalized on September 25 , creating Japan 's third-largest video game entity by revenue and the seventh largest by revenue in the world . Both operated independently under the new holdings company until March 31 , 2006 , where their video game operations were merged to form Namco Bandai Games . The original Namco name was spun-off into a new company the same day , which handled the amusement park and arcade center operations of Bandai Namco Holdings . It was renamed to Bandai Namco Amusement during a corporate restructuring on April 1 , 2018 . Namco produced several critically and commercially successful franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Tekken , Ace Combat , Dig Dug , Soulcalibur , Xevious , Ridge Racer and Tales , and was one of the world 's most prolific video game companies ."}]}, {'value': 'Bandai Namco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Entertainment', 'summary': "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ."}]}, {'value': 'March 25 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Space Harrier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Space_Harrier', 'summary': "Space Harrier ( Japanese : スペースハリアー , Hepburn : Supēsu Hariā ) is a third-person rail shooter developed by Sega Enterprises and released in December 1985 . Originally conceived as a realistic military-themed game played in the third-person perspective and featuring a player-controlled fighter jet , technical and memory restrictions resulted in Sega developer Yu Suzuki redesigning it around a jet-propelled human character in a fantasy setting . With an analog flight stick and a cockpit-style cabinet that tilted and rolled during play , it was advertised by Sega as a taikan ( body sensation ) arcade game . Critically praised for its innovative graphics and gameplay , Space Harrier is often ranked among Suzuki 's best works . It has made several crossover appearances in other Sega titles , while PlatinumGames director Hideki Kamiya cited it as an inspiration for his entering the video game industry . Space Harrier has been ported to over twenty different home computer and gaming platforms , either by Sega or outside developers such as Dempa in Japan and Elite Systems in North America and Europe . Two home-system sequels followed in Space Harrier 3-D and Space Harrier II ( both released in 1988 ) , and the arcade spinoff Planet Harriers ( 2000 ) . A polygon-based remake of the original game was released by Sega for the PlayStation 2 as part of their Sega Ages series in 2003 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'June 15 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tecmo Bowl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tecmo_Bowl', 'summary': "Tecmo Bowl ( Japanese : テクモボウル , Hepburn : Tekumo Bōru ) is an American football video game developed and released by Tecmo . Originally released as an arcade game in 1987 , the game featured a large dual screen cabinet and allowed up to four players to compete in a match between two fictitious teams . A port for the Nintendo Entertainment System was released in 1989 and was the first console game to include real NFL players , via a license from the NFLPA . A Game Boy version developed by Sculptured Software followed in 1991 . The NES version of the game was extremely popular , spawning various sequels , starting with 1991 's Tecmo Super Bowl . The NES game has also been cited by various media outlets as one of the best sports video games ever made . Both the NES and arcade versions have also been re-released ( sans the NFLPA license ) for various platforms , including mobile phones , the Virtual Console , the NES Classic Edition and Nintendo Switch ."}]}, {'value': 'Tecmo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tecmo', 'summary': 'Tecmo Co. , Ltd. ( テクモ株式会社 , Tekumo kabushikigaisha ) , was a Japanese video game corporation founded in 1967 . It had its headquarters in Kudankita , Chiyoda , Tokyo . Its subsidiary , Tecmo Inc , was located in Torrance , California . Tecmo is known for the Star Force , Dead or Alive , Ninja Gaiden , Deception , Monster Rancher , Rygar , Tecmo Bowl , Fatal Frame and Gallop Racer video game series . When it was still called Tehkan , the company released arcade games such as Bomb Jack and Tehkan World Cup . The company was founded on July 31 , 1967 as a supplier of cleaning equipment . By 1969 , it started to sell amusement equipment . In 2009 , Tecmo merged with Koei to form the holding company Tecmo Koei Holdings and was operated as a subsidiary until its disbandment in early 2010 . In April 2010 , Tecmo was dissolved and its video game franchises are now published by Koei Tecmo Games . Tecmo is also the name of a distinct video game development company that was established in March 2010 , but later folded into Koei Tecmo Games in April 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Tecmo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tecmo', 'summary': 'Tecmo Co. , Ltd. ( テクモ株式会社 , Tekumo kabushikigaisha ) , was a Japanese video game corporation founded in 1967 . It had its headquarters in Kudankita , Chiyoda , Tokyo . Its subsidiary , Tecmo Inc , was located in Torrance , California . Tecmo is known for the Star Force , Dead or Alive , Ninja Gaiden , Deception , Monster Rancher , Rygar , Tecmo Bowl , Fatal Frame and Gallop Racer video game series . When it was still called Tehkan , the company released arcade games such as Bomb Jack and Tehkan World Cup . The company was founded on July 31 , 1967 as a supplier of cleaning equipment . By 1969 , it started to sell amusement equipment . In 2009 , Tecmo merged with Koei to form the holding company Tecmo Koei Holdings and was operated as a subsidiary until its disbandment in early 2010 . In April 2010 , Tecmo was dissolved and its video game franchises are now published by Koei Tecmo Games . Tecmo is also the name of a distinct video game development company that was established in March 2010 , but later folded into Koei Tecmo Games in April 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'August 3 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Altered Beast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Altered_Beast', 'summary': "Altered Beast [ a ] is a 1988 beat 'em up arcade game developed and manufactured by Sega . The game is set in Ancient Greece and follows a player character resurrected by Zeus to rescue his daughter Athena from the ruler of the underworld , Neff . Through the use of power-ups , the player character can assume the form of different magical beasts . After its initial arcade release , it was ported to several home video game consoles and home computers , including the Sega Genesis , for which it was a pack-in game . The game was developed by Makoto Uchida , who developed the game as his first project as a lead developer . Uchida and his team used the System 16 arcade system board for its graphical capabilities with sprites . Altered Beast was ported numerous times in addition to its Genesis conversion , including for the Master System by Sega and to several computer systems and video game consoles by various third parties . Altered Beast 's arcade release and its various ports have all received mixed reviews . The game has been rereleased several times for various consoles and as part of video game compilations . Two sequels to the game have been developed ."}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'September 28 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E10+', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rygar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rygar', 'summary': 'Rygar is a video game created by Tecmo in 1986 and originally released for arcades in Japan as Warrior of Argus ( アルゴスの戦士 , Arugosu no Senshi ) . It is a sidescrolling platform game where the player assumes the role as the Legendary Warrior , battling through a hostile landscape . The main feature of gameplay is the use of a weapon called the Diskarmor , a shield with a long chain attached to it .'}]}, {'value': 'Tecmo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tecmo', 'summary': 'Tecmo Co. , Ltd. ( テクモ株式会社 , Tekumo kabushikigaisha ) , was a Japanese video game corporation founded in 1967 . It had its headquarters in Kudankita , Chiyoda , Tokyo . Its subsidiary , Tecmo Inc , was located in Torrance , California . Tecmo is known for the Star Force , Dead or Alive , Ninja Gaiden , Deception , Monster Rancher , Rygar , Tecmo Bowl , Fatal Frame and Gallop Racer video game series . When it was still called Tehkan , the company released arcade games such as Bomb Jack and Tehkan World Cup . The company was founded on July 31 , 1967 as a supplier of cleaning equipment . By 1969 , it started to sell amusement equipment . In 2009 , Tecmo merged with Koei to form the holding company Tecmo Koei Holdings and was operated as a subsidiary until its disbandment in early 2010 . In April 2010 , Tecmo was dissolved and its video game franchises are now published by Koei Tecmo Games . Tecmo is also the name of a distinct video game development company that was established in March 2010 , but later folded into Koei Tecmo Games in April 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Tecmo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tecmo', 'summary': 'Tecmo Co. , Ltd. ( テクモ株式会社 , Tekumo kabushikigaisha ) , was a Japanese video game corporation founded in 1967 . It had its headquarters in Kudankita , Chiyoda , Tokyo . Its subsidiary , Tecmo Inc , was located in Torrance , California . Tecmo is known for the Star Force , Dead or Alive , Ninja Gaiden , Deception , Monster Rancher , Rygar , Tecmo Bowl , Fatal Frame and Gallop Racer video game series . When it was still called Tehkan , the company released arcade games such as Bomb Jack and Tehkan World Cup . The company was founded on July 31 , 1967 as a supplier of cleaning equipment . By 1969 , it started to sell amusement equipment . In 2009 , Tecmo merged with Koei to form the holding company Tecmo Koei Holdings and was operated as a subsidiary until its disbandment in early 2010 . In April 2010 , Tecmo was dissolved and its video game franchises are now published by Koei Tecmo Games . Tecmo is also the name of a distinct video game development company that was established in March 2010 , but later folded into Koei Tecmo Games in April 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'October 19 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E10+', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Golden Axe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Golden_Axe_(video_game)', 'summary': "Golden Axe ( ゴールデンアックス , Gooruden Akkusu ) is a side-scrolling , beat 'em up , arcade video game released in 1989 by Sega for the System 16-B arcade hardware . It is the first game in the Golden Axe series . Makoto Uchida was the lead designer of the game , and also was responsible for the creation of Altered Beast . The game was ported to the Sega Genesis and Master System consoles , among many other systems ."}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'October 26 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Solomon 's Key", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Solomon's_Key", 'summary': "Solomon 's Key ( ソロモンの鍵 , Soromon no Kagi ) is a puzzle game developed by Tecmo in 1986 for an arcade release on custom hardware based on the Z80 chipset . It is better known as a 1987 port to the Commodore 64 and the Nintendo Entertainment System , although it also appeared on many other game systems of the time , like the Sega Master System in 1988 and the Famicom Disk System , released in Japan on January 25 , 1991 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tecmo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tecmo', 'summary': 'Tecmo Co. , Ltd. ( テクモ株式会社 , Tekumo kabushikigaisha ) , was a Japanese video game corporation founded in 1967 . It had its headquarters in Kudankita , Chiyoda , Tokyo . Its subsidiary , Tecmo Inc , was located in Torrance , California . Tecmo is known for the Star Force , Dead or Alive , Ninja Gaiden , Deception , Monster Rancher , Rygar , Tecmo Bowl , Fatal Frame and Gallop Racer video game series . When it was still called Tehkan , the company released arcade games such as Bomb Jack and Tehkan World Cup . The company was founded on July 31 , 1967 as a supplier of cleaning equipment . By 1969 , it started to sell amusement equipment . In 2009 , Tecmo merged with Koei to form the holding company Tecmo Koei Holdings and was operated as a subsidiary until its disbandment in early 2010 . In April 2010 , Tecmo was dissolved and its video game franchises are now published by Koei Tecmo Games . Tecmo is also the name of a distinct video game development company that was established in March 2010 , but later folded into Koei Tecmo Games in April 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Tecmo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tecmo', 'summary': 'Tecmo Co. , Ltd. ( テクモ株式会社 , Tekumo kabushikigaisha ) , was a Japanese video game corporation founded in 1967 . It had its headquarters in Kudankita , Chiyoda , Tokyo . Its subsidiary , Tecmo Inc , was located in Torrance , California . Tecmo is known for the Star Force , Dead or Alive , Ninja Gaiden , Deception , Monster Rancher , Rygar , Tecmo Bowl , Fatal Frame and Gallop Racer video game series . When it was still called Tehkan , the company released arcade games such as Bomb Jack and Tehkan World Cup . The company was founded on July 31 , 1967 as a supplier of cleaning equipment . By 1969 , it started to sell amusement equipment . In 2009 , Tecmo merged with Koei to form the holding company Tecmo Koei Holdings and was operated as a subsidiary until its disbandment in early 2010 . In April 2010 , Tecmo was dissolved and its video game franchises are now published by Koei Tecmo Games . Tecmo is also the name of a distinct video game development company that was established in March 2010 , but later folded into Koei Tecmo Games in April 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'November 30 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shinobi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shinobi_(video_game)', 'summary': 'Shinobi ( 忍 ) is a side-scrolling action game produced by Sega originally released for the arcades in 1987 . In Shinobi , the player controls a modern-day ninja named Joe Musashi who has to stop a terrorist organization named Zeed who are kidnapping the students of his clan . Shinobi was later adapted by Sega to their Master System game console , followed by licensed conversions for other platforms such as the Nintendo Entertainment System , PC Engine , and various home computers , as well as downloadable emulated versions of the original arcade game for the Wii and Xbox 360 . A port of the arcade game joined the Nintendo Switch on January 2020 through the Sega Ages series . The success of Shinobi inspired the development of various sequels and spin-offs of the Shinobi series .'}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'December 7 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E10+', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ninja Gaiden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ninja_Gaiden_(arcade)', 'summary': "Ninja Gaiden , [ a ] later released in Europe as Shadow Warriors , is a 1988 side-scrolling beat-'em-up originally released by Tecmo as a coin-operated arcade video game . It was first released in North America , and Europe in 1988 and in Japan in 1989 . The Ninja Gaiden arcade game was produced and released almost simultaneously with its home console counterpart for the Nintendo Entertainment System , although they are different games with only a few similarities . The designer of the arcade game is only credited as Strong Shima , but Masato Kato , who worked on the NES version , identified him as one Mr. Iijima . Home versions of the Ninja Gaiden arcade game were released in Europe under the Shadow Warriors title in 1990 by Ocean Software for five different computer platforms ( Amiga , Atari ST , Commodore 64 , ZX Spectrum , and Amstrad CPC ) and in North America for IBM PC by Hi-Tech Expressions . An Atari Lynx version was also released . The arcade version of Ninja Gaiden is also included as a hidden bonus game in Ninja Gaiden Black for the Xbox in 2005 . The arcade game was published as a Virtual Console game for the Nintendo Wii in 2009 , along with the Nintendo Switch on May 5th , and later May 9th on PS4 of 2019 by Hamster Corporation ."}]}, {'value': 'Tecmo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tecmo', 'summary': 'Tecmo Co. , Ltd. ( テクモ株式会社 , Tekumo kabushikigaisha ) , was a Japanese video game corporation founded in 1967 . It had its headquarters in Kudankita , Chiyoda , Tokyo . Its subsidiary , Tecmo Inc , was located in Torrance , California . Tecmo is known for the Star Force , Dead or Alive , Ninja Gaiden , Deception , Monster Rancher , Rygar , Tecmo Bowl , Fatal Frame and Gallop Racer video game series . When it was still called Tehkan , the company released arcade games such as Bomb Jack and Tehkan World Cup . The company was founded on July 31 , 1967 as a supplier of cleaning equipment . By 1969 , it started to sell amusement equipment . In 2009 , Tecmo merged with Koei to form the holding company Tecmo Koei Holdings and was operated as a subsidiary until its disbandment in early 2010 . In April 2010 , Tecmo was dissolved and its video game franchises are now published by Koei Tecmo Games . Tecmo is also the name of a distinct video game development company that was established in March 2010 , but later folded into Koei Tecmo Games in April 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Tecmo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tecmo', 'summary': 'Tecmo Co. , Ltd. ( テクモ株式会社 , Tekumo kabushikigaisha ) , was a Japanese video game corporation founded in 1967 . It had its headquarters in Kudankita , Chiyoda , Tokyo . Its subsidiary , Tecmo Inc , was located in Torrance , California . Tecmo is known for the Star Force , Dead or Alive , Ninja Gaiden , Deception , Monster Rancher , Rygar , Tecmo Bowl , Fatal Frame and Gallop Racer video game series . When it was still called Tehkan , the company released arcade games such as Bomb Jack and Tehkan World Cup . The company was founded on July 31 , 1967 as a supplier of cleaning equipment . By 1969 , it started to sell amusement equipment . In 2009 , Tecmo merged with Koei to form the holding company Tecmo Koei Holdings and was operated as a subsidiary until its disbandment in early 2010 . In April 2010 , Tecmo was dissolved and its video game franchises are now published by Koei Tecmo Games . Tecmo is also the name of a distinct video game development company that was established in March 2010 , but later folded into Koei Tecmo Games in April 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'December 21 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E10+', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zaxxon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zaxxon', 'summary': 'Zaxxon [ a ] is a 1982 isometric shooter arcade game , developed and released by Sega , in which the player pilots a ship through heavily defended space fortresses . Some sources claim that Japanese electronics company Ikegami Tsushinki also worked on the development of the game . Zaxxon was the first game to employ axonometric projection , which lent its name to the game ( AXXON from AXONometric projection ) . The type of axonometric projection is isometric projection : this effect simulates three dimensions from a third-person viewpoint . It was also the first arcade game to be advertised on television , with a commercial produced by Paramount Pictures for $ 150,000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'April 12 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SonSon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SonSon', 'summary': 'SonSon ( Japanese : ソンソン ) is an arcade video game by Capcom released in July 1984 . It is loosely based on the Chinese novel Journey to the West . The player assumes the role of a monkey boy ( who is patterned after Sun Wukong from the story ) and fights their way from one side to another , eventually reaching the statue of Buddha . One battles bats , rats , and mad bombers along the way with his stout fighting rod that shoots balls of fire . The game was ported from the arcade to the Family Computer in Japan . A sequel , titled SonSon II , was released for the PC Engine .'}]}, {'value': 'Capcom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Capcom', 'summary': "Capcom Co. , Ltd. ( Japanese : 株式会社カプコン , Hepburn : Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon ) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher known for creating numerous multi-million selling game franchises , including Mega Man , Street Fighter , Resident Evil , Devil May Cry , Onimusha , Dino Crisis , Dead Rising , Sengoku Basara , Ghosts ' n Goblins , Monster Hunter , Breath of Fire , and Ace Attorney as well as games based on Disney animated properties . Established in 1979 , it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in North America , Europe , and Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Capcom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Capcom', 'summary': "Capcom Co. , Ltd. ( Japanese : 株式会社カプコン , Hepburn : Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon ) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher known for creating numerous multi-million selling game franchises , including Mega Man , Street Fighter , Resident Evil , Devil May Cry , Onimusha , Dino Crisis , Dead Rising , Sengoku Basara , Ghosts ' n Goblins , Monster Hunter , Breath of Fire , and Ace Attorney as well as games based on Disney animated properties . Established in 1979 , it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in North America , Europe , and Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'December 6 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Commando', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Commando_(video_game)', 'summary': 'Commando , released in Japan as Senjō no Ōkami ( Japanese : 戦場の狼 , lit . Wolf of the Battlefield ) , is a run and gun , vertically scrolling arcade game released in 1985 , unrelated to the 1985 film of the same name . Its influence can be seen in various later games in the shooter game genre . Versions were released for various home computers and consoles . The game also appears on Capcom Classics Collection , Activision Anthology , and on the Wii Virtual Console Arcade , as well as Capcom Arcade Cabinet for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 .'}]}, {'value': 'Capcom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Capcom', 'summary': "Capcom Co. , Ltd. ( Japanese : 株式会社カプコン , Hepburn : Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon ) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher known for creating numerous multi-million selling game franchises , including Mega Man , Street Fighter , Resident Evil , Devil May Cry , Onimusha , Dino Crisis , Dead Rising , Sengoku Basara , Ghosts ' n Goblins , Monster Hunter , Breath of Fire , and Ace Attorney as well as games based on Disney animated properties . Established in 1979 , it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in North America , Europe , and Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Capcom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Capcom', 'summary': "Capcom Co. , Ltd. ( Japanese : 株式会社カプコン , Hepburn : Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon ) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher known for creating numerous multi-million selling game franchises , including Mega Man , Street Fighter , Resident Evil , Devil May Cry , Onimusha , Dino Crisis , Dead Rising , Sengoku Basara , Ghosts ' n Goblins , Monster Hunter , Breath of Fire , and Ace Attorney as well as games based on Disney animated properties . Established in 1979 , it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in North America , Europe , and Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'December 6 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E10+', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Exed Exes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Exed_Exes', 'summary': "Exed Exes ( エグゼドエグゼス , Eguzedo Eguzesu ) is a vertically scrolling shooter that was released in arcades in 1985 by Capcom . It was originally published in North America as Savage Bees , licensed to Memetron . It was also included with its original name on the Capcom Generations Volume 3 for Saturn and PlayStation , Capcom Classics Collection of PlayStation 2 and Xbox and Capcom Classics Collection Reloaded for PlayStation Portable . This game has been released for the Wii Virtual Console Arcade in Japan on September 21 , 2010 , the PAL region on January 7 , 2011 , and in North America on January 10 , 2011 . In 2013 , it was released on Capcom Arcade Cabinet for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 as Savage Bees . Colonel Issue appears as a cameo character in Project X Zone 2 as part of Captain Commando 's Solo Unit attack ."}]}, {'value': 'Capcom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Capcom', 'summary': "Capcom Co. , Ltd. ( Japanese : 株式会社カプコン , Hepburn : Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon ) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher known for creating numerous multi-million selling game franchises , including Mega Man , Street Fighter , Resident Evil , Devil May Cry , Onimusha , Dino Crisis , Dead Rising , Sengoku Basara , Ghosts ' n Goblins , Monster Hunter , Breath of Fire , and Ace Attorney as well as games based on Disney animated properties . Established in 1979 , it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in North America , Europe , and Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Capcom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Capcom', 'summary': "Capcom Co. , Ltd. ( Japanese : 株式会社カプコン , Hepburn : Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon ) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher known for creating numerous multi-million selling game franchises , including Mega Man , Street Fighter , Resident Evil , Devil May Cry , Onimusha , Dino Crisis , Dead Rising , Sengoku Basara , Ghosts ' n Goblins , Monster Hunter , Breath of Fire , and Ace Attorney as well as games based on Disney animated properties . Established in 1979 , it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in North America , Europe , and Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'January 10 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Ghosts ' n Goblins", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ghosts_'n_Goblins", 'summary': "Ghosts ' n Goblins ( Japanese : 魔界村 , Hepburn : Makaimura , lit . Demon World Village ) is a run and gun platformer video game series created by Tokuro Fujiwara and developed by Capcom . The first entry in the series was Ghosts ' n Goblins , released as an arcade title on September 19 , 1985 . The series has subsequently been released on and ported to a variety of game consoles and mobile platforms and spawned several sequels and spin-offs . The main series contains seven games : Ghosts ' n Goblins , Ghouls ' n Ghosts , Super Ghouls ' n Ghosts , Makaimura for WonderSwan , Ultimate Ghosts ' n Goblins , Ghosts ' n Goblins : Gold Knights , and Ghosts ' n Goblins : Gold Knights II . The series focuses on the knight Arthur 's quest to save princess Prin-Prin from the demon king Astaroth . The primary spin-offs include the Gargoyle 's Quest and Maximo game series . The series as a whole has sold over 4.4 million units and stands as the 8th best-selling Capcom game franchise . It has gained a reputation among players for its high level of difficulty ."}]}, {'value': 'Capcom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Capcom', 'summary': "Capcom Co. , Ltd. ( Japanese : 株式会社カプコン , Hepburn : Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon ) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher known for creating numerous multi-million selling game franchises , including Mega Man , Street Fighter , Resident Evil , Devil May Cry , Onimusha , Dino Crisis , Dead Rising , Sengoku Basara , Ghosts ' n Goblins , Monster Hunter , Breath of Fire , and Ace Attorney as well as games based on Disney animated properties . Established in 1979 , it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in North America , Europe , and Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Capcom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Capcom', 'summary': "Capcom Co. , Ltd. ( Japanese : 株式会社カプコン , Hepburn : Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon ) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher known for creating numerous multi-million selling game franchises , including Mega Man , Street Fighter , Resident Evil , Devil May Cry , Onimusha , Dino Crisis , Dead Rising , Sengoku Basara , Ghosts ' n Goblins , Monster Hunter , Breath of Fire , and Ace Attorney as well as games based on Disney animated properties . Established in 1979 , it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in North America , Europe , and Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'January 10 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1942', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1942_(video_game)', 'summary': '1942 is a vertically scrolling shooter made by Capcom that was released for the arcade in 1984 . It was the first game in the 19XX series . It was followed by 1943 : The Battle of Midway . 1942 is set in the Pacific theater of World War II . Despite the game being created by Japanese developers , the goal is to reach Tokyo and destroy the entire Japanese air fleet . The player pilots a Lockheed P-38 Lightning dubbed the Super Ace . The player has to shoot down enemy planes ; to avoid enemy fire , the player can perform a roll or vertical loop . During the game , the player may collect a series of power-ups , one of them allowing the plane to be escorted by two other smaller fighters in a Tip Tow formation . Enemies included : Kawasaki Ki-61s , Mitsubishi A6M Zeros and Kawasaki Ki-48s . The boss plane is a Nakajima G10N .'}]}, {'value': 'Capcom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Capcom', 'summary': "Capcom Co. , Ltd. ( Japanese : 株式会社カプコン , Hepburn : Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon ) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher known for creating numerous multi-million selling game franchises , including Mega Man , Street Fighter , Resident Evil , Devil May Cry , Onimusha , Dino Crisis , Dead Rising , Sengoku Basara , Ghosts ' n Goblins , Monster Hunter , Breath of Fire , and Ace Attorney as well as games based on Disney animated properties . Established in 1979 , it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in North America , Europe , and Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Capcom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Capcom', 'summary': "Capcom Co. , Ltd. ( Japanese : 株式会社カプコン , Hepburn : Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon ) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher known for creating numerous multi-million selling game franchises , including Mega Man , Street Fighter , Resident Evil , Devil May Cry , Onimusha , Dino Crisis , Dead Rising , Sengoku Basara , Ghosts ' n Goblins , Monster Hunter , Breath of Fire , and Ace Attorney as well as games based on Disney animated properties . Established in 1979 , it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in North America , Europe , and Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'January 24 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Black Tiger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_Tiger_(video_game)', 'summary': 'Black Tiger , known in Japan as Black Dragon ( Japanese : ブラックドラゴン , Hepburn : Burakku Doragon ) , is a 1987 platform game released for arcade by Capcom .'}]}, {'value': 'Capcom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Capcom', 'summary': "Capcom Co. , Ltd. ( Japanese : 株式会社カプコン , Hepburn : Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon ) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher known for creating numerous multi-million selling game franchises , including Mega Man , Street Fighter , Resident Evil , Devil May Cry , Onimusha , Dino Crisis , Dead Rising , Sengoku Basara , Ghosts ' n Goblins , Monster Hunter , Breath of Fire , and Ace Attorney as well as games based on Disney animated properties . Established in 1979 , it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in North America , Europe , and Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Capcom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Capcom', 'summary': "Capcom Co. , Ltd. ( Japanese : 株式会社カプコン , Hepburn : Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon ) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher known for creating numerous multi-million selling game franchises , including Mega Man , Street Fighter , Resident Evil , Devil May Cry , Onimusha , Dino Crisis , Dead Rising , Sengoku Basara , Ghosts ' n Goblins , Monster Hunter , Breath of Fire , and Ace Attorney as well as games based on Disney animated properties . Established in 1979 , it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in North America , Europe , and Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'January 24 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Super Hang-On', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Super_Hang-On', 'summary': 'Super Hang-On ( スーパーハング・オン ) is a motorcycle racing arcade game released by Sega , and the sequel to the acclaimed Hang-On . A version of this game , in the full simulated-motorcycle cabinet used by the original Hang-On , was released in 1991 as Limited Edition Hang-On .'}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 3 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E10+', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Titles -- Virtual Console Arcade', 'section_text': 'There were 21 arcade titles available .', 'uid': 'List_of_Virtual_Console_games_for_Wii_(North_America)_8', 'intro': 'The following is a list of the 427 games that were available on the Virtual Console for the Wii in North America. These games could also be played on the Wii U through Wii Mode, but lack the additional features found in Wii U Virtual Console releases. The games are sorted by system and in the order they were added in the Wii Shop Channel. To sort by other columns, click the corresponding icon in the header row. Nintendo discontinued the Wii Shop Channel on January 31, 2019, with the purchase of Wii Points for new games having ended on March 26, 2018. But Wii Shop Channel users can still continue to redownload previously purchased content as of February 1, 2019.'}	null	null	Who was the developer of the game where the player controls a modern-day ninja who has to stop a terrorist organization named Zeed ?	Sega
0a30804d635dc134	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Crystal_Skate_of_Romania', 'title': '2010 Crystal Skate of Romania', 'header': ['Rank', 'Name', 'Nation', 'Total Points', 'SP', 'FS'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chafik Besseghier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chafik_Besseghier', 'summary': 'Chafik Besseghier ( born 11 October 1989 ) is a French figure skater . He is a two-time International Cup of Nice champion and the 2016 and 2018 French national champion . He has won a total of fourteen senior international medals and finished in the top ten at three ISU Championships ( 2014 Worlds , 2013 Europeans , 2017 Europeans ) .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '175.63', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zoltán Kelemen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zoltán_Kelemen_(figure_skater)', 'summary': 'Zoltán Kelemen ( born 31 July 1986 ) is a Romanian figure skater . He is an eight-time Romanian national champion . He qualified for the free skate at the 2014 Winter Olympics , the 2014 World Championships , five European Championships , and two World Junior Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '158.34', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mikael Redin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mikael_Redin', 'summary': "Mikael Redin ( born 25 February 1989 ) is a figure skater who competes in men 's singles for Switzerland . He is the 2011 Swiss national champion and competed at two World Championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Switzerland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Switzerland', 'summary': "Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone ."}]}, {'value': '127.75', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kutay Eryoldas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kutay_Eryoldas', 'summary': 'Kutay Eryoldaş ( born February 11 , 1989 ) is a Turkish former competitive figure skater . He is a two-time national silver medalist and competed at seven ISU Championships . He trained in Ankara and Moscow .'}]}, {'value': 'Turkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turkey', 'summary': "Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye [ ˈtyɾcije ] ) , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti ] ( listen ) ) , is a transcontinental country located mostly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe . East Thrace , the part of Turkey in Europe , is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara , the Bosporus and the Dardanelles ( collectively called the Turkish Straits ) . Istanbul , mostly located on the European side , is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital . Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest , the Black Sea to its north , Georgia to its northeast , Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to its east , Iraq and Syria to its southeast , the Mediterranean Sea to its south , and the Aegean Sea to its west . Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country 's citizens identify as Turkish , while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population . At various points in its history , the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians , and Armenians . Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the start and foundation of Turkey . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks . Beginning in the late 13th century , the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans . After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I . During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa and became a world power ."}]}, {'value': '126.92', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vlad Ionescu', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '125.05', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mario-Rafael Ionian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mario-Rafael_Ionian', 'summary': "Mario-Rafael Ionian ( born 14 October 1990 ) is an Austrian figure skater who competes in men 's singles . He is a three-time Austrian national champion and the 2012 Golden Bear of Zagreb champion . He competed at the 2009 World Junior Championships in Sofia , Bulgaria , and at the 2010 World Junior Championships in The Hague , Netherlands , but was eliminated after the short program at both events . He qualified for the free skate at the 2016 European Championships in Bratislava , Slovakia . His brother , Simon-Gabriel Ionian , is also a competitive skater ."}]}, {'value': 'Austria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria', 'summary': "Austria ( /ˈɒstriə/ ( listen ) , /ˈɔːs-/ ; German : Österreich [ ˈøːstɐʁaɪ̯ç ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Austria ( German : Republik Österreich , listen ( help·info ) ) , is a landlocked East Alpine country in the southern part of Central Europe . It is composed of nine federated states ( Bundesländer ) , one of which is Vienna , Austria 's capital and its largest city . It is bordered by Germany to the northwest , Czech Republic to the north , Slovakia to the northeast , Hungary to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . Austria occupies an area of 83,879 km2 ( 32,386 sq mi ) and has a population of nearly 9 million people . While German is the country 's official language , many Austrians communicate informally in a variety of Bavarian dialects . Austria initially emerged as a margraviate around 976 and developed into a duchy and archduchy . In the 16th century , Austria started serving as the heart of the Habsburg Monarchy and the junior branch of the House of Habsburg - one of the most influential royal dynasties in history . As an archduchy , it was a major component and administrative centre of the Holy Roman Empire . Early in the 19th century , Austria established its own empire , which became a great power and the leading force of the German Confederation but pursued its own course independently of the other German states . Following the Austro-Prussian War and the compromise with Hungary , the Dual Monarchy was established . Austria was involved in World War I under Emperor Franz Joseph following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand , the presumptive successor to the Austro-Hungarian throne . After the defeat and the dissolution of the Monarchy , the Republic of German-Austria was proclaimed with the intent of the union with Germany , which eventually failed because of the Allied Powers and the state remained unrecognized ."}]}, {'value': '122.11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marton Marko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marton_Marko', 'summary': 'Márton Markó ( born 7 December 1988 ) is a Hungarian figure skater . He is a four-time Hungarian national champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hungary', 'summary': "Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország [ ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Central Europe . Spanning 93,030 square kilometres ( 35,920 sq mi ) in the Carpathian Basin , it borders Slovakia to the north , Ukraine to the northeast , Romania to the east and southeast , Serbia to the south , Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest , and Austria to the west . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world , and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest city is Budapest ; other major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . The territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples , including Celts , Romans , Germanic tribes , Huns , West Slavs and the Avars . The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 , converting his realm to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a regional power , reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire ( 1541-1699 ) . It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century , and later joined Austria to form the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a major European power . The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I , and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary 's current borders , resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory , 58% of its population , and 32% of ethnic Hungarians ."}]}, {'value': '105.27', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zsolt Kosz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zsolt_Kosz', 'summary': 'Zsolt Kosz ( born 6 July 1992 in Miercurea Ciuc , Romania ) is a figure skater from Romania . He won two bronze medals at the Romanian Figure Skating Championships in 2007 & 2008 . He belongs to the Hungarian minority in Romania .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '88.85', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Results -- Men', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2010_Crystal_Skate_of_Romania_0', 'intro': "The 2010 Crystal Skate of Romania was an international figure skating competition for the 2010-11 season. It was the 11th edition of the Crystal Skate of Romania to be held. The Crystal Skate of Romania is an annual senior-level international figure skating competition held in Romania. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles and ladies' singles. The 2010 Crystal Skate of Romania was between November 18 and 21, 2010 in Braşov."}	null	null	What is the year of birth of the competitor who scored 127.75 points at 2010 Crystal Skate of Romania ?	1989
0a3129c1324e6b01	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hoards_in_Great_Britain', 'title': 'List of hoards in Great Britain', 'header': ['Hoard', 'Date', 'Place of discovery', 'Year of discovery', 'Current Location', 'Contents'], 'data': [{'value': 'Abergavenny Hoard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'late 11th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abergavenny Monmouthshire 51°49′26″N 3°01′01″W / 51.824°N 3.017°W / 51.824 ; -3.017 ( Abergavenny Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abergavenny', 'summary': "Abergavenny ( /ˌæbərɡəˈvɛni/ ; Welsh : Y Fenni pronounced [ ə ˈvɛnɪ ] , archaically Abergafenni meaning Mouth of the River Gavenny ) is a market town and community in Monmouthshire , Wales . Abergavenny is promoted as a Gateway to Wales . It is located on the A40 trunk road and the A465 Heads of the Valleys road and is approximately 6 miles ( 10 km ) from the border with England . Originally the site of a Roman fort , Gobannium , it became a medieval walled town within the Welsh Marches . The town contains the remains of a medieval stone castle built soon after the Norman conquest of Wales . Abergavenny is situated at the confluence of the River Usk and a tributary stream , the Gavenny . It is almost entirely surrounded by mountains and hills : the Blorenge ( 559 m , 1,834 ft ) , the Sugar Loaf , ( 596 m , 1,955 ft ) , Ysgyryd Fawr ( Great Skirrid ) , Ysgyryd Fach ( Little Skirrid ) , Deri , Rholben and Mynydd Llanwenarth , known locally as Llanwenarth Breast . Abergavenny provides access to the nearby Black Mountains and the Brecon Beacons National Park . The Offa 's Dyke Path is close by and the Marches Way , the Beacons Way and Usk Valley Walk all pass through the town . In the UK 2011 census , the six relevant wards ( Lansdown , Grofield , Castle , Croesonen , Cantref and Priory ) collectively listed Abergavenny 's population as 12,515 . The town hosted the 2016 National Eisteddfod of Wales ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Monmouthshire', 'summary': 'Monmouthshire ( Welsh : Sir Fynwy ) is a county in south-east Wales . The name derives from the historic county of Monmouthshire of which it covers the eastern 60% . The largest town is Abergavenny . Other towns and large villages are Caldicot , Chepstow , Monmouth , Magor and Usk . It borders Torfaen and Newport to the west ; Herefordshire and Gloucestershire to the east ; and Powys to the north .'}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National Museum Cardiff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Museum_Cardiff', 'summary': 'National Museum Cardiff ( Welsh : Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Caerdydd ) is a museum and art gallery in Cardiff , Wales . The museum is part of the wider network of Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales . Entry is kept free by a grant from the Welsh Government ; however , they do ask for donations throughout the museum .'}]}, {'value': '199 silver pennies of Edward the Confessor and William the Conqueror', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor', 'summary': "Edward the Confessor [ a ] ( Old English : Ēadƿeard Andettere [ æːɑdwæɑrˠd ɑndetere ] ; Latin : Eduardus Confessor [ ɛdʊˈardʊs kõːˈfɛssɔr ] , Ecclesiastical Latin : [ eduˈardus konˈfessor ] ; c. 1003 - 5 January 1066 ) , also known as Saint Edward the Confessor , was among the last Anglo-Saxon kings of England . Usually considered the last king of the House of Wessex , he ruled from 1042 to 1066 . Edward was the son of Æthelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy . He succeeded Cnut the Great 's son - and his own half brother - Harthacnut . He restored the rule of the House of Wessex after the period of Danish rule since Cnut ( better known as Canute ) conquered England in 1016 . When Edward died in 1066 , he was succeeded by Harold Godwinson , who was defeated and killed in the same year by the Normans under William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings . Edgar the Ætheling , who was of the House of Wessex , was proclaimed king after the Battle of Hastings in 1066 , but never ruled and was deposed after about eight weeks . Historians disagree about Edward 's fairly long ( 24-year ) reign . His nickname reflects the traditional image of him as unworldly and pious . Confessor reflects his reputation as a saint who did not suffer martyrdom , as opposed to King Edward the Martyr . Some portray Edward the Confessor 's reign as leading to the disintegration of royal power in England and the advance in power of the House of Godwin , due to the infighting that began after his heirless death . Biographers Frank Barlow and Peter Rex , on the other hand , portray Edward as a successful king , one who was energetic , resourceful and sometimes ruthless ; they argue that the Norman conquest shortly after his death tarnished his image ."}, {'url': '/wiki/William_the_Conqueror', 'summary': 'William I [ a ] ( c. 1028 - 9 September 1087 ) , usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard , [ b ] was the first Norman King of England , reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087 . He was a descendant of Rollo and was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward . His hold was secure on Normandy by 1060 , following a long struggle to establish his throne , and he launched the Norman conquest of England six years later . The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands and by difficulties with his eldest son , Robert Curthose . William was the son of the unmarried Robert I , Duke of Normandy , by his mistress Herleva . His illegitimate status and his youth caused some difficulties for him after he succeeded his father , as did the anarchy which plagued the first years of his rule . During his childhood and adolescence , members of the Norman aristocracy battled each other , both for control of the child duke and for their own ends . In 1047 , William was able to quash a rebellion and begin to establish his authority over the duchy , a process that was not complete until about 1060 . His marriage in the 1050s to Matilda of Flanders provided him with a powerful ally in the neighbouring county of Flanders . By the time of his marriage , William was able to arrange the appointment of his supporters as bishops and abbots in the Norman church . His consolidation of power allowed him to expand his horizons , and he secured control of the neighbouring county of Maine by 1062 . In the 1050s and early 1060s , William became a contender for the throne of England held by the childless Edward the Confessor , his first cousin once removed .'}]}, {'value': 'Baschurch Hoard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'mid 13th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baschurch Shropshire 52°47′31″N 2°51′14″W / 52.792°N 2.854°W / 52.792 ; -2.854 ( Baschurch Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baschurch', 'summary': 'Baschurch ( Welsh : Eglwyssau Bassa ) is a large village and civil parish in Shropshire , England . grid reference SJ425220 It lies in North Shropshire , north of Shrewsbury . The village has a population of 2,503 as of the 2011 census . The village has strong links to Shrewsbury to the south-east , Oswestry to the north-west , and Wem to the north-east . There is a large village not far west of Baschurch called Ruyton-XI-Towns .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Shropshire', 'summary': "Shropshire ( /ˈʃrɒpʃər , -ʃɪər/ ; alternatively Salop ; abbreviated , in print only , Shrops ; demonym Salopian /səˈloʊpiən/ sə-LOH-pee-ən , Welsh : Swydd Amwythig ) is a county in England , bordering Wales to the west , Cheshire to the north , Staffordshire to the east , and Worcestershire and Herefordshire to the south . Shropshire Council was created in 2009 , a unitary authority taking over from the previous county council and five district councils . The borough of Telford and Wrekin has been a separate unitary authority since 1998 but continues to be included in the ceremonial county . The county 's population and economy is centred on five towns : the county town of Shrewsbury , which is culturally and historically important and close to the centre of the county ; Telford , a new town in the east which was constructed around a number of older towns , most notably Wellington , Dawley and Madeley , which is today the most populous ; and Oswestry in the northwest , Bridgnorth just to the south of Telford , and Ludlow in the south . The county has many market towns , including Whitchurch in the north , Newport northeast of Telford and Market Drayton in the northeast of the county . The Ironbridge Gorge area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site , covering Ironbridge , Coalbrookdale and a part of Madeley . There are other historic industrial sites in the county , such as at Shrewsbury , Broseley , Snailbeach and Highley , as well as the Shropshire Union Canal . The Shropshire Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty covers about a quarter of the county , mainly in the south . Shropshire is one of England 's most rural and sparsely populated counties , with a population density of 136/km2 ( 350/sq mi ) . The Wrekin is one of the most famous natural landmarks in the county , though the highest hills are the Clee Hills , Stiperstones and the Long Mynd . Wenlock Edge is another significant geographical and geological landmark . In the low-lying northwest of the county overlapping the border with Wales is the Fenn 's , Whixall and Bettisfield Mosses National Nature Reserve , one of the most important and best preserved bogs in Britain ."