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…the source and target domains that makes the target sentence easier to process: When people are already thinking of a lawyer as a boxer, they can process a target sentence that extends this metaphor more quickly (Bowdle & Gentner, 2005; Gibbs, 2011; Giora, 2003; Thibodeau & Durgin, 2008).
background
The present studies
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Furthermore, although unconditional or speedy and persistent helping may be the most effective in providing benefits to vulnerable or needy others, this behavior may have to be tempered by distrustful or punishing tendencies in order to establish stable patterns of reciprocity (Trivers 1971).
background
Introduction
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Tg2576 transgenic mice suffer from memory deficits accompanied by β-amyloid plaques that increase with disease progression [5–7].
background
2.1. Molecular Alterations Detected in the Olfactory Bulb (OB) of 18-Month-Old Tg2576 Mice
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The pig is increasingly used to study neurobehavioral dysfunction because of multiple advantageous characteristics such as its size and brain development [40].
background
Introduction
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were those whose proportions in serum or skeletal muscle lipid esters have been shown to be related to variations in insulin sensitivity (16:0, 16:1, 18:2 n-6, 20:3 n-6, 20:4 n-6 and SFA) (Salomaa et al., 1990; Borkman et al., 1993; Vessby et al., 1994, 2002; Pan et al., 1995; Lovejoy et al., 2001; Pelikanova et al., 2...
background
Characteristics of the subjects
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The study population size was calculated considering a proportion of 53% of patients with a cardiovascular SOFA score of 3 or 4 at H24 in the control group, as previously reported (12).
method
METHODS
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We compared the activity of this construct with those of wild-type Tx NS1 and PR(1-80)Tx(81-230) in the Mx1 and SV40 promoter-driven reporter assays and found a reversal of the inhibitory activity, very similar to the effect of Tx(CPSFmut) (Fig.
method
RESULTS
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…August 14, 2015 10 / 21 proxies may have difficulty evaluating the impact of conditions on dimensions of health such as pain and emotion; Tilford et al. (2005) [79] called for more research to be conducted on calculation methods for young child when discussing the issues surrounding the…
method
Methods
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There has been some work done in resolving adequacy problems associated with generation system planning [4-6].
background
1.4 Problems Associated with Wind Power
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In (Premebida et al 2015), and in accordance with the experiments carried out in (Ullah et al 2008), exhaustive experimental results were reported for different conditions of illumination and portions (“A” and “B”), and separately for STD and EXT sequences.
result
5 Experiments and performance evaluation
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For the RNA-Seq data set the fitting parameters are p = 0.47 and PLOSGenetics | DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005613 October 23, 2015 18 / 23 s = 0.16, and for the RPF data set are p = 0.58 and s = 0.15.
method
Methods
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A similar observation was reported previously by others [14,15] who compared atypical ductal hyperplasia, DCIS and IDC and showed high degrees of similarity at the level of gene expression between these pathological stages.
result
Results and Discussion
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investing in proportionally longer reproductive tracts, resulting in positive allometry, could potentially function to enable the female greater control over fertilization under sperm competition (Birkhead 1995).
background
Discussion
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Krajcarski et al (1999) and Chiang (in press) have provided a greater understanding of the active muscular response that is responsible for maintaining stability.
background
Introduction
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Each locus was amplified using sequence-specific primers tagged with an M13 tail and a fluorescently labelled M13 primer (Schuelke 2000).
method
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The PSF for an USVA imaging system can be definded as the normalized acoustic emission produced by a unit point-target in response to the modulated radiation force [4].
background
4. Image formation in vibro-acoustography
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…effects of reinforcers and punishers using concurrent-schedule and signal-detection procedures has found stronger support for a subtractive model over an additive model (Critchfield, Paletz, MacAleese, & Newland, 2003; de Villiers, 1980; Farley, 1980; Farley & Fantino, 1978; Lie & Alsop, 2009).
method
RESULTS
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Mitochondrial mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; Wong et al., 1995; Bendotti et al., 2001; Beal, 2005; Martin, 2010a; Reddy and Reddy, 2011; Muyderman and Chen, 2014).
background
INTRODUCTION
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The receptor for advanced glycation end products—RAGE— is a multi-ligand molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (Neeper et al. 1992; Schmidt et al. 1992, 1994; Thornalley 1998; Baynes 2003).
background
Introduction
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In children with the refluxing ileal conduit acute pyelonephritis was observed in 16–22% [5, 6].
