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The purpose of these studies is to define the neurohormonal control of esophageal motility in order to provide an understanding of the pathogenesis of esophageal motor disorders. Opossum is used as an experimental model because of the similarity of opossum esophagus to that of man. We have shown that lower esophageal s...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Despite recent advances, neurological diseases continue to be a major public health problem and are the source of significant morbidity and mortality not only in the United States, but world-wide. With the explosion of new knowledge in the neurosciences, the possibility of dramatic reductions in the overall neurologica...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The long-term aim of this project is to determine the relationship between temporal processing deficits apparent in the brainstem response to complex acoustic cues and speech perception difficulties in noisy backgrounds. The specific objective of the proposed research is to characterize the brainstem encoding of speech...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Abstract The objective of this proposal is to illuminate epigenetic transcriptional regulation during mouse embryogenesis and stem cells through investigations of the Polycomb group. The Polycomb group comprises a prominent set of histone modifiers that are essential for the execution of diverse developmental processes...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The overall aim of Project 2 is to establish the physical basis for weakened cell-cell adhesion and enhanced motility in cancer metastasis and how mechanical tension regulates these functions. Tumor cells adhere to one another less well than their corresponding normal cell counterparts. The discovery of cell surface ca...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Otitis media is the most common significant bacterial infection of childhood affecting from 10-30 percent of infants and children under 5 years of age yearly. This leads to a cumulative incidence of otitis media of 80-90 percent by 5 to 6 1/2 years of age. This investigation will determine the humoral immune response i...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
When endogenous repair fails, as is often the case with dense fibrous musculoskeletal tissues (like the knee meniscus), novel strategies and enabling technologies must be developed to enhance tissue regeneration. While numerous tissue engineering therapies have been developed for the engineering of fiber-reinforced tis...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
To combat the high number of unintentional deaths and injuries sustained by children under age 14 who participate in recreational activities, Electronic Learning Facilitators will create an injury prevention kit to be incorporated into fourth grade health and safety curriculum. The primary goal of this program will be ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
A vaccinia virus mutant which is resistant to the drug aphidicolin (AP) codes for an AP-resistant DNA polymerase. A change from a wild-type (WT) guanine to a thymine at position 2430 of the sequence of the DNA polymerase gene changes a leucine to a methionine in the polymerase and confers AP-resistance. The mutation wa...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
We have described a group of cytokines that modulate mediator release from basophils and mast cells. Histamine releasing factors (HRF)-mediated activation of mast cells and basophils may represent a amplification mechanism of allergic process. The clinical importance of these cytokines can not be established until thei...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Funds are requested to support three trainees per year over a five year period for training in the interface of behavioral and biomedical sciences. The core training faculty are from the Psychology Department and Neuroscience Program at Brandeis University. Affiliated faculty are from the Brandeis Life Sciences and adj...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The major objectives of this research project are to determine the mechanisms responsible for volume regulation in dog regulation in dog erythrocytes. When dog erythrocytes are exposed to anastomotic media, the is an activation of either the Na/H antiporter or K-C1 cotransport systems to return the cell back to its nor...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The major aims of the project continue to be a correlation between: 1. The chromosomal findings of early bladder lesions, particularly papillary tumors, with the cytologic picture and clinical course, and 2. The karyotypic picture in advanced carcinoma of the bladder with the response to therapy and clinical course, e....	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Given that mast cells increase increase at sites of inflammation and are located at surfaces where exposure to invading organisms may occur, we examined the Toll-like receptors expressed by cultured human mast cells and the ability to activate mast cells with TLR ligands. We found that viruses and polyI:C induced IFN-a...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Green tea polyphenols appear to be chemopreventive against certain cancers, including oral cancer; but how cancer cells succumb while normal cells survive this polyphenol exposure is not known. Lack of this information prevented clinical uses of polyphenols for oral cancer chemoprevention or treatment. The long-term go...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Clinical research projects in the University of Chicago Cancer Research Center can be grouped in two broad areas: disease-specific research and modality-specific research. In both cases, a group of investigators, usually representing multiple specialties, is formed to optimize patient care and clinical research. Over t...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Specifically, the study described in this proposal will test the hypothesis that the increase in tuberculosis in San Francisco is largely due to "facilitated" transmission of M. tuberculosis in definable settings which have high tuberculosis prevalence and large numbers of individuals with impaired immunity. We will co...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are important regulators of membrane potential in cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle cells and cardiovascular neurons. Just as important is the Ca2+ the enters via these channels acts as a second messenger upon ion channels, C kinase, proteases, calmodulin, etc. The structure of Ca2+ channe...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