}]}, {'value': '2007-2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shrewsbury Museum and Art Gallery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shrewsbury_Museum_and_Art_Gallery', 'summary': "Shrewsbury Museum and Art Gallery was founded in 1835 as the Museum of the Shropshire and North Wales Natural History and Antiquarian Society Society in Dogpole , Shrewsbury , England . In 1853 the collections were moved to Vaughan 's Mansion on College Hill , which became known as the Shropshire and North Wales Museum . After 160 years and two subsequent homes the museum returned to Vaughan 's Mansion and the Music Hall Complex after a major redevelopment of the site ."}]}, {'value': '191 long cross pennies of Henry III of England , 1 penny of Alexander III of Scotland , and some coin fragments', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penny_(English_coin)', 'summary': 'The English penny ( plural pence ) , originally a coin of 1.3 to 1.5 grams ( 0.042 to 0.048 troy ounces ; 0.046 to 0.053 ounces ) pure silver , was introduced c. 785 by King Offa of Mercia . These coins were similar in size and weight to the continental deniers of the period and to the Anglo-Saxon sceats which had preceded it . Throughout the period of the Kingdom of England , from its beginnings in the 9th century , the penny was produced in silver . Pennies of the same nominal value , one 240th of a pound sterling , were in circulation continuously until the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Henry_III_of_England', 'summary': "Henry III ( 1 October 1207 - 16 November 1272 ) , also known as Henry of Winchester , was King of England , Lord of Ireland , and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death . He was the fourth king of the House of Plantagenet . The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême , Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons ' War . Cardinal Guala declared the war against the rebel barons to be a religious crusade and Henry 's forces , led by William Marshal , defeated the rebels at the battles of Lincoln and Sandwich in 1217 . Henry promised to abide by the Great Charter of 1225 , which limited royal power and protected the rights of the major barons . His early rule was dominated first by Hubert de Burgh and then Peter des Roches , who re-established royal authority after the war . In 1230 , the King attempted to reconquer the provinces of France that had once belonged to his father , but the invasion was a debacle . A revolt led by William Marshal 's son , Richard Marshal , broke out in 1232 , ending in a peace settlement negotiated by the Church . Following the revolt , Henry ruled England personally , rather than governing through senior ministers . He travelled less than previous monarchs , investing heavily in a handful of his favourite palaces and castles . He married Eleanor of Provence , with whom he had five children . Henry was known for his piety , holding lavish religious ceremonies and giving generously to charities ; the King was particularly devoted to the figure of Edward the Confessor , whom he adopted as his patron saint ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland', 'summary': 'Alexander III ( Medieval Gaelic : Alaxandair mac Alaxandair ; Modern Gaelic : Alasdair mac Alasdair ) ( 4 September 1241 - 19 March 1286 ) was King of Scots from 1249 until his death . He concluded the Treaty of Perth , by which Scotland acquired sovereignty over the Western Isles and the Isle of Man . His heir , Margaret , Maid of Norway , died before she could be crowned .'}]}, {'value': 'Beverley Hoard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'mid 13th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beverley East Yorkshire 53°50′42″N 0°25′37″W / 53.845°N 0.427°W / 53.845 ; -0.427 ( Beverley Hoard ( Med ) )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beverley', 'summary': 'Beverley is a historic market town , civil parish and the county town of the East Riding of Yorkshire , England . The town is known for Beverley Minster , Beverley Westwood , North Bar ( a 15th-century gate ) and Beverley Racecourse . It inspired the naming of the city of Beverly , Massachusetts , which in turn was the impetus for Beverly Hills , California . The town was originally known as Inderawuda and was founded around 700 AD by Saint John of Beverley during the time of the Anglian kingdom of Northumbria . After a period of Viking control , it passed to the Cerdic dynasty , a period during which it gained prominence in terms of religious importance in Great Britain . It continued to grow especially under the Normans when its trading industry was first established . A place of pilgrimage throughout the Middle Ages due to its founder , it eventually became a significant wool-trading town . Beverley was once the tenth-largest town in England , as well as one of the richest , because of its wool and the pilgrims who came to venerate its founding saint , John of Beverley . After the Reformation , the stature of Beverley was much reduced . In the 20th century , Beverley was the administrative centre of the local government district of the Borough of Beverley ( 1974-1996 ) . It is now the county town of the East Riding , located 8 miles ( 13 km ) north-west of Hull , 10 miles ( 16 km ) east of Market Weighton and 12 miles ( 19 km ) west of Hornsea . According to the 2001 United Kingdom census the total population of the urban area of Beverley was 29,110 - of whom 17,549 live within the historic parish boundaries .'}, {'url': '/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire', 'summary': 'The East Riding of Yorkshire , or simply East Riding or East Yorkshire , is an area in Northern England and can refer either to the administrative county ( Local Government Area ) of the East Riding of Yorkshire which is a unitary authority , to the ceremonial county ( Lieutenancy ) of the East Riding of Yorkshire or to the easternmost of the three subdivisions ( ridings ) of the traditional county of Yorkshire . No two of these areas share the same geographical boundaries despite sharing the same name . The traditional East Riding of Yorkshire includes parts of ceremonial North Yorkshire such as Filey but not Goole , whereas both the administrative and ceremonial East Riding of Yorkshire include Goole but not those parts of North Yorkshire . Both the traditional and ceremonial East Riding include Kingston upon Hull , but the administrative East Riding does not as Kingston upon Hull is in its own unitary authority . The traditional East Riding covers a larger area than both the ceremonial and administrative East Riding . The East Riding , North Riding and West Riding were treated as three separate counties for many purposes , such as having separate quarter sessions . In 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888 , administrative counties with a county council were created on the historic boundaries . In 1974 both the Local Government Area and the Lieutenancy of the East Riding of Yorkshire were abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 , being succeeded in most of the riding by the newly created Humberside which included parts of the West Riding and parts of Lincolnshire . The modern Local Government Area and the ceremonial East Riding of Yorkshire were formed in 1996 from the northern part of Humberside upon its abolition . At the 2011 Census , the population was 334,179 . The landscape consists of a crescent of low chalk hills , the Yorkshire Wolds , surrounded by the low-lying fertile plains of Holderness and the Vale of York . The Humber Estuary and North Sea mark its southern and eastern limits .'}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Museum , London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_Museum', 'summary': 'The British Museum , in the Bloomsbury area of London , United Kingdom , is a public institution dedicated to human history , art and culture . Its permanent collection of some eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence , having been widely sourced during the era of the British Empire . It documents the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present . [ a ] It was the first public national museum in the world . The British Museum was established in 1753 , largely based on the collections of the Irish physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane . It first opened to the public in 1759 , in Montagu House , on the site of the current building . Its expansion over the following 250 years was largely a result of expanding British colonisation and has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions , the first being the Natural History Museum in 1881 . In 1973 , the British Library Act 1972 detached the library department from the British Museum , but it continued to host the now separated British Library in the same Reading Room and building as the museum until 1997 . The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport , and as with all national museums in the UK it charges no admission fee , except for loan exhibitions . Its ownership of some of its most famous objects originating in other countries is disputed and remains the subject of international controversy , most notably in the case of the Parthenon Marbles .'}]}, {'value': '448 short cross pennies 27 cut half pennies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penny_(English_coin)', 'summary': 'The English penny ( plural pence ) , originally a coin of 1.3 to 1.5 grams ( 0.042 to 0.048 troy ounces ; 0.046 to 0.053 ounces ) pure silver , was introduced c. 785 by King Offa of Mercia . These coins were similar in size and weight to the continental deniers of the period and to the Anglo-Saxon sceats which had preceded it . Throughout the period of the Kingdom of England , from its beginnings in the 9th century , the penny was produced in silver . Pennies of the same nominal value , one 240th of a pound sterling , were in circulation continuously until the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 .'}]}, {'value': 'Chesterton Lane Hoard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'mid 14th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chesterton Lane , Cambridge Cambridgeshire 52°12′40″N 0°06′54″E / 52.211°N 0.115°E / 52.211 ; 0.115 ( Chesterton Lane Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chesterton_Road,_Cambridge', 'summary': "Chesterton Road ( part of the A1303 ) is a road in the north of Cambridge , England . The southwestern part of the road is known as Chesterton Lane . This links with Northampton Street at the junction with Castle Street to the northwest and Magdalene Street leading southeast across the River Cam into central Cambridge . At the northeastern end there is a roundabout , linking with Elizabeth Way ( the A1134 ) to the south , continuing Cambridge 's inner ring road to the east . Halfway along Chesterton Road there is a major junction with Victoria Road northwest and Milton Road northeast ( both part of the A1134 ) and Victoria Avenue over the Cam on Victoria Avenue Bridge to the south . Chesterton Lane and Chesterton Road form the northern part of the Cambridge inner ring road and thus have heavy traffic at times . To the northwest of Chesterton Lane is St Giles ' Church and Castle Hill , the location of the historic Cambridge Castle . On the opposite corner at the southwestern end of Chesterton Lane is the Museum of Cambridge , formerly the Cambridge & County Folk Museum , on Castle Street . To the southeast of Chesterton Lane is Magdalene College . In October 2000 , archaeologists excavating a sewerage shaft at the corner of Chesterton Lane and Magdalene Street discovered a collection of 13th- and 14th-century coins . Lying in the remains of a disintegrated wooden box , on the site of what was once a house , the hoard totalled 1,805 silver pennies and nine gold coins . The cache is now in the Fitzwilliam Museum ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Cambridgeshire ( abbreviated Cambs . ) [ note 1 ] is a county in the East of England , bordering Lincolnshire to the north , Norfolk to the north-east , Suffolk to the east , Essex and Hertfordshire to the south , and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west . The city of Cambridge is the county town . Modern Cambridgeshire was formed in 1974 as an amalgamation of the counties of Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely and Huntingdon and Peterborough , the former covering the historic county of Cambridgeshire ( including the Isle of Ely ) and the latter covering the historic county of Huntingdonshire and the Soke of Peterborough , historically part of Northamptonshire . It contains most of the region known as Silicon Fen . Local government is divided between Cambridgeshire County Council and Peterborough City Council , which , since 1998 , forms a separate unitary authority . Under the county council , there are five district councils , Cambridge City Council , South Cambridgeshire District Council , East Cambridgeshire District Council , Huntingdonshire District Council and Fenland District Council .'}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fitzwilliam Museum , Cambridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Museum', 'summary': 'The Fitzwilliam Museum is the art and antiquities museum of the University of Cambridge . It is located on Trumpington Street opposite Fitzwilliam Street in central Cambridge . It was founded in 1816 under the will of Richard FitzWilliam , 7th Viscount FitzWilliam ( 1745-1816 ) , and comprises one of the best collections of antiquities and modern art in western Europe . With over half a million objects and artworks in its collections , the displays in the Museum explore world history and art from antiquity to the present . The treasures of the museum include artworks by Monet , Picasso , Rubens , Vincent van Gogh , Rembrandt , Cézanne , Van Dyck , and Canaletto , as well as a winged bas-relief from Nimrud . Admission to the public is always free . The museum is a partner in the University of Cambridge Museums consortium , one of 16 Major Partner Museum services funded by Arts Council England to lead the development of the museums sector .'}]}, {'value': '9 gold coins 1806 silver coins', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chesterton Lane Hoard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'mid 14th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chesterton Lane , Cambridge Cambridgeshire 52°12′40″N 0°06′54″E / 52.211°N 0.115°E / 52.211 ; 0.115 ( Chesterton Lane Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chesterton_Road,_Cambridge', 'summary': "Chesterton Road ( part of the A1303 ) is a road in the north of Cambridge , England . The southwestern part of the road is known as Chesterton Lane . This links with Northampton Street at the junction with Castle Street to the northwest and Magdalene Street leading southeast across the River Cam into central Cambridge . At the northeastern end there is a roundabout , linking with Elizabeth Way ( the A1134 ) to the south , continuing Cambridge 's inner ring road to the east . Halfway along Chesterton Road there is a major junction with Victoria Road northwest and Milton Road northeast ( both part of the A1134 ) and Victoria Avenue over the Cam on Victoria Avenue Bridge to the south . Chesterton Lane and Chesterton Road form the northern part of the Cambridge inner ring road and thus have heavy traffic at times . To the northwest of Chesterton Lane is St Giles ' Church and Castle Hill , the location of the historic Cambridge Castle . On the opposite corner at the southwestern end of Chesterton Lane is the Museum of Cambridge , formerly the Cambridge & County Folk Museum , on Castle Street . To the southeast of Chesterton Lane is Magdalene College . In October 2000 , archaeologists excavating a sewerage shaft at the corner of Chesterton Lane and Magdalene Street discovered a collection of 13th- and 14th-century coins . Lying in the remains of a disintegrated wooden box , on the site of what was once a house , the hoard totalled 1,805 silver pennies and nine gold coins . The cache is now in the Fitzwilliam Museum ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Cambridgeshire ( abbreviated Cambs . ) [ note 1 ] is a county in the East of England , bordering Lincolnshire to the north , Norfolk to the north-east , Suffolk to the east , Essex and Hertfordshire to the south , and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west . The city of Cambridge is the county town . Modern Cambridgeshire was formed in 1974 as an amalgamation of the counties of Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely and Huntingdon and Peterborough , the former covering the historic county of Cambridgeshire ( including the Isle of Ely ) and the latter covering the historic county of Huntingdonshire and the Soke of Peterborough , historically part of Northamptonshire . It contains most of the region known as Silicon Fen . Local government is divided between Cambridgeshire County Council and Peterborough City Council , which , since 1998 , forms a separate unitary authority . Under the county council , there are five district councils , Cambridge City Council , South Cambridgeshire District Council , East Cambridgeshire District Council , Huntingdonshire District Council and Fenland District Council .'}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fitzwilliam Museum , Cambridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Museum', 'summary': 'The Fitzwilliam Museum is the art and antiquities museum of the University of Cambridge . It is located on Trumpington Street opposite Fitzwilliam Street in central Cambridge . It was founded in 1816 under the will of Richard FitzWilliam , 7th Viscount FitzWilliam ( 1745-1816 ) , and comprises one of the best collections of antiquities and modern art in western Europe . With over half a million objects and artworks in its collections , the displays in the Museum explore world history and art from antiquity to the present . The treasures of the museum include artworks by Monet , Picasso , Rubens , Vincent van Gogh , Rembrandt , Cézanne , Van Dyck , and Canaletto , as well as a winged bas-relief from Nimrud . Admission to the public is always free . The museum is a partner in the University of Cambridge Museums consortium , one of 16 Major Partner Museum services funded by Arts Council England to lead the development of the museums sector .'}]}, {'value': '9 gold coins 1806 silver coins', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chew Valley Hoard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chew_Valley_Hoard', 'summary': 'The Chew Valley Hoard is a hoard of 2,528 coins from the mid 11th century , very shortly after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 . The hoard was found in the Chew Valley , Somerset , England in 2019 . It is one of the largest finds of Norman coins in the UK .'}]}, {'value': 'mid 11th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chew Valley Somerset 51°21′00″N 2°36′00″W / 51.350°N 2.600°W / 51.350 ; -2.600 ( Chew Valley Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chew_Valley', 'summary': "The Chew Valley is an area in North Somerset , England , named after the River Chew , which rises at Chewton Mendip , and joins the River Avon at Keynsham . Technically , the area of the valley is bounded by the water catchment area of the Chew and its tributaries ; however , the name Chew Valley is often used less formally to cover other nearby areas , for example , Blagdon Lake and its environs , which by a stricter definition are part of the Yeo Valley . The valley is an area of rich arable and dairy farmland , interspersed with a number of villages . The landscape consists of the valley of the River Chew and is generally low-lying and undulating . It is bounded by higher ground ranging from Dundry Down to the north , the Lulsgate Plateau to the west , the Mendip Hills to the south and the Hinton Blewett , Marksbury and Newton St Loe plateau areas to the east . The valley 's boundary generally follows the top of scarp slopes except at the southwestern and southeastern boundaries where flat upper areas of the Chew Valley grade gently into the Yeo Valley and eastern Mendip Hills respectively . The River Chew was dammed in the 1950s to create Chew Valley Lake , which provides drinking water for the nearby city of Bristol and surrounding areas . The lake is a prominent landscape feature of the valley , a focus for recreation , and is internationally recognised for its nature conservation interest , because of the bird species , plants and insects . The area falls into the domains of councils including Bath and North East Somerset , North Somerset and Mendip . Part of the area falls within the Mendip Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty . Most of the undeveloped area is within the Bristol/Bath Green Belt . Many of the villages date back to the time of the Domesday Book and there is evidence of human occupation since the Stone Age ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Somerset', 'summary': "Somerset ( /ˈsʌmərsɛt/ ( listen ) or locally /ˈzʌmərzɛt/ ; archaically , Somersetshire ) is a county in South West England which borders Gloucestershire and Bristol to the north , Wiltshire to the east , Dorset to the south-east and Devon to the south-west . It is bounded to the north and west by the Severn Estuary and the Bristol Channel , its coastline facing southeastern Wales . Its traditional border with Gloucestershire is the River Avon . Somerset 's county town is Taunton . Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills , the Blackdown Hills , Mendip Hills , Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park , and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels . There is evidence of human occupation from Paleolithic times , and of subsequent settlement by the Celts , Romans and Anglo-Saxons . The county played a significant part in Alfred the Great 's rise to power , and later the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion . The city of Bath is famous for its Georgian architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site ."}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,528 silver coins , including 1,236 coins of Harold II and 1,310 coins of William I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harold_II', 'summary': 'Harold Godwinson ( c. 1022 - 14 October 1066 ) , often called Harold II , was the last crowned Anglo-Saxon king of England . Harold reigned from 6 January 1066 until his death at the Battle of Hastings , fighting the Norman invaders led by William the Conqueror during the Norman conquest of England . His death marked the end of Anglo-Saxon rule over England . Harold was a powerful earl and member of a prominent Anglo-Saxon family with ties to Cnut the Great . Upon the death of his brother-in-law King Edward the Confessor on 5 January 1066 , the Witenagemot convened and chose Harold to succeed ; he was the first English monarch to be crowned in Westminster Abbey . In late September , he successfully repelled an invasion by rival claimant Harald Hardrada of Norway before marching his army back south to meet William the Conqueror at Hastings two weeks later .'}, {'url': '/wiki/William_the_Conqueror', 'summary': 'William I [ a ] ( c. 1028 - 9 September 1087 ) , usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard , [ b ] was the first Norman King of England , reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087 . He was a descendant of Rollo and was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward . His hold was secure on Normandy by 1060 , following a long struggle to establish his throne , and he launched the Norman conquest of England six years later . The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands and by difficulties with his eldest son , Robert Curthose . William was the son of the unmarried Robert I , Duke of Normandy , by his mistress Herleva . His illegitimate status and his youth caused some difficulties for him after he succeeded his father , as did the anarchy which plagued the first years of his rule . During his childhood and adolescence , members of the Norman aristocracy battled each other , both for control of the child duke and for their own ends . In 1047 , William was able to quash a rebellion and begin to establish his authority over the duchy , a process that was not complete until about 1060 . His marriage in the 1050s to Matilda of Flanders provided him with a powerful ally in the neighbouring county of Flanders . By the time of his marriage , William was able to arrange the appointment of his supporters as bishops and abbots in the Norman church . His consolidation of power allowed him to expand his horizons , and he secured control of the neighbouring county of Maine by 1062 . In the 1050s and early 1060s , William became a contender for the throne of England held by the childless Edward the Confessor , his first cousin once removed .'}]}, {'value': 'Colchester Hoard ( 1902 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'mid 13th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'High Street , Colchester Essex 51°53′24″N 0°54′11″E / 51.890°N 0.903°E / 51.890 ; 0.903 ( Colchester Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colchester', 'summary': "Colchester /ˈkoʊltʃɛstər/ ( listen ) is a historic market town and the largest settlement within the borough of Colchester in the county of Essex . Colchester was the first Roman-founded Colonia in Britain , and Colchester lays claim to be regarded as Britain 's oldest recorded town . It was for a time the capital of Roman Britain , and is a member of the Most Ancient European Towns Network . Situated on the River Colne , Colchester is 50 miles ( 80 km ) northeast of London and is connected to the capital by the A12 road and its railway station which is on the Great Eastern Main Line . It is seen as a popular town for commuters , and is less than 30 miles ( 48 km ) from London Stansted Airport and 20 miles ( 32 km ) from the passenger ferry port of Harwich . Colchester is home to Colchester Castle and Colchester United Football Club . The demonym is Colcestrian ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Essex', 'summary': 'Essex ( /ˈɛsɪks/ ) is a county in the southeast of England , northeast of London . One of the home counties , it borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north , Hertfordshire to the west , Kent across the estuary of the River Thames to the south , and London to the southwest . The county town is Chelmsford , the only city in the county . For government statistical purposes Essex is placed in the East of England region . There are three definitions of the extent of Essex , the widest being the Ancient County , the more usual being the smaller Ceremonial County and smallest being the administrative county - the area administered by the County Council and which excludes the two unitary authorities of Thurrock and Southend-on-Sea . The Ceremonial County occupies the eastern part of what was , during the Early Middle Ages , the Kingdom of Essex . As well as rural areas , the county also includes London Stansted Airport , the new towns of Basildon and Harlow , Lakeside Shopping Centre , the port of Tilbury and the borough of Southend-on-Sea .'}]}, {'value': '1902', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Museum , London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_Museum', 'summary': 'The British Museum , in the Bloomsbury area of London , United Kingdom , is a public institution dedicated to human history , art and culture . Its permanent collection of some eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence , having been widely sourced during the era of the British Empire . It documents the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present . [ a ] It was the first public national museum in the world . The British Museum was established in 1753 , largely based on the collections of the Irish physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane . It first opened to the public in 1759 , in Montagu House , on the site of the current building . Its expansion over the following 250 years was largely a result of expanding British colonisation and has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions , the first being the Natural History Museum in 1881 . In 1973 , the British Library Act 1972 detached the library department from the British Museum , but it continued to host the now separated British Library in the same Reading Room and building as the museum until 1997 . The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport , and as with all national museums in the UK it charges no admission fee , except for loan exhibitions . Its ownership of some of its most famous objects originating in other countries is disputed and remains the subject of international controversy , most notably in the case of the Parthenon Marbles .'}, {'url': '/wiki/London', 'summary': "London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city ."}]}, {'value': '11,000 - 12,000 silver pennies in a lead canister', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colchester Hoard ( 1969 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'late 13th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'High Street , Colchester Essex 51°53′24″N 0°54′11″E / 51.890°N 0.903°E / 51.890 ; 0.903 ( Colchester Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colchester', 'summary': "Colchester /ˈkoʊltʃɛstər/ ( listen ) is a historic market town and the largest settlement within the borough of Colchester in the county of Essex . Colchester was the first Roman-founded Colonia in Britain , and Colchester lays claim to be regarded as Britain 's oldest recorded town . It was for a time the capital of Roman Britain , and is a member of the Most Ancient European Towns Network . Situated on the River Colne , Colchester is 50 miles ( 80 km ) northeast of London and is connected to the capital by the A12 road and its railway station which is on the Great Eastern Main Line . It is seen as a popular town for commuters , and is less than 30 miles ( 48 km ) from London Stansted Airport and 20 miles ( 32 km ) from the passenger ferry port of Harwich . Colchester is home to Colchester Castle and Colchester United Football Club . The demonym is Colcestrian ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Essex', 'summary': 'Essex ( /ˈɛsɪks/ ) is a county in the southeast of England , northeast of London . One of the home counties , it borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north , Hertfordshire to the west , Kent across the estuary of the River Thames to the south , and London to the southwest . The county town is Chelmsford , the only city in the county . For government statistical purposes Essex is placed in the East of England region . There are three definitions of the extent of Essex , the widest being the Ancient County , the more usual being the smaller Ceremonial County and smallest being the administrative county - the area administered by the County Council and which excludes the two unitary authorities of Thurrock and Southend-on-Sea . The Ceremonial County occupies the eastern part of what was , during the Early Middle Ages , the Kingdom of Essex . As well as rural areas , the county also includes London Stansted Airport , the new towns of Basildon and Harlow , Lakeside Shopping Centre , the port of Tilbury and the borough of Southend-on-Sea .'}]}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Museum , London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_Museum', 'summary': 'The British Museum , in the Bloomsbury area of London , United Kingdom , is a public institution dedicated to human history , art and culture . Its permanent collection of some eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence , having been widely sourced during the era of the British Empire . It documents the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present . [ a ] It was the first public national museum in the world . The British Museum was established in 1753 , largely based on the collections of the Irish physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane . It first opened to the public in 1759 , in Montagu House , on the site of the current building . Its expansion over the following 250 years was largely a result of expanding British colonisation and has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions , the first being the Natural History Museum in 1881 . In 1973 , the British Library Act 1972 detached the library department from the British Museum , but it continued to host the now separated British Library in the same Reading Room and building as the museum until 1997 . The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport , and as with all national museums in the UK it charges no admission fee , except for loan exhibitions . Its ownership of some of its most famous objects originating in other countries is disputed and remains the subject of international controversy , most notably in the case of the Parthenon Marbles .'}, {'url': '/wiki/London', 'summary': "London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city ."}]}, {'value': 'over 14,000 silver pennies of Henry III in a lead canister', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_III_of_England', 'summary': "Henry III ( 1 October 1207 - 16 November 1272 ) , also known as Henry of Winchester , was King of England , Lord of Ireland , and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death . He was the fourth king of the House of Plantagenet . The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême , Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons ' War . Cardinal Guala declared the war against the rebel barons to be a religious crusade and Henry 's forces , led by William Marshal , defeated the rebels at the battles of Lincoln and Sandwich in 1217 . Henry promised to abide by the Great Charter of 1225 , which limited royal power and protected the rights of the major barons . His early rule was dominated first by Hubert de Burgh and then Peter des Roches , who re-established royal authority after the war . In 1230 , the King attempted to reconquer the provinces of France that had once belonged to his father , but the invasion was a debacle . A revolt led by William Marshal 's son , Richard Marshal , broke out in 1232 , ending in a peace settlement negotiated by the Church . Following the revolt , Henry ruled England personally , rather than governing through senior ministers . He travelled less than previous monarchs , investing heavily in a handful of his favourite palaces and castles . He married Eleanor of Provence , with whom he had five children . Henry was known for his piety , holding lavish religious ceremonies and giving generously to charities ; the King was particularly devoted to the figure of Edward the Confessor , whom he adopted as his patron saint ."}]}, {'value': 'Cwm Nant Col Hoard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'early 16th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'near Llanbedr Gwynedd 52°49′12″N 4°06′04″W / 52.820°N 4.101°W / 52.820 ; -4.101 ( Cwm Nant Col Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Llanbedr', 'summary': 'Llanbedr ( Welsh pronunciation ) is a village and community in the Ardudwy area , formerly Meirionnydd , of Gwynedd , Wales .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gwynedd', 'summary': 'Gwynedd ( English : /ˈɡwɪnɪð/ ; Welsh : [ ˈɡʊɨnɛð ] ) is a county in Wales , sharing borders with Powys , Conwy , Denbighshire , Anglesey over the Menai Strait , and Ceredigion over the River Dyfi . The scenic Llŷn Peninsula and most of Snowdonia National Park are in Gwynedd . Bangor is the home of Bangor University . In the northern part of the county , the other main settlements are Caernarfon , Bethesda , Ffestiniog , Porthmadog and Pwllheli . The largest settlement in the south is Tywyn . As a local government area , it is the second largest in Wales in terms of land area and also one of the most sparsely populated . A majority of the population is Welsh-speaking . Gwynedd also refers to being one of the preserved counties of Wales , covering the two local government areas of Gwynedd and Anglesey . Named after the old Kingdom of Gwynedd , both culturally and historically , Gwynedd can also be used for most of North Wales , such as the area that was policed by the Gwynedd Constabulary . The current area is 2,548 square kilometres ( 984 square miles ) , slightly smaller than Luxembourg , with a population of 121,874 as measured in the 2011 Census .'}]}, {'value': '1918', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National Museum Cardiff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Museum_Cardiff', 'summary': 'National Museum Cardiff ( Welsh : Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Caerdydd ) is a museum and art gallery in Cardiff , Wales . The museum is part of the wider network of Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales . Entry is kept free by a grant from the Welsh Government ; however , they do ask for donations throughout the museum .'}]}, {'value': "1 late 13th or early 14th century copper alloy aquamanile in the shape of a stag , 1 5th century copper alloy ewer , 1 copper alloy tray , 1 bronze cauldron , 2 bronze skillets , 1 woodman 's iron axe , and iron firedog fragments", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aquamanile', 'summary': 'In modern usage , an aquamanile ( plural aquamanilia or simply aquamaniles ) is a ewer or jug-type vessel in the form of one or more animal or human figures . It usually contained water for the washing of hands ( aqua + manos ) over a basin , which was part of both upper-class meals and the Christian Eucharist . Historically the term was sometimes used for any basin or ewer so used , regardless of shape . Most surviving examples are in metal , typically copper alloys ( brass or bronze ) , as pottery versions have rarely survived .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andiron', 'summary': 'An andiron or firedog , fire-dog or fire dog is a bracket support , normally found in pairs , on which logs are laid for burning in an open fireplace , so that air may circulate under the firewood , allowing better burning and less smoke . They generally consist of a tall vertical element at the front , with at least two legs . This stops the logs from rolling out into the room , and may be highly decorative . The other element is one or more low horizontal pieces stretching back and serving to hold the logs off the bottom of the fireplace . An andiron is sometimes called a dog or dog-iron . Before the Renaissance , European andirons were almost invariably made entirely of iron and were of comparatively plain design . Indeed , andirons and firebacks were one of the first types of object to be commonly made in cast iron , a trend which in England began in the 1540s : until the nineteenth century cast iron was too brittle for many uses , but andirons carried light loads and this was not a problem . However , from the Renaissance onwards the front vertical element was increasingly given decorative treatment , and was in a different metal , such as brass , bronze or silver , which allowed casting , hugely increasing the range of decorative possibilities . When metals that could be cast began to be used for the fronts , these ordinary objects of the household received the attention of the artist , and had skill and taste lavished upon them . Thus English late 17th-century andirons often have elaborate flat brass front pieces , often in openwork and sometimes using enamel for further decoration . By the eighteenth century classical forms with several mouldings , similar to those used for candlesticks and the like , predominate in pieces for the middle classes , and were imitated in the American colonies , often just in iron and rather more simply . Small figures at the front also became popular ; in America cast flat Hessian soldiers were a long-lasting favourite .'}]}, {'value': 'Fauld Hoard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'early 15th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fauld , Tutbury Staffordshire 52°50′N 1°44′W / 52.84°N 1.73°W / 52.84 ; -1.73 ( Fauld Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tutbury', 'summary': "Tutbury is a large village and civil parish of about 3,076 residents in the English county of Staffordshire . It is surrounded by the agricultural countryside of both Staffordshire and Derbyshire . The site has been inhabited for over 3,000 years , with Iron Age defensive ditches encircling the main defensive hill , upon which now stand ruins of a Norman castle . These ditches can be seen most clearly at the Park pale and at the top of the steep hills behind Park Lane . The name Tutbury probably derives from a Scandinavian settler and subsequent chief of the hill-fort , Totta , bury being a corruption of burh the Anglo-Saxon name for 'fortified place ' . It is 5 miles ( 8.0 km ) north of Burton upon Trent and 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of the Peak District . Quarries near Tutbury once produced alabaster which was used in the carving of Nottingham Alabaster . Until 2006 , Tutbury Crystal , a manufacturer of high-quality cut glass products , was based in the village . However production was transferred to Stoke-on-Trent as the existing factory was very old and was thought to be too small for the modern company 's requirements . The old factory was demolished and flats were built on the site , but a factory shop still operates in the village . Despite this , the tourism trade survives thanks to the long and distinguished history of the Norman Priory Church and medieval Tutbury Castle where Mary , Queen of Scots , was once imprisoned ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Staffordshire', 'summary': 'Staffordshire ( /ˈstæfərdʃɪər , -ʃər/ ; postal abbreviation Staffs . ) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands of England . It borders Cheshire to the northwest , Derbyshire and Leicestershire to the east , Warwickshire to the southeast , West Midlands and Worcestershire to the south , and Shropshire to the west . The largest settlement in Staffordshire is Stoke-on-Trent , which is administered as an independent unitary authority , separately from the rest of the county . Lichfield , a smaller settlement , is a cathedral city . Other major settlements include Stafford , Burton upon Trent , Cannock , Newcastle-under-Lyme , Rugeley , Leek , and Tamworth . Smaller towns include Stone , Cheadle , Uttoxeter , Burntwood/Chasetown , Eccleshall , Biddulph , Penkridge and the large villages of Wombourne , Kinver , Tutbury , Alrewas , Barton-under-Needwood , Stretton and Abbots Bromley . Cannock Chase AONB is within the county as well as parts of the National Forest and the Peak District national park . Wolverhampton , Walsall , West Bromwich and Smethwick are within the historic county boundaries of Staffordshire , but since 1974 have been part of the West Midlands county . Apart from Stoke-on-Trent , Staffordshire is divided into the districts of Cannock Chase , East Staffordshire , Lichfield , Newcastle-under-Lyme , South Staffordshire , Stafford , Staffordshire Moorlands , and Tamworth .'}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Potteries Museum & Art Gallery , Stoke-on-Trent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Potteries_Museum_&_Art_Gallery', 'summary': "The Potteries Museum & Art Gallery is in Bethesda Street , Hanley , one of the six towns of Stoke-on-Trent in Staffordshire . Admission is free . One of the four local authority museums in the City , the other three being Gladstone Pottery Museum , Ford Green Hall and Etruria Industrial Museum , The Potteries Museum & Art Gallery houses collections that bring together the identities that went into forming the area known as the Potteries . The museum holds a collection of Staffordshire ceramics . All the collections at this museum are categorized as Designated Collections . Galleries display fine and decorative arts , costume , local history , archaeology and natural science collections . There is a second world war aircraft on permanent display , a Supermarine Spitfire whose earlier Marks were designed by R. J. Mitchell who came from nearby Butt Lane . Since February 2010 , The Potteries Museum & Art Gallery has been the home of a number of artifacts from the Staffordshire Hoard . 52,500 visitors viewed 118 items at the Potteries Museum during a 23-day exhibition in February 2010 . Since Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery and Stoke-on-Trent Museums have purchased the Hoard , items have been on permanent display at both venues . Over 80 pieces can be seen in The Potteries Museum & Art Gallery 's archaeology gallery . [ citation needed ] Redevelopment of the Saxon part to this gallery in the latter half of 2010 has set the Hoard within a more tangible context , using existing pieces from the museum 's collection of Staffordshire archaeology ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent', 'summary': 'Stoke-on-Trent ( often abbreviated to Stoke ) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire , England , with an area of 36 square miles ( 93 km2 ) . Together with the neighbouring boroughs of Newcastle-under-Lyme and Staffordshire Moorlands , it is part of North Staffordshire . In 2016 , the city had a population of 261,302 . Stoke is polycentric , having been formed by the federation of six towns in 1910 . It took its name from Stoke-upon-Trent where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located . Hanley is the primary commercial centre . The other four towns are Burslem , Tunstall , Longton , and Fenton . Stoke-on-Trent is the home of the pottery industry in England and is commonly known as the Potteries , with the local residents known as Potters . Formerly a primarily industrial conurbation , it is now a centre for service industries and distribution centres .'}]}, {'value': '114 silver groats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Groat_(coin)', 'summary': 'The groat is the traditional name of a long-defunct English and Irish silver coin worth four pence , and also a Scottish coin which was originally worth fourpence , with later issues being valued at eightpence and one shilling .'}]}, {'value': 'Fishpool Hoard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fishpool_Hoard', 'summary': "In 1966 the Fishpool Hoard of 1,237 15th century gold coins , four rings and four other pieces of jewellery , and two lengths of gold chain was discovered by workmen on a building site near present-day Cambourne Gardens , in Ravenshead , Nottinghamshire , England , an area that was then known as Fishpool . It is the largest hoard of medieval coins ever found in Britain . To judge from the dates of the coins , the hoard was probably buried in haste at some time between winter 1463 and summer 1464 , perhaps by someone fleeing south after the Battle of Hexham in May 1464 , in the first stages of England 's civil war between aristocratic factions , the War of the Roses . The Fishpool Hoard , on display in Room 40 in the British Museum , London , was listed in 2003 among Our Top Ten Treasures , a special episode of BBC Television series Meet the Ancestors that profiled the ten most important treasures ever unearthed in Britain as voted by a panel of experts from the British Museum . The British Museum assesses the face value of the hoard when deposited , about £400 , would be equivalent to around £300,000 today . The makeup of the coinage , as well as dating the hoard , showed that the light coinage of 1412 did not entirely eliminate earlier gold coins . Among the coins were detected some nearly contemporary gold-plated counterfeit coins from the reign of Henry VI ( 1422-61 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'mid 15th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ravenshead Nottinghamshire 53°05′N 1°10′W / 53.08°N 1.17°W / 53.08 ; -1.17 ( Fishpool Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ravenshead', 'summary': "Ravenshead is a village and civil parish in the Gedling district of Nottinghamshire , England . It borders Papplewick , Newstead Abbey and Blidworth , and is part of Nottinghamshire 's Hidden Valleys area . According to the 2001 census it had a population of 5,636 , reducing marginally to 5,629 at the 2011 census ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nottinghamshire', 'summary': 'Nottinghamshire ( pronounced /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃər , -ʃɪər/ ; abbreviated Notts . ) is a county in the East Midlands region of England , bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west , Lincolnshire to the east , Leicestershire to the south , and Derbyshire to the west . The traditional county town is Nottingham , though the county council is based at County Hall in West Bridgford in the borough of Rushcliffe , at a site facing Nottingham over the River Trent . The districts of Nottinghamshire are Ashfield , Bassetlaw , Broxtowe , Gedling , Mansfield , Newark and Sherwood , and Rushcliffe . The City of Nottingham was administratively part of Nottinghamshire between 1974 and 1998 , but is now a unitary authority , remaining part of Nottinghamshire for ceremonial purposes . In 2017 , the county was estimated to have a population of 785,800 . Over half of the population of the county live in the Greater Nottingham conurbation ( which continues into Derbyshire ) . The conurbation has a population of about 650,000 , though less than half live within the city boundaries . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Museum , London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_Museum', 'summary': 'The British Museum , in the Bloomsbury area of London , United Kingdom , is a public institution dedicated to human history , art and culture . Its permanent collection of some eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence , having been widely sourced during the era of the British Empire . It documents the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present . [ a ] It was the first public national museum in the world . The British Museum was established in 1753 , largely based on the collections of the Irish physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane . It first opened to the public in 1759 , in Montagu House , on the site of the current building . Its expansion over the following 250 years was largely a result of expanding British colonisation and has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions , the first being the Natural History Museum in 1881 . In 1973 , the British Library Act 1972 detached the library department from the British Museum , but it continued to host the now separated British Library in the same Reading Room and building as the museum until 1997 . The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport , and as with all national museums in the UK it charges no admission fee , except for loan exhibitions . Its ownership of some of its most famous objects originating in other countries is disputed and remains the subject of international controversy , most notably in the case of the Parthenon Marbles .'}]}, {'value': '1,237 gold coins 8 pieces of jewellery 2 lengths of gold chain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fillongley Hoard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'early 13th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fillongley Warwickshire 52°28′55″N 1°35′17″W / 52.482°N 1.588°W / 52.482 ; -1.588 ( Fillongley Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fillongley', 'summary': 'Fillongley is a village and civil parish in the North Warwickshire district of Warwickshire in England . The village is centred on the crossroads of the B4102 ( which connects Solihull and Nuneaton ) and the B4098 ( connecting Coventry and Tamworth ) . The population of the parish taken at the 2011 census was 1,484 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Warwickshire', 'summary': 'Warwickshire ( /ˈwɒrɪkʃər , -ʃɪər/ ( listen ) ; abbreviated Warks ) is a county in the West Midlands region of England . The county town is Warwick , and the largest town is Nuneaton . The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare . The county is divided into five districts of North Warwickshire , Nuneaton and Bedworth , Rugby , Warwick and Stratford-on-Avon . The current county boundaries were set in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 . The historic county boundaries include Coventry , Sutton Coldfield and Solihull , as well as much of Birmingham .'}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Warwickshire Museum , Warwick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Market_Hall_Museum,_Warwick', 'summary': "Market Hall Museum is an historic museum located in Warwick , in Warwickshire , England . The Market Hall forms part of The Warwickshire Museum , alongside St John 's House . The Warwickshire Museum is operated by Heritage and Culture Warwickshire . The collections on display at Market Hall are primarily focused on objects in the fields of archaeology , geology and natural history , and particularly those local to Warwickshire ."