Split (3)

train · 3.46k rows

id stringlengths 10 10	question stringlengths 18 294	comment stringlengths 28 6.89k	passages list	presuppositions list	corrections list	labels list	raw_presuppositions list	raw_labels list	raw_corrections list
2018-04606	Why is the brain divided in two parts?	This is due to something called "bilateral symmetry", a basic body plan that developed extremely early in our evolutionary history. It probably comes down to the benefits of having a spare organ in case of injury, such as a extra arm to feed oneself or an extra eye. Greater levels of symmetry have developed as well but having two seems to avoid an injury being invariably fatal while not spending too many resources on redundant features.	[ "Section::::Hemispheric specialization.:Role of the corpus callosum.\n", "Section::::Hemispheric specialization.\n", "Section::::Hemispheric specialization.:Functional plasticity.\n", "Section::::History.:Visual test.\n", "Section::::Case studies of split-brain patients.\n\nSection::::Case studies of split-...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-01100	why are aerobic instead of anaerobic respiration?	During cellular respiration, an aerobic process, around 30-40 ATP are produced in human cells per glucose molecule. (ATP is basically an energy currency inside the cell.) Simply put, anaerobic respiration isn't as effective, as it produces around 2 molecules per glucose in humans. Plus, it produces acidic byproducts, which are responsible for muscle soreness after exercise.	[ "Section::::Anaerobic respiration.\n\nWhile aerobic organisms during respiration use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, anaerobic organisms use other electron acceptors. These inorganic compounds have a lower reduction potential than oxygen, meaning that respiration is less efficient in these organisms and lea...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-02647	In the deepest parts of the ocean what would happen to the ecosystem if we introduced permanent light sources.	Well, are we talking about lighting up 100% of the sea floor? If so than the critters relying on light would probably die off eventually, and I'm sure a smarter redditor can tell you about the future results of this on the whole food chain. My guess is the outcome wouldn't be great for those on top of the chain, like us. If you only want to light a part up than I'd think the light sensitive critters would avoid it, and otherwise it would probably be just a lit up part of the ocean floor.	[ "In the coastal areas of south-eastern Australia, large brown kelp, another kind of canopy, formed by \"Ecklonia radiata\", dominates the existing temperate reefs. Climate change in the area poses a direct effect on the underwater canopy cover, reducing its overall quality. Climate change is causing patches in the ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-03680	What does "living closer" to a game's server actually mean? E.g. USE, USW, EU, OCE	Your "ping" that is sometimes reported is the total milliseconds it takes for your network traffic to go round trip to and from the server. Essentially, if your ping is 60 milliseconds, that's how long it takes for your computer to tell the server "Hey I'm shooting at that guy!" and for the server to respond "Yes! You shot that guy and now I'm telling everyone else on the server you shot that guy!" Its a little more complex in reality (there's some prediction and other "lag" reduction strategies in play) but that's the gist. Every action you perform needs to be propagated to the server... the server adjudicates whether your actions impacted anyone else, the scenery, that horse you're trying to get on, then sends the results to everyone connected. The lower that round trip, the more responsive, crisp and jerkiness free your game experience will be. If you're gaming late at night in your time zone, and you can't find a populated server to play on, decide to try a server on the other side of the earth, you may find that while playable, there's jerks, skips, lags in the action etc. Thats because your data has to go all the way to japan or wherever and back. Some of that traffice just plain gets lost and all of a sudden you glitch a few feet in game.	[ "Section::::Solutions and lag compensation.:Server-side.\n\nUnlike clients, the server knows the exact current game state, and as such prediction is unnecessary. The main purpose of server-side lag compensation is instead to provide accurate effects of client actions. This is important because by the time a player'...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-09681	Why does your back get sunburned faster than your stomach? While reguraly being on sun	If you're talking about while laying out, I would attribute it to two factors. Your stomach has more hair on it than your back. Even very short hard to see blonde hairs serve as a barrier to limit the amount of light that directly hits your skin. I would also say that the sun almost never shines directly on you. It will always be at an angle. Due to the "geography" of your front side. There are more hills and valleys that serve to limit the amount direct exposure on the skin. I would say if your back is 100% exposed (which it isn't due to hair, angles, etc.) then your stomach is probably 85% exposed.	[ "A third form of testing is the photoprovocation test which is used to identify disorders instigated by sun burns. The process of this test involves exposing one area of a patient's arm to certain dosage of UVB radiation and one area on the other arm to a certain dosage of UVA radiation. The amount of radiation tha...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-02637	Why do objects leaving the atmosphere not burn like they do when entering the atmosphere?	Orbiting is all about going fast, less about going high. When going into orbit you usually start by climbing mostly straight to get out of the thick atmosphere--that just slows you down with drag. Once you're mostly to orbital altitudes there's essentially no friction so it's possible to accelerate horizontally for a few minutes to achieve orbital velocities. You never wind up traveling at orbital velocity while in the atmosphere. When coming back from orbit you could, in theory, do the same thing in reverse. You could fire a rocket for a few minutes to slow down, then come through the atmosphere at only a couple times the speed of sound. The problem with that approach is that it takes an enormous amount of fuel. What's far, far more efficient is to alter your orbit just a little so that you go through the atmosphere which will slow you down for free. That means you hit the atmosphere at essentially orbital velocity which causes a huge amount of heat due to the air in front of you being compressed (not primarily due to friction as is often assumed; friction is a significant factor, but compression is the main component).	[ "Ballistic warheads and expendable vehicles do not require slowing at reentry, and in fact, are made streamlined so as to maintain their speed. Furthermore, slow-speed returns to Earth from near-space such as parachute jumps from balloons do not require heat shielding because the gravitational acceleration of an ob...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-02425	How does valproic acid stabilize mood?	The neurons in our brains communicate via neurotransmitters, and there are two kinds which is: excitatory and inhibitory. From the names, you could tell that excitatory ones (eg. glutamate) tells the neuron to WORK! and the inhibitory one (eg. GABA) tells the neurons to STOP! Now, valproic acid stops this inhibitory neurotransmitters from being metabolised (aka removed), so there’s more inhibitory neurotransmitters - > more STOP! signals - > your neurons work lesser - > mood becomes more stable And the connections between these neurotransmitters are also how most of neurological/psychiatric drugs work. Hope that answers your question!	[ "There is evidence that valproic acid may cause premature growth plate ossification in children and adolescents, resulting in decreased height. Valproic acid can also cause mydriasis, a dilation of the pupils. There is evidence that shows valproic acid may increase the chance of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-00914	why aren't gasses of the atmosphere dispersing into the vacuum of space?	Just borin' ol' gravity. Without it our atmosphere would drift away in hours. But even air has some weight, enough fer our planet's substantial gravity ta hang on ta it. (And our magnetic field protects it from bein' blasted away by particles zoomin' out from the Sun. Arrr!)	[ "After relaxation, the speed of some low mass members can be greater than the escape velocity of the cluster, which results in these members being lost to the cluster. This process is called evaporation. (A similar phenomenon explains the loss of lighter gases from a planet, such as hydrogen and helium from the Ear...	[ "The gas of the atmosphere should disperse into space. " ]	[ "Gravity prevents the air within the atmosphere from dispersing into space." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "The gas of the atmosphere should disperse into space. ", "The gas of the atmosphere should disperse into space. " ]	[ "normal", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Gravity prevents the air within the atmosphere from dispersing into space.", "Gravity prevents the air within the atmosphere from dispersing into space." ]
2018-00934	How come every time you save an image the quality becomes worse and worse. Would this still happen if you screenshot it?	Often when you save an image (either saving it or screenshotting it) it gets stored as a compressed image file. Compression reduces the file size by averaging pixels or simply by skipping over unimportant pixels. Depending on the compression format, a lot of the image quality can be lost. Opening an already compressed file, adding text or a watermark, then compressing it again will reduce the quality further because it has to guess what the pixels used to be before.	[ "One way these images can be captured is to turn off the hardware overlay. Because many computers have no hardware overlay, most programs are built to work without it, just a little slower. In Windows XP, this is disabled by opening the Display Properties menu, clicking on the \"Settings\" tab, clicking, \"Advanced...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-20861	Why do some words start to look weird if you look at them long enough?	Because we tend to take in the word as a whole rather than letter by letter. That's why you can mingle the spoiling qwite markredly wile stall redmayning udderstandable as long as you keep the start and end of the words correct. Once you start to deconstruct them you loose the pattern recognition.	[ "The task of defining what constitutes a \"word\" involves determining where one word ends and another word begins—in other words, identifying word boundaries. There are several ways to determine where the word boundaries of spoken language should be placed:\n\nBULLET::::- Potential pause: A speaker is told to repe...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-04291	When staining wood, why can the rags you use spontaneously combust?	You need three things for a fire. Flammable material, Oxygen, heat Wood stain is very flammable. Particularly NC (nitrocellulose). Adding cloth to it thins out the flammable material which means more oxygen molecules come into contact with the flammable molecules. It's like having a brick of wax which would never really catch fire and then adding a wick which makes it a candle. But the third ingredient, heat, is kind of interesting. An object's temperature is just an average of its molecular energy. At a molecular level, and one given group of molecules can randomly get more excited and chemically react. Once that happens it produces heat which gets its neighbors going. Spontaneous combustion isn't common, but add the possibility of sparks from static charges building up and varnished rags are dangerous.	[ "In many cases, stains are affected by heat and may become reactive enough to bond with the underlying material. Extreme heat, such as from ironing or dry cleaning, can cause a chemical reaction on an otherwise removable stain, turning it into a chemical compound that is impossible to remove.\n\nSection::::Removal....	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-02198	I have been under the impression when you are paralyzed you can't feel anything, so why do doctors prescribe pain meds?	Ghost pain. My Aunt had both legs amputated one below the knee and the other above the knee. And she would complain all the time about how it felt like her foot was hurting. Plus you know having a part of you cut off is a little painful.	[ "Patients may need pain relievers to control pain. Other medications that are used to reduce pain include gabapentin, carbamazepine, or tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline. Whenever if possible, patients need to avoid or limit the use of medication to reduce the risk of side effects. If the pain is seve...	[ "Can't feel pain when paralyzed. ", "If a person is paralyzed and can't feel anything, then there is no reason to prescribe pain meds." ]	[ "Ghost pain can still happen and pain meds can help with that.", "Humans are capable of feeling ghost pain, which is feeling pain in areas that are no longer a part of a person." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Can't feel pain when paralyzed. ", "If a person is paralyzed and can't feel anything, then there is no reason to prescribe pain meds." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Ghost pain can still happen and pain meds can help with that.", "Humans are capable of feeling ghost pain, which is feeling pain in areas that are no longer a part of a person." ]
2018-04886	How do Mountains affect the weather?	Air that used to be at sea level changes its thermodynamic properties at the top of the mountain. This changes, pressure, temperature and its speed. All have a factor on how much water the air contains or can hold. That is why it snows on top of mountains, because the water in the air comes out of solution and remains cold all year at high mountains because the air is colder intrinsically because of its elevation rise due to lower pressure. The pressure is lower because there is less weight of air pushing down above the air on the top of the mountain.	[ "The position of mountains influences climate, such as rain or snow. When air masses move up and over mountains, the air cools producing orographic precipitation (rain or snow). As the air descends on the leeward side, it warms again (in accordance with the adiabatic lapse rate) and is drier, having been stripped o...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-18187	Why is there a delay on the news when they hear from an off-site reporter, especially today when it is possible to video conference phone to phone with minimal delay?	Because you are using broadband/wired connection/4g they are using satellite receivers to send the signal so there is a delay between it being sent and being received.	[ "\"Especially on that first day, you were really just going to whomever had a piece of information,\" says \"48 Hours\" executive producer Susan Zirinsky, whose team produced the primetime coverage that first night. \"You were getting cameras up, you were putting people in place, you were trying to wrap your brain ...	[ "Off-site television reporting signals should be as timely as phone-to-phone video conferencing.", "If people can video conference on the phone with minimal delay, then there should be no delays when hearing from an off site news reporter on the news." ]	[ "Phone videoconferencing uses broadband/wired connection/4G and off-site news feeds are using satellite receivers.", "There is a large difference between the broadband and or 4g that humans use versus the sattelite receivers that news reporters use." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Off-site television reporting signals should be as timely as phone-to-phone video conferencing.", "If people can video conference on the phone with minimal delay, then there should be no delays when hearing from an off site news reporter on the news." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Phone videoconferencing uses broadband/wired connection/4G and off-site news feeds are using satellite receivers.", "There is a large difference between the broadband and or 4g that humans use versus the sattelite receivers that news reporters use." ]
