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Traditionally, members of a community such as a town or neighborhood share a common location and a sense of necessary interdependence that includes, for example, mutual respect and emotional support. But as modern societies grow more technological and sometimes more alienating, people tend to spend less time in the kin... | 200112_2-RC_1_6 | [
"Participants in computer conferences are generally more accepting of diversity than is the population at large.",
"Computer technology is rapidly becoming more affordable and accessible to people from a variety of backgrounds.",
"Participants in computer conferences often apply the same degree of respect and s... | 1 | Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken one of the author's arguments in the last paragraph? |
In Intellectual Culture in Elizabethan and Jacobean England, J. W. Binns asserts that the drama of Shakespeare, the verse of Marlowe, and the prose of Sidney—all of whom wrote in English—do not alone represent the high culture of Renaissance (roughly sixteenth- and seventeenth-century) England. Latin, the language of a... | 200112_2-RC_2_7 | [
"Analyses of the scientific, theological, and legal writings of the Renaissance have proved to be more important to an understanding of the period than have studies of humanistic and literary works.",
"The English works of such Renaissance writers as Shakespeare, Marlowe, and Sidney have been overemphasized at th... | 4 | Which one of the following best states the main idea of the passage? |
In Intellectual Culture in Elizabethan and Jacobean England, J. W. Binns asserts that the drama of Shakespeare, the verse of Marlowe, and the prose of Sidney—all of whom wrote in English—do not alone represent the high culture of Renaissance (roughly sixteenth- and seventeenth-century) England. Latin, the language of a... | 200112_2-RC_2_8 | [
"These scholars tend to lack training both in language and in intellectual history, and thus base their interpretations of Renaissance culture on works translated into English.",
"These scholars tend to lack the combination of training in both language and intellectual history that is necessary for a proper study... | 1 | The passage contains support for which one of the following statements concerning those scholars who analyze works written in Latin during the Renaissance? |
In Intellectual Culture in Elizabethan and Jacobean England, J. W. Binns asserts that the drama of Shakespeare, the verse of Marlowe, and the prose of Sidney—all of whom wrote in English—do not alone represent the high culture of Renaissance (roughly sixteenth- and seventeenth-century) England. Latin, the language of a... | 200112_2-RC_2_9 | [
"Continental writers wrote in Latin more frequently than did English writers,and thus rendered some of the most important Continental works inaccessible to English readers.",
"Continental writers, more intellectually advanced than their English counterparts, were on the whole responsible for familiarizing English... | 3 | Which one of the following statements concerning the relationship between English and Continental writers of the Renaissance era can be inferred from the passage? |
In Intellectual Culture in Elizabethan and Jacobean England, J. W. Binns asserts that the drama of Shakespeare, the verse of Marlowe, and the prose of Sidney—all of whom wrote in English—do not alone represent the high culture of Renaissance (roughly sixteenth- and seventeenth-century) England. Latin, the language of a... | 200112_2-RC_2_10 | [
"nonfiction works are less well known than their imaginative works",
"works have unfairly been credited with revolutionizing Western thought",
"works have been treated as an autonomous and coherent whole",
"works have traditionally been seen as representing the high culture of Renaissance England",
"Latin w... | 3 | The author of the passage most likely cites Shakespeare, Marlowe, and Sidney in the first paragraph as examples of writers whose |
In Intellectual Culture in Elizabethan and Jacobean England, J. W. Binns asserts that the drama of Shakespeare, the verse of Marlowe, and the prose of Sidney—all of whom wrote in English—do not alone represent the high culture of Renaissance (roughly sixteenth- and seventeenth-century) England. Latin, the language of a... | 200112_2-RC_2_11 | [
"These writings have unfortunately been undervalued by Latin-language specialists because of their nonliterary subject matter.",
"These writings, according to Latin-language specialists, had very little influence on the intellectual upheavals associated with the Renaissance.",
"These writings, as analyzed by in... | 2 | Binns would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements concerning the English language writings of Renaissance England traditionally studied by intellectual historians? |
In Intellectual Culture in Elizabethan and Jacobean England, J. W. Binns asserts that the drama of Shakespeare, the verse of Marlowe, and the prose of Sidney—all of whom wrote in English—do not alone represent the high culture of Renaissance (roughly sixteenth- and seventeenth-century) England. Latin, the language of a... | 200112_2-RC_2_12 | [
"These works are easier for modern scholars to analyze than are theological works of the same era.",
"These works have seldom been translated into English and thus remain inscrutable to modern scholars, despite the availability of illuminating commentaries.",
"These works are difficult for modern scholars to an... | 2 | The information in the passage suggests which one of the following concerning late-Renaissance scientific works written in Latin? |
In Intellectual Culture in Elizabethan and Jacobean England, J. W. Binns asserts that the drama of Shakespeare, the verse of Marlowe, and the prose of Sidney—all of whom wrote in English—do not alone represent the high culture of Renaissance (roughly sixteenth- and seventeenth-century) England. Latin, the language of a... | 200112_2-RC_2_13 | [
"illustrate the range of difficulty in Renaissance Latin writing, from relatively straightforward to very difficult",
"illustrate the differing scholarly attitudes toward Renaissance writers who wrote in Latin and those who wrote in English",
"illustrate the fact that the concerns of English writers of the Rena... | 4 | The author of the passage mentions the poet Milton and the scientist Newton primarily in order to |
In Intellectual Culture in Elizabethan and Jacobean England, J. W. Binns asserts that the drama of Shakespeare, the verse of Marlowe, and the prose of Sidney—all of whom wrote in English—do not alone represent the high culture of Renaissance (roughly sixteenth- and seventeenth-century) England. Latin, the language of a... | 200112_2-RC_2_14 | [
"an enumeration of new approaches",
"contrasting views of disparate theories",
"a summary of intellectual disputes",
"a discussion of a significant deficiency",
"a correction of an author's misconceptions"
] | 3 | The author of the passage is primarily concerned with presenting which one of the following? |
Discussions of how hormones influence behavior have generally been limited to the effects of gonadal hormones on reproductive behavior and have emphasized the parsimonious arrangement whereby the same hormones involved in the biology of reproduction also influence sexual behavior. It has now become clear, however, that... | 200112_2-RC_3_15 | [
"Both the solute concentration and the volume of an animal's blood plasma must be kept within relatively narrow ranges.",
"Behavioral responses to changes in an animal's blood plasma can compensate for physiological malfunction, allowing the body to avoid dehydration.",
"The effect of hormones on animal behavio... | 3 | Which one of the following best states the main idea of the passage? |
Discussions of how hormones influence behavior have generally been limited to the effects of gonadal hormones on reproductive behavior and have emphasized the parsimonious arrangement whereby the same hormones involved in the biology of reproduction also influence sexual behavior. It has now become clear, however, that... | 200112_2-RC_3_16 | [
"review briefly the history of research into the relationships between gonadal and peptide hormones that has led to the present discussion",
"decry the fact that previous research has concentrated on the relatively minor issue of the relationships between hormones and behavior",
"establish the emphasis of earli... | 2 | The author of the passage cites the relationship between gonadal hormones and reproductive behavior in order to |
Discussions of how hormones influence behavior have generally been limited to the effects of gonadal hormones on reproductive behavior and have emphasized the parsimonious arrangement whereby the same hormones involved in the biology of reproduction also influence sexual behavior. It has now become clear, however, that... | 200112_2-RC_3_17 | [
"The amount secreted depends on the level of steroid hormones in the blood.",
"The amount secreted is important for maintaining homeostasis in cases of both increased and decreased osmolality.",
"It works in conjunction with steroid hormones in increasing plasma volume.",
"It works in conjunction with steroid... | 1 | It can be inferred from the passage that which one of the following is true of vasopressin? |
Discussions of how hormones influence behavior have generally been limited to the effects of gonadal hormones on reproductive behavior and have emphasized the parsimonious arrangement whereby the same hormones involved in the biology of reproduction also influence sexual behavior. It has now become clear, however, that... | 200112_2-RC_3_18 | [
"present new information",
"question standard assumptions",
"reinterpret earlier findings",
"advocate a novel theory",
"outline a new approach"
] | 0 | The primary function of the passage as a whole is to |
Discussions of how hormones influence behavior have generally been limited to the effects of gonadal hormones on reproductive behavior and have emphasized the parsimonious arrangement whereby the same hormones involved in the biology of reproduction also influence sexual behavior. It has now become clear, however, that... | 200112_2-RC_3_19 | [
"Hunger is diminished.",
"Thirst is initiated.",
"Vasopressin is secreted.",
"Water is excreted.",
"Sodium is consumed."