}]}, {'value': '2 silver brooches silver finger ring 127 short-cross pennies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penny_(English_coin)', 'summary': 'The English penny ( plural pence ) , originally a coin of 1.3 to 1.5 grams ( 0.042 to 0.048 troy ounces ; 0.046 to 0.053 ounces ) pure silver , was introduced c. 785 by King Offa of Mercia . These coins were similar in size and weight to the continental deniers of the period and to the Anglo-Saxon sceats which had preceded it . Throughout the period of the Kingdom of England , from its beginnings in the 9th century , the penny was produced in silver . Pennies of the same nominal value , one 240th of a pound sterling , were in circulation continuously until the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 .'}]}, {'value': 'Gayton Hoard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'late 12th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gayton Northamptonshire 52°10′12″N 0°59′35″W / 52.170°N 0.993°W / 52.170 ; -0.993 ( Gayton Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gayton,_Northamptonshire', 'summary': 'Gayton is a rural village 5 miles ( 8 km ) from Northampton town centre in South Northamptonshire . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 544 . It is situated on a hill close to the larger villages of Bugbrooke , Milton Malsor and Blisworth , with a linked public footpath network .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Northamptonshire', 'summary': "Northamptonshire ( /nɔːrˈθæmptənʃər , -ʃɪər/ ; abbreviated Northants . ) , archaically known as the County of Northampton , is a county in the East Midlands of England . In 2015 it had a population of 723,000 . The county is administered by Northamptonshire County Council and by seven non-metropolitan district councils . It is known as The Rose of the Shires . Covering an area of 2,364 square kilometres ( 913 sq mi ) , Northamptonshire is landlocked between eight other counties : Warwickshire to the west , Leicestershire and Rutland to the north , Cambridgeshire to the east , Bedfordshire to the south-east , Buckinghamshire to the south , Oxfordshire to the south-west and Lincolnshire to the north-east - England 's shortest administrative county boundary at 20 yards ( 19 metres ) . Northamptonshire is the southernmost county in the East Midlands region . Apart from the county town of Northampton , other major population centres include Kettering , Corby , Wellingborough , Rushden and Daventry . Northamptonshire 's county flower is the cowslip ."}]}, {'value': '1998-1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ashmolean Museum , Oxford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ashmolean_Museum', 'summary': "The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology ( /æʃˈmoʊliən/ , /ˌæʃməˈliːən/ ) on Beaumont Street , Oxford , England , is the world 's first university museum . Its first building was erected in 1678-1683 to house the cabinet of curiosities that Elias Ashmole gave to the University of Oxford in 1677 . The present building was erected 1841-1845 . The museum reopened in 2009 after a major redevelopment . In November 2011 , new galleries focusing on Egypt and Nubia were unveiled . In May 2016 , the museum opened new galleries of 19th-century art ."}]}, {'value': '308 silver pennies 7 fragments', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penny_(English_coin)', 'summary': 'The English penny ( plural pence ) , originally a coin of 1.3 to 1.5 grams ( 0.042 to 0.048 troy ounces ; 0.046 to 0.053 ounces ) pure silver , was introduced c. 785 by King Offa of Mercia . These coins were similar in size and weight to the continental deniers of the period and to the Anglo-Saxon sceats which had preceded it . Throughout the period of the Kingdom of England , from its beginnings in the 9th century , the penny was produced in silver . Pennies of the same nominal value , one 240th of a pound sterling , were in circulation continuously until the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 .'}]}, {'value': 'Glenluce Hoard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'late 15th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glenluce sand-dunes Wigtownshire 54°51′00″N 4°52′59″W / 54.850°N 4.883°W / 54.850 ; -4.883 ( Glenluce Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glenluce', 'summary': 'Glenluce ( Scottish Gaelic : Clachan Ghlinn Lus ) is a small village in the parish of Old Luce in Wigtownshire , Scotland . It contains a village shop , a caravan park and a town hall , as well as the parish church .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wigtownshire', 'summary': 'Wigtownshire or the County of Wigtown ( Scottish Gaelic : Siorrachd Bhaile na h-Ùige , Scots : Wigtounshire ) is a historic county , registration county and lieutenancy area in south-west Scotland . It is popularly known as and referred to as The Shire . Until 1975 , Wigtownshire was one of the administrative counties used for local government purposes , and is now administered as part of the council area of Dumfries and Galloway . As a lieutenancy area , Wigtownshire has its own Lord Lieutenant , currently John Alexander Ross . In the 19th century , it was also called West Galloway ( Scottish Gaelic : Gallobha-an-iar ) . The county town was historically Wigtown , with the administrative centre moving to Stranraer , the largest town , on the creation of a county council in 1890 .'}]}, {'value': '1956', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 English silver coins 10 Scottish silver coins 99 Scottish billon coins 1 Scottish copper farthing', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gorefield Hoard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'early 14th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gorefield Cambridgeshire 52°40′59″N 0°05′31″E / 52.683°N 0.092°E / 52.683 ; 0.092 ( Gorefield Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gorefield', 'summary': "Gorefield is a village and civil parish in the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire , England . At the time of the 2001 census , the parish 's population was 1,064 people , increasing to 1,184 at the 2011 Census . While the name Gorefield first appears in a manuscript from 1190 , the village has no visible link to its pre-Victorian past . [ citation needed ] Gorefield as a developing village dates to the 19th and 20th centuries . [ citation needed ] The Church of St Paul was built in 1870 at a cost of £2,000 with the formation of the ecclesiastical parish of Gorefield from Leverington under the Leverington Rectory Act . [ page needed ] In 2004 , Gorefield won the Fenland District Award in the Cambridgeshire Village of the Year contest . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Cambridgeshire', 'summary': 'Cambridgeshire ( abbreviated Cambs . ) [ note 1 ] is a county in the East of England , bordering Lincolnshire to the north , Norfolk to the north-east , Suffolk to the east , Essex and Hertfordshire to the south , and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west . The city of Cambridge is the county town . Modern Cambridgeshire was formed in 1974 as an amalgamation of the counties of Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely and Huntingdon and Peterborough , the former covering the historic county of Cambridgeshire ( including the Isle of Ely ) and the latter covering the historic county of Huntingdonshire and the Soke of Peterborough , historically part of Northamptonshire . It contains most of the region known as Silicon Fen . Local government is divided between Cambridgeshire County Council and Peterborough City Council , which , since 1998 , forms a separate unitary authority . Under the county council , there are five district councils , Cambridge City Council , South Cambridgeshire District Council , East Cambridgeshire District Council , Huntingdonshire District Council and Fenland District Council .'}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Museum , London Wisbech & Fenland Museum , Fitzwilliam Museum , Cambridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_Museum', 'summary': 'The British Museum , in the Bloomsbury area of London , United Kingdom , is a public institution dedicated to human history , art and culture . Its permanent collection of some eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence , having been widely sourced during the era of the British Empire . It documents the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present . [ a ] It was the first public national museum in the world . The British Museum was established in 1753 , largely based on the collections of the Irish physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane . It first opened to the public in 1759 , in Montagu House , on the site of the current building . Its expansion over the following 250 years was largely a result of expanding British colonisation and has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions , the first being the Natural History Museum in 1881 . In 1973 , the British Library Act 1972 detached the library department from the British Museum , but it continued to host the now separated British Library in the same Reading Room and building as the museum until 1997 . The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport , and as with all national museums in the UK it charges no admission fee , except for loan exhibitions . Its ownership of some of its most famous objects originating in other countries is disputed and remains the subject of international controversy , most notably in the case of the Parthenon Marbles .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wisbech_&_Fenland_Museum', 'summary': "The Museum Society was founded in 1835 and was originally located in two rooms of 16 Old Market Place , a detached part of the house of George Snarey and opened in July . The collections could be seen 'from 11 to 2 o'clock every Friday ' . In 1839 admission was 1s . Wisbech Institute were given permission to bring members for a tour at 6d per member . In 1845 the museum building was sold and it re-located to the present purpose-built building in 1847 . Originally designed to house both the Museum ( founded in 1835 ) and Literary Society ( founded in 1781 ) , the latter ceased in 1877 and the Museum trustees became the sole owners . A Grade II* listed building , designed by architect George Buckler , and opened in 1847 , the museum retains its original display cases and bookcases . The building suffers from subsidence , due mainly to its location . Having been sited over the location of the former moat to the Wisbech Castle , settlement of the infill has resulted in movement to the front elevation of the building closest to St Peter 's Church . In 1887 the library was extended . The museum houses a number of important collections relating to local history and the anti-slavery campaigner Thomas Clarkson . A significant exhibit is the original manuscript of Charles Dickens ' Great Expectations , the bequest of Chauncy Hare Townshend ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Museum', 'summary': 'The Fitzwilliam Museum is the art and antiquities museum of the University of Cambridge . It is located on Trumpington Street opposite Fitzwilliam Street in central Cambridge . It was founded in 1816 under the will of Richard FitzWilliam , 7th Viscount FitzWilliam ( 1745-1816 ) , and comprises one of the best collections of antiquities and modern art in western Europe . With over half a million objects and artworks in its collections , the displays in the Museum explore world history and art from antiquity to the present . The treasures of the museum include artworks by Monet , Picasso , Rubens , Vincent van Gogh , Rembrandt , Cézanne , Van Dyck , and Canaletto , as well as a winged bas-relief from Nimrud . Admission to the public is always free . The museum is a partner in the University of Cambridge Museums consortium , one of 16 Major Partner Museum services funded by Arts Council England to lead the development of the museums sector .'}]}, {'value': '1,084 silver pennies , halfpennies and farthings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penny_(English_coin)', 'summary': 'The English penny ( plural pence ) , originally a coin of 1.3 to 1.5 grams ( 0.042 to 0.048 troy ounces ; 0.046 to 0.053 ounces ) pure silver , was introduced c. 785 by King Offa of Mercia . These coins were similar in size and weight to the continental deniers of the period and to the Anglo-Saxon sceats which had preceded it . Throughout the period of the Kingdom of England , from its beginnings in the 9th century , the penny was produced in silver . Pennies of the same nominal value , one 240th of a pound sterling , were in circulation continuously until the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Halfpenny_(British_pre-decimal_coin)', 'summary': "The British pre-decimal halfpenny ( \u200b1⁄2d ) coin , usually simply known as a ha'penny ( pronounced /ˈheɪpəni/ HAY-pə-nee ) , historically occasionally also as the obol and once abbreviated ob ( from the Latin obulus ) , was a unit of currency that equalled half of a penny or \u200b1⁄480 of a pound sterling . Originally the halfpenny was minted in copper , but after 1860 it was minted in bronze . In the run-up to decimalisation it ceased to be legal tender from 31 July 1969 . The halfpenny featured two different designs on its reverse during its years in circulation . From 1672 until 1936 the image of Britannia appeared on the reverse , and from 1937 onwards the image of the Golden Hind appeared . Like all British coinage , it bore the portrait of the monarch on the obverse . Halfpenny was colloquially written hapenny , and \u200b1 1⁄2d was spoken as a penny hapenny /ə ˈpɛni ˈheɪpni/ or three ha'pence /θriː ˈheɪpəns/ . Before Decimal Day in 1971 there were 240 pence in one pound sterling . Twelve pence made a shilling , and twenty shillings made a pound . Values less than a pound were usually written in terms of shillings and pence , e.g . 42 pence would be three shillings and six pence ( 3/6 ) , pronounced three and six , whereas 3 shillings even would be 3s or , on a sign in a shop , 3/- ( the dash usually being written instead of 0 for pence ) . Values of less than a shilling were simply written in pence , e.g ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Farthing_(British_coin)', 'summary': 'The British farthing ( \u200b1⁄4d ) coin , from Old English fēorðing , from fēorða , a fourth , was a unit of currency of one quarter of a penny , or \u200b1⁄960 of a pound sterling . It was minted in bronze , and replaced the earlier copper farthings . It was used during the reign of six monarchs : Victoria , Edward VII , George V , Edward VIII , George VI and Elizabeth II , ceasing to be legal tender from 1 January 1961 . It featured two different designs on its reverse during its 100 years in circulation : from 1860 until 1936 , the image of Britannia ; and from 1937 onwards , the image of a wren . Like all British coinage , it bore the portrait of the monarch on the obverse . Before Decimal Day in 1971 , there were 240 pence ( the plural of penny ) in one pound sterling . There were four farthings in a penny , 12 pence made a shilling , and 20 shillings made a pound . Values less than a pound were usually written in terms of shillings and pence , e.g. , three shillings and six pence ( 3/6 ) , pronounced three and six or three and sixpence . Values of less than a shilling were simply written in pence , e.g. , 8d , pronounced eightpence . A price with a farthing in it would be written like this : ( 19/\u200b11 1⁄4 ) , pronounced nineteen and elevenpence farthing . The purchasing power of a farthing from 1860 to its demise at the beginning of 1961 ranged between 2p to 12p in 2017 GB Pound values .'}]}, {'value': 'Llanddona Hoard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'early 14th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Llanddona Anglesey 53°17′38″N 4°08′20″W / 53.294°N 4.139°W / 53.294 ; -4.139 ( Llanddona Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Llanddona', 'summary': "Llanddona ( Welsh pronunciation ) is a village and community noted for its sandy beach in the Welsh county of Anglesey . Located between Benllech and Beaumaris , it is popular as a holiday destination , particularly for families . Llanddona has no shops ; however , it has a riding school and a public house . At the 2001 census it had a population of 639 , increasing to 691 at the 2011 census . Llanddona transmitting station is located approximately one mile to the north east of the village . The station is the main broadcasting site for television and radio in north Wales . St Dona 's Church , Llanddona , dates from 610 , although the present building was erected in 1873 . Llanddona is said to have once been home to a family of witches , whose powers descended from mother to daughter ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Anglesey', 'summary': 'Anglesey ( /ˈæŋɡəlsiː/ ; Welsh : Ynys Môn [ ˈənɨs ˈmoːn ] ) is an island off the north-west coast of Wales . It forms the principal area ( as Isle of Anglesey ) and historic county of that name , which includes Holy Island to the west and some islets and skerries . Anglesey island , at 260 square miles ( 673 km2 ) , is by far the largest island in Wales , seventh largest in the British Isles , largest in the Irish Sea and second most populous after the Isle of Man . The local-government area of Isle of Anglesey County Council measures 276 square miles ( 715 km2 ) , , with a 2011 census population of 69,751 , of whom 13,659 live on Holy Island . The Menai Strait between Anglesey and mainland Wales is spanned by the Menai Suspension Bridge , designed by Thomas Telford in 1826 , and the Britannia Bridge , built in 1850 and replaced in 1980 . The largest town is Holyhead , where the port handles over 2 million passengers a year with Ireland . The next largest is Llangefni , seat of the county council . From 1974 to 1996 Anglesey was run as part of Gwynedd . Most Anglesey inhabitants are Welsh speakers . The name Ynys Môn is used for the UK Parliament and National Assembly constituencies . The island forms the LL postcode area ( LL58-LL78 ) .'}]}, {'value': '1999 , 2005-2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'returned to finder', 'urls': []}, {'value': '970 silver pennies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Penny_(English_coin)', 'summary': 'The English penny ( plural pence ) , originally a coin of 1.3 to 1.5 grams ( 0.042 to 0.048 troy ounces ; 0.046 to 0.053 ounces ) pure silver , was introduced c. 785 by King Offa of Mercia . These coins were similar in size and weight to the continental deniers of the period and to the Anglo-Saxon sceats which had preceded it . Throughout the period of the Kingdom of England , from its beginnings in the 9th century , the penny was produced in silver . Pennies of the same nominal value , one 240th of a pound sterling , were in circulation continuously until the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 .'}]}, {'value': 'Piddletrenthide Hoard ( 2008 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1400 - 1412', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Piddletrenthide , Dorset 50°48′00″N 2°25′30″W / 50.800°N 2.425°W / 50.800 ; -2.425 ( Piddletrenthide Hoard ( 2008 ) )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Piddletrenthide', 'summary': 'Piddletrenthide ( /ˌpɪdəltrɛntˈhaɪd/ ) is a village and civil parish in the English county of Dorset . It is sited by the small River Piddle in a valley on the dip slope of the Dorset Downs , 8 miles ( 13 km ) north of Dorchester . In the 2011 census the parish - which includes the small village of Plush to the northeast - had 323 dwellings , 290 households and a population of 647 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dorset', 'summary': "Dorset ( /ˈdɔːrsɪt/ ; archaically : Dorsetshire ) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast . The ceremonial county comprises the unitary authority areas of Bournemouth , Christchurch and Poole and Dorset . Covering an area of 2,653 square kilometres ( 1,024 sq mi ) , Dorset borders Devon to the west , Somerset to the north-west , Wiltshire to the north-east , and Hampshire to the east . The county town is Dorchester which is in the south . After the reorganisation of local government in 1974 the county 's border was extended eastward to incorporate the Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch . Around half of the population lives in the South East Dorset conurbation , while the rest of the county is largely rural with a low population density . The county has a long history of human settlement stretching back to the Neolithic era . The Romans conquered Dorset 's indigenous Celtic tribe , and during the Early Middle Ages , the Saxons settled the area and made Dorset a shire in the 7th century . The first recorded Viking raid on the British Isles occurred in Dorset during the eighth century , and the Black Death entered England at Melcombe Regis in 1348 . Dorset has seen much civil unrest : in the English Civil War , an uprising of vigilantes was crushed by Oliver Cromwell 's forces in a pitched battle near Shaftesbury ; the doomed Monmouth Rebellion began at Lyme Regis ; and a group of farm labourers from Tolpuddle were instrumental in the formation of the trade union movement . During the Second World War , Dorset was heavily involved in the preparations for the invasion of Normandy , and the large harbours of Portland and Poole were two of the main embarkation points . The former was the sailing venue in the 2012 Summer Olympics , and both have clubs or hire venues for sailing , Cornish pilot gig rowing , sea kayaking and powerboating ."}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '293 Medieval silver coins , comprising 272 complete pennies , 2 broken pennies , 14 half groats , and 4 groats , found in a fragmentary pottery vessel', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reigate Hoard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'mid 15th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reigate Surrey 51°13′48″N 0°11′17″W / 51.230°N 0.188°W / 51.230 ; -0.188 ( Reigate Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reigate', 'summary': 'Reigate ( /ˈraɪɡeɪt/ RY-gate ) is a town of over 20,000 inhabitants in eastern Surrey , England . It is in the London commuter belt and one of three towns in the borough of Reigate and Banstead . It is sited at the foot of the North Downs and extends over part of the Greensand Ridge . Reigate has a medieval castle and has been a market town since the medieval period , when it also became a parliamentary borough . Colley Hill , one mile ( 1.6 km ) north-west of Reigate , is 722 feet ( 220 m ) high . Reigate Hill , 2.5 miles ( 4.0 km ) due east of Colley Hill , is 771 feet ( 235 m ) high , and they both have panoramas along the North Downs Way .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Surrey', 'summary': 'Surrey ( /ˈsʌri/ SURR-ee ) is a county in South East England which borders Kent to the east , East Sussex to the southeast , West Sussex to the south , Hampshire to the west , Berkshire to the northwest , and Greater London to the northeast . With about 1.2 million people , Surrey is the twelfth most populous English county , the third most populous home county , after Kent and Essex , and the third most populous in the Southeast , after Hampshire and Kent . Surrey is a wealthy county . It has the highest GDP per capita of any English county , some of the highest property values outside Inner London , and also the highest cost of living outside the capital . It has the highest proportion of woodland of counties in England . It has four horse racing courses , and golf courses including the international competition venue at Wentworth . Guildford is popularly regarded as the county town , although Surrey County Council is based extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames . Surrey is divided into eleven districts .'}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'dispersed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '135 gold nobles , half nobles and quarters 6,566 silver groats', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rhoneston Hoard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'late 15th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rhoneston , near Dumfries Dumfriesshire 55°09′14″N 3°42′29″W / 55.154°N 3.708°W / 55.154 ; -3.708 ( Rhoneston Hoard )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dumfries', 'summary': "Dumfries ( /dʌmˈfriːs/ ( listen ) dum-FREESS ; possibly from Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Phris ) is a market town and former royal burgh within the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland . It is located near the mouth of the River Nith into the Solway Firth . Dumfries is the traditional county town of the historic county of Dumfriesshire . Dumfries is nicknamed Queen of the South . The nickname has also given name to the town 's professional football club . People from Dumfries are known colloquially in Scots language as Doonhamers ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dumfriesshire', 'summary': 'Dumfriesshire or the County of Dumfries ( Siorrachd Dhùn Phris in Gaelic ) is a historic county , registration county and lieutenancy area of Scotland . It borders Kirkcudbrightshire to the west , Ayrshire to the north-west , Lanarkshire , Peeblesshire and Selkirkshire to the north , and Roxburghshire to the east . To the south is the coast of the Solway Firth , and the English county of Cumberland . Dumfries has three subdivisions : Annandale , Eskdale and Nithsdale . For purposes of modern local government , it is combined with Galloway to form the council area of Dumfries and Galloway .'}]}, {'value': '1961', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 English silver coins 6 Scottish silver coins 70 Scottish billon coins', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roslin Hoard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'late 13th/early 14th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roslin Midlothian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roslin,_Midlothian', 'summary': 'Roslin ( formerly spelt Rosslyn or Roslyn ) is a village in Midlothian , Scotland , 7 miles ( 11 km ) to the south of the capital city Edinburgh . It stands on high ground , near the northwest bank of the river North Esk .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Midlothian', 'summary': 'Midlothian ( /mɪdˈloʊðiən/ ; Scottish Gaelic : Meadhan Lodainn ) is a historic county , registration county , lieutenancy area and one of 32 council areas of Scotland used for local government . Midlothian lies in the east-central Lowlands , bordering the City of Edinburgh , East Lothian and the Scottish Borders . Midlothian emerged as a county in the Middle Ages under larger boundaries than the modern council area , including Edinburgh itself - and also known as Edinburghshire until 1921 . It bordered West Lothian to the west , Lanarkshire , Peeblesshire and Selkirkshire to the south , and East Lothian , Berwickshire and Roxburghshire to the east . Traditional industries included mining , agriculture and fishing - although the modern council area is now landlocked . Under local government reforms in 1975 , Midlothian became a district council within the Lothian region and in 1996 the current unitary council area was created . It contains the towns of Dalkeith , Bonnyrigg and Penicuik , as well as a portion of the Pentland Hills Regional Park , Roslin Chapel and Dalkeith Palace .'}]}, {'value': 'spring equinox day of 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National Museums of Scotland , Edinburgh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Museums_of_Scotland', 'summary': "National Museums Scotland ( NMS ; Scottish Gaelic : Taigh-tasgaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba ) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government . It runs the national museums of Scotland . NMS is one of the country 's National Collections , and holds internationally important collections of natural sciences , decorative arts , world cultures , science and technology , and Scottish history and archaeology ."}]}, {'value': 'A total of about 250 coins and their fragments as well as the vessel in which they were hidden have been found . At the moment protection and conservation of the whole is in progress . Over 200 long cross complete silver pennies mostly English of Edward I , number of Irish mint and Scottish from the reign of Alexander III found in a fragmentary pottery vessel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edward_I_of_England', 'summary': "Edward I ( 17/18 June 1239 - 7 July 1307 ) , also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots ( Latin : Malleus Scotorum ) , was King of England from 1272 to 1307 . He was the fifth king of the House of Plantagenet . Before his accession to the throne , he was commonly referred to as Lord Edward . The first son of Henry III , Edward was involved from an early age in the political intrigues of his father 's reign , which included an outright rebellion by the English barons . In 1259 , he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement , supporting the Provisions of Oxford . After reconciliation with his father , however , he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict , known as the Second Barons ' War . After the Battle of Lewes , Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons , but escaped after a few months and defeated the baronial leader Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265 . Within two years the rebellion was extinguished and , with England pacified , Edward joined the Ninth Crusade to the Holy Land . He was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died . Making a slow return , he reached England in 1274 and was crowned at Westminster Abbey . Edward spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law . Through an extensive legal inquiry , he investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties , while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland', 'summary': 'Alexander III ( Medieval Gaelic : Alaxandair mac Alaxandair ; Modern Gaelic : Alasdair mac Alasdair ) ( 4 September 1241 - 19 March 1286 ) was King of Scots from 1249 until his death . He concluded the Treaty of Perth , by which Scotland acquired sovereignty over the Western Isles and the Isle of Man . His heir , Margaret , Maid of Norway , died before she could be crowned .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Later Medieval hoards', 'section_text': "Map this section 's coordinates using : OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as : KML · GPX Hoards dating to the later medieval period , from 1066 to about 1500 , mostly comprise silver pennies , in some cases amounting to many thousands of coins , although the Fishpool Hoard contains over a thousand gold coins .", 'uid': 'List_of_hoards_in_Britain_4', 'intro': "The list of hoards in Britain comprises significant archaeological hoards of coins, jewellery, precious and scrap metal objects and other valuable items discovered in Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales). It includes both hoards that were buried with the intention of retrieval at a later date (personal hoards, founder's hoards, merchant's hoards, and hoards of loot), and also hoards of votive offerings which were not intended to be recovered at a later date, but excludes grave goods and single items found in isolation. The list is subdivided into sections according to archaeological and historical periods."}	null	null	Who oversees the museum that houses the Fillongley Hoard ?	Heritage and Culture Warwickshire
0a323716f81e4c1d	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksys_Games', 'title': 'Aksys Games', 'header': ['Title', 'First release', 'Developer ( s )', 'Platform ( s )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Battle Fantasia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_Fantasia', 'summary': "Battle Fantasia ( バトルファンタジア , Batoru Fantajia ) is a fighting video game developed by Arc System Works . Originally released in Japanese arcades in April 2007 , the title was ported to the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 home consoles in Japan in May 2008 , with a North American Xbox 360-exclusive version released in English in September 2008 by Aksys Games . It was later released in the PAL region in 2009 for both systems by 505 Games ( Europe ) and Aksys Games ( Australia ) . A Microsoft Windows version , ported in collaboration with DotEmu and distributed via Steam , was released on July 7 , 2015 as Battle Fantasia : Revised Edition . The game 's development was headed by Emiko Iwasaki , who had previously served as illustrator for the company 's Guilty Gear series , and features three-dimensional character models restricted to a two-dimensional plane . Battle Fantasia retains a number of features of its predecessor including fast-paced gameplay , colorful anime-style graphics , and over-the-top effects , yet was designed to be a more basic representation of the fighting genre . The game is notable for its stylistic departure from many fighting games , and is set in a fantasy world depicted as a storybook , and borrows many superficial elements from role-playing games including damage represented as numbers and a text-heavy story mode , which involves a number of heroes answering the call to battle to stop an evil force from once again attempting to destroy the world . Battle Fantasia met with relatively low sales in Japan and received mixed to average reviews from critics ."}]}, {'value': 'September 16 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arc System Works', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arc_System_Works', 'summary': 'Arc System Works Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社アークシステムワークス , Kabushiki gaisha Āku Shisutemu Wākusu ) is a video game developer and publisher located in Yokohama . Founded by Minoru Kidooka in 1988 , the company is known for arcade 2D fighting game franchises , including Guilty Gear and BlazBlue , as well as other licensed-based fighting games for Dragon Ball and Persona 4 Arena .'}]}, {'value': 'Xbox 360', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_360', 'summary': "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft . As the successor to the original Xbox , it is the second console in the Xbox series . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12 , 2005 , with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo . The Xbox 360 features an online service , Xbox Live , which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console 's lifetime . Available in free and subscription-based varieties , Xbox Live allows users to : play games online ; download games ( through Xbox Live Arcade ) and game demos ; purchase and stream music , television programs , and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals ; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications . In addition to online multimedia features , it allows users to stream media from local PCs . Several peripherals have been released , including wireless controllers , expanded hard drive storage , and the Kinect motion sensing camera . The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia , turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment . Launched worldwide across 2005-2006 , the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions , including North America and Europe . The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate , indicated by the so-called Red Ring of Death , necessitating an extension of the device 's warranty period . Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console : the Xbox 360 S in 2010 , and the Xbox 360 E in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Guilty Gear 2 : Overture', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guilty_Gear_2:_Overture', 'summary': 'Guilty Gear 2 : Overture ( ギルティギア2オーヴァチュア , Giruti Gia Tsū Ōvachua ) is a video game in the Guilty Gear series made by Arc System Works for the Xbox 360 . The fourth main installment in the series , Guilty Gear 2 makes use of 3D graphics , unlike its predecessors . The Xbox Live demo of Guilty Gear 2 describes the game as , a mix between the action and real-time strategy genre . A playable demo featuring three modes of gameplay was released in Japan via Xbox Live on 30 October 2007 . A North American version was released on October 7 , 2008 released by Aksys Games . A port for Microsoft Windows was released on March 31 , 2016 worldwide by Arc System Works .'}]}, {'value': 'October 7 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arc System Works', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arc_System_Works', 'summary': 'Arc System Works Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社アークシステムワークス , Kabushiki gaisha Āku Shisutemu Wākusu ) is a video game developer and publisher located in Yokohama . Founded by Minoru Kidooka in 1988 , the company is known for arcade 2D fighting game franchises , including Guilty Gear and BlazBlue , as well as other licensed-based fighting games for Dragon Ball and Persona 4 Arena .'}]}, {'value': 'Xbox 360', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_360', 'summary': "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft . As the successor to the original Xbox , it is the second console in the Xbox series . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12 , 2005 , with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo . The Xbox 360 features an online service , Xbox Live , which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console 's lifetime . Available in free and subscription-based varieties , Xbox Live allows users to : play games online ; download games ( through Xbox Live Arcade ) and game demos ; purchase and stream music , television programs , and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals ; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications . In addition to online multimedia features , it allows users to stream media from local PCs . Several peripherals have been released , including wireless controllers , expanded hard drive storage , and the Kinect motion sensing camera . The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia , turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment . Launched worldwide across 2005-2006 , the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions , including North America and Europe . The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate , indicated by the so-called Red Ring of Death , necessitating an extension of the device 's warranty period . Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console : the Xbox 360 S in 2010 , and the Xbox 360 E in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'BlazBlue : Calamity Trigger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BlazBlue:_Calamity_Trigger', 'summary': "BlazBlue : Calamity Trigger ( ブレイブルーカラミティトリガー , BureiBurū : Karamiti Torigā ) is a fighting game developed by Arc System Works in 2008 . The game 's name is a portmanteau of blaze and blue , with the z sound omitted in the Japanese pronunciation , rendering it similar to the word bray in pronunciation . Originally released for the arcades , it was also released for the PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 and Windows . A port for the PlayStation Portable , titled BlazBlue : Calamity Trigger Portable ( ブレイブルーカラミティトリガーポータブル , BureiBurū : Karamiti Torigā Pōtaburu ) , was released in 2010 . It was the first title in the BlazBlue game series and extended franchise ."}]}, {'value': 'June 30 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arc System Works', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arc_System_Works', 'summary': 'Arc System Works Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社アークシステムワークス , Kabushiki gaisha Āku Shisutemu Wākusu ) is a video game developer and publisher located in Yokohama . Founded by Minoru Kidooka in 1988 , the company is known for arcade 2D fighting game franchises , including Guilty Gear and BlazBlue , as well as other licensed-based fighting games for Dragon Ball and Persona 4 Arena .'}]}, {'value': 'Xbox 360', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_360', 'summary': "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft . As the successor to the original Xbox , it is the second console in the Xbox series . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12 , 2005 , with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo . The Xbox 360 features an online service , Xbox Live , which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console 's lifetime . Available in free and subscription-based varieties , Xbox Live allows users to : play games online ; download games ( through Xbox Live Arcade ) and game demos ; purchase and stream music , television programs , and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals ; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications . In addition to online multimedia features , it allows users to stream media from local PCs . Several peripherals have been released , including wireless controllers , expanded hard drive storage , and the Kinect motion sensing camera . The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia , turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment . Launched worldwide across 2005-2006 , the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions , including North America and Europe . The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate , indicated by the so-called Red Ring of Death , necessitating an extension of the device 's warranty period . Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console : the Xbox 360 S in 2010 , and the Xbox 360 E in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '0-D Beat Drop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/0-D_Beat_Drop', 'summary': "0-D Beat Drop is a 2009 rhythm-puzzle video game developed by Cyclone Zero and JAMSWORKS and published by Aksys Games and Arc System Works . With elements of Puyo Puyo and Lumines , the game has players organizing colored shapes onto a playing field in order to match three pieces and clear them using the game 's titular Beat Drop , which requires the player to listen to the techno soundtrack . It also sponsored a Japanese K-pop band Sweat Vacation and the difficulty for this game was added based on it ."}]}, {'value': 'November 11 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cyclone Zero', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Xbox 360 ( XBLA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_360', 'summary': "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft . As the successor to the original Xbox , it is the second console in the Xbox series . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12 , 2005 , with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo . The Xbox 360 features an online service , Xbox Live , which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console 's lifetime . Available in free and subscription-based varieties , Xbox Live allows users to : play games online ; download games ( through Xbox Live Arcade ) and game demos ; purchase and stream music , television programs , and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals ; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications . In addition to online multimedia features , it allows users to stream media from local PCs . Several peripherals have been released , including wireless controllers , expanded hard drive storage , and the Kinect motion sensing camera . The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia , turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment . Launched worldwide across 2005-2006 , the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions , including North America and Europe . The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate , indicated by the so-called Red Ring of Death , necessitating an extension of the device 's warranty period . Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console : the Xbox 360 S in 2010 , and the Xbox 360 E in 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Xbox_Live_Arcade', 'summary': "Xbox Live Arcade ( XBLA ) is a digital video game download service available through the Xbox Games Store , Microsoft 's digital distribution network for the Xbox 360 . It focuses on smaller downloadable games from both major publishers and independent game developers . Titles range from classic console and arcade video games , to new games designed from the ground up for the service . Games available through the XBLA service range from $ 5-20 in price , and as of October 2016 , there have been 719 Xbox Live Arcade titles released for the Xbox 360 . Prior to the Xbox 360 , Xbox Live Arcade was the name for an online distribution network on the original Xbox , which was replaced by the Xbox Live Marketplace ."}]}, {'value': 'Record of Agarest War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Record_of_Agarest_War', 'summary': 'Record of Agarest War ( アガレスト戦記 , Agaresuto Senki ) , known in Europe as Agarest : Generations of War , is a tactical role-playing game for PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows . The game is a collaboration between Idea Factory , Red Entertainment and Compile Heart . An updated port of the game was released in Japan for the Xbox 360 on November 27 , 2008 . HyperDevbox released an Android port on December 19 , 2013 , and an iOS port on May 16 , 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'April 27 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Compile Heart , Red Entertainment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Compile_Heart', 'summary': "Compile Heart ( 株式会社コンパイルハート , Kabushiki gaisha Konpairu Hāto ) is a Japanese video game developer founded on June 2 , 2006 as a subsidiary of Idea Factory . The company was formerly managed by Compile 's former executive Masamitsu Moo Niitani , most well known as the creator of the Madou Monogatari and Puyo Puyo series , before his retirement in December 2012 . Compile Heart is primarily known for its Hyperdimension Neptunia and Record of Agarest War brands . As of 2010 , the company managed to acquire a licensing deal with D4 Enterprise ( the copyright holder of most property rights under Compile ) to create new video games based on franchises from the defunct developer . This does not affect the rights to the Puyo Puyo series which D4 does not own and remains the property of Sega ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Red_Entertainment', 'summary': 'Red Entertainment ( 株式会社レッド・エンタテインメント , Kabushiki-gaisha Reddo Entateinmento ) is a video game developer and publisher based in Japan . Formerly known as the Red Company ( レッドカンパニー , Reddo Kanpanī ) since its founding in 1976 ( though it did not begin doing business until 1985 ) , it was reorganized under its current moniker on December 4 , 2000 . While Red Company as a public corporation dates back to the mid-1980s , the first title released under the Red Entertainment brand was Gungrave on July 17 , 2002 . The name RED comes from Royal Emperor Dragon . In 2011 , the company was acquired by Chinese game developer UltiZen Games Limited . In 2014 , Red Entertainment was sold to Oizumi Corporation .'}]}, {'value': 'Xbox 360', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_360', 'summary': "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft . As the successor to the original Xbox , it is the second console in the Xbox series . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12 , 2005 , with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo . The Xbox 360 features an online service , Xbox Live , which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console 's lifetime . Available in free and subscription-based varieties , Xbox Live allows users to : play games online ; download games ( through Xbox Live Arcade ) and game demos ; purchase and stream music , television programs , and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals ; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications . In addition to online multimedia features , it allows users to stream media from local PCs . Several peripherals have been released , including wireless controllers , expanded hard drive storage , and the Kinect motion sensing camera . The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia , turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment . Launched worldwide across 2005-2006 , the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions , including North America and Europe . The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate , indicated by the so-called Red Ring of Death , necessitating an extension of the device 's warranty period . Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console : the Xbox 360 S in 2010 , and the Xbox 360 E in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'DeathSmiles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DeathSmiles', 'summary': "Deathsmiles ( デススマイルズ , Desusumairuzu ) is a horizontal side scrolling shoot 'em up arcade game by Japanese developer Cave , released in late 2007 . It is notable for its aesthetic style , featuring heavy occult and gothic influences . It is the second Cave shoot 'em up to be played using a horizontally-oriented monitor ( the first being Progear , followed by Akai Katana ) . It was the first Cave shooter released in North America on a console , and the first one in Europe . Cave has also released it for iOS . A sequel , Deathsmiles II , was released to Japanese arcades on May 14 , 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'June 28 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cave', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cave_(company)', 'summary': "CAVE Interactive CO. , LTD. ( Japanese : 株式会社ケイブ , Hepburn : Kabushiki Gaisha Keibu ) , or CAVE for short , is a Japanese video game company founded in 1994 by former employees of Toaplan following its bankruptcy . They are known primarily for their bullet hell shoot 'em ups ; from 1995 up to 2013 , CAVE was one of the most prolific shoot 'em up developers in the Japanese market . Alongside this , CAVE has produced a variety of other types games for arcades , home consoles , PCs , and smartphones , also dating back to 1995 . CAVE is an acronym for Computer Art Visual Entertainment ."}]}, {'value': 'Xbox 360', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_360', 'summary': "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft . As the successor to the original Xbox , it is the second console in the Xbox series . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12 , 2005 , with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo . The Xbox 360 features an online service , Xbox Live , which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console 's lifetime . Available in free and subscription-based varieties , Xbox Live allows users to : play games online ; download games ( through Xbox Live Arcade ) and game demos ; purchase and stream music , television programs , and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals ; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications . In addition to online multimedia features , it allows users to stream media from local PCs . Several peripherals have been released , including wireless controllers , expanded hard drive storage , and the Kinect motion sensing camera . The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia , turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment . Launched worldwide across 2005-2006 , the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions , including North America and Europe . The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate , indicated by the so-called Red Ring of Death , necessitating an extension of the device 's warranty period . Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console : the Xbox 360 S in 2010 , and the Xbox 360 E in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'BlazBlue : Continuum Shift', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BlazBlue:_Continuum_Shift', 'summary': 'BlazBlue : Continuum Shift ( ブレイブルーコンティニュアムシフト , BureiBurū : Kontinyuamu Shifuto ) is a 2009 fighting game developed by Arc System Works as an official sequel to BlazBlue : Calamity Trigger . As with the previous game , the game first came to arcades before both the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions as the game was currently released for the Taito Type X2 arcade system board , with a 16:9 ratio and 768p resolution . Revisions entitled BlazBlue : Continuum Shift II ( ブレイブルーコンティニュアムシフトツウ , BureiBurū : Kontinyuamu Shifuto Tsū ) and BlazBlue : Continuum Shift Extend ( ブレイブルーコンティニュアムシフトエクステンド , BureiBurū : Kontinyuamu Shifuto Ekusutendo ) were released in arcades in 2010-2011 . They were later ported to the PlayStation 3 , PlayStation Portable , Nintendo 3DS , and Windows .'}]}, {'value': 'July 27 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arc System Works', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arc_System_Works', 'summary': 'Arc System Works Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社アークシステムワークス , Kabushiki gaisha Āku Shisutemu Wākusu ) is a video game developer and publisher located in Yokohama . Founded by Minoru Kidooka in 1988 , the company is known for arcade 2D fighting game franchises , including Guilty Gear and BlazBlue , as well as other licensed-based fighting games for Dragon Ball and Persona 4 Arena .'