ABSTRACT Epilepsy is a family of chronic neurologic disorders characterized by periodic, unpredictable seizures. Current pharmacotherapy for epilepsy relies on ion channel inhibitors, GABAergics, and compounds of unknown mechanism. Following first-line or dual treatment with these drugs, more than 30% of patients conti...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Many of the clinical research projects of the laser biophysics group involve the interaction of light with tissue (e.g., laser microsurgery, laser Doppler blood flow measurements, photo dynamic therapy of cancer, noninvasive platelet assessment). In order to more fully quantitate these techniques, we have undertaken th...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Our long term goal is to understand the structural and functional bases of the interaction of dantrolene with the intracellular RyR/Ca release channel. We have identified a sequence domain called DP1 (a. a. 590-609) on the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) as a target for dantrolene, a region tightly linked to ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Enhancement of video images should enable the visual impaired greater access to TV. and other video sources. In previous years, contrast enhancement based on a band-pass filtering approach was developed and tested. Results were encouraging, showing improved performance in face recognition and in obtaining details from ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Project Summary Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare, fatal autosomal dominant genetic condition characterized by many characteristics of accelerated aging in children. Children with HGPS die at an average age of fourteen, usually from heart disease. It has been known for some time that the syndrome is...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Our goal is to enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccines using new bio-organic compounds to mediate oral deliver. Oral vaccination primarily protects an individual from oral pathogens, which include the AIDS retroviruses and opportunistic agents that accompany AIDS. Oral vaccination also confers some protection against path...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This study proposes new techniques for overcoming the two major obstacles to practical protein fractionation by ultrafiltration: (1) the diffuse pore-size distribution of the membrane, which allows only gross separation and (2) the buildup of retained proteins on the membrane surface, drastically decreasing selectivity...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
08: Neuroscience Using Yeast Cells To Define Mechanisms of Human Neurodegenerative Diseases The United States and other countries around the world are experiencing a demographic sea change owing to the rapidly growing elderly and 'Baby Boomer' populations. As our population continues to age, neurodegenerative disease w...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is susceptible to immune-mediated destruction as demonstrated by observations of the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). Our preliminary studies demonstrate that DLI-treated CLL patients who developed Gv...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Benign urological diseases create a substantial burden on the US healthcare system because of their prevalence, impact on quality of life and cost. Collectively, congenital genitourinary anomalies, kidney stones, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, lower urinary tract symptoms, benign prostatic hyperplasia, pel...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
. The investigators propose to determine the complete genome sequence of the extreme thermophile Thermus flavus and assign gene functions to the sequence in order to identify commercially important activities. ThermoGen's chromosomal integration system will be used to verify functional predictions and study phenotypes ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Currently in the U.S., 1 in 4 children are at risk for becoming overweight, and even higher rates are found in minority children. Despite the social, health, and economic costs that accompanies obesity, few causal risk and protective factors have been identified and prevention programs have had limited success in influ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
An immune response occurs only if a T lymphocyte has been able to recognize the foreign antigen in association with a self molecule encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). These self molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells are the polymorphic class II MHC antigens. Most foreign antigens must be p...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION (Applicant's abstract): This is the second revision of an application for funds to conduct a controlled clinical trial of an innovative psychosocial treatment designed to improve the workplace skills of seriously and persistently mentally ill (SPMI) individuals. The initial development and limited testing o...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
A recently identified family of intracellular proteins termed Smads, are key components of TGFbeta signaling pathways. Phosphorylation of Smad proteins by activated TGFbeta-type I receptors lead to their translocation to the nucleus where they act as transcriptional regulators. Different Smad proteins act as downstream...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
During the last decade, many characteristics of OHC motility have been garnered through the in vitro (isolated cell) approach, including voltage dependence, subcellular site, nonlinearity, sensitivity, and phase. Despite such progress, it remains a difficult task to envision exactly how OHC motility might induce sharp ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Pilot study work was completed, and nationwide enrollment began in October 2004. A total of 50,000 sisters of women who had breast cancer will be enrolled. At enrollment, the participants answer questions about life history, health, jobs and environment; and give samples of blood, urine, toenails, and housedust. The pa...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The coordinated regulation of gene expression is a fundamental process in biology. In this proposal, we explore the role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and its associated factors in the chromatin- dependent control of transcription in response to cellular signaling by a steroid hormone, estrogen, and a cyto...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The majority of hormones and neurotransmitters communicate information to cells via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and GPCRs represent the largest group of targets for drug development. The 22 adrenoceptor (22AR) has been one of the most extensively characterized members of the GPCR family. It responds to the cat...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Chronic kidney diseases are major health problems that affect over 30 million Americans and the incidence is increasing at an alarming 16% in the last decade. The kidney is an intricate organ that requires coordinated regulation by distinct cell types and complex networks of genes to ensure its proper development and f...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