2018-01839	How do people come up with optical illusions? Is it at random, or is there an underlying method and a science to go with it?	While I'm certain that some are arrived at spontaneously, a vast majority are simply proofs of a concept. For example, all of the ones you linked appear to move but don't actually, and are intended to take advantage of the way colors (and their wavelengths) and lines/shapes (and their relative shapes and sizes) can be combined to to create the illusion of movement. One would really have to understand colors and shapes to design a decent optical illusion, furthermore understand the science of why and how our brains perceive these images in relationship to eachother. So yes, there is an underlying method and definitely a science.	[ "More recent empirical approaches to optical illusions have had some success in explaining optical phenomena with which theories based on lateral inhibition have struggled.\n\nSection::::Cognitive illusions.\n\nCognitive illusions are assumed to arise by interaction with assumptions about the world, leading to \"un...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-11382	Why does time get added to the end of soccer matches rather than stopping the clock during game stoppages?	It’s just the way it has traditionally been done. Games are 90 mins in total. The clock keeps rolling no matter what. The added minutes are to make up for the “downtime” during the game to ensure 90 mins of pure gameplay	[ "A similar pattern of play can occur towards the end of association football matches, with a team protecting a lead by retaining possession, standing on or crowding around a stationary ball (particularly in the vicinity of the other team's corner flag), and generally trying to prevent the other team from gaining po...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-17960	what's the difference between megabit download speed and megabyte download speed? And a modem and a router?	A bit is a binary 0 or 1. A byte has 8 bits in it, meaning it is 8 times the size. In computers, Mega/Giga aren't 1000 multipliers but 1024 multipliers (power of 2 in maths, since it is binary code). Therefore, an example : 1 Megabyte = 8 Megabit 1 Megabyte = 1024 KiloBytes = 8096 Kilobits 1 Kilobyte = 1024 Bytes = 8096 bits 25 Megabits = 3.125 Megabytes & #x200B; Megabit is Mb while Megabyte is MB. So it's the same principle, they just use Mb/s rather than MB/s for marketing purposes, for it's a larger number :)	[ "Contention in a wireless or noisy spectrum, where the physical medium is entirely out of the control of those who specify the protocol, requires measures that also use up throughput. Wireless devices, BPL, and modems may produce a higher line rate or gross bit rate, due to error-correcting codes and other physical...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-03719	What is maximum dynamic pressure, or "max-q" in aerospace engineering?	Dynamic pressure is 1/2 * air density * velocity^2. It's the pressure exerted by the air velocity on the vehicle. Maximum Q is the point in the rocket's flight when this value is the highest, and therefore it's when the aerodynamic loads are the highest. If the rocket survives past the point of Max-Q, then it won't break due to aerodynamic loads.	[ "Max q\n\nThe max q condition is the point when an aerospace vehicle's atmospheric flight reaches maximum dynamic pressure. This is a significant factor in the design of such vehicles because the aerodynamic structural load on them is proportional to dynamic pressure. This may impose limits on the vehicle's flight ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-13735	What made Viking armies & navies so good?	Well, one of the things that I can think of is that Vikings didn't truly have armies or navies. At least not formalized ones. They also rarely took land. So the fear that came with them was their geurilla tactics. Their ships were unique however, build shallow so they could sail in both seas and rivers roughly the same, meaning that they could bypass most naval defenses. I'm not an expert though, so take this with a grain of salt.	[ "The Vikings were a feared force in Europe because of their savagery and speed of their attacks. Whilst seaborne raids were nothing new at the time, the Vikings refined the practice to a science through their shipbuilding, tactics and training. Unlike other raiders, the Vikings made a lasting impact on the face of ...	[ "Vikings had armies and navies.", "Vikings had armies and navies. " ]	[ "Vikings didn't have formal military units, they used guerilla tactics.", "Vikings did not have armies and navies. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Vikings had armies and navies.", "Vikings had armies and navies. " ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Vikings didn't have formal military units, they used guerilla tactics.", "Vikings did not have armies and navies. " ]
2018-02112	How many times do you need to flick a light switch on and off before its more efficient to leave the light on for an hour?	The cost effectiveness of when to turn off lights depends on the type of bulb and the cost of electricity. The type of lightbulb you use is important for several reasons. All lightbulbs have a nominal or rated operating life, which is affected by how many times they are turned on and off. The more often they are switched on and off, the lower their operating life. Incandescent Lighting Incandescent lights should be turned off whenever they are not needed, because they are the least efficient type of lighting. 90% of the energy they use is given off as heat, and only about 10% results in light. Turning lights off will also keep a room cooler, an extra benefit in the summer. Halogen Lighting While halogens are more efficient than traditional incandescent bulbs, they use the same technology and are far less efficient than CFLs and LEDs. Therefore, it is best to turn these lights off whenever they are not needed. CFL Lighting Since they are already very efficient, the cost effectiveness of turning CFLs off to conserve energy is a bit more complicated. A general rule-of-thumb is this: If you will be out of a room for 15 minutes or less, leave it on. If you will be out of a room for more than 15 minutes, turn it off. The operating life of CFLs is more affected by the number of times they are switched on and off. You can generally extend the life of a CFL bulb more by switching it on and off less frequently than if you simply use it less. It is a popularly held belief that CFLs use a lot of energy to get started and it is better not to turn them off for short periods. The amount of energy varies between manufacturers and models—however, ENERGY STAR© rated bulbs are required to endure rapid cycling for five-minute intervals to ensure that they can hold up to frequent switching. In any case, the relatively higher "inrush" current required lasts for half a cycle, or 1/120th of a second. The amount of electricity consumed to supply the inrush current is equal to a few seconds or less of normal light operation. Turning off fluorescent lights for more than 5 seconds will save more energy than will be consumed in turning them back on again. Therefore, the real issue is the value of the electricity saved by turning the light off relative to the cost of changing a lightbulb. This in turn determines the shortest cost-effective period for turning off a fluorescent light. The value of the energy saved by turning a CFL off depends on several factors: The price an electric utility charges its customers depends on the customer "classes," which are typically residential, commercial, and industrial. There can be different rate schedules within each class. Some utilities may charge different rates for electricity consumption during different times of the day. It generally costs more for utilities to generate power during certain periods of high demand or consumption, called peaks. Some utilities can charge commercial and industrial customers more per kilowatt-hour (kWh) during peak periods than for consumption off-peak. Some utilities may also charge a base rate for a certain level of consumption and higher rates for increasing blocks of consumption. Often a utility adds miscellaneous service charges, a base charge, and/or taxes per billing period that could be averaged per kWh consumed, if these are not already factored into the rate. LED Lighting The operating life of a light emitting diode (LED) is unaffected by turning it on and off. While lifetime is reduced for fluorescent lamps the more often they are switched on and off, there is no negative effect on LED lifetime. This characteristic gives LEDs several distinct advantages when it comes to operations. For example, LEDs have an advantage when used in conjunction with occupancy sensors or daylight sensors that rely on on-off operation. Also, in contrast to traditional technologies, LEDs turn on at full brightness almost instantly, with no delay. LEDs are also largely unaffected by vibration because they do not have filaments or glass enclosures. Calculating Energy Savings To calculate the exact value of energy savings by turning a lightbulb off, you need to first determine how much energy the bulb consumes when on. Every bulb has a watt rating printed on it. For example, if the rating is 40 watts, and the bulb is on for one hour, it will consume 0.04 kWh, or if it is off for one hour, you will be saving 0.04 kWh. (Note that many fluorescent fixtures have two or more bulbs. Also, one switch may control several fixtures—an "array." Add the savings for each fixture to determine the total energy savings.) Then you need to find out what you are paying for electricity per kWh (in general and during peak periods). You will need to look over your electricity bills and see what the utility charges per kWh. Multiply the rate per kWh by the amount of electricity saved, and this will give you the value of the savings. Continuing with the example above, let us say that your electric rate is 10 cents per kWh. The value of the energy savings would then be 0.4 cents ($ 0.004). The value of the savings will increase the higher the watt rating of the bulb, the greater the number of bulbs controlled by a single switch, and the higher the rate per kWh. The most cost-effective length of time that a light (or set of lights) can be turned off before the value of the savings exceeds the cost of having to replace bulbs (due to their shortened operating life) will depend on the type and model of bulb and ballast. The cost of replacing a bulb (or ballast) depends on the cost of the bulb and the cost of labor to do it. Lighting manufacturers should be able to supply information on the duty cycle of their products. In general, the more energy-efficient a lightbulb is, the longer you can leave it on before it is cost effective to turn it off. In addition to turning off your lights manually, you may want to consider using sensors, timers, and other automatic lighting controls. URL_0	[ "Some types of lamp are also sensitive to switching cycles. Rooms with frequent switching, such as bathrooms, can expect much shorter lamp life than what is printed on the box. Compact fluorescent lamps are particularly sensitive to switching cycles.\n\nSection::::Public lighting.\n\nThe total amount of artificial ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-02585	Why is it that militaries can't use tear gas but police forces do?	1. It's easy to confuse tear gas with chemical weapons, which are banned internationally 2. Tear gas is non-lethal and used for suppression. Most military forces aren't aiming for non-lethal tactics in war situations.	[ "Certain lachrymatory agents are often used by police to force compliance, most notably tear gas. In some countries (e.g., Finland, Australia, and the United States), another common substance is mace. The self-defense weapon form of mace is based on pepper spray, and comes in small spray cans, and versions includi...	[ "Militaries can't use tear gas", "Militaries can't use tear gas but police forces can. " ]	[ "Militaries can use tear gas, but can also use lethal tactics.", "It is likely that tear gas is being confused with banned chemical weapons, in addition to this, the military has no use for a non lethal weapon. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Militaries can't use tear gas", "Militaries can't use tear gas but police forces can. " ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Militaries can use tear gas, but can also use lethal tactics.", "It is likely that tear gas is being confused with banned chemical weapons, in addition to this, the military has no use for a non lethal weapon. " ]
2018-16313	Did prehistoric humans cut their nails?	Specific nail trimming implements do extend into ancient history, possibly prehistory. Beyond that, ancient peoples tended to have a lot of work with their hands, which would contribute to general wear on the nails themselves, and even relatively primitive tools (or even unmodified objects) would be capable of cutting or wearing down nails without too much difficulty.	[ "The first nails were made of wrought-iron. Nails date back at least to Ancient Egypt — bronze nails found in Egypt have been dated 3400 BC. The Bible provides a number of references to nails, including the story in Judges of Jael the wife of Heber, who drives a nail (or tent-peg) into the temple of a sleeping Cana...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-02636	Why does it seem like getting pregnant on purpose is hard, while accidentally getting pregnant is easy?	Getting pregnant on purpose is super easy, unless it's not. Almost 90% of women have no problem getting pregnant, but for the other 10%, it's a very stressful thing, so that 10% gets a lot more sympathy and coverage.	[ "Teenage mothers are nearly twice as likely to have a repeat pregnancy within 2 years if they experienced abuse within three months after delivery.\n\n26% of abused teenage girls reported that their boyfriends were trying to get them pregnant.\n\nSection::::Assessment and intervention.\n\nA typical assessment of wo...	[ "Getting pregnant on purpose is hard." ]	[ "90% of women have no problem getting pregnant." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Getting pregnant on purpose is hard." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "90% of women have no problem getting pregnant." ]
2018-21650	Why do halogens have colours? Why do the colours of halogens deepen when you go down the group?	Differences in the amount of energy in the electrons of the outer shell and the universe constant Planck's Constant Planck's Constant means that the amount of energy a photon has changes its frequency. Since frequency of light defines its color, that means that the different Halogens release different colored light when the electrons in their outer shell change orbits and release the energy as light.	[ "Section::::Characteristics.:Chemical.:Compounds.:Interhalogen compounds.\n\nInterhalogen compounds are in the form of XY where X and Y are halogens and n is one, three, five, or seven. Interhalogen compounds contain at most two different halogens. Large interhalogens, such as can be produced by a reaction of a pur...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-14924	why do car batteries last years without dying, but Ieave my lights on for a couple hours with the car off and suddenly the battery is dead?	Alternator charges the battery when the car is running. Because the lights are on but the car is not running, the battery drains.	[ "If a battery has been completely discharged (e.g. the car lights were left on overnight) and next is given a fast charge for only a few minutes, then during the short charging time it develops only a charge near the interface. The battery voltage may rise to be close to the charger voltage so that the charging cur...	[ "car batteries last years without dying but will die in a few hours with the lights left on." ]	[ "Car batteries only last years if the car gets turned on to charge the battery." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "car batteries last years without dying but will die in a few hours with the lights left on.", "car batteries last years without dying but will die in a few hours with the lights left on." ]	[ "normal", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Car batteries only last years if the car gets turned on to charge the battery.", "Car batteries only last years if the car gets turned on to charge the battery. " ]
