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Many recent articles have discussed the findings that support or undermine the autoimmunity hypothesis (Kierszenbaum 1986, 1999, 2003, 2005; Eisen and Kahn 1991; Avila 1992; Fernandez et al. 1992; Kalil and CunhaNeto 1996; Brener and Gazzinelli 1997; Andrade 1999; Soares et al. 2001; Leon and Engman 2001, 2002; Gironés... | background | Introduction | daeced6b158f651cebf682291a60a5eaff764c5b | 36ee78368dc76d03d84c5ed9d0fd99a604b79042 |
The dynamometer and the experimental set-up have been described in detail elsewhere (Seger et al. 1988; Seger and Thorstensson 1994). | method | Methods | 000ea376d16a73c3efdafc53068b95cc67ebc3ae | 74533ebddadaaceb98d3bef47a919c515575b7f6 |
still competent for initiating a biological response at concentrations of GM-CSF that are in the range of the Kd as shown previously (3, 7). | method | 518865ff46726c9f26d62f8ebb007f1b0e283806 | 29810e197fd6fb50a8acf2c6c5fc9d5f2c691dcb | |
2003) and has been described previously (Anderson et al. 2007; Perry et al. 2011; Smith et al. 2011). | method | Methods | 7dca1d041018929c60afa72732966eea49004c8f | 091eb99b4045a3ac9d0077a337573cbe3a132df3 |
For instance, in a genetically derived all-cone retina mouse model lacking cone Pde6c (Nrl / ;cpfl1), it was demonstrated that the cones instead expressed the rod Pde6 catalytic subunits conferring phototransduction capability to the cones.(32) Similarly, in the rd10 mouse (which lacks the rod Pde6b gene), the cone Pde... | background | 4d457bcfc59e707ed538696e4c00361e2a6b43a2 | c04d7b982b8bf4976822da845a117ab3479e21d0 | |
Uncontrolled infection, nonunion, and fixation failure are the main causes of failure of TC and TTC arthrodesis (5,6). | background | 18 M 66 DNOAP EF TTC | 2d1dc4da98538084dbdf92140705b703ef527a15 | 2cebdcefc7e32d9d76875fa02c36428703598d61 |
As members of the PRR family, CLRs play a crucial role in the recognition of pathogens [45]. | background | Discussion | 6e89e31d322f1277de457ba9082d46ec9bc15638 | ff1cf519f153e1ebcdb5922731b28ee4e92f827c |
Thus, the rest were homology modeled using the I-TASSER suite (Roy et al., 2010) with the template macrocypin 1a and were submitted to the Protein Model Database (PMDB) server which can be accessed through http://mi.caspur.it/PMDB/. | method | Methodology | 018269aa7b5a5337c3b0cf2795c55fe6d0e709cc | 80b64b4bcc67d2d375e2914c5e4d263fd9c40365 |
Several researchers claimed a relationship to gnathiferan taxa (Winnepenninckx et al., 1998; Giribet et al., 2000; Peterson and Eernisse, 2001; Zrzavý et al., 2001; Zrzavý 2002; Giribet et al., 2004), whereas others relatedCycliophora to Entoprocta (Zrzavý et al., 1998; Sørensen et al., 2000;… | background | INTRODUCTION | ee4c58f51117001ad97181bfd9063803320e4deb | b53cb97dcc586e3a139989e3611350c2c6a26feb |
TLR4 has a crucial function thatmediates signal pathway, produces inflammatory cytokines and promotes neutrophil chemotaxis in the process of corneal immune to fungal infection [13–16]. | background | 4. Discussion | ccbdec9e648381e470efe027291f3fcffae06f8a | 47ee62088bb39c11c09130110ffcf5f3bd436764 |
Single biopsy conventional TESE was used in the study of Amer et al. (2000) and Colpi et al. (2009) where in the other study protocols multiple biopsies were taken. | method | RESULTS | 471ff2f6fff41e64350168b059ac3f13696c1c09 | b69aa2af017d1a5332e34ee0cc8e7890abb504c1 |
This perhaps suggests that the inclusion of additional punisher ratios in the present study would have yielded similar results to Lie and Alsop (2009). | result | DISCUSSION | 0e6ddb7d089493b2deba4ce844d50b54e2b023d4 | 66cb6767c5ae25fa1177b12774cd506b8e9699ad |
The toolchain generates the program’s CFG with estimated execution times of basic blocks by statically analyzing the program’s source code with clang and llvm [18]. | method | 4.1 Experimental Setup | edfc07af748dea88256cd70556cc7a98c064b9f6 | 2194c3460ab71f3826db00b045b2ae590c753319 |
