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Recently, peptide fragmentation with tandem mass spectrometry parallel to the standardized MALDI-TOF-MS has emerged as an additional tool which provides enhanced capabilities for peptide sequencing directly from samples such as nervous tissues or even single cells of invertebrates, including those of insects (e.g., Yew... | background | INTRODUCTION | b9bc88506957ee7c56e46de875815639b1ccff44 | ea0ad8fe2c9125fcb0807b5efcd605cb02c3c402 |
For example, Brelin et al. (2005) showed that individuals within a population of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) were bimodally divergent in behaviour and sympathetic reactivity. | method | Introduction | 5de8cb43d00b045c3ca3cececc79e3b87b820c73 | 8d43013622cb37c4089ad8e664829d1fc1958fe2 |
Granule cell dispersion is a characteristic structural abnormality in temporal lobe epilepsy (Houser, 1990). | background | Discussion | fd954be600a25a685dece1dd7118035e270ffc7a | 13d455598df90628864bca0122480b04a8879ac6 |
Some previous studies reported temporal and spatial variations of gaseous and particulate matter pollutants in China (Chai et al., 2014; Chen and Xie, 2014; Han et al., 2009; Johansson et al., 2007; Karar et al., 2006; Lewne et al., 2004; Li et al., 2014; Martini et al., 2015; Meng et al., 2009;… | background | 1. Introduction | 1c35754e745402d9c659a15ee856528931bfb111 | 0369b5e89be7ebb5643b67901b848c3b95ced003 |
Thirty-six peptides with lengths of 9–10mers were designed based on Malaysian circulating DENV strains, using two major histocompatibility complex ligands and peptide motifs databases; SYFPEITHI [17] or RANKPEP [18] (Table S1). | method | Methodology | ea59ded2e8a461aa6f1c876696dc95c305edcf75 | e9ffbef45a5ca47ae332b3e661748b95b8b963b3 |
(28) for selecting k, as given by Items (5,2) in Table 3, which are improved variants of Item (5,1), previously proposed for RBF net with empirical learning (Xu, 1998a). | background | 3. Gaussian mixture and Gaussian mixture-of-experts | 1c6b446bc13a454686b6c3872a78fa9c0760677b | 815bd94807ff43a3f3a4f361e5b21e3f7a63556d |
…time constants of 280 ns and 300ms led to a unidirectional model of the early photocycle with two different hK states:
hR1 hn ¡ hKE ¡ hKL ¡ hL ¡ · · ·¡ hR
The hKE (early K) and hKL (late K) states were named by analogy with the substates of the early bR photocycle (Dioumaev and Braiman, 1997b). | background | INTRODUCTION | 24fe18db8ad1c3b1d77a73b1fea0f9a471434bf7 | 57220e5e1106b295bab12105c79f6307ab220e0f |
…(Figure 4C, left graph, and Figure 4—figure supplement 1), resembling the effect of disrupting mitochondrial fission due to the depletion of Drp1 or INF2 from cells (Bleazard et al., 1999; Labrousse et al., 1999; Wakabayashi et al., 2009; Korobova et al., 2013, 2014; Hatch et al., 2014). | background | Results | 929a7548464ce1d9d785abbe35da34842c0133e6 | 21096eb950bdff77308ad3924d69b681589bdc91 |
For example, most of the marine species that had been subdivided by lower sea levels around the Florida Peninsula still show a strong signal of regional structure, indicating that migration over long distances is insufficient to mix haplotype lineages among populations (Avise, 2000). | background | 4.2. Origins of deep separations between mtDNA lineages | 694762ca910ab64450b5854391312f89f2deb7d8 | a370dfc6a84c8cbdee465e609b50ed61a97d6aea |
For the historical data, intra-individual median LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, and HbA1c were used, and the CV of HbA1c (ratio of intrapersonal HbA1c standard deviation [SD]/mean HbA1c) was utilized as a measure of historical HbA1c variability (Waden et al., 2009). | method | 2.4. Laboratory data | 755177f27b38fe0890c951162b56e4b5c3c87fe6 | a2704534f558ba4b1fcf7415ea00a3b0bf899841 |
In accordance with previous studies (Haas et al., 2002; Houser, 1990) a GCL width of 160 μmandmorewas considered as GCD. | result | Tissue preparation | fd954be600a25a685dece1dd7118035e270ffc7a | 13d455598df90628864bca0122480b04a8879ac6 |