2018-03552	How do people get electrocuted in the shower during a storm?	Lightning + water pipes = electrified water pipes. Electrified water pipes + water = electrified water. Electrified water + shower = electrified shower. Electrified shower + wet person = electrified wet person. Electrified wet person + ground = complete circuit. (Always complete your circuit.) This is very unlikely though. You need to have metal pipes outside and no one uses metal pipes anymore. They use PVC pipes. Also the water generally discharges into the surroundings quite quickly so it won't reach the person with enough charge to give them more than a little static. Along with that for the thing to complete the circuit the person needs to be in contact with a conducting surface and tiles are pretty bad at conducting. Finally electricity takes the path of least resistance. In this case there is very little chance that this would be the path of least resistance.	[ "In Madison, a mother and daughter waiting for a Madison Metro bus were electrocuted when lightning struck a power line and caused it to fall onto a flooded street on which they were standing, while another child was injured. A passenger on the bus was killed, and the driver was injured, both having been shocked af...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-00534	What is the Speed of a Photon as it Gets Reflected by a Mirror?	So! Your analogy of a ball isn't a bad one to start with. But instead of thinking about a ball being thrown up, and having its momentum acted on by gravity and reaching a moment of equilibrium, let's instead think about a ball being thrown down. When you bounce a ball it hits the earth and comes back more or less instantly, due to the laws of motion. (I realize I'm way beyond what a 5 year old would understand, stop me if I'm going too fast.) When it comes back up, of course, it is slower and doesn't go so high. That's because of gravity and friction, and inertia. Inertia is the thing that really matters here. A ball has mass and therefore has inertia that it has to overcome. Overcoming inertia slows things down, and inertia is relative to mass. A photon has no mass. And therefore no inertia. When it changes direction, it does it instantly. It bounces without slowing down or losing speed. It's also too small to have friction and while it is affected by gravity, well... We don't really understand gravity so we can't really understand how light is affected by it.	[ "BULLET::::- The excited portion of a reflecting mirror acts as a new source of light and the reflected light has the same velocity \"c\" with respect to the mirror as has original light with respect to its source. (Proposed by Richard Chase Tolman in 1910, although he was a supporter of special relativity).\n\nBUL...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-05656	How do food manufacturers work out the calorie and nutrient content in their foods?	To work out the calorific content of food, you can use something called a “bomb calorimeter”. This is basically a combustion chamber immersed in water. You burn up the food and measure the change in the water temperature, which tells you how much energy is in it. There are other tests for various nutrients. In reality though, they look up standard measures for the ingredients they add to the food and combine the values.	[ "Another approach commonly used by FCD compilers is to ‘borrow’ or ‘adopt’ nutrient values that were originally generated by another organisation. Possible sources for borrowed data: are FCD from other countries, nutrient analyses from scientific literature or manufacturers’ data (e.g. from food labels). Compilers ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-17075	At the end of Wind River a title card states that missing-persons statistics are kept for every demographic group except for Native American women, whose numbers remain unknown. Can someone explain why?	Many Native Americans live on reservations and live in a weird gray world of conflicting laws. The reservations were made to give them independence (or just off land people wanted... regardless) so many local laws to actually pertain to them as they have their own judicial and criminal systems. However some federal laws do apply to them that they have to comply with. This tends to leave a lot of gaps in terms of what people can get away with. Generally missing persons are handled by a local police officer from where the person is missing. However if a Native goes missing on a reservation land it probably falls under reservation authority and they may not keep the same records a standard police office would and thus they would not be captured in national data.	[ "There have also been cases of missing persons reports being accidentally purged from databases, leading to those persons becoming unreported missing.\n\nSection::::Risks.\n\nBeing unreported puts a person at a higher risk of exploitation than a person who is reported missing. Of the approximately 2,340 unreported ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-01266	If we get uranium from the earth, why is nuclear waste such a big deal?	Because nuclear waste is not just leftover uranium. Regular uranium is fairly stable and harmless, but the waste after splitting it is not. It is highly radioactive, damaging to humans and all other life. Just like oil also comes from the ground, but when burned to CO2 it's a harmful greenhouse gas.	[ "Governments around the world are considering a range of waste management and disposal options, usually involving deep-geologic placement, although there has been limited progress toward implementing long-term waste management solutions. This is partly because the timeframes in question when dealing with radioactiv...	[ "Nuclear waste should not be a big deal because it is just uranium which comes from the Earth.", "If uranium is obtained from the Earth, nuclear waste shouldn't be a big deal. " ]	[ "Uranium waste is radioactive and not safe for humans because the radiation.", "Nuclear waste isn't exclusively leftover uranium, regular uranium is fairly stable and harmless, but the waste is not harmless as it causes much damage to humans and other life." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Nuclear waste should not be a big deal because it is just uranium which comes from the Earth.", "If uranium is obtained from the Earth, nuclear waste shouldn't be a big deal. " ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Uranium waste is radioactive and not safe for humans because the radiation.", "Nuclear waste isn't exclusively leftover uranium, regular uranium is fairly stable and harmless, but the waste is not harmless as it causes much damage to humans and other life." ]
2018-02222	Why does water evaporate all the time on a normal day when it's boiling point is 100°C?	Evaporation of liquids into the atmosphere is a normal process that slowly takes place at any temperature. Individual molecules near the surface will occasionally escape away into the atmosphere, but below the liquid's boiling point, air pushes down on the liquid harder than the liquid pushes back, so evaporation is limited and slow. As the liquid heats, its molecules have more kinetic energy and start pushing against each other and against the air with more force. The boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and air are pushing against each other with equal force. At this point liquid molecules will very quickly start escaping into the air. The boiling point of a liquid is actually not a constant number either. Water boils at 100C at sea level. At higher altitudes the atmosphere is thinner and pushes down on the liquid with less force, so the boiling temperature lowers. This is why you'll often see special "high altitude" baking instructions for cakes and the like.	[ "At room temperature and pressure, the water jar reaches equilibrium when the air over the water has a humidity of about 3%. This percentage increases as the temperature goes up. At 100 °C and atmospheric pressure, equilibrium is not reached until the air is 100% water. If the liquid is heated a little over 100 °C,...	[ "If the boiling point of water is 100 degrees celcius, then water should not evaporate at regular temperatures." ]	[ "Evaporation is a normal process that occurs regardless of the temperature." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "If the boiling point of water is 100 degrees celcius, then water should not evaporate at regular temperatures.", "If the boiling point of water is 100 degrees celcius, then water should not evaporate at regular temperatures." ]	[ "normal", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Evaporation is a normal process that occurs regardless of the temperature.", "Evaporation is a normal process that occurs regardless of the temperature." ]
2018-02267	Embarrassing question, but why does it hurt when shampoo enters the urinary tract?	Shampoo contains chemicals that are designed to strip away the oils from your hair. As a result, it's somewhat harsh on skin. The skin/tissue inside of your urinary tract is particularly sensitive and thus much more likely to experience problems if such abrasive chemicals come in contact with it. If you read the labels, it'll probably say "for external use only" for this reason.	[ "The ureters are richly innervated by nerves that travel alongside the blood vessels, building the ureteric plexus. The primary sensation to the ureters is provided by nerves that come from T12-L2 segments of the spinal cord. Thus pain may be referred to the dermatomes of T12-L2, namely the back and sides of the ab...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-00407	Why do certain stars have ridiculous names like "R13a1" or "VY Canis Majoris"?	There are a lot of stars out there. A lot a lot. Think of the biggest number you can hold on your head. That's nothing compared to the number of stars in the sky. Let's go back to the days before computers. You can't give a nice name to every one of those stars, but you still need to uniquely identify them if you want to be able to talk about a specific start with someone, so you start to number them. Very quickly, you start to realize you'll never be able to keep track of all these numbers. Was the red hypergiant your friend was studying star 3886 or 3668? There are too many to remember. So you come up with a different method. Your friend's star is in the constellation Canis Major, so you use use that as an identifier to get started. You decide to start ranking the stars by their apparent brightness, so you use the Greek alphabet and name the brightest star alpha, then beta, then gamma, and so on. When you run out of Greek letters, you start in on numbers. It's still a bit messy but at least it helps. But you didn't account for stars with variable brightness. No matter, they can be named separately. Start with A for the first one in the constellation that was ever discovered, then go through the alphabet to Z, then AA, AB, AC, etc. Just add a new letter each time you run out. Now, this method was actually developed in the days before telescopes. It was around before we knew there were more than a few thousand of them out there. It's still kind of a lacking system. Other systems were developed over the centuries, but until 80 years ago or so, there just weren't enough stars out there to REALLY be a problem. But then we had a space race between America and the USSR, sparking lots of interest in space exploration. With more resources than there ever were before being devoted to discoveries beyond our own planet, individual humans couldn't keep up. Soon computers were discovering stars for us. So many that it was meaningless to name them. So we began using computer assigned numbers and letters to name them. We can search databases these days to find individual star information instantly. We don't really NEED nice names for the stars. But we're sentimental, so we continue using old names like Betelgeuse and VY Canis Majoris alongside the newer designations. They're a little easier to remember anyway.	[ "BULLET::::- Sualocin and Rotanev for components of Alpha and Beta Delphini, two stars which appeared in the Palermo star catalogue of 1814. They were eventually identified as the reversed spelling of \"Nicolaus Venator\", a Latinised version of Nicolò Cacciatore, assistant to the astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi. It is ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-08011	Why is it so hard to get some kids/teens to adopt hygiene habits?	For some, it just doesn’t seem important/they feel like they can spend that time doing something they enjoy instead.....or they just don’t care enough to bother with what they feel is a chore	[ "Should these therapies become accepted, public policy implications include providing green spaces in urban areas or even providing access to agricultural environments for children.\n", "The term \"hygiene hypothesis\" has been described as a misnomer because people incorrectly interpret it as referring to person...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-00634	How is the Earth still spinning?	Conservation of momentum. While the moon and sun's gravity has caused a bit of drag and slowed the earth, it hasn't been enough to stop it.	[ "In the absence of external torques, the total angular momentum of Earth as a whole system must be constant. Internal torques are due to relative movements and mass redistribution of Earth's core, mantle, crust, oceans, atmosphere, and cryosphere. In order to keep the total angular momentum constant, a change of th...	[ "The Earth should have stopped spinning by now. " ]	[ "Conservation of momentum have allowed the Earth to spin this long." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "The Earth should have stopped spinning by now. ", "The Earth should have stopped spinning by now. " ]	[ "normal", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Conservation of momentum have allowed the Earth to spin this long.", "Conservation of momentum have allowed the Earth to spin this long." ]
2018-03976	do fat people die less fast of starvation than average weight people?	Technically yes. But aside from the energy the extra fat would provide, both people still need essential vitamins that the body would not provide solely from stored fat. When you stop eating, your body starts breaking down muscle as well, including the muscles required to keep vital organs working. So in reality, the person with more muscle mass would have a better shot at surviving longer from total starvation than just who has the most stored fat.	[ "Speakman's critique of the thrifty gene hypothesis is based on an analysis of the pattern and level of mortality during famines. Despite much anecdotal evidence used to suggest that famines cause substantial mortality, Speakman suggests that where real data are available famines actually involve rather low levels ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-01954	Why doesn’t Coke stain?	I don’t know what you’re talking about. I can tell you for a fact that coke stains. There are still stains on the carpet in my parents house that can prove that.	[ "The Nile blue staining, according to Kleeberg, uses the following chemicals:\n\nBULLET::::- Nile Blue A\n\nBULLET::::- 1% acetic acid\n\nBULLET::::- Glycerol or glycerol gelatin\n\nSection::::Nile blue staining.:Workflow.\n", "Solvent-based coatings contain solvents at concentrations of approximately 70 to 75 pe...	[ "Coke doesn't cause stains." ]	[ "Coke causes stains. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Coke doesn't cause stains." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Coke causes stains. " ]
