category stringclasses 9
values | correct_votes int64 0 12 | gold_evidence list | id stringlengths 20 20 | label stringclasses 2
values | retrieved_evidence list | text stringlengths 16 429 | total_likes int64 0 7 | total_votes int64 0 13 | wikipedia_page stringlengths 3 49 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "Adele's second album, 21, earned her a record-tying six Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year; two Brit Awards, including British Album of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With sales of more than 120 million record... | 17a4UFCAA4pMtVmfz2aR | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Career | 2018–present: Upcoming fourth studio album",
"text": "On 5 May 2019, the date of her 31st birthday, Adele posted several black-and-white pictures of herself on her Instagram account celebrating her birthday along with a message reflecting on the preceding year."
},
{
"s... | The fame of her 2nd studio album, 21, earned Adele several wins, and she is a best-selling celebrity. | 0 | 0 | Adele |
Music | 8 | [
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "Spears announced through her Twitter account in August 2014 that she would be releasing an intimate apparel line called \"The Intimate Britney Spears\"."
}
] | 17slZSVjRBmvwqxlFxWW | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "Spears announced through her Twitter account in August 2014 that she would be releasing an intimate apparel line called \"The Intimate Britney Spears\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2008–... | Britney Spears clothing line is called "The Beary Britney Spears". | 3 | 8 | Britney Spears |
Popular Culture | 7 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables (, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century."
}
] | 18KUxGStUTNAisn0lUY6 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Each chapter is relatively short, commonly no longer than a few pages."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Sequels",
"text": "Laura Kalpakian's Cosette: The Sequel to Les Misérables was published in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary... | Les Misérables was written by Leo Tolstoy and is 500 pages in 15 chapters. | 2 | 8 | Les Misérables |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Blenheim (German: Zweite Schlacht bei Höchstädt; French Bataille de Höchstädt), fought on 13 August 1704, was a major battle of the War of the Spanish Succession."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Louis XIV of France sought to knock... | 18qyLl8uTJBxRY5d3vag | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Battle | Fall of Blenheim",
"text": "The French infantry fought tenaciously to hold on to their position in Blenheim, but their commander was nowhere to be found."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Blenheim (German: Zweite Schlacht bei Höchstädt; Frenc... | The Battle of Blenheim was fought between the French and the Romans for Spain. | 2 | 5 | Battle of Blenheim |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Margaret Natalie Smith was born in Ilford, Essex, on 28 December 1934."
}
] | 18xqwYI7zjHB2I3zuP9q | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "Smith has five grandchildren."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The role also won Smith her first BAFTA Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1981, Smith played the goddess Thetis in Clash of the Titans... | Smith grew up in Paris. | 0 | 0 | Maggie Smith |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Later reign, 1107–35 | Rebellion, 1115–20",
"text": "Concerned about the succession, Henry sought to persuade Louis VI to accept his son, William Adelin, as the legitimate future Duke of Normandy, in exchange for his son's homage."
}
] | 19bGYbY6jqbn7d9uxHRx | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Family and children | Legitimate",
"text": "Henry and his second wife, Adeliza of Louvain, had no children."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and children | Illegitimate",
"text": "Henry had a number of illegitimate children by various mistresses."
},
{
"section_header... | Henry I of England was not worried about his successor due to the facts that his children were elite fighters and highly educated. | 2 | 2 | Henry I of England |
Sports | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Francis \"Pud\" Galvin (December 25, 1856 – March 7, 1902) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher in the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was MLB's first 300-game winner and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fa... | 19bt0ALOh723kx6s6ij3 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1965 by the Veterans Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was MLB's first 300-game winner and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1965."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
... | James Galvin was added to the Baseball Hall of Fame the same year he died. | 3 | 5 | Pud Galvin |
Science | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life and education",
"text": "Einstein always excelled at math and physics from a young age, reaching a mathematical level years ahead of his peers."
}
] | 1ASeZbLkAa0CKvz8Z2WQ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life and education",
"text": "At 17, he enrolled in the four-year mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Zürich polytechnic school."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Specializing in physics and mathematics, he received his a... | Einstein flunked mathematics in school when he was a lad. | 4 | 6 | Albert Einstein |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Compositions | Other works",
"text": "Although he attended performances of Wagner's operas, he was much more interested in the music than the plot."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions | Other works",
"text": "After seeing Wagner's Götterdämmerung, he asked: \"Tell me, why ... | 1AgCqoSRteMrb76HOGwY | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "they had eleven children, Anton Bruckner being the eldest."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions | Secular vocal works",
"text": "This music is rarely performed."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions | Symphonies | The Bruckner... | Anton Bruckner loved Operatic performances for their deep and involved stories. | 0 | 0 | Anton Bruckner |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Film career | 2010s",
"text": "He co-starred as himself in the 2011 comedy film Jack and Jill."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | 2010s",
"text": "The film was panned by critics, and Pacino \"won\" the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor at the 32nd ceremon... | 1Avf6byiweHh94BdXUzr | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Pacino has been nominated and has won many awards during his acting career, including nine Oscar nominations (winning one), 18 Golden Globe nominations (winning four), five BAFTA nominations (winning one), two Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on telev... | Al Pacino didn't win any awards for his role in Adam Sandler's "Jack and Jill". | 0 | 0 | Al Pacino |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This bittersweet tragicomedy centres on an odd triangle of characters: Basil Ransom, a political conservative from Mississippi; Olive Chancellor, Ransom's cousin and a Boston feminist; and Verena Tarrant, a pretty, young protégée of Olive's in the feminist movement."
... | 1B1z88XQbGHXaq0CxQ4B | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "James shows remarkable ability to create a broad cross-section of American society, which helps refute the charge that he could only handle small, closed-off bits of life."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Mississippi lawyer and Civil War vet... | The Bostonians is a book about a couple in Boston, Massachusetts and their life during the American Revolutionary War. | 0 | 0 | The Bostonians |
Popular Culture | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The final survivor of the sinking, Millvina Dean, aged two months at the time, died in 2009 at the age of 97."
}
] | 1BWWvc4u2ifHAyXN0x9B | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Survivors and victims",
"text": "The last living survivor, Millvina Dean from England, who at only nine weeks old was the youngest passenger on board, died aged 97 on 31 May 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Wreck",
"text": "Titanic was long thought to ha... | The final survivor of the Titanic was a one year old baby. | 1 | 3 | Titanic |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life, career and war",
"text": "During the Civil War, Bulkeley served as a private with the 13th New York Volunteer Heavy Artillery."