In the case of aversion towards ambiguity, the observed decrease in reservation value is similar to that in Nishimura and Ozaki (2007). | result | 3. A REAL OPTION TO INVEST UNDER CHOQUET-BROWNIAN AMBIGUITY | aa2cd9d04362b7c84602e3fd6b0b0d91b945fb87 | 932de154c10090d21334811fd0b867ebb9d9dcff |
Hence, the lethality associated with mutations at the locus was suggested to be due to reduction in wg signaling (Haerry et al. 1997). | background | Results | 7a9bf55cf151a07a0ca8237e765ba0d1412c73ee | e232a3393e6366652d41b8619b6ffd7b240194e3 |
…of non-genic SNPs. Gene classes were defined according to PharmaADME core list and related gene list (pharmaADME.org), CYP genes metabolizing primarily exogenous or endogenous substrates were defined based on information from the literature (Nebert and Russell 2002; Guengerich 2003; Thomas 2007). | background | Methods | faed1a633204b8a669a44574338d395a767b16bf | 20aaeabedd9dc0a949850860e904d128405234f8 |
The recovered parameters (Chapter 2) were in
142
accordance with those recovered from midazolam and testosterone hydroxylation in single HIM donors (Paine et al., 2004). | method | METHODS | b8f6cd2d1deef9e8f2daf96cc87d589909784343 | 8bea37c029f5e8a29e0855037ac8d96c1510e72f |
Our approach uses XML [15] to describe accurately multi-level SLAs, as well as to share them among different members of the CloudLend network unambiguously, without the need for any data conversion. | method | B. Game theory-based SLA negotiation | bbcd2956f6a94ba54852a1e7205cde66779bb79e | b6b52abae729bb7cc909d0378230f9d1158ad303 |
Studies have shown that response times are faster on trials when there is an expectation of a reward than on trials when there is none (Murray et al. 2008; Pessiglione et al. 2006), reflecting an increased motivation to obtain rewards. | background | Introduction | bd77af08d98bb7afb4a6e30e6eb0f6a1b6284704 | 5350e08f303ab094a28dd8b0faa2c4ed683c55b5 |
Wand and Weber [15,16,27] have extended an ontology presented by Bunge [28], and applied it to the modelling of information systems. | background | 3.1. The Bunge–Wand–Weber Ontology | 8c8a85cfb87618bddbd639110bb07c47b5f6c0a1 | 08ac591d417dc808c35e64106983034f9100ac4d |
Just by being present in the anemone nonbreeders are potential competitors for reproduction, and they must do something to mitigate this effect given that breeders can evict them (Buston 2003a). | background | Discussion | ec895429daeec3e37d531a6dbbc0d9b83947d19b | e69c9d7bf9bb5f5c6e6fffb27630bbe831a7b833 |
Adipocyte diameter measurements were performed using Image Pro imaging software (Media Cybernetics, Bethesda, MD), as recently described (16). | method | METHODS | d1a1adb53b1d270d52766e0c606ef4f52bd6e4b7 | ece01265f54abff2a57104c46dbc4d522ea3da36 |
In addition, consistent with the result of our preclinical study, recent clinical study showed that alectinib was also highly active against ALK-positive NSCLC patients after treatment with crizotinib [21]. | result | Discussion | e3626a083c453ec6c7f720866c890e9dfb6ea76f | None |
…is most likely long lived as the short-
term (cosmogenic nuclide) erosion rates are within the range of long-term (thermochronometry) rates, suggesting that there has been no significant change in exhumation rates in the past few million
years (Safran et al. 2005, 2006; Wittmann et al. 2009). | background | Discussion | 636476286d6a98b5f782732d169bf431fec94b7f | 2fe7a659d8ce9e6f024cebdf27511c8355c6ec10 |
When we combine the results of these two studies in pancreatic and gastric cancer patients, we can say that HDL and PON1 levels are lower in cancer patients than in control subjects (Akcay et al., 2003a,b). | result | DISCUSSION | 03ce72a187020ea5e838d6210c37fbe64deaec8c | 51ebbdc8514153a9594ce6fe40dbb1391541e6d8 |
The magnitude of muscle hypertrophy can be variable between-individual components of a muscle group (Narici et al., 1989, 1996; Housh et al., 1992; Norrbrand et al., 2008). | background | Introduction | 8e8ebc082592e5f8a730aa8be1fc277304a4904d | 306162a897125aff076a682d474579337c6b14a7 |
The circulating HA has also been found to facilitate cancerous cells to escape the immune surveillance [7], and reduce the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, including doxorubicin, and mitomycin C [10]. | background | Introduction | 0aed965c7237c6199cec304ec985efcf6753e152 | f26a94e01c0f635d45f74121cbf9059a7201c81a |