}]}, {'value': 'Xbox 360', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_360', 'summary': "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft . As the successor to the original Xbox , it is the second console in the Xbox series . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12 , 2005 , with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo . The Xbox 360 features an online service , Xbox Live , which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console 's lifetime . Available in free and subscription-based varieties , Xbox Live allows users to : play games online ; download games ( through Xbox Live Arcade ) and game demos ; purchase and stream music , television programs , and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals ; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications . In addition to online multimedia features , it allows users to stream media from local PCs . Several peripherals have been released , including wireless controllers , expanded hard drive storage , and the Kinect motion sensing camera . The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia , turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment . Launched worldwide across 2005-2006 , the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions , including North America and Europe . The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate , indicated by the so-called Red Ring of Death , necessitating an extension of the device 's warranty period . Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console : the Xbox 360 S in 2010 , and the Xbox 360 E in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Record of Agarest War Zero', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Record_of_Agarest_War_Zero', 'summary': 'Record of Agarest War Zero , known as Agarest Senki Zero ( アガレスト戦記 ZERO , Agaresuto Senki Zero ) in Japan and Agarest : Generations of War Zero in Europe , is a tactical role-playing game developed by Compile Heart and Red Entertainment . It was published in Japan by Idea Factory on June 25 , 2009 for the PlayStation 3 . It is the prequel to the 2007 game Record of Agarest War . An enhanced port of Agarest Zero was released for the Xbox 360 titled Agarest Senki Zero : Dawn of War . The Xbox 360 version contained extra content not found in the PlayStation 3 version of the game , such as costumes , CGs and more . Both versions feature an extra mode where you can return to the maps from the previous game , and unlock characters via the PlayStation Store or Xbox Live Marketplace .'}]}, {'value': 'June 14 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Compile Heart , Red Entertainment', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Compile_Heart', 'summary': "Compile Heart ( 株式会社コンパイルハート , Kabushiki gaisha Konpairu Hāto ) is a Japanese video game developer founded on June 2 , 2006 as a subsidiary of Idea Factory . The company was formerly managed by Compile 's former executive Masamitsu Moo Niitani , most well known as the creator of the Madou Monogatari and Puyo Puyo series , before his retirement in December 2012 . Compile Heart is primarily known for its Hyperdimension Neptunia and Record of Agarest War brands . As of 2010 , the company managed to acquire a licensing deal with D4 Enterprise ( the copyright holder of most property rights under Compile ) to create new video games based on franchises from the defunct developer . This does not affect the rights to the Puyo Puyo series which D4 does not own and remains the property of Sega ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Red_Entertainment', 'summary': 'Red Entertainment ( 株式会社レッド・エンタテインメント , Kabushiki-gaisha Reddo Entateinmento ) is a video game developer and publisher based in Japan . Formerly known as the Red Company ( レッドカンパニー , Reddo Kanpanī ) since its founding in 1976 ( though it did not begin doing business until 1985 ) , it was reorganized under its current moniker on December 4 , 2000 . While Red Company as a public corporation dates back to the mid-1980s , the first title released under the Red Entertainment brand was Gungrave on July 17 , 2002 . The name RED comes from Royal Emperor Dragon . In 2011 , the company was acquired by Chinese game developer UltiZen Games Limited . In 2014 , Red Entertainment was sold to Oizumi Corporation .'}]}, {'value': 'Xbox 360', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_360', 'summary': "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft . As the successor to the original Xbox , it is the second console in the Xbox series . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12 , 2005 , with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo . The Xbox 360 features an online service , Xbox Live , which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console 's lifetime . Available in free and subscription-based varieties , Xbox Live allows users to : play games online ; download games ( through Xbox Live Arcade ) and game demos ; purchase and stream music , television programs , and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals ; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications . In addition to online multimedia features , it allows users to stream media from local PCs . Several peripherals have been released , including wireless controllers , expanded hard drive storage , and the Kinect motion sensing camera . The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia , turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment . Launched worldwide across 2005-2006 , the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions , including North America and Europe . The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate , indicated by the so-called Red Ring of Death , necessitating an extension of the device 's warranty period . Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console : the Xbox 360 S in 2010 , and the Xbox 360 E in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bit.Trip Presents ... Runner2 : Future Legend of Rhythm Alien', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bit.Trip_Presents..._Runner2:_Future_Legend_of_Rhythm_Alien', 'summary': 'Bit.Trip Presents . Runner2 : Future Legend of Rhythm Alien , generally shortened as Runner2 , is a 2013 side-scrolling platformer developed by Gaijin Games . The game is the direct sequel to Bit.Trip Runner and has been released as a downloadable title available on the PlayStation 3 , PlayStation Vita , Xbox 360 and Wii U consoles , Microsoft Windows , OS X , Linux and on iOS . The PC , Mac , Linux , and Wii U versions were self-published by Gaijin Games , and the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions were published by Aksys Games . Cutscenes and menus are narrated by Charles Martinet . While Runner2 has a lot in common with its predecessor , its polygonal graphics mark a significant departure from past entries in the Bit.Trip series . In an interview with Push Square , Gaijin Games co-founder Mike Roush cited the studios urge to spread its wings a bit as the inspiration behind the change . Runner2 has been well received by video game critics . The game received a sequel , Runner3 , for the Nintendo Switch and PC platforms in 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'February 27 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gaijin Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gaijin_Games', 'summary': 'Choice Provisions Inc. , formerly known as Gaijin Games Inc. prior to June 2014 , is an independent video game development studio , best known for their Bit.Trip series of video games . The studio was founded in 2007 by Alex Neuse , Mike Roush , and Chris Osborn and is located in Santa Cruz , California .'}]}, {'value': 'Xbox 360 ( XBLA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_360', 'summary': "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft . As the successor to the original Xbox , it is the second console in the Xbox series . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12 , 2005 , with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo . The Xbox 360 features an online service , Xbox Live , which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console 's lifetime . Available in free and subscription-based varieties , Xbox Live allows users to : play games online ; download games ( through Xbox Live Arcade ) and game demos ; purchase and stream music , television programs , and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals ; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications . In addition to online multimedia features , it allows users to stream media from local PCs . Several peripherals have been released , including wireless controllers , expanded hard drive storage , and the Kinect motion sensing camera . The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia , turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment . Launched worldwide across 2005-2006 , the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions , including North America and Europe . The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate , indicated by the so-called Red Ring of Death , necessitating an extension of the device 's warranty period . Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console : the Xbox 360 S in 2010 , and the Xbox 360 E in 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Xbox_Live_Arcade', 'summary': "Xbox Live Arcade ( XBLA ) is a digital video game download service available through the Xbox Games Store , Microsoft 's digital distribution network for the Xbox 360 . It focuses on smaller downloadable games from both major publishers and independent game developers . Titles range from classic console and arcade video games , to new games designed from the ground up for the service . Games available through the XBLA service range from $ 5-20 in price , and as of October 2016 , there have been 719 Xbox Live Arcade titles released for the Xbox 360 . Prior to the Xbox 360 , Xbox Live Arcade was the name for an online distribution network on the original Xbox , which was replaced by the Xbox Live Marketplace ."}]}, {'value': 'A.R.E.S : Extinction Agenda EX', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A.R.E.S.:_Extinction_Agenda', 'summary': 'A.R.E.S . Extinction Agenda is a 2.5D side-scrolling action platform available for Microsoft Windows . It was developed by a Thai independent developer Extend Studio .'}]}, {'value': 'October 2 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Extend Studio', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Xbox 360 ( XBLA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_360', 'summary': "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft . As the successor to the original Xbox , it is the second console in the Xbox series . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12 , 2005 , with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo . The Xbox 360 features an online service , Xbox Live , which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console 's lifetime . Available in free and subscription-based varieties , Xbox Live allows users to : play games online ; download games ( through Xbox Live Arcade ) and game demos ; purchase and stream music , television programs , and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals ; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications . In addition to online multimedia features , it allows users to stream media from local PCs . Several peripherals have been released , including wireless controllers , expanded hard drive storage , and the Kinect motion sensing camera . The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia , turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment . Launched worldwide across 2005-2006 , the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions , including North America and Europe . The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate , indicated by the so-called Red Ring of Death , necessitating an extension of the device 's warranty period . Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console : the Xbox 360 S in 2010 , and the Xbox 360 E in 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Xbox_Live_Arcade', 'summary': "Xbox Live Arcade ( XBLA ) is a digital video game download service available through the Xbox Games Store , Microsoft 's digital distribution network for the Xbox 360 . It focuses on smaller downloadable games from both major publishers and independent game developers . Titles range from classic console and arcade video games , to new games designed from the ground up for the service . Games available through the XBLA service range from $ 5-20 in price , and as of October 2016 , there have been 719 Xbox Live Arcade titles released for the Xbox 360 . Prior to the Xbox 360 , Xbox Live Arcade was the name for an online distribution network on the original Xbox , which was replaced by the Xbox Live Marketplace ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Video games -- Console games', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Aksys_Games_5', 'intro': "Aksys Games Localization, Inc. is a video game publisher that specializes in translating and localizing Japanese video games for English-speaking markets. It was founded by Akibo Shieh in 2006. Some of its clients include Namco Bandai Games, Xseed Games, and Atlus USA. Aksys Games is best known for its involvement in the Guilty Gear series. It has become a full-fledged game publisher with the announcement of Eagle Eye Golf for PlayStation 2, and has expressed a desire to publish for all current platforms from Microsoft, Nintendo, and Sony. The company's name is coincidentally similar to Arc System Works, with whom it has a partnership. Despite their similar names, and the partnership between them, neither company owns the other. Aksys Games publishes many games for Arc System Works in North America, and has even assisted the latter in releasing the Bit.Trip series in Japan. Aksys is also the North American distributor for the European publisher Rising Star Games."}	null	null	what is the first name person who led the development of the game released in 2007 in Japanese arcades by the developer located in Yokohama ?	Emiko
0a33047c4858b34e	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss', 'title': 'Richard Dreyfuss', 'header': ['Year', 'Work', 'Role', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karen_(1964_TV_series)', 'summary': 'Karen is an American sitcom that stars Debbie Watson in the title role of 16-year-old Karen Scott , and Gina Gillespie as the tomboyish little sister Mimi .'}]}, {'value': 'David Rowe III', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Episode : Karen 's Simplicity Complex", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peyton Place', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peyton_Place_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Peyton Place is an American prime-time soap opera which aired on ABC in half-hour episodes from September 15 , 1964 , to June 2 , 1969 . Loosely based upon the 1956 novel of the same name by Grace Metalious , the series was preceded by a 1957 film adaptation . A total of 514 episodes were broadcast , in black-and-white from 1964 to 1966 and in color from 1966 to 1969 . The first color episode is episode # 268 . At the show 's peak , ABC ran three new episodes a week . The program was produced by 20th Century Fox Television . A number of guest stars appeared in the series for extended periods , among them Dan Duryea , Susan Oliver , Leslie Nielsen , Gena Rowlands , and Lee Grant , who won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Drama for her role of tough-as-nails Stella Chernak . The series served as the springboard for such performers as Mia Farrow , Ryan O'Neal , Barbara Parkins , Christopher Connelly , David Canary , Mariette Hartley , and Lana Wood ."}]}, {'value': 'Cap and Gown Student ( Uncredited )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : 1/94', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gidget', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gidget_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Gidget is an American sitcom by Screen Gems about a surfing , boy-crazy teenager called Gidget and her widowed father Russ Lawrence , a UCLA professor . Sally Field stars as Gidget with Don Porter as father Russell Lawrence . The series was first broadcast on ABC from September 15 , 1965 to April 21 , 1966 . Reruns were aired until September 1 , 1966 . Gidget was among the first regularly scheduled color programs on ABC . With a Wednesday night time slot that put it in direct competition with The Beverly Hillbillies , it did poorly in the Nielsen ratings and was canceled at the end of its first season .'}]}, {'value': 'Norman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Ego-a-Go-Go', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bewitched', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bewitched', 'summary': "Bewitched is an American television sitcom fantasy series , originally broadcast for eight seasons on ABC from September 17 , 1964 , to March 25 , 1972 . It is about a witch who marries an ordinary mortal man , and vows to lead the life of a typical suburban housewife . The show enjoyed great popularity , finishing as the number two-rated show in America during its debut season , staying in the top ten for its first three seasons , and just missing this mark with an eleventh-place ranking for both seasons four and five . The show continues to be seen throughout the world in syndication and on recorded media . Bewitched was created by Sol Saks under executive director Harry Ackerman , and starred Elizabeth Montgomery as Samantha Stephens ; Dick York ( 1964-1969 ) as Darrin Stephens , her husband ; Agnes Moorehead as Endora , Samantha 's mother ; David White as Larry Tate , Darrin 's boss ; Irene Vernon ( 1964-1966 ) and later Kasey Rogers ( 1966-1972 ) as Louise Tate , Larry 's wife ; Alice Pearce ( 1964-1966 ) as Gladys Kravitz ; George Tobias ( 1964-1971 ) as her husband Abner Kravitz ; and Erin Murphy ( 1966-1972 ) as Tabitha Stephens . Dick Sargent replaced an ailing York for the final three seasons ( 1969-1972 ) . In 1966 , Sandra Gould took over the part of Gladys Kravitz ( 1966-1971 ) when Alice Pearce died . Annual semi-regulars included Maurice Evans as Maurice , Samantha 's father ; Marion Lorne as Samantha 's Aunt Clara ( 1964-1968 ) ; Alice Ghostley as Esmeralda , Samantha 's babysitter ( 1969-1972 ) ; Paul Lynde as Samantha 's Uncle Arthur ( 1965-1971 ) ; Mabel Albertson as Darrin 's mother Phyllis Stephens ( 1964-1971 ) ; and Robert F. Simon and Roy Roberts alternating the role of Frank Stephens , Darrin 's father ( 1964-1971 ) . In 2002 , Bewitched was ranked # 50 on TV Guide 's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time . In 1997 , the same magazine ranked the season 2 episode Divided He Falls # 48 on their list of the 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time ."}]}, {'value': 'Rodney', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Episode : Man 's Best Friend", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Big Valley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Big_Valley', 'summary': "The Big Valley is an American Western drama television series which ran on the American Broadcasting Company Network ( ABC ) from September 15 , 1965 , to May 19 , 1969 - comprising 4 seasons . The series is set in the mid-late 1800s on the fictional Barkley Ranch in Stockton , California . The one-hour episodes follow the lives of the Barkley family , one of the wealthiest and largest ranch owning families in Stockton , led by the matriarch Victoria Barkley ( Barbara Stanwyck ) and her sons Jerrod ( Richard Long ) , Heath ( Lee Majors ) , Nick ( Peter Breck ) , and daughter Audra ( Linda Evans ) . The series begins approximately 6 years after the death of the family patriarch , Thomas Barkley . Although he is never shown in the series ( other than a painting ) , the character of Thomas Barkley is referred to as a major plot point many times . The character of Heath Barkley is introduced in episode one as the illegitimate son of Tom Barkley . His presence and claim to the Barkley name is the focus of much of the dramatic plots in season one . While the successful and rich are often portrayed , in present day , as the unscrupulous villains , the Barkley family are portrayed as the upstanding citizens of Stockton , modeling justice , fairness , and oftentimes , going against popular sentiment to uphold the underdog 's rights . The series was created by A.I . Bezzerides and Louis F. Edelman and produced by Levy-Gardner-Laven for Four Star Television ."}]}, {'value': 'Lud Akley', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Boy Into Man', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Judd , for the Defense', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Judd,_for_the_Defense', 'summary': 'Judd , for the Defense was an American legal drama originally broadcast on the ABC network on Friday nights from September 8 , 1967 , to September 19 , 1969 .'}]}, {'value': 'Larry Corning', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Weep the Hunter Home', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Ghost & Mrs. Muir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Ghost_&_Mrs._Muir_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'The Ghost & Mrs. Muir is an American sitcom based on the 1947 film of the same name , which was based on the 1945 novel by R. A. Dick . It premiered in September 1968 on NBC . After NBC cancelled the series , it aired on ABC for one season before being cancelled a final time .'}]}, {'value': 'Mark Finley', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Buried on Page One', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1970 , 1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Mod Squad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Mod_Squad', 'summary': "The Mod Squad is an American crime drama series that ran on ABC from 1968 to 1973 . It starred Michael Cole as Peter Pete Cochran , Peggy Lipton as Julie Barnes , Clarence Williams III as Lincoln Linc Hayes , and Tige Andrews as Captain Adam Greer . The executive producers of the series were Aaron Spelling and Danny Thomas . The counterculture police series earned six Emmy Award nominations , four Golden Globe nominations plus one win for Peggy Lipton , one Directors Guild of America Award , and four Logies . In 1997 , a 1970 episode Mother of Sorrow was ranked # 95 on TV Guide 's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time ."}]}, {'value': 'Curtis Bell / Caleb Dunne', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gunsmoke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gunsmoke', 'summary': 'Gunsmoke is an American radio and television Western drama series created by director Norman Macdonnell and writer John Meston . The stories take place in and around Dodge City , Kansas , during the settlement of the American West . The central character is lawman Marshal Matt Dillon , played by William Conrad on radio and James Arness on television . When aired in the United Kingdom , the television series was initially titled Gun Law , later reverting to Gunsmoke . The radio series ran from 1952 to 1961 . John Dunning wrote that among radio drama enthusiasts , Gunsmoke is routinely placed among the best shows of any kind and any time . The television series ran for 20 seasons from 1955 to 1975 , and lasted for 635 episodes . At the end of its run in 1975 , Los Angeles Times columnist Cecil Smith wrote : Gunsmoke was the dramatization of the American epic legend of the west . Our own Iliad and Odyssey , created from standard elements of the dime novel and the pulp Western as romanticized by [ Ned ] Buntline , [ Bret ] Harte , and [ Mark ] Twain . It was ever the stuff of legend .'}]}, {'value': 'Gearshon Gorofsky', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : This Golden Land', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Touch of Grace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Touch_of_Grace', 'summary': "A Touch of Grace is an American sitcom that was based on the British series For the Love of Ada starring Shirley Booth and J. Patrick O'Malley centering on a widow who moves in with her daughter and son-in-law and her romantic relationship with an elderly man . It aired on ABC from January 20 to April 21 , 1973 ."}]}, {'value': 'Donald', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : The Accident', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Me', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hollywood Television Theater ; later retitled Untold Damage', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victory at Entebbe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victory_at_Entebbe', 'summary': 'Victory at Entebbe is a 1976 American made-for-television action-drama film for broadcast on ABC , directed by Marvin J. Chomsky . The film starred Helmut Berger , Linda Blair , Anthony Hopkins , Burt Lancaster , Elizabeth Taylor , Richard Dreyfuss , and Kirk Douglas . Julius Harris portrayed Idi Amin , following the fatal heart attack suffered by the actor originally cast in the role , Godfrey Cambridge . [ Note 1 ] The film was theatrically released in Europe . Victory at Entebbe is based on the actual event Operation Entebbe , the raid on Entebbe Airport ( now Entebbe International Airport ) in Uganda and the freeing of Israeli hostages on July 4 , 1976 . It was the first of three films made in the 1970s based on the Entebbe Raid . The other two , Raid on Entebbe ( 1977 ) and Operation Thunderbolt ( 1977 ) soon followed . A fourth film , Entebbe ( titled 7 Days in Entebbe in the U.S. ) was released over four decades later in 2018 .'}]}, {'value': "Colonel Yonatan 'Yoni ' Netanyahu", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yonatan_Netanyahu', 'summary': "Yonatan Yoni Netanyahu was an Israel Defense Forces ( IDF ) officer who commanded the elite commando unit Sayeret Matkal during Operation Entebbe , an operation to rescue hostages held at Entebbe Airport in Uganda in 1976 . The mission was successful , with 102 of the 106 hostages rescued , but Netanyahu was killed in action - the only IDF fatality during the operation . The eldest son of the Israeli professor Benzion Netanyahu , Yonatan was born in New York City and spent much of his youth in the United States , where he attended high school . After serving in the IDF during the Six-Day War of 1967 , he briefly attended Harvard University before transferring to Jerusalem 's Hebrew University in 1968 ; soon thereafter he left his studies and returned to the IDF . He joined Sayeret Matkal in the early 1970s and was awarded the Medal of Distinguished Service for his conduct in the Yom Kippur War of 1973 . After his death Operation Entebbe was renamed Operation Yonatan in his honour . Netanyahu 's younger brother , Benjamin Netanyahu , has been Prime Minister of Israel since 2009 , and also served in that office between 1996 and 1999 . Both Benjamin and their younger brother , Iddo Netanyahu , served in Sayeret Matkal ."}]}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Funny , You Do n't Look 200 : A Constitutional Vaudeville", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Himself ( host )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV special on ABC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation', 'summary': "The Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) is Australia 's national broadcaster , founded in 1929 . It is principally funded by the direct grants from the Australian government but is expressly independent of government and partisan politics . The ABC plays a leading role in journalistic independence and is fundamental in the history of broadcasting in Australia . Modeled on the BBC in the United Kingdom , which is owned and controlled by the UK government , the ABC was originally financed by consumer licence fees on broadcast receivers . Licence fees were abolished in 1973 and replaced principally by direct government grants , as well as revenue from commercial activities related to its core broadcasting mission . The ABC now provides radio , television , online and mobile services throughout metropolitan and regional Australia and overseas through ABC Australia and Radio Australia . The ABC 's headquarters is in Ultimo , an inner-city suburb of Sydney , New South Wales ."}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prisoner of Honor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prisoner_of_Honor', 'summary': 'Prisoner of Honor is a 1991 British made-for-television drama film directed by Ken Russell and starring Richard Dreyfuss , Oliver Reed and Peter Firth . It was made by Warner Bros. Television and distributed by HBO , and centers on the famous Dreyfus Affair . Richard Dreyfuss co-produced the film with Judith James , from a screenplay by Ron Hutchinson .'}]}, {'value': 'Col. Picquart', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Television film ; also producer', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oliver Twist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oliver_Twist_(1997_film)', 'summary': "Oliver Twist is a 1997 American made-for-television film based on Charles Dickenss 1839 novel of the same title . The film was directed by Tony Bill , written by Monte Merrick and Stephen Sommers , and produced by Walt Disney Television . It stars Richard Dreyfuss , Elijah Wood , David O'Hara , and Alex Trench as the titular character . As in most film adaptations of this novel , Monks , Oliver 's half-brother , is not in the film . There are other changes as well . The bookseller does not testify for Oliver at his trial , but Rose Maylie does . Most of the changes are minor , but a major one is that when Oliver is taken in by Fagin 's gang he himself , and not the Widow Corney , is in possession of his mother 's locket , and Oliver has come to London , not just to seek his fortune , but to discover his true identity . Mr. Bumble , Corney 's assistant , is only in one scene , and the Widow Corney 's role is expanded . And , as in the musical and the 1968 film Oliver ! , Nancy is murdered at London Bridge , not in her bedroom as in the novel . Oliver Twist premiered on ABC as part of The Wonderful World of Disney on November 16 , 1997 ."}]}, {'value': 'Fagin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fagin', 'summary': "Fagin /ˈfeɪɡɪn/ is a fictional character and a main antagonist in Charles Dickens ' novel Oliver Twist . In the preface to the novel , he is described as a receiver of stolen goods . He is the leader of a group of children ( the Artful Dodger and Charley Bates among them ) who he teaches to make their livings by pickpocketing and other criminal activities , in exchange for shelter . A distinguishing trait is his constant - and insincere - use of the phrase my dear when addressing others . At the time of the novel , he is said by another character , Monks , to have already made criminals out of scores of children . Nancy , who is the lover of Bill Sikes ( the novel 's lead villain ) , is confirmed to be Fagin 's former pupil . Fagin is a confessed miser who , despite the wealth he has acquired , does very little to improve the squalid lives of the children he guards , or his own . In the second chapter of his appearance , he is shown ( when talking to himself ) that he cares less for their welfare , than that they do not peach ( inform ) on him and the other children . Still darker sides to the character 's nature are shown when he beats the Artful Dodger for not bringing Oliver back ; in his attempted beating of Oliver for trying to escape ; and in his own involvement with various plots and schemes throughout the story . He indirectly but intentionally causes the death of Nancy by falsely informing Sikes that she had betrayed him , when in reality she had shielded Sikes from the law , whereupon Sikes kills her . Near the end of the book , Fagin is captured and sentenced to be hanged , in a chapter that portrays him as pitiable in his anguish . In popular culture , Fagin ( or at least his name ) is used in comparison with adults who use children for illegal activities ."}]}, {'value': 'Television film ; also producer', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lansky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lansky_(film)', 'summary': 'Lansky is a 1999 American made-for-television crime drama film directed by John McNaughton and starring Richard Dreyfuss as the famous gangster Meyer Lansky , Eric Roberts as Bugsy Siegel , and Ryan Merriman as the young Lansky .'}]}, {'value': 'Meyer Lansky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Meyer_Lansky', 'summary': "Meyer Lansky ( born Meier Suchowlański ; July 4 , 1902 - January 15 , 1983 ) , known as the Mob 's Accountant , was an American major organized crime figure who , along with his associate Charles Lucky Luciano , was instrumental in the development of the National Crime Syndicate in the United States . Associated with the Jewish mob , Lansky developed a gambling empire that stretched across the world . He was said to own points ( percentages ) in casinos in Las Vegas , Cuba , The Bahamas and London . Although a member of the Jewish mob , Lansky undoubtedly had strong influence with the Italian-American Mafia and played a large role in the consolidation of the criminal underworld . The full extent of this role has been the subject of some debate , as Lansky himself denied many of the accusations against him . Despite nearly fifty years as a member-participant in organized crime , Lansky was never found guilty of anything more serious than illegal gambling . He has a legacy of being one of the most financially successful gangsters in American history . Before he fled Cuba , he was said to be worth an estimated $ 20 million ( equivalent to $ 193 million in 2019 ) . However , when he died in 1983 , his family was shocked to learn that his estate was worth around $ 57,000 ."}]}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fail Safe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fail_Safe_(2000_film)', 'summary': 'Fail Safe is a 2000 televised broadcast play , based on Fail-Safe , the Cold War novel by Eugene Burdick and Harvey Wheeler . The play , broadcast live in black and white on CBS , starred George Clooney , Richard Dreyfuss , Harvey Keitel , and Noah Wyle , and was one of the few live dramas on American television since its so-called Golden Age in the 1950s and 1960s . The broadcast was introduced by Walter Cronkite ( his introduction , also broadcast in black and white , is included in the DVD releases of the film ) : it was directed by veteran British filmmaker Stephen Frears . The novel was first adapted into a 1964 film of the same name directed by Sidney Lumet ; the TV version is shorter than the 1964 film due to commercial airtime and omits a number of subplots .'}]}, {'value': 'President of the United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001-2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Education of Max Bickford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Education_of_Max_Bickford', 'summary': "The Education of Max Bickford is an American drama television series that aired Sundays at 8:00 pm ( EST ) on CBS from September 23 , 2001 to June 2 , 2002 , during the 2001-02 television season . After a strong initial launch , the show 's audience 'dropped sharply afterward ' despite its prime time slot following 60 Minutes . Within a month , two of its three executive producers were removed and reports claimed the show was being 'overhauled ' , though CBS denied this , preferring the term 'creative adjustments ' . In May 2002 , Touched by an Angel was returned to its Sunday 8:00 pm slot , bumping the second-to-last episode of The Education of Max Bickford to Monday . In June 2002 , the final episode aired and the show was not renewed ."}]}, {'value': 'Max Bickford', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22 episodes ; also producer Nominated - Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Male_Actor_in_a_Drama_Series', 'summary': 'The Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series is an award given by the Screen Actors Guild to honor the finest acting achievements in Dramatic Television .'}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mr. Dreyfuss Goes To Washington', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Himself ( host )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV special on History Channel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/History_Channel', 'summary': "History ( formerly The History Channel from 1995 to 2008 ) is a pay television network that is owned by A+E Networks , a joint venture between Hearst Communications and the Disney Media Networks division of the Walt Disney Company . The network was originally focused on history-based documentaries and historical fiction series though , during the late 2000s , History would drift into male-oriented reality television programming . In addition to this change in format , the network is also criticized by many scientists , historians , and skeptics for broadcasting pseudodocumentaries and unsubstantiated , sensational investigative programming . As of February 2015 , around 96,149,000 American households ( 82.6% of households with television ) receive the network 's flagship channel , History . International localized versions of History are available , in various forms , in India , Canada , Europe , Australia , the Middle East , Africa , and Latin America ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Day Reagan Was Shot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Day_Reagan_Was_Shot', 'summary': 'The Day Reagan Was Shot is a 2001 American made-for-television film drama film directed by Cyrus Nowrasteh and co-produced by Oliver Stone . The film stars Richard Dreyfuss as Alexander Haig and Richard Crenna as Ronald Reagan , and co-stars Michael Murphy , Holland Taylor , Kenneth Welsh and Colm Feore .'}]}, {'value': 'Alexander Haig', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_Haig', 'summary': "Alexander Meigs Haig Jr. ( /heɪɡ/ ; December 2 , 1924 - February 20 , 2010 ) was the United States Secretary of State under President Ronald Reagan and the White House chief of staff under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford . Prior to these cabinet-level positions , he retired as a general from the United States Army , having been Supreme Allied Commander Europe after serving as the vice chief of staff of the Army . Born in Bala Cynwyd , Pennsylvania , Haig served in the Korean War after graduating from the United States Military Academy . In the Korean War , he served as an aide to General Alonzo Patrick Fox and General Edward Almond . After the war , he served as an aide to Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara . During the Vietnam War , Haig commanded a battalion and later a brigade of the 1st Infantry Division . For his service , Haig was a recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross , the Silver Star with oak leaf cluster , and the Purple Heart . In 1969 Haig became an assistant to National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger . He became vice chief of staff of the Army , the second-highest-ranking position in the Army , in 1972 . After the 1973 resignation of H. R. Haldeman , Haig became President Nixon 's chief of staff . Serving in the wake of the Watergate scandal , he became especially influential in the final months of Nixon 's tenure , and played a role in persuading Nixon to resign in August 1974 . Haig continued to serve as chief of staff for the first month of President Ford 's tenure ."}]}, {'value': 'Television film Satellite Award for Best Actor - Miniseries or Television Film Nominated - Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Satellite_Award_for_Best_Actor_–_Miniseries_or_Television_Film', 'summary': 'Satellite Award for Best Actor - Miniseries or Television Film is one of the categories of the annual Satellite Awards in film and television . Many of the recipients have also been awarded or nominated for Primetime Emmy Awards .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Male_Actor_in_a_Miniseries_or_Television_Movie', 'summary': 'The Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie is an award given by the Screen Actors Guild to honor the finest acting achievements in Miniseries or Television Movie .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Television', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Richard_Dreyfuss_1', 'intro': "Richard Stephen Dreyfuss (/ˈdraɪfəs/; né Dreyfus; born October 29, 1947) is an American actor best known for starring in popular films between the 1970s and 1990s, including American Graffiti, Jaws, Stand by Me, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Down and Out in Beverly Hills, The Goodbye Girl, Tin Men,\nStakeout, Always, What About Bob? and Mr. Holland's Opus. Dreyfuss won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1978 for The Goodbye Girl, and was nominated in 1995 for Mr. Holland's Opus. He has also won a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA Award, and was nominated in 2002 for Screen Actors Guild Awards in the Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series and Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries categories."}	null	null	Which role did Richard Dreyfuss play for the work that was an American legal drama originally broadcast on the ABC network on Friday nights ?	Larry Corning
0a33ec33d0ffcf1b	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Carter', 'title': 'Ali Carter', 'header': ['Outcome', 'No', 'Year', 'Championship', 'Opponent in the final', 'Score'], 'data': [{'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_World_Snooker_Championship', 'summary': "The 2008 World Snooker Championship ( also referred to as the 2008 888.com World Snooker Championship for the purposes of sponsorship ) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 19 April and 5 May 2008 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield , England . John Higgins was the defending champion , but he lost in the second round 9-13 against Ryan Day . Ronnie O'Sullivan won his third world title by defeating Ali Carter 18-8 in the final . It was O'Sullivan 's 20th ranking title . The tournament was sponsored by online casino 888.com ."}]}, {'value': 'World Snooker Championship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/World_Snooker_Championship', 'summary': "The World Snooker Championship is the leading snooker tournament both in terms of prestige and prize money . The first championship was held in 1927 and was won by Joe Davis . Davis won the first 15 championships before retiring from the event , undefeated , after his 1946 success . In the 1950s snooker went into a period of decline and the championship was not held after 1952 , although an unofficial championship was held until 1957 . In 1964 the championship was revived on a challenge basis and in 1969 the championship became a knock-out event again . Since 1977 it has been played at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield , England . The tournament is currently played over 17 days and ends on the first Monday in May . In the modern era ( since 1969 ) , the best record is that of Stephen Hendry , who won the title seven times . Steve Davis and Ray Reardon both won six times while Ronnie O'Sullivan has won five titles . The current champion is Judd Trump , whose 2019 win was his first ."}]}, {'value': "Ronnie O'Sullivan", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ronnie_O'Sullivan", 'summary': "Ronald Antonio O'Sullivan OBE ( born 5 December 1975 ) is an English professional snooker player who is one of the most successful players in the history of the sport . Since turning professional in 1992 , he has won five World Championships , a record seven Masters titles , and a record seven UK Championships , setting a record total of 19 titles in Triple Crown tournaments . He shares the record for the most ranking titles ( 36 ) with Stephen Hendry and also holds the record as the youngest winner of a ranking title ( 1993 UK Championship , aged 17 years and 358 days ) as well as the youngest winner of the Masters ( in 1995 , aged 19 years and 69 days ) . In the 2017/2018 season , O'Sullivan won five ranking events in a single season , a record that he shares with Hendry , Ding Junhui and Mark Selby . His career prize money of over £11 million is the highest amount earned by any player in snooker history . A prolific break-builder , O'Sullivan is the only player to have reached 1,000 career century breaks . He has also achieved the highest number of officially recognized maximum breaks in professional competition ( 15 ) , and the fastest competitive maximum break , compiled in a time of 5 minutes and 8 seconds at the 1997 World Championship . He first became world number one in the 2002/2003 season and held the position for five out of eight seasons , ending in May 2010 . He regained the top ranking in March 2019 after a nine-year absence , the longest time any player has spent between spells as world number one , and held it until August 2019 . O'Sullivan has often been a controversial figure in the sport . Noted for his unpredictable temperament and his struggles with alcohol , drugs , and depression , he has received many warnings and sanctions from the sport 's governing body over his conduct and comments . He took a prolonged break from the sport during the 2012/2013 season and is known for repeatedly declaring his intention to retire ."}]}, {'value': '8-18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_Welsh_Open_(snooker)', 'summary': 'The 2009 Welsh Open was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 16 and 22 February 2009 at the Newport Centre in Newport , Wales . The defending champion was Mark Selby , but he lost in the quarter-finals against Anthony Hamilton . Ali Carter won his first ranking tournament by defeating Joe Swail 9-5 in the final , having come back from 2-5 down . This was the first ranking final refereed by Colin Humphries .'}]}, {'value': 'Welsh Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Welsh_Open_(snooker)', 'summary': "The Welsh Open is a professional ranking snooker tournament , a part of the Home Nations Series . It replaced the Welsh Professional Championship , which started in 1980 and was only open to Welsh players . Since the tournament 's creation in 1992 , Mark Williams has been the only Welsh player to win the championship ( in 1996 and 1999 ) . John Higgins holds the record for the most wins , with five Welsh Open titles . Ronnie O'Sullivan has won four titles , while Stephen Hendry has won the tournament three times . Shaun Murphy is the reigning champion ."}]}, {'value': 'Joe Swail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Swail', 'summary': 'Joe Swail ( born 29 August 1969 ) is a former professional snooker player from Belfast , Northern Ireland . He retired in May 2019 after being relegated from the tour . He has reached ten major ranking semi-finals , including the 2000 and 2001 World Championships but only one final . Swail is renowned for playing well at the Crucible Theatre , having reached the last 16 on four further occasions . He is also a former English amateur champion and Northern Ireland amateur runner-up , and has captained Northern Ireland internationally . He was Irish champion in 1992 and 2005 .'}]}, {'value': '9-5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_Welsh_Open_(snooker)', 'summary': 'The 2010 Totesport.com Welsh Open was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 25-31 January 2010 at the Newport Centre in Newport , Wales . This was the first time that the Welsh Open was sponsored by Totesport.com . John Higgins won in the final 9-4 against defending champion Ali Carter .'}]}, {'value': 'Welsh Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Welsh_Open_(snooker)', 'summary': "The Welsh Open is a professional ranking snooker tournament , a part of the Home Nations Series . It replaced the Welsh Professional Championship , which started in 1980 and was only open to Welsh players . Since the tournament 's creation in 1992 , Mark Williams has been the only Welsh player to win the championship ( in 1996 and 1999 ) . John Higgins holds the record for the most wins , with five Welsh Open titles . Ronnie O'Sullivan has won four titles , while Stephen Hendry has won the tournament three times . Shaun Murphy is the reigning champion ."}]}, {'value': 'John Higgins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Higgins_(snooker_player)', 'summary': "John Higgins , MBE ( born 18 May 1975 ) is a Scottish professional snooker player . Since turning professional in 1992 , he has won 30 ranking titles , including four World Championships and three UK Championships , as well as two Masters titles , making him one of the most successful players in the history of the sport . In terms of world titles in the modern era , Higgins is fifth behind Stephen Hendry ( 7 ) , Steve Davis ( 6 ) , Ray Reardon ( 6 ) and Ronnie O'Sullivan ( 5 ) . His 30 career ranking titles puts him in third place behind Hendry ( 36 ) and O'Sullivan ( 36 ) . Known as a prolific break-builder , he has compiled more than 750 century breaks in professional tournament play , second only to O'Sullivan . He has also compiled 9 competitive maximum breaks , placing him third behind O'Sullivan ( 15 ) and Hendry ( 11 ) . For 16 consecutive full seasons from 1996/1997 to 2011/2012 , Higgins never fell below 6th in the world rankings , and was world number 1 on four occasions . In 2010 , the News of the World tabloid newspaper carried out a sting operation in a hotel room in Ukraine , which claimed to show Higgins and his then-manager arranging to lose specific frames in future matches for money . Although an investigation cleared Higgins of match-fixing allegations , it found that he had brought the sport into disrepute by failing to report , and giving the impression of agreeing with , an invitation to breach the sport 's betting rules . The WPBSA banned Higgins from professional competition for six months and fined him £75,000 . He returned to the tour midway through the 2010/2011 season . After his return to snooker , Higgins added a third UK Championship title and claimed his fourth world title in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '4-9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_Shanghai_Masters', 'summary': "The 2010 Roewe Shanghai Masters was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 6-12 September 2010 at the Shanghai Grand Stage in Shanghai , China . Ronnie O'Sullivan was the defending champion , but he withdrew due to personal reasons . Ali Carter won in the final 10-7 against Jamie Burnett ."}]}, {'value': 'Shanghai Masters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shanghai_Masters_(snooker)', 'summary': "The Shanghai Masters is a professional snooker tournament . Originally a ranking event but in 2018 it became a non-ranking invitation event . Ronnie O'Sullivan is the reigning champion . Ronnie O'Sullivan won the 2018 title , the first time it has been defended ."}]}, {'value': 'Jamie Burnett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamie_Burnett', 'summary': "Jamie Burnett ( born 16 September 1975 ) is a Scottish former professional snooker player from Hamilton , South Lanarkshire . A journeyman , Burnett was ranked within the world 's top 64 players for 20 consecutive years between 1996 and 2016 , reaching his career best ranking , 27th , in 1999 . He appeared in one major final , at the 2010 Shanghai Masters , where he lost 10-7 to Ali Carter , and reached the final of one minor-ranking event , the 2012 Gdynia Open , where Neil Robertson beat him 4-3 ."}]}, {'value': '10-7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_World_Snooker_Championship', 'summary': "The 2012 World Snooker Championship ( also referred to as the 2012 Betfred.com World Snooker Championship for the purposes of sponsorship ) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place from 21 April to 7 May 2012 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield , England . It was the 36th consecutive year that the World Snooker Championship had been held at the Crucible and the last ranking event of the 2011/2012 season . Ronnie O'Sullivan won his fourth world title by defeating Ali Carter 18-11 in the final . Aged 36 , and just 55 days older than Dennis Taylor when winning the title in 1985 , O'Sullivan became the oldest world champion since 45-year-old Ray Reardon in 1978 . John Higgins , the defending champion , lost 4-13 to Stephen Hendry in the second round . On the opening day of the televised stage Hendry made the 88th official maximum break , his third at the Crucible and the 11th of his career . He announced his retirement from professional snooker following his defeat by Stephen Maguire in the quarter-finals . The tournament was sponsored by online casino Betfred.com ."}]}, {'value': 'World Snooker Championship ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/World_Snooker_Championship', 'summary': "The World Snooker Championship is the leading snooker tournament both in terms of prestige and prize money . The first championship was held in 1927 and was won by Joe Davis . Davis won the first 15 championships before retiring from the event , undefeated , after his 1946 success . In the 1950s snooker went into a period of decline and the championship was not held after 1952 , although an unofficial championship was held until 1957 . In 1964 the championship was revived on a challenge basis and in 1969 the championship became a knock-out event again . Since 1977 it has been played at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield , England . The tournament is currently played over 17 days and ends on the first Monday in May . In the modern era ( since 1969 ) , the best record is that of Stephen Hendry , who won the title seven times . Steve Davis and Ray Reardon both won six times while Ronnie O'Sullivan has won five titles . The current champion is Judd Trump , whose 2019 win was his first ."