}
] | 1BhuJSrFfr3P2fl0npxe | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Early life, career and war",
"text": "After the Civil War, Bulkeley returned to Morgan & Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, career and war",
"text": "During the Civil War, Bulkeley served as a private with the 13th New York Volunteer Heavy Artillery."
},
{
... | Morgan Bulkeley served in the American Civil War for the south. | 0 | 0 | Morgan Bulkeley |
Sports | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "Construction was performed by 120 workers, and took 13 and a half months to complete."
}
] | 1CNjsfZUCAgYgML8mHLV | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "The team's stadium is the 80,018 seat San Siro, officially known as the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza after the former player who represented both Milan and Inter."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "Construction was performed by 120 workers, and took 13 ... | The Stadio Giuseppe Meazza construction started in 1925 and took a year to build. | 1 | 7 | Inter Milan |
Music | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "All hawks seem to have this habit, from the smallest kestrel to the largest Ferruginous – but not the Eagles."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "It has been observed that most birds of prey look back over their shoulders before striking pr... | 1COC4u65djKQ19HuZ7GZ | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "Golden and crowned eagles have killed ungulates weighing up to 30 kg (66 lb) and a martial eagle even killed a 37 kg (82 lb) duiker, 7–8 times heavier than the preying eagle."
},
{
"section_header": "In culture | Religion and folklore",
"text": "In par... | Eagles do not like to double check that nothing is sneaking up on them before they snatch up their snacks. | 1 | 2 | Eagles |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her father was an alcoholic and her parents separated during her childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stapleton made her Broadway debut in 1946 in The Playboy of the Western World, and went on to win the 1951 Tony Award for Best Featur... | 1D2RIKXb6H34G5OMqZGA | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She became friends with Marilyn Monroe, who was only one year younger than Stapleton."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "She was not related to All In the Family star Jean Stapleton (who used her mother's maiden name professionally)... | Maureen Stapleton was on Broadway in the 1940s and came from a broken family. | 0 | 0 | Maureen Stapleton |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Third Sacred War",
"text": "Philip was involved in the Third Sacred War which had begun in Greece in 356."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Third Sacred War",
"text": "However, Athens had made overtures for peace, and when Philip again moved south, peace was s... | 1DtcgCW39fOhoDDYuxUY | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early military career",
"text": "As Athens had declared war against him, he allied Macedon with the Chalkidian League of Olynthus."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Third Sacred War",
"text": "In 346 BC, he intervened effectively in the war between Thebes and ... | Philip II of Macedon was a military man and an incognito ruler in a sacred war with Athens in a fight to the finish. | 0 | 0 | Philip II of Macedon |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "History | Bon Jovi: 2020 (2019–present)",
"text": "The release date was scheduled for May 15, 2020, but Jovi announced in an interview with Howard Stern that the album and its accompanying tour, Bon Jovi 2020 Tour, will have to be postponed due to the events of COVID-19."
}
] | 1F0XJccRyiDnnoH8gDSH | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "History | Bon Jovi: 2020 (2019–present)",
"text": "On April 20, 2020, Bon Jovi announced that the Bon Jovi 2020 Tour had been canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Bon Jovi: 2020 (2019–present)",
"text": "The release date was scheduled for... | COVID 19 only delayed the new Bon Jovi album and 2020 tour, but was recently set to resume mid October. | 0 | 0 | Bon Jovi |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 11",
"text": "AMC announced that The Walking Dead was renewed for an eleventh season on October 5, 2019, just prior to the tenth-season premiere."
}
] | 1F1iP4lGQlKSLYt7Pi2b | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 4 (2013–14)",
"text": "Rick's group are forced to separate and flee, but not before Hershel and the Governor are killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 8 (2017–18)",
"text": "Before euthanizing himself, Carl convinces Rick to end t... | The TV series was green-lit for its 11th season before the 10th season was released. | 0 | 0 | The Walking Dead (TV series) |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It began in 1837 when William Lyon Mackenzie and other Canadian rebels, with support from US citizens, fled to an island in the Niagara River, in the ship Caroline."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Caroline affair (also known as the Caroline... | 1FMbUfUB6XBQarSQ0lZi | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Shortly after the incident, a Canadian sheriff named Alexander McLeod claimed that he had helped attack the Caroline during the Caroline affair."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the aftermath, the incident led to the legal principle of the ... | The Caroline Affair refers to an incident with a boat, three countries, and an island. | 0 | 0 | Caroline affair |
Geography | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Purpose of construction",
"text": "Hadrian's Wall was probably planned before Hadrian's visit to Britain in 122."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | \"Broad Wall\" and \"Narrow Wall\"",
"text": "Also, sometime during Hadrian's reign (before 138) the wall west of the Irth... | 1FSXLIVyuEcntIQkehi2 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Roman-period names",
"text": "Hadrian's family name was Aelius, and the most likely reading of the inscription is Valli Aelii (genitive), Hadrian's Wall, suggesting that the wall was called by the same name by contemporaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Roman-period names",
"te... | The wall was not built during Hadrian's lifetime and the name is simply a tribute to him and his military prowess. | 1 | 4 | Hadrian's Wall |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Cold Blood is a non-fiction novel by American author Truman Capote, first published in 1966; it details the 1959 murders of four members of the Herbert Clutter family in the small farming community of Holcomb, Kansas."
}
] | 1FgDul1B5tTLnFH2AGhw | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Coverage and public discussion",
"text": "Inspired by that article, Truman Capote wrote, in 1965 serialized in The New Yorker, and in 1966 published as a \"non-fiction novel\", titled In Cold Blood, a true-crime book that detailed the murders and trial."
},
{
"section_header": "... | In Cold Blood is a non-fiction novel about a multiple murder in the Midwest. | 0 | 0 | In Cold Blood |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In two volumes, The Red and the Black: A Chronicle of the 19th Century tells the story of Julien Sorel's life in France's rigid social structure restored after the disruptions of the French Revolution and the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte."
},
{
"section_header": "... | 1G8zM5FBOcAZByMDvltt | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Le Rouge et le Noir (French pronunciation: [lə ʁuʒ e l(ə) nwaʁ]; meaning The Red and the Black) is a historical psychological novel in two volumes by Stendhal, published in 1830."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "Presuming a knowled... | The Red and the Black is a historical psychological novel that chronicled the 1900s. | 0 | 0 | The Red and the Black |
Popular Culture | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Wildlife",
"text": "At one time, the Mystic River was home to many species of fish, including salmon, alewife, blueback herring, striped bass, bluefish, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, bluegill, carp and more."