We suggest that this approach using DE-Seq2 or similar software, paired with phylogenetic studies of regulatory divergence (e.g., Coolon et al 2014) will continue the progress toward a broad, comparative understanding of regulatory evolution. | method | DISCUSSION | 4a7abe00115bcee0d615d88fbd4d891671a009f1 | 720895e0bb8f2a9f6b84e0a8248e4b85feaf6ae2 |
(2004) and Baker et al. (2004) except that acidic deconjugation was used in the present analysis. | method | Methods | b4163b75d3b8e9940c474de94ba1df68a3a8749f | 248773aa13351a90b5c2e1f43114e6161f4325c6 |
This process is initiated by a double-stranded breakpoint within one arm of the Y chromosome, followed by homologous repair using the opposing arm as a template [13]. | method | Introduction | aafd435e59c93dfe3187e226919037754d3687eb | 3cf593433acf4c10c84a4f98ac964200b52d6e66 |
One nodal family member Xnr3 lacks mesodermal-inducing activity via activating Smad2/3, but promotes neural induction by antagonizing BMP4 (Hansen et al., 1997; Haramoto et al., 2004). | background | Discussion | 09e0d57688dff5fafb510c85b5c78035f298d58f | 3610fb9b112315fd8f771bfec66d2d18a13fa76f |
Similarly, in a study on 60 subjects, blinks were measured at the beginning and end of a working day (Caffier et al., 2003). Although no significant difference between alert and drowsy phases was found, a slightly decreased blink rate during drowsy phase was reported. However, these results contradict the findings of M... | result | 7.2 Eye blink features 113 | 23ed6568ee6ed8a730b224f55847eeb4e011505e | ac2fbfcdfdac6552d3fc728b07bed905c7172ba6 |
We have already provided evidence of reliability and sensitivity of this technique [17, 18], which we have employed in clinical trials [19]. | method | 2. Methods | b3077f5a64fa34374698ddcb5680b7c689602ed3 | de1437f606b362531351d2b720b53c175f33dd2a |
The computational camera with the coded apertures is able to estimate the depth of the scene in a single image [3]. | background | 1. INTRODUCTION | 5a0d2bbf421fadf679e5c5c0fccc5b222e05591c | 2c10c18cbb2842c76d55bd5283cd21df42b6f1d3 |
Indeed, sex-specific molecular genetic markers have been developed in various organisms with heterogametic sex determination systems (e.g. Carmichael et al. 2013; Devlin et al. 2001; Felip et al. 2005; Fowler and Buonaccorsi 2016; Gamble et al. 2015; Gamble and Zarkower 2014; Griffiths and Orr 1999; Griffiths and Ti... | background | 77329fa20a0849e2465bedd81feddb2733e827f9 | 3d50c1de08e50a499e4d17378ea4bedf55369b16 | |
Using simulations based on our PK model, we designed an infusion protocol of two consecutive constantrate infusions, the first of 125 mg kg 1 h 1 for 15 min followed by 25 mg kg 1 h 1 with the subjects at rest for 35 min, thereafter continuing the infusion during exercise until this phase was terminated by subject fati... | method | Methods | d8fb5c6e78bba8996decf03fbcd14569e3fcd790 | c0cb8a1b4d4f4b5fbf381a5b320d291c94a92525 |
Lu and group [11] demonstrated that fibroblasts derived from keloids or hypertrophic scars have considerably lower quantities of Cx43 compared with counterparts derived from normal skin. | background | 1. Introduction | 0888ea9ed541f2aed855edb148b3de2aa6a537c3 | 7cd01b4ce482bb66949b7fe0110fe27c188e73e4 |
During the fast phase, furrow ingression rapidly increases andmembrane addition is targeted to an apicolateral location (Lecuit and Wieschaus, 2000). | background | RESULTS | cf43ab7995bb90d374fddcf917685ae5c757c13f | c0e9eaec2955cf840c040baae65c4a25f1f6f126 |
Moreover, there is emerging recognition that putrescine is an alternative precursor source of GABA (53, 67), a major neurotransmitter that has an important reproductive role because of its stimulatory actions on gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone release in goldfish (46). | background | DISCUSSION | 38c0e9d5dfb9e05ea81b311e2b44e1762f18d122 | 1e1f26aee409b2a156936534cc875861dc5ddcfe |
A recent storytelling task by Hendriks et al. (2014) confirmed this overall pattern but also highlighted that other factors can modulate this effect of the discourse stages. In the task used by Hendriks et al. (2014), participants were asked to tell picturebased stories featuring two characters of the same gender to a ... | background | INTRODUCTION | ed60fe5cf0b2947f812a3d19d533d0f644b67b0d | 5af4e6e8d6e7a25cb37a9d52e87a1f28b4464e04 |
