category stringclasses 9
values | correct_votes int64 0 12 | gold_evidence list | id stringlengths 20 20 | label stringclasses 2
values | retrieved_evidence list | text stringlengths 16 429 | total_likes int64 0 7 | total_votes int64 0 13 | wikipedia_page stringlengths 3 49 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
History | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Minorities under Nicholas I | Life of Jews under Nicholas I",
"text": "Under Nicholas I there were attempts to reform the education of the Jews in attempt of Russification."
}
] | 1l5t0QhAl0lnDx8KSZbU | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Emperor and principles | Local policies",
"text": "However, he did make some efforts to improve the lot of the Crown Serfs (serfs owned by the government) with the help of his minister Pavel Kiselyov."
},
{
"section_header": "Minorities under Nicholas I | Life of Jews under Nich... | Nicholas I of Russia did not make any attempts to help his Jewish subjects gain better schooling. | 2 | 4 | Nicholas I of Russia |
Sports | 7 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents were Italian immigrants Pietro and Paolina (née Longoni) Berra."
}
] | 1lrSRiTF3HMoV7cA9QYd | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In a 2005 interview for the Baseball Hall of Fame, Berra said, \"My father came over first."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Berra's obituary by the Associated Press initially said that Yogi Bear had died."
},
{
"section_he... | Yogi Berra's father and father were Italian descant. | 2 | 8 | Yogi Berra |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Other activities",
"text": "The Spaldings raised race horses and collected Chinese fine furniture and art."
}
] | 1mJFoOqMac5ihby0nroD | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Tour",
"text": "In 1888–1889, Spalding took a group of major league players around the world to promote baseball and Spalding sporting goods."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With William Hulbert, Spalding organized the National League."
},
{... | Al Spalding was a figure in the horseracing circuit. | 0 | 0 | Al Spalding |
Sports | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Waner was born on March 16, 1906 in Harrah, Oklahoma, and grew up on a farm with his older brother, Paul."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lloyd James Waner (March 16, 1906 – July 22, 1982), nicknamed \"Little Poison\", was a Major League Bas... | 1myda0vOO1Fp5eB5kNmt | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Lloyd Jr. said that the brothers would have been better known and would have enjoyed their later lives more were it not for alcohol."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lloyd James Waner (March 16, 1906 – July 22, 1982), nicknamed \"Little Poiso... | Lloyd Waner lived in Oklahoma as a kid and had the nickname "little evil." | 2 | 5 | Lloyd Waner |
Popular Culture | 7 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Fox spoke freely about her time in school, stating that in middle school she was bullied and had to eat lunch in the bathroom to avoid being \"pelted with ketchup packets.\" She said that the problem was not her looks, but that she had \"always gotten along better ... | 1nFHpYNXwfpvKO1geK19 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Fox spoke freely about her time in school, stating that in middle school she was bullied and had to eat lunch in the bathroom to avoid being \"pelted with ketchup packets.\" She said that the problem was not her looks, but that she had \"always gotten along better ... | Megan Fox was very popular in high school and everybody loved her. | 3 | 8 | Megan Fox |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Construction began in 447 BC when the Athenian Empire was at the peak of its power."
}
] | 1nSKUVHvFAXKCpiW403A | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; Greek: Παρθενώνας, Parthenónas, [parθeˈnonas]) is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Because the Parthenon w... | The Parthenon is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron started in 447 BC. | 0 | 0 | Parthenon |
Science | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Career | Systers",
"text": "In 1992, when Mattel Inc. began selling a Barbie doll that said math class is tough, the voices of protest that started with the Systers list played a role in getting Mattel to remove that phrase from Barbie's microchip."
},
{
"section_header": "Caree... | 1nVtZ4W1DnA147QUJ5vj | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Career | Systers",
"text": "In 1987, Borg founded Systers, the first email network for women in technology."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "As a consultant engineer in the Network Systems Laboratory under Brian Reid, she developed MECCA, an email and Web-based sys... | Anita Borg has an email network that's predicated entirely on protesting a talking child's toy. | 2 | 4 | Anita Borg |
Geography | 9 | [
{
"section_header": "Conception | Records",
"text": "World's highest restaurant (At.mosphere): 122nd floor at 442 m (1,450 ft) (previously 360, at a height of 350 m (1,148 ft) in CN Tower) World's highest New Year display of fireworks."
}
] | 1nXfJ6vlfQO93iTM29PB | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Conception | Records",
"text": "World's highest restaurant (At.mosphere): 122nd floor at 442 m (1,450 ft) (previously 360, at a height of 350 m (1,148 ft) in CN Tower) World's highest New Year display of fireworks."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design",
"text": "... | The world's highest restaurant is located at the 122nd floor of the building (442 metres or 1680 feet). | 5 | 11 | Burj Khalifa |
Geography | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It houses the Palace Museum, and was the former Chinese imperial palace and state residence of the Emperor of China from the Ming dynasty (since the Yongle Emperor) to the end of the Qing dynasty, between 1420 and 1924."
}
] | 1neJ6IhYalwcCRaiFX8M | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Forbidden City (Chinese: 故宫; pinyin: Gùgōng) is a palace complex in central Beijing, China."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1933, the Japanese invasion of China forced the evacuation of the national treasures in the Forbidden City."
},... | The Forbidden City is a complex in China and the house of the Prime Minster. | 1 | 4 | Forbidden City |
Science | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Death",
"text": "On 17 April 1955, Einstein experienced internal bleeding caused by the rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which had previously been reinforced surgically by Rudolph Nissen in 1948."
}
] | 1nqtkth9VAFgfwwTf0vD | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Marriages and children",
"text": "In May 1904, their son Hans Albert Einstein was born in Bern, Switzerland."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "A more complete list of his publications may be found at List of scientific publications by Albert ... | Albert Einstein died in 1956. | 2 | 3 | Albert Einstein |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis."
}
] | 1nxQZHf1kZw105qd41KE | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "World War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the globe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "World War II (WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945."
},
{
"secti... | World War II only had 2 countries involved. | 0 | 0 | World War II |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Potential canonization",
"text": "Rossi did receive positive comments from the executive director of the Clemente Museum in Pittsburgh, while Carmen Nanko-Fernandez, from the Chicago Theological Union, was not confident that Clemente would be canonized, pointing out that Hispanic Cathol... | 1o6Ce4JMr1lC57K92T6c | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Influence on players today",
"text": "On what he admired most about Clemente as a player: \"The passion, the way he played, the way he went about his business every single day."
},
{
"section_header": "Other honors and awards | Honors",
"text": "The stamp was designed by Jua... | Clemente was an All-Star passionate baseball player who raised awareness about his background and birthplace and is loved and revered internationally. | 0 | 0 | Roberto Clemente |
Literature | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The novel reaches its climax during Dixon's public lecture on \"Merrie England\"."