}
] | 1GaIKHSUGtMkwdNhnBiT | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mystic River is a 7.0-mile-long (11.3 km) river in Massachusetts, in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1805 the Middlesex Canal linked the Charles and Mystic Rivers to the Merrimack River in Lowell, and during the 19th c... | The Mystic river foster mostly catfishes and trouts. | 2 | 6 | Mystic River |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film follows the life of Kyle, who became the deadliest marksman in U.S. military history with 255 kills from four tours in the Iraq War, 160 of which were officially confirmed by the Department of Defense."
}
] | 1HWs96FWrtOq880WKafo | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Cavalry scout sniper Garett Reppenhagen stated that he did not view Iraqi civilians as savages, but as part of a friendly culture for which the movie has furthered ignorance, fear, and bigotry."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Histori... | The movie American Sniper is about the greatest Navy SEAL's sniper in the Iraqi War and had over 300 confirmed kills. | 0 | 0 | American Sniper |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was of English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry, and his mother was of German descent."
}
] | 1HxJQyNiquJJrbwAAo8e | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Geoffrey Roy Rush (born 6 July 1951) is an Australian actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents divorced when he was five, and his mother subsequently took him to live with her parents in suburban Brisbane."
},
{
"section_h... | Geoffrey Rush's parents were not of Australian descent. | 0 | 0 | Geoffrey Rush |
Geography | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "The two most popular sports are football (soccer) and basketball."
}
] | 1I7o6LaJxwlWwUVHux0x | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "In basketball, Hapoel Jerusalem is one of the top teams in the top division."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Fans include political figures who often attend its games."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"t... | Basketball is one of the major games in Jerusalem. | 2 | 6 | Jerusalem |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Combined with crop failure, floods, and epidemic, the dynasty collapsed before the rebel leader Li Zicheng, who was defeated by the Manchu-led Eight Banner armies who founded the Qing dynasty."
}
] | 1JfOKKTN8YOM7FHrpbJD | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Rebellion, invasion, collapse",
"text": "The Qing eventually sent the seventeen Ming princes still living in Taiwan back to mainland China where they spent the rest of their lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Ur... | One of the contributing factors to the fall of the Ming dynasty was the introduction of a gold standard to back paper currency. | 0 | 0 | Ming Dynasty |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howard went to great lengths to create a technically accurate movie, employing NASA's technical assistance in astronaut and flight controller training for his cast, and obtaining permission to film scenes aboard a reduced gravity aircraft for realistic depiction of th... | 1Jwr1XVzXQK4m3SKLgF9 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Technical and historical accuracy",
"text": "The tagline \"Failure is not an option\", stated in the film by Gene Kranz, also became very popular, but was not taken from the historical transcripts."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical and historical accuracy",
"text": "They we... | The Apollo 13 film was not very technically accurate. | 0 | 0 | Apollo 13 (film) |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A long-time closer, he pitched for the Florida Marlins, San Diego Padres, and Milwaukee Brewers, including more than 15 years for the Padres."
}
] | 1K4EYN70ZFOrJ9hFZ1dj | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Other teams contacted the Padres for videos of the \"Trevor Time\" production."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Hoffman, whose mother was born in England, was the bullpen coach for the Great Britain team during the qualifying round of... | Trevor Hoffman played for three teams during his career. | 0 | 0 | Trevor Hoffman |
Popular Culture | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In February 2011, however, CBS and Warner Bros. decided to end production for the rest of the eighth season after Sheen entered drug rehabilitation and made \"disparaging comments\" about the series' creator and executive producer Chuck Lorre."
}
] | 1K4InUhXhZB3lN9VQuho | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Production | Sheen's dismissal and replacement",
"text": "Following a February 2010 announcement that Sheen was entering drug rehabilitation, filming of the show was put on hiatus, but resumed the following month."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters | Main",
"text":... | Sheen was fired because of his drug addiction. | 1 | 5 | Two and a Half Men |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story revolves around its two central characters: Othello, a Moorish general in the Venetian army, and his treacherous ensign, Iago."
}
] | 1KPJYmKjwKqVuQzJfDLs | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "Othello explains that Desdemona became enamoured of him for the sad and compelling stories he told of his life before Venice, not because of any witchcraft."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story revolves around its two central char... | Othello is a story of a Moor and his journey. | 0 | 0 | Othello |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The charge was made by the Light Brigade of the British cavalry, which consisted of the 4th and 13th Light Dragoons, 17th Lancers, and the 8th and 11th Hussars, under the command of Major General James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan."
},
{
"section_header"... | 1KPLsStzkfl9rZxVAFun | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The Charge of the Light Brigade became a subject of considerable controversy and public dispute on his return."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In his poem, \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\" (1854), Tennyson dubbed this hollow \"The Valle... | The Charge of the Light Brigade was a dispute with the French Army and the Russians in 1854. | 0 | 0 | The Charge of the Light Brigade |
Music | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "West later confirmed this in an interview in September 2018, saying that his main political concern is health care in the United States."
}
] | 1LD3MliyGsVFEkayxe0L | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "West later confirmed this in an interview in September 2018, saying that his main political concern is health care in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "In September 2015, West announced that ... | Heathcare concerns are a major concern for Kanye West and the top reason he would like to be United States President. | 3 | 5 | Kanye West |
Science | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Born in 1958 in New York City, Goldwasser obtained her B.S. (1979) in mathematics and science from Carnegie Mellon University, and M.S. (1981) and PhD (1984) in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley under the supervision of Manuel Blum, who i... | 1Mt3uKrF1eU4KLBwbGHE | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "On January 1, 2018, Goldwasser became the director of the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing at the University of California, Berkeley."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shafrira \"Shafi\" Goldwasser (Hebrew: שפרירה גולדווסר) is an I... | Computer scientist Shafrira "Shafi" Goldwasser directs the Simons Institute and got her PhD from the University of California. | 0 | 0 | Shafi Goldwasser |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Various events in Fitzgerald's youth are reflected throughout The Great Gatsby."
}
] | 1MxFOX1N74pSI5YLoJ17 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and produ... | Author, F. Scott Fitzgerald, was inspired by a friend's life story when he wrote his 1925 novel, The Great Gatsby. | 0 | 0 | The Great Gatsby |
Sports | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leon Day (October 30, 1916 – March 13, 1995) was an American professional baseball pitcher who spent the majority of his career in the Negro leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1995, Day was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame, just... | 1NLTDo4spn0RvsDbBvNJ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Baltimore renamed a west city park in 1997, refurbished with a baseball field and a sign welcoming visitors to \"Negro League Hall of Famer Leon Day Park\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1995, Day was elected into the Basebal... | Leon Day became a baseball hall of famer in less than 4 days before he passed away. | 2 | 6 | Leon Day |
History | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Society and politics",
"text": "The Khmer empire was founded upon extensive networks of agricultural rice farming communities."