c-Jun-N-Terminal inhibitory kinase JIK and TRAF2 to the stimulated ER stress sensor IRE-1, where TRAF2 can activate ASK-1, an upstream activating kinase of JNK (2) activation of caspase 12, which is released from its | background | Discussion | 1018733c13700e039e70f5508b04176d4c2930b2 | a2824b5a2959a6c6c5d9e2c10c489e108d33566d |
…are in line with previous research on the use of referential expressions in narratives, which showed similar variations in the use of referential forms linked to different moments or discourse stages (e.g., Van der Lely, 1997; Colle et al., 2008; Hendriks et al., 2014; Contemori and Dussias, 2016). | result | Effects of Discourse Stages on Adjustment of Reference Markers | ed60fe5cf0b2947f812a3d19d533d0f644b67b0d | 5af4e6e8d6e7a25cb37a9d52e87a1f28b4464e04 |
Our results suggest that the attractiveness genes may express not only during sexual maturation and reproduction but also during earlier life and their expression has antagonistic effects during the early stage [23, 46]. | background | Discussion | 42b8454ffc2344adf306a78f63dac60d55332922 | 022c262594ba6a8afcbab63b67a2f50e8a38814a |
Specifically, it appears that Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs), especially as expressed by cold tropical temperatures during the La Niña phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have the most direct influence, with Atlantic Ocean SSTs perhaps having an indirect influence through dynamic effects on the a... | background | Results and discussion | a6841e7193671126d4ecbe3d6a4dc3e484f345af | 8c0040b80eb3457cf1aaef9d522637f295db3251 |
There may be many reasons for this bias, not all intentional, but bias can also be indirect, unintentional and ambivalent (Snowden, 2003). | background | RESULTS | 5a400a46c6a3fb93f82b82bb96ba81f17d1ae514 | a92c0ea977d22215f515e12a49c9fb58948748ad |
” This is a highly reliable prognostic marker in colorectal cancer and is currently being investigated for use in other tumor types [24, 28, 29]. | background | Background | dbda2b32dd5eb3e63c96243d0a81c7d9248bf2b9 | a6574ccbb62b943a2f199be5a196161a5d345610 |
8 illustrates a summary for the comparison with the existing bit-split string matching approaches described in [8], [10], and [4]. | background | 4.3 Comparison to Existing Bit-Split String Matching Approaches | 026b7cae6eb1dfa570ddc4100135ff7b5023b6de | 0b29c289bc5f0fa7e51090d1ad00654754b68b94 |
Previous studies applying the Quadruple Process model to the IAT, however, have yielded equivocal results (10, 27, 28). | result | Discussion | 2db502a1791b1c206ca697bb5b19bd847de24783 | b87f47ac36c34b83173b2aa1269e79e3ae8c0f11 |
In particular, controllers for flying robots have taken inspiration from pheromone communication in ants (Hauert et al., 2008; Kuiper and Nadjm-Tehrani, 2006; Sauter et al., 2005), flocking by birds (Basu et al. | background | 17.4 Collective Behaviours | ee07dc6478c8399acbd07ec4a6d4c1fd5d17e455 | 028fcece1dd0472dbe12dc00ac3f77161643b98b |
TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7-like-2) has been previously linked to T2D, and has been cited as one of the most important signals associated with T2D [51]. | background | Discussion | 2e56164942c6844c544c0773b05e8e035b58aaf5 | 84148a13cce6d42b7cff6040965cc77bccff1c9f |
Then there have been a wide range of research covering a variety of different schemes for undeniable signatures over the past 15 years [7, 1, 9, 8, 19, 14, 18, 25, 4, 17, 16, 22, 3, 26, 27]. | background | 1.1 Background | 34a5688f1fb07bda52342ecb51a6bc1d5da0f909 | eb2ed0699f6e28f394d8d14e78baf83f50ce5aa7 |
To train the model, we optimize cross-entropy loss with stochastic gradient descent using minibatched backpropagation through time (BPTT; Rumelhart et al., 1988; Mikolov, 2012); the minibatch size for BPTT, again tuned on the dev set, is set to 9. | method | 3 Experiments | f5d93f0b6d77e2681072e0bd79735a3b0c457c1b | 052b1d8ce63b07fec3de9dbb583772d860b7c769 |