] | 0 | According to the passage, all of the following typically occur in the homeostasis of blood-plasma osmolality EXCEPT: |
Discussions of how hormones influence behavior have generally been limited to the effects of gonadal hormones on reproductive behavior and have emphasized the parsimonious arrangement whereby the same hormones involved in the biology of reproduction also influence sexual behavior. It has now become clear, however, that... | 200112_2-RC_3_20 | [
"It increases thirst and stimulates sodium appetite.",
"It helps prevent further dilution of body fluids.",
"It increases the conservation of water in the kidneys.",
"It causes minor changes in plasma volume.",
"It helps stimulate the secretion of steroid hormones."
] | 1 | According to the passage, the withholding of vasopressin fulfills which one of the following functions in the restoration of plasma osmolality to normal levels? |
With the elimination of the apartheid system, South Africa now confronts the transition to a rights-based legal system in a constitutional democracy. Among lawyers and judges, exhilaration over the legal tools soon to be available is tempered by uncertainty about how to use them. The changes in the legal system are sig... | 200112_2-RC_4_21 | [
"Following the elimination of the apartheid system in South Africa, lawyers, judges, and citizens will need to abandon their posture of opposition to law and design a new and fairer legal system.",
"If the new legal system in South Africa is to succeed, lawyers, judges, and citizens must learn to challenge parlia... | 3 | Which one of the following most completely and accurately states the main point of the passage? |
With the elimination of the apartheid system, South Africa now confronts the transition to a rights-based legal system in a constitutional democracy. Among lawyers and judges, exhilaration over the legal tools soon to be available is tempered by uncertainty about how to use them. The changes in the legal system are sig... | 200112_2-RC_4_22 | [
"to describe the role of the parliament under South Africa's new constitution",
"to argue for returning final legal authority to the parliament",
"to contrast the character of legal practice under the apartheid system with that to be implemented under the new constitution",
"to criticize the creation of a cou... | 2 | Which one of the following most accurately describes the author's primary purpose in lines 10–19? |
With the elimination of the apartheid system, South Africa now confronts the transition to a rights-based legal system in a constitutional democracy. Among lawyers and judges, exhilaration over the legal tools soon to be available is tempered by uncertainty about how to use them. The changes in the legal system are sig... | 200112_2-RC_4_23 | [
"deep skepticism",
"open pessimism",
"total indifference",
"guarded optimism",
"complete confidence"
] | 3 | The passage suggests that the author's attitude toward the possibility of success for a rights-based legal system in South Africa is most likely one of |
With the elimination of the apartheid system, South Africa now confronts the transition to a rights-based legal system in a constitutional democracy. Among lawyers and judges, exhilaration over the legal tools soon to be available is tempered by uncertainty about how to use them. The changes in the legal system are sig... | 200112_2-RC_4_24 | [
"decisions rendered in constitutional court",
"challenges from concerned citizens",
"new laws passed in the parliament",
"provisions in the constitution's bill of rights",
"other judges with a more rule-bound approach to the law"
] | 2 | According to the passage, under the apartheid system the rulings of judges were sometimes counteracted by |
With the elimination of the apartheid system, South Africa now confronts the transition to a rights-based legal system in a constitutional democracy. Among lawyers and judges, exhilaration over the legal tools soon to be available is tempered by uncertainty about how to use them. The changes in the legal system are sig... | 200112_2-RC_4_25 | [
"A solution to a problem is identified, several methods of implementing the solution are discussed, and one of the methods is argued for.",
"The background to a problem is presented, past methods of solving the problem are criticized, and a new solution is proposed.",
"An analysis of a problem is presented, pos... | 4 | Which one of the following most accurately describes the organization of the last paragraph of the passage? |
With the elimination of the apartheid system, South Africa now confronts the transition to a rights-based legal system in a constitutional democracy. Among lawyers and judges, exhilaration over the legal tools soon to be available is tempered by uncertainty about how to use them. The changes in the legal system are sig... | 200112_2-RC_4_26 | [
"Reliance of judges on the interpretations given bills of rights in other countries must be tempered by the recognition that such interpretations may be based on circumstances not necessarily applicable to South Africa.",
"Basing interpretations of the South African bill of rights on interpretations given bills o... | 0 | Based on the passage, the scholars mentioned in the second paragraph would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements? |
The jury trial is one of the handful of democratic institutions that allow individual citizens, rather than the government, to make important societal decisions. A crucial component of the jury trial, at least in serious criminal cases, is the rule that verdicts be unanimous among the jurors (usually twelve in number).... | 200206_1-RC_1_1 | [
"Because trials requiring juries are relative rare, the usefulness of the unanimity requirement does not need to be reexamined.",
"The unanimity requirement should be maintained because most hung juries are caused by irresponsible jurors rather than by any flaws in the requirement.",
"The problem of hung juries... | 4 | Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage? |
The jury trial is one of the handful of democratic institutions that allow individual citizens, rather than the government, to make important societal decisions. A crucial component of the jury trial, at least in serious criminal cases, is the rule that verdicts be unanimous among the jurors (usually twelve in number).... | 200206_1-RC_1_2 | [
"cursory appreciation",
"neutral interest",
"cautious endorsement",
"firm support",
"unreasoned reverence"
] | 3 | Which one of the following most accurately describes the author's attitude toward the unanimity requirement? |
The jury trial is one of the handful of democratic institutions that allow individual citizens, rather than the government, to make important societal decisions. A crucial component of the jury trial, at least in serious criminal cases, is the rule that verdicts be unanimous among the jurors (usually twelve in number).... | 200206_1-RC_1_3 | [
"The risk of unjust verdicts is serious enough to warrant strong measures to avoid it.",
"Fairness in jury trials is crucial and so judges must be extremely thorough in order to ensure it.",
"Careful adherence to the unanimity requirement will eventually eliminate unjust verdicts.",
"Safeguards must be in pla... | 0 | Which one of the following principles can most clearly be said to underlie the author's arguments in the third paragraph? |
The jury trial is one of the handful of democratic institutions that allow individual citizens, rather than the government, to make important societal decisions. A crucial component of the jury trial, at least in serious criminal cases, is the rule that verdicts be unanimous among the jurors (usually twelve in number).... | 200206_1-RC_1_4 | [
"It is not surprising, then, that the arguments presented by the critics of the unanimity requirement grow out of a separate tradition from that embodied in the unanimity requirement.",
"Similarly, if there is a public debate concerning the unanimity requirement, public faith in the requirement will be strengthen... | 2 | Which one of the following sentences could most logically be added to the end of the last paragraph of the passage? |
The jury trial is one of the handful of democratic institutions that allow individual citizens, rather than the government, to make important societal decisions. A crucial component of the jury trial, at least in serious criminal cases, is the rule that verdicts be unanimous among the jurors (usually twelve in number).... | 200206_1-RC_1_5 | [
"obstinate",
"suspicious",
"careful",
"conscientious",
"naive"
] | 0 | Which one of the following could replace the term "recalcitrant" (line 16) without a substantial change in the meaning of the critics' claim? |
The jury trial is one of the handful of democratic institutions that allow individual citizens, rather than the government, to make important societal decisions. A crucial component of the jury trial, at least in serious criminal cases, is the rule that verdicts be unanimous among the jurors (usually twelve in number).... | 200206_1-RC_1_6 | [
"Only verdicts in very close cases would be affected.",
"The responsibility felt by jurors to be respectful to one another would be lessened.",