}
] | 1NROYKBeKGALRXWpZeAc | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Economy and agriculture",
"text": "The ancient Khmers were a traditional agricultural community, relying heavily on rice farming."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Society and politics",
"text": "The Khmer empire was founded upon extensive ... | The Khmer Empire relied on farm communitues. | 1 | 6 | Khmer Empire |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Career | 1957–1968: Early career",
"text": "Jackson made her professional stage debut in Terence Rattigan's Separate Tables in 1957 while at RADA and appeared in repertory for the next six years."
}
] | 1NeaFEId0hVpJ1HyoUYY | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980–1992: Later acting career",
"text": "John Beaufort for The Christian Science Monitor wrote: \"Bravura is the inevitable word for Miss Jackson's display of feminine wiles and brilliant technique.\" Frank Rich in The New York Times thought Jackson, \"with her helmet of hair ... | Jackson started her career in The Young Savages (1961). | 0 | 0 | Glenda Jackson |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tutankhamun (, Ancient Egyptian: twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn), Egyptological pronunciation Tutankhamen (British ) (c. 1342 – c. 1325 BC), was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who was the last of his royal family to rule during the end of the 18th dynasty (ruled c. 1334 – 1325 BC in the co... | 1ONke9fiMFnYUkWxl87k | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He had other health issues including scoliosis and had contracted several strains of malaria."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tutankhamun (, Ancient Egyptian: twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn), Egyptological pronunciation Tutankhamen (British ) (c. 1342 – c. 1325 B... | Tutankhamun was the last of his royal family to rule during the end of the 18th dynasty during the New Kingdom of Egyptian history and is said that he had other health issues including scoliosis and had contracted several strains of malaria. | 0 | 0 | Tutankhamun |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The boulevard has curvaceous winding stretches, and can be treacherous for unalert drivers in some sections."
}
] | 1OSv06zFcq2WigWgt0lO | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Cultural aspects",
"text": "The portion of Sunset Boulevard that passes through Beverly Hills was once named Beverly Boulevard."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural aspects",
"text": "The Sunset Strip portion of Sunset Boulevard in West Hollywood has been famous for its active ... | Sunset Boulevard is curvy. | 0 | 0 | Sunset Boulevard |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Although his tuition fee was only $26 per year, Peck still struggled to pay and took a job as a \"hasher\" (kitchen helper) for the Gamma Phi Beta sorority in exchange for meals."
}
] | 1PH48qzY6heFkzXWTmNO | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eldred Gregory Peck (April 5, 1916 – June 12, 2003) was an American actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Although his tuition fee was only $26 per year, Peck still struggled to pay and took a job as a \"hasher\" (kitchen helper) for the G... | American actor Gregory Peck worked as a kitchen helper in college. | 0 | 0 | Gregory Peck |
Science | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Newtonian mechanics, linear momentum, translational momentum, or simply momentum (pl. momenta) is the product of the mass and velocity of an object."
}
] | 1PqQP261IOzPTk35CG8f | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Relation to force",
"text": "The rate of change of momentum is 3 (kg⋅m/s)/s due north which is numerically equivalent to 3 newtons."
},
{
"section_header": "Relativistic | Four-vector formulation",
"text": "− U 3 ... | There are 3 kinds of momentum. | 1 | 3 | Momentum |
Sports | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame debate",
"text": "To go in with no logo was the only decision I felt good about\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame debate",
"text": "Mussina said \"I don’t feel like I can pick one team over the other because they were both great to me."
}
] | 1QGTqWIrRjwD8VufzciP | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame debate",
"text": "Mussina was inducted into the Baltimore Orioles Hall of Fame on August 25, 2012.On January 22, 2019, he was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, receiving 76.71% of the vote."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame debate",
"... | Mussina was entered into the Baseball Hall of Fame with no team affiliation. | 1 | 4 | Mike Mussina |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "Sinatra was in ill health during the last few years of his life, and was frequently hospitalized for heart and breathing problems, high blood pressure, pneumonia and bladder cancer."
}
] | 1QiVztrUO1CwgovHQ6HN | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "Significant increases in recording sales worldwide were reported by Billboard in the month of his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "Barbara would be the grieving widow alone at her husband's side.\" The night afte... | Sinatra was healthy and doing well up to his death. | 0 | 0 | Frank Sinatra |
Science | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "Viruses are found wherever there is life and have probably existed since living cells first evolved."
}
] | 1RgLmGjTvsh9YrfR2UB6 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "This provides an invaluable source of information for paleovirologists to trace back ancient viruses that have existed up to millions of years ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Merkel cell polyomavirus closely related ... | Viruses have existed for over 500 years. | 5 | 6 | Virus |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "During his childhood, his father worked as foreman of sugar crops located in the municipality."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Because the family's resources were limited, Clemente worked alongside his father in the fields, loading and ... | 1SlMtg0Rdt5v4GXkaY6c | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Influence on players today",
"text": "Roberto Clemente's influence on Puerto Rican baseball players was very similar to that of Jackie Robinson for African American baseball players."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roberto Enrique Clemente Walker (Spanish pronunc... | Puerto Rican baseball player Roberto Enrique Clemente Walker started working with his dad as a kid. | 0 | 0 | Roberto Clemente |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its setting is a utopian farming commune based on Brook Farm, of which Hawthorne was a founding member and where he lived in 1841."