background
Discussion
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9b05f5510746491f7227e19e9485baa18151a744
…breathing test during which subjects were required to breathe at approximately 60% MVV using tidal volumes that were about 50% of VC at a breathing frequency of approximately 30 breaths/min until exhaustion (defined as inability to maintain the target ventilation) (Boutellier et al. 1992).
method
Methods
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Traditionally, octrees have been used for ray tracing [Glassner 1984; Fujimoto et al. 1986], background object collision detection [Bandi and Thalmann 1995], motion planning [Hamada and Hori 1996], and other operations which are performed on static objects.
method
2 The Dynamic Octree
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As expected, during actually executed tasks all subjects recruited a network of cortical and subcortical brain regions deputed to motor and sensory control that became more extensive in patients likely as a compensatory mechanism to maintain a normal performance despite the presence of focal and diffuse brain injury (G...
result
DISCUSSION
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infantum H-line is more susceptible to oxidative stress, and thus a change in thiol-redox metabolism in this line may explain its loss of virulence [15].
background
Introduction
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Our method does not provide absolute concentrations but only relative levels as commonly used in other lipidomics approaches (Graessler et al. 2009; Rhee et al. 2011).
background
3 Results and discussion
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In addition, EAAT2 has also been observed in microglia after facial nerve axotomy (Nakajima et al., 2001), a feature which is consistent with previous findings indicating that macrophages and microglia may acquire glutamate transporters and thus, together with astrocytes, contribute to regulate glutamate homeostasis af...
result
Discussion
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We implemented the methods described in Section 2 in C++ using SCIP [48] version 3.2 with CPLEX 12.6.1 as LP solver.
method
3. Implementation Details
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Also, functional integration abnormalities between brain areas, which are primarily reflected by the intrinsic functional connectivity, were demonstrated to be the neural basis of impaired cognition in aMCI patients (Bai et al., 2009a, 2009b; Sorg et al., 2007; Xie et al., 2012).
background
Introduction
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Following [18], denote λM = bn ∞ (9) to be the characteristic mitosis rate, λR = μγ LD −3 (10)
background
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Studies by Ross and Lindsay (1965), Sandham (1986), Horswell (1991), Hoenig and Schoener (1992), Ugar and Semb (2001), Giannakari (2004), Rajion et al. (2006), Lima et al. (2009) supported this finding and confirmed the association between upper cervical vertebral anomalies and cleft lip and/or…
result
Discussion
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For the wild-type mice, our results were in line with previous studies (Brose et al. 2016, Bazinet et al. 2005, Trepanier et al. 2017) such that CO2-induced increases A cc ep te d A rt ic le This article is protected by copyright.
result
Discussion
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Vertical orientation might lead to aggregation processes and the formation of AmB pores in the ergosterol-containing DPPC membrane (Gruszecki et al. 2002).
background
Results and discussion
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The existence of multiple PGE2 receptor subtypes, namely EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4, has been confirmed by molecular cloning [3].
background
Introduction
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Experimental conditions were the same as described elsewhere (Lee et al., 1997; Lee and Kim, 1998).
method
Experiments
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Hepatocytes were isolated from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats and adult male mice C57/BL6 wild type; C57/BL6-lpr (FAS receptor null); C57/BL6-gld (FAS ligand mutant); by the two-step collagenase perfusion technique (Kamath et al., 1999; Park et al., 2000a,b).
method
Methods
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MPDL3280A presents an engineered Fc domain capable of abrogating ADCC, by preventing the depletion of activated T cells that also express PD-L1 [149].
background
3.4.1.2. Programmed Death Receptor-1
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The aHPeV3 (A308-99) antibody was a kind gift from Dr Shimizu, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, prepared as pooled guinea pig serum (Ito et al., 2004).
method
METHODS
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The development process and functional behaviour of the cellular array was executed on an FPGA (Tufte and Haddow, 2005).
method
Experimental Setup
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Studies based on adherence to the ACS and/or the WCRF/AICR guidelines also reported that women who adhere to the guidelines were less likely to develop endometrial cancer, but these studies have also failed to provide evidence to suggest that lifestyle-related factors act jointly to influence risk of ovarian cancer [15...
method
Discussion
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Furthermore, considering that the 12.4 kb 3 enhancer expresses so uniformly in nearly all Ptf1a-expressing regions in the nervous system, it is surprising that this element expresses very sparsely in the pancreas, and even then it is not active until much later in development (Masui et al., 2008).