2018-00742	Why is it that Africa is still poor regardless of the fact that 1st world countries give them billions of dollars to raise the standards of living?	I'm not the most qualified, but considering the seemingly corrupt governments, warlords, and impoverished people the billions given to them may not go directly to most the people. Not to mention the diseases that plagues their low funded health and medical systems or the millions maybe billions of people/workers that have been and still are taken from there. But its important to not group the whole continent together. I think the sub saharan and west coast of africa may be doing the worse because of the listed above. But the major cities in Africa are thriving and they are expected to be pretty populous in the decade.	[ "The second trend has been a move from unfunded to funded solutions, and DB to DC schemes, albeit at a slower pace than in developed countries. This is a broad reflection of the increased pressure on government budgets, and the unsustainable fiscal burden that PAYG pension systems create.\n", "In the end, foreign...	[ "Billions of dollars are given to these countries to raise standard of living and the money is being used for that.", "Because Africa has been given billions of dollars, they should not be poor. " ]	[ "The money may not go directly to the people who need it the most because of corrupt government officials or other corruption. ", "Most of the money given to Africa didn't actually go to the people and could of likely ended up in the wrong hands." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Billions of dollars are given to these countries to raise standard of living and the money is being used for that.", "Because Africa has been given billions of dollars, they should not be poor. " ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "The money may not go directly to the people who need it the most because of corrupt government officials or other corruption. ", "Most of the money given to Africa didn't actually go to the people and could of likely ended up in the wrong hands." ]
2018-01916	How did it come to be that Japanese Books/Comics/Manga are read from right-to-left, rather than left-to-right?	Japanese is traditionally written right to left, but vertically as well. The Chinese gave them their writing system, which evolved into the Japanese alphabets. They also write right to left.	[ "Since written Japanese fiction usually flows from right to left, manga artists draw and publish this way in Japan. When first translating various titles into Western languages, publishers reversed the artwork and layouts in a process known as \"flipping\", so that readers could follow the books from left-to-right....	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-08217	If species is defined as a group of organisms able to produce offspring with each other, how do biologists classify species that reproduce asexually?	Turns out there are lots of different species concepts and not a single concept that works for every species. You are describing the 'biological species concept', but species concepts exist that define species by their role in the environment, their physical appearance, their evolutionary history, etc. Many of those concepts work well for asexually reproducing species. Ultimately, scientists go by the concept that works best for the group they are studying.	[ "The genus \"Lepteutypa\" is teleomorphic (reproducing sexually) and the corresponding anamorphic name, used to describe the asexual form, is Seiridium (formerly \"Coryneum\"). For instance, the name \"Seiridium cupressi\" can still be used for the anamorphic form of that species, but now that it is known that a se...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-13275	Why is our ring finger harder to bend/straighten then our other fingers, but with the pinky finger up it is less hard to straighten it?	The ring and pinky fingers share a tendon, unlike your other fingers which each have their own. \ Tendons are what connects your bones to your muscles, allowing them to move	[ "Pinky ring\n\nA pinky ring is a ring worn on the little finger of either hand, which is also called the \"fifth finger\".\n\nSection::::Professional rings.\n", "Some British men wear a signet ring on the little finger of the left hand, which is considered to be the correct place for it.\n\nIn common with many Am...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-02025	why have my siblings and I all contracted the flu, at vastly different times, since getting the flu shot?	As I’m sure you know, the flu shot combines 3 strains of the flu virus that are statistically determined to be the most likely for the upcoming season. Unfortunately, the flu vaccine this year has poor effectiveness against the H3N2 strain, which is what’s spreading around right now.	[ "The specificity and the quality of the immune response against novel strains of influenza is often diminished in individuals who are repeatedly immunized (by vaccination or recurrent infections). However, the impact of antigenic sin on protection has not been well established, and appears to differ with each infec...	[ "Getting the flu shot would prevent the siblings from getting sick at all." ]	[ "A different strain of the virus then what the vaccine is for was also going around. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Getting the flu shot would prevent the siblings from getting sick at all." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "A different strain of the virus then what the vaccine is for was also going around. " ]
2018-00881	how does fast charge/ quick charge work ?	USB has a standardized voltage, quick charge at it's simplest is just using USB power delivery outside of the standard (more voltage). To not damage anything, the charger and your phone communicate to determine if they are quick charge compatible with each other, if not they revert to USB standard which is guaranteed to work.	[ "Quick Charge\n\nQuick Charge is a technology found in Qualcomm SoCs, used in devices such as mobile phones, for managing power delivered over USB. It offers more power and thus charges batteries in devices faster than standard USB rates allow. Quick Charge 2 onwards technology is primarily used for wall adaptors, ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-05374	In a court of law, why are diaries of the accused admissible? Isn't that just a form of being forced to testify against yourself?	The production of the diary is considered voluntary testimony; you can't force someone to make statements, written or verbal, but if they choose to do so themselves they can be entered as evidence. The prohibition of forced incrimination doesn't mean someone can't do it themselves.	[ "Chapters formed from Helen's diary strictly follow its style and differ from Gilbert's narrative. It should be noted that his story is also taken from his own diary. Such adherence to the diaries may be considered as a 'testimony of experience'. Since the Renaissance writing a diary had been a popular form of docu...	[ "Diaries are a form of being forced to testify against yourself.", "Diaries of the accused is a form of being forced to testify against yourself." ]	[ "A diary is considered voluntary testimony, as the writer chose to write the diary themselves, they were not forced to do so.", "The production of the diary is considered voluntary testimony." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Diaries are a form of being forced to testify against yourself.", "Diaries of the accused is a form of being forced to testify against yourself." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "A diary is considered voluntary testimony, as the writer chose to write the diary themselves, they were not forced to do so.", "The production of the diary is considered voluntary testimony." ]
2018-03014	How come when you hold your pee, the urge to go seems to come and go periodically?	Your desire to pee is periodic (when it is not severe) because of how chemical messengers and receptors function. There is also a prioritization which occurs in the brain; thus there exists a biological and biopsychological aspect. Biological: When your bladder begins to expand, there are proteins, cells, and tissues which expand along side of it. You can imagine these tissues and neurons being wrapped around like an elastic band. The process of expanding causes chemical gradients to occur in these tissues. Once enough of a gradient is formed, a signal is sent to your brain through neuropeptides (more chemical messengers, but for your brain). For neuropeptides, they don't last forever (otherwise you would feel like you need to pee all the time). In addition to this, once a cell has recieved a chemical message, it lets the signal sit in the receptor for a short period, then it recycles the receptor and consumes the chemical messenger. This also results in a delay. But even after all this, your bladder is still expanding and those gradient messages are still accumulating. For a short period, there is no signal due to the receptor recycling, and due to a re-buildup of the gradient messengers. After a short period, it comes back becuase of the same mechanisms. Importantly, it is a cumulative effect, where lots of signals need to occur for our brain to understand the actual severity. Biopsychological: Your body prioritizes things due to your actions. If you are focused or in states of concentration, your brain shifts these messages to be less important... there is a more frequent and rapid signal occurring in your parietal lobe of the brain saying "we have to seriously focus". All that needs to happen is for your concentration/attention to be greater than your need to pee, and you will over-ride those chemical signals. This aids in the periodicity of the signal because of shifting priorities.	[ "Urgency is considered the hallmark symptom of OAB, but there are no clear criteria for what constitutes urgency and studies often use other criteria. Urgency is currently defined by the International Continence Society (ICS), as of 2002, as \"Sudden, compelling desire to pass urine that is difficult to defer.\" Th...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-00234	How efficient are humans at generating electricity (through an exercise bike for example) relative to food intake?	Let's take a man who works hard and eats 4 million calories/day(about what's recommended for intense physical work), he also can sustain solid 75 watts of work for all of his 8 working hours. 1 watt is 1 joule/second, so it's 75\8\60\*60 = 2160000 joules of mechanical energy. Let's say you can convert it to electricity with 100% efficiency(though you probably can't in reality) On the other hand 1 calorie = 4.184 joules so he ate 16736000 joules worth of food energy. 2160000/16736000 = 13% efficiency	[ "While attempts have been made to fit electric generators to exercise equipment, the energy collected is of low value compared to the cost of the conversion equipment.\n\nSection::::Human-powered transport.\n", "Although this shows a large \"relative\" increase in food required for low power cycling, in practice ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-00875	Why is the president saluted while they retain a civilian status?	The President of the USA is also Commander in Chief of all branches of the military. So, he is technically a part of the military chain of command, and is treated appropriately by military personnel.	[ "The custom of saluting commissioned officers relates wholly to the commission given by Her Majesty the Queen to that officer, not the person. Therefore, when a subordinate airman salutes an officer, he is indirectly acknowledging Her Majesty as Head of State. A salute returned by the officer is on behalf of the Qu...	[ "President is saluted while they are a civilian." ]	[ "President is also the Commander in Chief to the military and they will treat the president as such. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "President is saluted while they are a civilian." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "President is also the Commander in Chief to the military and they will treat the president as such. " ]
2018-04972	What gives acid a burning property like Sulfuric Acid? Why doesnt Vinegar or Lemon juice "burn"?	They do. The acid in lemon juice and vinegar can trigger the same chemical reactions as sulfuric acid, but they're much weaker and the reactions aren't nearly as intense. Lemon juice can be used to make a battery, can cause mild burns on sensitive parts of your skin, and can even "cook" food in ways very similar to weak sulfuric acid. The sour taste of lemons and vinegar is a sign of the acid in them. I accidentally got a taste of dilute sulfuric acid once: it tasted like the sourest lemon you could possibly imagine. (Do not try this at home, obv.)	[ "Citric acid exists in greater than trace amounts in a variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably citrus fruits. Lemons and limes have particularly high concentrations of the acid; it can constitute as much as 8% of the dry weight of these fruits (about 47 g/l in the juices). The concentrations of citric acid i...	[ "Vinegar and lemon juice do not burn like sulfuric acid does." ]	[ "Vinegar and lemon juice do have the same chemical reactions as sulfuric acid but they're much weaker." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Vinegar and lemon juice do not burn like sulfuric acid does." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Vinegar and lemon juice do have the same chemical reactions as sulfuric acid but they're much weaker." ]