"Society's confidence in the fairness of the verdicts would be undermined.",
"The problem of hung juries would not be solved but would surface less frequently.",
"A... | 2 | The author explicitly claims that which one of the following would be a result of allowing a juror's dissenting opinion to be dismissed? |
The jury trial is one of the handful of democratic institutions that allow individual citizens, rather than the government, to make important societal decisions. A crucial component of the jury trial, at least in serious criminal cases, is the rule that verdicts be unanimous among the jurors (usually twelve in number).... | 200206_1-RC_1_7 | [
"Hung juries most often result from an error in judgment on the part of one juror.",
"Aside from the material costs of hung juries, the criminal justice system has few flaws.",
"The fact that jury trials are so rare renders any flaws in the jury system insignificant.",
"Hung juries are acceptable and usually ... | 3 | It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following? |
Spurred by the discovery that a substance containing uranium emitted radiation, Marie Curie began studying radioactivity in 1897. She first tested gold and copper for radiation but found none. She then tested pitchblende, a mineral that was known to contain uranium, and discovered that it was more radioactive than uran... | 200206_1-RC_2_8 | [
"It is unlikely that quantum mechanics would have been developed without the theoretical contributions of Marie Curie toward an understanding of the nature of radioactivity.",
"Although later shown to be incomplete and partially inaccurate, Marie Curie's investigations provided a significant step forward on the r... | 1 | Which one of the following most accurately states the central idea of the passage? |
Spurred by the discovery that a substance containing uranium emitted radiation, Marie Curie began studying radioactivity in 1897. She first tested gold and copper for radiation but found none. She then tested pitchblende, a mineral that was known to contain uranium, and discovered that it was more radioactive than uran... | 200206_1-RC_2_9 | [
"The critics fail to take into account the obstacles Curie faced in dealing with the scientific community of her time.",
"The critics do not appreciate that the eventual development of quantum mechanics depended on Curie's conjecture that radiating substances can lose atoms.",
"The critics are unaware of the di... | 3 | The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements about the contemporary critics of Curie's studies of radioactivity? |
Spurred by the discovery that a substance containing uranium emitted radiation, Marie Curie began studying radioactivity in 1897. She first tested gold and copper for radiation but found none. She then tested pitchblende, a mineral that was known to contain uranium, and discovered that it was more radioactive than uran... | 200206_1-RC_2_10 | [
"Pitchblende was not known by scientists to contain any radioactive element besides uranium.",
"Radioactivity was suspected by scientists to arise from the overall structure of pitchblende rather than from particular elements in it.",
"Physicists and chemists had developed rival theories regarding the cause of ... | 0 | The passage implies which one of the following with regard to the time at which Curie began studying radioactivity? |
Spurred by the discovery that a substance containing uranium emitted radiation, Marie Curie began studying radioactivity in 1897. She first tested gold and copper for radiation but found none. She then tested pitchblende, a mineral that was known to contain uranium, and discovered that it was more radioactive than uran... | 200206_1-RC_2_11 | [
"summarize some aspects of one scientist's work and defend it against recent criticism",
"describe a scientific dispute and argue for the correctness of an earlier theory",
"outline a currently accepted scientific theory and analyze the evidence that led to its acceptance",
"explain the mechanism by which a n... | 0 | The author's primary purpose in the passage is to |
Spurred by the discovery that a substance containing uranium emitted radiation, Marie Curie began studying radioactivity in 1897. She first tested gold and copper for radiation but found none. She then tested pitchblende, a mineral that was known to contain uranium, and discovered that it was more radioactive than uran... | 200206_1-RC_2_12 | [
"narrate the progress of turn-of-the-century studies of radioactivity",
"present a context for the conflict between physicists and chemists",
"provide the factual background for an evaluation of Curie's work",
"outline the structure of the author's central argument",
"identify the error in Curie's work that... | 2 | The primary function of the first paragraph of the passage is to |
Spurred by the discovery that a substance containing uranium emitted radiation, Marie Curie began studying radioactivity in 1897. She first tested gold and copper for radiation but found none. She then tested pitchblende, a mineral that was known to contain uranium, and discovered that it was more radioactive than uran... | 200206_1-RC_2_13 | [
"the physical process that underlies a phenomenon",
"the experimental apparatus in which a phenomenon arises",
"the procedure scientists use to bring about the occurrence of a phenomenon",
"the isotopes of an element needed to produce a phenomenon",
"the scientific theory describing a phenomenon"
] | 0 | Which one of the following most accurately expresses the meaning of the word "mechanism" as used by the author in the last sentence of the first paragraph? |
Published in 1952, Invisible Man featured a protagonist whose activities enabled the novel's author, Ralph Ellison, to explore and to blend themes specifically tied to the history and plight of African Americans with themes, also explored by many European writers with whose works Ellison was familiar, about the fractur... | 200206_1-RC_3_14 | [
"The possibility of successfully blending different cultural forms is demonstrated by jazz's ability to incorporate European influences.",
"The technique of blending the artistic concerns of two cultures could be an effective tool for social and political action.",
"Due to the success of Invisible Man, Ellison ... | 0 | It can be inferred from the passage that the author most clearly holds which one of the following views? |
Published in 1952, Invisible Man featured a protagonist whose activities enabled the novel's author, Ralph Ellison, to explore and to blend themes specifically tied to the history and plight of African Americans with themes, also explored by many European writers with whose works Ellison was familiar, about the fractur... | 200206_1-RC_3_15 | [
"created a positive effect on the social conditions of the time",
"provided a historical record of the plight of African Americans",
"contained a tribute to the political contributions of African American predecessors",
"prompted a necessary and further separation of American literature from European literary... | 0 | Based on the passage, Ellison's critics would most likely have responded favorably to Invisible Man if it had |
Published in 1952, Invisible Man featured a protagonist whose activities enabled the novel's author, Ralph Ellison, to explore and to blend themes specifically tied to the history and plight of African Americans with themes, also explored by many European writers with whose works Ellison was familiar, about the fractur... | 200206_1-RC_3_16 | [
"a general tendency within the arts whereby certain images and themes recur within the works of certain cultures",
"an obvious separation within the art community resulting from artists' differing aesthetic principles",
"the cultural isolation artists feel when they address issues of individual identity",
"th... | 4 | The expression "cultural segregation in the arts" (lines 22-23) most clearly refers to |
Published in 1952, Invisible Man featured a protagonist whose activities enabled the novel's author, Ralph Ellison, to explore and to blend themes specifically tied to the history and plight of African Americans with themes, also explored by many European writers with whose works Ellison was familiar, about the fractur... | 200206_1-RC_3_17 | [
"summarize the thematic concerns of an artist in relation to other artists within the discipline",
"affirm the importance of two artistic disciplines in relation to cultural concerns",
"identify the source of the thematic content of one artist's work",
"celebrate one artistic discipline by viewing it from the... | 4 | The primary purpose of the third paragraph is to |
Published in 1952, Invisible Man featured a protagonist whose activities enabled the novel's author, Ralph Ellison, to explore and to blend themes specifically tied to the history and plight of African Americans with themes, also explored by many European writers with whose works Ellison was familiar, about the fractur... | 200206_1-RC_3_18 | [
"It is not accessible to a wide audience.",
"It is the most complex of modern musical forms.",
"It embraces other forms of music.",
"It avoids political themes.",
"It has influenced much of contemporary literature."