background
Discussion
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d9bb6f5360b6e9413e5f675d4164e29a6040a7c0
METHODS A total of 20 PD patients (response rate 71.4%; mean age 64.4 ± 11.6 years) were assessed using the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, Self Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form.
method
METHODS
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tended loop in TLR9 (10) situated between LRR1 and LRR2 that could be another lysosomal protease cleavage site(s).
background
Discussion
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Relative location deviation of filters (Ef,k[Df,k]) in CNNs that are trained for single-category classification using the Pascal VOC Part dataset [3].
background
33e6eeec4cd55d49a355d41f585e736e616105ed
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…a species-specific antibody that recognizes an extracellular epitope specifically associated with the tip and kino- cilial links of chick hair cells and the calyceal processes of photoreceptors, immunoprecipitates two proteins of 200 and 250 kDa from chicken retina (Goodyear and Richardson, 2003).
background
Results
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Cases were identified and clinical data collected through the Genetic Studies of Human Developmental Disorders at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI or the A/M Clinical Registry at the Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. Genomic DNA was extracted using the Autopure LS system (Qiagen, Valenci...
method
METHODS
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Lamellar split bone grafting The lamellar split osteotomy is a surgical technique that was developed in the late 1980s and was reported in the literature in 1990.[5,6] This technique allows changing in the position of the outer bone cortex by splitting it in situ as you would a segment of cranial bone on the back table...
background
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Moreover, our unexpected results, which did not show a decrease in microbial load but instead a tendency towards an increase, are discordant with previous studies using either qPCR [10,12] or culture methods [34,35,36,37] (Table S1).
result
Discussion
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MtrF and NGO1024 appear to be linked in a regulatory sense, in that the transcripts for these proteins are controlled directly or indirectly by at least four regulatory elements, including NrrF, Fur, and two additional transcriptional repressors, MtrR and MpeR (57, 58).
background
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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First, correlational and principal components analyses were used to examine the relationship between TVA parameters and performance on the Fixed and Ran- dom versions of the SART (Robertson et al., 1997).
method
Method
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, 2011) or enteric polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) (Miyazaki et al., 2011) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) (Friesen et al.
background
1. Introduction
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15d47a35e929ec108f47d8dcfd07b2de0c064b10
A contribution of MiRP1 to native IKr is debatable however (28, 29), and it has been suggested that MiRP1 is unlikely to associate significantly with hERG in areas of the heart outside of the conduction system (30, 31).
method
METHODS
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2008) and is involved in the inactivation of extrinsic as well as intrinsic apoptosis pathways, by interacting with pro-apoptotic proteins like p53, Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, PUMA, MSH2, MSH6 and others (Ludwig-Galezowska et al. 2011).
background
Introduction
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The adopted theoretical formulation expands on the USVA theory for two confocal beams in the case of lossless media [4,5], by also including absorption in the analytical model.
background
1. Introduction
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The feed-restricted controls were provided feed according to a pre-designed protocol based on previous data (Pohjanvirta et al., 2008) and intended to mimic the feed consumption of L–
method
Methods
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Here, we start from one of the simplest models proposed by Song et al. (2000), in which the amplitude of change in synaptic strength is not affected by baseline connection strength, called the additive-STDP model.
method
2 Methods
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Compared to an earlier in-place list reversal example [47], the proof script was about the same structure and size, 67 lines.
result
8 Case study: In-place list reversal
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The recommended diet was formulated by Excel Eiyo-kun software version 4.0–6.0 for Food Frequency Questionnaire, which analyzes each participant’s diet information collected on the Food Frequency Questionnaire Based on Food Groups version 2.0–3.5 (KENPAKUSHA, Tokyo, Japan).
method
Methods
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Although the place of SC MTX is still not clearly defined in the UK and European guidelines [1, 2, 10], recently published guidelines from the Canadian Rheumatology Association recommend that RA patients with persistent synovitis should be commenced on oral or parenteral MTX as soon as possible; for those patients with...
background
Discussion
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The method for measuring FMD has been described previously.(18) Prior to the measurement, subjects were required to fast, stop all medications, and avoid smoking, alcohol, and exercise for 12 hours.
method
Methods
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A similar increase in Zn was observed in the cortex and the hilus of the hippocampus (Table 2) and indicates that increased Zn (and not Fe or Cu) is a late-stage effect of advanced disease pathology (Religa et al., 2006).