Cognitive impairment is common to both disorders after onset but the magnitude of the impairment seems greater in schizophrenia than in bipolar disorder (22). | background | Introduction | b87242f0262d3ac76b06653bd65a45f0db715378 | cda133c0f0a8581bb534615bf683d34479142cd6 |
Its work has been published in a number of journals and at several international conferences ([2], [3], [4]). | background | 1. Background | 4a0ef771d5f2859e668d3acbc4814bb463a6a308 | 9b32cabcb6efa967496e7b872a3aed3aa6694ea2 |
ygenase gene, behaved the same way as when challenged with 4-CP (Nordin et al. 2005), i. | background | Results | 1f67735acd308c13fc4225265d6fae0d38561a4c | 09e94bf6d4c553a350b6c501912f47e526c9bd17 |
The development of mathematical models for evolution of primary quantities of interest in bioreactor systems, as well as their incorporation into the design process, have the potential to accelerate the path to realization of optimal functional outcomes in engineered tissues; see [1] for a review of modeling approaches... | method | 1. Introduction | e766dafdbb3c34b757e25411cdea417cc5c1f0b3 | 4a3e37d3e6349fd4d6fe9662d3d45bf4152d89ce |
Previous work [8, 2, 11] has demonstrated that a lowdimensional subspace can accurately capture the variation in images of a face resulting from arbitrarily complex variations in illumination. | background | 4. Linear Subspaces | 9983cb9a683f30df0452003cf3068895e4961996 | 2ad0ee93d029e790ebb50574f403a09854b65b7e |
There exist some other techniques for controlling multivariate processes, such as multi-way PCA [7] (Louwerse and Smilde, 2000) and multi-way PLS [8] (Nomikos and MacGregor, 1995), the application of them is to reducing the dimensionality of the variable space for a multivariate process. | method | 1. Introduction | d2e2854d3b7417a16da74b4154dc8cde3e8ba780 | 21bb8904e306be3c773b6d23f138f5d0419f7db5 |
PtdIns(3,4)P2 was demonstrated to have a higher affinity for Akt than PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, (14), and in accordance with this finding, several studies have shown that reduction of SHIP2 activity may result in decreased, rather then increased, Akt activity, leading to reduced proliferation and enhanced cell death (15,24). | result | DISCUSSION | 8f02c1345e439fc7f6afc787d780053543b016b1 | 80d06391c1e0cec51257b89d31b656ad268cc2e5 |
gondii, or in mice that coxsackievirus-B3-induced viral myocarditis (20, 21, 34). | background | DiscUssiOn | 489a1ce077681e7614c79c4f3380050bc031c7fa | 1e9bad5044514deb8e2c82c221c9dbc5007139c0 |
It has been postulated that the latter is related to the long evolution of an ACP that leads to a scarring stage [3]. | background | Introduction | ce1e8a58d414724e9c73a7d152ef3242903925bf | 2b5e5d9dc90e959e3e2b00cb1de475864931b827 |
…leaf litter were transferred into scintillation vials and stored in a solution of ethanol/formalin (70 %/10 % volume,
which minimized mass loss; Leuven et al. 1985; von Schiller and Solimini 2005) until later identification (generally genus or species level; Tachet et al. 2000; Vieira-Lanero… | method | Methods | e37ab67abffcb65deb4821c3bc5aa4a1bf687f4d | 5ade47c39c6d358d3cf741dec92ca027ae22e8c6 |
SphK1 inhibition, on the other hand, induces ceramide production and cancer cell apoptosis [30]. | background | Results | 30377db1a691d7481f098f28de925719526430e4 | 24edb0c67a2c99dd5ff01fab5ef0be02b568652b |
The basic SH3-binding motif 163PPSP165 of human securin locates at the C-terminal region of the protein (UniProt: O95997) and can be elongated to an extended motif 163PPSPVK168, which belongs to the class II SH3 binding motif (PxxPx+, where + refers to a positively charged residue) (12). | background | 23ab707d609c1b26ae64bbd3f5921073d1561f8d | bf67c223bad17925756a915a501ab598848c39af | |
Isolation of cardiomyocytes by standard enzymatic techniques and patch-clamp recordings were performed as described previously [42]. | method | Methods | c1c4cb5b8fdf568de98c2f0fbbc667562f458ed8 | bbf3287138239e1d0c8aefb40e60e5810b6f45df |