}]}, {'value': "Ronnie O'Sullivan", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ronnie_O'Sullivan", 'summary': "Ronald Antonio O'Sullivan OBE ( born 5 December 1975 ) is an English professional snooker player who is one of the most successful players in the history of the sport . Since turning professional in 1992 , he has won five World Championships , a record seven Masters titles , and a record seven UK Championships , setting a record total of 19 titles in Triple Crown tournaments . He shares the record for the most ranking titles ( 36 ) with Stephen Hendry and also holds the record as the youngest winner of a ranking title ( 1993 UK Championship , aged 17 years and 358 days ) as well as the youngest winner of the Masters ( in 1995 , aged 19 years and 69 days ) . In the 2017/2018 season , O'Sullivan won five ranking events in a single season , a record that he shares with Hendry , Ding Junhui and Mark Selby . His career prize money of over £11 million is the highest amount earned by any player in snooker history . A prolific break-builder , O'Sullivan is the only player to have reached 1,000 career century breaks . He has also achieved the highest number of officially recognized maximum breaks in professional competition ( 15 ) , and the fastest competitive maximum break , compiled in a time of 5 minutes and 8 seconds at the 1997 World Championship . He first became world number one in the 2002/2003 season and held the position for five out of eight seasons , ending in May 2010 . He regained the top ranking in March 2019 after a nine-year absence , the longest time any player has spent between spells as world number one , and held it until August 2019 . O'Sullivan has often been a controversial figure in the sport . Noted for his unpredictable temperament and his struggles with alcohol , drugs , and depression , he has received many warnings and sanctions from the sport 's governing body over his conduct and comments . He took a prolonged break from the sport during the 2012/2013 season and is known for repeatedly declaring his intention to retire ."}]}, {'value': '11-18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_German_Masters', 'summary': "The 2013 Betfair German Masters was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 30 January-3 February 2013 at the Tempodrom in Berlin , Germany . It was the sixth ranking event of the 2012/2013 season . Ronnie O'Sullivan was the defending champion , but he decided not to compete this year . Ali Carter won his third ranking title by defeating Marco Fu 9-6 in the final ."}]}, {'value': 'German Masters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_Masters', 'summary': 'The German Masters is a professional ranking snooker tournament , which was first held in 1995 . Judd Trump is the reigning champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Marco Fu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marco_Fu', 'summary': "Marco Fu Ka-chun , MH , JP ( Chinese : 傅家俊 , born 8 January 1978 ) is a Hong Kong professional snooker player . He won the 2007 Grand Prix , beating Ronnie O'Sullivan in the final , and was the runner-up in the 2008 UK Championship and the 2011 Masters . He also won the 2013 Australian Goldfields Open and the 2016 Scottish Open and was runner-up in the 2013 German Masters and 2013 International Championship . In addition , Fu reached the semi-finals of the World Championship twice - in 2006 and in 2016 . Fu 's career high world ranking is fifth , achieved in 2017 . As a prolific break-builder , Fu has compiled 500 century breaks in professional competition , including four maximum 147 breaks . He currently resides in London ."}]}, {'value': '9-6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_World_Open_(snooker)', 'summary': 'The 2016 Hanteng Autos World Open was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 25-31 July 2016 at the Yushan No.1 Middle School in Yushan , China . It was the third ranking event of the 2016/2017 season . Shaun Murphy was the defending champion , but he lost 2-5 to Joe Perry in the quarter-finals . Ali Carter won the fourth ranking title of his career , defeating Perry 10-8 in the final .'}]}, {'value': 'World Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/World_Open_(snooker)', 'summary': 'The World Open is a professional ranking snooker tournament . It had previously been known as the Professional Players Tournament , the LG Cup and the Grand Prix . During 2006 and 2007 , it was played in a unique round-robin format , more similar to association football and rugby tournaments than the knock-out systems usually played in snooker . The knock-out format returned in 2008 with an FA Cup-style draw . The random draw was abandoned after the 2010 edition . Judd Trump is the defending champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Joe Perry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Perry_(snooker_player)', 'summary': 'Joe Perry ( born 13 August 1974 ) is an English professional snooker player . Often referred to as the Fen Potter and also nicknamed the Gentleman , he was born in Wisbech , Cambridgeshire . He climbed the rankings steadily after turning professional in 1991 , and reached the top sixteen for the first time in 2002 . His first ranking final came at the 2001 European Open and he had to wait another 13 years for a second which came at the 2014 Wuxi Classic . Perry then won his first major ranking title at the 2015 Players Championship Grand Final , at the age of 40 and in his 23rd season as a professional . He also won the minor-ranking 2013 Yixing Open and 2015 Xuzhou Open . Perry reached the final of a Triple Crown tournament for the first time at the Masters in 2017 , having previously reached the UK Championship semi-finals in 2004 and 2005 , and the semi-finals of the World Championship in 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '10-8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2017_German_Masters', 'summary': 'The 2017 F66.com German Masters professional ranking snooker tournament took place between 1-5 February 2017 at the Tempodrom in Berlin , Germany . It was the twelfth ranking event of the 2016/2017 season . Martin Gould was the defending champion but he lost 2-6 against Ali Carter in the semi-finals . Tom Ford made the 128th official maximum break and the third of his career in the second frame of his 5-2 win over Peter Ebdon in the first round . Maximum breaks had already been made in the qualifying rounds by both Ali Carter and Ross Muir . Anthony Hamilton defeated Carter 9-6 to capture his first ranking title in his 26-year career , having trailed 2-5 . Aged 45 he also became the oldest ranking event winner since Doug Mountjoy was 46 winning the Classic in 1989 . He is the third oldest winner of a ranking event after Mountjoy ( 46 ) and Ray Reardon ( 50 and 45 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'German Masters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_Masters', 'summary': 'The German Masters is a professional ranking snooker tournament , which was first held in 1995 . Judd Trump is the reigning champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Anthony Hamilton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Hamilton_(snooker_player)', 'summary': "Anthony Stephen Hamilton ( born 29 June 1971 ) is an English professional snooker player noted for his strong break-building technique and distinctive appearance . He has spent five seasons ranked among the game 's top 16 , and fifteen in the top 32 , reaching a career-high of number ten in the world in the 1999/2000 season . Known as a prolific break builder , Hamilton has compiled more than 250 competitive century breaks during his career . Hamilton won his first ranking title in 2017 , beating Ali Carter 9-6 in the final of the German Masters . At age 45 he is the third oldest winner of a ranking event after Ray Reardon ( 50 and 45 ) and Doug Mountjoy ( 46 ) ."}]}, {'value': '6-9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_World_Grand_Prix', 'summary': 'The 2019 Coral World Grand Prix was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 4 to 10 February 2019 at The Centaur , Cheltenham Racecourse in Cheltenham , England . It was the twelfth ranking event of the 2018/2019 season and a part of the newly created Coral Cup . Judd Trump won his 10th ranking title , beating Ali Carter 10-6 in the final .'}]}, {'value': 'World Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/World_Grand_Prix_(snooker)', 'summary': 'The World Grand Prix is a professional ranking snooker tournament . The inaugural edition was played in 2015 at the Venue Cymru in Llandudno , Wales . The reigning champion is Neil Robertson .'}]}, {'value': 'Judd Trump', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Judd_Trump', 'summary': "Judd Trump ( born 20 August 1989 ) is an English professional snooker player from Bristol and the reigning World Champion . He enjoyed considerable success in youth tournaments before turning professional in 2005 . On 3 April 2011 , he won his first ranking title , beating Mark Selby 10-8 in the final of the China Open . Following his success in China , he reached the final of the 2011 World Championship where he finished runner-up to John Higgins . He then won the 2011 UK Championship , defeating Mark Allen 10-8 in the final to claim his first Triple Crown title . In November 2012 , Trump won the inaugural International Championship and in doing so he became world number one , a position he held for five weeks ; he reclaimed the top spot on 18 February 2013 . He won his fourth ranking title at the Australian Goldfields Open in July 2014 , defeating Neil Robertson 9-5 in the final . He won the inaugural 2015 World Grand Prix with a 10-7 final victory over Ronnie O'Sullivan . He has accrued three Championship League titles ( 2009 , 2014 , 2016 ) as well as a second win at the China Open in April 2016 . He achieved two consecutive wins at the European Masters ; in October 2016 , he defeated O'Sullivan 9-8 to claim the title , which he successfully defended the following season by defeating Stuart Bingham 9-7 . Trump claimed the Masters title in January 2019 , again defeating O'Sullivan 10-4 in the final . In May 2019 , he completed his career Triple Crown by winning the World Snooker Championship for the first time , beating Higgins 18-9 in what was described by some commentators as the highest-quality final ever played ."}]}, {'value': '6-10', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Legend World Championship ( 0–2 ) Other ( 4–3 )', 'uid': 'Ali_Carter_0', 'intro': "Allister Carter (born 25 July 1979) is an English professional snooker player. He has twice been the World Championship runner-up, in 2008 and 2012, losing both finals to Ronnie O'Sullivan. He has won four ranking titles and briefly reached number two in the world rankings in 2010. His nickname, The Captain, comes from his hobby of piloting aeroplanes. He lives in Tiptree, Essex."}	null	null	How many maximum breaks were made at the tournament first held in 1995 ?	3
0a33f304661d5bab	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_CAZA_member_zoos_and_aquariums', 'title': 'List of CAZA member zoos and aquariums', 'header': ['Name', 'Address', 'City', 'Province'], 'data': [{'value': 'African Lion Safari & Game Farm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/African_Lion_Safari', 'summary': "African Lion Safari is a family-owned safari park in Southern Ontario , Canada , straddling the cities of Hamilton and Cambridge , located 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) west of Toronto . Guests may tour seven game reserves , with a total area of about 740 acres ( 300 hectares ) , via tour buses or visitors ' own vehicles where animals roam freely in contained areas . Accompanying the game reserves is a walking section where exotic birds and primates , as well as the park 's herd of Asian elephants , are on display . African Lion Safari is an accredited member of the CAZA , and is also a member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums ( WAZA ) , the International Elephant Foundation ( IEF ) as well as the International Association of Avian Trainers and Educators ( IAATE ) ."}]}, {'value': '1386 Cooper Road', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Flamborough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Flamborough,_ON', 'summary': "Flamborough is a district and former municipality in the city of Hamilton , Ontario , Canada . For most of its existence before amalgamation with Hamilton in 2001 , Flamborough comprised the former townships of East Flamborough , West Flamborough , and Beverly , as well as the village of Waterdown . The largest suburban community is the former village of Waterdown containing perhaps one third of its thirty thousand or so inhabitants . Other Flamborough communities include Carlisle , Christie 's Corners , Clappison 's Corners , Copetown , Freelton , Greensville , Lynden , Kirkwall , Millgrove , Mountsberg , Orkney , Peter 's Corners , Rockton , Troy , Sheffield , Valens , Strabane and Westover ."}]}, {'value': 'Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario', 'summary': "Ontario is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . Located in Central Canada , it is Canada 's most populous province , with 38.3 percent of the country 's population , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest jurisdiction in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto , which is also Ontario 's provincial capital . Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west , Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north , and Quebec to the east and northeast , and to the south by the U.S. states of ( from west to east ) Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York . Almost all of Ontario 's 2,700 km ( 1,678 mi ) border with the United States follows inland waterways : from the westerly Lake of the Woods , eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system . These include Rainy River , Pigeon River , Lake Superior , St. Marys River , Lake Huron , St. Clair River , Lake St. Clair , Detroit River , Lake Erie , Niagara River , Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River from Kingston , Ontario , to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall , Ontario . There is only about 1 km ( 0.6 mi ) of land border , made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border . Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions , Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The great majority of Ontario 's population and arable land is in the south . In contrast , the larger , northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and heavy forestation ."}]}, {'value': 'Aquarium at the Club Regent Casino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_Regent_Casino', 'summary': "Club Regent Casino is a casino located in Winnipeg , Manitoba . It is one of two casinos in the city ( the other being the McPhillips Street Station Casino ) , both are owned and operated by the Manitoba Lotteries Corporation , and in turn , the Government of Manitoba . The casino opened in 1993 , after an assessment regarding the distribution of gambling revenue , was released . Connected to the casino is the Canad Inns Club Regent Hotel . The casino and hotel are located in the Winnipeg neighborhood of Transcona on Regent Avenue , and is 15 km ( 25 minute drive ) from the Winnipeg International Airport . The casino contains a McDonald 's restaurant , as well as a concert stage , on which regular comedy , and musical performances are scheduled . The casino claims its decorative style is Caribbean , but some of the interior decorations would be more accurately attributed to Aztec , Mayan , or other Mesoamerican locations . The exterior of the building is surrounded in artificial palm trees ."}]}, {'value': '1425 Regent Avenue West', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winnipeg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winnipeg,_Manitoba', 'summary': 'Winnipeg ( /ˈwɪnɪpɛɡ/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada . It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers , near the longitudinal centre of North America . The city is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg ; the name comes from the Western Cree words for muddy water . The region was a trading centre for Indigenous peoples long before the arrival of Europeans . French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738 . A settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812 , the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873 . As at 2016 [ update ] , Winnipeg is the seventh-most populated municipality in Canada , with a resident population of about 778,500 . Being far inland , the local climate is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January lows of around −21 °C ( −6 °F ) and average July highs of 26 °C ( 79 °F ) . Known as the Gateway to the West , Winnipeg is a railway and transportation hub with a diversified economy . This multicultural city hosts numerous annual festivals , including the Festival du Voyageur , the Winnipeg Folk Festival , the Jazz Winnipeg Festival , the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival , and Folklorama . Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the Pan American Games . It is home to several professional sports franchises , including the Winnipeg Blue Bombers ( Canadian football ) , the Winnipeg Jets ( ice hockey ) , Manitoba Moose ( ice hockey ) , Valour FC ( soccer ) , and the Winnipeg Goldeyes ( baseball ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Manitoba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manitoba', 'summary': "Manitoba ( /ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə/ ( listen ) ) is a province at the longitudinal centre of Canada . It is often considered one of the three prairie provinces ( with Alberta and Saskatchewan ) and is Canada 's fifth-most populous province with its estimated 1.369 million people . Manitoba covers 649,950 square kilometres ( 250,900 sq mi ) with a widely varied landscape , stretching from the northern oceanic coastline to the southern border with the United States . The province is bordered by the provinces of Ontario to the east and Saskatchewan to the west , the territories of Nunavut to the north , and Northwest Territories to the northwest , and the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota to the south . Indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Manitoba for thousands of years . In the late 17th century , fur traders arrived on two major river systems , what is now called the Nelson in northern Manitoba and in the southeast along the Winnipeg River system . A Royal Charter in 1670 granted all the lands draining into Hudson 's Bay to the British company and they administered trade in what was then called Rupert 's Land . During the next 200 years , communities continued to grow and evolve , with a significant settlement of Michif in what is now Winnipeg . The assertion of Métis identity and self-rule culminated in negotiations for the creation of the province of Manitoba . There are many factors that led to an armed uprising of the Métis people against the Government of Canada , a conflict known as the Red River Rebellion . The resolution of the assertion of the right to representation led to the Parliament of Canada passing the Manitoba Act in 1870 that created the province . Manitoba 's capital and largest city , Winnipeg , is the eighth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada ."}]}, {'value': 'Aquarium du Québec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aquarium_du_Québec', 'summary': 'Aquarium du Québec ( English : Aquarium of Quebec ) is a public aquarium located in the former city of Sainte-Foy in Quebec City , Quebec , Canada . The 16-hectare ( 40-acre ) facility is home to more than 10,000 animals representing more than 300 species . It is operated by Société des établissements de plein air du Québec ( Sépaq ) , and is a member of the Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums ( CAZA ) .'}]}, {'value': '1675 avenue des Hôtels', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sainte Foy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sainte-Foy,_Quebec', 'summary': "Sainte-Foy /seɪntˈfwɑː/ is a former city in central Quebec , Canada alongside the Saint Lawrence River . It was amalgamated into Quebec City at the start of 2002 . Most of the formerly independent municipality of Sainte-Foy is located in the borough ( French : arrondissement ) of Sainte-Foy-Sillery-Cap-Rouge - initially as one of the two constituent districts of the former borough of Sainte-Foy-Sillery . On 1 November 2009 , Sainte-Foy was subdivided into four separate districts : Cité-Universitaire , Plateau , Saint-Louis , Pointe-de-Sainte-Foy , when the borough of Sainte-Foy - Sillery - Cap-Rouge was formed . Sainte-Foy is a major suburban neighborhood west of downtown Quebec City . It plays a large part in Quebec City 's economic life , with the Jean Lesage International Airport , Université Laval , multiple shopping malls , and both bridges to the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River ."}]}, {'value': 'Quebec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec', 'summary': "Quebec ( /k ( w ) ɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario and the bodies of water James Bay and Hudson Bay ; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay ; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador ; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the U.S. states of Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , and New York . It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia . Quebec is Canada 's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division ; only the territory of Nunavut is larger . It is historically and politically considered to be part of Central Canada ( with Ontario ) . Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada , after Ontario . It is the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population , with French as the sole provincial official language . Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City , the capital . Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area , including the Island of Montreal . English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais , Eastern Townships , and Gaspé regions . The Nord-du-Québec region , occupying the northern half of the province , is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples . The climate around the major cities is four-seasons continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers , but farther north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions ."}]}, {'value': 'Assiniboine Park Zoo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Assiniboine_Park_Zoo', 'summary': 'Assiniboine Park Zoo is an 80-acre ( 32 ha ) zoo that was established in 1904 at the West end of Assiniboine Park in Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada . It is managed by the Assiniboine Park Conservancy and accredited by the Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums ( CAZA ) . The Assiniboine Park Zoo has been best known for decades for its polar bear exhibit , of which the old enclosure was replaced in 2013 with Journey to Churchill .'}]}, {'value': '2355 Corydon Avenue', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winnipeg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winnipeg,_Manitoba', 'summary': 'Winnipeg ( /ˈwɪnɪpɛɡ/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada . It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers , near the longitudinal centre of North America . The city is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg ; the name comes from the Western Cree words for muddy water . The region was a trading centre for Indigenous peoples long before the arrival of Europeans . French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738 . A settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812 , the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873 . As at 2016 [ update ] , Winnipeg is the seventh-most populated municipality in Canada , with a resident population of about 778,500 . Being far inland , the local climate is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January lows of around −21 °C ( −6 °F ) and average July highs of 26 °C ( 79 °F ) . Known as the Gateway to the West , Winnipeg is a railway and transportation hub with a diversified economy . This multicultural city hosts numerous annual festivals , including the Festival du Voyageur , the Winnipeg Folk Festival , the Jazz Winnipeg Festival , the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival , and Folklorama . Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the Pan American Games . It is home to several professional sports franchises , including the Winnipeg Blue Bombers ( Canadian football ) , the Winnipeg Jets ( ice hockey ) , Manitoba Moose ( ice hockey ) , Valour FC ( soccer ) , and the Winnipeg Goldeyes ( baseball ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Manitoba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manitoba', 'summary': "Manitoba ( /ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə/ ( listen ) ) is a province at the longitudinal centre of Canada . It is often considered one of the three prairie provinces ( with Alberta and Saskatchewan ) and is Canada 's fifth-most populous province with its estimated 1.369 million people . Manitoba covers 649,950 square kilometres ( 250,900 sq mi ) with a widely varied landscape , stretching from the northern oceanic coastline to the southern border with the United States . The province is bordered by the provinces of Ontario to the east and Saskatchewan to the west , the territories of Nunavut to the north , and Northwest Territories to the northwest , and the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota to the south . Indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Manitoba for thousands of years . In the late 17th century , fur traders arrived on two major river systems , what is now called the Nelson in northern Manitoba and in the southeast along the Winnipeg River system . A Royal Charter in 1670 granted all the lands draining into Hudson 's Bay to the British company and they administered trade in what was then called Rupert 's Land . During the next 200 years , communities continued to grow and evolve , with a significant settlement of Michif in what is now Winnipeg . The assertion of Métis identity and self-rule culminated in negotiations for the creation of the province of Manitoba . There are many factors that led to an armed uprising of the Métis people against the Government of Canada , a conflict known as the Red River Rebellion . The resolution of the assertion of the right to representation led to the Parliament of Canada passing the Manitoba Act in 1870 that created the province . Manitoba 's capital and largest city , Winnipeg , is the eighth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada ."}]}, {'value': 'Biodôme de Montreal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal_Biodome', 'summary': "The Montreal Biodome ( French : Biodôme de Montréal ) is a facility located at Olympic Park in the Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve neighbourhood of Montreal , Quebec , Canada , that allows visitors to walk through replicas of four ecosystems found in the Americas . The building was originally constructed for the 1976 Olympic Games as a velodrome . It hosted both track cycling and judo events . Renovations on the building began in 1989 and in 1992 the indoor nature exhibit was opened . The Montreal Biodome is one of four facilities that make part of the largest natural science museum complex in Canada , Space for Life , which also includes the Montreal Insectarium , Montreal Botanical Garden , and Rio Tinto Alcan Planetarium . It is an accredited member of both the Association of Zoos and Aquariums ( AZA ) and the Canada 's Accredited Zoos and Aquariums association ( CAZA ) ."}]}, {'value': '4777 Pierre-de-Coubertin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montreal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal,_QC', 'summary': "Montreal ( /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/ ( listen ) MUN-tree-AWL ; officially Montréal , French : [ mɔ̃ʁeal ] ( listen ) ) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada . Originally founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie , or City of Mary , it is named after Mount Royal , the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city . The city is centred on the Island of Montreal , which got its name from the same origin as the city , and a few much smaller peripheral islands , the largest of which is Île Bizard . It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold , snowy winters . In 2016 , the city had a population of 1,704,694 , with a population of 1,942,247 in the urban agglomeration , including all of the other municipalities on the Island of Montreal . The broader metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,247 . French is the city 's official language and is the language spoken at home by 49.8% of the population of the city , followed by English at 22.8% and 18.3% other languages ( in the 2016 census , not including multi-language responses ) . In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area , 65.8% of the population speaks French at home , compared to 15.3% who speak English . The agglomeration Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada , with over 59% of the population able to speak both English and French . Montreal is the second largest primarily French-speaking city in the developed world , after Paris . It is situated 196 km ( 122 mi ) east of the national capital Ottawa , and 258 km ( 160 mi ) south-west of the provincial capital Quebec City . Historically the commercial capital of Canada , Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s ."}]}, {'value': 'Quebec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec', 'summary': "Quebec ( /k ( w ) ɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario and the bodies of water James Bay and Hudson Bay ; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay ; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador ; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the U.S. states of Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , and New York . It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia . Quebec is Canada 's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division ; only the territory of Nunavut is larger . It is historically and politically considered to be part of Central Canada ( with Ontario ) . Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada , after Ontario . It is the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population , with French as the sole provincial official language . Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City , the capital . Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area , including the Island of Montreal . English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais , Eastern Townships , and Gaspé regions . The Nord-du-Québec region , occupying the northern half of the province , is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples . The climate around the major cities is four-seasons continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers , but farther north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions ."}]}, {'value': 'Bird Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bird_Kingdom', 'summary': 'Bird Kingdom is an aviary in the tourist district of Niagara Falls , Ontario , Canada . Opened in May 2003 , it is the largest free flying indoor aviary in the world . The attraction encompasses approximately 45,000 square feet ( 4,200 m2 ) , and houses over 350 birds , the majority of which come from Australia , South America , and Africa . It is also home to mammals , reptiles and amphibians which are part of educational programs . Bird Kingdom has been voted a top family attraction in Niagara Falls and was inducted into the Trip Advisor Hall of Fame in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '5651 River Road', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Niagara Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_ON', 'summary': "Niagara Falls is a city in Ontario , Canada . It is on the western bank of the Niagara River in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario , with a population of 88,071 at the 2016 census . The municipality was incorporated on 12 June 1903 . Across the Niagara River is Niagara Falls , New York . The Niagara River flows over Niagara Falls at this location , creating a natural spectacle which attracts millions of tourists each year . The tourist area , which stretches along the Niagara Parkway and promenade , is particularly concentrated at the brink of the falls . Apart from the river 's natural attractions , it includes observation towers , high-rise hotels , souvenir shops , museums , indoor water parks , casinos and theatres , mostly with colourful neon billboards and advertisements . Farther to the north or south , golf courses are operated alongside historic sites from the War of 1812 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario', 'summary': "Ontario is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . Located in Central Canada , it is Canada 's most populous province , with 38.3 percent of the country 's population , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest jurisdiction in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto , which is also Ontario 's provincial capital . Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west , Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north , and Quebec to the east and northeast , and to the south by the U.S. states of ( from west to east ) Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York . Almost all of Ontario 's 2,700 km ( 1,678 mi ) border with the United States follows inland waterways : from the westerly Lake of the Woods , eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system . These include Rainy River , Pigeon River , Lake Superior , St. Marys River , Lake Huron , St. Clair River , Lake St. Clair , Detroit River , Lake Erie , Niagara River , Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River from Kingston , Ontario , to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall , Ontario . There is only about 1 km ( 0.6 mi ) of land border , made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border . Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions , Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The great majority of Ontario 's population and arable land is in the south . In contrast , the larger , northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and heavy forestation ."}]}, {'value': 'British Columbia Wildlife Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_Columbia_Wildlife_Park', 'summary': 'The British Columbia Wildlife Park is a 106-acre ( 43 ha ) zoo located in Kamloops , British Columbia . The British Columbia Wildlife Park is an accredited member of the Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums ( CAZA ) .'}]}, {'value': '9077 Dallas Drive', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kamloops', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamloops,_BC', 'summary': "Kamloops ( /ˈkæmluːps/ ) is a city in south-central British Columbia , Canada , at the confluence of the two branches of the Thompson River and east of Kamloops Lake . With a population of 100,046 in 2019 it is the largest community in the Thompson-Nicola Regional District and the location of the regional district 's offices . The surrounding region is more commonly referred to as the Thompson Country . Kamloops is ranked 36th on the list of the largest metropolitan areas in Canada and represents the 2nd largest census agglomeration nationwide , with 115,004 residents in 2019 . The population of the regional district is 146,096 ( 2019 ) . Kamloops is known as the Tournament Capital of Canada and hosts over 100 tournaments each year at world-class sports facilities such as the Tournament Capital Centre , Kamloops Bike Ranch , and Tournament Capital Ranch . Health care , tourism , and education are major contributing industries to the regional economy and have grown in recent years . Kamloops was British Columbia 's first city to become a Bee City in 2016 as numerous organisations in the community are actively protecting and creating bumble bee habitats in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'British Columbia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_Columbia', 'summary': "British Columbia ( BC ; French : Colombie-Britannique ) is the westernmost province in Canada , located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains . With an estimated population of 5.1 million as of 2019 [ update ] , it is Canada 's third-most populous province . The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria , established in 1843 , which gave rise to the City of Victoria , at first the capital of the separate Colony of Vancouver Island . Subsequently , on the mainland , the Colony of British Columbia ( 1858-1866 ) was founded by Richard Clement Moody and the Royal Engineers , Columbia Detachment , in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush . Moody was Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for the Colony and the first Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia : he was hand-picked by the Colonial Office in London to transform British Columbia into the British Empire 's bulwark in the farthest west , and to found a second England on the shores of the Pacific . Moody selected the site for and founded the original capital of British Columbia , New Westminster , established the Cariboo Road and Stanley Park , and designed the first version of the Coat of arms of British Columbia . Port Moody is named after him . In 1866 , Vancouver Island became part of the colony of British Columbia , and Victoria became the united colony 's capital . In 1871 , British Columbia became the sixth province of Canada . Its Latin motto is Splendor sine occasu ( Splendour without Diminishment ) . The capital of British Columbia is Victoria , the fifteenth-largest metropolitan region in Canada , named for Queen Victoria , who ruled during the creation of the original colonies . The largest city is Vancouver , the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada , the largest in Western Canada , and the second-largest in the Pacific Northwest ."}]}, {'value': 'Calgary Zoo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calgary_Zoo', 'summary': "The Calgary Zoo is located in Bridgeland , Calgary , Alberta , Canada , just east of the city 's downtown and adjacent to the Inglewood and East Village neighborhoods . It is accessible via Calgary 's C-Train light rail system , by car via Memorial Drive , and by bicycle and footpath via the Bow River pathway . A large portion of the zoo is located on St. George 's Island in the Bow River . The zoo is operated by the Calgary Zoological Society , an independent not-for-profit organization that is Alberta 's oldest registered charity . The AZA , WAZA , and CAZA accredited zoo was among the first in Canada to be accredited by all three associations . It is home to over 1,000 animals , excluding individual fish and insects , and 272 different species . The 120-acre zoo is organized by into six distinct zones : Destination Africa , Canadian Wilds , Penguin Plunge , Dorothy Harvie Botanical Gardens and ENMAX Conservatory , Eurasia , and Prehistoric Park . The zoo is open every day except for Christmas Day . As Canada 's most visited zoo , Calgary Zoo was in 2015 recognized by TripAdvisor with its Travellers ' Choice Award . [ citation needed ] The zoo has also received international recognition as one of the top zoos in the world for conservation research . In 2013 , the Association of Zoos and Aquariums said the Calgary Zoo sets itself apart as one of the top zoos in the world . In 2015 the zoo was named one of the top three most respected organizations in Alberta and one of Alberta 's 10 most beloved brands ."}]}, {'value': '1300 Zoo Road N.E', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calgary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calgary', 'summary': "Calgary ( /ˈkælɡri/ ( listen ) ) is a city in the western Canadian province of Alberta . It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province , in an area of foothills and prairie , about 80 km ( 50 mi ) east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies , roughly 299 km ( 186 mi ) south of the provincial capital of Edmonton and approximately 240 km ( 150 mi ) north of the Canada-United States border . The city anchors the south end of the Statistics Canada-defined urban area , the Calgary-Edmonton Corridor . The city had a population of 1,285,711 in 2019 , making it Alberta 's largest city . It is the third-largest municipality in Canada ( after Toronto and Montreal ) , and the largest in western Canada . Also in 2016 , Calgary had a metropolitan population of 1,392,609 , making it the fourth-largest census metropolitan area ( CMA ) in Canada and second-largest in western Canada . Calgary 's economy includes activity in the energy , financial services , film and television , transportation and logistics , technology , manufacturing , aerospace , health and wellness , retail , and tourism sectors . The Calgary CMA is home to Canada 's second-highest number of corporate head offices among the country 's 800 largest corporations . In 2015 Calgary had the highest number of millionaires per capita of any major Canadian city . In 1988 it became the first Canadian city to host the Winter Olympic Games . The Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Calgary the most livable city in North America in both 2018 and 2019 . Calgary has been a top 5 contender for this title for the last 10 years ."}]}, {'value': 'Alberta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alberta', 'summary': "Alberta is a province of Canada . With an estimated population of 4,067,175 as of 2016 census , it is Canada 's fourth most populous province and the most populous of Canada 's three prairie provinces . Its area is about 660,000 square kilometres ( 250,000 sq mi ) . Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1 , 1905 . The premier is Jason Kenney as of April 30 , 2019 . Alberta is bordered by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east , the Northwest Territories to the north , and the U.S. state of Montana to the south . Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to border only a single U.S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces . It has a predominantly humid continental climate , with stark contrasts over a year ; but seasonal temperature average swings are smaller than in areas further east , due to winters being warmed by occasional chinook winds bringing sudden warming . Alberta 's capital , Edmonton , is near the geographic centre of the province and is the primary supply and service hub for Canada 's crude oil , the Athabasca oil sands and other northern resource industries . About 290 km ( 180 mi ) south of the capital is Calgary , the largest city in Alberta . Calgary and Edmonton centre Alberta 's two census metropolitan areas , both of which have populations exceeding one million , while the province has 16 census agglomerations . Tourist destinations in the province include Banff , Canmore , Drumheller , Jasper , Sylvan Lake and Lake Louise ."}]}, {'value': 'Cherry Brook Zoo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cherry_Brook_Zoo', 'summary': "Rockwood Park is a city park in Saint John , New Brunswick . It is located in the eastern area of the North End and is one of Canada 's largest urban parks . The park encompasses 890 hectares of upland Acadian mixed forest , many hills and several caves , as well as several freshwater lakes , with an extensive trail network , a golf course and the city 's zoo ."}]}, {'value': '901 Foster Thurston Drive', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saint John', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': "Saint John is a port city on the Bay of Fundy in the Canadian province of New Brunswick . The port is Canada 's third largest port by tonnage with a cargo base that includes dry and liquid bulk , break bulk , containers , and cruise . Historically New Brunswick 's largest city , in 2016 the city fell to second place , with a population of 67,575 over an area of 315.82 km2 ( 121.94 sq mi ) . Greater Saint John covers a land area of 3,362.95 km2 ( 1,298.44 sq mi ) across the Caledonia Highlands , with a growing population of 126,202 ( as of 2016 ) . Saint John is the oldest incorporated city in Canada . During the reign of George III , the municipality was created by royal charter in 1785 . Saint John is the oldest of five chartered cities in Canada along with Montreal , Winnipeg , Vancouver , and Lloydminster ( a city that straddles both Alberta and Saskatchewan ) . French colonist Samuel de Champlain landed at Saint John Harbour on June 24 , 1604 ( the feast of St. John the Baptist ) and is where the Saint John River gets its name although Mi'kmaq and Maliseet peoples lived in the region for thousands of years prior calling the river Wolastoq . The Saint John area was an important area for trade and defence for Acadia during the French colonial era and Fort La Tour , in the city 's harbour , was a pivotal battleground during the Acadian Civil War . After over a century of ownership disputes over the land surrounding Saint John between the French and English , the English deported the French colonists in 1755 and constructed Fort Howe above the harbour in 1779 . In 1785 , the City of Saint John was established by uniting the two towns of Parrtown and Carleton on each side of the harbour after the arrival of thousands of refugees from the American Revolution who wished to remain British and were forced to leave their U.S. homes . Over the next century , waves of immigration via Partridge Island , especially during the Great Famine , would fundamentally change the city 's demographics and culture ."}]}, {'value': 'New Brunswick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Brunswick', 'summary': "New Brunswick is one of four Atlantic provinces on the east coast of Canada . According to the Constitution of Canada , New Brunswick is the only bilingual province . About two-thirds of the population declare themselves anglophones , and one third francophones . One-third of the population describes themselves as bilingual . Atypically for Canada , only about half of the population lives in urban areas , mostly in Greater Moncton , Greater Saint John and the capital Fredericton . Unlike the other Maritime provinces , New Brunswick 's terrain is mostly forested uplands , with much of the land further from the coast , giving it a harsher climate . New Brunswick is 83% forested and less densely-populated than the rest of the Maritimes . Being relatively close to Europe , New Brunswick was among the first places in North America to be explored and settled by Europeans , starting with the French in the early 1600s , who displaced the indigenous Mi'kmaq , Maliseet , and the Passamaquoddy peoples . The French settlers were later displaced when the area became part of the British Empire . In 1784 , after an influx of refugees from the American Revolutionary War , the province was partitioned from Nova Scotia . In 1785 Saint John became Canada 's first incorporated city . The province prospered in the early 1800s and the population grew rapidly , reaching about a quarter of a million by mid-century ."}]}, {'value': 'Ecomuseum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ecomuseum_(Quebec)', 'summary': 'The Ecomuseum Zoo ( French : Zoo Ecomuseum ) is a Canadian ecomuseum of zoological park in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue , Quebec and was founded in 1988 . It is accredited by the Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums ( CAZA ) . It occupies 11.3 hectares ( 28 acres ) of land on the western tip of the Island of Montreal . The Ecomuseum is home to 115 different species of animal native to the Saint Lawrence Valley in southwestern Quebec . The Ecomuseum is operated by the Saint-Lawrence Valley Natural History Society and opened in 1988 .'}]}, {'value': '21125 Chemin Ste-Marie', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue,_Quebec', 'summary': "Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ sɛ̃t an də bɛlvy ] ) is an on-island suburb located at the western tip of the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec , Canada . It is the second oldest community in Montreal 's West Island , having been founded as a parish in 1703 . The oldest , Dorval , was founded in 1667 . Points of interest include the Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue Canal ( a National Historic Site of Canada ) , the Sainte-Anne Veterans ' Hospital , the Morgan Arboretum , and the L'Anse-à-l'Orme Nature Park . Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue is also home to John Abbott College and McGill University 's Macdonald Campus , which includes the J. S. Marshall Radar Observatory and the Canadian Aviation Heritage Centre as well as about 2 square kilometres ( 0.77 sq mi ) of farmland which separates the small town from neighbouring Baie-d'Urfé ."}]}, {'value': 'Quebec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec', 'summary': "Quebec ( /k ( w ) ɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario and the bodies of water James Bay and Hudson Bay ; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay ; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador ; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the U.S. states of Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , and New York . It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia . Quebec is Canada 's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division ; only the territory of Nunavut is larger . It is historically and politically considered to be part of Central Canada ( with Ontario ) . Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada , after Ontario . It is the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population , with French as the sole provincial official language . Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City , the capital . Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area , including the Island of Montreal . English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais , Eastern Townships , and Gaspé regions . The Nord-du-Québec region , occupying the northern half of the province , is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples . The climate around the major cities is four-seasons continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers , but farther north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions ."}]}, {'value': 'Greater Vancouver Zoo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greater_Vancouver_Zoo', 'summary': 'The Greater Vancouver Zoo is a 120-acre ( 49 ha ) zoo located in Aldergrove , British Columbia , Canada .'}]}, {'value': '5048 - 264th Street', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aldergrove', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aldergrove,_British_Columbia', 'summary': "Aldergrove is a community in the Township of Langley within British Columbia , Canada , approximately 59 km ( 37 mi ) east of Vancouver . The community is urban in nature and , although not incorporated as a town , is often referred to as one . This is a predominantly agricultural area , with crops including medical cannabis , grown by Canopy Growth Corporation , in the Agricultural Land Reserve ( British Columbia ) area . This grow operation is the largest federally licensed cannabis facility in the world , with 400,000 sq . ft. of growing space and may eventually reach 1.3 million sq . ft. Aldergrove is located at the southeastern edge of both the Township of Langley and the Greater Vancouver metropolitan area , near the western edge of the Abbotsford metropolitan area . It is home to one of the Lower Mainland 's five land border crossings , connecting Aldergrove and Lynden , Washington ."