background
Results
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2014/10/16 file: den_leon_bernoulli_final.tex date: June 3, 2015 Anh, Leonenko and Shieh (2008a,b, 2009a,b, 2010) considered multifractal products of stochastic processes as defined in Kahane (1985), Kahane (1987) and Mannersalo et al (2002).
background
1. Introduction
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3f0c74c224a01e2a17d0f1361404e6f8b575bc18
The results derived from the current study are in line with other reports suggesting a positive correlation between stress protein expression and tumor immunogenicity in rodent models [33–36].
result
Discussion
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…ranges of sensitivity estimates (Additive: 23.44 to 10.58; Subtractive: 21.95 to 8.42) were well outside the usual range of sensitivity to reinforcement estimates (a) obtained from human detection experiments which studied the effects of reinforcers alone (e.g., 20.01 to 0.58; Lie & Alsop, 2009).
background
DISCUSSION
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The results demonstrated an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in shift workers compared with day workers (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05–1.75) (Suwazono et al., 2006).
background
RESULTS
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Pretreatment of the bone samples followed a modified Longin (1971) procedure to extract collagen for 14C measurement, while pretreatment of the mollusk shells involved a 20% removal of the outer shell surface by etching in 1M HCl (Ascough et al. 2005).
method
METHODOLOGY
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NAPS2 and NAPS2 validation (NAPS2CV) cohorts have been described in detail.(1,45,52) All NAPS2
background
METHODS
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By exploiting all available links, it improves CTP [21], a reference data collection protocol, in both energy and latency [26].
background
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We have found that these social and behavioural factors are also important influences on depression among gay men attending general practice (Mao et al. 2009b).
background
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Microarray data were background corrected with the normal-exponential convolution model (48) and normalized with the quantile approach (49) using the limma R package (45).
method
Methods
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Electric fields were applied as described (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000; Petty 2000; Rosenspire et al. 2000, 2001).
method
Materials and methods
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So timely treatment of hydrosalpinx before IVF-ET could improve the outcome of IVF treatment, and reduce the incidence of HP and abortion, which had been affirmed by previous studies [16].
result
Discussion
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None
A nuclear isoform of CLU, the 49 kDa product of a variant gene transcript, has also been identified (Yang et al., 2000) and is associated with cell death, for example, following exposure to ionizing radiation (Leskov et al., 2003) or cellular Ca2þ depletion (Caccamo et al., 2005).
background
TEHILA KAISMAN-ELBAZ,1 ISRAEL SEKLER,2 DANIEL FISHMAN,1 NATALY KAROL,1 MICHAL FORBERG,1 NICOLE KAHN,1 MICHAL HERSHFINKEL,1* AND WILLIAM F. SILVERMAN1
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These policies are known to present comprehension problems to users [15, 19] and often are used to inform the interaction design for such systems, e.
background
4 Discussion
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Given that forecast uncertainty is associated with hurricane evacuation decisions, it may also 4See Kellenberg and Mobarak (2008), Bakkensen and Mendelsohn (2016) and Geiger et al. (2016) be linked with other behavioral decisions.
background
3 Damages and forecast uncertainty, is there a link?
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Hence we can directly apply a classical transfer theorem [15] to obtain the asymptotic number of closed lambda-terms with unary height at most 1, as
method
3 Toward an asymptotic analysis: jump over the radicands
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The compression of the female thorax in longitudinal direction is a general phenotype in brachypterous lepidopterans with a distinctly enlarged abdomen (Snäll et al. 2007; Wahlberg et al. 2010).
background
Discussion
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atherosclerosis, thrombosis and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)(4, 61).
background
1. INTRODUCTION
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Similar observations [56, 57] have been made in the context of SVMs and Logistic Regression (the unstructured analogues of SSVM and CRFs).
method
5. Experiments
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While divers regularly cleaned the outside, a cleaning ring was used to wipe the inside of the walls every week (Riebesell et al., 2013).
background
Experimental Design
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In order to determine the severity of ASAD, Adulthood Separation Anxiety Checklist (ASA) (Diriöz et al., 2012; Manicavasagar et al., 2003) and Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI) (Diriöz et al., 2012; Silove et al., 1993) were used.
method
2. Methods
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This observation corroborates findings from Olver & Jonker (1997) and Nir et al. (1994b), who also showed a direct relationship between the particle size of the ingredients or diet and the morphology of the digestive system.