}
] | 1oHXqvKnGWIEdgEvdqzb | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He has made an unsure start and, towards the end of the academic year, is concerned about losing his probationary position in the department."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In his attempt to be awarded a permanent post he tries to maintain a good re... | The turning point within the novel Lucky Jim comes after Dixon's department head becomes inebriated at the yearly end of year celebration. | 2 | 5 | Lucky Jim |
NOCAT | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He later attempted to liberate Italy from foreign occupation, believing that it threatened the Church's freedom."
}
] | 1oN3ucQn85h7M8mxF2pL | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "So Lorenzo the Magnificent helped him carve out a career as a soldier."
},
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | Continental and Medici politics",
"text": "This policy in itself was sound and patriotic, but Clement VII's zeal soon cooled; by his ... | Clement VII didn't want to help Italy. | 0 | 4 | Pope Clement VII |
Science | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The halogens () are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At)."
}
] | 1oo3W1rvUMIzqdQ4idt0 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Chemical | Compounds | Interhalogen compounds",
"text": "Many interhalogens consist of one or more atoms of fluorine bonding to a heavier halogen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The halogens () are a group in the periodic table consisting of fi... | Halogen consists of only one element. | 0 | 0 | Halogen |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On his father's side, he is of Italian and Spanish descent, the great-grandson of immigrants from the northcentral Adriatic Marche region of Italy and Catalonia, and on his mother's side, he has primarily Italian ancestry."
}
] | 1pC1Zk6IqrEB7Qfkr260 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "International career | 2019: Copa América",
"text": "On 21 May 2019, Messi was included in Lionel Scaloni's final 23-man Argentina squad for the 2019 Copa América."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On his father's side, he is of Italian and Spanish descent, the ... | Lionel Messi has roots from Italy. | 0 | 0 | Lionel Messi |
Sports | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Major league career (1988–2009) | Seattle Mariners (1989–1998) | 1989–1992",
"text": "Ryan suggested that he land on the ball of his foot, and almost immediately, he began finding the strike zone more consistently."
}
] | 1pKUm6hrdxl1pNXalmrp | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "Johnson also threw a split-finger fastball that behaved like a change-up, and a sinker to induce ground-ball outs."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "The effectiveness of the pitch is marked by its velocity being in the low 90s along... | Randy Johnson's pitching improved after he took the advice from a a baseball legend and changed the part of his body he put his weight on after firing a ball off the mound. | 2 | 3 | Randy Johnson |
Literature | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A single-episode television adaptation of the novel was first aired on 1 January 1997."
}
] | 1pbAhToSqOz1QTqtYVky | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "film Delhi Belly, one of the protagonists makes a sarcastic reference to \"Mill on the floss\" when he finds his friends in completely different appearances and surreal whimsical situations."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A single-epis... | There has been numerous adaptations of the novel, The Mill on the Floss" . | 1 | 5 | The Mill on the Floss |
Popular Culture | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aquaman is a 2018 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name."
}
] | 1r21xQyN80SnelbL6qEV | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "On March 7, 2018, Rupert Gregson-Williams was announced as the composer for Aquaman."
},
{
"section_header": "Future | Spin-off",
"text": "The movie will focus on the amphibious monsters that Arthur and Mera faced in the previous film."
},
{... | Aquaman the movie is based on a William Arthur book. | 6 | 7 | Aquaman (film) |
Sports | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Oakland Athletics",
"text": "On July 25, 2007, in the top of the ninth inning in a game between the Angels and Athletics at Angel Stadium, a fan threw a water bottle that hit Piazza, who had homered earlier in the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league... | 1rd9LRC2nMGPBS9bw6oG | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Mets",
"text": "Earlier in the season during interleague play, Yankees pitcher Roger Clemens hit Piazza in the head with a fastball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Oakland Athletics",
"text": "On July 25, 2007, in the top of the... | Mike Piazza sued the person that hit him in the head with a waterbottle during a game. | 0 | 4 | Mike Piazza |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Sharon married Jerry Twain, an Ojibwa from the nearby Mattagami First Nation, and they had son Mark together."
}
] | 1sTR1XngFglO1fWcam8Z | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Career | 1993–1994: Shania Twain",
"text": "During this time, she changed her name to Shania, which was said to be an Ojibwa word which means \"on my way.\" However, Twain's biographer, Robin Eggar, writes: \"There is a continuing confusion about what 'Shania' means and if indeed it is ... | Shania Twain's mother's husband is Ojibwe. | 0 | 0 | Shania Twain |
Popular Culture | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Years later, when Sabra becomes the first female congresswoman from the state of Oklahoma, she lauds the virtues of her then Indian daughter-in-law."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cimarron is a 1931 Pre-Code Western film directed by Wesley Ruggle... | 1tYdZSBF9HpIDLWohova | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "At the time, Sabra is vehemently anti-Native American, despite her son's involvement with an Indian woman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cimarron is a 1931 Pre-Code Western film directed by Wesley Ruggles, starring Richard Dix and Irene Dunne, a... | Cimarron was a western movie and had a woman elected to Congress. | 2 | 4 | Cimarron (1931 film) |
Music | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Strauss was born into a Catholic family in St Ulrich near Vienna (now a part of Neubau), Austria, on 25 October 1825, to the composer Johann Strauss I."
}
] | 1tgEqqYoamoBc9YFQ292 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He composed over 500 waltzes, polkas, quadrilles, and other types of dance music, as well as several operettas and a ballet."
},
{
"section_header": "Career advancements",
"text": "Strauss Jr. eventually attained greater fame than his father and became one... | Johann Strauss, composed over 500 waltzes and grew up in Munich, Germany. | 1 | 5 | Johann Strauss, the Younger |
Popular Culture | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "Other scenes were filmed at Queen's Park, the former Gooderham and Worts Distillery, Casa Loma, the Elgin Theatre, Union Station, the Canada Life Building, the Danforth Music Hall, and at the Old City Hall."
}
] | 1thgX9YTZZyXlpzz0UiT | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "Chicago was filmed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chicago is a 2002 American musical black comedy crime film based on the 1975 stage musical of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Rel... | Despite the name of the film, Chicago was filmed in Toronto. | 3 | 6 | Chicago (2002 film) |
Literature | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a depiction of the afterlife in which three deceased characters are punished by being locked into a room together for eternity."