] | 2 | Which one of the following statements about jazz is made in the passage? |
Published in 1952, Invisible Man featured a protagonist whose activities enabled the novel's author, Ralph Ellison, to explore and to blend themes specifically tied to the history and plight of African Americans with themes, also explored by many European writers with whose works Ellison was familiar, about the fractur... | 200206_1-RC_3_19 | [
"Audiences respond more favorably to art that has no political content.",
"Groundless criticism of an artist's work can hinder an audience's reception of the work.",
"Audiences have the capacity for empathy required to appreciate unique and expressive art.",
"The most conscientious members of any audience are... | 2 | It can be inferred from the passage that Ellison most clearly holds which one of the following views regarding an audience's relationship to works of art? |
Published in 1952, Invisible Man featured a protagonist whose activities enabled the novel's author, Ralph Ellison, to explore and to blend themes specifically tied to the history and plight of African Americans with themes, also explored by many European writers with whose works Ellison was familiar, about the fractur... | 200206_1-RC_3_20 | [
"make a case that a certain novelist is one of the most important novelists of the twentieth century",
"demonstrate the value of using jazz as an illustration for further understanding the novels of a certain literary trend",
"explain the relevance of a particular work and its protagonist to the political and s... | 3 | The primary purpose of the passage is to |
Published in 1952, Invisible Man featured a protagonist whose activities enabled the novel's author, Ralph Ellison, to explore and to blend themes specifically tied to the history and plight of African Americans with themes, also explored by many European writers with whose works Ellison was familiar, about the fractur... | 200206_1-RC_3_21 | [
"Did Ellison himself enjoy jazz?",
"What themes in Invisible Man were influenced by themes prevalent in jazz?",
"What was Ellison's response to criticism concerning the thematic blend in Invisible Man?",
"From what literary tradition did some of the ideas explored in Invisible Man come?",
"What kind of musi... | 1 | The passage provides information to answer each of the following questions EXCEPT: |
Recent investigations into the psychology of decision making have sparked interest among scholars seeking to understand why governments sometimes take gambles that appear theoretically unjustifiable on the basis of expected costs and benefits. Researchers have demonstrated some significant discrepancies between objecti... | 200206_1-RC_4_22 | [
"the country's actions are consistent with previously accepted views of the psychology of risk-taking",
"the new research findings indicate that the country from which the territory has been seized probably weighs the risk factors involved in the situation similarly to the way in which they are weighed by the agg... | 0 | Suppose that a country seizes a piece of territory with great mineral wealth that is claimed by a neighboring country, with a concomitant risk of failure involving moderate but easily tolerable harm in the long run. Given the information in the passage, the author would most likely say that |
Recent investigations into the psychology of decision making have sparked interest among scholars seeking to understand why governments sometimes take gambles that appear theoretically unjustifiable on the basis of expected costs and benefits. Researchers have demonstrated some significant discrepancies between objecti... | 200206_1-RC_4_23 | [
"the introduction to a thought experiment whose results the author expects will vary widely among different people",
"a rhetorical question whose assumed answer is in conflict with the previously accepted view concerning risk-taking behavior",
"the basis for an illustration of how the previously accepted view c... | 2 | The question in lines 24-27functions primarily as |
Recent investigations into the psychology of decision making have sparked interest among scholars seeking to understand why governments sometimes take gambles that appear theoretically unjustifiable on the basis of expected costs and benefits. Researchers have demonstrated some significant discrepancies between objecti... | 200206_1-RC_4_24 | [
"When states try to regain losses through risky conflict, they generally are misled by inadequate or inaccurate information as to the risks that they run in doing so.",
"Government decision makers subjectively evaluate the acceptability of risks involving national assets in much the same way that they would evalu... | 1 | It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage that the author would agree with which one of the following statements? |
Recent investigations into the psychology of decision making have sparked interest among scholars seeking to understand why governments sometimes take gambles that appear theoretically unjustifiable on the basis of expected costs and benefits. Researchers have demonstrated some significant discrepancies between objecti... | 200206_1-RC_4_25 | [
"a psychological analysis of the motives involved in certain types of collective decision making in the presence of conflict",
"a presentation of a psychological hypothesis which is then subjected to a political test case",
"a suggestion that psychologists should incorporate the findings of political scientists... | 3 | The passage can be most accurately described as |
Recent investigations into the psychology of decision making have sparked interest among scholars seeking to understand why governments sometimes take gambles that appear theoretically unjustifiable on the basis of expected costs and benefits. Researchers have demonstrated some significant discrepancies between objecti... | 200206_1-RC_4_26 | [
"Researchers have previously been too willing to accept the claims that subjects make about their preferred choices in risk-related decision problems.",
"There is inadequate research support for the hypothesis that except when a gamble is the only available means for averting an otherwise certain loss, people typ... | 2 | The passage most clearly suggests that the author would agree with which one of the following statements? |
The myth persists that in 1492 the Western Hemisphere was an untamed wilderness and that it was European settlers who harnessed and transformed its ecosystems. But scholarship shows that forests, in particular, had been altered to varying degrees well before the arrival of Europeans. Native populations had converted mu... | 200210_3-RC_1_1 | [
"Despite extensive evidence that native populations had been burning North and South American forests extensively before 1492, some scholars persist in claiming that such burning was either infrequent or the result of natural causes.",
"In opposition to the widespread belief that in 1492 the Western Hemisphere wa... | 2 | Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main idea of the passage? |
The myth persists that in 1492 the Western Hemisphere was an untamed wilderness and that it was European settlers who harnessed and transformed its ecosystems. But scholarship shows that forests, in particular, had been altered to varying degrees well before the arrival of Europeans. Native populations had converted mu... | 200210_3-RC_1_2 | [
"numerous types of hardwood trees",
"extensive herbaceous undergrowth",
"a variety of fire-tolerant plants",
"various stages of ecological maturity",
"grassy openings such as meadows or glades"
] | 0 | It can be inferred that a forest burned as described in the passage would have been LEAST likely to display |
The myth persists that in 1492 the Western Hemisphere was an untamed wilderness and that it was European settlers who harnessed and transformed its ecosystems. But scholarship shows that forests, in particular, had been altered to varying degrees well before the arrival of Europeans. Native populations had converted mu... | 200210_3-RC_1_3 | [
"scrub oak forests in the southeastern U.S.",
"slash pine forests in the southeastern U.S.",
"pine forests in Guatemala at high elevations",
"pine forests in Mexico at high elevations",
"pine forests in Nicaragua at low elevations"
] | 4 | Which one of the following is a type of forest identified by the author as a product of controlled burning in recent times? |