Since it has been shown that this modification reduces the binding activity of annexin [8], and also, that all four domains present in anxA5 are necessary for optimal binding affinity [9], it is important to ensure that the binding properties of anxA5 are not impaired by these reactions. | background | Background | a1df6be2cf362d4be9559efea470703271f1e02d | 985c6d809fe71241f618f3b93034efcab6b398e1 |
Traumatic events were assessed using the WMH version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Version 3.0, a fully structured diagnostic interview administered by trained lay interviewers [21], which includes a screen for traumatic events as part of the module for the diagnosis of PTSD. | method | Methods | a40654d381a626c0669bdd1146020312187951bf | 9f7b5fe450a3330c8d6390a0dcaac82cde3ec83a |
Then, we compare the proposed TTGP method with SVI-GP (Hensman et al. (2013)) on regression tasks and KLSP-GP (Hensman et al. | method | 4 Experiments | 4fb5be37a1884b0e6950f7a259fcb35d6b8bb77a | d8321c6d9f8ab23cab2f104b692016279926567c |
Along these zones, actin filaments polymerize, providing the force needed for constriction that floppy ER tubules lack (Korobova et al., 2013, 2014; Hatch et al., 2014). | background | Introduction | 929a7548464ce1d9d785abbe35da34842c0133e6 | 21096eb950bdff77308ad3924d69b681589bdc91 |
The reasons for excluding the toxic endpoints of necrotizing enterocolitis and ROP are that necrotizing enterocolitis and other GI toxicities were proven not to be associated with INDO dose or concentrations [24], and the association of ROP [20] was speculative given the secondary analysis and different treatment popul... | background | Methods | 679eba4c17861a696d98990eb47cc858c608f8b6 | e468a076d412ec523fe3ad088643b1352d42b2bf |
PX-FERM proteins can then interact with NPxY/NxxY motif containing cargo, and also PDZ binding motif (PDZbm) cargo in the case of SNX27, at the early endosomal membrane (Balana et al., 2011; Bottcher et al., 2012; Cai et al., 2011; Ghai et al., 2013; Ghai et al., 2011; Hayashi et al., 2012; Joubert et al., 2004; Knauth... | background | INTRODUCTION | b603e41fe01e780dc3320ff0245005e193afe17e | fa7c45877a011892020fb5362cef514266ec8802 |
Interestingly, actin assembly was also recently revealed to take place at the interior of forming autophagosomes, and to be dependent on the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P; Mi et al., 2015). | background | INTRODUCTION | 4b7fb669b26ad84ad0e373d2f86c092e4d484de0 | cac61585d7387b0bc03739e06a69413021094014 |
Finally, MG624 (a selective antagonist for the chick a7 homomeric receptor) binds the chick a7 subtype with a Ki of 106 nM (Gotti et al., 1998; Maggi et al., 1999), but the Ki of its binding to native a6 receptors is 40 times higher. | method | Discussion | cbe1906c0fc144ebab335fd5f500e992fad2ef23 | f4a69c4c77a4edd25149a431c68db51f8102a2a4 |
The mouse neuronal hybrid cell line MN-1 was cultured and transfected as previously described (Drews et al. 2005), using 50 ng of test plasmid, 10 ng of control plasmid (pRLSV40, Promega), and the Fugene 6 transfection reagent (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Indianapolis, IN). | method | 50 RACE | 2417526934446d81023af49f27bb7f52044bcb78 | 73f36294b5992a53e4f075e384fe30a13c629bb4 |
This quiescence of tSCs was surprising because they are normally activated and extend processes when nerve contact is lost (Reynolds and Woolf, 1992; Son and Thompson, 1995b). | background | Results | c699aa4dd0ed83783c22909d0324f57f2151538b | 9abc09423aa2d8ada2027e28470d963afc183287 |
3B), MBD1–3 and MBD5–6 act as two independent structural units and the orientation of MBD1-3 agrees with the data from recent small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments (Yu et al. 2017b). | background | MBD | 4cdc8a32a8cdd080ba4cc64657934782ec154553 | 641a2907c5e94d88c60daed34f72b724719cca55 |
This observation is highly interesting in light of the known prosurvival effect of sCLU (51) and the fact that high levels of gastrin over prolonged time periods, hypergastrinemia, is known to have a trophic effect on the gastric mucosa (59). | background | RESULTS | 5d70d9f5c4ebb8bcde3445f76c901b9661d0f629 | 162e7d9dd03d2091f6849727ebbd5ce208d0eea2 |