}
] | 1tiY3sg045m87DNGGf7Y | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Opera",
"text": "A one-act chamber opera based on the play was created by composer Andy Vores."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a depiction of the afterlife in which three deceased characters are punished by being locked into a room together fo... | No Exit is based on three people being stuck in a confined space forever. | 3 | 5 | No Exit |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor league baseball",
"text": "He also recorded 25 assists. Able to make a career in baseball, Carey decided to drop out of Concordia."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later career",
"text": "The organization stated that they fired Carey... | 1tiiVVBzhOMIC0uDtpk7 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor league baseball",
"text": "He used the name \"Max Carey\" in order to retain his amateur status at Concordia College."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later career",
"text": "The organization stated that they fired Carey due to his i... | American baseball player Max Carey finished college and got along well with others. | 0 | 0 | Max Carey |
Popular Culture | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dick Tracy is an American comic strip featuring Dick Tracy (originally Plainclothes Tracy), a tough and intelligent police detective created by Chester Gould."
}
] | 1tn8vweZjec2YcOlShOx | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Comic strip | Evolution of the strip",
"text": "A new character was introduced named Sam Catchem to take Patton's place as Tracy's sidekick."
},
{
"section_header": "Comic strip | Later years",
"text": "The revived Gould villains were often provided with full names, and marr... | Dick Tracy' real original name was Richard Tracy. | 2 | 7 | Dick Tracy |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Future | Possible sequel",
"text": "He said to Ellen DeGeneres that Tim Allen had \"warned him about the emotional final goodbye between their characters Woody and Buzz Lightyear in Toy Story 4.\" However, Nielsen did not rule out a possibility of a fifth film, stating, \"Every film we ... | 1tnyJuNPWLfgXh32jngv | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Rumors arose that Toy Story 4 was in production and slated for release for 2015, but Disney denied these rumors in February 2013.Disney officially announced Toy Story 4 during an investor's call on November 6, 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Pr... | Toy Story's producer did not deny the chance of a Toy Story 5 movie. | 0 | 0 | Toy Story 4 |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Production | Scientific accuracy",
"text": "We also have a chemist with the Drug Enforcement Administration based out of Dallas who has just been hugely helpful to us.\" Nelson spoke of Gilligan's interest in having the science right, saying that Gilligan \"said it made a difference to ... | 1u2dojQEoZkSOdWMhffj | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Breaking Bad is an American neo-Western crime drama television series created and produced by Vince Gilligan."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Critical reception",
"text": "The American Film Institute listed Breaking Bad as one of the top t... | The screenwriters for the television series Breaking Bad had a DEA employee as an advisor. | 0 | 0 | Breaking Bad |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Towering Inferno is a 1974 American disaster film produced by Irwin Allen featuring an ensemble cast led by Paul Newman and Steve McQueen."
}
] | 1uQKgjA8ji5TVU0oWvhF | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The Towering Inferno was released in theatres on December 14, 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "It is not the recording on the soundtrack album but a newer arrangement recorded for The Towering Inferno."
},
{
"section_hea... | The Towering Inferno is a horror mystery film. | 0 | 0 | The Towering Inferno |
Literature | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Style and major themes",
"text": "Anna Karenina is commonly thought to explore the themes of hypocrisy, jealousy, faith, fidelity, family, marriage, society, progress, carnal desire and passion, and the agrarian connection to land in contrast to the lifestyles of the city."
}
] | 1ujuxsFtnvQwaxmYJN2n | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Style and major themes",
"text": "The novel begins with one of its most often-quoted lines: \"Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.\" Tolstoy's style in Anna Karenina is considered by many critics to be transitional, forming a bridge between the r... | One of the themes of Leo Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina is lust. | 1 | 7 | Anna Karenina |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Blanche hands over all the documents pertaining to Belle Reve."
}
] | 1vDpRdobnBufb848LObg | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Streetcar Named Desire is a play written by Tennessee Williams that opened on Broadway on December 3, 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "\"A Streetcar Named Success\"",
"text": "\"A Streetcar Named Success\" is an essay by Tennessee Williams about art and th... | A Streetcar Named Desire is a play written by Tennessee Williams about the character's Blanche and Belle Reve in Louisiana. | 0 | 0 | A Streetcar Named Desire |
Geography | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Canal | Tolls",
"text": "The average toll is around US$54,000."
}
] | 1w63dlRVjBpHPB9Q6Dxh | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Third set of locks project (expansion)",
"text": "The estimated cost of the project is US$5.25 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early proposals in Panama",
"text": "In 1850 the United States began construction of the Panama Railroad (now called the Panama Railway)... | The mean cost to cross the Panama Canal is over $60k. | 2 | 3 | Panama Canal |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Raymond Emmitt Dandridge (August 31, 1913 – February 12, 1994), nicknamed \"Hooks\" and \"Squat\", was an American third baseman in baseball's Negro leagues."
}
] | 1x4DL9R5db8t0xv2oMP7 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By the time that Major League Baseball was racially integrated, Dandridge was considered too old to play."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Dandridge was one of the greatest fielders in the history of baseball, and one of the sport's greatest hitt... | Dandridge was referred to as "Buddha" in baseball. | 0 | 0 | Ray Dandridge |
Music | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Career | 1985–89: Musical beginnings",
"text": "In 1987, Brooks and wife Sandy Mahl moved to Nashville, and Brooks began making contacts in the music industry."
}
] | 1xQ42iAScSEAj4Gectlq | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Troyal Garth Brooks was born on February 7, 1962, in Tulsa, Oklahoma."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2014–2015: Man Against Machine, GhostTunes, and world tour",
"text": "Brooks' digital catalogue moved to Amazon Music, who maintain exc... | Garth Brooks left Oklahoma and moved to Tennessee. | 3 | 3 | Garth Brooks |
Literature | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the time it was written it represented a shift by Scott away from fairly realistic novels set in Scotland in the comparatively recent past, to a somewhat fanciful depiction of medieval England."
}
] | 1xdm1NbLjfRXrLeLjMi9 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ivanhoe: A Romance () is a historical novel by Walter Scott, first published in late 1819 in three volumes, one of the Waverley novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Chapter summary | Volume One",
"text": "[Ivanhoe in disguise]. [Ivanhoe in disguise]. Ch. 3 : C... | Ivanhoe: A Romance was published in 3 volumes that closely followed the medieval times as accurately as possible. | 1 | 3 | Ivanhoe |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Despite their frequent spats and difficulty getting along, Emma and Aurora have a tie between them that cannot be broken, and keep in touch by telephone."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Widowed Aurora Greenway (Shirley MacLaine) keeps several suitors... | 1xidtqkXcKB5lJCoTSPo | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "Terms of Endearment was commercially successful."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The dying Emma shows her love for her mother by entrusting her own children to Aurora's care."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The... | In Terms of Endearment, the mother and daughter have a distant but loving relationship. | 0 | 0 | Terms of Endearment |
Technology | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—created the service in February 2005."