Moreover, the approach can be improved by incorporating critical processes such as dispersal and population dynamics (Guisan and Thuiller 2005; Cheung et al. 2008a). | background | Introduction | 85e766e708cac537f272621e1d8d1e641279806c | 9bd8a440cfb92cc5f7f45d88cce6f9d651b98237 |
Many Sulfolobus chromatin proteins and transcription factors are post-translationally modified (Bell et al., 2002; Botting et al., 2010; Esser et al., 2012; Reimann et al., 2012; Niu et al., 2013; Reimann et al., 2013). | background | INTRODUCTION | 8fa395d7ac3dbba558d5b73dd53185cccea8bb28 | f4d9d6e1e243f66a3009acafa8d7b0d13254f488 |
Different from other content-based Web page clustering approaches [5, 13, 14], the SOM-based approach clusters Web pages based on users’ browsing patterns. | method | 1 Introduction | 01da7ab3e60651d06ec5310b01b37de15209cffb | 04b58bb061196d566acb2985659445f7a5985be2 |
However, the results of studies by Sajedi and Alizad,[20] Ghahramani
and Tavakolizade,[21] Amir Ali Akbari et al.,[15] Nouhjah et al.,[30] Ozbek et al.,[39] Hediger et al.,[18] Potijk et al.[25] and Richter and Janson[24] are in contradiction with the above results. | result | Discussion | c5707d1dd230d01ba95869477cf3e69a9732c585 | e3dd5368152f9f9c62fe2904531b18bf6fa28b33 |
Since the first ON1 location in
Ontario [Eshaghi et al., 2012], geographical dispersion has been reported worldwide [Choudhary et al., 2013; Cui et al., 2013; Valley-Omar et al., 2013; Agoti et al., 2014; Auksornkitti et al., 2014]. | background | DISCUSSION | 0eea5d66f255d38333a181b445047d93ef678a93 | 642ac876ef7734e2c7b852bc3a7a8d987d8dbd83 |
It is clear from these results and those from previous studies Bagwell et al. 1998; 2001; Bergholz et al. 2001 that numerous diazotrophs inhabiting the rhizoplanes of salt marsh plants are strongly influenced by specific properties of the plant host and somewhat less influenced by the abiotic… | result | Results and Discussion | 546d35d3588646cb18f9f388052adb575da9fe04 | 1940a8c5bcf0f8ef3e3cbefdaf6473406982a0d6 |
For control purposes, the viruses RV-DUS2–11 (Falk et al., 2002) and RVHd65 (Besold et al., 2007) were employed. | method | METHODS | d2856b905e87b18a1f1eb872da5ccb8e333fba37 | 75c3cf50e7fbd1c553f781f3bbf0a93c35264dca |
The limits of detection for superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID), optical pumped magnetometer (OPM), Fluxgate, and magneto-impedance (MI) sensors at 10 Hz are approximately 1 fT/ √ Hz [1], 10 fT/ √ Hz [2], 5 pT/ √ Hz [3], and 10 pT/ √ Hz [4], respectively. | background | 899def4b8ab14421cbbe76f9d39a6b4f6be4c230 | c8d0886c41b726b264ebfa042e86bcc59cf2ada3 | |
UV A radiation is absorbed by DNA and reacts with non-DNA chromophores, leading to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which damage DNA, proteins, and lipids in the skin [4,5]. | background | INTRODUCTION | 5d75e5e67306c31d0ae13b1151efc3726bd35284 | ff5613a5d976d776c0126bd3a06da23a17ceba38 |
LMM is an extension of typical linear regression analysis which includes random effects in the structure of the mean rather than the fixed effects.([17,19,25,26]) LMM was used to determine factors affecting growth trends over time. | method | METHODS | 969d3fc2e1fda17609d6bda20a1a13b810b26dec | 85553083d35703d05720f0ad12d9b7cf93e66ead |
…leukoariosis), metabolic disorder (diabetes), psychiatric disorder (Axis I disorders except phobias), Mini Mental Status Exam score< 28, and over two years of piano playing within the past five years due to potentially atypical signal dynamics in primary sensorimotor cortex (Krampe et al. 2002). | background | Methods | b1bae4314a3ff5d6e849159b3726c4bca409c78d | 6997e68ec96edf6e7486aa9a39938ab08dd199eb |
Additional support for Öhman’s view comes from electromyographic and neuroimaging studies of unconscious processing of masked facial expressions (Morris et al., 1998; Whalen et al., 1998; Dimberg, 2000; Dimberg et al., 2000). | background | 1. Introduction | 2b81352a78236b3e447bb826bcb910d076d85a0a | f4de1186ffb4aeb811ce95d614d27b6991d26ac0 |