ABSTRACT CORE B: Immunology Core Core Director: Roberto Calcedo, Ph.D. We are entering a new era for treating inherited genetic disorders where gene therapy holds great promise for their treatment. After several decades of research and development in viral vectors, we finally have the technology to efficiently transfer...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
To prepare transition state models of the peptide bond formation step of the protein synthesis. According to the current views, the biosynthesis of a peptide bond proceeds via a ribosomal complex of aminoacyl and peptidyl tRNA. It is proposed to prepare bifunctional analogs of both tRNA's with covalently linked termina...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The long term objective of this application is to further develop two lead compounds, MAP 30 and GAP 31, which have shown three activities that may be critical to the antiviral action. These include RNA N-glycosidase, DNA topoinactivation,and HIV-integrase which are critical target in selective antiviral therapy. In th...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) The aims are to explore behavioral effects of some abused drug mixtures, to use recently developed methods to analyze discriminative effects of single drugs with multiple effects, and to explore the potential of Occasion Setting in relation to drug action. Both mixtures of drugs and ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Methamphetamine [(+)]methamphetamine, or (+)METH] has been a serious drug problem in the United States since the middle 1980s. It is by far the most prevalent synthetic controlled substance clandestine manufactured in the United States and it is abused throughout the world. Although there has been good success in the d...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Corneal infection with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) causes herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), a leading cause of infection-induced corneal blindness worldwide. Despite intensive research and substantial progress in understanding the pathogenesis of HSK, the management of this condition continues to be challenging. One...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Spotted-glass microarrays and Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) have been combined successfully to identify downstream targets of FIGLA. Taking advantage of Figla null mice and the NIA 22K microarray that contains elements enriched for expression in oocyte and early development, ovarian gene expression was prof...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The overall objective of our work is to understand the mechanisms of glomerular endothelial (GEn) cell differentiation. The current proposal explores the role of podocytes in this process, podocytes being the immediate neighbors of GEn cells in vivo. In mature glomeruli, podocytes express extraordinarily high levels of...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Exercise stress testing with imaging is widely used to detect heart disease, but current stress imaging systems suffer from false positives that may lead to unnecessary invasive testing, and false negatives that may miss disease detection until a serious event occurs. Thus, consistently accurate stress imaging remains ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
To develop rabbit as a model system for HIV-associated neuropathogenesis and to determine if HIV-1,br (an isolate from the brain of an AIDS dementia patient, Virology, 1989;168:79-89) has unique neuropathic characteristics, a 36-day-old rabbit was inoculated intraperitoneally with cell-free HIV-1,br. The rabbit was tre...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Heavy alcohol consumption in an HIV-infected person may accelerate HIV disease progression and end organ disease with one leading explanatory pathway being via enhanced microbial translocation and inflammation/altered coagulation. Heavy alcohol consumption and HIV infection are both causes of microbial translocation, t...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Inhibition of intestinal mucosal growth occurs commonly in various critical surgical disorders such as trauma, shock, and massive surgical operations. Because our deficient understanding of the mechanism underlying this critical pathological process, effective therapies to maintain the mucosal epithelial integrity in p...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
There is substantial evidence that aggressive and/or agitated behavior, whether externally or self-directed is associated with low indices of serotonin function, suggesting dysfunction of the central serotonin system. Decreased functioning of central serotonin systems may lead to dysregulated and disruptive behavior in...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The overarching goal of this Senior Scientist Award (K05) application is to provide the candidate with a period of stable funding in which to conduct full-time programmatic research on the developmental patterning of familial transmission of biobehavioral factors that contribute to the transgenerational manifestations ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Interviews were conducted with 284 mothers and their teen-age children from three ethnic groups in an urban ghetto community (Grant No. DA 01103-01/02). The 284 mothers had 403 adolescents ages 13-17 (138 white children, 141 American blacks, and 124 British West Indian blacks). The interviews focused on socialization p...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The Ohio State University College of Optometry proposes to establish an institutional training program for clinician-scientists in primarily patient-based research, with one lead mentor available for a trainee interested in molecular biology. At the outset, two trainees will enroll in the program. They will have Doctor...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Addiction to ethanol is a significant problem in our society and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the population. Major changes in neurochemistry, such as in the brain levels of the opiate peptide methionine enkephalin Met-En k , have been associated with exposure to ethanol. It is our long term goal to...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