}
] | 1yP9FfinOaIQroRQdLsU | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "YouTube is an American online video-sharing platform headquartered in San Bruno, California."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New revenue streams (2013–ongoing)",
"text": "The complex has 51,468 square metres (554,000 square feet) of space and can house ... | YouTube is an American online video-sharing platform that was made up by 3 past Google employees. | 0 | 0 | YouTube |
History | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "About 85 percent of the country's population lives in urban areas, with 40 percent living in Greater Santiago."
}
] | 1yUGPD7A9mQXQPzGvKCv | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Rodeo is the country's national sport and is practiced in the more rural areas of the nation."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "About 85 percent of the country's population lives in urban areas, with 40 percent living in Greater San... | Most of Chile's residents live in rural areas. | 1 | 2 | Chile |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Beliefs",
"text": "The devout Catholic Antonín Dvořák wrote in a letter: \"Such a man, such a fine soul – and he believes in nothing!"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna."
... | 1yluieA1IYknBDgDd0yW | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Music | Influence",
"text": "Busoni's early music shows much Brahmsian influence, and Brahms took an interest in him, though Busoni later tended to disparage Brahms."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Works",
"text": "In another instance of devotion to detail, he laboured over... | Johannes Brahms was a devoted Catholic which influenced much of his work. | 0 | 0 | Johannes Brahms |
History | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Later years | Death and burial: 1940",
"text": "In January 1940, Garvey suffered a stroke which left him largely paralysed."
}
] | 20bEwFXoEEBdR1zoAjOW | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Later years | Death and burial: 1940",
"text": "Garvey then suffered a second stroke and died at the age of 52 on 10 June 1940."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Death and burial: 1940",
"text": "In January 1940, Garvey suffered a stroke which left him largely paralysed... | Garvey died from complications of stroke in 1940 | 1 | 4 | Marcus Garvey |
History | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He favored unconventional tactics, frequently winning cities over by treachery or negotiation rather than by siege."
}
] | 20rpLC14Z6MQz9yxEcMj | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Recall to Athens | Negotiations with the Athenian oligarchs",
"text": "According to Thucydides, only one of the Athenian Generals at Samos, Phrynichus, opposed the plan and argued that Alcibiades cared no more for the proposed oligarchy than for the traditional democracy."
},
{
... | Alcibiades proved himself a proponent of lateral thinking and guerrilla tactics as opposed to traditional strategies. | 2 | 4 | Alcibiades |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Alleghenys, Pittsburgh Burghers, Pittsburgh Pirates, New York Giants, Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals from 1888 to 1907."
}
] | 2107vKhUOiR7kVBlvc7Z | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Beckley began playing semi-professional baseball while still a teenager."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "After playing one and a half seasons for the Alleghenys, Beckley and eight of his teammates jumped to the Pittsburgh Burgher... | Jake Beckley didn't not play a sport that wasn't something besides Baseball in a completely professional capacity for more than four different teams in the Major Leagues. | 0 | 0 | Jake Beckley |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The battle was fought in the straits between the mainland and Salamis, an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens, and marked the high point of the second Persian invasion of Greece."
}
] | 21Do4fmEuO8G2g2q1dG3 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "A significant number of historians have stated that Salamis is one of the most significant battles in human history (though the same is often stated of Marathon)."
},
{
"section_header": "The battle | The main battle",
"text": "The Athenian general Ar... | The Battle of Salamis took place on a small mountain. | 0 | 0 | Battle of Salamis |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is based on Margaret Landon's novel, Anna and the King of Siam (1944), which is in turn derived from the memoirs of Anna Leonowens, governess to the children of King Mongkut of Siam in the early 1860s."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Original product... | 225OeYalTIFmxPkfgysE | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act 1",
"text": "Tuptim has been writing a play based on a book that Anna has lent her, Uncle Tom's Cabin, that can be presented to the guests."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Original productions",
"text": "Margaret Landon, author of the book on which the musi... | The play is based on a book that neither of them wrote or had a hand in making. | 0 | 0 | The King and I |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Career | 1989–1996: Mainstream film acclaim",
"text": "Next, Freeman starred in the comedy-drama Driving Miss Daisy, alongside Jessica Tandy and Dan Aykroyd."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Environmental and political activism",
"text": "In an interview on CNN's Pi... | 22BSKPfYt9OjbozVPLAb | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970–1988: The Electric Company and breakthrough",
"text": "The Gospel at Colonus, and as Hoke Colburn in the play Driving Miss Daisy, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Environmental and political activism",
"text": "In an interview on CNN's Pi... | Morgan Freeman starred in a gospel film about driving and sipping tea, which he felt was racist. | 0 | 0 | Morgan Freeman |
Music | 7 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band primarily consists of four animated members: Stuart \"2-D\" Pot, Murdoc Niccals, Noodle, and Russel Hobbs."
}
] | 22UJr87c539T4o7v5Sqa | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gorillaz are a British virtual band created in 1998 by musician Damon Albarn and artist Jamie Hewlett."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band primarily consists of four animated members: Stuart \"2-D\" Pot, Murdoc Niccals, Noodle, and Russel... | Gorillaz, a British virtual band created in 1998 by musician Damon Albarn and artist Jamie Hewlett, consists of four animated band members. | 2 | 7 | Gorillaz |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Legacy",
"text": "Reds manager Sparky Anderson also had a healthy respect for the damage McCovey could do, saying \"I walked Willie McCovey so many times, he could have walked to the moon on all those walks.\" McCovey's bat was so lethal in his prime he was intenti... | 22n4hwL1U4xkKh9qGHvG | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McCovey hit 521 home runs, 231 of them in Candlestick Park, the most in that park by any player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A home run he hit on September 16, 1966, was described as the longest ever hit in that stadium."
},
{
"sect... | McCovey was so good at hitting home runs, pitchers walked him on purpose. | 0 | 0 | Willie McCovey |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Children and parenthood | Burr's daughter Theodosia",
"text": "They had a son together, Aaron Burr Alston, who died of fever at age ten."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death | Death",
"text": "In 1836, Burr died on Staten Island in the village of Port Richmond, in a... | 22rHbsTQjr1CA2UbLE82 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Duel with Alexander Hamilton",
"text": "Before the duel proper, Hamilton took a good deal of time getting used to the feel and weight of the pistol (which had been used in the duel at the same Weehawken site in which his 19-year-old son had been killed), as well as putting on his glasse... | Aaron Burr had a son that passed away at 10 years old and was killed by Alexander Hamilton. | 2 | 2 | Aaron Burr |
Science | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Life | New life in Paris",
"text": "She focused so hard on her studies that she sometimes forgot to eat."