The steps of octasaccharide synthesis and modification are well-defined genetically (10, 11, 12, 67, 68, 94, 103, 113). | background | b4465f300d540ee0c4261522c64a9f7c7684ab9f | 05ea19e2b660025765aac6249f47f9183d0472d8 | |
Central motor conduction time (CMCT, in milliseconds) was calculated according to the F-wave method.(26) Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation | method | METHODS | 3fce9cfc7fda0e329e57286c4e6d5ee956ccec24 | ea80b2e9785025afc0411bc0a5710455605adb81 |
Such a mechanism could account for the nucleation dependency of the aggregation and secondary structural transformation of fibroin observed in vitro and postulated to occur in vivo (54). | background | RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 4f4f07e9c52f132c6367c9cd2a6e7141208207c3 | 7edf721301dc30f7250a05a9c22d99e7067c47b1 |
Baumann et al (17) reported a single-center series of patients treated with the XTRACT procedure for ALI and showed similar results as the present study, with 78% efficacy (85.0% below the knee and 53.9% above the knee). | result | DISCUSSION | 65d42355ac43b659c4155c62fbef853ada5e0eaf | 572dd1cb682aac8438925e410e005b8e6308d4d4 |
…by other field surveys also showed that Aurelia spp. polyps were primarily located on the undersides of artificial structures in the coastal waters of Japan, the UK, and the Mediterranean Sea (Miyake et al., 2002; Purcell et al., 2009;
Duarte et al., 2012; Malej et al., 2012; Marques et al., 2015). | background | Discussion | 33ce87f465e800c0fd5b078641a663a02fc1451e | 7556064a9a5192a0df0160539f4ba5ee11b3c2f2 |
…intriguing are the recent observations showing
extensive polymorphisms in the circadian clock genes in humans including Period (Per) genes that have been shown to be involved in alcohol-induced changes in circadian rhythms in rodents (Perreau-Lenz et al., 2009; Spanagel et al., 2005a,b). | background | DISCUSSION | 59dba7cd80edcce831d20b35f9eb597bba290154 | 273996fbf99465211eb8306abe8c56c5835f332e |
Up to almost 70 percent of patients with NS-associated FSGS may attain complete or partial remission and maintain stable renal function for about 10 years when given a prolonged therapy with steroid or immunosuppressive drugs (19). | background | Discussion | 60298d665f7d34f06554a62b92d7a514c5ddf35c | 45e3c905eea1f903fdca2de448da90cb6ceaa0bf |
Intrinsic properties of NT MSNs (n = 59) were not significantly different from those measured from both hWT (n = 62) and hMT neurons both from coronal and parasagittal slices (n = 76, 27, respectively) (Table 1), and did not differ from those previously described for mouse MSN in tissue slice preparations (Goldberg et ... | result | 9d1c38923868aad077de91a389a27f72d592d329 | badee7f8b87dbf9d38775bebaad489d664fe0ef3 | |
included questions around ‘clear strategies and policies in government’ as well as ‘access to ICT in everyday life’ among the indices with the highest priority.(3) Developing countries require consideration of assessment within the context of rural areas. | background | Discussion | 78abc60ce5f366fd4a9b2e3f5c380cdda3b94001 | 279dd34bd081585ab9fe9763357b51ce68f6f4ca |
To infer the most likely number of groups (K) we compared the log probability LnP(D) of different values for K using an ad hoc statistic (DK, [26]) that calculates the second order rate of change of LnP(D). | method | Methodology | 17af926b9fec328b426851beb79f4b700cd2f431 | 9c4fb83f9c95c677ca5fa7e478de438b733a002d |
Madsen
et al. (2004) combined these data from trained delphinids with click parameters derived from wild false killer whales and Risso’s dolphins to estimate the ranges at which different prey targets may be detected by foraging toothed whale predators. | background | RESULTS | 0c3173cf70ae0ef21ddd07b2feded1e8f0a9de13 | 4fa7c6cd134f315bac9f3153dc618c144ac7791e |
Postoperative intubation time (hrs) median (IQR [range]) 13 (10-18 [4-91]) 11 (9-14 [5–29]) 18 (14-23[4-91]) <0. | background | 64ad842864728a81c87dd845b8309268124d3eae | 55818794ae94bc9a43463e80a49724652f6aa39b | |