result
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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…to regulate the release of ions and metabolites, such as ATP, from mitochondria (Colombini et al., 1996; Rostovtseva and Colombini, 1996), and recent evidence suggests that BCL-xL may also control the flux of ATP and phosphocreatine across the outer membrane (Vander Heiden et al., 2000, 2001).
background
Discussion
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a81b383bf01b572d28e1566650d938a6fe414e57
…theoretically attractive, this is practically unachievable owing to the potentially embarrassing or personal nature of reproductive studies per se (Handelsman et al., 1985), the attitudes of those seeking care (Tielemans et al., 2002) and self-selection of those who are willing to participate…
background
Introduction
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When no more new codes emerged, we moved to axial coding (Agterberg et al., 2010; Pratt et al., 2006).
method
Methodology
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Pump dislodgment or migration occurred in two patients described in a report of 13 patients with chronic pancreatitis receiving IT therapy with opioid medications either alone or in combination with nonopioid medications (40).
background
Catheter- and Pump-Related Complications
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These mice overexpress a human HO-1 transgene downstream of the α-myosin heavy chain gene promoter, which is highly active and expressed in a cardiac-restricted manner (82, 89).
background
Methods
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Baseline VO2 max estimates using treadmill protocols are comparable to bike tests and our results, and ranging from 26 ml/kg/min and 33.2 ml/kg/min (Cade, Fantry, Nabar, Shaw, & Keyser, 2003; MacArthur et al., 1993).
method
Discussion
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Of note, there are other studies showing that the mRNA level of BNP was not elevated at a compensatory hypertrophic stage, but only at a decompensated stage in Dahl salt-sensitive rats (46, 56).
result
DISCUSSION
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The PH has been identified as a “defence” area and locomotor region and is located within the anatomical boundaries of the fornix, mamillothalamic tract, and third ventricle (47, 57).
background
METHODS
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, 2015), the detected RNA corresponded to small RNAs < 200 nt according to their size distribution pattern, while in mammalian EVs RNA > 200 nt has been also detected (Valadi et al., 2007; Crescitelli et al., 2013).
background
4. Discussion
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In [22,24,25], the norms of all singular values were quantized and used in the watermark embedding process.
method
2.2 SVD-based audio watermarking
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This approach is consistent with the client-centered counseling model advocated by the CDC (Kamb et al., 1998).
result
DISCUSSION
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…2009; Volkers et al., 2010), transposition of insertion sequences has been associated with adaptation towards high physiological stress in E. coli, such as osmolarity (Stoebel et al., 2009), metal-limiting conditions (Chou et al., 2009) and nutrient limiting conditions (Gaff e et al., 2011).
background
Results and discussion
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rPhl p 6251, a fusion protein [16] consisting of the four major timothy grass pollen allergens (Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, Phl p 6), as well as recombinant allergens (rBet v 1, rPhl p 1, rPhl p 2, rPhl p 5, rPhl p 6, rPhl p 12) were obtained from Biomay (Vienna, Austria).
method
Methods
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Our results are in keeping with the findings of Nishikawa et al [24] and suggest that the prophylactic phenylephrine infusion may be considered relatively safe with respect to its effect on hypertension and bradycardia despite the use of a high cumulative dose at the infusion rate of 100 μg/min.
result
4. Discussion
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Animals received either vascular occlusion (PM) for 15 min, or they underwent a standardized 2/3 liver resection (LR; left-lateral and median lobe) as described by Higgins and Andersson [17] or a combination of both procedures (PM + LR).
method
Experimental design
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On the other hand, most of the proteomics studies reported in the literature have been rested upon discrimination of meat tenderness only on the basis of Wbs (which is evaluated as the maximum shear force necessary to cut the meat perpendicular to the fibers) [2,10,19,21].
background
4384 J O U R N A L O F P R O T E O M I C S 7 5 ( 2 0 1 2 ) 4 3 8 1 – 4 3 9 8
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The spatiotemporal model is well supported because similar spatiotemporal networks are inferred in real fMRI data whether using spatial or temporal independent component analysis (ICA) (Calhoun et al., 2009), general linear model (GLM), seed-based (Whitfield-Gabrieli et al.
background
Introduction
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anthracis phage conferring resistance to the soil antibiotic fosfomycin [46], a genotypically modified derivative of B.
background
Introduction
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In contrast to that observed for InlA-mediated uptake of L. monocytogenes (Bonazzi and Cossart, 2006), inhibition of caveolin-1 had little effect on rOmpB-mediated invasion of HeLa cells.
result
Discussion
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