}
] | 237GJ8NaWVp795YmR7nk | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "Maria declined because she could not afford the university tuition; it would take her a year and a half longer to gather the necessary funds."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "She provided the radium from her own one-gram su... | Maria Curie wouldn't remember to take her meals because of her steady focus on school work. | 4 | 5 | Maria Skłodowska-Curie |
History | 7 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Modern: Darəyaveš, Tiberian: Dārǝyāweš; c. 550–486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was the third Persian King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 522 BCE until his death in 486 BCE."
}
] | 238z9SaXak1BQlQNvMMX | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Primary sources",
"text": "In the foundation tablets of Apadana Palace, Darius described in Old Persian cuneiform the extent of his Empire in broad geographical terms: Darius the great king, king of kings, king of countries, son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenid."
},
{
"section_header... | Darius I was the British King in 1223. | 1 | 7 | Darius I |
Literature | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "Peter Pan first appeared as a character in Barrie's The Little White Bird (1902), an adult novel."
}
] | 23c6vDhe1V4oNXcoAE8l | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Peter Pan is a fictional character created by Scottish novelist and playwright J. M. Barrie."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationships | Friends | Maimie Mannering",
"text": "To remember Maimie, Peter rides the imaginary goat that Maimie created for him."
}... | Peter Pan is a fictional character that was created at the beginning of the 20th century. | 2 | 3 | Peter Pan |
Geography | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Condition",
"text": "Parts have been destroyed to make way for construction or mining."
}
] | 240449aYtrD9hZ5TgIKy | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Condition",
"text": "In 2014 a portion of the wall near the border of Liaoning and Hebei province was repaired with concrete."
},
{
"section_header": "Condition",
"text": "While portions north of Beijing and near tourist centers have been preserved and even extensively renov... | Numerous portions of the wall have been demolished to facilitate other developmental projects. | 3 | 5 | Great Wall of China |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (UK: puu-CHEE-nee, US: poo-, Italian: [ˈdʒaːkomo putˈtʃiːni]; 22 December 1858 – 29 November 1924) was an Italian opera composer who has been called \"the greatest composer of Italian opera after Verdi\"."
}
... | 24VIXx1I8tUEkaI9lDZf | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Style and critical reception",
"text": "Gustav Kobbé, the original author of The Complete Opera Book, a standard reference work on opera, wrote in the 1919 edition: \"Puccini is considered the most important figure in operatic Italy today, the successor of Verdi, if there is any.\" Othe... | Giacomo Puccini is considered the best opera composer after Verdi. | 0 | 0 | Giacomo Puccini |
Science | 9 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The gastropods (snails and slugs) are by far the most numerous molluscs and account for 80% of the total classified species."
}
] | 24np7XjNTWvcykofCwb5 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Snails and slugs can also be serious agricultural pests, and accidental or deliberate introduction of some snail species into new environments has seriously damaged some ecosystems."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The gastropods (snails and slu... | Snails and slugs are the most plentiful species of this group. | 5 | 9 | Mollusca |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a film adaptation of the 1988 book of the same name by Michael Blake that tells the story of Union Army lieutenant John J. Dunbar (Costner) who travels to the American frontier to find a military post and of his dealings with a group of Lakota."
},
{
"se... | 25F64b2LNw2eORlXEof0 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Fame",
"text": "The Indian roles in the film are played by real Amerindians (mostly Sioux) who speak or have relearned the Sioux language: Lakota, thanks in particular to Doris Leader Charge, the only true representative of the Sioux people and originally from South Dakota."
},
{
... | Dances with Wolves is a film about a soldier interaction with the Lakota people. | 0 | 0 | Dances with Wolves |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also served as Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of State."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the war, he worked to produce legislation that would restore the nation's credit abroad and produce a stable, gold-backed currency at home... | 2624rVsVGrBDQqpw21k7 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sherman sought the Republican presidential nomination three times, coming closest in 1888, but was never chosen by the party."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Sherman (May 10, 1823 – October 22, 1900) was a politician from the U.S. state of... | Republican politician John Sherman was almost nominated for president three times but instead served as Secretary of the Treasury after the Civil War. | 0 | 0 | John Sherman |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "... This is tragedy of a special sort – the \"tragedy\" the basis of which is the impossibility of conventional tragedy."
}
] | 26HW0xD99cgsVtKd3XqC | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Troilus and Cressida () is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1602."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The Famous Historie of Troylus and Cresseid, but the First Folio classed it with the tragedies, under the ... | Troilus and Cressida is a tragedy. | 0 | 0 | Troilus and Cressida |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Charge of the Light Brigade was a failed military action involving the British light cavalry led by Lord Cardigan against Russian forces during the Battle of Balaclava on 25 October 1854 in the Crimean War."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": ... | 26Pg4npDwWXzfhgLuAEy | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "The Charge | New information found in 2016",
"text": "It said that Lord Raglan had sent an order for the Light Brigade to \"follow the enemy and try to prevent the enemy from carrying away the guns\", referring to some British artillery which were at risk."
},
{
"section_header"... | The Charge of the Light Brigade was a great victory for British cavalry, who completely destroyed the Russian artillery unit they were sent after. | 0 | 0 | The Charge of the Light Brigade |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49 (1965) is the shortest novel published by American author Thomas Pynchon."
}
] | 273uCtGWqWOkHo9ACFHz | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49. J. B. Lippincott."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49. Harper and Row, 1986, reissued 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions in the book",
"text": "J. Kerry Grant wrot... | The Crying of Lot 49 is the least long book from its writer. | 0 | 1 | The Crying of Lot 49 |
Sports | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football."
}
] | 27tadX2x0eLl7jAmAKUK | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Manchester United Women",
"text": "In 2018, Manchester United formed a new women's football team, which entered the second division of women's football in England for their debut season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manchester United Football Club is a profess... | Manchester United Football Club was established in England. | 0 | 1 | Manchester United F.C. |
Popular Culture | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sound of Music was the last musical written by Rodgers and Hammerstein; Oscar Hammerstein died of stomach cancer nine months after the Broadway premiere."
}
] | 29AV03vZwNcEdgeU0uI2 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sound of Music is a musical with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, and a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sound of Music was the last musical written by Rodgers and Hammer... | The Sound of Music was the final musical that Oscar Hammerstein wrote the lyrics for. | 0 | 1 | The Sound of Music |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay, as well as Best Actor for Clooney,"
}
] | 29CPk0Pjw90jSu6WmGoS | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "The film has grossed $49 million at the North American domestic box office, and a total of $92.9 million worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Released on October 5, 2007, the film grossed $93 million worldwide."