Frequently, a Vincentizing procedure is used to construct group RT distributions from individual RT distributions (Ratcliff, 1979; Van Zandt, 2000). | method | Method | 412d9a9cf5175ebce331fa4104654680b41e9507 | a0f203cd873ec6306564173364c1dfd69af8fa6a |
In many documents in medical literature (e.g. MEDLINE), one can find the elements of the PICO structure, but rarely explicitly annotated (Dawes et al., 2007). | background | 1 Introduction | 22cf6a1f456868c3851383052dd4d42aa9c9c937 | de84f9979fb908b028f0b3c5d1b53e201f0db12e |
Cell–cell contacts are formed at the adherens junctions (AJs) by intercellular Ca-dependent E-cadherin homodimer formation (Vleminckx and Kemler 1999; Miyoshi and Takai 2005). To assay for the explression of E-cadherin by rat PT cells, immunofluorescence distribution of the protein was investigated on confluent monolay... | background | 0ebb754e982cfbea4340ebe1221b3d6804d9e709 | 48853d71ecf88b9341e448e130d36562470a1ae4 | |
…reportedly have bacterial activity which could justify their relevance in treatment of TB. Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Rutaceae families have also been mentioned by several authors to be most used by local communities (Ugulu et al., 2009; Ssegawa and Kasenene, 2007; Yineger and Yewhalaw, 2007). | method | 3. Methods | f1a57109ad8d40a4dab4e94af86ee706cd00f2ce | b3744e89f5964baa772ee692a1035f7ae0e72268 |
There exists a deadlock in the system when there is a set of processes waiting for resources held by other processes in the same set [15]. | background | 1. Introduction | e2b1971d1c50117549c1e2d2f2b5cc3c395120c9 | 260b50bf2bbd82e8c80acc4c0ebc73ecbd0279af |
…note, our results indicate disrupted fiber integrity (FA decreases) and disrupted tissue microstructures (MD increases) in schizophrenia that concur with results of previous histopathologic studies where abnormalities in oligodendrocyte function have been reported [Uranova et al., 2001, 2004]. | result | DISCUSSION | a426b3750fc9c230a0c2911bf62d652f469e9304 | 07efd96b3eddb849248a95eebd99fb9a467a610f |
…FAST2 o form an ARF (Chen et al., 1997; Labbé et al., 1998; Zhou et al., 1998) which acts as a transcriptional activator to regulate gene expression (Liu et al., 1997; Labbé et al., 1998; reviewed in Attisano and Wrana, 1998; Kretzschmar and Massagué, 1998; Heldin et al., 1997; Whitman, 1998). | background | Mechanism of Smad2 Dominant-Negative Activity | 55d86ed897941ed6c0ff6f57a0217361b0cf6b11 | e5695692c9a5e0b064dcc27627f425d91fcefb0d |
[19] System Task support, tools Older adults Location, activities Sensors, camera, GPS User-based, route, interface, content Concept | method | 85035f50d541e8bab3b47bb73ed97e535d37d3ea | 65b6c411cef8ec9e6b5f71bfd78db1a0feae3d16 | |
In contrast, in newly formed CNV lesions, significant leakage may have been evident on angiography but minimal fluid may have accumulated within or below the retina as a result of compensatory removal of fluid by a still relatively functional RPE [14]. | background | Discussion | c4f4a8915532830d49bd693083e3e9afb89cbf33 | 69576823e24b4f03527b545bccdd495468a0deb4 |
We then apply PVI to three probabilistic models: the Dirichlet process mixture model (DPMM; Antoniak, 1974; Escobar and West, 1995; Fearnhead, 2004), the infinite HMM (iHMM; Beal et al., 2002; Teh et al., 2006), and the Ising model. | method | 6 Experiments | 324aaf2d779747646355f145ffdb248907117c8e | 8ac68253bda08dc451d82f29e447341abf5ea9a3 |
Most animal and plant D-type cyclins have the amino acid motif LxCxE near their amino terminus which is required for binding to the RBR protein (Ewen et al. 1993; Soni et al. 1995; Menges et al. 2007). | background | Discussion | bd51b37b0a1c520f0463535e63232e9336cf0a90 | da0746558cecaad6681c199c44b8ed7d128848e5 |
Another population of Astyanax eigenmanniorum, from Caetano stream, Uberlandia/MG, analyzed by Torres-Mariano and Morelli (2008), showed a formula of 14m + 18sm + 10st + 6a, constituted by a greater number of meta- and submetacentric chromosomes (32), compared with the results obtained in this… | result | DISCUSSION | 55983bf759eab57584fb41dabd4f958fc8805df1 | 88ec359f23e0eb6a62b68128e59a6e3934349b23 |