}
] | 1SnvWDM5c6CVF2DPqpYZ | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In Hawthorne (1879), Henry James called it \"the lightest, the brightest, the liveliest\" of Hawthorne's \"unhumorous fictions,\" while literary critic Richard Brodhead has described it as \"the darkest of Hawthorne's novels.\" The story takes place primarily in ... | The Blithedale Romance takes place in an utopian commune. | 0 | 0 | The Blithedale Romance |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "As a player, Cox originally signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers, but was never able to make the Dodgers' major league team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Eventually he was acquired by the Braves, but never appeared in an MLB gam... | 1SyHfAbSHpOwJ5DrLeOs | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "Unlike McGraw, Cox did not have a reputation for having a fiery temper and Cox generally only got ejected to prevent his players from being ejected."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Instead, he was traded to the New York Yankees o... | Bobby Cox failed to be good enough for the Majors of two different franchises before being traded to the Yankees. | 0 | 0 | Bobby Cox |
Popular Culture | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "History | Renewal",
"text": "20 February 1988: Although the original building had burned down in 1915, the Moulin Rouge turns 100."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The original house, which burned down in 1915, was co-founded in 1889 by Charles Zidler and Joseph O... | 1TepwFvCeW9yYgNyKjfs | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "History | Creation and early success",
"text": "Nicknamed \"The First Palace of Women\" by Oller and Zidler, the cabaret quickly became a great success."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Greatest moments",
"text": "the champagne's on you!\". 1891: La Goulue: Toulouse-Lautre... | The first Moulin Rouge was lost in flames in the early 1900's. | 1 | 1 | Moulin Rouge |
Geography | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In October 2019, the New York City Council voted to close down the facility by 2026."
}
] | 1TfjOHhViMCvpPWqF10g | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners | Solitary confinement | Kalief Browder",
"text": "Browder was profiled in The New Yorker in October 2014 for being held for three years on Rikers Island without a trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Abuse and neglect of prisoners | Treatment of mental... | Rikers Island prison is scheduled to be shut down in the mid 2020s. | 1 | 3 | Rikers Island prison |
Popular Culture | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Boyer (French: [bwaje]; 28 August 1899 – 26 August 1978) was a French-American actor who appeared in more than 80 films between 1920 and 1976."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early acting career",
"text": "Boyer performed comic sketches for so... | 1Toq4UZ5d4l46ZSCeMPZ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After receiving an education in drama, Boyer started on the stage, but he found his success in American films during the 1930s."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Universal",
"text": "Before he started the contract he finished a film at Warners, The Cons... | Charles Boyer acted in greater than eighty different films, though he started as a doctor. | 2 | 6 | Charles Boyer |
Sports | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert William Kaline ( KAY-line; December 19, 1934 – April 6, 2020), nicknamed \"Mr. Tiger\", was an American professional baseball right fielder who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers."
}
] | 1U9Dk0pZXvVFnFQa8yED | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Middle career",
"text": "Kaline had two hits, two runs scored and three RBI in the Tigers' 10-run third inning of Game 6."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "He was just the epitome of what a great outfielder is all about – great speed, catches the ball a... | Kaline was referred to as "Mr. Tiger" in MLB. | 1 | 3 | Al Kaline |
Music | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Regarded as one of the greatest lead singers in the history of rock music, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range."
}
] | 1UgDtbBpkIzCi0hHr3vX | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Regarded as one of the greatest lead singers in the history of rock music, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Continued popularity",
"text": "Regarded as one of the greatest lead sin... | Freddie Mercury was well known for his flamboyant stage persona. | 1 | 5 | Freddie Mercury |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The First Punic War broke out in Sicily in 264 BC as a result of Rome's expansionary attitude combined with Carthage's proprietary approach to the island."
}
] | 1Uo7KF9v6vpV28nuVdju | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Third Punic War, 149–146 BC | Siege of Carthage",
"text": "The Romans launched an assault on the walls; after confused fighting they broke into the city, but lost in the dark, withdrew."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The First Punic War broke out in Sicily in 26... | The Punic Wars broke out in Rome but most of the fighting was in Sicily. | 0 | 0 | Punic Wars |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Terminology",
"text": "The English word ghost continues Old English gāst, from Proto-Germanic"
},
{
"section_header": "Terminology",
"text": "*gaistaz. It is common to West Germanic, but lacking in North Germanic and East Germanic (the equivalent word in Gothic is ahma, Old ... | 1UsGEmorjtE4nfJCEK2i | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "History | Middle Ages",
"text": "The soul of a dead person would divulge its mission, while a demonic ghost would be banished at the sound of the Holy Name."
},
{
"section_header": "By religion | Judaism and Christianity",
"text": "Jewish mythology and folkloric traditions d... | A ghost is a soul or spirit of a dead person and gets in name from the French word gasten. | 0 | 0 | Ghosts |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Life as a slave | Birth family",
"text": "Douglass was of mixed race, which likely included Native American and African on his mother's side, as well as European."
}
] | 1V3xpgd8NTDoGrwE4x8H | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Works | Writings",
"text": "Life and Times of Frederick Douglass."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "In 2010, the Frederick Douglass Memorial was unveiled at Frederick Douglass Circle at the northwest corner of Central Park in New York City."
},
{
... | Frederick Douglass was biracial. | 0 | 0 | Frederick Douglass |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brazil is the only national team to have played in all World Cup editions without any absence nor need for playoffs."
}
] | 1W93EhOxkTPwHFDH4Vvu | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Brazil national football team (Portuguese: Seleção Brasileira de Futebol) represents Brazil in men's international football and is administered by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF), the governing body for football in Brazil."
},
{
"section_header"... | The Brazilian national football team has only ever missed one World Cup. | 0 | 0 | Brazil national football team |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Although she subsequently struggled to establish a stage career, Ritter decided to take a hiatus from acting to raise her two children—Monica and Joe—by her husband Joseph Moran (whom she married in 1927), who was also an actor, but changed professions in the mid-... | 1WKcz02060L7fgi745Hc | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thelma Ritter (February 14, 1902 – February 5, 1969) was an American actress, best known for her comedic roles as working-class characters and her strong New York accent."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Although she subsequently struggled to... | American actress Thelma Ritter took a break from acting to raise her kids. | 0 | 0 | Thelma Ritter |
Technology | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Community policy | Other algorithm design or implementation issues",
"text": "Five leading content creators whose channels were based on LGBTQ+ materials filed a federal lawsuit against YouTube in August 2019, alleging that YouTube's algorithms diverts discovery away from their channels... | 1WZunBUYa2mOxUegfui4 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Features | Content partnerships",
"text": "The Space gives content creators a physical location to learn about producing content as well as providing them with facilities to create content for their YouTube channels."
},
{
"section_header": "Revenue | Partnership with video crea... | Youtube has had no controversies involving content creators. | 0 | 1 | YouTube |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Vice Presidency (1945)",
"text": "Truman had been vice president for 82 days when President Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945."