}]}, {'value': 'British Columbia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_Columbia', 'summary': "British Columbia ( BC ; French : Colombie-Britannique ) is the westernmost province in Canada , located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains . With an estimated population of 5.1 million as of 2019 [ update ] , it is Canada 's third-most populous province . The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria , established in 1843 , which gave rise to the City of Victoria , at first the capital of the separate Colony of Vancouver Island . Subsequently , on the mainland , the Colony of British Columbia ( 1858-1866 ) was founded by Richard Clement Moody and the Royal Engineers , Columbia Detachment , in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush . Moody was Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for the Colony and the first Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia : he was hand-picked by the Colonial Office in London to transform British Columbia into the British Empire 's bulwark in the farthest west , and to found a second England on the shores of the Pacific . Moody selected the site for and founded the original capital of British Columbia , New Westminster , established the Cariboo Road and Stanley Park , and designed the first version of the Coat of arms of British Columbia . Port Moody is named after him . In 1866 , Vancouver Island became part of the colony of British Columbia , and Victoria became the united colony 's capital . In 1871 , British Columbia became the sixth province of Canada . Its Latin motto is Splendor sine occasu ( Splendour without Diminishment ) . The capital of British Columbia is Victoria , the fifteenth-largest metropolitan region in Canada , named for Queen Victoria , who ruled during the creation of the original colonies . The largest city is Vancouver , the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada , the largest in Western Canada , and the second-largest in the Pacific Northwest ."}]}, {'value': 'Jungle Cat World', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jungle_Cat_World', 'summary': "Jungle Cat World , originally named Orono Exotic Cat World , is a wildlife park that was established in 1983 . It is located in Orono , Ontario , Canada , approximately 45 minutes east of Toronto off of Highway 35/115 . Jungle Cat World is open year round and has many other mammals and birds aside from its cats . The reptiles , amphibians , and invertebrates at the zoo are used for educational wildlife programs but are not on public display . Jungle Cat World was initially just a tourist attraction to show exotic animals , primarily for recreation rather than education . Over the years , the park has taken a much more active role in educating visitors . Every day , a zookeeper leads an educational feeding tour around the wildlife park , during which the large cats , wolves , and primates are fed . Jungle Cat World 's Night Safari is a guided tour around the wildlife park at night . This allows the public an opportunity to observe some of the activities of the nocturnal animals . Behind the Scenes is a private forty-five-minute program with an Animal Coordinator . It offers hands on experience and a photo opportunity with three of the animals at the zoo . Jungle Cat World also has a bed and breakfast lodge , hosts birthday parties , and is home to a residential summer camp ."}]}, {'value': '3667 Conc . 6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Orono', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orono,_Ontario', 'summary': 'Orono is a community in the Municipality of Clarington , Ontario , Canada . It is located on the southern stretch of Highway 35/115 , approximately 87 km ( 54 mi ) east of Toronto .'}]}, {'value': 'Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario', 'summary': "Ontario is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . Located in Central Canada , it is Canada 's most populous province , with 38.3 percent of the country 's population , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest jurisdiction in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto , which is also Ontario 's provincial capital . Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west , Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north , and Quebec to the east and northeast , and to the south by the U.S. states of ( from west to east ) Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York . Almost all of Ontario 's 2,700 km ( 1,678 mi ) border with the United States follows inland waterways : from the westerly Lake of the Woods , eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system . These include Rainy River , Pigeon River , Lake Superior , St. Marys River , Lake Huron , St. Clair River , Lake St. Clair , Detroit River , Lake Erie , Niagara River , Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River from Kingston , Ontario , to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall , Ontario . There is only about 1 km ( 0.6 mi ) of land border , made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border . Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions , Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The great majority of Ontario 's population and arable land is in the south . In contrast , the larger , northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and heavy forestation ."}]}, {'value': "Little Ray 's Reptile Zoo", 'urls': []}, {'value': '5305 Bank Street', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ottawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ottawa', 'summary': 'Ottawa ( /ˈɒtəwə/ ( listen ) , /ˈɒtəwɑː/ ; French pronunciation : \u200b [ ɔtawa ] ) is the capital city of Canada . It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario . Ottawa borders Gatineau , Quebec ; the two form the core of the Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area ( CMA ) and the National Capital Region ( NCR ) . As of 2016 , Ottawa had a city population of 934,243 and a metropolitan population of 1,323,783 making it the fourth-largest city and the fifth-largest CMA in Canada . In June 2019 , the City of Ottawa estimated it had surpassed a population of a million . Founded in 1826 as Bytown , and incorporated as Ottawa in 1855 , the city has evolved into the political centre of Canada . Its original boundaries were expanded through numerous annexations and were ultimately replaced by a new city incorporation and amalgamation in 2001 which significantly increased its land area . The city name Ottawa was chosen in reference to the Ottawa River , the name of which is derived from the Algonquin Odawa , meaning to trade . Ottawa has the most educated population among Canadian cities and is home to a number of post-secondary , research , and cultural institutions , including the National Arts Centre , the National Gallery , and numerous national museums .'}]}, {'value': 'Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario', 'summary': "Ontario is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . Located in Central Canada , it is Canada 's most populous province , with 38.3 percent of the country 's population , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest jurisdiction in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto , which is also Ontario 's provincial capital . Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west , Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north , and Quebec to the east and northeast , and to the south by the U.S. states of ( from west to east ) Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York . Almost all of Ontario 's 2,700 km ( 1,678 mi ) border with the United States follows inland waterways : from the westerly Lake of the Woods , eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system . These include Rainy River , Pigeon River , Lake Superior , St. Marys River , Lake Huron , St. Clair River , Lake St. Clair , Detroit River , Lake Erie , Niagara River , Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River from Kingston , Ontario , to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall , Ontario . There is only about 1 km ( 0.6 mi ) of land border , made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border . Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions , Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The great majority of Ontario 's population and arable land is in the south . In contrast , the larger , northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and heavy forestation ."}]}, {'value': 'Magnetic Hill Zoo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magnetic_Hill_Zoo', 'summary': "The Magnetic Hill Zoo ( French : le Zoo de Magnetic Hill , formerly the Magnetic Hill Game Farm ) is a 16-hectare ( 40-acre ) zoo located adjacent to Magnetic Hill and the Magic Mountain in the Magnetic Hill Area of Moncton , New Brunswick . The zoo has over 400 animals , making it the largest zoo in Atlantic Canada . In 2008 , the zoo was rated fourth on a list of Canada 's top ten zoos . The zoo has been accredited member of the Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums ( CAZA ) since 1993 ."}]}, {'value': '100 Worthington Avenue', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moncton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moncton,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': "Moncton ( /ˈmʌŋktən/ ; French pronunciation : \u200b [ mɔŋktœn ] ) is one of three major urban centres in the Canadian province of New Brunswick , along with Saint John and the capital city of Fredericton . Situated in the Petitcodiac River Valley , Moncton lies at the geographic centre of the Maritime Provinces . The city has earned the nickname Hub City due to its central inland location in the region and its history as a railway and land transportation hub for the Maritimes . The city proper has a population of 71,889 ( 2016 ) and a land area of 142 km2 ( 55 sq mi ) . Greater Moncton has a population of 144,810 ( 2016 ) , making it the largest city and census metropolitan area ( CMA ) in New Brunswick , and the second-largest city and CMA in the Maritime Provinces . The CMA includes the neighbouring city of Dieppe and the town of Riverview , as well as adjacent suburban areas in Westmorland and Albert counties . Although the Moncton area was first settled in 1733 , Moncton was officially founded in 1766 with the arrival of Pennsylvania Dutch immigrants from Philadelphia . Initially an agricultural settlement , Moncton was not incorporated until 1855 . The city was named for Lt. Col. Robert Monckton , the British officer who had captured nearby Fort Beauséjour a century earlier . A significant wooden shipbuilding industry had developed in the community by the mid-1840s , allowing for the civic incorporation in 1855 . However , the shipbuilding economy collapsed in the 1860s , causing the town to lose its civic charter in 1862 . Moncton regained its charter in 1875 after the community 's economy rebounded , mainly due to a growing railway industry ."}]}, {'value': 'New Brunswick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Brunswick', 'summary': "New Brunswick is one of four Atlantic provinces on the east coast of Canada . According to the Constitution of Canada , New Brunswick is the only bilingual province . About two-thirds of the population declare themselves anglophones , and one third francophones . One-third of the population describes themselves as bilingual . Atypically for Canada , only about half of the population lives in urban areas , mostly in Greater Moncton , Greater Saint John and the capital Fredericton . Unlike the other Maritime provinces , New Brunswick 's terrain is mostly forested uplands , with much of the land further from the coast , giving it a harsher climate . New Brunswick is 83% forested and less densely-populated than the rest of the Maritimes . Being relatively close to Europe , New Brunswick was among the first places in North America to be explored and settled by Europeans , starting with the French in the early 1600s , who displaced the indigenous Mi'kmaq , Maliseet , and the Passamaquoddy peoples . The French settlers were later displaced when the area became part of the British Empire . In 1784 , after an influx of refugees from the American Revolutionary War , the province was partitioned from Nova Scotia . In 1785 Saint John became Canada 's first incorporated city . The province prospered in the early 1800s and the population grew rapidly , reaching about a quarter of a million by mid-century ."}]}, {'value': 'Marine Life Department in West Edmonton Mall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Edmonton_Mall', 'summary': "West Edmonton Mall ( WEM ) , located in Edmonton , Alberta , Canada , is the largest shopping mall in North America , followed by American Dream Meadowlands in New Jersey . It is the most visited mall in Canada , followed by Metrotown Mall in Burnaby , and the 23rd largest in the world ( along with The Dubai Mall ) by gross leasable area . It was the world 's largest mall until 2004 . The mall was founded by the Ghermezian brothers , who emigrated from Iran in 1959 . Its anchors are Hudson 's Bay , London Drugs , La Maison Simons , The Brick , and Winners/HomeSense . West Edmonton Mall covers a gross area of about 490,000 m2 ( 5,300,000 sq ft ) . There are over 800 stores and services including nine attractions , two hotels and over 100 dining venues in the complex , and parking for more than 20,000 vehicles . More than 24,000 people are employed at the property . The mall receives about 32 million visitors per year ; it attracts between 90,000 and 200,000 shoppers daily , depending on the day and season . The mall was valued at $ 926 million in January 2007 , and in 2016 , for tax purposes , it was valued at $ 1.3034 billion , making it the most valuable property in Edmonton ."}]}, {'value': '# 2472 8882-170 Street', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Edmonton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edmonton,_AB', 'summary': "Edmonton ( /ˈɛdməntən/ ( listen ) ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta . Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Metropolitan Region , which is surrounded by Alberta 's central region . The city anchors the north end of what Statistics Canada defines as the Calgary-Edmonton Corridor . The city had a population of 932,546 in 2016 , making it Alberta 's second-largest city and Canada 's fifth-largest municipality . Also in 2016 , Edmonton had a metropolitan population of 1,321,426 , making it the sixth-largest census metropolitan area ( CMA ) in Canada . Edmonton is North America 's northernmost metropolitan area with a population over one million . A resident of Edmonton is known as an Edmontonian . Edmonton 's historic growth has been facilitated through the absorption of five adjacent urban municipalities ( Strathcona , North Edmonton , West Edmonton , Beverly and Jasper Place ) in addition to a series of annexations through 1982 , and the annexation of 8,260 ha ( 82.6 km2 ) of land from Leduc County and the city of Beaumont on January 1 , 2019 . Known as the Gateway to the North , the city is a staging point for large-scale oil sands projects occurring in northern Alberta and large-scale diamond mining operations in the Northwest Territories . Edmonton is a cultural , governmental and educational centre . It hosts a year-round slate of festivals , reflected in the nickname Canada 's Festival City . It is home to North America 's largest mall , West Edmonton Mall ( the world 's largest mall from 1981 until 2004 ) , and Fort Edmonton Park , Canada 's largest living history museum ."}]}, {'value': 'Alberta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alberta', 'summary': "Alberta is a province of Canada . With an estimated population of 4,067,175 as of 2016 census , it is Canada 's fourth most populous province and the most populous of Canada 's three prairie provinces . Its area is about 660,000 square kilometres ( 250,000 sq mi ) . Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1 , 1905 . The premier is Jason Kenney as of April 30 , 2019 . Alberta is bordered by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east , the Northwest Territories to the north , and the U.S. state of Montana to the south . Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to border only a single U.S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces . It has a predominantly humid continental climate , with stark contrasts over a year ; but seasonal temperature average swings are smaller than in areas further east , due to winters being warmed by occasional chinook winds bringing sudden warming . Alberta 's capital , Edmonton , is near the geographic centre of the province and is the primary supply and service hub for Canada 's crude oil , the Athabasca oil sands and other northern resource industries . About 290 km ( 180 mi ) south of the capital is Calgary , the largest city in Alberta . Calgary and Edmonton centre Alberta 's two census metropolitan areas , both of which have populations exceeding one million , while the province has 16 census agglomerations . Tourist destinations in the province include Banff , Canmore , Drumheller , Jasper , Sylvan Lake and Lake Louise ."}]}, {'value': 'Parc Omega', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quebec', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Parc Safari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parc_Safari', 'summary': "Parc Safari is a zoo in Hemmingford , Quebec , Canada , and is one of the region 's major tourist attractions ; that has both African & Asian species of elephant . Parc Safari , an animal and amusement park was founded in 1972 . It currently holds 500 animals of 75 different species . It is located close to the United States and draws many American visitors . It contains many African animals , including zebra , African elephants , dromedary camels , elands , rhinos , wildebeest , ostriches , lions , Ankole-Watusi cattle , and kudu . It also has many Asian animals , including Asiatic water buffalo , gaur , tigers , a Bactrian camel , Asian elephants , yaks , and many different types of deer . Other animals include bison , highland cattle , llamas , ponies , wallabies , guanaco , elk , and wolves . The park consists of a drive-thru area , where the visitors can get close to the animals and feed them , and walking areas . One of the walking areas is an elevated boardwalk where visitors will see primarily carnivores such as lions and tigers , and the other is a wooded area called the Farm of the Five Continents , which displays farm animals from around the world including donkeys and miniature horses , as well as emus and rheas . Parc Safari also has a small water park , which has a couple of small slides and some fountains . There is also a pool which is like a river with real stones on the bottom , fake caves , and quick rapids . People go through the river on small aquatic flotation devices ."}]}, {'value': '850 Rte . 202', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hemmingford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hemmingford,_Quebec_(township)', 'summary': 'Hemmingford is a township municipality in south-west Quebec , founded in 1799 . The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 1,747 . The township completely surrounds the Village of Hemmingford . The two entities ( village and township ) are locally referred to collectively as Hemmingford . The two share many things , such as the cost of the volunteer fire department , and both hold their councils and offices in the same building in the village .'}]}, {'value': 'Quebec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec', 'summary': "Quebec ( /k ( w ) ɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario and the bodies of water James Bay and Hudson Bay ; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay ; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador ; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the U.S. states of Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , and New York . It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia . Quebec is Canada 's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division ; only the territory of Nunavut is larger . It is historically and politically considered to be part of Central Canada ( with Ontario ) . Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada , after Ontario . It is the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population , with French as the sole provincial official language . Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City , the capital . Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area , including the Island of Montreal . English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais , Eastern Townships , and Gaspé regions . The Nord-du-Québec region , occupying the northern half of the province , is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples . The climate around the major cities is four-seasons continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers , but farther north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions ."}]}, {'value': 'Riverview Park & Zoo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Riverview_Park_&_Zoo', 'summary': 'The Riverview Park & Zoo is a park and zoo located in Peterborough , Ontario , Canada . Riverview Park and Zoo began in 1933 when the venue was opened by Ross Dobbin and is now owned by the City of Peterborough ( since 1968 operated and maintained by the Peterborough Utilities Group ) . In addition to its animal exhibits , the zoo features a miniature train ride , a F-86 Sabre fighter aircraft on display and the park contains a disc golf course . Admission and parking is free .'}]}, {'value': '1230 Water Street', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peterborough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peterborough,_Ontario', 'summary': "Peterborough ( /ˈpiːtərbʌroʊ/ PEE-tər-burr-oh ) is a city on the Otonabee River in Central Ontario , Canada , 125 kilometres ( 78 mi ) northeast of Toronto and about 270 kilometres ( 167 mi ) southwest of Ottawa . According to the 2016 Census , the population of the City of Peterborough was 81,032 . The population of the Peterborough Census Metropolitan Area ( CMA ) , which includes the surrounding Townships of Selwyn , Cavan Monaghan , Otonabee-South Monaghan , and Douro-Dummer , was 121,721 in 2016 . In 2016 , Peterborough ranked No . 32 among the countrys 35 census metropolitan areas according to the CMA in Canada . Significant growth is expected starting in late 2019 when the Ontario Highway 407 extension is completed , connecting it to Highway 115/35 south of Peterborough . The current mayor of Peterborough is Diane Therrien . Peterborough is known as the gateway to the Kawarthas , cottage country , a large recreational region of the province . It is named in honour of Peter Robinson , an early Canadian politician who oversaw the first major immigration to the area . The city is the seat of Peterborough County . Peterborough 's nickname in the distant past was The Electric City as it was the first town in Canada to use electric streetlights . It also underscores the historical and present-day importance of technology and manufacturing as an economic base of the city , which has operations from large multi-national companies such as Siemens , Rolls-Royce Limited , and General Electric , and more local businesses such as Merit Precision Ltd. , Dynacast and Bryston ."}]}, {'value': 'Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario', 'summary': "Ontario is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . Located in Central Canada , it is Canada 's most populous province , with 38.3 percent of the country 's population , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest jurisdiction in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto , which is also Ontario 's provincial capital . Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west , Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north , and Quebec to the east and northeast , and to the south by the U.S. states of ( from west to east ) Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York . Almost all of Ontario 's 2,700 km ( 1,678 mi ) border with the United States follows inland waterways : from the westerly Lake of the Woods , eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system . These include Rainy River , Pigeon River , Lake Superior , St. Marys River , Lake Huron , St. Clair River , Lake St. Clair , Detroit River , Lake Erie , Niagara River , Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River from Kingston , Ontario , to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall , Ontario . There is only about 1 km ( 0.6 mi ) of land border , made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border . Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions , Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The great majority of Ontario 's population and arable land is in the south . In contrast , the larger , northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and heavy forestation ."}]}, {'value': 'Safari Niagara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Safari_Niagara', 'summary': 'Stevensville is a small community in southern Ontario , Canada in the town of Fort Erie , most notable as the birthplace of Canadian entrepreneur James L. Kraft .'}]}, {'value': '2821 Stevensville Road', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stevensville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stevensville,_Ontario', 'summary': 'Stevensville is a small community in southern Ontario , Canada in the town of Fort Erie , most notable as the birthplace of Canadian entrepreneur James L. Kraft .'}]}, {'value': 'Ontario', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ontario', 'summary': "Ontario is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . Located in Central Canada , it is Canada 's most populous province , with 38.3 percent of the country 's population , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest jurisdiction in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto , which is also Ontario 's provincial capital . Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west , Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north , and Quebec to the east and northeast , and to the south by the U.S. states of ( from west to east ) Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York . Almost all of Ontario 's 2,700 km ( 1,678 mi ) border with the United States follows inland waterways : from the westerly Lake of the Woods , eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system . These include Rainy River , Pigeon River , Lake Superior , St. Marys River , Lake Huron , St. Clair River , Lake St. Clair , Detroit River , Lake Erie , Niagara River , Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River from Kingston , Ontario , to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall , Ontario . There is only about 1 km ( 0.6 mi ) of land border , made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border . Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions , Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The great majority of Ontario 's population and arable land is in the south . In contrast , the larger , northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and heavy forestation ."}]}, {'value': 'Saskatoon Forestry Farm Park and Zoo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forestry_Farm_Park_and_Zoo', 'summary': 'The Forestry Farm Park and Zoo is a forested park and zoo located in Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada . The park was originally established as the Dominion Forest Nursery Station and later Sutherland Forest Nursery Station . Between 1913-1966 was responsible for growing and shipping 147 million trees shipped across the northern prairie provinces . The first shipment of trees were sent to farmers in 1916 . The park is designated a National Historic Site of Canada . The nursery grew caragana , ash , maple , elm , and willow . After the nursery closed in 1966 a portion was re-opened as a city park . The park contains the following areas :'}]}, {'value': '1903 Forest Drive', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saskatoon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatoon,_Saskatchewan', 'summary': "Saskatoon ( /ˌsæskəˈtuːn/ ) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It straddles a bend in the South Saskatchewan River in the central region of the province . It is located along the Trans-Canada Yellowhead Highway , and has served as the cultural and economic hub of central Saskatchewan since its founding in 1882 as a Temperance colony . With a 2016 census population of 246,376 , Saskatoon is the largest city in the province , and the 17th largest Census Metropolitan Area in Canada , with a 2016 census population of 295,095 . The City of Saskatoon has estimated its population to be 278,500 as of July 2018 , while Statistics Canada has estimated the CMA 's population to be 323,809 as of 2017 . Saskatoon is home to the University of Saskatchewan , the Meewasin Valley Authority which protects the South Saskatchewan River and provides for the city 's popular riverbank park spaces , and Wanuskewin Heritage Park , a National Historic Site of Canada and UNESCO World Heritage applicant representing 6,000 years of First Nations history . The Rural Municipality of Corman Park No . 344 , the most populous rural municipality in Saskatchewan , surrounds the city and contains many of the developments associated with it , including Wanuskewin . Saskatoon is named after the saskatoon berry which is native to the region , and is itself derived from the Cree misâskwatômina . The city has a significant Indigenous population and several urban Reserves . The city has nine river crossings and is nicknamed Paris of the Prairies and Bridge City . Historic neighbourhoods of Saskatoon include Nutana and Riversdale , which were separate towns before amalgamating with the town of Saskatoon and incorporating as a city in 1906 ."}]}, {'value': 'Saskatchewan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan', 'summary': "Saskatchewan ( /səˈskætʃəwən , sæ- , -wɒn/ ( listen ) ) is a prairie and boreal province in western Canada , the only province without a natural border . It has an area of 651,900 square kilometres ( 251,700 sq mi ) , nearly 10 percent of which ( 59,366 square kilometres ( 22,900 sq mi ) ) is fresh water , composed mostly of rivers , reservoirs , and the province 's 100,000 lakes . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta , on the north by the Northwest Territories , on the east by Manitoba , to the northeast by Nunavut , and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota . As of Q3 2019 , Saskatchewan 's population was estimated at 1,178,657 . Residents primarily live in the southern prairie half of the province , while the northern boreal half is mostly forested and sparsely populated . Of the total population , roughly half live in the province 's largest city Saskatoon , or the provincial capital Regina . Other notable cities include Prince Albert , Moose Jaw , Yorkton , Swift Current , North Battleford , Melfort , and the border city Lloydminster ( partially within Alberta ) . Saskatchewan is a landlocked province with large distances to moderating bodies of waters . As a result , its climate is extremely continental , rendering severe winters throughout the province . Southern areas have very warm or hot summers . Midale and Yellow Grass ( both near the U.S. border ) are tied for the highest ever recorded temperatures in Canada , with 45 °C ( 113 °F ) observed at both locations on July 5 , 1937 . In winter , temperatures below −45 °C ( −49 °F ) are possible even in the south during extreme cold snaps ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': "This is a list of Canada 's Accredited Zoos and Aquariums member zoos and aquariums . For a full list , please visit CAZA 's official website .", 'uid': 'List_of_CAZA_member_zoos_and_aquariums_0', 'intro': "This is a list of Canada's Accredited Zoos and Aquariums member zoos and aquariums. For a full list, please visit CAZA's official website."}	null	null	Which organization accredited the zoo on 9077 Dallas Drive ?	Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums
0a340600be09f154	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_I_conference_realignments_(2000–present)', 'title': 'List of NCAA Division I conference realignments (2000–present)', 'header': ['School', 'Sport ( s )', 'Former Conference', 'New Conference'], 'data': [{'value': 'Central Florida Golden Knights', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Central_Florida', 'summary': "The University of Central Florida ( UCF ) is a public research university in Orlando , Florida . It has more students enrolled on campus than any other U.S. university . Founded in 1963 by the Florida Legislature , UCF opened in 1968 as Florida Technological University , with the mission of providing personnel to support the growing U.S. space program at the Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on Florida 's Space Coast . As the school 's academic scope expanded beyond engineering and technology , Florida Tech was renamed The University of Central Florida in 1978 . UCF 's space roots continue , as it leads the NASA Florida Space Grant Consortium . Initial enrollment was 1,948 students ; enrollment today exceeds 66,000 students from 157 countries , all 50 states and Washington , D.C . Most of the student population is on the university 's main campus , 13 miles ( 21 km ) east of downtown Orlando and 35 miles ( 56 km ) west of Cape Canaveral . The university offers more than 200 degrees through 13 colleges at 10 regional campuses in Central Florida , the Health Sciences Campus at Lake Nona , the Rosen College of Hospitality Management in south Orlando and the Center for Emerging Media in downtown Orlando . Since its founding , UCF has awarded more than 290,000 degrees , including over 50,000 graduate and professional degrees , to over 260,000 alumni worldwide . UCF is a space-grant university . Its official colors are black and gold , and the university logo is Pegasus , which symbolizes the university 's vision of limitless possibilities . The university 's intercollegiate sports teams , known as the UCF Knights and represented by mascot Knightro , compete in NCAA Division I and the American Athletic Conference ."}, {'url': '/wiki/UCF_Knights_football', 'summary': "The UCF Knights football team represents The University of Central Florida ( UCF ) in the sport of American football . The Knights compete in the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the East Division of the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) . Their current head coach is Josh Heupel , formerly a player and coach at Oklahoma and offensive coordinator at Missouri . The Knights play their home games at the 44,206-seat Spectrum Stadium , which is located on UCF 's main campus in Orlando , Florida , United States . UCF first fielded a varsity football team in the fall of 1979 as a NCAA Division III program and subsequently completed their ascension to Division I-A , now known as the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , in 1996 , becoming the only program in NCAA history to have played in all four divisions of football . As a Division I-AA program , the Knights made the 1990 and 1993 playoffs , and were picked as the preseason No . 1 team to start the 1994 season . As of 2019 , UCF has compiled 259 victories , six division titles , six conference championships , and an undefeated season in 2017 . The Knights have a national championship for the 2017 season despite being excluded from that season 's College Football Playoff . The Knights have made ten postseason appearances since joining the FBS , including winning two major bowls : the 2014 Fiesta Bowl and the 2018 Peach Bowl . The program has produced one Consensus All-American , Kevin Smith in 2007 , and three Heisman Trophy candidates , Daunte Culpepper ( QB ) in 1998 , Kevin Smith ( RB ) in 2007 , and McKenzie Milton ( QB ) in 2017 and 2018 . UCF has produced a long line of accomplished NFL players , including Blake Bortles , A.J ."}]}, {'value': 'Football', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Division I-A Independent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FBS_independent_schools', 'summary': 'National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Football Bowl Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions whose football programs are not part of an NCAA-affiliated conference . This means that FBS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition like conference schools do . There are fewer independent schools than in years past ; many independent schools join , or attempt to join , established conferences . The main reasons to join a conference are to gain a share of television revenue and access to bowl games that agree to take teams from certain conferences , and to help deal with otherwise potentially difficult challenges in scheduling opponents to play throughout the season . All Division I FBS independents are eligible for the College Football Playoff ( CFP ) , or for the so-called access bowls associated with the CFP , if they are chosen by the CFP selection committee . Notre Dame has a potential tie-in with the Orange Bowl . Army has an agreement with the Military Bowl ( formerly the EagleBank Bowl ) , and Notre Dame , in addition to its CFP agreement , has other bowl agreements as part of its affiliation with the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . ( Notre Dame had similar agreements with its previous conference , the Big East . ) BYU had an agreement with the Armed Forces Bowl for 2011 . The ranks of football independents increased by one starting with the 2011 season with the announcement that BYU would leave the Mountain West Conference ( MWC ) to become a football independent starting with that season . The ranks increased by two in 2013 when the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) dropped football and New Mexico State and Idaho did not have a conference for football . The ranks of football independents decreased by two in 2014 with the return of Idaho and New Mexico State as football-only members of the Sun Belt Conference ( SBC ) and decreased by one more in 2015 with Navy joining the American Athletic Conference ( AAC ) as a football-only member .'}]}, {'value': 'MAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-American_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ."}]}, {'value': 'Findlay Oilers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Findlay', 'summary': "The University of Findlay ( UF ) is a private university in Findlay , Ohio . It was established in 1882 through a joint partnership between the Churches of God General Conference and the city of Findlay . UF has nearly 60 undergraduate programs of study leading to baccalaureate degrees and offers 10 master 's degrees and four doctorate-level degree programs . Nearly 4,200 students from approximately 35 countries are enrolled at Findlay with an international student population of approximately 500 . Approximately 1,250 students live on campus in university housing . The University of Findlay has a 73-acre ( 30 ha ) main campus and six off-campus facilities ."}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_Findlay', 'summary': "The University of Findlay ( UF ) is a private university in Findlay , Ohio . It was established in 1882 through a joint partnership between the Churches of God General Conference and the city of Findlay . UF has nearly 60 undergraduate programs of study leading to baccalaureate degrees and offers 10 master 's degrees and four doctorate-level degree programs . Nearly 4,200 students from approximately 35 countries are enrolled at Findlay with an international student population of approximately 500 . Approximately 1,250 students live on campus in university housing . The University of Findlay has a 73-acre ( 30 ha ) main campus and six off-campus facilities ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's ice hockey", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Great Lakes Women 's Hockey Association", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CHA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/College_Hockey_America', 'summary': "College Hockey America ( CHA ) is a women 's college ice hockey conference in the United States . It participates in the NCAA 's Division I as a hockey-only conference . The conference is made up of six teams , with three in Pennsylvania ; two in New York , and one in Missouri ."}]}, {'value': 'FIU Golden Panthers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida_International_University', 'summary': "Florida International University ( FIU ) is a public space-grant research university in University Park , Florida . It is a member of the State University System of Florida . FIU is the first and only school in South Florida to achieve the Emerging Preeminence designation by the Florida Legislature . Founded in 1965 , it has quickly grown to becoming the largest university in the Greater Miami region . It is the largest university in South Florida , the second-largest in Florida , and the fourth-largest in the United States by enrollment . The university is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching . The university comprises 11 separate colleges and more than 40 centers , facilities , labs and institutes that offer more than 190 programs of study , including professional school programs . The university has an annual budget of over $ 1.5 billion and an annual economic impact of over $ 3.5 billion . The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) . For 2020 , U.S. News & World Report ranked Florida International as the 105th best public university in the United States in the national university category . FIU 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their FIU Panthers nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Conference USA ( C-USA ) . In their 113-year history , FIU 's varsity sports teams have won 5 athletic championships and Panther athletes have won various individual NCAA national championships ."}, {'url': '/wiki/FIU_Panthers_football', 'summary': "FIU Panthers football program represents Florida International University ( FIU ) in the sport of American football . The Panthers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the East Division of Conference USA ( CUSA ) . The Panthers ' head coach is Butch Davis . FIU has produced a Sun Belt Conference co-championship team in 2010 , along with 3 postseason bowl appearances . The Panthers play their home games at Riccardo Silva Stadium which has a seating capacity of 20,000 ."}]}, {'value': 'Football', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Started football', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Division I-AA Independent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FCS_independent_schools', 'summary': 'NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions in the United States whose football programs are not part of a football conference . This means that FCS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition as conference schools do . As of the next college football season of 2020 , three schools will play as FCS independents . Presbyterian will spend only the 2020 season as an independent . It began a transition to non-scholarship FCS football in 2017 and will play the final season of that transition as an FCS independent before joining the Pioneer Football League in 2021 . ( Presbyterian will remain a full but non-football Big South member . ) Also in 2020 , Dixie State and Tarleton State will move up from Division II , with both joining the non-football Western Athletic Conference . Both schools have announced they will play as FCS independents for the foreseeable future . The only school that had played as an FCS independent in the most recently completed 2019 season , North Dakota , will join the Missouri Valley Football Conference in July 2020 . The Fighting Hawks left the Big Sky Conference for the non-football Summit League in July 2018 , but agreed to honor existing contracts to play Big Sky members in football , and thus played a full Big Sky football schedule in both 2018 and 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Howard Bison', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Howard_University', 'summary': 'Howard University ( Howard or simply HU ) is a private , federally chartered historically black university ( HBCU ) in Washington , D.C . It is categorized among R2 : Doctoral Universities - High research activity and accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education . From its outset Howard has been nonsectarian and open to people of all sexes and races . It offers more than 120 areas leading to undergraduate , graduate , and professional degrees . U.S. News & World Report ranked Howard tied for 104th among national universities , and second among historically black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) for 2020 . Howard is the only HBCU ranked in the top 40 on the Bloomberg Businessweek business school rankings . The Princeton Review ranked the school of business first in opportunities for minority students and in the top five for most competitive students . The National Law Journal ranked the law school among the top 25 in the nation for placing graduates at the most successful law firms .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Howard_Bison_baseball', 'summary': "The Howard Bison are the intercollegiate athletic teams representing Howard University in Washington , D.C . The Bison compete in the NCAA 's Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) and are members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference for most sports . On July 16 , 2015 , the Athletics Department unveiled new logos ."}]}, {'value': 'Baseball', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MEAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-Eastern_Athletic_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference ( MEAC ) is a collegiate athletic conference whose full members are historically black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) in the Southeastern and the Mid-Atlantic United States . It participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I , and in football , in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) . Currently , the MEAC has automatic qualifying bids for NCAA postseason play in baseball ( since 1994 ) , men 's basketball ( since 1981 ) , women 's basketball ( since 1982 ) , football ( 1996-2015 ) , softball ( since 1995 ) , men and women 's tennis ( since 1998 ) , and volleyball ( since 1994 ) . Bowling was officially sanctioned as a MEAC governed sport in 1999 . Before that season , the MEAC was the first conference to secure NCAA sanctioning for women 's bowling by adopting the club sport prior to the 1996-97 school year ."}]}, {'value': 'Dropped baseball', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mercyhurst Lakers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mercyhurst_University', 'summary': 'Mercyhurst University , formerly Mercyhurst College , is an American Catholic liberal arts college in Erie , Pennsylvania .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Mercyhurst_Lakers_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Mercyhurst Lakers women 's ice hockey team is the hockey team that represents the Mercyhurst College in Erie , Pennsylvania . The program started in 1999 and Michael Sisti has been the only coach in the history of the program . From 2000 to 2002 , the Lakers were part of the Great Lakes Women 's Hockey Association . While in the Great Lakes Women 's Hockey Association , the Lakers qualified for the GLWHA twice ( in 2001 , and 2002 ) . The Lakers were regular season champions in 2000-01 and 2001-02 , and won the playoff championships in 2002 . Starting in the 2002-03 season , the Lakers joined the College Hockey America conference ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's ice hockey", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Great Lakes Women 's Hockey Association", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CHA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/College_Hockey_America', 'summary': "College Hockey America ( CHA ) is a women 's college ice hockey conference in the United States . It participates in the NCAA 's Division I as a hockey-only conference . The conference is made up of six teams , with three in Pennsylvania ; two in New York , and one in Missouri ."}]}, {'value': 'Niagara Purple Eagles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Niagara_University', 'summary': "Niagara University is a private Catholic university in the Vincentian tradition in Lewiston in Niagara County , New York . It is run by the Congregation of the Mission . Niagara has 3,300 undergraduate students in 50 academic programs . Approximately half of the students are residents while the other half commute from the surrounding area . The college is known as a liberal arts school but offers programs in technical and pre-professional disciplines as well . Niagara University also offers programs in Canada which operate under the written consent of the Ministry of Training , Colleges and Universities of Ontario . The Niagara University in Ontario , located in Vaughan , offers a Bachelor 's degree in Professional Studies in Education program ( accredited by the Ontario College of Teachers ) and the Master of Science degree in Education ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Niagara_Purple_Eagles_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Niagara Purple Eagles women 's ice hockey team was a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represented Niagara University . The Purple Eagles were a member of College Hockey America . They played at the Dwyer Arena in Niagara University 's campus ( Lewiston , New York ) ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's ice hockey", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ECAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ECAC_Hockey', 'summary': "ECAC Hockey is one of the six conferences that compete in NCAA Division I ice hockey . The conference used to be affiliated with the Eastern College Athletic Conference , a consortium of over 300 colleges in the eastern United States . This relationship ended in 2004 ; however , the ECAC abbreviation was retained in the name of the hockey conference . ECAC Hockey is the only ice hockey conference with identical memberships in both its women 's and men 's divisions ."}]}, {'value': 'CHA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/College_Hockey_America', 'summary': "College Hockey America ( CHA ) is a women 's college ice hockey conference in the United States . It participates in the NCAA 's Division I as a hockey-only conference . The conference is made up of six teams , with three in Pennsylvania ; two in New York , and one in Missouri ."}]}, {'value': 'Sacramento State Hornets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_State_University,_Sacramento', 'summary': "California State University , Sacramento ( CSUS , Sacramento State , or informally Sac State ) is a public university in Sacramento , California . Founded in 1947 as Sacramento State College , it is the eleventh oldest school in the 23-campus California State University system . The university enrolls approximately 31,500 students annually , has an alumni base of more than 240,000 and awards 7,838 degrees annually . The university offers 151 different Bachelor 's degrees , 69 Master 's degrees , 28 types of teaching credentials , and 2 Doctoral degrees . The university also has extensions in Singapore , offering a unique IMBA ( International Master 's in Business Administration ) . It is consistently one of the top three destinations among all universities in the state for California Community College students , welcoming over 4,000 new transfers each academic year . The campus sits on 300 acres , covered with over 3,500 trees and over 1,200 resting in the University Arboretum ( formerly the Goethe Arboretum ) . The university is the site of two National Register of Historic Places , the Julia Morgan House and the terminus of the Pony Express . The Arbor Day Foundation officially declared the university Tree Campus USA in 2012 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sacramento_State_Hornets_baseball', 'summary': "The Sacramento State Hornets ( also Sac State ) represent California State University , Sacramento in Sacramento , the capital city of the U.S. state of California , in intercollegiate athletics . The school fields 21 teams including men and women 's basketball , cross country , golf , rowing , soccer , tennis , and track and field ; women's-only gymnastics , beach volleyball , volleyball , and softball ; and men's-only baseball and football . The Hornets compete in NCAA Division I , and are members of the Big Sky Conference . The men 's soccer and women 's beach volleyball teams play as affiliate members in the Big West Conference , the baseball team plays as an affiliate member in the Western Athletic Conference , and the women 's rowing team is an affiliate of the American Athletic Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Baseball', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Big West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_West_Conference', 'summary': "The Big West Conference ( BWC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference whose member institutions participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I . The conference was originally formed in 1969 as the Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( PCAA ) , and in 1988 was renamed the Big West Conference . The conference stopped sponsoring college football after the 2000 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Independent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_independent_schools_(baseball)', 'summary': 'In American college sports , NCAA Division I independent schools are four-year institutions that do not belong to a conference for a particular sport .'