2018-03731	Why do some shots hurt after you get them?	So it depends on several factors 1) placement: under the skin, in the muscle or in a vein. Vein- it goes in and that’s that. Muscle and under the skin both will have a “bubble” of the medicine or whatever form. Each allows it to displace and absorb differently. 2) what it is being injected. Some shots are more viscous or have stuff in them that will irritate the surrounding tissue 3) volume - rather obvious 4) how often is that location used for shots. 5) needle sharp/dull?	[ "BULLET::::- intracavernous injection, an injection into the base of the penis\n\nBULLET::::- intradermal, (into the skin itself) is used for skin testing some allergens, and also for mantoux test for tuberculosis\n\nBULLET::::- intralesional (into a skin lesion), is used for local skin lesions, e.g. acne medicatio...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-03190	Why are the spaces between airplane windows smaller than the space between seats?	Because the windows are part of the overall design of the entire plane body whereas the internal seating arrangement is based on what the airline chooses and can vary over the life of a plane.	[ "Most \"narrow-body\" airliners with more than 100 seats have space below the cabin floor, while smaller aircraft often have a special compartment separate from the passenger area but on the same level.\n", "Section::::Windows.\n", "\"Wide-body\" airliners frequently have a compartment like the ones described a...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-01556	How do vecotr drawings work? Specifically are they enlarged w/o losing quality?	They work by being determined by shapes and their relations to each other, not pixels. In raster drawing, you have a set amount of colored boxes, pixels. If you enlarge the image, the boxes get enlarged as well and you loose quality. In vector drawing. You have information about shapes and where they should be. So it doesn't matter how big the canvas is, when you still know where on it should the shape be.	[ "Section::::Description.:Lilliput effects.\n\nThe Lilliput effect is a term coined in 1993, used to describe the dramatic reduction in size observed in populations of a taxa which have survived a major extinction event, attributable to a variety of environmental factors. This effect has been documented in numerous ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-00320	Why do bad smells linger around and last longer than good ones? Just mildly curious...	Because your brain evaluates smells. Good smells are hints for good things (mostly food and mates), and stop being important after you found the good thing. (After all, you can't eat that orange twice, but the smell of it lingering might make you miss the less strongly smelling nut.) Bad smells are an indication of danger (spoiled food, poison, predators, fire ...), and stay important even after you noticed them - a lingering smell of smoke is an indication that there's fire in the vicinity, after all. EDIT: Added missing "less", that turned meaning of sentence.	[ "Section::::Preserving perfume.\n\nFragrance compounds in perfumes will degrade or break down if improperly stored in the presence of heat, light, oxygen, and extraneous organic materials.\n\nProper preservation of perfumes involves keeping them away from sources of heat and storing them where they will not be expo...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-09410	Why Are Things Like Homophobia, Transphobia And Islamophobia Called Phobias When They're Not Phobias?	In our vernacular, "phobia" pretty much means fear, but that is not the only use of the suffix. In the world of chemistry, for example, a substance that attracts water is called "hydrophilic" (it loves water!) and a substance that does not attract (or may even repel) water is called "hydrophobic". In the case of homophobia, transphobia, islamophobia, the do not have to do with irrational fear, but rather ideologies or practices that are disliked, disapproved, not embraced, not found compatible. That kind of stuff.	[ "Section::::Society and culture.\n\nSection::::Society and culture.:Terminology.\n\nThe word \"phobia\" comes from the (\"phóbos\"), meaning \"aversion\", \"fear\" or \"morbid fear\". In popular culture, it is common for specific phobias to have names based on a Greek word for the object of the fear, plus the suffi...	[ "Homophobia, transphobia And Islamophobia are not phobias.", "It doesn't make sense to use the suffix \"phobia\" in cases such as Homophobia, Transphobia." ]	[ "The word \"phobia\" can refer to attitudes towards ideologies or practices such as dislike, disappproval, and/or incompatibility; some examples are homophobia, transphobia, and Islamophobia.", "While \"phobia\" usually means fear, in these cases \"phobia\" instead has the meaning of disliked or disapproved or no...	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Homophobia, transphobia And Islamophobia are not phobias.", "It doesn't make sense to use the suffix \"phobia\" in cases such as Homophobia, Transphobia." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "The word \"phobia\" can refer to attitudes towards ideologies or practices such as dislike, disappproval, and/or incompatibility; some examples are homophobia, transphobia, and Islamophobia.", "While \"phobia\" usually means fear, in these cases \"phobia\" instead has the meaning of disliked or disapproved or no...
2018-12431	Why is "0-60 in x seconds" used to measure a car's acceleration?	It's the rough amount of speed a person needs to attain in order to get onto a highway/freeway from a standstill at a stop sign/red light. It's a useful determiner for the average user because we all will generally use this feature. Knowing the exact amount of horsepower, torque, or thrust-to-weight ratio doesn't really help the average user.	[ "The precision and verifiability of numbers sometimes make them a more effective sales tool than vague and non-numeric descriptions such as \"state of the art\" or \"leaves the others in the dust\". When used in deceptive advertising, the deception lies more in the question of relevance rather than truth since the ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-20025	Do essential oils have any effect on health?	They may have a slight medical benefit, but not nearly the level that people make them out to be. I believe the biggest benefit is the placebo effect.	[ "Essential oils are often used for aromatherapy, a form of alternative medicine in which healing effects are ascribed to aromatic compounds. Aromatherapy may be useful to induce relaxation, but there is not sufficient evidence that essential oils can effectively treat any condition. Improper use of essential oils m...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-15299	Why do US households have washing machine and dryer as two different appliances instead of a single appliance ?	A combined unit isn’t as efficient as 2 individual ones. You can fit more in a washing load than a drying load, so you either need to do more, smaller loads, or take some clothes out before the drying cycle starts. Also, you can only do one load at a time. If you have separate units you can start a second wash whilst the first is in the dryer. And as previously mentioned, if something goes wrong, you can’t wash or dry anything	[ "There is a trend of networking home appliances together, and combining their controls and key functions. For instance, energy distribution could be managed more evenly so that when a washing machine is on, an oven can go into a delayed start mode, or vice versa. Or, a washing machine and clothes dryer could share ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[ "All US households have a washing machine and dryer as two separate appliances." ]	[ "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "US households can have a combined washer-drier unit or separate units." ]
2018-07358	How did/do people train messenger or carrier pidgeons????	They fly back home by themselves, however, you cannot train them to fly anywhere else. They were usually transported in a cage to the sender location.	[ "By the 12th century, messenger pigeons were used in Baghdad. Naval chaplain Henry Teonge (c. 1620–1690) describes in his diary a regular pigeon postal service being used by merchants between İskenderun and Aleppo in the Levant. The Mughals also used messenger pigeons. \n", "Henry Clark Pidgeon\n\nSection::::Life...	[ "Carrier pigeons are trained to fly places other than home. ", "People train messenger or carrier pigeons." ]	[ "Carrier pigeons only fly home and are not trained to fly other places. ", "Messenger or carrier pigeons instinctively fly home from where they are released, but they cannot be trained to fly to specific locations." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Carrier pigeons are trained to fly places other than home. ", "People train messenger or carrier pigeons." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Carrier pigeons only fly home and are not trained to fly other places. ", "Messenger or carrier pigeons instinctively fly home from where they are released, but they cannot be trained to fly to specific locations." ]
2018-01200	Why is a super blue blood moon so rare and why are the time between them so different.	Its a combination of obscure factors that need to sync up. A super moon is when the moon is full or close to and at its closest point. There are 3-4 full moons per year that would qualify for this A blue moon is the second full moon within a calendar month, since the moon's cycle is 29.5 days its pretty unlikely to get 2 full moons in a month so it occurs every 2.7 years A blood moon is the moon during a lunar eclipse, there are two of those a year. In order to get a super blue blood moon you need all of these events to sync up and with all their different periods it takes a long time between successive events.	[ "The following blue moons occur between 2009 and 2021. These dates use UTC as the timezone; exact dates vary with different timezones.\n\nSection::::Blue moons between 2009 and 2021.:Seasonal.\n\nUsing the \"Maine Farmers' Almanac\" definition of blue moon (meaning the third full moon in a season of four full moons...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-05060	How do games run out of memory? I know that Pac Man reaches the kill screen when one half of the board runs out of memory,but how does it happen??	The kill screen in pacman doesn't occur because it runs out of memory, it happens because of an integer overflow. The game keeps the current level stored as a single byte integer. A byte can hold a number between 0 and 255. When it passes level 255 is increments this counter, but instead of reaching 256 it rolls back to 0 - that's what the "overflow" means. The game code however doesn't know how to handle "level 0" (the code assumes the level number is 1 or larger) which causes it to malfunction. A more in-depth explanation can be found here: URL_0	[ "If you use 6502 to: load register x with the x coordinate, load register y with the y coordinate, load accumulator with a color, and then call \"Draw line\", you have used up 9 bytes. If there are a total of 1000 such lines in all game images, then that would be 9K gone. The actual memory used for a draw command i...	[ "Pac man kill screen is because it runs out of memory." ]	[ "Pac man kill screen is an integer overflow error." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Pac man kill screen is because it runs out of memory." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Pac man kill screen is an integer overflow error." ]
2018-00850	Even if gold price reduces or increases how do gold dealers keep their profit even if what they buy in or sell out is reasonably a "loss?"	Your premise is false. They buy for less than the full market price, and they try to sell for the full market price. If the price goes up in the meantime, they make extra profit. If the price goes down in the meantime, they make less profit, or even lose some money.	[ "The price of gold bullion is volatile, but unhedged gold shares and funds are regarded as even higher risk and even more volatile. This additional volatility is due to the inherent leverage in the mining sector. For example, if one owns a share in a gold mine where the costs of production are $300 per ounce and th...	[ "Gold dealers maintain a constant profit.", "Gold dealers might be buying or selling gold at a loss.", "Gold dealers pay full market price for gold." ]	[ "Gold dealers lose money when the price of gold goes down.", "Gold deals are buying for less than full market price and then try to sell at full market price.", "Gold dealers pay less than full market price for gold." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Gold dealers maintain a constant profit.", "Gold dealers might be buying or selling gold at a loss.", "Gold dealers pay full market price for gold." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Gold dealers lose money when the price of gold goes down.", "Gold deals are buying for less than full market price and then try to sell at full market price.", "Gold dealers pay less than full market price for gold." ]
2018-03440	How do people die from a drug overdose by using drugs you ingest? Wouldn’t your body just throw it up?	Not everything that's bad for you makes you throw up. That's your body's reaction to specific stimuli, not to everything bad. Plus, you can only throw up what's still in your stomach. It's possible to absorb enough of something into your bloodstream to kill you, at which point throwing up won't help because it's already too late.	[ "Reports of overdose in medical literature are generally from abuse, and often involve other drugs as well. Symptoms include vomiting, excessive sweating, coma, periods of stopped breathing, seizures, agitation, loss of psychomotor skills, and coma. Overdose can lead to death due to respiratory depression. People w...	[ "If the body consumes something bad, you always vomit.", "Body should throw up drugs before they kill you from overdose." ]	[ "The body vomits in reaction to specific stimuli, both negative and positive substances.", "Your body can only get rid of what is still in your stomach and it is possible to absorb enough to kill you before you throw it up. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "If the body consumes something bad, you always vomit.", "Body should throw up drugs before they kill you from overdose." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "The body vomits in reaction to specific stimuli, both negative and positive substances.", "Your body can only get rid of what is still in your stomach and it is possible to absorb enough to kill you before you throw it up. " ]
2018-21837	For TV series, why is each episode directed by a different person each time? Why isn't it one director like in movies?	Pumping out weekly episodes is a difficult task. There's too much work in arranging for everything for one person. So they split out the series between different directors, each managing a few episodes. Then the challenge becomes arranging time with the actors and for shared sets.	[ "The rule that a film can only have one single director was adopted to preserve the continuity of a director's vision and to avoid producers and actors lobbying for a director's credit, or studios hiring multiple directors for a single film or television episode.\n", "Some shows have a small stable of directors, ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-02433	how does finger print reading under the glass work and how is it so accurate?	It will work on OLED screens as they don't need a backlight to display the image like LCD screens, instead they have thousands/millions of individual pixels that can change colour. In between the pixels are tiny gaps allowing the sensor to be behind the pixels and look through at your fingerprint.	[ "BULLET::::- Smart glass is seen in the television series \"Lie to Me\" with the interrogation/interview room at the Lightman Group offices consisting of what amounts to a room-sized box within a larger room, with smart glass walls. The walls appear to be white and opaque most of the time, but can be rendered clear...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-06704	Why the USA has such high rape rate beign a developed country?	Getting accurate crime statistics is difficult, and comparing statistics between countries is even more difficult. Rape is probably one of the most difficult comparisons to make, because of the massive cultural differences in how it's defined by the criminal laws as well as how comfortable victims are reporting it and how the police respond when they do. That said, the UNODC data showed the US having a rape rate that was pretty comparable to other developed countries, like Australia, New Zealand, Iceland, and Belgium.	[ "Section::::Policy and statistics by country.:Ghana.\n\nIn a survey of Ghanaians, 8% of women reported having been raped by a man in their lifetimes and 5% of men reported having raped a wife or girlfriend.\n\nSection::::Policy and statistics by country.:Iceland.\n", "In a 2010 report on sexual violence in Nicara...	[ "The USA is too much of a developed country to have a high rape rate.", "Amongst developed countries, the USA has a significantly higher rape rate." ]	[ "It is difficult to determine what a high crime rate is because determining accurate crime statistics is difficult, especially rape. Therefore is no for sure way to determine is USA has a high rape rate or not.", "According to UNODC data, the US has a rape rate comparable to other developed countries such as Aust...	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "The USA is too much of a developed country to have a high rape rate.", "Amongst developed countries, the USA has a significantly higher rape rate." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "It is difficult to determine what a high crime rate is because determining accurate crime statistics is difficult, especially rape. Therefore is no for sure way to determine is USA has a high rape rate or not.", "According to UNODC data, the US has a rape rate comparable to other developed countries such as Aust...