}
] | 1XASK2xCSoRArkfKpaeL | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States from 1945 to 1953, succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as vice president."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice Presidency (1945)",
"text": "... | Harry S. Truman was the 33rd president of the United States from 1945 to 1953, succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as vice president for 2 weeks. | 0 | 0 | Harry S. Truman |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Activism | LGBT advocacy",
"text": "In 2018, a leaked memo from Trump's office revealed that his administration wanted to change the legal definition of sex in order to exclude transgender Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | LGBT advocacy",
"text": "Gaga was one o... | 1Xe64OOmpi0CPQcYkema | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Activism | LGBT advocacy",
"text": "It saved my life, and it will save theirs.\" As a bisexual woman, Gaga actively supports LGBT rights worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | LGBT advocacy",
"text": "She has opposed the presidency of Donald Trump and deplored his mi... | Lady Gaga has criticized leading Democrats for their legislation that would end protection for the transgendered in America. | 0 | 0 | Lady Gaga |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Life | Later life",
"text": "After years of heavy drinking (including consumption of absinthe), Satie died at age 59, on 1 July 1925 from cirrhosis of the liver."
}
] | 1YfbGrfTBBN3QE9EjeId | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Life | Montmartre",
"text": "It is believed this was the only intimate relationship Satie ever had."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Montmartre",
"text": "During their relationship, Satie composed the Danses gothiques as a means of calming his mind, and Valadon painted a port... | Satie passed due to cancer. | 0 | 0 | Erik Satie |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Later reign of the Wanli Emperor",
"text": "However, there was no one after him skilled enough to maintain the stability of these alliances; officials soon banded together in opposing political factions."
},
{
"section_header": "H... | 1YryKhVhnc8Ywew5NQNT | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Rebellion, invasion, collapse",
"text": "The Chinese military, caught between fruitless efforts to defeat the Manchu raiders from the north and huge peasant revolts in the provinces, essentially fell apart."
},
{
"section_header":... | The Ming Dynasty fell apart due to political infighting. | 0 | 0 | Ming Dynasty |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Tin Pan Alley and Broadway, 1913–1923",
"text": "He also recorded rolls of his own compositions for the Duo-Art and Welte-Mignon reproducing pianos."
}
] | 1ZZKX3yLIujkKocFftyv | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "Arthur Gershwin followed in the paths of George and Ira, also becoming a composer of songs, musicals, and short piano works."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Musical, Europe and classical music, 1924–1928",
"text": "In 1924, Gershwin com... | George Gershwin composed music for automatic playing pianos. | 0 | 0 | George Gershwin |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Much of Hawthorne's fiction, such as The Scarlet Letter, is set in 17th-century colonial America, particularly Salem Village."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Young Goodman Brown\" is a short story published in 1835 by American writer Nathani... | 1Zol98JbW5KkZ7Z4yPhU | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The story begins at dusk in Salem Village, Massachusetts as young Goodman Brown leaves Faith, his wife of three months, for some unknown errand in the forest."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Young Goodman Brown\" is a short story publish... | Like Young Goodman Brown, many of the author's published materials are set in Salem Village. | 0 | 0 | Young Goodman Brown |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Manley was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where she attended school."
}
] | 1a35dZBDrOEK3FiE4jKK | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her biological parents may have been white but she was raised by her black stepfather and her mother ."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "They played numerous benefit games to raise money for new medical equipment."
},
{
"section_heade... | Manley was raised in Ohio. | 0 | 0 | Effa Manley |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roger Philip Bresnahan (June 11, 1879 – December 4, 1944), nicknamed \"The Duke of Tralee\", was an American player and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)",
"text": "Bresnahan also develope... | 1b0MNF20YrYmZ65hntr1 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 by the Veterans Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Profile and legacy",
"text": "Bresnahan was elected to the Hall of Fame the year after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Profile and ... | Roger Bresnahan was a baseball player, manager, and a designer of batting helmet. who was elected to the Hall of Fame. | 0 | 0 | Roger Bresnahan |
Sports | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Wright died of a lung ailment on October 3, 1895 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, He is buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania."
}
] | 1b4kYteDSAyBHEtP8UBw | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Henry \"Harry\" Wright (January 10, 1835 – October 3, 1895) was an English-born American professional baseball player, manager, and developer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Harry played against the first English cricket team to tou... | Harry Wright was killed by a member of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), protesting the English "Overtaking other countries' sports". | 0 | 6 | Harry Wright |
Science | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Safety precautions | Toxicity",
"text": "Ammonia is a constituent of tobacco smoke."
}
] | 1bMDzx1GOr7cP3696oCC | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "With the advent of the steel industry in the 20th century, ammonia became a byproduct of the production of coking coal."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Formation of other compounds",
"text": "Amines can be formed by the reaction of ammonia with alkyl... | Ammonia is a byproduct of cigarettes. | 1 | 2 | Ammonia |
Literature | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Influences",
"text": "One of the greatest influences on Tolkien was the 19th-century Arts and Crafts polymath William Morris."
}
] | 1bbKoD79s6tF3YuAz2ag | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Publication | Revisions",
"text": "In December 1937 The Hobbit's publisher, Stanley Unwin, asked Tolkien for a sequel."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Background",
"text": "In any event, Dagnall was impressed by it, and showed the book ... | The Hobbit's author, J.R.R.Tolkien, was greatly influenced by Stanley Unwin. | 2 | 4 | The Hobbit |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "The beginning of the Third Republic | First World War",
"text": "The autumn of 1917 saw the disastrous Italian defeat at the Battle of Caporetto, the Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia, and rumours that former Prime Minister Joseph Caillaux and Interior Minister Louis Malvy might have... | 1bhVxOJPpmKED8SXQjng | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "The beginning of the Third Republic | First World War",
"text": "\"North trip\" (by North sea) as first (the first realization 15 October 1917 from Archangelsk).He was a vehement critic of the war-time French government, asserting that it was not doing enough to win the war."
},
{
... | The first World War in 1917 was disastrous for Italy. | 0 | 0 | Georges Clemenceau |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Allegorical characters | Ziemssen: Duty",
"text": "After long discussions with his cousin, and in spite of being warned by Dr. Behrens, he returns to the \"flatlands\", where he fulfills his military duties for some time."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Al... | 1cT6NdvjOVfvwDBoRvdL | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Allegorical characters | Ziemssen: Duty",
"text": "And in fact, there is some affinity between the two cousins, both in their love to Russian women (Clawdia Chauchat in the case of Hans Castorp, the female co-patient \"Marusja\" in the case of Joachim Ziemssen), and also ... | In the novel The Magic Mountain, the character of Ziemssen deserts the army so that he can live with his true love. | 0 | 0 | The Magic Mountain |
Popular Culture | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "During testing an electrical short starts an undetected fire on the 81st floor."