In view of the results in rats and humans showing the FFA dependency of GSIS in the prolonged fasting state (18, 19, 42, 43) plus the very low fasting FFA levels caused by glucoseinduced hyperinsulinemia in the control group in Boden’s study, it is possible that this condition favored a maintenance of the difference be... | background | DISCUSSION | 1dc1e184d4a954cf080eb77d782cd5ad1baaac85 | db5a525bae429c03089570acac1e1d336552da96 |
Sound is an attribute of every landscape (Slabbekoorn & Ripmeester 2008; Pijanowski et al. 2011). | background | Introduction | 62af35f4e8c8e81fee083df06a10fc344541cfa0 | 577eac8a8509d043d48d64d6e7f6177f97fc8bf5 |
This result supports previous observations [24, 39], and shows that the mutase only produces the (R)-enantiomer. | result | Discussion | 741bbb18227446387547dc46b0839dfea108a2a9 | 574d73d4e765a1ab2a122f4aaded3b20ffc67079 |
Because the two structural suites are spatially correlative and share the same principal strain orientations, they could represent phases in a progressive deformation, with layer thickness as the evolving parameter [Ghent and Hansen, 1999]. | background | 2.1. Sequence of Deformation and the Plume Hypothesis | 599de37e6628fd9e2f42eff08de73e85fc9e3e10 | d55c95cedf9904a2776b682518c24b4d4d96bec7 |
including reports of deWcient cortical processing speciWc to prosody (Erwin et al. 1991; Wang et al. 2001; Kujala et al. 2005; Korpilahti et al. 2006). | background | d70c2ec4118ba21ec83b96cb5780a89358349b61 | 38cfba9172c94b091950a5a8975144a06a288b32 | |
The significantly better survival in younger patients in our study is in accordance with previous results [8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 30, 31, 33, 34]. | result | Discussion | b2bfca14b2fcc94a5ecdf9e3d5bd23daf73da29c | 4b222875f6e8f7e2adb7798bf54564861836c2a0 |
Considering the growing interest in developing modulators of PPIs [54, 55], it will be important to design network-based approaches for the identification of ‘‘druggable’’ PPIs, selectively relevant for cells in pathological conditions. | background | 96d40c0d8fcdcb2a65ca639346e4868c7aec25e0 | a1070a9515f361bbba0efe8f772ebb4374e66f5c | |
thermophilus acyl-CoA synthetase was also propionylated (Okanishi et al. 2014). | background | Identification of lysine propionylation in five bacteria | 560c67b8d5c6e4b2809fbbd308d373366241ea86 | b0fe8d2727db77f58bc430fef29aba3308ecd3f2 |
The in-person sessions for the RCT counselees lasted between 60–90 min [18]. | background | 2. Materials and Methods | be9a51c999f8cb2514e16ee00b7fc5d47f53fea7 | 45ff42e8ed2d8e7bb29919d87bf647b20cfea6fc |
This might be because females of many species usually work close to their maximum capacity regardless of their work load (e.g., brood size), while males tend to increase their amount of care with increasing work load (Santos and Nakagawa 2012). | background | Discussion | 925c2189d093ce7992061e64e732ed018de6e064 | f30312caf49194b294b589b3b9f71d95136acc45 |
Similar results were observed among the general population and it may be related to late diagnosis in men [25], women’s best access to the health care services [26], and women’s greater concern with body image [27]. | result | 4. Discussion | bdc3a053b8dd9516ddcdfd8510f5aac0d14e3c17 | None |
chlorophenolicus T99, a mutant with a transposon insertion in a gene encoding a hydroxyquinol dioxygenase, resulting in an inability to grow on or degrade 4-CP (Nordin et al. 2005). | background | Materials and methods | 1f67735acd308c13fc4225265d6fae0d38561a4c | 09e94bf6d4c553a350b6c501912f47e526c9bd17 |
Examination of plaque formation and growth curves were performed by standard methods as previously described (10, 35). | method | MATERIALS AND METHODS | 0cb2300be5b25870c2c7e44a395676a2d9b227aa | 44ab4d2c768fde6c283d6006b7799130f44e10f4 |
This result is consistent with earlier empirical evidence (Pruitt & Gitman, 1991; Al-Twaijry, 2007; Ahmed & Javid, 2009). | result | 61ccb0469435846c43c6d764737221297f670b72 | None | |