2018-06634	Why do airline pilots print off large piles of paper on a dot matrix printer at the gate?	Airline pilot here. TLDR - this is the simple way to produce documents that have to be signed and then copies go to various different places. Often when we get to the gate we collect the flight plan, weather charts and briefing information. This is mostly laser printed and is a backup to the same content on our company ipads. The documents that you may see being printed on a dot matrix printer include the loadsheet, fuel receipt, dangerous goods declaration / notice to captain etc. The significance of this is that an impact method printer like dot matrix can be used with carbon paper to produce duplicate/triplicate copies of the document. These particular documents are legal documents that require the captain’s signature on them. Therefore, these documents are printed off, the captains signs on them, then a copy stays with the crew, a copy goes with the dispatcher and a copy gets filed somewhere. It’s a simple way to evidence what documentation was used for the flight and to ensure there are no discrepancies between what the crew are using and what ops have on record. You can’t really do that with a laser printer or an ipad (at the moment).	[ "BULLET::::- many point-of-sale terminals br\n\nBULLET::::- Dot matrix impact printers such as the Epson tm-u220b (which don't need thermal paper) are more tolerant of the hot and dirty operating conditions found in many industrial settings, allowing them to be used even in settings such as restaurant or cafeteria ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-04411	If a virus requires a living host to survive then how can viruses exist in the first place?	The answer is not clear; as of now. One of the main theories is that viruses were originally alive but over time, they have devolved into needing a living host.	[ "The mechanisms for infection, proliferation, and persistence of a virus in cells of the host are crucial for its survival. For example, some diseases such as measles employ a strategy whereby it must spread to a series of hosts. In these forms of viral infection, the illness is often treated by the body's own immu...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-07162	How do countries get rid of nuclear warheads when they decide they no longer want/need them?	They take them apart and mix the plutonium with a ceramic forming a fuel pellet. These pellets are then shipped to the correct type of nuclear reactor and used as nuclear fuel. A lot of Soviet and American warheads dismantled due to treaties ended up as fuel in Canadian nuclear reactors as the two powers didn't trust each other.	[ "The United States is one of the five recognized nuclear powers by the signatories of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). As of 2017, the US has an estimated 4,018 nuclear weapons in either deployment or storage. This figure compares to a peak of 31,225 total warheads in 1967 and 22,217 in...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-14814	why does california always have big wildfires?	Drought, lightning strikes, dead forests, pollution, and cigarette butts. It's the same in B.C., which has been on fire every summer for the past seven years.	[ "Because natural wildfires are more likely to appear towards the end of long, dry summers, they have become a more serious problem in recent years because of climate change, which makes wildfires increasingly larger and more frequent. Additionally, climate change has also widened the wildfire \"season\" from a few ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-23232	Why is music subjective? How can one persons music taste differ completely from another’s?	Almost everything in existence with a taste preference is subjective. I had read somewhere that people’s music taste is generally fixed by age 14, baseline that is. It’s a lot to do with familiarity, what you were raised with, this is why certain musical tastes are highly geographic or cultural. So, if you had an eclectic music taste at 14, you probably still will, if you only listened to hip hop at 14, you probably still will, if you listened to vacuous lowest common denominator ‘radio friendly’ pop at 14, you probably still will. Interestingly, there are some objective factors ubiquitous to almost all global musical cultures that are covered in quite some detail by Dimitri Tymoczko in his book A Geometry of Music. For instance, people overwhelmingly prefer tonal and rhythmic music over atonal or arhthymic ‘music’.	[ "BULLET::::- In music, subjective constancy is the identification of a musical instrument as constant under changing timbre or \"conditions of changing pitch and loudness, in different environments and with different players.\"\n\nBULLET::::- In speech perception this means that vowels or consonants are perceived a...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[ "Music taste is entirely subjective." ]	[ "normal", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Music tastes have a lot to do with familiarity, what a person is raised with, and are are highly geographic or cultural. " ]
2018-02755	How do moguls on ski runs get formed? Are they a result of the grooming process or simply the natural result of people skiing down the hill?	They are formed by the action of the skiers. As they turn, they kick up snow, which over time forms the heaps of snow that become moguls. Over time, moguls slowly actually move uphill, as skiers kick snow off the front of each mogul and towards the back. Grooming the piste is what stops them from forming.	[ "Moguls are a series of bumps on a piste formed when skiers push snow into mounds as they do sharp turns. This tends to happen naturally as skiers use the slope but they can also be constructed artificially. Once formed, a naturally occurring mogul tends to grow as skiers follow similar paths around it, further dee...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-09063	Why does it seem like every movie is produced by both a large well known company and a small, never heard from again company?	The producers for each movie form a company that exists only to finance that movie. This allows them to isolate the money and debt involved with the film. If there is some sort of problem and the production company is sued, then only the money raised for that film is at stake. If a large company produced the film, all their assets could be at stake in a lawsuit. NOTE: I'm not advocating for or against this business practice, merely stating why it happens.	[ "The partners at This Is That have been responsible for over fifty feature films. In addition to their seven Academy Award Nominations their films have received eighteen Indie Spirit Nominations. Three of their films have won the Grand Prize at the Sundance Film Festival. \n\nIn both 2007 & 2008, This Is That produ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-02759	Why does an old TV screen or some lights flicker when you look away from them, but when you look right at them it seems the light is stable.	The center of your eyes field of vision is attuned more for detail while the edges are more for sensing movement.	[ "Successive contrast occurs when the perception of currently viewed stimuli is modulated by previously viewed stimuli.\n\nFor example, staring at the dot in the center of one of the two colored disks on the top row for a few seconds and then looking at the dot in the center of the disk on the same side in the botto...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-02291	how come people sometimes shake their legs or bounce them up and down repetitively when when they are sitting?	I do this because of ADHD. Fidgeting is therapeutic, helps me focus, and is more often than not subconscious.	[ "Section::::Causes and effects.\n", "Section::::Signs and symptoms.:Associated conditions.\n\nThe disorder is closely associated with developmental disabilities or autism. More recent studies have shown there is a strong link between prolonged RMD and ADHD.\n\nSection::::Causes.\n", "Section::::Causes.:Possible...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-03682	Why a mother's allergies or autoimmune diseases antibodies don't get transmitted through colostrum to its newborn, but the rest of the antibodies do?	Not all antibodies are the same. Colostrum is mostly IgG, IgA, and IgM. Allergies are usually IgE mediated. IgE generally causes a very strong response, and is used in fighting parasites in a normal animal. Generally IgE is located in tissues and is very reactive (skin and lungs especially), and is very low in the blood. Colostrum gets antibodies (and other stuff) from the blood, so since there isn’t much to begin with it doesn’t get into colostrum in meaningful amounts. Autoimmune diseases aren’t always due to autoantibodies, but those can be transmitted. I can’t find much evidence that it causes disease, but it could. However, colostral antibodies don’t last forever. Generally they get cleared after awhile and the individual’s own immune system takes over.	[ "Colostrum is crucial for newborn farm animals. They receive no passive transfer of immunity via the placenta before birth, so any antibodies that they need have to be ingested (unless supplied by injection or other artificial means). The ingested antibodies are absorbed from the intestine of the neonate. The newbo...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[ "Mother should pass allergies to child." ]	[ "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "Allergies do not get passed to child due to certain things mediating hormones not passing to child." ]
2018-01529	Why does caffeine greatly affect certain people (energy bursts, withdrawal symptoms, etc.) but not others?	There are actually multiple reasons for this, but the main reason is your genetics! More specifically, genetics which affect your liver. When you drink caffeinated drinks, the caffeine enters your bloodstream, and circulates around in the blood until it eventually enters your liver. In the liver, the drug (caffeine) is metabolized (deactivated). Afterwards you pee out these metabolized blends. Where do your genetics play in? Well, your liver is actually made up of several enzymes, and each enzyme metabolizes several different drugs. Your genetics decide how much of an enzyme is produced, which in turn decides how quickly you metabolize a certain drug. *Note:* I am by no means an expert and I did have to do minor research on my own to write this answer. I might have gotten some aspects wrong and I know for sure that my explanation didn't cover everything!	[ "Studies have demonstrated that people who take in a minimum of 100 mg of caffeine per day (about the amount in one cup of coffee) can acquire a physical dependence that would trigger withdrawal symptoms that include headaches, muscle pain and stiffness, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, depressed mood, and marked irrita...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-05845	how does a food processor and a blender give you such different consistencies when all they both do is have a blade spinning in circles.	I would think that it is the shape of the blades. One may have just a two pronged flat blade. The other is more articulated and has additional arms/blades. Here is a cool video (kind of) touching on the subject. URL_0	[ "Food processor\n\nA food processor is a kitchen appliance used to facilitate repetitive tasks in the preparation of food. Today, the term almost always refers to an electric-motor-driven appliance, although there are some manual devices also referred to as \"food processors\".\n\nFood processors are similar to ble...	[ "Food processors and blenders should not create different consistencies in food when they perform the same task.", "Because food processors and blenders perform similar actions, they should not create different consistencies within food. " ]	[ "Food processors and blenders may have blades of different shapes, and/or a differing number of blades, which will give food different consistencies. ", "The actions of food processors and blenders don't determine the consistency of the food, the blade to the device does. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Food processors and blenders should not create different consistencies in food when they perform the same task.", "Because food processors and blenders perform similar actions, they should not create different consistencies within food. ", "Food processors and blenders have similar blades." ]	[ "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "Food processors and blenders may have blades of different shapes, and/or a differing number of blades, which will give food different consistencies. ", "The actions of food processors and blenders don't determine the consistency of the food, the blade to the device does. ", "Food processors and blenders may ha...