}
] | 1dF88t5iWOhmwDStGhLn | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Roberts accepts O'Hallorhan's offer of guidance on how to build a fire-safe skyscraper."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The Towering Inferno was released in theatres on December 14, 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"... | The Towering Inferno is a movie about a skyscraper that catches fire due to a bomb on the 75th floor. | 1 | 5 | The Towering Inferno |
Popular Culture | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in Berlin during the Weimar Republic in 1931, under the presence of the growing Nazi Party, the film is loosely based on the 1966 Broadway musical Cabaret by Kander and Ebb, which was adapted from Christopher Isherwood's semi-autobiographical novel"
},
{
"... | 1dKkwlvO4fnHx6K82LeN | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "In 1971, Bob Fosse learned through Harold Prince, director of the original Broadway production, that Cy Feuer was producing a film adaptation of Cabaret through ABC Pictures and Allied Artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text":... | The 1971 movie Cabaret was set in Paris in the 1940's. | 0 | 4 | Cabaret (1972 film) |
Science | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "Noble gases are commonly used in lighting because of their lack of chemical reactivity."
}
] | 1dkFrCmT0lwaGMb3If3P | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "Krypton is used in high-performance light bulbs, which have higher color temperatures and greater efficiency, because it reduces the rate of evaporation of the filament more than argon; halogen lamps, in particular, use krypton mixed with small amounts of compoun... | Noble gasses are amazingly easy to bond with other elements, which is why they're used in lamps and such, converting energy to fluorescence at high efficiency. | 0 | 0 | Noble gas |
Sports | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "However, Cardinals business manager Branch Rickey noticed Hafey's hitting abilities and decided that Hafey should become an outfielder."
}
] | 1dtMAxBXaAx31W09mcrL | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "In the field, Hafey was known for having a \"rifle arm.\" He had a power peak, averaging 27 home runs and 114 RBI from 1928 to 1930."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "He moved to the Houston Buffaloes of ... | Hafey moved to infield because of his fielding. | 3 | 5 | Chick Hafey |
Literature | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been described as arguably the most popular literary work in East Asia."
}
] | 1ebSV51KWt1TegmCHqcR | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been described as arguably the most popular literary work in East Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable English-language translations",
"text": "\"The literary scholar Andrew H. Plaks points out that Waley's abridgement reflected his interpretation... | The novel Journey to the West has not been popular in East Asia despite its good literary work. | 5 | 8 | Journey to the West |
Sports | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Career | Post-Expos career",
"text": "After a kidney biopsy on July 23, Raines was diagnosed with lupus and spent the rest of the year undergoing treatment and recovery."
}
] | 1f1yLQTAzsfZL6jaDYce | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Career | Recovery and return",
"text": "Raines underwent surgery on May 31 due to a left shoulder strain, and spent time rehabilitating with the Expos Triple-A club, the Ottawa Lynx."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Two of his brothers, Levi and Ned III, played... | Raines was left out of baseball after two surgeries. | 2 | 6 | Tim Raines |
Geography | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "The main chamber houses the false sarcophagi of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan; the actual graves are at a lower level."
}
] | 1f6iznhto3iAX8DD0rzn | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Outlying buildings",
"text": "The main gateway (darwaza) is a monumental structure built primarily of marble, and reminiscent of the Mughal architecture of earlier emperors."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "The shap... | The resting place of the emperor and his wife are not in the main portion of the building. | 2 | 6 | Taj Mahal |
Sports | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robin R. Yount (; nicknamed,\"The Kid\", and \"Rockin' Robin\", born September 16, 1955) is an American former professional baseball player."
}
] | 1fJ9LB5UafljLEjASR4W | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Playing career | 1982 season",
"text": "Yount finished with a four-hit game, as the Brewers won 10-2."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Yount was born in Danville, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "Yount court... | Yount was referred to by 2 nicknames. | 2 | 4 | Robin Yount |
Sports | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Addie Joss was born on April 12, 1880, in Woodland, Dodge County, Wisconsin."
}
] | 1fQEy4MiBfAn6wBlZiKU | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Death and benefit game",
"text": "\"I'll do anything they want for Addie Joss' family\", Johnson said."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and benefit game",
"text": "\"The memory of Addie Joss is sacred to everyone with whom he ever came in contact."
},
{
"section_header... | Addie Joss is from Nebraska. | 2 | 6 | Addie Joss |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He dropped out of high school to enter the printer's trade, learning to operate a linotype machine."
}
] | 1g6KoQLX4To3p0Gk2gF9 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When career advancement proved difficult in that trade, he began to play professional baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Before Schalk, most catchers were large and slow of foot."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball caree... | Ray Schalk worked in a steel mill before he started playing professional baseball. | 0 | 0 | Ray Schalk |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been described as the first modern detective story; Poe referred to it as one of his \"tales of ratiocination\".C. Auguste Dupin is a man in Paris who solves the mystery of the brutal murder of two women."
}
] | 1gflP1OrBRfJan4uenZB | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe published in Graham's Magazine in 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been described as the first modern detective story; Poe referred to it as one of his \"tales of... | The Murders in the Rue Morgue is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, and has been described as the first modern detective story. | 0 | 0 | The Murders in the Rue Morgue |
Sports | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "His survivors included his wife Edyth and a daughter."
}
] | 1glt9Pz7LLaVgj0hh3UA | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "That season, Vance had one out of every 13 strikeouts in the entire National League."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Vance was involved in one of the most famous flubs in baseball history, the \"three men on third\" inci... | Vance only had one child. | 0 | 4 | Dazzy Vance |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Along with Isaac Albéniz, Francisco Tárrega, and Enrique Granados, he was one of Spain's most important musicians of the first half of the 20th century."
}
] | 1hFOFHTV5lDx2LwqjmWt | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Argentina",
"text": "Manuel de Falla never married and had no children."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Recordings by Falla",
"text": "Manuel de Falla 1876–1946 Manuel de Falla 1876–1946 Grabaciones históricas; Centro de Documentación Musical de Andalucía. (Alm... | Manuel de Falla never sired any offsprings and is considered Portugal's best composer. | 0 | 0 | Manuel de Falla |
Popular Culture | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dick Tracy is an American comic strip featuring Dick Tracy (originally Plainclothes Tracy), a tough and intelligent police detective created by Chester Gould."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Radio",
"text": "Dick Tracy had a long run on radio, fr... | 1hj7CiLcwKJG0zHperim | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "In other media | Radio",
"text": "The early shows all had 15-minute episodes."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Radio",
"text": "Dick Tracy had a long run on radio, from 1934 weekdays on NBC's New England stations to the ABC network in 1948."