The myth persists that in 1492 the Western Hemisphere was an untamed wilderness and that it was European settlers who harnessed and transformed its ecosystems. But scholarship shows that forests, in particular, had been altered to varying degrees well before the arrival of Europeans. Native populations had converted mu... | 200210_3-RC_1_4 | [
"extensive homogeneous forests at high elevation",
"extensive homogeneous forests at low elevation",
"extensive heterogeneous forests at high elevation",
"extensive heterogeneous forests at low elevation",
"extensive sedimentary charcoal accumulations at high elevation"
] | 1 | Which one of the following is presented by the author as evidence of controlled burning in the tropics before the arrival of Europeans? |
The myth persists that in 1492 the Western Hemisphere was an untamed wilderness and that it was European settlers who harnessed and transformed its ecosystems. But scholarship shows that forests, in particular, had been altered to varying degrees well before the arrival of Europeans. Native populations had converted mu... | 200210_3-RC_1_5 | [
"The long-term effects of controlled burning could just as easily have been caused by natural fires.",
"Herbaceous undergrowth prevents many forests from reaching full maturity.",
"European settlers had little impact on the composition of the ecosystems in North and South America.",
"Certain species of plants... | 3 | With which one of the following would the author be most likely to agree? |
The myth persists that in 1492 the Western Hemisphere was an untamed wilderness and that it was European settlers who harnessed and transformed its ecosystems. But scholarship shows that forests, in particular, had been altered to varying degrees well before the arrival of Europeans. Native populations had converted mu... | 200210_3-RC_1_6 | [
"the similar characteristics of fires in different regions",
"the simultaneous presence of forests at varying stages of maturity",
"the existence of herbaceous undergrowth in certain forests",
"the heavy accumulation of charcoal near populous settlements",
"the presence of meadows and glades in certain fore... | 0 | As evidence for the routine practice of forest burning by native populations before the arrival of Europeans, the author cites all of the following EXCEPT: |
The myth persists that in 1492 the Western Hemisphere was an untamed wilderness and that it was European settlers who harnessed and transformed its ecosystems. But scholarship shows that forests, in particular, had been altered to varying degrees well before the arrival of Europeans. Native populations had converted mu... | 200210_3-RC_1_7 | [
"forest clearing followed by controlled burning of forests",
"tropical rain forest followed by pine forest",
"European settlement followed by abandonment of land",
"homogeneous pine forest followed by mixed hardwoods",
"pine forests followed by established settlements"
] | 3 | The "succession" mentioned in line 57 refers to |
The myth persists that in 1492 the Western Hemisphere was an untamed wilderness and that it was European settlers who harnessed and transformed its ecosystems. But scholarship shows that forests, in particular, had been altered to varying degrees well before the arrival of Europeans. Native populations had converted mu... | 200210_3-RC_1_8 | [
"refute certain researchers' views",
"support a common belief",
"counter certain evidence",
"synthesize two viewpoints",
"correct the geographical record"
] | 0 | The primary purpose of the passage is to |
Intellectual authority is defined as the authority of arguments that prevail by virtue of good reasoning and do not depend on coercion or convention. A contrasting notion, institutional authority, refers to the power of social institutions to enforce acceptance of arguments that may or may not possess intellectual auth... | 200210_3-RC_2_9 | [
"Although some argue that the authority of legal systems is purely intellectual, these systems possess a degree of institutional authority due to their ability to enforce acceptance of badly reasoned or socially inappropriate judicial decisions.",
"Although some argue that the authority of legal systems is purely... | 3 | Which one of the following most accurately states the main idea of the passage? |
Intellectual authority is defined as the authority of arguments that prevail by virtue of good reasoning and do not depend on coercion or convention. A contrasting notion, institutional authority, refers to the power of social institutions to enforce acceptance of arguments that may or may not possess intellectual auth... | 200210_3-RC_2_10 | [
"fail to gain institutional consensus",
"fail to challenge institutional beliefs",
"fail to conform to the example of precedent",
"fail to convince by virtue of good reasoning",
"fail to gain acceptance except by coercion"
] | 0 | That some arguments "never receive institutional imprimatur" (lines 22–23) most likely means that these arguments |
Intellectual authority is defined as the authority of arguments that prevail by virtue of good reasoning and do not depend on coercion or convention. A contrasting notion, institutional authority, refers to the power of social institutions to enforce acceptance of arguments that may or may not possess intellectual auth... | 200210_3-RC_2_11 | [
"Judges often act under time constraints and occasionally render a badly reasoned or socially inappropriate decision.",
"In some legal systems, the percentage of judicial decisions that contain faulty reasoning is far higher than it is in other legal systems.",
"Many socially inappropriate legal decisions are t... | 4 | Which one of the following, if true, most challenges the author's contention that legal systems contain a significant degree of intellectual authority? |
Intellectual authority is defined as the authority of arguments that prevail by virtue of good reasoning and do not depend on coercion or convention. A contrasting notion, institutional authority, refers to the power of social institutions to enforce acceptance of arguments that may or may not possess intellectual auth... | 200210_3-RC_2_12 | [
"Institutional authority may depend on coercion; intellectual authority never does.",
"Intellectual authority may accept well-reasoned arguments; institutional authority never does.",
"Institutional authority may depend on convention; intellectual authority never does.",
"Intellectual authority sometimes chal... | 1 | Given the information in the passage, the author is LEAST likely to believe which one of the following? |
Intellectual authority is defined as the authority of arguments that prevail by virtue of good reasoning and do not depend on coercion or convention. A contrasting notion, institutional authority, refers to the power of social institutions to enforce acceptance of arguments that may or may not possess intellectual auth... | 200210_3-RC_2_13 | [
"distinguish the notion of institutional authority from that of intellectual authority",
"give an example of an argument possessing intellectual authority that did not prevail in its own time",
"identify an example in which the ascription of musical genius did not withstand the test of time",
"illustrate the ... | 3 | The author discusses the example from musicology primarily in order to |
Intellectual authority is defined as the authority of arguments that prevail by virtue of good reasoning and do not depend on coercion or convention. A contrasting notion, institutional authority, refers to the power of social institutions to enforce acceptance of arguments that may or may not possess intellectual auth... | 200210_3-RC_2_14 | [
"It is the only tool judges should use if they wish to achieve a purely intellectual authority.",
"It is a useful tool in theory but in practice it invariably conflicts with the demands of intellectual authority.",
"It is a useful tool but lacks intellectual authority unless it is combined with the reconsiderin... | 2 | Based on the passage, the author would be most likely to hold which one of the following views about the doctrine of precedent? |
In explaining the foundations of the discipline known as historical sociology—the examination of history using the methods of sociology—historical sociologist Philip Abrams argues that, while people are made by society as much as society is made by people, sociologists' approach to the subject is usually to focus on on... | 200210_3-RC_3_15 | [