},
{
... | Michael Clayton has grossed $49 million at the North American domestic box office, and a total of $92.9 million worldwide, and was nominated for seven Academy Awards. | 0 | 0 | Michael Clayton |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The fugitive slave laws were laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of enslaved people who escaped from one state into another state or territory."
}
] | 29DoOWcqS5LmFc7HYscg | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "1850 Fugitive Slave Act",
"text": "These state laws were one of the grievances that South Carolina would later use to justify its secession from the Union."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The fugitive slave laws were laws passed by the United States Congress in 1... | Fugitive slave laws were never passed in the US. | 0 | 0 | Fugitive slave laws |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first version of an ERA was written by Alice Paul and Crystal Eastman and introduced in Congress in December 1923.In the early history of the Equal Rights Amendment, middle-class women were largely supportive, while those speaking for the working class were often ... | 29GEilwjnSOIyNsi1aKj | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "State equal rights amendments",
"text": "Some equal rights amendments and original constitutional equal rights provisions are: Alaska: No person is to be denied the enjoyment of any civil or political right because of race, color, creed, sex or national origin."
},
{
"section_he... | The Equal Rights Amendment was originally introduced in 1923 and the last attempt to move it into practice was in 2019. | 0 | 0 | Equal Rights Amendment |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first published in the United Kingdom by the Collins Crime Club on 1 January 1934."
}
] | 29MmJxs13ZdmFI9zpMZC | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The US title of Murder in the Calais Coach was used to avoid confusion with the 1932 Graham Greene novel Stamboul Train, which had been published in the United States as Orient Express."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Agatha Ch... | Murder on the Orient Express was published first in the US. | 0 | 0 | Murder on the Orient Express |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and the New York Post newspaper."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text... | 29oxW0NJeBbeIw8oLIy1 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Legacy | On economics",
"text": "Hamilton has been portrayed as the \"patron saint\" of the American School of economic philosophy that, according to one historian, dominated economic policy after 1861."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of the Treasury | Revenue Cutter Service"... | Aside from writing the first U.S economic policies, Alexander Hamilton has also been credited for establishing the U.S Coast Guard. | 0 | 0 | Alexander Hamilton |
Popular Culture | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His first major onscreen appearance was in Greetings (1968)."
}
] | 2ADRz9dfwdG50NarFrrR | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Career | 1963–1973: Early roles and breakthrough",
"text": "Shortly afterwards, De Niro landed a major role in Greetings (1968), a satirical film about men avoiding the Vietnam War draft."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His first major onscreen appearance was in ... | Robert De Niro's first breakout role was in Greetings, a film about avoiding the draft. | 0 | 1 | Robert De Niro |
Popular Culture | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Filming took place in Burbank, California; Devils Tower National Monument in Wyoming; two abandoned World War II airship hangars at the former Brookley Air Force Base in Mobile, Alabama; and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad depot in Bay Minette, Alab... | 2ARzbqQ8eSdDMR7PfvXf | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind was selected as the #5 Best Sci-Fi Film."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "\"If we can talk to aliens in Close Encounters of the Third Kind\", he said, \"why not with the Reds in the Cold War?\" Sleeping... | The filming of the movie, Close Encounters of the Third Kind were done in four different locations. | 2 | 4 | Close Encounters of the Third Kind |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "One of the robots is seen driving a car with \"RUR\" as the license plate number."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "R.U.R. is a 1920 science fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek."
}
] | 2AdtKxlSUHW0uWEeq4fB | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Production history | Critical reception",
"text": "John Clute has lauded R.U.R. as \"a play of exorbitant wit and almost demonic energy\" and lists the play as one of the \"classic titles\" of inter-war science fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "R.U.R. is a... | R.U.R. is a classic title for the 1920 science fiction play and later a sci-fi series with a vehicle driven on the road by a robot. | 0 | 0 | R.U.R. |
Popular Culture | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Editorial history",
"text": "There are two versions of the diary written by Anne Frank."
}
] | 2AjrfsxI5U13RwnLdH6P | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Format",
"text": "The diary is not written in the classic forms of \"Dear Diary\" or as letters to oneself; Anne calls her diary \"Kitty\", so almost all of the letters are written to Kitty."
},
{
"section_header": "Editorial history",
"text": "There are two versions of the ... | Anne Frank's diary actually had a couple of renditions written by her. | 2 | 6 | The Diary of Anne Frank |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Play of the novel The House of Mirth (1906), by Edith Wharton and Clyde Fitch."
}
] | 2ApewzmA0qF0O3CHwL3k | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The House of Mirth is a 1905 novel by American author Edith Wharton."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Play of the novel The House of Mirth (1906), by Edith Wharton and Clyde Fitch."
},
{
"section_header": "Background, theme, and ... | The House of Mirth novel by author Edith Wharton was re-enacted into a play in 1908. | 0 | 1 | The House of Mirth |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cruise has been married to actresses Mimi Rogers, Nicole Kidman, and Katie Holmes."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology",
"text": "He became involved with Scientology in 1990 through his first wife, Mimi Rogers."
}
] | 2B8QonG9kpalcMyoAQ0q | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology | Scientology's purported influence on Cruise",
"text": "In the film, Cruise's former auditor Marty Rathbun claims that wife Nicole Kidman was wiretapped on Tom Cruise's suggestion (which Cruise's lawyer denies)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life... | Tom Cruise's ex-wife, Nicole Kidman, introduced him to Scientology, but now regrets having done so. | 0 | 0 | Tom Cruise |
Geography | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Göbekli Tepe (Turkish: [ɟœbecˈli teˈpe], \"Potbelly Hill\") is an archaeological site in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey approximately 12 km (7 mi) northeast of the city of Şanlıurfa."
}
] | 2BcuZoI41AIuQaXFzkVd | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "Most of these constructions seem to be smaller than Göbekli Tepe, and their placement evenly between contemporary settlements indicates that they were local social-ritual gathering places, with Göbekli Tepe perhaps as a regional centre."
},
{
"section_heade... | Göbekli Tepe is in the Northwest region of Syria. | 2 | 7 | Göbekli Tepe |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In October 2019, the New York City Council voted to close down the facility by 2026."