}]}, {'value': "St. John 's Red Storm", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St._John's_University_(New_York_City)", 'summary': "St. John 's University is a private Roman Catholic university in New York City . Founded and run by the Congregation of the Mission ( C.M. , the Vincentian Fathers ) in 1870 , the school was originally located in the neighborhood of Bedford-Stuyvesant in the borough of Brooklyn . In the 1950s , the school was relocated to its current site at Utopia Parkway in Hillcrest , Queens . St. John 's also has campuses in Staten Island and Manhattan in New York City and overseas in Rome , Italy . In addition , the university has a Long Island Graduate Center in Hauppauge , along with academic locations in Paris , France , and Limerick , Ireland . The university is named after Saint John the Baptist . St. John 's is organized into five undergraduate schools and six graduate schools . In 2016 , the university had 16,440 undergraduate and 4,647 graduate students . St. John 's offers more than 100 bachelor , master , and doctoral degree programs as well as professional certificates ."}, {'url': "/wiki/St._John's_Red_Storm", 'summary': "The St. John 's Red Storm is the nickname used for the 16 varsity athletic programs of St. John 's University , in the U.S. state of New York . St. John 's 16 NCAA Division I teams compete in the Big East Conference , with the exception of the fencing team , which compete in the ECAC . On December 15 , 2012 , St. John 's and the other six Catholic , non-FBS schools ( the so-called Catholic 7 ) announced that they were departing the former Big East for a new conference . The Catholic 7 , after purchasing the Big East name from the FBS schools and adding Butler , Creighton , and Xavier , began operating as the new Big East Conference beginning in July 2013 . The athletic program fields sixteen intercollegiate teams : basketball , soccer , baseball , lacrosse , tennis , golf , and fencing for men and basketball , soccer , softball , volleyball , tennis , track and field , cross country , golf , and fencing for women . In 2002 , the university eliminated five men 's athletic teams and one women 's team in order to comply with Title IX rules prohibiting activities that receive federal assistance from discriminating on the basis of gender . Prior to the 1994-95 school year , the university 's nickname was the St. John 's Redmen , which referenced the red uniforms worn by its teams in competition . The name was interpreted as a Native American reference in the 1960s , and the university did have a mascot ( adorned in Native American dress ) , which eventually led to the team 's name change to the Red Storm . The change happened at a time when there was mounting pressure on colleges and universities to adopt names more sensitive to Native American culture . The Redmen name still remains popular among fans , however , as does Johnnies . On September 18 , 2009 the new mascot , which was voted on by students , was revealed ; Johnny Thunderbird ."}]}, {'value': 'Football', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northeast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northeast_Conference', 'summary': "The Northeast Conference ( NEC ) is a collegiate athletic conference whose schools are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . Teams in the NEC compete in Division I for all sports except football , which competes in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) , formerly Division I-AA . Participating schools are located principally in the Northeastern United States . The conference was named the ECAC Metro Conference when it was established in 1981 . The original eleven member schools were Fairleigh Dickinson University , the Brooklyn campus of Long Island University ( whose athletic program has now merged with that of LIU 's Post campus into a single athletic program ) , Loyola College in Maryland ( left in 1989 ) , Marist College ( left in 1997 ) , Robert Morris University , St. Francis College ( NY ) , Saint Francis College ( PA ) , Siena College ( left in 1984 ) , Towson State University ( left in 1982 ) , the University of Baltimore ( left in 1983 ) and Wagner College . The conference 's name was changed to its present form on August 1 , 1988 . Other names considered were Big North , Great North , North Shore , Northern , Northeastern , Eastern and Eastern Private Intercollegiate . The Northeast Conference has expanded eight times since 1981 . The expansions and additions from the original charter members were in 1985 ( Monmouth University , which left in 2013 ) , 1989 ( Mount St. Mary 's University ) , 1992 ( Rider University , which left in 1997 ) , 1997 ( Central Connecticut State University ) , 1998 ( Quinnipiac University and the University of Maryland , Baltimore County which respectively left in 2013 and 2003 ) , 1999 ( Sacred Heart University ) , 2008 ( Bryant University ) , and 2019 ( Merrimack College ) . The Northeast Conference 's rank was largest at 12 in 2008 with the addition of Bryant University ; it dropped to 10 in 2013 with the departure of Monmouth and Quinnipiac for the MAAC , and returned to 11 with the 2019 addition of Merrimack . The most recent changes were announced in 2018 and took effect with the 2019-20 school year . First , on September 10 , the NEC announced it would add Merrimack ."}]}, {'value': 'Division I-AA Independent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FCS_independent_schools', 'summary': 'NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions in the United States whose football programs are not part of a football conference . This means that FCS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition as conference schools do . As of the next college football season of 2020 , three schools will play as FCS independents . Presbyterian will spend only the 2020 season as an independent . It began a transition to non-scholarship FCS football in 2017 and will play the final season of that transition as an FCS independent before joining the Pioneer Football League in 2021 . ( Presbyterian will remain a full but non-football Big South member . ) Also in 2020 , Dixie State and Tarleton State will move up from Division II , with both joining the non-football Western Athletic Conference . Both schools have announced they will play as FCS independents for the foreseeable future . The only school that had played as an FCS independent in the most recently completed 2019 season , North Dakota , will join the Missouri Valley Football Conference in July 2020 . The Fighting Hawks left the Big Sky Conference for the non-football Summit League in July 2018 , but agreed to honor existing contracts to play Big Sky members in football , and thus played a full Big Sky football schedule in both 2018 and 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Wayne State Warriors', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wayne_State_University', 'summary': 'Wayne State University ( WSU ) is a public research university in Detroit , Michigan . It is the third largest university in Michigan . Founded in 1868 , WSU consists of 13 schools and colleges offering nearly 350 programs to nearly 27,000 graduate and undergraduate students . Wayne State University , along with the University of Michigan and Michigan State University , comprise the University Research Corridor of Michigan . The WSU main campus comprises 203 acres linking more than 100 education and research buildings . The Wayne State Warriors compete in the NCAA Division II Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference ( GLIAC ) .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Wayne_State_Warriors_women's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Wayne State Warriors women 's ice hockey is a defunct college ice hockey program represented at Wayne State University . The Warriors competed at the NCAA Division I level in the Great Lakes Women 's Hockey Association from 1999-2002 and in College Hockey America 2002-2011 ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's ice hockey", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Great Lakes Women 's Hockey Association", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CHA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/College_Hockey_America', 'summary': "College Hockey America ( CHA ) is a women 's college ice hockey conference in the United States . It participates in the NCAA 's Division I as a hockey-only conference . The conference is made up of six teams , with three in Pennsylvania ; two in New York , and one in Missouri ."}]}], 'section_title': 'History -- 2002–2003', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'NCAA_Division_I_conference_realignment_18', 'intro': 'N/A'}	null	null	How many teams does the former Big West member field ?	21
0a341b9f1a69e3b4	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroLeague_Final_Four', 'title': 'EuroLeague Final Four', 'header': ['Season', 'Final Four MVP', 'Club'], 'data': [{'value': '1987-88', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_FIBA_European_Champions_Cup_Final_Four', 'summary': 'The 1988 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four was the concluding tournament of the 1987-88 FIBA European Champions Cup , and the first one with the new FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four format , since the 1967 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four . Tracer Milano won its third title .'}]}, {'value': 'Bob McAdoo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_McAdoo', 'summary': 'Robert Allen McAdoo ( born September 25 , 1951 ) is an American former professional basketball player and coach . He played 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , where he was a five-time NBA All-Star and named the NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) in 1975 . He won two NBA championships with the Los Angeles Lakers during their Showtime era in the 1980s . In 2000 , McAdoo was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame . McAdoo played at the center and power forward positions . In his 21-season playing career , he spent 14 seasons in the NBA and his final seven in the Lega Basket Serie A in Italy . McAdoo is one of the few players who have won both NBA and the FIBA European Champions Cup ( EuroLeague ) titles as a player . He later won three more NBA titles in 2006 , 2012 and 2013 as an assistant coach with the Miami Heat .'}]}, {'value': 'Tracer Milano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pallacanestro_Olimpia_Milano', 'summary': 'Pallacanestro Olimpia Milano , also known as AX Armani Exchange Olimpia Milan after its title sponsor , is an LBA Italian professional basketball team , based in Milan , Italy . Its colors are red and white , and the team is sometimes referred as Scarpette Rosse ( Little Red Shoes ) because team officials imported red Converse All-Star shoes for players from the United States . The tag line stuck , and the nickname is still used by many fans today . As per custom in the Italian league , sponsorship has kept the team name changing frequently . From 1930 until 1955 , it was called Borletti Milano . From 1956 to 1973 , it was renamed Simmenthal . Other famous sponsorship names were Billy , Simac , Tracer , and Philips , in the 1980s . For past club sponsorship names , see the list below . Olimpia is the most titled basketball club in Italy , having won 28 Italian League championships , 6 Italian National Cups , 3 Italian Super Cups , 3 EuroLeague , 1 FIBA Intercontinental Cup , 3 FIBA Saporta Cups , 2 FIBA Korać Cups and many junior titles .'}]}, {'value': '1988-89', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1989_FIBA_European_Champions_Cup_Final_Four', 'summary': "The 1989 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four was the 1988-89 season 's FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four tournament , organized by FIBA Europe . Jugoplastika won its first title , after defeating Maccabi Elite in the final game ."}]}, {'value': 'Dino Rađa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dino_Rađa', 'summary': "Dino Rađa ( Anglicized : Dino Radja , Croatian pronunciation : [ ˌdǐːno ˈrâd͜ʑa ] ) ( born 24 April 1967 ) , is a Croatian former professional basketball player . He was a member of the Jugoplastika team of the late 1980s and early 1990s , which he helped to win two FIBA European Champions Cup championships ( 1989 and 1990 ) . He spent three and a half seasons with the Boston Celtics , being one of the European pioneers in the NBA . Rađa was named one of FIBA 's 50 Greatest Players in 1991 , and one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors in 2008 . He was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame , as a member of the 2018 class ."}]}, {'value': 'Jugoplastika', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KK_Split', 'summary': 'Košarkaški klub Split , commonly referred to as KK Split or simply Split , is a Croatian professional basketball club from Split , that plays in the ABA League and the Croatian League .'}]}, {'value': '1989-90', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1990_FIBA_European_Champions_Cup_Final_Four', 'summary': "The 1990 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four was the 1989-90 season 's FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four tournament , organized by FIBA Europe . Jugoplastika won its second title in a row , after defeating FC Barcelona in the final game ."}]}, {'value': 'Toni Kukoč', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toni_Kukoč', 'summary': 'Toni Kukoč ( pronounced [ kukotʃ ] ; born September 18 , 1968 ) is a Croatian former professional basketball player who is currently Special Advisor to Jerry Reinsdorf , the owner of the Chicago Bulls . After a highly successful period in European basketball , he was one of the first established European stars to play in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He won the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award in 1996 . Kukoč was renowned for his versatility and passing ability ; although his natural position was small forward , he played all five positions on the court with prowess and demonstrated court vision and an outside shooting touch that were seldom found in players of his height . Together with Vassilis Spanoulis , they are the only players in history to achieve the EuroLeague Final Four MVP honor on three occasions . He was elected to the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Jugoplastika', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KK_Split', 'summary': 'Košarkaški klub Split , commonly referred to as KK Split or simply Split , is a Croatian professional basketball club from Split , that plays in the ABA League and the Croatian League .'}]}, {'value': '1990-91', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_FIBA_European_Champions_Cup_Final_Four', 'summary': "The 1991 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four was the 1990-91 season 's FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four tournament , organized by FIBA Europe . Pop 84 won its third title in a row , after defeating FC Barcelona in the final game ."}]}, {'value': 'Toni Kukoč ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toni_Kukoč', 'summary': 'Toni Kukoč ( pronounced [ kukotʃ ] ; born September 18 , 1968 ) is a Croatian former professional basketball player who is currently Special Advisor to Jerry Reinsdorf , the owner of the Chicago Bulls . After a highly successful period in European basketball , he was one of the first established European stars to play in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He won the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award in 1996 . Kukoč was renowned for his versatility and passing ability ; although his natural position was small forward , he played all five positions on the court with prowess and demonstrated court vision and an outside shooting touch that were seldom found in players of his height . Together with Vassilis Spanoulis , they are the only players in history to achieve the EuroLeague Final Four MVP honor on three occasions . He was elected to the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Pop 84', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KK_Split', 'summary': 'Košarkaški klub Split , commonly referred to as KK Split or simply Split , is a Croatian professional basketball club from Split , that plays in the ABA League and the Croatian League .'}]}, {'value': '1991-92', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_FIBA_European_League_Final_Four', 'summary': "The 1992 FIBA European League Final Four , or 1992 FIBA EuroLeague Final Four , was the 1991-92 season 's FIBA European League Final Four tournament , organized by FIBA Europe . Partizan won its first title , after defeating Montigalà Joventut in the final game , with a buzzer-beater by Saša Djordjević ."}]}, {'value': 'Sasha Danilović', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sasha_Danilović', 'summary': 'Predrag Saša Danilović ( Serbian Cyrillic : Предраг Саша Даниловић , pronounced [ prêdraːɡ saːʃa danǐːloʋitɕ ] ; born February 26 , 1970 ) , usually referred to in English as Sasha Danilović , is a Serbian professional basketball executive and former player , considered one of the best European shooting guards during the 1990s . Danilović was the EuroLeague Final Four MVP in 1992 , was voted Mister Europa Player of the Year in 1998 , and was Italian League MVP the same year . Beginning in 2007 , Danilović served as the president of Partizan , the club with which he spent six years as a player , during the 1980s and early 1990s . In 2015 , he resigned from the position . On 15 December 2016 , Danilović became the president of the Basketball Federation of Serbia ( KSS ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Partizan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KK_Partizan', 'summary': "Košarkaški klub Partizan ( Serbian Cyrillic : Кошаркашки клуб Партизан , English : Partizan Basketball Club ) , commonly referred to as KK Partizan or simply Partizan , is a men 's professional basketball club based in Belgrade , Serbia . It is part of the multi-sports Belgrade-based club Partizan . The club is a founding member and shareholder of the Adriatic Basketball Association , and competes in the ABA League , the EuroCup and in the Basketball League of Serbia . Since 1945 , Partizan has won 48 trophies and is the holder of the 21 national champion titles . They have also won 16 national basketball cups , 6 Adriatic championships and 1 ABA League Supercup , and most notably the European Champion trophy at the Final Four of the EuroLeague in Istanbul in 1992 . The final game was notable for the buzzer-beater by Aleksandar Đorđević which ranks among the most famous shots in basketball history . They also won 3 Korać Cups in 1978 , 1979 and 1989 and participated in four Euroleague Final Fours . In September 2009 , Partizan became the first and to this day the only Serbian team to play an official game against an NBA team ."}]}, {'value': '1992-93', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1993_FIBA_European_League_Final_Four', 'summary': "The 1993 FIBA European League Final Four , or 1993 FIBA EuroLeague Final Four , was the 1992-93 season 's FIBA European League Final Four tournament , organized by FIBA Europe . Limoges CSP won its first title , after defeating Benetton Treviso in the final game . It was the first time a French team was the European champion ."}]}, {'value': 'Toni Kukoč ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toni_Kukoč', 'summary': 'Toni Kukoč ( pronounced [ kukotʃ ] ; born September 18 , 1968 ) is a Croatian former professional basketball player who is currently Special Advisor to Jerry Reinsdorf , the owner of the Chicago Bulls . After a highly successful period in European basketball , he was one of the first established European stars to play in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He won the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award in 1996 . Kukoč was renowned for his versatility and passing ability ; although his natural position was small forward , he played all five positions on the court with prowess and demonstrated court vision and an outside shooting touch that were seldom found in players of his height . Together with Vassilis Spanoulis , they are the only players in history to achieve the EuroLeague Final Four MVP honor on three occasions . He was elected to the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Benetton Treviso', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pallacanestro_Treviso', 'summary': 'Pallacanestro Treviso , named Benetton Basket due to a long running sponsorship by the Benetton Group and widely referred to as Benetton Treviso , is an Italian youth basketball club based in Treviso , Veneto . The club was previously a successful professional club until 2012 when the Benetton Group decided to withdraw from professional basketball , though they retained the youth section at La Ghirada , the sports complex they own . For past club sponsorship names , see sponsorship names .'}]}, {'value': '1993-94', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_FIBA_European_League_Final_Four', 'summary': "The 1994 FIBA European League Final Four , or 1994 FIBA EuroLeague Final Four , was the 1993-94 season 's FIBA European League Final Four tournament , organized by FIBA Europe . 7up Joventut won its first title , after defeating Olympiacos in the final game ."}]}, {'value': 'Žarko Paspalj', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Žarko_Paspalj', 'summary': "Žarko Paspalj ( Serbian Cyrillic : Жарко Паспаљ ; born March 27 , 1966 ) is a retired professional basketball player and sports administrator from Serbia . The EuroLeague Final Four MVP in 1994 , his sixteen and a half seasons career was mostly spent in Yugoslavia and Greece , along with several short stints in the NBA , France , and Italy . Since 2009 , he has been vice-president of the Serbian Olympic Committee . For years , Paspalj was an automatic choice for Yugoslavia 's senior national team , representing his country in one FIBA World Cup , two Olympics , and four EuroBaskets . He earned an All-EuroBasket Team selection in 1989 ."}]}, {'value': 'Olympiacos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympiacos_B.C.', 'summary': "Olympiacos B.C . ( Greek : ΚΑΕ Ολυμπιακός Σ.Φ.Π . ) , commonly referred to as Olympiacos and Olympiacos Piraeus , is a Greek professional basketball club based in Piraeus , Athens , part of the major multi-sport club , Olympiacos CFP . The team currently competes only in the EuroLeague , after their decision to withdraw from the 2018-19 games against arch-rival Panathinaikos over long-standing refereeing disputes ; thus , the club is represented by a reserve team for the domestic competitions , called Olympiacos B.C . B Development Team . The parent club was founded in 1925 , with the basketball team created in 1931 , and their home ground is the Peace and Friendship Stadium in Piraeus . Olympiacos has been established as one of the most successful clubs in Greek basketball history and one of the most successful clubs in European basketball , having won three EuroLeagues , one FIBA Intercontinental Cup , one Triple Crown , twelve Greek League titles and nine Greek Cups . As a traditional European powerhouse , Olympiacos have also been five times EuroLeague runners-up and , having played a total of eight finals , they are the Greek club with the most EuroLeague Final appearances . They have also participated in ten EuroLeague Final Fours . The first major achievement of Olympiacos in European competitions was their presence in the 1978-79 FIBA European Champions Cup semifinals group stage , but it was in the 1990s that Olympiacos made their biggest mark . They became the first ever Greek club that reached the EuroLeague Final , being runners-up in two consecutive seasons ( 1994 and 1995 ) , winning their first EuroLeague title in 1997 , after a convincing 73-58 win to Barcelona in Rome , which was a record margin win at the time for one-leg final in the competition 's history . In the same season , they achieved the first Triple Crown for a Greek team and as European champions they played in the 1997 McDonald 's Championship , where they met in the final the Michael Jordan 's NBA champions , the Chicago Bulls ."}]}, {'value': '1994-95', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_FIBA_European_League_Final_Four', 'summary': "The 1995 FIBA European League Final Four was the 1994-95 season 's FIBA European League Final Four tournament , organized by FIBA Europe . The event was hosted at the Pabellón Príncipe Felipe in Zaragoza , Spain . The event was held from April 11 until April 13 , 1995 . Real Madrid Teka won its eighth title , after defeating Olympiacos in the final game ."}]}, {'value': 'Arvydas Sabonis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arvydas_Sabonis', 'summary': 'Arvydas Romas Sabonis ( Lithuanian pronunciation : \u200b [ ˈaːrviːdaːs ˈsaːboːnʲɪs ] ; born December 19 , 1964 ) is a Lithuanian retired professional basketball player and businessman . Recognized as one of the best European players of all time , he won the Euroscar six times , and the Mr. Europa Award twice . He played in a variety of leagues , and spent seven seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , in the United States . Playing the center position , Sabonis won a gold medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics , in South Korea , for the Soviet Union , and later earned bronze medals at the 1992 Olympic Games and 1996 Olympic Games , while representing Lithuania . He retired from professional basketball in 2005 . Sabonis was selected by the Portland Trail Blazers , in the first round of the 1986 NBA draft , but he did not play his first NBA game until the age of 30 , in 1995 . Sabonis is considered one of the best big man passers , as well as one of the best overall centers , in the history of the game . Bill Walton once called Sabonis , a 7 ft 3 in ( 2.21 m ) Larry Bird , due to his unique court vision , shooting range , rugged in-game mentality , and versatility . On August 20 , 2010 , Sabonis was inducted into the FIBA Hall of Fame , in recognition of his great play in international competition . On April 4 , 2011 , Sabonis was named to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame , and he was as a player , inducted on August 12 , 2011 . At that time , he was the tallest player to ever enter the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame ; one year later , he would be surpassed by 7 ft 4 in ( 2.24 m ) Ralph Sampson . On October 24 , 2011 , Sabonis was voted as the next President of the Lithuanian Basketball Federation , replacing Vladas Garastas , who had led the LBF since 1991 .'}]}, {'value': 'Real Madrid Teka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Real_Madrid_Baloncesto', 'summary': "Real Madrid Baloncesto ( English : Real Madrid Basketball ) is a Spanish professional basketball team that was founded in 1931 , as a division of the Real Madrid CF multi sports club . They play domestically in the Liga ACB , and internationally in the EuroLeague . As successful as the Real Madrid athletic association 's football club , the basketball team has been the most successful of its peers in both Spain and Europe . The Real Madrid squads have won a record 35 Spanish League championships , including in 7-in-a-row and 10-in-a-row sequences . They have also won a record 28 Spanish Cup titles , a record 10 EuroLeague Championships , and a record 4 Saporta Cups . Madrid has also won a record 5 Intercontinental Cups , and they have also won 3 Triple Crowns . Some of the club 's star players over the years have included : Arvydas Sabonis , Dražen Petrović , Rudy Fernández , Serge Ibaka , Dražen Dalipagić , Nikola Mirotić , Juan Antonio Corbalán , Fernando Martín , Alberto Herreros , Dejan Bodiroga , and Luka Dončić . Real Madrid also has a developmental basketball team that plays in the amateur level Spanish 4th-tier Liga EBA , called Real Madrid B ."}]}, {'value': '1995-96', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_FIBA_European_League_Final_Four', 'summary': "The 1996 FIBA European League Final Four , or 1996 FIBA EuroLeague Final Four , was the 1995-96 season 's FIBA European League Final Four tournament , organized by FIBA Europe . Panathinaikos won its first title , after defeating Barcelona in the final game ."}]}, {'value': 'Dominique Wilkins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dominique_Wilkins', 'summary': "Jacques Dominique Wilkins ( born January 12 , 1960 ) is an American retired professional basketball player who primarily played for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Wilkins was a nine-time NBA All-Star , and is widely viewed as one of the best dunkers in NBA history , earning the nickname The Human Highlight Reel . In 2006 , Wilkins was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . In addition to his eleven seasons with the Hawks , Wilkins had short stints with the Los Angeles Clippers , the Boston Celtics , Panathinaikos Athens ( a professional team in Greece 's top-tier level Greek Basket League , with whom he won his first titles , the FIBA European League and the Greek Cup ) , Fortitudo Bologna ( a professional team in Italy 's top-tier level LBA ) , the San Antonio Spurs , and the Orlando Magic before he retired in 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'Panathinaikos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Panathinaikos_B.C.', 'summary': "Panathinaikos B.C . ( Greek : ΚΑΕ Παναθηναϊκός ) , also known simply as Panathinaikos , or by its current name Panathinaikos B.C . OPAP for sponsorship reasons , is the professional basketball team of the major Athens-based multi-sport club Panathinaikos A.O . It is owned by the billionaire Giannakopoulos family . The parent athletic club was founded in 1908 , while the basketball team was created in 1919 , being one of the oldest in Greece . Alongside Aris , they are the only un-relegated teams with participation in every Greek First Division Championship until today . Panathinaikos has developed into the most successful basketball club in Greek basketball 's history , and one of the most successful clubs in European basketball , creating its own dynasty . They have won six EuroLeague Championships , thirty-seven Greek Basket League Championships , nineteen Greek Cups , one Intercontinental Cup and two Triple Crowns . They also hold the record for most consecutive Greek League titles , as they are the only team to have won nine consecutive championships ( 2003-2011 ) , as well as for the most consecutive Greek Basketball Cup titles ( six in a row ) from 2012 to 2017 . Panathinaikos counts one more championship , that took place in 1921 and was organized by YMCA , but it is not recognized by HEBA , because it was before the creation of Hellenic Basketball Federation . The team plays its home games at the O.A.C.A . Olympic Indoor Hall , which has a maximum capacity of 19,250 for basketball games ."}]}, {'value': '1996-97', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1997_FIBA_EuroLeague_Final_Four', 'summary': "The 1997 FIBA EuroLeague Final Four was the 1996-97 season 's FIBA EuroLeague Final Four tournament , organized by FIBA Europe . Olympiacos won its first title , after defeating FC Barcelona ."}]}, {'value': 'David Rivers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Rivers', 'summary': "David Lee Rivers ( born January 20 , 1965 ) is an American retired professional basketball player and coach . A 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) tall point guard , he reached star status in the EuroLeague , mainly while playing with Olympiacos , under head coach Dušan Ivković . Rivers played 3 seasons in the NBA , one with the Los Angeles Lakers ( 1988-89 ) and two more with the Los Angeles Clippers ( 1989-90 , 1991-92 ) . Following his retirement , he was an associate head coach for the Kennesaw State Owls in the 2014-15 season . Rivers grew up in Jersey City , and played high school basketball under Bob Hurley , at powerhouse St. Anthony High School ."}]}, {'value': 'Olympiacos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympiacos_B.C.', 'summary': "Olympiacos B.C . ( Greek : ΚΑΕ Ολυμπιακός Σ.Φ.Π . ) , commonly referred to as Olympiacos and Olympiacos Piraeus , is a Greek professional basketball club based in Piraeus , Athens , part of the major multi-sport club , Olympiacos CFP . The team currently competes only in the EuroLeague , after their decision to withdraw from the 2018-19 games against arch-rival Panathinaikos over long-standing refereeing disputes ; thus , the club is represented by a reserve team for the domestic competitions , called Olympiacos B.C . B Development Team . The parent club was founded in 1925 , with the basketball team created in 1931 , and their home ground is the Peace and Friendship Stadium in Piraeus . Olympiacos has been established as one of the most successful clubs in Greek basketball history and one of the most successful clubs in European basketball , having won three EuroLeagues , one FIBA Intercontinental Cup , one Triple Crown , twelve Greek League titles and nine Greek Cups . As a traditional European powerhouse , Olympiacos have also been five times EuroLeague runners-up and , having played a total of eight finals , they are the Greek club with the most EuroLeague Final appearances . They have also participated in ten EuroLeague Final Fours . The first major achievement of Olympiacos in European competitions was their presence in the 1978-79 FIBA European Champions Cup semifinals group stage , but it was in the 1990s that Olympiacos made their biggest mark . They became the first ever Greek club that reached the EuroLeague Final , being runners-up in two consecutive seasons ( 1994 and 1995 ) , winning their first EuroLeague title in 1997 , after a convincing 73-58 win to Barcelona in Rome , which was a record margin win at the time for one-leg final in the competition 's history . In the same season , they achieved the first Triple Crown for a Greek team and as European champions they played in the 1997 McDonald 's Championship , where they met in the final the Michael Jordan 's NBA champions , the Chicago Bulls ."}]}, {'value': '1997-98', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_FIBA_EuroLeague_Final_Four', 'summary': "The 1998 FIBA EuroLeague Final Four was the 1997-98 season 's FIBA EuroLeague Final Four tournament , organized by FIBA Europe . Kinder Bologna won its first title , after defeating AEK in the EuroLeague Finals , in the lowest scoring final ever ."}]}, {'value': 'Zoran Savić', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zoran_Savić', 'summary': "Zoran Savić ( Serbian Cyrillic : Зоран Савић ; born November 18 , 1966 ) is a retired Serbian professional basketball player . The 208 cm ( 6'10 ) tall center played in various European countries ."}]}, {'value': 'Kinder Bologna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virtus_Pallacanestro_Bologna', 'summary': "Virtus Pallacanestro Bologna , known for sponsorship reasons as Segafredo Virtus Bologna , is an Italian professional basketball club based in Bologna , Emilia-Romagna . The club was founded in 1929 , which makes it the oldest club in Italy and one of the oldest one in Europe . Virtus is the second most titled basketball club in Italy after Olimpia Milano , having won 15 Italian national championships , 8 Italian National Cups and 1 Italian Supercup . Moreover , it is one of the most successful teams in Europe , having won two EuroLeagues , one FIBA Saporta Cup and one Basketball Champions League . It currently plays in the Italian first division LBA as well as in the EuroCup . Some of the club 's star players over the years have included : Renato Villalta , Jim McMillian , Krešimir Ćosić , Micheal Ray Richardson , Roberto Brunamonti , Jure Zdovc , Predrag Danilović , Arijan Komazec , Orlando Woolridge , Zoran Savić , Bane Prelević , Radoslav Nesterović , Antoine Rigaudeau , Marko Jarić , Manu Ginóbili , Matjaž Smodiš and Miloš Teodosić ."}]}, {'value': '1998-99', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1999_FIBA_EuroLeague_Final_Four', 'summary': "The 1999 FIBA EuroLeague Final Four was the 1998-99 season 's FIBA EuroLeague Final Four tournament , organized by FIBA Europe . Žalgiris won its first title after , defeating Kinder Bologna in the final game ."}]}, {'value': 'Tyus Edney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tyus_Edney', 'summary': 'Tyus Dwayne Edney ( born February 14 , 1973 ) is an American basketball coach and former professional player who was most recently a college assistant coach for the UCLA Bruins . Listed at 5 feet 10 inches ( 1.78 m ) , he played point guard for UCLA from 1991 to 1995 , leading the Bruins to the 1995 NCAA National Championship . His game-winning shot for UCLA , in the second round of the 1995 NCAA Tournament , is considered to be one of the most famous plays in NCAA Tournament history . A two-time All-EuroLeague First Team selection , he led Žalgiris Kaunas to the 1999 EuroLeague title .'}]}, {'value': 'Žalgiris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BC_Žalgiris', 'summary': "Basketball Club Žalgiris ( Lithuanian : Krepšinio klubas Žalgiris ) is a professional basketball team that is based in Kaunas , Lithuania , and competes domestically in the Lietuvos krepšinio lyga ( LKL , Lithuanian Basketball League ) . Founded in 1944 , it is one of the oldest teams in the EuroLeague . Žalgiris is one of 11 European clubs to hold long-term licenses with the EuroLeague , which provides a guaranteed place in the regular-season phase of this league . Since the 2011-12 season , Žalgiris plays its home games in Žalgiris Arena , which was built just before EuroBasket 2011 . The club 's name commemorates the victorious Battle of Žalgiris ( Battle of Grunwald ) . Both Žalgiris and Grunwald translate to green grove . Žalgiris has featured many Lithuanian basketball legends during its history , including Arvydas Sabonis , Modestas Paulauskas and Šarūnas Jasikevičius . Eight of the twelve Lithuanian basketball players to play in the North American National Basketball Association ( NBA ) have played for Žalgiris or were part of the Žalgiris youth program at one point in their careers . ( The eight are : Arvydas Sabonis , Šarūnas Marčiulionis , Šarūnas Jasikevičius , Zydrunas Ilgauskas , Donatas Motiejūnas , Mindaugas Kuzminskas , Darius Songaila and Martynas Andriuškevičius . ) The team is the most-decorated Lithuanian basketball club , having won twenty Lithuanian championships , five Soviet championships , one European championship , and having reached the Lithuanian league finals every season since the league 's 1993 formation ."}]}, {'value': '1999-00', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_FIBA_EuroLeague_Final_Four', 'summary': "The 2000 FIBA EuroLeague Final Four was the FIBA EuroLeague Final Four tournament of the 1999-2000 season . It was the second to last edition of the FIBA EuroLeague Final Fours that were organized by FIBA Europe . For the next edition of the tournament , it would be replaced by the FIBA SuproLeague 's 2001 FIBA SuproLeague Final Four , and the new Euroleague Basketball competition 's 2001 Finals series , which was organized by the Euroleague Basketball Company . Panathinaikos won its second title , after defeating Maccabi Elite in the final game ."}]}, {'value': 'Željko Rebrača', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Željko_Rebrača', 'summary': 'Željko Rebrača ( Serbian Cyrillic : Жељко Ребрача ; born April 9 , 1972 ) is a retired Serbian professional basketball player . After playing in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , he finished his career with the Spanish ACB League team Pamesa Valencia .'}]}, {'value': 'Panathinaikos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Panathinaikos_B.C.', 'summary': "Panathinaikos B.C . ( Greek : ΚΑΕ Παναθηναϊκός ) , also known simply as Panathinaikos , or by its current name Panathinaikos B.C . OPAP for sponsorship reasons , is the professional basketball team of the major Athens-based multi-sport club Panathinaikos A.O . It is owned by the billionaire Giannakopoulos family . The parent athletic club was founded in 1908 , while the basketball team was created in 1919 , being one of the oldest in Greece . Alongside Aris , they are the only un-relegated teams with participation in every Greek First Division Championship until today . Panathinaikos has developed into the most successful basketball club in Greek basketball 's history , and one of the most successful clubs in European basketball , creating its own dynasty . They have won six EuroLeague Championships , thirty-seven Greek Basket League Championships , nineteen Greek Cups , one Intercontinental Cup and two Triple Crowns . They also hold the record for most consecutive Greek League titles , as they are the only team to have won nine consecutive championships ( 2003-2011 ) , as well as for the most consecutive Greek Basketball Cup titles ( six in a row ) from 2012 to 2017 . Panathinaikos counts one more championship , that took place in 1921 and was organized by YMCA , but it is not recognized by HEBA , because it was before the creation of Hellenic Basketball Federation . The team plays its home games at the O.A.C.A . Olympic Indoor Hall , which has a maximum capacity of 19,250 for basketball games ."}]}, {'value': '2000-01 †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2001_FIBA_SuproLeague_Final_Four', 'summary': 'The 2001 FIBA SuproLeague Final Four was the concluding tournament of the 2000-01 FIBA SuproLeague . It was the last Final Four tournament that was organized by FIBA Europe .'}]}, {'value': 'Ariel McDonald', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ariel_McDonald', 'summary': 'Ariel Rene McDonald ( born January 5 , 1972 ) is an American-Slovenian retired professional basketball player . He played at the point guard position . A high quality floor general who was the FIBA SuproLeague Final Four MVP in 2001 and an All-EuroLeague Second Team member in 2002 , McDonald played for top European teams like Montepaschi Siena , Olimpija Ljubljana , Maccabi Tel Aviv , Panathinaikos , Akasvayu Girona , and Dynamo Moscow .'}]}, {'value': 'Maccabi Elite Tel Aviv', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maccabi_Tel_Aviv_B.C.', 'summary': "Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C . , known for sponsorship reasons as the Maccabi FOX Tel Aviv ( מ.כ . מכבי פוקס תל-אביב ) , is a professional basketball club based in Tel Aviv , Israel . The team plays in the Israeli Premier League and internationally in the EuroLeague . The club started in the mid-1930s , as part of the Maccabi Tel Aviv Sports Club , which had been founded in 1906 . With 6 EuroLeague championships ( including the 2001 FIBA SuproLeague ) , one Adriatic League championship , 52 Israeli League championships , 44 Israeli State Cup titles , and 7 Israeli League Cup titles , Maccabi has been the most successful basketball team in Israel , and is also one of the most successful basketball teams outside of North America . Players such as Tal Brody , Miki Berkovich , Jim Boatwright , Kevin Magee , Earl Williams , and Aulcie Perry ; and more recently , Derrick Sharp , Šarūnas Jasikevičius , Tal Burstein , Anthony Parker , and Nikola Vujčić , have been among the elite of Europe 's basketball players ."}]}, {'value': '2000-01 †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2001_Euroleague_Finals', 'summary': 'The 2001 Euroleague Finals was the final playoffs for the title of the 2000-01 Euroleague . After five games , Kinder Bologna achieved its second title against TAU Cerámica . Argentine Manu Ginóbili was named MVP of the Finals .'}]}, {'value': 'Manu Ginóbili', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manu_Ginóbili', 'summary': 'Emanuel David Ginóbili ( English : /ˈmænuː dʒɪˈnoʊbli/ , Spanish : [ ˈmanu ʃiˈnoβili ] ; born 28 July 1977 ) is an Argentine former professional basketball player . Over a 23-season professional career , he became one of only two players ( along with Bill Bradley ) to have won a EuroLeague title , an NBA championship , and an Olympic gold medal . A four-time NBA champion , Ginóbili was a member of the San Antonio Spurs for his entire NBA career . Along with Spurs teammates Tim Duncan and Tony Parker , he was known as one of the Big Three . Ginóbili comes from a family of professional basketball players . He spent the early part of his career in Argentina and Italy , where he holds dual citizenship , and won several individual and team honors . His stint with Italian club Kinder Bologna was particularly successful ; he won two Italian League MVP awards , the EuroLeague Finals MVP and the 2001 EuroLeague championship and Triple Crown . Selected as the 57th overall pick in the 1999 NBA draft , Ginóbili joined the Spurs in 2002 , and soon became a key player for the team . In addition to his four NBA championships , Ginóbili was named an All-Star in 2005 and 2011 , and has been selected twice for the All-NBA Third Team . In 2007-08 , he was named the NBA Sixth Man of the Year . Ginóbili announced his retirement from the NBA on 27 August 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kinder Bologna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virtus_Pallacanestro_Bologna', 'summary': "Virtus Pallacanestro Bologna , known for sponsorship reasons as Segafredo Virtus Bologna , is an Italian professional basketball club based in Bologna , Emilia-Romagna . The club was founded in 1929 , which makes it the oldest club in Italy and one of the oldest one in Europe . Virtus is the second most titled basketball club in Italy after Olimpia Milano , having won 15 Italian national championships , 8 Italian National Cups and 1 Italian Supercup . Moreover , it is one of the most successful teams in Europe , having won two EuroLeagues , one FIBA Saporta Cup and one Basketball Champions League . It currently plays in the Italian first division LBA as well as in the EuroCup . Some of the club 's star players over the years have included : Renato Villalta , Jim McMillian , Krešimir Ćosić , Micheal Ray Richardson , Roberto Brunamonti , Jure Zdovc , Predrag Danilović , Arijan Komazec , Orlando Woolridge , Zoran Savić , Bane Prelević , Radoslav Nesterović , Antoine Rigaudeau , Marko Jarić , Manu Ginóbili , Matjaž Smodiš and Miloš Teodosić ."}]}, {'value': '2001-02', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Euroleague_Final_Four', 'summary': 'The 2002 Euroleague Final Four was the concluding Euroleague Final Four tournament of the 2001-02 Euroleague season . The event was hosted form 3 till 5 May 2002 , and all games were played at the PalaMalaguti , in Bologna .'}]}, {'value': 'Dejan Bodiroga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dejan_Bodiroga', 'summary': 'Dejan Bodiroga ( Serbian Cyrillic : Дејан Бодирога ; born 2 March 1973 ) is a Serbian basketball executive and former professional basketball player . Listed at 2.05 m ( 6 ft. 8 \u200b3⁄4 in . ) and 110 kg ( 243 lbs . ) , he mainly played at the small forward position , but he could also play point forward , and both guard positions . A EuroLeague icon of the early part of the 2000s , Bodiroga proved himself to be a symbol of basketball excellence , by lifting consecutive EuroLeague trophies , with Panathinaikos and FC Barcelona , as he earned the EuroLeague Final Four MVP award both times . Among many other honors , Bodiroga was named to the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors and the EuroLeague 2000-10 All-Decade Team . Bodiroga led the senior FR Yugoslavian national team to two FIBA World Cup titles , in 1998 and 2002 , earning MVP honors in the former . In addition , he won three EuroBasket gold medals ( 1995 , 1997 , 2001 ) , and a bronze ( 1999 ) , as well as an Olympic silver medal in 1996 .'}]}, {'value': 'Panathinaikos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Panathinaikos_B.C.', 'summary': "Panathinaikos B.C . ( Greek : ΚΑΕ Παναθηναϊκός ) , also known simply as Panathinaikos , or by its current name Panathinaikos B.C . OPAP for sponsorship reasons , is the professional basketball team of the major Athens-based multi-sport club Panathinaikos A.O . It is owned by the billionaire Giannakopoulos family . The parent athletic club was founded in 1908 , while the basketball team was created in 1919 , being one of the oldest in Greece . Alongside Aris , they are the only un-relegated teams with participation in every Greek First Division Championship until today . Panathinaikos has developed into the most successful basketball club in Greek basketball 's history , and one of the most successful clubs in European basketball , creating its own dynasty . They have won six EuroLeague Championships , thirty-seven Greek Basket League Championships , nineteen Greek Cups , one Intercontinental Cup and two Triple Crowns . They also hold the record for most consecutive Greek League titles , as they are the only team to have won nine consecutive championships ( 2003-2011 ) , as well as for the most consecutive Greek Basketball Cup titles ( six in a row ) from 2012 to 2017 . Panathinaikos counts one more championship , that took place in 1921 and was organized by YMCA , but it is not recognized by HEBA , because it was before the creation of Hellenic Basketball Federation . The team plays its home games at the O.A.C.A . Olympic Indoor Hall , which has a maximum capacity of 19,250 for basketball games ."}]}, {'value': '2002-03', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Euroleague_Final_Four', 'summary': 'The 2003 Euroleague Final Four was the concluding Euroleague Final Four tournament of the 2002-03 Euroleague season . The event was held from May 9 until May 11 , 2003 and was hosted at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona , Spain . FC Barcelona won their first Euroleague title in their hometown city after beating Montepaschi Siena in the championship game .'}]}, {'value': 'Dejan Bodiroga ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dejan_Bodiroga', 'summary': 'Dejan Bodiroga ( Serbian Cyrillic : Дејан Бодирога ; born 2 March 1973 ) is a Serbian basketball executive and former professional basketball player . Listed at 2.05 m ( 6 ft. 8 \u200b3⁄4 in . ) and 110 kg ( 243 lbs . ) , he mainly played at the small forward position , but he could also play point forward , and both guard positions . A EuroLeague icon of the early part of the 2000s , Bodiroga proved himself to be a symbol of basketball excellence , by lifting consecutive EuroLeague trophies , with Panathinaikos and FC Barcelona , as he earned the EuroLeague Final Four MVP award both times . Among many other honors , Bodiroga was named to the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors and the EuroLeague 2000-10 All-Decade Team . Bodiroga led the senior FR Yugoslavian national team to two FIBA World Cup titles , in 1998 and 2002 , earning MVP honors in the former . In addition , he won three EuroBasket gold medals ( 1995 , 1997 , 2001 ) , and a bronze ( 1999 ) , as well as an Olympic silver medal in 1996 .'}]}, {'value': 'FC Barcelona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Barcelona_Bàsquet', 'summary': "FC Barcelona Bàsquet ( English : FC Barcelona Basketball ) , commonly referred to as FC Barcelona ( Catalan pronunciation : [ fubˈbɔl ˈklub bəɾsəˈlonə ] ( listen ) ) and colloquially known as Barça ( [ ˈbaɾsə ] ) , is a Spanish professional basketball club . It is a part of the FC Barcelona multi sports club , and was founded on 24 August 1926 , which makes it the oldest club in the Liga ACB . The club competes domestically in the Liga ACB and in the EuroLeague . Two times European champions , Barça completed a triple crown in 2003 by winning the season 's league , cup and EuroLeague . The team plays its home games at Palau Blaugrana , which was opened on 23 October 1971 . They share the facilities with the roller hockey , futsal , and handball teams of the club . Some of the well-known players that have played with the team included Pau Gasol , Rony Seikaly , Marc Gasol , Anderson Varejão , Juan Carlos Navarro , Jaka Lakovič , Šarūnas Jasikevičius , Dejan Bodiroga , Gianluca Basile , Ricky Rubio , Juan Antonio San Epifanio , Saša Đorđević , and Tony Massenburg . FC Barcelona also has a reserve team , called FC Barcelona Bàsquet B , that plays in the Spanish 2nd-tier LEB Oro ."}]}, {'value': '2003-04', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Euroleague_Final_Four', 'summary': 'The 2004 Euroleague Final Four was the concluding Euroleague Final Four tournament of the 2003-04 Euroleague season .'}]}, {'value': 'Anthony Parker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Parker', 'summary': "Anthony Michael Parker ( born June 19 , 1975 ) is an American retired professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as well as in Italy and Israel . He is one of the most beloved and successful players in maccabi tel aviv history . After graduating from Bradley University with a major in liberal arts , he entered the 1997 NBA draft and played briefly in the NBA before plying his trade in Europe . There , Parker spent five seasons with the Israeli Super League basketball club Maccabi Tel Aviv and one season with the Italian Serie A club Lottomatica Roma . With Maccabi he won five Israeli Super League national championships , five Israeli National Cups , three European titles ( two EuroLeague Basketball titles , in 2004 and 2005 , and the FIBA SuproLeague title in 2001 ) , and was voted two consecutive times EuroLeague MVP . After returning to the NBA as a free agent in 2006 , Parker was the Toronto Raptors ' starting shooting guard . In his first season with the Raptors , Parker helped the team clinch their first ever division title , first NBA Playoffs berth in five years , and best regular season record in franchise history . He helped the Raptors reach the playoffs again in the 2007-08 season , before becoming a free agent in 2009 . On June 27 , 2012 , Anthony Parker retired after playing nine seasons in the NBA , five seasons in Israel , and one season in Italy . He is currently a scout for the Orlando Magic . On August 8 , 2017 he was named the general manager of the Lakeland Magic ."