"Abrams argues that historical sociology rejects the claims of sociologists who assert that the sociological concept of structuring cannot be applied to the interactions between individuals and history.",
"Abrams argues that historical sociology assumes that, despite the views of sociologists to the contrary, his... | 3 | Which one of the following most accurately states the central idea of the passage? |
In explaining the foundations of the discipline known as historical sociology—the examination of history using the methods of sociology—historical sociologist Philip Abrams argues that, while people are made by society as much as society is made by people, sociologists' approach to the subject is usually to focus on on... | 200210_3-RC_3_16 | [
"Only if they adhere to this structure, Abrams believes, can historical sociologists conclude with any certainty that the events that constitute the historical record are influenced by the actions of individuals.",
"Only if they adhere to this structure, Abrams believes, will historical sociologists be able to co... | 4 | Given the passage's argument, which one of the following sentences most logically completes the last paragraph? |
In explaining the foundations of the discipline known as historical sociology—the examination of history using the methods of sociology—historical sociologist Philip Abrams argues that, while people are made by society as much as society is made by people, sociologists' approach to the subject is usually to focus on on... | 200210_3-RC_3_17 | [
"a social phenomenon",
"a form of historical structuring",
"an accidental circumstance",
"a condition controllable to some extent by an individual",
"a partial determinant of an individual's actions"
] | 1 | The passage states that a contingency could be each of the following EXCEPT: |
In explaining the foundations of the discipline known as historical sociology—the examination of history using the methods of sociology—historical sociologist Philip Abrams argues that, while people are made by society as much as society is made by people, sociologists' approach to the subject is usually to focus on on... | 200210_3-RC_3_18 | [
"In a report on the enactment of a bill into law, a journalist explains why the need for the bill arose, sketches the biography of the principal legislator who wrote the bill, and ponders the effect that the bill's enactment will have both on society and on the legislator's career.",
"In a consultation with a pat... | 0 | Which one of the following is most analogous to the ideal work of a historical sociologist as outlined by Abrams? |
In explaining the foundations of the discipline known as historical sociology—the examination of history using the methods of sociology—historical sociologist Philip Abrams argues that, while people are made by society as much as society is made by people, sociologists' approach to the subject is usually to focus on on... | 200210_3-RC_3_19 | [
"outline the merits of Abrams's conception of historical sociology",
"convey the details of Abrams's conception of historical sociology",
"anticipate challenges to Abrams's conception of historical sociology",
"examine the roles of key terms used in Abrams's conception of historical sociology",
"identify th... | 4 | The primary function of the first paragraph of the passage is to |
In explaining the foundations of the discipline known as historical sociology—the examination of history using the methods of sociology—historical sociologist Philip Abrams argues that, while people are made by society as much as society is made by people, sociologists' approach to the subject is usually to focus on on... | 200210_3-RC_3_20 | [
"the effect of the fact that a person experienced political injustice on that person's decision to work for political reform",
"the effect of the fact that a person was raised in an agricultural region on that person's decision to pursue a career in agriculture",
"the effect of the fact that a person lives in a... | 2 | Based on the passage, which one of the following is the LEAST illustrative example of the effect of a contingency upon an individual? |
One of the greatest challenges facing medical students today, apart from absorbing volumes of technical information and learning habits of scientific thought, is that of remaining empathetic to the needs of patients in the face of all this rigorous training. Requiring students to immerse themselves completely in medica... | 200210_3-RC_4_21 | [
"Training in ethics that incorporates narrative literature would better cultivate flexible ethical thinking and increase medical students' capacity for empathetic patient care as compared with the traditional approach of medical schools to such training.",
"Traditional abstract ethical training, because it is too... | 0 | Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage? |
One of the greatest challenges facing medical students today, apart from absorbing volumes of technical information and learning habits of scientific thought, is that of remaining empathetic to the needs of patients in the face of all this rigorous training. Requiring students to immerse themselves completely in medica... | 200210_3-RC_4_22 | [
"a sense of curiosity, aroused by reading, that leads one to follow actively the development of problems involving the characters depicted in narratives",
"a faculty of seeking out and recognizing the ethical controversies involved in human relationships and identifying oneself with one side or another in such co... | 3 | Which one of the following most accurately represents the author's use of the term "moral imagination" in line 38? |
One of the greatest challenges facing medical students today, apart from absorbing volumes of technical information and learning habits of scientific thought, is that of remaining empathetic to the needs of patients in the face of all this rigorous training. Requiring students to immerse themselves completely in medica... | 200210_3-RC_4_23 | [
"The heavy load of technical coursework in today's medical schools often keeps them from giving adequate emphasis to courses in medical ethics.",
"Students learn more about ethics through the use of fiction than through the use of nonfictional readings.",
"The traditional method of ethical training in medical s... | 4 | It can be inferred from the passage that the author would most likely agree with which one of the following statements? |
One of the greatest challenges facing medical students today, apart from absorbing volumes of technical information and learning habits of scientific thought, is that of remaining empathetic to the needs of patients in the face of all this rigorous training. Requiring students to immerse themselves completely in medica... | 200210_3-RC_4_24 | [
"to advise medical schools on how to implement a narrative-based approach to ethics in their curricula",
"to argue that the current methods of ethics education are counterproductive to the formation of empathetic doctor-patient relationships",
"to argue that the ethical content of narrative literature foreshado... | 3 | Which one of the following is most likely the author's overall purpose in the passage? |
One of the greatest challenges facing medical students today, apart from absorbing volumes of technical information and learning habits of scientific thought, is that of remaining empathetic to the needs of patients in the face of all this rigorous training. Requiring students to immerse themselves completely in medica... | 200210_3-RC_4_25 | [
"It tends to avoid the extreme relativism of situational ethics.",
"It connects students to varied types of human events.",
"It can help lead medical students to develop new ways of dealing with patients.",
"It requires students to examine moral issues from new perspectives.",
"It can help insulate future d... | 4 | The passage ascribes each of the following characteristics to the use of narrative literature in ethical education EXCEPT: |
One of the greatest challenges facing medical students today, apart from absorbing volumes of technical information and learning habits of scientific thought, is that of remaining empathetic to the needs of patients in the face of all this rigorous training. Requiring students to immerse themselves completely in medica... | 200210_3-RC_4_26 | [
"Doctors face a variety of such dilemmas.",
"Purely scientific thinking is inadequate for dealing with modern ethical dilemmas.",