}
] | 2BlnFWCY9YVutgo5gwKd | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rikers Island () is a 413.17-acre (167.20-hectare) island in the East River between Queens and the Bronx that is home to New York City's main jail complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In October 2019, the New York City Council voted to clos... | Rikers Island () is a 413.17-acre (167.20-hectare) island in the East River between Queens and the Bronx that is home to New York City's main jail complex, but in October 2019, the New York City Council announced to close down the facility by 2026. | 0 | 0 | Rikers Island prison |
Sports | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Toronto Blue Jays (1993)",
"text": "He performed disappointingly for the Jays, hitting only .215 in 44 games, which was probably due to the fact that he fractured a bone on his hand early on with the team, after being hit by a pitch, although he still contributed 22 stol... | 2C8QZRO04nuDKb7rxsC9 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" A's pitching coach Dave Duncan said of Henderson, \"You have to be careful because he can knock one out."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor leagues",
"text": "Henderson spent the following season with the Modesto A's."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy ... | Rickey Henderson had a disappointing season with the Oakland A's after he was injured by a wayward pitch. | 1 | 3 | Rickey Henderson |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Religious life in an abbey may be monastic."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An abbey is a type of monastery used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess."
}
] | 2CUZFRNMtFeLodjPmslX | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Monastic origins of the abbey | Laurae and caenobia",
"text": "The monks lived in separate huts (\"kalbbia\") which formed a religious hamlet on the mountainside."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The concept of the abbey has developed over many centuries from the ... | Religious persons live in an abbey. | 0 | 0 | Abbey |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Religious beliefs | \"Why I Am An Agnostic\"",
"text": "\"Why I Am An Agnostic\", on agnosticism, skepticism, belief, and religion."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious beliefs | \"Why I Am An Agnostic\"",
"text": "As part of a public symposium on belief held in Columbus, Ohio... | 2CXkjXKjcPORktjdgp9d | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Legal career | From labor lawyer to criminal lawyer",
"text": "This effectively put Darrow out of business as a labor lawyer, and he switched to civil and criminal cases."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career | From labor lawyer to criminal lawyer",
"text": "He took the latt... | Clarence Darrow, a criminal lawyer, did not align with any religion. | 0 | 0 | Clarence Darrow |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its last stronghold was conquered by the Spanish in 1572."
}
] | 2D0Wo3ExuryhUWENu7l0 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Government | Organization of the empire",
"text": "These suyu were likely created around 1460 during the reign of Pachacuti before the empire reached its largest territorial extent."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its last stronghold was conquered by the Spanish ... | The Inca Empire, the largest empire in the New World, was ended by the Spanish in 1572. | 0 | 0 | Inca Empire |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Citizen Kane is particularly praised for Gregg Toland's cinematography, Robert Wise's editing, Bernard Herrmann's music, and its narrative structure, all of which have been considered innovative and precedent-setting."
}
] | 2D3GWVGlHhLWMoIG3mcX | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Citizen Kane was selected by the Library of Congress as an inductee of the 1989 inaugural group of 25 films for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header... | Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama film particularly praised for Gregg Toland's cinematography, Bernard Herrmann's editing, Robert Wise's music, and was even selected by the Library of Congress as an inductee of the 1989 inaugural group of 25 films for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". | 0 | 0 | Citizen Kane |
Science | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Etymologically, angiosperm means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosure; in other words, a fruiting plant."
}
] | 2DrwaFdsjA0BArbq0KLD | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Description | Reproductive anatomy",
"text": "While the majority of flowers are perfect or hermaphrodite (having both pollen and ovule producing parts in the same flower structure), flowering plants have developed numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms to reduce or prevent ... | Flowering plants have cones. | 0 | 0 | Flowering plant |
Music | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Aubrey Drake Graham was born on October 24, 1986 in Toronto, Ontario."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aubrey Drake Graham (born October 24, 1986) is a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, and entrepreneur."
}
] | 2E5pLaMoKIKDGivBhgPI | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Musical relatives",
"text": "Drake's paternal uncles are bass guitarist Larry Graham and musician Teenie Hodges."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Drake's mother, Sandra \"Sandi\" Graham (née Sher), is an Ashkenazi Jewish Canadian who worked as a... | Drake's real name is Audrey Graham. | 2 | 6 | Drake (musician) |
Music | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "His childhood friends noticed that his casual, offhand manner and dapper dress gave him the bearing of a young nobleman, so they began calling him \"Duke\"."
}
] | 2EKwEwtr8YrrPuyEwyBY | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Ellington credited his friend Edgar McEntree for the nickname."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | Grammy Awards",
"text": "Ellington earned 14 Grammy awards from 1959 to 2000, three of which were posthumous and a total of 24 nomi... | Duke Ellington earned his nickname because the neighborhood children though he seemed royal. | 0 | 1 | Duke Ellington |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Condition",
"text": "In 2014 a portion of the wall near the border of Liaoning and Hebei province was repaired with concrete."
}
] | 2ERLV730HyFlu3l8hQrc | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Characteristics",
"text": "During the Ming, however, bricks were heavily used in many areas of the wall, as were materials such as tiles, lime, and stone."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "It originally referred to the rampart which surrounded traditional Chinese cit... | The wall has recently been repaired by workers that the government mandated use all traditional methods of stonework during the process. | 3 | 4 | Great Wall of China |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Government and administration | Military",
"text": "The Parthian Empire had no standing army, yet were able to quickly recruit troops in the event of local crises."
}
] | 2ERwKFodlR2oOOYI1PpV | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "History | Origins and establishment",
"text": "Bivar insists that 138 BC, the last regnal year of Mithridates I, is \"the first precisely established regnal date of Parthian history."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and administration | Currency",
"text": "They most likel... | The Parthian Empire had a well established militia. | 0 | 0 | Parthian Empire |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William George Evans (February 10, 1884 – January 23, 1956), nicknamed \"The Boy Umpire\", was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the American League from 1906 to 1927."
}
] | 2ElkWmvx96OGDNmXhyHs | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Formative years",
"text": "In Youngstown, the Evans family joined Westminster Presbyterian Church, where Billy Evans attended Sunday school."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league umpiring career",
"text": "From 1918 to 1928, he served as sports editor of Newspaper Enterprise... | Billy was referred to as "The Boy Umpire" in MLB. | 0 | 0 | Billy Evans |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Shropshire Lad is a collection of sixty-three poems by the English poet Alfred Edward Housman, published in 1896."
}
] | 2EmVHllapsU02rIIVwMF | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "Its popularity increased thereafter, especially during World War I, when the book accompanied many young men into the trenches."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "Housman is said originally to have titled his book The P... | A Shropshire Lad is a book of three stories about a young boy's life in Shropshire. | 0 | 0 | A Shropshire Lad |
History | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; \"Suleiman the Lawgiver\") in his realm, was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566."
}
] | 2FJWQfP8JGkjlt6EQwys | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Campaigns in the Indian Ocean",
"text": "After the first Ajuran-Portuguese war, the Ottoman Empire would in 1559 absorb the weakened Adal Sultanate into its domain."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Wives and concubines",
"text": "Hurrem Sultan (a... | Suleiman the First was the ninth and shortest-reigning Sultan of the Mesopotamia Empire. | 1 | 3 | Suleiman the Magnificent |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Death in Venice is a novella written by the German author Thomas Mann and was first published in 1912 as Der Tod in Venedig."