2018-05569	How can our relatively tiny eyeballs simultaneously absorb all the photons bouncing off something as large as the moon so that we can see it as a whole?	They're not. If your eyes were absorbing all the photons bouncing off the moon, nobody else would be able to see it... plus your eyes would probably boil. Your eyes detect the minuscule proportion of photons that reach your pupils, and no more than that. Visible things scatter reflected and retracted light in lots of directions. Luminous things emit light in lots of directions. Only a fraction of those need to get to your eyeballs for you to be able to discern something.	[ "The ability of two-photon excitation to address molecules deep within a sample without affecting other areas makes it possible to store and retrieve information in the volume of a substance rather than only on a surface as is done on the DVD. Therefore, 3D optical data storage has the possibility to provide media ...	[ "Our eyes can see something as large as the moon as a whole by absorbing all of the photons bouncing off the object." ]	[ "Eyes cannot do this - they can detect a very tiny proportion of the photons, but only a fraction of the photons are needed to be able to discern something." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Our eyes can see something as large as the moon as a whole by absorbing all of the photons bouncing off the object." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Eyes cannot do this - they can detect a very tiny proportion of the photons, but only a fraction of the photons are needed to be able to discern something." ]
2018-07788	Why can Illegal Immigrants in America get Driver's Licenses, go to Public Schools, etc. if they are illegal?	Immigration laws are federal laws & enforced by the federal government. Drivers licenses & schools are run by the states. It's neither their job nor responsibility to enforce immigration law. The states just want to ensure that drivers are qualified & you don't have uneducated children running around causing havoc. These people are still going to exist. If you don't give them licenses, they're still going to drive.	[ "Section::::New York.:Reaction.\n", "In \"Plyler v. Doe\" (1982) the Supreme Court struck down a Texas statute denying free public education to illegal immigrants as a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because discrimination on the basis of illegal immigration status did not fur...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-19684	Why do countries have different names in different languages? Shouldn't names be universal like they are with people?	Names aren't universal with people at all. Different languages pronounce names differently, or have different "versions" of common names.	[ "Formal writing in (especially older) Dutch uses almost as much Latin as the lawyer's English, and, for instance, \"N.N.\" was and is commonly used as a \"John Doe\" placeholder in class schedules, grant proposals, etc.\n\nEmperor Justinian's codification of Roman law follows the custom of using \"Titius\" and \"Se...	[ "Names of people are universal.", "Because people are from different countries, they should have universal names regardless of the language spoken within the country. " ]	[ "People's names are not universal, since in different languages they can vary in pronounciation or common names could have different versions.", "Names are not universal within countries and cannot be due to the languages within the country pronouncing names differently." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Names of people are universal.", "Because people are from different countries, they should have universal names regardless of the language spoken within the country. " ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "People's names are not universal, since in different languages they can vary in pronounciation or common names could have different versions.", "Names are not universal within countries and cannot be due to the languages within the country pronouncing names differently." ]
2018-02510	Can anyone in IT break down the difference between a Database, Data Warehouse, Data Lake, Data Mart?	Database - This is a general term and the other 3 are just types of databases that are structured differently. But it may be that those you are talking with are applying this to be the main user application. Data Warehouse - Is a database that has been designed specifically to hold data in a form that makes it easy to create reports from and it structured to perform that task quickly and efficiently. It often contains data from across different areas of an organisation, so report the number of widgets made from the manufacturing system beside the sickness/absence rate of the people in manufacturing. Data Mart - This is usually a subset of data within a data warehouse for a specific area. Data Lake - Trendy name for a huge data warehouse but probably just for a specific subject area	[ "Types of data marts include dependent, independent, and hybrid data marts.\n", "BULLET::::- Different tools and applications for the variety of users;\n\nBULLET::::- Metadata, data quality, and governance processes must be in place to ensure that the warehouse or mart meets its purposes.\n\nIn regards to source ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-09377	Why don’t books come with digital codes for ebooks like Blurays do with digital copies?	The very simple answer is money. They can’t charge you for the ebook on top of it then. At least with textbooks, the publishers really are that greedy. You can’t really stream a book either like you do with movies and those companies gain a lot of revenue from those services book companies won’t get as a result. There are ebook subscriptions but they are notably less popular.	[ "While a paper book is vulnerable to various threats, including water damage, mold and theft, e-books files may be corrupted, deleted or otherwise lost as well as pirated. Where the ownership of a paper book is fairly straightforward (albeit subject to restrictions on renting or copying pages, depending on the book...	[ "Because blurays come with digital copies, books should also come with digital copies such as ebooks." ]	[ "It is not exactly possible for companies to do as such do to costs, and the inability to charge for the ebook in the first place. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Because blurays come with digital copies, books should also come with digital copies such as ebooks.", "Because blurays come with digital copies, books should also come with digital copies such as ebooks." ]	[ "normal", "false presupposition" ]	[ "It is not exactly possible for companies to do as such do to costs, and the inability to charge for the ebook in the first place. ", "It is not exactly possible for companies to do as such do to costs, and the inability to charge for the ebook in the first place. " ]
2018-04350	Do cannabinoid receptors in humans suggest that our ancestors were potheads, or is there some other use for them?	These receptors were discovered when attempting to determine marijuana’s activity in the brain, hence the name. The receptors didn’t actually evolve for the sole purpose of getting high. Endocannabinoids are cannabinoids produced within the body that will bind to these receptors, regulating a slew of physiological and cognitive processes— appetite being one of them, a familiar side effect of marijuana smoke.	[ "Phytocannabinoids are known to occur in several plant species besides cannabis. These include \"Echinacea purpurea\", \"Echinacea angustifolia\", \"Acmella oleracea\", \"Helichrysum umbraculigerum\", and \"Radula marginata\". The best-known cannabinoids that are not derived from Cannabis are the lipophilic alkamid...	[ "cannabinoid receptors in humans suggest that our ancestors were potheads", "Cannabinoid receptors suggest that ancestors of humans commonly chose to get high." ]	[ "Cannabinoid receptors were just named that way because they were discovered when trying to figure out how cannabis affects the brain. They also serve other functions. ", "The receptors were actually only discovered when people attempted to determine Marijuana's activity in the brain, and not so much for the sole...	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "cannabinoid receptors in humans suggest that our ancestors were potheads", "Cannabinoid receptors suggest that ancestors of humans commonly chose to get high." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Cannabinoid receptors were just named that way because they were discovered when trying to figure out how cannabis affects the brain. They also serve other functions. ", "The receptors were actually only discovered when people attempted to determine Marijuana's activity in the brain, and not so much for the sole...
2018-17979	if oil is ancient organic matter, then how is there so much of it?	Hundreds of millions of years of swamps doing swampy things... ...like sucking down carbon from the atmosphere and sinking it in anoxic environments where it turns to kerogen and then to fossil fuels. The Carboniferous period predated the Permian Triassic Mass Extinction Event —aka: The Great Dying— by laying down gigatons of Carbon... which turned to coal, oil, and methane... huge volumes of which were burned by the EXTREME volcanism of the Siberian Traps. Like 96%+ of the tree of life went extinct. [Burning Fossil Fuels Almost Ended Life on Earth]( URL_0 )	[ "The presence of low-oxygen and hydroxyl-poor hydrocarbons in natural living media is supported by the presence of natural waxes (n=30+), oils (n=20+) and lipids in both plant matter and animal matter, for instance fats in phytoplankton, zooplankton and so on. These oils and waxes, however, occur in quantities too ...	[ "Supplies of oil should be limited because it is ancient organic matter.", "If oil is ancient organic matter then there should not be so much available. " ]	[ "There are ample supplies of due to millions of years of swamps turning carbon from the atmosphere into fossil fuels.", "Due to so much time passing, much oil was able to be created." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Supplies of oil should be limited because it is ancient organic matter.", "If oil is ancient organic matter then there should not be so much available. " ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "There are ample supplies of due to millions of years of swamps turning carbon from the atmosphere into fossil fuels.", "Due to so much time passing, much oil was able to be created." ]
2018-13389	Why does average life expectancy vary greatly among nations?	The main thing that affects life expectancy is infant mortality. Babies and young children are particularly vulnerable, and if lots of people die during their early years then that will bring the average life expectancy down. When you hear things like life expectancy used to only be 40 something in the middle ages, it's not that it was rare to live to past 40, it was that it was very common for young children to die from disease. Once you reached adulthood you had a decent chance of living to old age. In the end it does come down to things like healthcare, hygiene, lifestyle, diet and so on. If you move to a country where those things are better then you will increase your chances of living longer. But if you're already an adult it won't make as big a difference as it would if you moved as a baby. And of course it depends on what you have access to. I imagine a rich person in India will have access to decent healthcare, clean drinking water and plenty of food so will have a higher life expectancy than a poor person who doesn't have as much access to those things.	[ "Economic circumstances also affect life expectancy. For example, in the United Kingdom, life expectancy in the wealthiest and richest areas is several years higher than in the poorest areas. This may reflect factors such as diet and lifestyle, as well as access to medical care. It may also reflect a selective effe...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-12388	Why do storms always look more menacing before it rains?	You are seeing the mass of water that prevents light from passing through it, making it look dark from afar. Once "inside" the storm, and it's raining all around you, light passes through better, because you are inside this area, as opposed to looking at it from the outside in from a distance, and the particles of water seem far more dispersed, therefore letting light in/through.	[ "Numerous pentimenti suggest that Heade altered the composition over time; for example, the hills on the horizon were originally larger and more jagged. Records suggest that \"Approaching Thunder Storm\" was exhibited at the National Academy of Design in 1860. In 1868, Heade painted \"Thunder Storm on Narragansett ...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-01202	Why pointing lasers at planes is so dangerous and therefore a criminal offence?	You might blind the pilot(s), and thus cause, or contribute to, an accodent that can kill potentially hundreds of people.	[ "On 2 November 2009, Dana Christian Welch of Southern California was sentenced to 2.5 years in a federal prison after being found guilty of shining a hand-held laser light into the eyes of two pilots landing Boeing jets at John Wayne Airport.\n\nSection::::Regulations and misuse.:United States.:Michigan.\n", "The...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]
2018-11844	In space, what opposing force keeps orbiting entities, like planets/satellites, orbiting against the constant pull of gravity?	There is no opposing force. Orbiting is when something is falling due to gravity, but it continually misses its target. > but how can it go on forever It doesn't because nothing goes on forever. In the context of the universe at large, it's very important to make the distinction between "Forever" and "For an unthinkably long time". > without some force compensating for slowly decreasing speed due to pull of gravity? And why would it slowly decrease? There's no friction in space. There's nothing in space.	[ "Asimov lists tug-of-war ratio for 32 satellites (then known in 1963) of the Solar System. The list below shows one example from each planet.\n\nSection::::The special case of the Moon.\n\nUnlike other satellites of the solar system, the solar attraction on the Moon is more than that of its primary. According to As...	[ "An opposing force keeps planets and satellites orbiting against the pull of gravity." ]	[ "There is no opposing force." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "An opposing force keeps planets and satellites orbiting against the pull of gravity.", "An opposing force keeps planets and satellites orbiting against the pull of gravity." ]	[ "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "There is no opposing force.", "There is no opposing force." ]