"Such dilemmas are more prevalent today as a result of scientific and technological advances in medicine.",
"Theorizing about ethics does little to prepare students to face such di... | 2 | With regard to ethical dilemmas, the passage explicitly states each of the following EXCEPT: |
One of the greatest challenges facing medical students today, apart from absorbing volumes of technical information and learning habits of scientific thought, is that of remaining empathetic to the needs of patients in the face of all this rigorous training. Requiring students to immerse themselves completely in medica... | 200210_3-RC_4_27 | [
"unqualified disapproval of the method and disapproval of all of its effects",
"reserved judgment regarding the method and disapproval of all of its effects",
"partial disapproval of the method and clinical indifference toward its effects",
"partial approval of the method and disapproval of all of its effects... | 4 | The author's attitude regarding the traditional method of teaching ethics in medical school can most accurately be described as |
The contemporary Mexican artistic movement known as muralism, a movement of public art that began with images painted on walls in an effort to represent Mexican national culture, is closely linked ideologically with its main sponsor, the new Mexican government elected in 1920 following the Mexican Revolution. This gove... | 200212_3-RC_1_1 | [
"Muralism developed its political goals in Mexico in service to the revolutionary government, while its aesthetic aspects were borrowed from other countries.",
"Inspired by political developments in Mexico and trends in modern art, muralist painters devised an innovative style of large-scale painting to reflect M... | 1 | Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage? |
The contemporary Mexican artistic movement known as muralism, a movement of public art that began with images painted on walls in an effort to represent Mexican national culture, is closely linked ideologically with its main sponsor, the new Mexican government elected in 1920 following the Mexican Revolution. This gove... | 200212_3-RC_1_2 | [
"assimilation of elements of Mexican customs and myth",
"movement beyond single, centralized subjects",
"experimentation with expressionist techniques",
"distinctive manner of artistic expression",
"underlying resistance to change"
] | 3 | The author mentions Rivera's use of "pre-Columbian sculpture and the Italian Renaissance fresco" (lines 36–37) primarily in order to provide an example of Rivera's |
The contemporary Mexican artistic movement known as muralism, a movement of public art that began with images painted on walls in an effort to represent Mexican national culture, is closely linked ideologically with its main sponsor, the new Mexican government elected in 1920 following the Mexican Revolution. This gove... | 200212_3-RC_1_3 | [
"its revolutionary ideology",
"its use of brilliant color",
"its tailoring of style to its medium",
"its use of elements from everyday life",
"its expression of populist ideas"
] | 2 | Which one of the following aspects of muralist painting does the author appear to value most highly? |
The contemporary Mexican artistic movement known as muralism, a movement of public art that began with images painted on walls in an effort to represent Mexican national culture, is closely linked ideologically with its main sponsor, the new Mexican government elected in 1920 following the Mexican Revolution. This gove... | 200212_3-RC_1_4 | [
"Art should be evaluated on the basis of its style and form rather than on its content.",
"Government sponsorship is essential to the flourishing of art.",
"Realism is unsuited to large-scale public art.",
"The use of techniques borrowed from other cultures can contribute to the rediscovery of one's national ... | 3 | Based on the passage, with which one of the following statements about art would the muralists be most likely to agree? |
The contemporary Mexican artistic movement known as muralism, a movement of public art that began with images painted on walls in an effort to represent Mexican national culture, is closely linked ideologically with its main sponsor, the new Mexican government elected in 1920 following the Mexican Revolution. This gove... | 200212_3-RC_1_5 | [
"It encouraged the adoption of modern innovations from abroad.",
"It encouraged artists to pursue the realist tradition in art.",
"It called on artists to portray Mexico's heritage and future promise.",
"It developed the theoretical base of the muralist movement.",
"It favored artists who introduced stylist... | 2 | According to the passage, the Mexican government elected in 1920 took which one of the following approaches to art following the Mexican Revolution? |
The contemporary Mexican artistic movement known as muralism, a movement of public art that began with images painted on walls in an effort to represent Mexican national culture, is closely linked ideologically with its main sponsor, the new Mexican government elected in 1920 following the Mexican Revolution. This gove... | 200212_3-RC_1_6 | [
"The major figures in muralism also created important works in that style that were deliberately not political in content.",
"Not all muralist painters were familiar with the innovations being made at that time in the art world.",
"The changes taking place at that time in the art world were revivals of earlier ... | 0 | Which one of the following, if true, most supports the author's claim about the relationship between muralism and the Mexican Revolution (lines 24–27)? |
The contemporary Mexican artistic movement known as muralism, a movement of public art that began with images painted on walls in an effort to represent Mexican national culture, is closely linked ideologically with its main sponsor, the new Mexican government elected in 1920 following the Mexican Revolution. This gove... | 200212_3-RC_1_7 | [
"Its subject matter consisted primarily of current events.",
"It could be viewed outdoors only.",
"It used the same techniques as are used in easel painting.",
"It exhibited remarkable stylistic uniformity.",
"It was intended to be viewed from more than one angle."
] | 4 | Which one of the following does the author explicitly identify as a characteristic of Mexican mural art? |
The contemporary Mexican artistic movement known as muralism, a movement of public art that began with images painted on walls in an effort to represent Mexican national culture, is closely linked ideologically with its main sponsor, the new Mexican government elected in 1920 following the Mexican Revolution. This gove... | 200212_3-RC_1_8 | [
"describe the unifying features of muralism",
"provide support for the argument that the muralists often did not support government causes",
"support the claim that muralists always used their work to comment on their own historical period",
"illustrate how the muralists appropriated elements of Mexican tradi... | 4 | The primary purpose of the second paragraph is to |
Fairy tales address themselves to two communities, each with its own interests and each in periodic conflict with the other: parents and children. Nearly every study of fairy tales has taken the perspective of the parent, constructing the meaning of the tales by using the reading strategies of an adult bent on identify... | 200212_3-RC_2_9 | [
"While originally written for children, fairy tales also contain a deeper significance for adults that psychologists such as Bettelheim have shown to be their true meaning.",
"The \"superficial\" reading of a fairy tale, which deals only with the tale's content, is actually more enlightening for children than the... | 3 | Which one of the following most accurately states the main idea of the passage? |
Fairy tales address themselves to two communities, each with its own interests and each in periodic conflict with the other: parents and children. Nearly every study of fairy tales has taken the perspective of the parent, constructing the meaning of the tales by using the reading strategies of an adult bent on identify... | 200212_3-RC_2_10 | [
"Hansel and Gretel are abandoned by their hard-hearted parents.",
"Hansel and Gretel are imprisoned by the witch.",
"Hansel and Gretel overpower the witch.",
"Hansel and Gretel take the witch's jewels.",
"Hansel and Gretel bring the witch's jewels home to their parents."