}
] | 2Fcid3V67jQN6bKIx5kn | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "It was first published in book form in English in 1925 as Death in Venice and Other Stories, translated by Kenneth Burke."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Death in Venice is a novella written by the German author Thomas Mann and was first ... | Death in Venice was 1st published with the title Tadeusz in Venice. | 0 | 0 | Death in Venice |
Literature | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mystery of Edwin Drood is the final novel by Charles Dickens, originally published in 1870."
}
] | 2FhA83Bgn88YLJwhkAvj | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "So much was told to me before any of the book was written; and it will be recollected that the ring, taken by Drood to be given to his betrothed only if their engagement went on, was brought away with him from their last interview."
},
{
"section_header": "Con... | The Mystery of Edwin Drood is the second last book written by the author. | 1 | 6 | The Mystery of Edwin Drood |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Roman army led by Publius Cornelius Scipio, with crucial support from Numidian leader Masinissa, defeated the Carthaginian army led by Hannibal."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Soon after Scipio's victory at Zama the war ended, with the Car... | 2FnXZF9VSE8apmT1uVA0 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Zama was fought in 202 BC near Zama, now in Tunisia, and marked the end of the Second Punic War."
},
{
"section_header": "The battle",
"text": "The resulting clash was fierce and bloody, with neither side achieving superiority."
},
{
... | The Battle of Zama was won by Scipio resulting in the beginning of the Punic War. | 0 | 0 | Battle of Zama |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Many scenes were filmed on, or near, the campus of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Widowed Aurora Greenway (Shirley MacLaine) keeps several suitors at arm's length in Houston, focusing instead on her close, b... | 2FxnOHWT3sWFIfVj0FfH | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "Terms of Endearment was commercially successful."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Terms of Endearment is a 1983 American comedy-drama film adapted from Larry McMurtry's 1975 novel, directed, written, and produced by James L. Brooks,... | Terms of Endearment is a 1983 American comedy-drama film about the main character and her divorce terms while living at a university. | 0 | 0 | Terms of Endearment |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars ("
}
] | 2G87qSa6kTklBQzgg4QA | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Background | Cádiz",
"text": "With no sign of Villeneuve's fleet, on 25 August, the three French army corps' invasion force near Boulogne broke camp and marched into Germany, where it was later engaged."
},
{
"section_header": "Consequences",
"text": "between 10% and 20% of ... | The Battle of Trafalgar was fought between several Army land forces. | 3 | 3 | Battle of Trafalgar |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cardinal Jules Mazarin (, also UK: , US: , French: [ʒyl mazaʁɛ̃]; 14 July 1602 – 9 March 1661), born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino (Italian: [ˈdʒuːljo raiˈmondo madːzaˈriːno]) or Mazarini, was an Italian cardinal, diplomat and politician who served as the chief minister ... | 2GjXqEAJyjbC7H6SKc0T | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1654 he acquired the title Duke of Mayenne, and in 1659, 1st Duke of Rethel and Nevers."
},
{
"section_header": "The Mazarinettes",
"text": "She married Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, grandson of King Henry IV, and was the mother of the great genera... | Cardinal Mazarin was Duke of Mayenne and chief minster to Henry the Vlll. | 2 | 4 | Cardinal Mazarin |
Sports | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Herbert Klein (October 7, 1904 – March 28, 1958), nicknamed the \"Hoosier Hammer\", was an American professional baseball outfielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Klein played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phil... | 2HQCkZZirpte5X2XnjtZ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the first player to be selected to the All-Star Game as a member of two different teams (Phillies and Cubs)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Herbert Klein (October 7, 1904 – March 28, 1958), nicknamed the \"Hoosier Hammer\", was... | Chuck Klein was a member of the Chicago Cubs professional baseball team for 7 years. | 1 | 5 | Chuck Klein |
Sports | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Greenberg married Caral Gimbel (daughter of Bernard Gimbel of the Gimbel's New York department store family) on February 18, 1946, three days after signing a $60,000 ($787,000 today) contract with the Tigers."
}
] | 2HqnYIvFXBDnn4qoerEI | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The family owned a successful cloth-shrinking plant in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His family moved to the Bronx when he was about seven."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Management an... | The family of Hank Greenberg's wife owned a business that sold clothing. | 1 | 5 | Hank Greenberg |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She seeks answers through a machine claimed to have psychic abilities, but the experience is awkward and unsuccessful."
}
] | 2Hwd5ZPUb9tbOjCAXiYz | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49 (1965) is the shortest novel published by American author Thomas Pynchon."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49. J. B. Lippincott."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text"... | Oedipa looks for solutions from a physic machine in the novel The Crying of Lot 49 (1965) | 0 | 0 | The Crying of Lot 49 |
Sports | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tristram Edgar Speaker (April 4, 1888 – December 8, 1958), nicknamed \"The Gray Eagle\", was an American professional baseball player."
}
] | 2I0JKkndpMnYiZMrR9Nx | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "After the second game was called on account of darkness and ended in a tie, the series went to eight games."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" Miller's comment about Anson has no basis, other than speculating that he co... | Tris Speaker was also called "The Black Eagle". | 0 | 1 | Tris Speaker |
NOCAT | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Leo I (c. 400 – 10 November 461), also known as Saint Leo the Great, was Bishop of Rome from 29 September 440 and died in 461."
}
] | 2I3yNYNUugIhtS5OWN4s | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "On the fundamental dignity of Christians",
"text": "Let the saint exult in that he draws near to victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "The Catholic Church marks 10 November as the feast day of Saint Leo, given in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum and the 8t... | Pope Leo I has been canonized as a saint. | 0 | 0 | Pope Leo I |
Literature | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" Xerxes finally arrives, dressed in torn robes (\"grief swarms,\" the Queen says just before his arrival, \"but worst of all it stings / to hear how my son, my prince, / wears tatters, rags\" (845–849)) and reeling from his crushing defeat."
}
] | 2J00RfDfZUrvvmiIDHdh | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Discussion",
"text": "The sympathetic school has the considerable weight of Aristotelian criticism behind it; indeed, every other extant Greek tragedy arguably invites an audience's sympathy for one or more characters on stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" ... | In the tragic play The Persians, one of the characters likens grieving to drowning. | 3 | 6 | The Persians |
Subsets and Splits
Texts Containing Winter
Filters dataset entries containing the word "winter" which provides basic keyword search capability but offers limited analytical value beyond simple text matching.