2018-03018	Does the chance of getting Heads in a coin toss increase as I get more Tails?	No, the chance of getting head is the same with every throw. The throws are independent and are therefore 50/50 every time. However, the chances of throwing 3 heads in a row is 1 in 8. This is because 1/2 X 1/2 X 1/2 is 1/8. You can see that each throw is still 50/50, the odds simply stack up. The chances are the same every time, however, getting the same result multiple times in a row is much less likely.	[ "Now the same coin is reused and you are asked to bet on the outcome again.\n\nIf the first flip was tails, there is a 100% chance you are dealing with a fair coin, so the next flip has a 50% chance of heads and 50% chance of tails.\n", "Bernoulli came across expected utility by playing the St Petersburg paradox....	[ "Chance of heads increases with increasing taus runs.", "Chance of heads increases after multiple coin tosses." ]	[ "Chance of coin flip is always 50 50 for a standard coin.", "Chance of heads doesn't ever change. It is always 50/50." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Chance of heads increases with increasing taus runs.", "Chance of heads increases after multiple coin tosses." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "Chance of coin flip is always 50 50 for a standard coin.", "Chance of heads doesn't ever change. It is always 50/50." ]
2018-18109	Why do feet have such a big impact on body temperature?	There are lots of blood vessels in your feet. If your feet get cold your blood cools and then returns to the body, forcing your body to warm it back up.	[ "In birds with webbed feet, retia mirabilia in the legs and feet transfer heat from the outgoing (hot) blood in the arteries to the incoming (cold) blood in the veins. The effect of this biological heat exchanger is that the internal temperature of the feet is much closer to the ambient temperature, thus reducing h...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-02308	Why does it cost $39 to overdraft your account, or $3 for using a "foreign" ATM? What costs does the bank incur for those transactions in order to charge that amount of money?	The charges are mostly arbitrary, as most prices you encounter are. They are a business and that is an easy way for them to make money.	[ "Section::::Charges for exceeding authorised overdraft limits.\n", "In general, the fee charged for an informal request is between £25 and £30, along with an increased rate of debit interest. The charges for cheques and Direct Debits which are refused (or \"bounced\") due to insufficient funds are usually the sam...	[ "Banks incur some cost that they need to charge the customer when they overdraft their account." ]	[ "The fee is actually arbitrary and is just there to make the bank extra money." ]	[ "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "Banks incur some cost that they need to charge the customer when they overdraft their account.", "Banks incur some cost that they need to charge the customer when they overdraft their account." ]	[ "normal", "false presupposition", "normal" ]	[ "The fee is actually arbitrary and is just there to make the bank extra money.", "The fee is actually arbitrary and is just there to make the bank extra money. " ]
2018-15240	Why did super gluing a cotton thread to a popsicle stick light my coffee table on fire tonight?	It's the cotton. Super Glue (at least some brands of it) spontaneously combust when in contact with cotton. Cottons have a lot of hydrogen and oxygen in the molecules, which react to the glue easily. That creates a lot of heat, and fire.	[ "The NRC fined Thermal Science Inc. $900,000. TSI rejected NRC's claims but wound up settling out of court for $300,000.\n\nThe latest iteration of Thermo-Lag related issues involving a Thermo-Lag overlay over top of existing Thermo-Lag was USNRC Information Notice 2018-09, which indicated that during the fabricati...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-18960	Does sound get louder when multiplied?	Sound waves carry energy that physically makes the air particles (or any medium that it travels through) viabrate as the sound moves. If you have more things making noise the total amount of particles viabrateing in the air is a lot more thus a louder noise.	[ "Wallach et al. did not systematically vary the intensities of the two sounds, although they cited research by Langmuir et al. which suggested that if the second-arriving sound is at least 15 dB louder than the first, the precedence effect breaks down.\n\nThe \"Haas effect\" derives from a 1951 paper by Helmut Haas...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-00724	Why do movie studios opt for CGI when it seems like practical affects would be cheaper, easier for actors to work with, and preferred by audiences?	Because CGI generally does look better the reason alot of people think practical effects are better is because we only notice bad CGI	[ "Arguably the biggest and most \"spectacular\" use of CGI is in the creation of photo-realistic images of science-fiction/fantasy characters, settings and objects. Images can be created in a computer using the techniques of animated cartoons and model animation. \"The Last Starfighter\" (1984) used computer generat...	[ "Practical effects would be more effecient to use for movie studios than CGI." ]	[ "CGI overall looks much better than practical effects, therefore despite the cost effectiveness of practical effects. CGI is the better choice." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Practical effects would be more effecient to use for movie studios than CGI.", "Practical effects would be more effecient to use for movie studios than CGI." ]	[ "normal", "false presupposition" ]	[ "CGI overall looks much better than practical effects, therefore despite the cost effectiveness of practical effects. CGI is the better choice.", "CGI overall looks much better than practical effects, therefore despite the cost effectiveness of practical effects. CGI is the better choice." ]
2018-00473	how do chameleons change their colors?	Firstly, i just want to say that it's a common misconception that they do this to camouflage themselves against a background. In fact, chameleons mostly change color to regulate their temperatures or to signal their intentions to other chameleons. Now to the actual ELI5: The outermost layer of a chameleons skin is transparent, below that layer there are several layers of skin that contain specialized cells called Chromatophores, the Chromatophores at each level is filled with sacs of different pigments. The deepest layer contains melanophores, which are filled with brown melanin (the same pigment that gives human skin its many shades). Atop that layer are cells called iridophores, which have a blue pigment that reflects blue and white light. Layered on top of those cells are the xanthophores and erythrophores, which contain yellow and red pigments, respectively. Normally, the pigments are locked away inside tiny sacs within the cells. But when a chameleon experiences changes in body temperature or mood, its nervous system tells specific chromatophores to expand or contract. This changes the color of the cell. By varying the activity of the different chromatophores in all the layers of the skin, the chameleon can produce a whole variety of colors and patterns. For instance, an excited chameleon might turn red by fully expanding all his erythrophores, blocking out the other colors beneath them. A calm chameleon, on the other hand, might turn green by contracting his erythrophores and allowing some of the blue-reflected light from his iridophores to mix with his layer of somewhat contracted yellow xanthophores. With these layers of cells, some chameleons are capable of producing a dazzling array of reds, pinks, yellows, blues, greens, and browns. These bold statements won't help them blend into the background, but they will allow them to get their message across to other chameleons loud and clear.	[ "Section::::Behavior and ecology.\n\nIt is a common misconception that chameleons of any kind can change color to match any color of their environments. All chameleons have a natural color range with which they are born, and is dictated by their species. It is affected by temperature, mood, and light. If, for examp...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-09562	How can two consecutive days with visually similar weather conditions (sunny and blue skies) have such different temperatures? (e.g. Monday sunny/25°c, Tuesday sunny/13°c)	Weather doesn't just depend on the cloud cover in a given location. Air movement is important because the air has a temperature, meaning if the wind brings warm air over to you then the weather will be warmer regardless of how sunny it is.	[ "The variation in temperature that occurs from the highs of the day to the cool of nights is called diurnal temperature variation. Temperature ranges can also be based on periods of a month, or a year. \n\nThe size of ground-level atmospheric temperature ranges depends on several factors, such as:\n\nBULLET::::- Th...	[ "Temperature depends mostly on visual weather conditions. " ]	[ "Temperature depends on air movement more than cloud cover." ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Temperature depends mostly on visual weather conditions. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Temperature depends on air movement more than cloud cover." ]
2018-06536	What happens to dust particles that get in to the eyes and lungs?	If they truly get deep into your lungs, they may become trapped there, but that's a relatively hard place to reach. Most are caught before then in mucus lining your airways. Tiny moving cilia work in concert to gradually move this mucus towards your throat, where you either swallow it or cough it out. Dust in your eyes is flushed out with tears, either onto the face if the irritation (And the crying) is great enough, or by draining into your nasolacrimal duct into the back of your nose/throat.	[ "Acute incidence rates for nasal, eye, and throat irritation, and coughing and breathlessness were found to be associated with increased exposure levels of both exposure indices. Steeper exposure-response slopes were seen when short term exposure concentrations were used. Results from multivariate logistic regressi...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-05704	Why diesel engine cannot run on petrol?	Diesel engines ignite the fuel with a different process than petrol. In a diesel engine, it's the compression of the fuel above a certain pressure that causes a spontaneous ignition. Normal petrol is formulated to resist that effect, because engines designed for it use spark plugs to create electrical arcs that ignite the fuel. Putting one into the other would cause either nothing to happen (diesel would not even start), or would potentially damage the engine because the fuel would ignite when it's not supposed to.	[ "The viscosity requirement of diesel fuel is usually specified at 40 °C. A disadvantage of diesel as a vehicle fuel in cold climates is that its viscosity increases as the temperature decreases, changing it into a gel (see Compression Ignition – Gelling) that cannot flow in fuel systems. Special low-temperature die...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-17027	How do saves work in video games?	Imagine I had a box that I wanted to be able to use at any time. Due to physical limitations, I can't take the box with me everywhere I go, but, everywhere I go has a 3d printer. If I know the dimensions of the box, I don't need the original, I can just print another one when I get to my destination. The save file is like the dimensions of the box. It contains the parameters necessary to recreate the game as saved.	[ "A video game may allow the user to save at any point of the game, any time, though using it too much may be seen by some as cheating and in such a context referred to as save scumming. There are modified versions of this, too. For example, in the GameCube game \"Eternal Darkness\", the player can save almost anyti...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]
2018-03386	When something breaks (like a piece of plastic), why can't you just stick it back together? What was holding it together in the first place?	Plastic is a polymer - at the molecular level, it's a shapeless* blob of very long molecules all clumped together. A decent analogy is a tangled skein of yarn. It's very difficult to untangle it, but if you take some scissors and cut through it, you can't put it back together. This is because the long polymer chains have been physically cut. The two sides don't generally spontaneously reconnect if you put them next to each other - it might require some outside input of energy (like melting them together). *some plastics do have semi-crystalline structures	[ "Section::::Self-healing polymers and elastomers.\n\nIn the last century, polymers became a base material in everyday life for products like plastics, rubbers, films, fibres or paints. This huge demand has forced to extend their reliability and maximum lifetime, and a new design class of polymeric materials that ar...	[ "Should be able to stick plastic back together.", "Once plastic is broken in half it should be able to be put back together." ]	[ "The polymer chains in the plastic have been broken and do not just recombine. It would require energy to be added. ", "When plastic is broken, the polymer chains that kept it together have been broken, therefore it cannot be put back together. " ]	[ "false presupposition" ]	[ "Should be able to stick plastic back together.", "Once plastic is broken in half it should be able to be put back together." ]	[ "false presupposition", "false presupposition" ]	[ "The polymer chains in the plastic have been broken and do not just recombine. It would require energy to be added. ", "When plastic is broken, the polymer chains that kept it together have been broken, therefore it cannot be put back together. " ]
2018-23158	Why is stepping on certain material makes more sound than others?	Well, metal carries vibrations more than a simple rock. Sounds occurs when the air around your ears is vibrated. So stepping on metal (especially if it's hallow) just vibrates the air around it at a higher magnitude. But I could be wrong.	[ "BULLET::::- Chemical engineering. The chemical properties of the powder or substance to be debonded. Especially the auto adhesive properties of the powder.\n", "Though he was inspired by Drobner, Penderecki’s timbre system goes another step further, in which “it is of no importance whether metal, wood, and leath...	[]	[]	[ "normal" ]	[]	[ "normal", "normal" ]	[]

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.