] | 0 | Based on the passage, which one of the following elements of "Hansel and Gretel" would most likely be de-emphasized in Bettelheim's interpretation of the tale? |
Fairy tales address themselves to two communities, each with its own interests and each in periodic conflict with the other: parents and children. Nearly every study of fairy tales has taken the perspective of the parent, constructing the meaning of the tales by using the reading strategies of an adult bent on identify... | 200212_3-RC_2_11 | [
"concern that the view will undermine the ability of fairy tales to provide moral instruction",
"scorn toward the view's supposition that moral tenets can be universally valid",
"disapproval of the view's depiction of children as selfish and adults as innocent",
"anger toward the view's claim that children of... | 2 | Which one of the following is the most accurate description of the author's attitude toward Bettelheim's view of fairy tales? |
Fairy tales address themselves to two communities, each with its own interests and each in periodic conflict with the other: parents and children. Nearly every study of fairy tales has taken the perspective of the parent, constructing the meaning of the tales by using the reading strategies of an adult bent on identify... | 200212_3-RC_2_12 | [
"Children who never attempt to look for the deeper meanings in fairy tales will miss out on one of the principal pleasures of reading such tales.",
"It is better if children discover fairy tales on their own than for an adult to suggest that they read the tales.",
"A child who is unruly will behave better after... | 4 | The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements? |
Fairy tales address themselves to two communities, each with its own interests and each in periodic conflict with the other: parents and children. Nearly every study of fairy tales has taken the perspective of the parent, constructing the meaning of the tales by using the reading strategies of an adult bent on identify... | 200212_3-RC_2_13 | [
"Only those trained in literary interpretation can detect the latent meanings in stories.",
"Only adults are psychologically mature enough to find the latent meanings in stories.",
"Only one of the various meanings readers may find in a story is truly correct.",
"The meanings we see in stories are influenced ... | 3 | Which one of the following principles most likely underlies the author's characterization of literary interpretation? |
Fairy tales address themselves to two communities, each with its own interests and each in periodic conflict with the other: parents and children. Nearly every study of fairy tales has taken the perspective of the parent, constructing the meaning of the tales by using the reading strategies of an adult bent on identify... | 200212_3-RC_2_14 | [
"the moral instruction children receive from fairy tales is detrimental to their emotional development",
"fewer adults are guilty of improper child-rearing than had once been thought",
"the need to deny adult evil is a pervasive feature of all modern societies",
"the plots of many fairy tales are similar to c... | 4 | According to the author, recent psychoanalytic literature suggests that |
Fairy tales address themselves to two communities, each with its own interests and each in periodic conflict with the other: parents and children. Nearly every study of fairy tales has taken the perspective of the parent, constructing the meaning of the tales by using the reading strategies of an adult bent on identify... | 200212_3-RC_2_15 | [
"uninterested in inflexible tenets of moral instruction",
"unfairly subjected to the moral beliefs of their parents",
"often aware of inappropriate parental behavior",
"capable of shedding undesirable personal qualities",
"basically playful and carefree"
] | 3 | It can be inferred from the passage that Bettelheim believes that children are |
Fairy tales address themselves to two communities, each with its own interests and each in periodic conflict with the other: parents and children. Nearly every study of fairy tales has taken the perspective of the parent, constructing the meaning of the tales by using the reading strategies of an adult bent on identify... | 200212_3-RC_2_16 | [
"The imaginations of children do not draw clear distinctions between inanimate objects and living things.",
"Children must learn that their own needs and feelings are to be valued, even when these differ from those of their parents.",
"As their minds mature, children tend to experience the world in terms of the... | 1 | Which one of the following statements is least compatible with Bettelheim's views, as those views are described in the passage? |
With the approach of the twentieth century, the classical wave theory of radiation—a widely accepted theory in physics—began to encounter obstacles. This theory held that all electromagnetic radiation—the entire spectrum from gamma and X rays to radio frequencies, including heat and light—exists in the form of waves. O... | 200212_3-RC_3_17 | [
"If classical wave theorists had never focused on blackbody radiation, Planck's insights would not have developed and the stage would not have been set for Einstein.",
"Classical wave theory, an incorrect formulation of the nature of radiation, was corrected by Planck and other physicists after Planck performed e... | 3 | Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage? |
With the approach of the twentieth century, the classical wave theory of radiation—a widely accepted theory in physics—began to encounter obstacles. This theory held that all electromagnetic radiation—the entire spectrum from gamma and X rays to radio frequencies, including heat and light—exists in the form of waves. O... | 200212_3-RC_3_18 | [
"radio waves",
"black velvet or soot",
"microscopic particles",
"metal surfaces",
"radio volume dials"
] | 4 | Which one of the following does the author use to illustrate the difference between continuous energies and discrete energies? |
With the approach of the twentieth century, the classical wave theory of radiation—a widely accepted theory in physics—began to encounter obstacles. This theory held that all electromagnetic radiation—the entire spectrum from gamma and X rays to radio frequencies, including heat and light—exists in the form of waves. O... | 200212_3-RC_3_19 | [
"Radiation reflected by and radiation emitted by an object are difficult to distinguish from one another.",
"Any object in a dark room is a nearly ideal blackbody object.",
"All blackbody objects of comparable size give off radiation at approximately the same wavelengths regardless of the objects' temperatures.... | 0 | Which one of the following can most clearly be inferred from the description of blackbody objects in the second paragraph? |
With the approach of the twentieth century, the classical wave theory of radiation—a widely accepted theory in physics—began to encounter obstacles. This theory held that all electromagnetic radiation—the entire spectrum from gamma and X rays to radio frequencies, including heat and light—exists in the form of waves. O... | 200212_3-RC_3_20 | [
"strong admiration for the intuitive leap that led to a restored confidence in wave theory's picture of atomic processes",
"mild surprise at the bizarre position Planck took regarding atomic processes",
"reasoned skepticism of Planck's lack of scientific justification for his hypothesis",
"legitimate concern ... | 4 | The author's attitude toward Planck's development of a new hypothesis about atomic processes can most aptly be described as |
With the approach of the twentieth century, the classical wave theory of radiation—a widely accepted theory in physics—began to encounter obstacles. This theory held that all electromagnetic radiation—the entire spectrum from gamma and X rays to radio frequencies, including heat and light—exists in the form of waves. O... | 200212_3-RC_3_21 | [
"What did Planck's hypothesis about atomic processes try to account for?",
"What led to the scientific community's acceptance of Planck's ideas?",
"Roughly when did the blackbody radiation experiments take place?",
"What contributions did Planck make to classical wave theory?",
"What type of experiment led ... | 3 | The passage provides information that answers each of the following questions EXCEPT: |
With the approach of the twentieth century, the classical wave theory of radiation—a widely accepted theory in physics—began to encounter obstacles. This theory held that all electromagnetic radiation—the entire spectrum from gamma and X rays to radio frequencies, including heat and light—exists in the form of waves. O... | 200212_3-RC_3_22 | [
"describe the process by which one theory's assumption was dismantled by a competing theory",
"introduce a central assumption of a scientific theory and the experimental evidence that led to the overthrowing of that theory",
"explain two competing theories that are based on the same experimental evidence",
"d... | 1 | The primary function of the first two paragraphs of the passage is to |
With the approach of the twentieth century, the classical wave theory of radiation—a widely accepted theory in physics—began to encounter obstacles. This theory held that all electromagnetic radiation—the entire spectrum from gamma and X rays to radio frequencies, including heat and light—exists in the form of waves. O... | 200212_3-RC_3_23 | [
"discussing the value of speculation in a scientific discipline",
"summarizing the reasons for the rejection of an established theory by the scientific community",
"describing the role that experimental research plays in a scientific discipline",
"examining a critical stage in the evolution of theories concer... | 3 | The passage is primarily concerned with |
The following passage was written in the mid-1990s. Users of the Internet—the worldwide network of interconnected computer systems—envision it as a way for people to have free access to information via their personal computers. Most Internet communication consists of sending electronic mail or exchanging ideas on elect... | 200212_3-RC_4_24 | [
"Despite the widely recognized need to revise Canadian copyright law to protect works from unauthorized reproduction and distribution over the Internet, users of the Internet have mounted many legal challenges to the criminalizing of digitalization.",
"Although the necessity of revising Canadian copyright law to ... | 1 | Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage? |
The following passage was written in the mid-1990s. Users of the Internet—the worldwide network of interconnected computer systems—envision it as a way for people to have free access to information via their personal computers. Most Internet communication consists of sending electronic mail or exchanging ideas on elect... | 200212_3-RC_4_25 | [
"Digitalization of copyrighted works is permitted to Internet users who pay a small fee to copyright holders.",
"Digitalization of copyrighted works is prohibited to Internet users who are not academics.",
"Digitalization of copyrighted works is permitted to all Internet users without restriction.",
"Digitali... | 0 | Given the author's argument, which one of the following additions to current Canadian copyright law would most likely be an agreeable compromise to both the Internet community and the publishing community? |
The following passage was written in the mid-1990s. Users of the Internet—the worldwide network of interconnected computer systems—envision it as a way for people to have free access to information via their personal computers. Most Internet communication consists of sending electronic mail or exchanging ideas on elect... | 200212_3-RC_4_26 | [
"how copyright infringement of protected works is punished under current Canadian copyright law",
"why current Canadian copyright law is not easily applicable to digitalization",
"how the Internet has caused copyright holders to look for new forms of legal protection",
"why copyright experts propose protectin... | 1 | The discussion in the second paragraph is intended primarily to explain which one of the following? |
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