},
{
"section_he... | Dick Tracy is an American comic strip and has been made into a radio show. | 2 | 3 | Dick Tracy |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Samson Agonistes (from Greek Σαμσών ἀγωνιστής, \"Samson the champion\") is a tragic closet drama by John Milton."
}
] | 1hvFGK6PzOypVyJKJrqZ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "On 14 December 2008 BBC Radio 3 broadcast a production of the play as part of its commemoration of the 400th anniversary of Milton's birth, adapted for radio and directed by John Tydeman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Samson Agonistes (fr... | Samson Agonistes is a tragic closet romance by John Milton, and on 14 December 2008 BBC Radio 3 broadcast a production of the play, | 0 | 0 | Samson Agonistes |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Turner also acted in the films Tommy (1975), Mad Max"
}
] | 1i49iXAacnFV7VXGj5uJ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960",
"text": "Turner said he'd call her but never did."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Early success: 1960–1965",
"text": "Another single by Ike and Tina, \"You Can't Miss Nothing That You Never Had\", reached No. 29 on the Bi... | Tina Turner has never been in any movies with post-apocalyptic settings. | 0 | 0 | Tina Turner |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Death and posthumous execution",
"text": "He was buried with great ceremony, with an elaborate funeral at Westminster Abbey based on that of James I, his daughter Elizabeth also being buried there."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died from natural causes in 16... | 1i56DdNOOCVErRRfh8lO | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Death and posthumous execution",
"text": "The most likely cause was septicaemia (blood poisoning) following his urinary infection."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and posthumous execution",
"text": "He was buried with great ceremony, with an elaborate funeral at Westminster A... | Cromwell most likely died from complications due to a urinary infection and he had an elaborate funeral. | 0 | 2 | Oliver Cromwell |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Ellington died on May 24, 1974, of complications from lung cancer and pneumonia, a few weeks after his 75th birthday."
}
] | 1i9VJaeNozVNx5vfgKJ0 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ellington was noted for his inventive use of the orchestra, or big band, and for his eloquence and charisma."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The later 1930s",
"text": "In the summer of that year, his father died, and due to many expenses, Ellington's fin... | Duke Ellington expired due to the big C in his cardiovascular system. | 0 | 0 | Duke Ellington |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was shot between India, Taiwan and Montreal, Quebec in 2011, with Rhythm & Hues Studios (R&H) handling the visual effects work."
}
] | 1jFJBf4XoxLfT0j6ZOGB | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The ocean scenes of the film were shot at a giant wave tank built by the crew in an abandoned airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Marketing",
"text": "This was later followed by the release of The Making of Life of Pi: A Film, a J... | The Life of Pi was shot in the USA. | 0 | 0 | Life of Pi (film) |
Science | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In chemistry and physics, activation energy is the energy that must be provided to compounds to result in a chemical reaction."
}
] | 1jFhxJiA4QqrBttNp0Ut | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Catalysts",
"text": "Reactions otherwise without catalysts need a higher input of energy to achieve the transition state."
},
{
"section_header": "Negative activation energy",
"text": "Elementary reactions exhibiting these negative activation energies are typically barrierle... | This is the amount of energy needed to "activate" a reaction. | 0 | 0 | Activation energy |
Literature | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story marks the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, who would become the most famous detective duo in popular fiction."
}
] | 1jOnbGuNU0k4TyyKtY9k | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "As the first Sherlock Holmes story published, A Study in Scarlet was among the first to be adapted to the screen."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "A Study in Scarlet is one of the stories missing from the adaptations ... | A Study in Scarlet was the initial Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson story. | 2 | 5 | A Study in Scarlet |
Literature | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "It was Melville's first book, and made him one of the best-known American authors overnight."
}
] | 1jg8RCSZdt4NMOKgeRyr | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life the Writings of Herman Melville Vol."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life is the first book by American writer Herman Melville, published first in London, then New York, in 1846.... | Typee did not make its author Herman Melville famous. | 2 | 6 | Typee |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip II of Macedon (Greek: Φίλιππος Β΄ ὁ Μακεδών; 382–336 BC) was the king (basileus) of the kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC."
}
] | 1jlK6fSfI3uK2Sk6S3GM | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Asian campaign (336 BC)",
"text": "This gave him a good knowledge of Persian issues, and may even have influenced some of his innovations in the management of the Macedonian state."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Fictional portrayals",
"text": "Fredric March po... | Philip II of Macedon died from a health issues. | 0 | 0 | Philip II of Macedon |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He frequently denounced international capitalism and communism as part of a Jewish conspiracy."
}
] | 1jvDf2g1MkSGRIG5lSVP | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adolf Hitler (German: [ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ] (listen); 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician and leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He frequently denounced... | Leader of the Nazi Party Adolf Hitler and dictator from 1933 to 1945 was against capitalism and communism. | 0 | 0 | Adolf Hitler |
Technology | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyft, Inc. is an American ridesharing company based in San Francisco, California and operating in 644 cities in the United States and 12 cities in Canada."
}
] | 1kkiZNhEKQdpLMpzoT4D | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In January 2017, Lyft announced it would add 100 U.S. cities, bringing its total to 300 U.S. cities served."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "By using Facebook profile information, student drivers and passengers could learn about each other."
}... | Lyft is in 666 major cities in the U.S. and Mexico combined. | 2 | 3 | Lyft |
Sports | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Galvin died poor at age 45 on March 7, 1902, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and, as a Roman Catholic, is buried in Calvary Catholic Cemetery."
}
] | 1kpNe90IE5ZydNnKptdQ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "On June 14, 1892, Galvin was traded to the St. Louis Browns."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Galvin grew up in Kerry Patch, an Irish neighborhood in St. Louis."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He d... | Galvin's grave is in St. Louis, Missouri. | 2 | 4 | Pud Galvin |
Sports | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brazil is the most successful national team in the FIFA World Cup, being crowned winner five times: 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994 and 2002."
}
] | 1ky0WF9zElZmP1LL2W9B | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "History | World Cup drought (2002–present)",
"text": "Brazil also won the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup for the second time."
},
{
"section_header": "Competitive record | FIFA World Cup",
"text": "With five titles, they have won the tournament on more occasions than any other... | Brazil national football team has won the FIFA world cup 6 times. | 1 | 4 | Brazil national football team |
Subsets and Splits
Texts Containing Winter
Filters dataset entries containing the word "winter" which provides basic keyword search capability but offers limited analytical value beyond simple text matching.