cholerae that is required for Hcp secretion [12], for killing of amoeba and bacteria [12,20], and also contributes to the inflammatory diarrhea in infant mice and rabbits [24,25]. | background | Discussion | 417aff9512b3b6fb76a11ff2cca96bb5cb0be736 | 9fec0ee01d500c63887c825906544a5e80392047 |
Dogmatism, the tendency for individuals to be close-minded and driven by adherence to ideology in their beliefs, was measured using the 20-item version (Troldahl & Powell, 1965) of the Dogmatism Scale (DS; Rokeach, 1960; Rokeach & Fruchter, 1956). | method | Method | 6354fc2c88133dea2fca5e3976c5177c0aed5280 | 0ebbecc557e26425ebff0bfd91a0c48c45124eec |
Our results show that strong WM deficits are produced, thus lending support to the hypothesis (37, 38) that low-frequency oscillations in subregions of the thalamus are causal in producing symptoms of SZ. | result | Discussion | 28d66ef920251ff0a06d956b92066268ae519397 | c31d5a714ebd14a0010cbfedeb797bab40d6eda8 |
studied nonverbal behavior during counseling sessions, and found high correlation between embodied synchrony (such as body movement coordination, similarity of voice strength and coordination and smoothness of response timing) and feeling of trust [144]. | background | 2.1 Nonverbal Communication in Human-Human Interactions | f5f60d5af18d1e00fa56b135a1ebfa14aea17a0e | 7e4571ce1f03181656785bb4982957de1b9930fc |
This table shows that the mechanism of Abdullah (1966) produces sound in the frequency range of our observations and suggests that a limited range of frequencies will occur for a considerable range of vortex properties. | background | 5. A comparison with sound generation models | cbc308bee74319c2bf4c2fa3c8efe0db2fe84dc6 | f40a16c7d8ea7fd91219e897c75ede2665b617db |
Serum HCV RNA level was quantified by the LightCycler (Roche Diagnostics Applied Science, Penzberg, Germany) with the detection limit of 86 copies/ml (that is, 34 IU/ml) [32]. | method | Methods | edbd47aa15ed585969880dd96a8a6df2b5c2fb28 | 5b5e805c6f3adb024c7f9f2872c3729447cb2954 |
For example, Peña and Brody (Peña & Brody, 2014) show that users perceive norm-deviant posts by others to their individual profiles as inconsiderate and as damaging their relationship with the deviate. | background | 1. Introduction & Background | 90e3135b8b3ae3871c2d272a5971b703174bcd96 | 466e2d457c348272f138f0aa48618c85b563a3fc |
In phase III studies, nivolumab has demonstrated an overall survival (OS) benefit in squamous NSCLC (9), nonsquamous NSCLC (10), melanoma (11), RCC (12), and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (13), and is being developed for several other tumor types. | background | Introduction | e1d7f2653176fa4ce8e3d6f4d8f45bad205bc187 | 3164ff63c7fd8f062e0d3c487059630def97955c |
Linear subspaces generated from shape and albedo information recovered from a single image: (a) The (re-scaled) first 9 dimensions of an 11D approximation of the illumination cone [8] (b) The first 9 harmonic images [2] (c) Synthesised images of a subject illuminated by lights from the universal configuration [11]. | background | 9983cb9a683f30df0452003cf3068895e4961996 | 2ad0ee93d029e790ebb50574f403a09854b65b7e | |
In [3] and [4], the authors introduce the idea of Early Application Identification and classify traffic flows by looking only at the lengths of the first packets in a flow; classification is performed by using clustering techniques such as K-means, Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). | background | 1. Introduction | e586dde432609320ac026c6e21f34125ba6e49b6 | 58c7ffc47fde0f5120e1ba32dfe8b30db7d65c64 |
MD studies were performed for many GQ native structures (54,64–67), potential four-stranded intermediates with strand slippage (58,60) and G-triplexes (42,57,61). | background | INTRODUCTION | 0021ea82506c8ad38b459cf2fbd42fc42b062fd7 | 11a5f833bef73720e1c85253578a92a99cbdf35e |
…0.07– 0.97, 0.45–4.1, 7.4–8.9, 2.97–18.92 and 12–35 mg/kg) in leafy green plants from Malaysia, Sri Lanka, China, Kathmandu, India and Turkey, respectively (Aweng et al. 2011; Kananke et al. 2014; Zhuang et al. 2009; Shakya and Khwaounjoo 2013; Yadav et al. 2013; Türkdoğan et al. 2002). | background | Results and discussion | a987290394cf4476ea4f55f3f7bb427ff5cebf34 | 0c610357d8682ecc3239863bf0ccf9c8d9090381 |