Existing complexity measures for concurrent algorithms typically consider the worst case [1, 3], and in rare instances the best case [4, 10], when estimating the number of steps required for an operation executed by a process to terminate. | background | 1. Introduction | 1d0cf93bf7fdfa7065cd8a6f19b6e076c42d1435 | d276691324dfb0a264433c98e4a2e2262eefa34f |
Identity begins to take shape during adolescence, but, with the incorporation of new life experiences, is continually modified throughout adulthood (McLean, 2008). Theories of identity maintain that individuals engage in particular actions to confirm their own identities and that social role expectations are internaliz... | background | 191c39c62582891a2566b06bc3c1d88ea472c581 | 81652485e54c489c5d106d278ae28a6c784992c8 | |
…high mean concentration of Fe in leafy green plants was lower than the concentrations (140, 292.35 and 601.9 mg/kg) obtained by Brar et al. (2000) in India; Yadav et al. (2013) in India; and Al-Jaboobi et al. (2014) in Morocco for leafy green plants irrigated with groundwater, respectively. | result | Results and discussion | a987290394cf4476ea4f55f3f7bb427ff5cebf34 | 0c610357d8682ecc3239863bf0ccf9c8d9090381 |
The present experiment also calculated sensitivity by using the modified Davison and Tustin (1978) equations proposed by Lie and Alsop (2007; 2009). | method | DISCUSSION | 0e6ddb7d089493b2deba4ce844d50b54e2b023d4 | 66cb6767c5ae25fa1177b12774cd506b8e9699ad |
Fish abundance at each site was estimated using multiple-pass depletion methods (Hayes et al. 2007), val- | method | Methods | 48bf2cf9811847b4ae710280dc1fc17278d632af | f5df19d630d43a1ec4f2e343c710e000ae855183 |
However, the scores from the max may be incomparable, and are often calibrated on a validation set to increase performance (Platt, 1999; Lin et al, 2007). | method | 3 Methodology | 391fb47efd6bcd2f1c0331f6333951ef167bc24a | 35e5b98e4a8040a2f828105bac348812bea5fcfd |
As in our recent works [24, 29, 31], we consider the following potential [44, 45] with a Cα chain representation and favorable pairwise native-centric interactions: | background | 2.1. Native-centric Gō-like constructs | 41829c1384f0a89af374c23946e7dd8b8a13276a | 0b667601f8bcb172baac53194e2e480aeb798fef |
Background It is estimated that, at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, more than 10 % of patients have one or two risk factors for foot disease, such as peripheral neuropathy (PN) or peripheral vascular disease (PVD) [1]. | background | 46a958eac10a8786975ed6b853401d2433a43252 | 978b56b8515e4806e17e5423ae389b9f9fbe0332 | |
Ten years after the relevant work of Kozlowski et al., young post-communist democracies would appear to be incapable of defying this deeply rooted scientific/technical model. In a much more recent study, Vinkler (1998) encounters similar conducts in a comparison of Western Europe, the USA and Japan, with the scientific... | result | Discussion | b8c33373f52ff7a709adb570518a91323e3a6dcc | 89572f6ef4aeafabe21f2fdcda407ccdd678df7f |
Genes coding for proteins with the GG(D/E)EF and E(A/V)L sequence motifs were identified with PSI-BLAST [38] using reference sequences available at NCBI Gene Entrez [39] [See Additional file 1], against the three K. pneumoniae genomes. | method | Methods | 1009d0f249e8359e66c8705c8e935edb6f4b808c | 3b0c44b7324de5aaaabcbdeda394aa6307c2fa70 |
This indicates that instabilities similar to those observed in the maize MuDR sequence (Hershberger et al. 1991) do not occur in the case of the rice OsMu element. | method | Discussion | 3c10b1d4bd3a3bb986d9102701bc3a2f4cffb9f5 | 15697a7de3bbc3ba838a8ee9879a7cc76e2e3fda |
Table 2: Per-class and average F1 scores (in %) of the models on the KITTI dataset (Ros et al. 2015; Kundu et al. 2014) | background | 06fb6be00b43ea9426f9fedb5bd819d3623c2f63 | 005cb5959175e4501dd5ddc96a22780788a9b219 | |
Oxidative stress present in insulin resistant obese subjects may worsen the angiotoxicity of homocysteine thus increasing the risk of arteriosclerosis [8, 9]. | background | Discussion | 601e3cc86fd0d0071a89cfd3173883f1c69dfb69 | 7889c9d6699535681ff7832fc0099477f822949a |