}]}, {'value': 'Maccabi Elite Tel Aviv', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maccabi_Tel_Aviv_B.C.', 'summary': "Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C . , known for sponsorship reasons as the Maccabi FOX Tel Aviv ( מ.כ . מכבי פוקס תל-אביב ) , is a professional basketball club based in Tel Aviv , Israel . The team plays in the Israeli Premier League and internationally in the EuroLeague . The club started in the mid-1930s , as part of the Maccabi Tel Aviv Sports Club , which had been founded in 1906 . With 6 EuroLeague championships ( including the 2001 FIBA SuproLeague ) , one Adriatic League championship , 52 Israeli League championships , 44 Israeli State Cup titles , and 7 Israeli League Cup titles , Maccabi has been the most successful basketball team in Israel , and is also one of the most successful basketball teams outside of North America . Players such as Tal Brody , Miki Berkovich , Jim Boatwright , Kevin Magee , Earl Williams , and Aulcie Perry ; and more recently , Derrick Sharp , Šarūnas Jasikevičius , Tal Burstein , Anthony Parker , and Nikola Vujčić , have been among the elite of Europe 's basketball players ."}]}, {'value': '2004-05', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2005_Euroleague_Final_Four', 'summary': 'The 2005 Euroleague Final Four was the concluding Euroleague Final Four tournament of the 2004-05 Euroleague season . The tournament was held on May 6 and on May 8 , 2005 . The event was held at Olimpiisky Arena in Moscow , Russia .'}]}, {'value': 'Šarūnas Jasikevičius', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Šarūnas_Jasikevičius', 'summary': 'Šarūnas Šaras Jasikevičius ( [ ʃɐˈrûːnɐs jɛsʲɪˈkʲæːvʲɪtɕʊs ] ( listen ) ; born 5 March 1976 ) is a Lithuanian professional basketball coach and former professional player . He currently serves as a head coach for Žalgiris of the Lithuanian Basketball League and the EuroLeague . During his playing career , standing at a height of 6 ft 4 in ( 1.93 m ) tall , he played at the point guard position . Often considered one of the best Lithuanian and European point guards ever , Jasikevičius was a two-time All-EuroLeague First Team selection , the EuroLeague Final Four MVP in 2005 and a four-time triple crown winner . Moreover , he is the only player in EuroLeague history to win the competition with three different clubs . A former representative of the senior Lithuanian national team , he won the gold medal at the 2003 EuroBasket , earning an All-EuroBasket Team selection and MVP honors in the process . He also won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympic Games , and the bronze medal at the 2007 EuroBasket . On 9 February 2015 , Jasikevičius was named a EuroLeague Basketball Legend , as a reward for his stunning playing career . He was then honored with a ceremony on 12 February .'}]}, {'value': 'Maccabi Elite Tel Aviv', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maccabi_Tel_Aviv_B.C.', 'summary': "Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C . , known for sponsorship reasons as the Maccabi FOX Tel Aviv ( מ.כ . מכבי פוקס תל-אביב ) , is a professional basketball club based in Tel Aviv , Israel . The team plays in the Israeli Premier League and internationally in the EuroLeague . The club started in the mid-1930s , as part of the Maccabi Tel Aviv Sports Club , which had been founded in 1906 . With 6 EuroLeague championships ( including the 2001 FIBA SuproLeague ) , one Adriatic League championship , 52 Israeli League championships , 44 Israeli State Cup titles , and 7 Israeli League Cup titles , Maccabi has been the most successful basketball team in Israel , and is also one of the most successful basketball teams outside of North America . Players such as Tal Brody , Miki Berkovich , Jim Boatwright , Kevin Magee , Earl Williams , and Aulcie Perry ; and more recently , Derrick Sharp , Šarūnas Jasikevičius , Tal Burstein , Anthony Parker , and Nikola Vujčić , have been among the elite of Europe 's basketball players ."}]}, {'value': '2005-06', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Euroleague_Final_Four', 'summary': 'The 2006 Euroleague Final Four was the concluding Euroleague Final Four tournament of the 2005-06 Euroleague season . The event was held on April 28 and on April 30 , 2006 at the O2 Arena in Prague . CSKA Moscow won its fifth EuroLeague championship , after beating Maccabi Tel Aviv in the Final .'}]}, {'value': 'Theo Papaloukas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Theo_Papaloukas', 'summary': "Theódoros Papaloukás ( Greek : Θεόδωρος Παπαλουκάς ; born May 8 , 1977 ) , commonly also known as Theo Papaloukas or Thodoris Papaloukas , is a retired Greek professional basketball player . He was a four-time All-EuroLeague selection , a member of the EuroLeague 2000-10 All-Decade Team and was named one of the 50 greatest EuroLeague contributors in 2008 . A revolutionary figure in basketball , as illustrated by his unique ability to come off the bench and alter the course of an encounter , and his uncanny feel for the game , he symbolized the rise of European basketball in the new millennium . Papaloukas started his career in 1995 , with his local club of Ampelokipoi , before being transferred two years later to Dafni , and then to Panionios in 1999 . His performances with the latter earned him a transfer to EuroLeague powerhouse Olympiacos , where in 2002 , he won his first title , the Greek Cup . A year later , he moved to Moscow for CSKA , the club that he would help to regain its past glory . After making a minimal impact during his first two seasons in the Russian capital , he evolved into a major contributor to CSKA 's success , playing as a sixth man in the 2004-05 season , both in the EuroLeague and the Russian Super League A . In 2006 , Papaloukas led CSKA to their first EuroLeague title in thirty-five years , and thus earning an All-EuroLeague First Team selection and the EuroLeague Final Four MVP award in the process . The following year , he cemented his status as a EuroLeague competition icon , after being named the EuroLeague MVP , before falling short of a second straight EuroLeague title in the championship 's final against Panathinaikos . In 2008 , he won his second EuroLeague title with CSKA , in what would be his last year in Moscow . In the summer of 2008 , Papaloukas returned to Olympiacos , and with them he reached another two EuroLeague Final Fours , thereby giving him a then record of eight consecutive EuroLeague Final Four appearances , a record he shared at the time with his former teammate J.R. Holden . On December 12 , 2013 , he was honored with a EuroLeague Basketball Legend Award ."}]}, {'value': 'CSKA Moscow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PBC_CSKA_Moscow', 'summary': "PBC CSKA Moscow ( Russian : ПБК ЦСКА Москва ) is a Russian professional basketball team based in Moscow , Russia . The club is a member of the VTB United League and the EuroLeague . CSKA won two titles between 2006 and 2008 , as well as between 2016 and 2019 , in Europe 's principal club competition , the EuroLeague , making the final in all seasons these years , and in total has advanced to the EuroLeague Final Four 17 times in the 21st century . CSKA is dominating in VTB United League , winning all but one titles up-to-date . With 8 EuroLeague championships , one NEBL championship , 50 home league championships , 7 home cups and 10 VTB United League titles in total , CSKA is the most successful basketball team in Russia ( former Soviet Union ) , and is also one of the most successful basketball teams in Europe . In EuroLeague in 2006 CSKA won its first title in a long time , defeating Maccabi 73-69 in the final in Prague . Next year the team lost in the 2007 final 93-91 to Panathinaikos on the Greens ' home floor , the Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall in Athens . In 2008 , they won a rematch of the 2006 final against Maccabi 91-77 in Madrid . In 2009 , they lost a rematch of the 2007 final against Panathinaikos 73-71 in Berlin . The club competed in 8 consecutive EuroLeague Final Fours from 2003 to 2010 , which is an all-time record . CSKA then won its seventh title in 2016 , after beating Fenerbahçe in the final , by a score of 101-96 , in overtime . The last European title up-to-date was won in 2019 , when CSKA defeated Anadolu Efes in the final in Vitoria-Gasteiz ."}]}], 'section_title': 'EuroLeague Final Four MVPs', 'section_text': 'Main article : EuroLeague Final Four MVP', 'uid': 'Euroleague_Final_Four_2', 'intro': 'The EuroLeague Final Four is the final four format championship of the European-wide top-tier level EuroLeague professional club basketball competition. The Euroleague Basketball Company used the final four format for the first time in 2002, following the 2001 FIBA SuproLeague Final Four, which was the last final four held by FIBA Europe. In the original FIBA Europe competition, as seen below, the final four was used for the first time at the 1966 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four. The final four format was used again the next year, with the 1967 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four, but was then abandoned. The final four finally returned as the format of choice, for the first time during its modern era, with the 1988 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four. It is known as the Turkish Airlines EuroLeague Final Four for name sponsorship reasons. Panathinaikos has been the most successful team at the EuroLeague Final Four, since the modern final four era began in the 1987-88 season, winning the title 6 times (1996, 2000, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2011). The EuroLeague Final Four is broadcast on TV in up to 213 countries and territories.'}	null	null	What is the club of the MVP who was born on 24 April 1967 ?	Jugoplastika
0a35539bf91f445c	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships', 'title': '1998 World Junior Figure Skating Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Name', 'Nation', 'TFP', 'SP', 'FS'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julia Soldatova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julia_Soldatova', 'summary': 'Julia Nikolayevna Soldatova ( Russian : Юлия Николаевна Солдатова , born 17 May 1981 ) is a Russian former competitive figure skater who competed for both Russia and Belarus . She represented Belarus at the 2002 Winter Olympics . She is the World Junior champion , the World bronze medalist , the European silver medalist , and the 1997 JGP Final champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '2.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elena Ivanova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elena_Ivanova', 'summary': 'Elena Ivanova ( Russian : Елена Иванова ; born 8 November 1979 ) is a Russian former competitive figure skater . She is the 1995 Finlandia Trophy champion , 1998 Nebelhorn Trophy silver medalist , and 1996 World Junior champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '2.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viktoria Volchkova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viktoria_Volchkova', 'summary': 'Viktoria Yevgenyevna Volchkova ( Russian : Виктория Евгеньевна Волчкова\u200b ( help·info ) ; married name : Butsaeva ( Russian : Буцаева ) ; born 30 July 1982 ) is a Russian figure skating coach and former competitor . She is a four-time ( 1999-2002 ) European bronze medalist , the 2002 Grand Prix Final bronze medalist , the 2002 Cup of Russia champion , and a seven-time Russian national medalist . She is also the 1998 JGP Final champion and a two-time ( 1998-99 ) World Junior bronze medalist .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '5.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brittney McConn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brittney_McConn', 'summary': "Brittney Anne McConn Bottoms ( born June 17 , 1980 ) is an American former competitive figure skater . She placed fourth at the 1998 World Junior Championships and won the Nebelhorn Trophy later that year . Her highest senior-level placement at the U.S. Championships was seventh , which she achieved three times . McConn retired from competition in 2001 . She became a member of U.S . Figure Skating 's International Committee ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '7.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Jurkiewicz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Jurkiewicz', 'summary': 'Anna Jurkiewicz ( Polish pronunciation : [ ˈanna jurˈkjɛvit͡ʂ ] ; born 9 February 1984 ) is a Polish former competitive figure skater . She is a three-time ( 2007-2009 ) Polish national champion . She qualified to the free skate at four ISU Championships - 1998 Junior Worlds in Saint John , New Brunswick , Canada ; 2007 Europeans in Warsaw , Poland ; 2008 Europeans in Zagreb , Croatia ; and 2009 Worlds in Los Angeles , California , United States ; . Jurkiewicz placed 5th at Junior Worlds in 1998 and the Junior Grand Prix Final in 1999 . She became the first-ever Polish skater to qualify for the JGP Final . The next season she suffered a back injury . In the summer of 2004 , she temporarily left skating . She returned in April 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'Poland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poland', 'summary': "Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 ."}]}, {'value': '9.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chisato Shiina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chisato_Shiina', 'summary': 'Chisato Shiina ( 椎名千里 , Shiina Chisato , born December 28 , 1982 ) is a Japanese former competitive figure skater . She is the 2000 Japanese national champion , a four-time medalist on the ISU Junior Grand Prix , and placed as high as 6th at the World Junior Championships ( 1998 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '10.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shelby Lyons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shelby_Lyons', 'summary': 'Shelby Lyons ( born May 24 , 1981 in Oswego , New York ) is an American retired competitive figure skater who competed in both singles and pairs . She originally competed as a single skater on the novice level before teaming up with Brian Wells . They won four medals at the United States Figure Skating Championships between 1995 and 1998 , and competed with twice at the World Figure Skating Championships , placing 10th in 1996 and in 1998 . Their partnership ended in 1998 . During this time , Lyons had been competing in singles . She was the 1996 U.S . Junior national champion in singles and had competed on the Junior Grand Prix . Following the end of the partnership , Lyons went back to focusing on skating singles . She has since retired and has skated professionally on Disney on Ice . She now teaches singles , pairs , and dance in Colorado .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '11.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yuka Kanazawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yuka_Kanazawa', 'summary': 'Yuka Kanazawa ( Japanese : 金沢由香 , born August 19 , 1978 ) is a Japanese former competitive figure skater . She is a two-time Japanese national bronze medalist . She placed 8th at the 1998 World Junior Championships in Saint John , New Brunswick , Canada ; 11th at the 1999 Four Continents Championships in Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada ; and fourth at the 1999 Winter Universiade in Žilina , Slovakia . She competed at five Champions Series/Grand Prix events , achieving her best result , fourth , at the 1998 Cup of Russia .'}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '11.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fanny Cagnard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fanny_Cagnard', 'summary': 'Fanny Cagnard ( born 17 March 1981 ) is a French former competitive figure skater . She finished in the top ten at two World Junior Championships - 1997 and 1998 - and competed at three Champions Series events . After retiring from competition , she began coaching in Amiens . During her career , She also obtained 5 titles on French championships in Minime / Espoir / Junior categories and 3 titles as Vice Champion in Minime / Cadette / Junior She competed for the French team from 1993 to 2000'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '12.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julia Lautowa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julia_Lautowa', 'summary': "Julia Lautowa ( Russian : Юлия Лаутова ; born 5 October 1981 ) is an Austrian former competitive figure skater in ladies ' singles . She is the 1996 Cup of Russia silver medalist , a two-time Karl Schäfer Memorial champion , and a six-time Austrian national champion . She placed in the top ten at five ISU Championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Austria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria', 'summary': "Austria ( /ˈɒstriə/ ( listen ) , /ˈɔːs-/ ; German : Österreich [ ˈøːstɐʁaɪ̯ç ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Austria ( German : Republik Österreich , listen ( help·info ) ) , is a landlocked East Alpine country in the southern part of Central Europe . It is composed of nine federated states ( Bundesländer ) , one of which is Vienna , Austria 's capital and its largest city . It is bordered by Germany to the northwest , Czech Republic to the north , Slovakia to the northeast , Hungary to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . Austria occupies an area of 83,879 km2 ( 32,386 sq mi ) and has a population of nearly 9 million people . While German is the country 's official language , many Austrians communicate informally in a variety of Bavarian dialects . Austria initially emerged as a margraviate around 976 and developed into a duchy and archduchy . In the 16th century , Austria started serving as the heart of the Habsburg Monarchy and the junior branch of the House of Habsburg - one of the most influential royal dynasties in history . As an archduchy , it was a major component and administrative centre of the Holy Roman Empire . Early in the 19th century , Austria established its own empire , which became a great power and the leading force of the German Confederation but pursued its own course independently of the other German states . Following the Austro-Prussian War and the compromise with Hungary , the Dual Monarchy was established . Austria was involved in World War I under Emperor Franz Joseph following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand , the presumptive successor to the Austro-Hungarian throne . After the defeat and the dissolution of the Monarchy , the Republic of German-Austria was proclaimed with the intent of the union with Germany , which eventually failed because of the Allied Powers and the state remained unrecognized ."}]}, {'value': '13.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Angela Nikodinov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angela_Nikodinov', 'summary': 'Angela Nikodinov ( born May 9 , 1980 ) , is an American figure skater . She is the 2000 Four Continents champion and won four medals on the Grand Prix series , including gold at the 2004 Skate America'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '17.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Keyla Ohs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keyla_Ohs', 'summary': 'Keyla Ohs ( born January 26 , 1979 ) is a Canadian former competitive figure skater who competed in ladies singles . She is the 1998 Canadian national silver medalist .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '18.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Lundström', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Lundström', 'summary': 'Anna Lundström ( born 26 August 1980 ) is a Swedish former competitive figure skater . She is a two-time ( 1998 and 2002 ) Swedish national champion and a three-time Nordic medalist ( one silver , two bronze ) . She reached the free skate at four ISU Championships - 1998 Junior Worlds in Saint John , New Brunswick , Canada ; 1999 Junior Worlds in Zagreb , Croatia ; 2000 Europeans in Vienna , Austria ; and 2000 Worlds in Nice , France .'}]}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweden', 'summary': 'Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .'}]}, {'value': '21.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Júlia Sebestyén', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Júlia_Sebestyén', 'summary': "Júlia Sebestyén ( Hungarian pronunciation : [ ˈjuːliɒ ˈʃɛbɛʃceːn ] ; born 14 May 1981 ) is a Hungarian former competitive figure skater . She is the 2004 European Champion and 2002-2010 Hungarian national champion . At the 2004 European Figure Skating Championships , she became the first Hungarian woman to win the European title . She is also a four-time Hungarian Olympic team member , and was Hungary 's flag-bearer at the 2010 Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hungary', 'summary': "Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország [ ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Central Europe . Spanning 93,030 square kilometres ( 35,920 sq mi ) in the Carpathian Basin , it borders Slovakia to the north , Ukraine to the northeast , Romania to the east and southeast , Serbia to the south , Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest , and Austria to the west . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world , and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest city is Budapest ; other major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . The territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples , including Celts , Romans , Germanic tribes , Huns , West Slavs and the Avars . The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 , converting his realm to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a regional power , reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire ( 1541-1699 ) . It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century , and later joined Austria to form the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a major European power . The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I , and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary 's current borders , resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory , 58% of its population , and 32% of ethnic Hungarians ."}]}, {'value': '22.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anina Fivian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anina_Fivian', 'summary': 'Anina Fivian ( born 25 March 1981 ) is a Swiss former competitive figure skater . She is a two-time Swiss national champion and reached the free skate at three ISU Championships - 1997 Europeans in Paris , 1997 Junior Worlds in Seoul , and 1998 Junior Worlds in Saint John , New Brunswick . Fivian was coached by Karlheinz Zitterbart and belonged to Eislauf-Club Thun . After retiring from competition , she performed in ice shows and then became a police officer .'}]}, {'value': 'Switzerland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Switzerland', 'summary': "Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone ."}]}, {'value': '23.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrea Diewald', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrea_Diewald', 'summary': 'Andrea Diewald ( born 28 December 1981 ) is a German former competitive figure skater . She is a four-time German national medalist and competed twice at the World Junior Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '24.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sara Lindroos', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Finland', 'summary': "Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions ."}]}, {'value': '24.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wang Huan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wang_Huan_(figure_skater)', 'summary': 'Wang Huan ( born September 10 , 1983 in Changchun , China ) is a Chinese figure skater . She is the 1999 Chinese national champion and 2000 National bronze medalist . She is a two-time competitor at ISU Championships , placing 18th at the 1998 World Junior Figure Skating Championships and 15th at the 2001 Four Continents Championships . She won bronze medals at the 1997 Asian Championships and 1998 Junior Grand Prix event in Beijing . She also placed 6th at the 1999 Asian Winter Games .'}]}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '25.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shin Yea-Ji', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shin_Yea-Ji_(figure_skater_born_1984)', 'summary': 'Shin Yea-ji ( born April 8 , 1984 in Seoul ) is a South Korean former competitive figure skater . She is the 1999 South Korean national champion and 2002 national silver medalist . She competed in the free skate at three ISU Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'South Korea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Korea', 'summary': "South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP ."}]}, {'value': '29.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Wenzel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Wenzel', 'summary': 'Anna Wenzel ( born February 2 , 1980 in Vienna ) is an Austrian former competitive figure skater . She is the 2001 Austrian national champion . She reached the free skate at two ISU Championships - the 1998 Junior Worlds in Saint John , New Brunswick , where she placed 20th ; and the 2001 Europeans in Bratislava , where she finished 18th . Her older sister , Marie-Theres Wenzel , also competed internationally for Austria .'}]}, {'value': 'Austria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria', 'summary': "Austria ( /ˈɒstriə/ ( listen ) , /ˈɔːs-/ ; German : Österreich [ ˈøːstɐʁaɪ̯ç ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Austria ( German : Republik Österreich , listen ( help·info ) ) , is a landlocked East Alpine country in the southern part of Central Europe . It is composed of nine federated states ( Bundesländer ) , one of which is Vienna , Austria 's capital and its largest city . It is bordered by Germany to the northwest , Czech Republic to the north , Slovakia to the northeast , Hungary to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . Austria occupies an area of 83,879 km2 ( 32,386 sq mi ) and has a population of nearly 9 million people . While German is the country 's official language , many Austrians communicate informally in a variety of Bavarian dialects . Austria initially emerged as a margraviate around 976 and developed into a duchy and archduchy . In the 16th century , Austria started serving as the heart of the Habsburg Monarchy and the junior branch of the House of Habsburg - one of the most influential royal dynasties in history . As an archduchy , it was a major component and administrative centre of the Holy Roman Empire . Early in the 19th century , Austria established its own empire , which became a great power and the leading force of the German Confederation but pursued its own course independently of the other German states . Following the Austro-Prussian War and the compromise with Hungary , the Dual Monarchy was established . Austria was involved in World War I under Emperor Franz Joseph following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand , the presumptive successor to the Austro-Hungarian throne . After the defeat and the dissolution of the Monarchy , the Republic of German-Austria was proclaimed with the intent of the union with Germany , which eventually failed because of the Allied Powers and the state remained unrecognized ."}]}, {'value': '29.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Results -- Ladies', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1998_World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships_1', 'intro': 'The World Junior Figure Skating Championships is an annual event sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which younger figure skaters compete for the title of World Junior Champion. The 1998 competition took place between November 30 and December 7, 1997, in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.'}	null	null	Which countries border the country represented by Fanny Cagnard to the east ?	Switzerland and Italy
0a355a245370eace	hybridqa	{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_Nidwalden', 'title': 'List of mountains of Nidwalden', 'header': ['Mountain', 'Height ( m )', 'Drop ( m )', 'Range', 'Municipality ( ies )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Ruchstock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ruchstock', 'summary': 'The Ruchstock is a mountain of the Urner Alps in Central Switzerland . Near its summit is located the tripoint between the cantons of Nidwalden , Uri and Obwalden . The summit itself ( 2,814 metres ) is on the border between Nidwalden and Uri . The closest localities are Oberrickenbach and Engelberg .'}]}, {'value': '2814', 'urls': []}, {'value': '255', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uri Alps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uri_Alps', 'summary': 'The Uri Alps ( also known as Urner Alps , German : Urner Alpen ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps . They extend into the cantons of Obwalden , Valais , Bern , Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps ( Grimsel Pass ) and the Emmental Alps to the west ( the four lakes : Lungerersee , Sarnersee , Wichelsee , and Alpnachersee ) , the Schwyzer Alps to the north ( Lake Lucerne ) , the Lepontine Alps to the south ( the valley of Urseren with Andermatt ) and the Glarus Alps to the east ( Reuss ) . The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass . The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part , which culminates on Titlis , has lower summits but greater extent .'}]}, {'value': 'Wolfenschiessen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wolfenschiessen', 'summary': 'Wolfenschiessen is a village and municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland . Besides the village of Wolfenschiessen itself , the municipality includes the settlements of Altzellen , Büren ob dem Bach , Dörfli , and Oberrickenbach , together with a large area of high alpine land , mountains , lakes , and glaciers .'}]}, {'value': 'Rotsandnollen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rotsandnollen', 'summary': 'The Rotsandnollen is a mountain of the Urner Alps , located between Melchsee-Frutt and Engelberg in Central Switzerland . The summit is located on the border between the cantons of Nidwalden and Obwalden .'}]}, {'value': '2700', 'urls': []}, {'value': '493', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uri Alps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uri_Alps', 'summary': 'The Uri Alps ( also known as Urner Alps , German : Urner Alpen ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps . They extend into the cantons of Obwalden , Valais , Bern , Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps ( Grimsel Pass ) and the Emmental Alps to the west ( the four lakes : Lungerersee , Sarnersee , Wichelsee , and Alpnachersee ) , the Schwyzer Alps to the north ( Lake Lucerne ) , the Lepontine Alps to the south ( the valley of Urseren with Andermatt ) and the Glarus Alps to the east ( Reuss ) . The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass . The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part , which culminates on Titlis , has lower summits but greater extent .'}]}, {'value': 'Wolfenschiessen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wolfenschiessen', 'summary': 'Wolfenschiessen is a village and municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland . Besides the village of Wolfenschiessen itself , the municipality includes the settlements of Altzellen , Büren ob dem Bach , Dörfli , and Oberrickenbach , together with a large area of high alpine land , mountains , lakes , and glaciers .'}]}, {'value': 'Huetstock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huetstock', 'summary': 'The Huetstock ( also known as Wild Geissberg ) is a mountain of the Urner Alps , located on the border between Nidwalden and Obwalden in Central Switzerland . It is located between the valleys of Melchtal and Engelberg , just north of the Rotsandnollen .'}]}, {'value': '2676', 'urls': []}, {'value': '230', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uri Alps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uri_Alps', 'summary': 'The Uri Alps ( also known as Urner Alps , German : Urner Alpen ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps . They extend into the cantons of Obwalden , Valais , Bern , Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps ( Grimsel Pass ) and the Emmental Alps to the west ( the four lakes : Lungerersee , Sarnersee , Wichelsee , and Alpnachersee ) , the Schwyzer Alps to the north ( Lake Lucerne ) , the Lepontine Alps to the south ( the valley of Urseren with Andermatt ) and the Glarus Alps to the east ( Reuss ) . The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass . The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part , which culminates on Titlis , has lower summits but greater extent .'}]}, {'value': 'Wolfenschiessen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wolfenschiessen', 'summary': 'Wolfenschiessen is a village and municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland . Besides the village of Wolfenschiessen itself , the municipality includes the settlements of Altzellen , Büren ob dem Bach , Dörfli , and Oberrickenbach , together with a large area of high alpine land , mountains , lakes , and glaciers .'}]}, {'value': 'Graustock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Graustock', 'summary': 'The Graustock is a mountain of the Urner Alps , located south of Engelberg in Central Switzerland . The summit is one of the two tripoints between the cantons of Berne , Nidwalden and Obwalden ( the other being the Jochstock ) . On the north side of the mountain lies the Trüebsee .'}]}, {'value': '2662', 'urls': []}, {'value': '256', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uri Alps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uri_Alps', 'summary': 'The Uri Alps ( also known as Urner Alps , German : Urner Alpen ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps . They extend into the cantons of Obwalden , Valais , Bern , Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps ( Grimsel Pass ) and the Emmental Alps to the west ( the four lakes : Lungerersee , Sarnersee , Wichelsee , and Alpnachersee ) , the Schwyzer Alps to the north ( Lake Lucerne ) , the Lepontine Alps to the south ( the valley of Urseren with Andermatt ) and the Glarus Alps to the east ( Reuss ) . The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass . The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part , which culminates on Titlis , has lower summits but greater extent .'}]}, {'value': 'Wolfenschiessen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wolfenschiessen', 'summary': 'Wolfenschiessen is a village and municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland . Besides the village of Wolfenschiessen itself , the municipality includes the settlements of Altzellen , Büren ob dem Bach , Dörfli , and Oberrickenbach , together with a large area of high alpine land , mountains , lakes , and glaciers .'}]}, {'value': 'Gross Sättelistock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gross_Sättelistock', 'summary': 'The Gross Sättelistock is a mountain of the Urner Alps , located on the border between the cantons of Nidwalden and Obwalden in Central Switzerland . It lies north of Engelberg .'}]}, {'value': '2637', 'urls': []}, {'value': '272', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uri Alps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uri_Alps', 'summary': 'The Uri Alps ( also known as Urner Alps , German : Urner Alpen ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps . They extend into the cantons of Obwalden , Valais , Bern , Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps ( Grimsel Pass ) and the Emmental Alps to the west ( the four lakes : Lungerersee , Sarnersee , Wichelsee , and Alpnachersee ) , the Schwyzer Alps to the north ( Lake Lucerne ) , the Lepontine Alps to the south ( the valley of Urseren with Andermatt ) and the Glarus Alps to the east ( Reuss ) . The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass . The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part , which culminates on Titlis , has lower summits but greater extent .'}]}, {'value': 'Wolfenschiessen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wolfenschiessen', 'summary': 'Wolfenschiessen is a village and municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland . Besides the village of Wolfenschiessen itself , the municipality includes the settlements of Altzellen , Büren ob dem Bach , Dörfli , and Oberrickenbach , together with a large area of high alpine land , mountains , lakes , and glaciers .'}]}, {'value': 'Hoh Brisen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hoh_Brisen', 'summary': 'The Hoh Brisen is a mountain of the Urner Alps , located on the border between the cantons of Nidwalden and Uri , in Central Switzerland . With an altitude of 2,413 metres above sea level , the Hoh Brisen is the highest summit of the subrange north of the Sinsgäuer Schonegg pass ( 1,915 m ) .'}]}, {'value': '2413', 'urls': []}, {'value': '489', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uri Alps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uri_Alps', 'summary': 'The Uri Alps ( also known as Urner Alps , German : Urner Alpen ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps . They extend into the cantons of Obwalden , Valais , Bern , Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps ( Grimsel Pass ) and the Emmental Alps to the west ( the four lakes : Lungerersee , Sarnersee , Wichelsee , and Alpnachersee ) , the Schwyzer Alps to the north ( Lake Lucerne ) , the Lepontine Alps to the south ( the valley of Urseren with Andermatt ) and the Glarus Alps to the east ( Reuss ) . The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass . The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part , which culminates on Titlis , has lower summits but greater extent .'}]}, {'value': 'Wolfenschiessen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wolfenschiessen', 'summary': 'Wolfenschiessen is a village and municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland . Besides the village of Wolfenschiessen itself , the municipality includes the settlements of Altzellen , Büren ob dem Bach , Dörfli , and Oberrickenbach , together with a large area of high alpine land , mountains , lakes , and glaciers .'}]}, {'value': 'Nünalphorn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nünalphorn', 'summary': 'The Nünalphorn is a mountain of the Urner Alps , located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Nidwalden and Obwalden . It is located between the valleys of Melchtal and Engelberg .'}]}, {'value': '2385', 'urls': []}, {'value': '214', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uri Alps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uri_Alps', 'summary': 'The Uri Alps ( also known as Urner Alps , German : Urner Alpen ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps . They extend into the cantons of Obwalden , Valais , Bern , Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps ( Grimsel Pass ) and the Emmental Alps to the west ( the four lakes : Lungerersee , Sarnersee , Wichelsee , and Alpnachersee ) , the Schwyzer Alps to the north ( Lake Lucerne ) , the Lepontine Alps to the south ( the valley of Urseren with Andermatt ) and the Glarus Alps to the east ( Reuss ) . The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass . The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part , which culminates on Titlis , has lower summits but greater extent .'}]}, {'value': 'Wolfenschiessen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wolfenschiessen', 'summary': 'Wolfenschiessen is a village and municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland . Besides the village of Wolfenschiessen itself , the municipality includes the settlements of Altzellen , Büren ob dem Bach , Dörfli , and Oberrickenbach , together with a large area of high alpine land , mountains , lakes , and glaciers .'}]}, {'value': 'Pilatus ( Tomlishorn )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pilatus_(mountain)', 'summary': 'Pilatus , also often referred to as Mount Pilatus , is a mountain massif overlooking Lucerne in Central Switzerland . It is composed of several peaks , of which the highest ( 2,128 m ( 6,982 ft ) ) is named Tomlishorn .'}]}, {'value': '2128', 'urls': []}, {'value': '585', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emmental Alps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emmental_Alps', 'summary': 'The Emmental Alps ( German : Emmentaler Alpen ) are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps , in Switzerland . They are located north-west of the Brünig Pass , mainly in the cantons of Lucerne , Bern , and Obwalden , with a small portion in the canton of Nidwalden . The highest summit of the range is the Brienzer Rothorn , which is also the highest point in the canton of Lucerne . The range is named after the Emme valley ( German : Emmental ) . In the north-west corner one finds the relatively low , but widespread , and very furrowed Napf . The Emmental Alps are separated from the Bernese Alps by the Aare valley to the south and connected to the Uri Alps by the four lakes Lungerersee , Sarnersee , Wichelsee , and Vierwaldstättersee to the east .'}]}, {'value': 'Hergiswil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hergiswil', 'summary': 'Hergiswil is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland .'}]}, {'value': 'Oberbauenstock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oberbauenstock', 'summary': 'The Oberbauenstock is a mountain of the Urner Alps , overlooking Lake Lucerne in Central Switzerland . Its 2,117-metre-high ( 6,946 ft ) summit is located on the border between the cantons of Nidwalden and Uri .'}]}, {'value': '2117', 'urls': []}, {'value': '297', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uri Alps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uri_Alps', 'summary': 'The Uri Alps ( also known as Urner Alps , German : Urner Alpen ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps . They extend into the cantons of Obwalden , Valais , Bern , Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps ( Grimsel Pass ) and the Emmental Alps to the west ( the four lakes : Lungerersee , Sarnersee , Wichelsee , and Alpnachersee ) , the Schwyzer Alps to the north ( Lake Lucerne ) , the Lepontine Alps to the south ( the valley of Urseren with Andermatt ) and the Glarus Alps to the east ( Reuss ) . The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass . The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part , which culminates on Titlis , has lower summits but greater extent .'}]}, {'value': 'Emmetten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emmetten', 'summary': 'Emmetten is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland .'}]}, {'value': 'Schluchberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Schluchberg', 'summary': 'The Schluchberg ( 2,106 m ) is a mountain of the Uri Alps , located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Obwalden and Nidwalden . It is the highest summit of the chain north of the Storegg pass .'}]}, {'value': '2106', 'urls': []}, {'value': '364', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uri Alps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uri_Alps', 'summary': 'The Uri Alps ( also known as Urner Alps , German : Urner Alpen ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps . They extend into the cantons of Obwalden , Valais , Bern , Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps ( Grimsel Pass ) and the Emmental Alps to the west ( the four lakes : Lungerersee , Sarnersee , Wichelsee , and Alpnachersee ) , the Schwyzer Alps to the north ( Lake Lucerne ) , the Lepontine Alps to the south ( the valley of Urseren with Andermatt ) and the Glarus Alps to the east ( Reuss ) . The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass . The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part , which culminates on Titlis , has lower summits but greater extent .'}]}, {'value': 'Wolfenschiessen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wolfenschiessen', 'summary': 'Wolfenschiessen is a village and municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland . Besides the village of Wolfenschiessen itself , the municipality includes the settlements of Altzellen , Büren ob dem Bach , Dörfli , and Oberrickenbach , together with a large area of high alpine land , mountains , lakes , and glaciers .'}]}, {'value': 'Niderbauen-Chulm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Niderbauen-Chulm', 'summary': 'The Niederbauen-Chulm is a mountain of the Urner Alps , overlooking Lake Lucerne in Central Switzerland . Its 1,923 metre high summit is located on the border between the cantons of Nidwalden and Uri .'}]}, {'value': '1923', 'urls': []}, {'value': '327', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uri Alps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uri_Alps', 'summary': 'The Uri Alps ( also known as Urner Alps , German : Urner Alpen ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps . They extend into the cantons of Obwalden , Valais , Bern , Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps ( Grimsel Pass ) and the Emmental Alps to the west ( the four lakes : Lungerersee , Sarnersee , Wichelsee , and Alpnachersee ) , the Schwyzer Alps to the north ( Lake Lucerne ) , the Lepontine Alps to the south ( the valley of Urseren with Andermatt ) and the Glarus Alps to the east ( Reuss ) . The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass . The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part , which culminates on Titlis , has lower summits but greater extent .'}]}, {'value': 'Emmetten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emmetten', 'summary': 'Emmetten is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland .'}]}, {'value': 'Stanserhorn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanserhorn', 'summary': 'The Stanserhorn is a mountain in Switzerland , located in the canton of Nidwalden near to the border with Obwalden , with the peak at 1,898 metres ( 6,227 ft ) above sea level . It is a popular tourist destination , which can be reached from the adjacent town of Stans by a funicular railway and cable car , or via walking routes from Stans or Dallenwil .'}]}, {'value': '1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': '500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uri Alps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uri_Alps', 'summary': 'The Uri Alps ( also known as Urner Alps , German : Urner Alpen ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps . They extend into the cantons of Obwalden , Valais , Bern , Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps ( Grimsel Pass ) and the Emmental Alps to the west ( the four lakes : Lungerersee , Sarnersee , Wichelsee , and Alpnachersee ) , the Schwyzer Alps to the north ( Lake Lucerne ) , the Lepontine Alps to the south ( the valley of Urseren with Andermatt ) and the Glarus Alps to the east ( Reuss ) . The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass . The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part , which culminates on Titlis , has lower summits but greater extent .'}]}, {'value': 'Dallenwil / Ennetmoos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dallenwil', 'summary': 'Dallenwil is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ennetmoos', 'summary': 'Ennetmoos is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland .'}]}, {'value': 'Buochserhorn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buochserhorn', 'summary': 'The Buochserhorn is a mountain of the Swiss Prealps , overlooking Lake Lucerne near Buochs in the canton of Nidwalden . It lies on the range west of the Schwalmis .'}]}, {'value': '1807', 'urls': []}, {'value': '227', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uri Alps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uri_Alps', 'summary': 'The Uri Alps ( also known as Urner Alps , German : Urner Alpen ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps . They extend into the cantons of Obwalden , Valais , Bern , Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps ( Grimsel Pass ) and the Emmental Alps to the west ( the four lakes : Lungerersee , Sarnersee , Wichelsee , and Alpnachersee ) , the Schwyzer Alps to the north ( Lake Lucerne ) , the Lepontine Alps to the south ( the valley of Urseren with Andermatt ) and the Glarus Alps to the east ( Reuss ) . The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass . The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part , which culminates on Titlis , has lower summits but greater extent .'}]}, {'value': 'Beckenried / Buochs / Oberdorf', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beckenried', 'summary': 'Beckenried is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Buochs', 'summary': 'Buochs is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Oberdorf,_Nidwalden', 'summary': 'Oberdorf is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland . It consists of the villages and hamlets of Wil , Ennerberg , Waltersberg , Büren nid dem Bach and Niederrickenbach . The Benedictine covent of Maria-Rickenbach is located within the municipality , next to the hamlet of Niederrickenbach . The convent lies at an altitude of 1,150 m ( 3,770 ft ) and is accessible by cable car .'}]}, {'value': 'Bürgenstock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bürgenstock', 'summary': 'The Bürgenstock is a mountain in Switzerland ( 1,115 m above sea level ) located partway along the shore of Lake Lucerne . Bürgenstock is also a resort located at 874 m a.s.l . on the same mountain . The lookout point at the summit of the Bürgenstock , the Hammetschwand , offers an extensive view , for the mountain is almost entirely surrounded by Lake Lucerne . The small resort Bürgenstock can be reached by a road as well as with the Bürgenstock Funicular which starts from the boat landing pier at Kehrsiten-Bürgenstock on Lake Lucerne . The highest summit of the Bürgenstock can be reached from the resort by foot and by means of a cliff-side path followed by the Hammetschwand Elevator . The new Bürgenstock resort featuring 30 buildings , including three hotels with around 400 rooms ( 800 beds ) , 68 Residence Suites and 12 restaurants and bars is under construction . Of the total investment of CHF 485 million , CHF 320 million has already been expended . It reopens 2017 . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '1128', 'urls': []}, {'value': '683', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uri Alps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uri_Alps', 'summary': 'The Uri Alps ( also known as Urner Alps , German : Urner Alpen ) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps . They extend into the cantons of Obwalden , Valais , Bern , Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps ( Grimsel Pass ) and the Emmental Alps to the west ( the four lakes : Lungerersee , Sarnersee , Wichelsee , and Alpnachersee ) , the Schwyzer Alps to the north ( Lake Lucerne ) , the Lepontine Alps to the south ( the valley of Urseren with Andermatt ) and the Glarus Alps to the east ( Reuss ) . The Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass . The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part , which culminates on Titlis , has lower summits but greater extent .'}]}, {'value': 'Ennetbürgen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ennetbürgen', 'summary': 'Ennetbürgen is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland .'}]}], 'section_title': 'List', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_mountains_of_Nidwalden_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of mountains of the Swiss canton of Nidwalden. The list only includes significant summits with a topographic prominence of at least 150 metres (492 ft). There are 18 such summits in Obwalden and they are found in almost all its municipalities. Topographically, the three most important summits of the canton are those of the Rotstöckli (most elevated), the Bürgenstock (most prominent) and Pilatus (most isolated). The Rotstöckli (2,901 m), although the highest point of the canton, is not listed as it is a subsidiary peak of the Titlis (3,238 m) and has a topographic prominence of less than 50 m. All mountain heights and prominences on the list are from the largest-scale maps available.'}	null	null	What municipality ( ies ) is the mountain that is the highest summit of the subrange north of the Sinsgäuer Schonegg pass located in ?	Wolfenschiessen

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