The first method used the CADP (bisimulation) equivalence checker to compare the models MI that we learned for the mutant implementations I with the model MR learned for the reference implementation R.2 For each of the mutants, CADP quickly found a counterexample trace illustrating the difference between the models of ... | method | 6 Experiments | 2d562a4403c592e30a0e34d0e92000228dbe3f65 | 780413268c3dd4cd010ca4eaa4041d268b8d5557 |
All of the aforementioned methodologies assign a primary role to observation (Baker, 2006), which is defined as the “systematic recording of observable phenomena or behavior | background | Introduction | 684872304caa8ff076c9b6a01e3baf2bedb9d3fe | 92cc6d034017530cfcd5934b2e3f1b72d542e61b |
Trials reported successful models of collaborative care which commonly involved a PCP, a mental health professional and a case manager (4,5). | method | Introduction | 616e750f4e0ff1c626eeba8fde56a01575cded6f | 2ce1f880895b3bbb6d55d74b1d87afa46b440acc |
The performance of RPSA is compared with that of the state-of-the-art multi-modality analysis techniques: CCA, PLS, BLM, Semantic Matching (SM) (Rasiwasia et al, 2010), Semantic Correlation Matching (SCM) (Rasiwasia et al, 2010), Generalized Multi-view Marginal Fisher Analysis (GMMFA) (Sharma and Kumar, 2012) and Gener... | method | 5 Experiments | 5666ed763698295e41564efda627767ee55cc943 | 1c72e6edd500987f8898d0b76df8b1d1570ebb87 |
Neurotrauma is a significant public health problem(Andelic et al., 2009; Selassie et al., 2008). | background | Introduction | 5e2d9901e151816706feba16382be65770319d4c | 63e8c3cd4a665a1d7b4f334530a5b78c403f239a |
More informative for the study of midbrain development was the discovery that a subtle shifting of Otx2's caudal expression boundary effects mDA neuron population size; a caudal shift results in an increase in population and a rostral one a reduction [19-21]. | background | Midbrain Regionalisation | daa01bb5998f3ed28a701eba5d8cde7326fe5cd9 | b1cb78b52a77326a2913f7f90e88e45fab67ea2a |
To avoid this, while not losing the inside-plot variation information, we applied the nested design, in line with Colegrave and Ruxton (2018). | method | Methods | a07b5071f21cc0536e4523c401bc219481663b7f | 8d77b87ce3aa1f33cfecf4a3e3b5fdede5d4f691 |
Therefore, Induct RDR which derives rules directly from an extension of Cendrowska’s Prism algorithm [3] was made to be close to the bottom. | method | Method | 83cfa6f33c2d5e4348309fe6a130b6ef6427855e | 7a216307b91e8ab75b7015d5eae6a5013f8ce5cc |
…et al., 2009), executive functions/working memory (Martis et al., 2003; Bloch et al., 2008), procedural learning (O’Connor et al., 2005), language (Triggs et al., 1999), memory (Triggs et al., 1999; Martis et al., 2003; Fabre et al., 2004; Kuroda et al., 2006,), motor speed (Martis et al.,… | background | 3.1. Depression | d9d512655e9ef7bf1d2898150c1ad7e2964717db | c5a23b594780b11d0671e98624b52c3c97ff3fb6 |
This approach has been used in a range of clinical settings to develop practice (Coyer et al., 2007; Day et al., 2009; Kelly and Simpson, 2001) and to develop practitioner roles (Williamson et al., 2004). | background | Background | 95c39aec660c32b4ea8aad1b70a965dfa5098268 | 9f1edb9cb0399a10bb9db6f3d6371fecfc2e6708 |
Even though there are now multiple variants of MRF (2,3,28,29), here an MRF sequence with a TrueFISP readout was implemented, as in the original MRF presenta- | method | METHODS | 04b8ba88f1c9ba86f1e29711b663813bafaa6f13 | 86bcc51bd1af1c6895e2da99d551ef7f1e1a9dae |
These results are however encouraging, and they have to be balanced with the literature illustrating the challenge related to reduce the metabolic cost of free walking with an assistive device [9, 37, 38, 51]. | background | 4 Discussion | 954b56b09b599c5fc3aa2fc180692c54f9ebeeee | dd9460448ff2404c415dc723b2aaccea394def96 |