from the local row bu er (read or write), and iii) clearing the local row bu er (precharging) [14, 37, 38, 66, 76, 77, 78]. | background | 1. Introduction | df63fdb20669a8b7d3ba7dafebf75b9a94d7ba46 | 4390f4a06a036b8f04cbb4fe7611fa5af9492797 |
D and 3-CB has been confirmed (Kasberg et al., 1995; Laemmli et al., 2000, 2004; Pérez-Pantoja et al., 2000; Plumeier et al., 2002). | background | INTRODUCTION | 93e38efe04ee23555acc5e37f1ae40352ef65ae2 | d11042c59e5e425e34cffd83d1e2904bcc05d31c |
Since 2000, arctic ground squirrel populations in the boreal forest have remained low and in some locations have been extirpated (Gillis et al. 2005; Donker and Krebs 2011). | background | Introduction | 7ad0af58892ab0248c046627d2e343882c5abf39 | 93504374d942ba75b7ebb8a5087c6cf9ee0ff6e6 |
The first-round PCR products were used directly in a second round of PCR using primers 2B and F (Hatada et al., 2010; Shibata et al., 2007; Yoshimura et al., 2006, 2010b) for gp120, IN 2F (59-CTGGCATGGGTACCAGCACACAA-39) and IN 2R (39-CCTAGTGGGATGTGTACTTCTGAACTTA-39) for IN, and IN 2F and F for… | method | METHODS | ca8f30847c352f8f3031e9d868c02572007edeaf | 95dfdcbd896381256d8da84e81f8a9d9db8d7db4 |
This explanation is consistent with the observation that Swiss mice were unable to respond to surgical removal of some of their mammary tissue by elevation of milk production in the remaining tissue (Hammond et al., 1996) which is also consistent with the peripheral limitation hypothesis. | result | RESULTS | 062a50f458b97b833ba4543900a3e5da6bc5c956 | 5fe3d50dc8e23da35efe84f2436d56900dbb6f65 |
A method based on optimizing the training data likelihood, such as Morfessor (Creutz and Lagus, 2002; Creutz and Lagus, 2007; Virpioja et al., 2013), ensures that common phenomena are modeled more accurately, for example by using full forms for highly-frequent words even if they consist of multiple morphemes. | method | 1 Introduction | 6e193cfc21b619d0044200e7ccc658ffa5d2ea69 | 5c71a835e13a834cbe8f1241159a7237b820dc92 |
Poincaré plots were constructed from the R–R interval data for each participant (Carrasco et al. 2001). | method | Methods | afac59ae3a303e8d017a7293d5eaeace280a8801 | 77f88d0c529b9c1cec264cf28edb1a9f1685d502 |
in the contractile apparatus and the receptors, extracellular matrix protein deposition, and fibrosis in the smooth muscle cells [6–8]. | background | Introduction | d05abf0de6905770482c599534bae0770d2e7e76 | 9ba309c3e00feb748ba77b4a78b3483f360df8a0 |
responsible on their own, and consider policy intervention a more effective solution (Chatterji and Listokin, 2007; Fleming and Jones, 2013; Karnani, 2007). | background | DISCUSSION, LIMITATIONS AND CONCLUSION | 2594d5a4fe56fd16b141fc870ffa202daee78435 | 14ae303b271f189e54ef5089b7b2d9dd22d54ce0 |
[17] and earlier studies, that there is indeed an active (transcellular) component to oxalate absorption in the large intestine and this is represented by DRA. | background | Intestinal oxalate absorption | 27ea0aa5f8d3e1dc7c449aceef59524dd32307b5 | 21cc7a2a24c33fe78ab21acf5ea2d548fa11b0d3 |
Unfortunately slight misinferences in the orientation of SNPs would artificially increase the amount of high frequency derived alleles (Williamson et al., 2005; Eyre-Walker et al., 2006). | background | 1.4.4 Potential biases in genome wide scans for adaptive evolution | 1e415b3e63eb79e2617d1a74e77d52ed0bde7fc4 | 81521381109ea793b8caa71149c7f1bc9785b084 |
Glucose uptake was assessed in intact soleus muscle, a small thin slow-twitch muscle, incubated without or with insulin (60 nmol/l) as described previously [22]. | method | Methods | 7a62751d9e386a3b92b2cb85e1c02eaa0692d7e6 | 708fcea4c3490059f8c5d397167684e405901b62 |
Furthermore, microsatellite instable (MSI) colorectal cancers generally have a better prognosis and relatively rarely metastasize, yet around 5% of metastatic colorectal cancers are MSI (12). | background | Cancer Heterogeneity and Its Origins | c3f76c39ebe5b3147f687aa6054000c709b5c4ea | b8fd2a3899852fe17edba6a58e412b5bd49dc2d6 |
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