, 2012a) and to investigate the effect of breast support levels on breast kinematics and exercise-induced breast pain (Bridgman et al., 2010; Scurr et al., 2010; White et al., 2009). | background | 1. Introduction | dfdeea8ce2e3ef25084c297a09027e9d2bb1491e | aa53d8ec6cbe937cec842ce1f02853895ba56c3f |
In this study, compared with the control group, there were no significant differences in the level of P in the 2.5 mg and 5 mg letorzole treated groups, consistent with other results [Fatemi et al. 2008; Garcia-Velasco et al. 2009; Wang et al. 2013]. | result | Discussion | 2e68ba4f7a9308504ad003ed7e19bf2e3c16969b | cd536d0a579323bdee905c33c73dd1c621f5fe3d |
These results are in agreement with the observations in many cell types that agonist-induced AA release is mainly mediated by cPLA2 (Ui et al., 1995; Wu-Wong et al., 1996; Kramer and Sharp, 1997; Trevisi et al., 2002). | result | Discussion | c5095d59153ac823907edb77a421af9836b1e1b6 | cab16f73201e3ae2a9efa2cab1ffad5059e79369 |
We use LM-Cut (Helmert and Domshlak 2009) for h, the LM-Count heuristic for ĥ, and the FF-heuristic (ignoring action costs) for d̂. | method | Experiments | e6d596d0c24d578e5acfeac4c8c3f25fa487b12f | 17fcadb2037179e857f6fae1a6e26a4e9147641a |
The implementation extends the simpler EnerJ type system [21] and is similarly based on Java 8’s extensible type annotations [7]. | method | 8.1 Implementation | 5ac4e428e52cda6259fa4ad37535d7276d290345 | 5a830ad18ff1a45c197570065b65d212818eaef6 |
…intrinsic activity for MOPr agonists (Traynor and Nahorski, 1995; Yu et al., 1997; Kovoor et al., 1998; Zaki et al., 2000; Clark et al., 2006; Saidak et al., 2006), however this parameter is not able to differentiate full agonists in terms of efficacy and can be highly dependent upon… | background | Discussion | ec7901420ed828aa7dff1ad09960f6e013aadcff | 3e2f7f3bb9ca9834b0db52bc4ac53ae61bfae16a |
The term lesser known species does not imply that the species are unknown, but rather they presently constitute the bulk of wood that finds no economic use (Barany et al. 2003). Hansom (1983) and ITTO (2007) described lesser-known species as those species for which current commercial demand is below their forest produc... | background | f473f30f0bf35b7e97874cefc66e9a6dacc4eae8 | f5191ac6456c5df72545a8ddee851f0c4fbe378f | |
Other alternatives include an extension of the well-known (μ + λ) evolution strategy (ES) for mixed integer problems, MIES (Li et al., 2013) and the covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy CMA-ES (Hansen, 2011). | method | 1 Introduction | 7a127168d23c4bf7ab4ad34afcf70dd90266e426 | 970c6cacc40e46aadec1dc0b4270b01f9d915359 |
We splite the MARC with non-causal side information at the encoders into two MACs with non-causal side information and use the obtained results in [5] for MAC with non-causal side information at the encoders. | method | III. GAUSSIAN MULTIPLE-ACCESS RELAY CHANNEL WITH NON-CAUSAL SIDE INFORMATION | ce5e430e19f894ee9193924b95c89a150d0c5341 | 2d3cadd1db1d054d18da0f6267a888ca9dcd7519 |
With the exception of a previously published analysis of the first of our two pooled studies (10); other investigations have associated parity with decreases in risk of colon and rectal cancer combined (6, 8, 21), or colon cancer alone (3, 15, 19-21, 27) but not rectal cancer. | result | Discussion | 562a029173dc90d1e36c51a03abc4b21573256c7 | fd803dd81bfffc0da67724f84b93bfc32b46042b |
…for ovarian and other similar cancer cell lines have shown an increase in infectivity through CAR-independent transduction, achieving higher reporter gene expression by several orders of magnitude in the primary tumor cells (Dmitriev et al., 1998; Kasono et al., 1999; Vanderkwaak et al., 1999). | background | Introduction | dc07cf4e508b9ed7f86c82cc53696df504042e1a | 90726bc5fe8c2c5d126c26dfe9249fe0fab6a58c |
Israel is considered to be a lowto-intermediate incidence area of NPC; however, the incidence in North Africa is relatively higher [1, 2]. | background | 3. Discussion | b4a26fbac27be3feff9954cce319d001713a90fd | 89fe80cf7d1426f56920d009fd9804cf03c2bb49 |
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