PROJECT SUMMARY Up to 50% of peripubertal youth with anxiety have unmet clinical needs, leaving these youth at high risk for suicide, depression and substance abuse across adolescence. In accord with the NIMH strategic plan, we aim to deepen mechanistic understanding of anxiety during the sensitive period of peripubert...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Abstract In everyday experience, we effortlessly recognize faces, objects and scenes, yet the mechanisms underlying how we perceive the world remain elusive. Moreover, it is unclear how cognitive processes such as selective attention and memory interact with object recognition. The conference on Object Perception Atten...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
In vertebrates, there are over 15 different myosin II isoforms, each of which contains different myosin II heavy chains (MHC IIs). MHC II isoform diversity is generated by multiple genes as well as by alternative splicing of pre-mRNA. Previous studies have demonstrated cell type-specific expression of MHC II isoforms a...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of this research is to investigate the biological function of endogenous bombesin-like peptides in oat cell carcinoma. Bombesin-like peptides are present in the normal lung in low densities; however, in human small (oat) cell lung cancer (SCLC) biopsy tissue and cells in culture the density of immunoreactive b...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Addiction to opioid drugs such as morphine is a major public health concern. The complex pathology of opioid addiction can be initiated by activation of specific drug targets in the brain, and the main target of abused drugs is the mu- opioid receptor (MOR), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Act...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The understanding of cancer has evolved rapidly over the last decade, particularly with discoveries regarding the role of physical factors, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and cellular forces, in carcinogenesis. This research has shown that altered ECM stiffness is not just a symptom of tumors, but is now ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The purpose of this study is to understand how treatment for breast cancer affects the well-being of the person with cancer, her partner, and their relationship because treatment for cancer can be physically and emotionally demanding. I am free to decide not to take part in the study. My decision whether or not to take...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Beta thalassemia is one of the most prevalent forms of heritable blood disorders in the world. It is caused by mutations in human beta globin genes that result in reduced or abolished beta globin synthesis. Without beta globin chains to pair with, excess alpha globin chains are susceptible to oxidation to hemichromes, ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
In the developing brain, finely specified cell interactions regulate the extensive cell migrations, patterns of cell association, and subsequent synaptic connections which establish the complex neural network. This research proposal concerns reconstruction of brain tissue from single cells in vitro for detailed investi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
CRISPR-based gene editing of the brain has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of neurological diseases. A large number of incurable brain diseases, such as Huntington's, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, are caused by the over-expression of pathogenic proteins and could be treated with CRISPR based therape...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Tendon and ligament injuries account for nearly half of all musculoskeletal injuries each year in the United States. Even with considerable improvements, surgical repairs do not consistently restore physical function of injured tissues. As a result, there are lengthy delays or failures to retur...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Personality disorders are common in the general population and are particularly prevalent among psychiatric patients. Of concern, personality disorders are associated with a number of adverse outcomes, including suicidality, attenuated treatment response, increased utilization of health care services, and significant f...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a major public health concern, accounting for over 400,000 deaths in the US each year. While environmental factors clearly contribute to the determinants of SCA, familial aggregation studies and advances in the molecular genetics of inherited arrhythmias suggest that genetic factors confe...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
We are requesting partial support for the next three Molecular and Cellular Cognition (MCC) Meetings. The Conference will be held in the San Diego Convention Center on November 1st and 2nd, 2007, right before the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. The MCC meeting brings together junior and senior scientist...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
[unreadable] During the first phase of the AMDCC our group at TJU studied the decorin KO diabetic mouse. Our hypothesis was that decorin acts as an endogenous protective factor by inhibiting active TGF-b. We found that decorin is indeed protective, as decorin KO mice had accelerated kidney disease and surprisingly incr...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Cholesterol and bile acids have been implicated in playing important roles in several major diseases of "Western Society" including: arteriosclerosis, cholesterol gallstone formation, cholestatic liver disease and colon carcinogenesis. The overall goal of this renewal application is aimed at a more detailed understandi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Project Summary/Abstract Concussion, a traumatically induced brain injury, is described by the Centers for Disease Control as a serious public health problem. Currently, management protocols are based on consensus and expert opinion, rather than high quality evidence, potentially resulting in difficulty in diagnosis an...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Cytochrome P-450 is a family of isozymes that are present in most tissues of the body and are involved in the metabolism and activity of steroids, prostaglandins, leucotrienes, fatty acids, drugs and environmental chemicals. It has recently been shown that several of these isozymes turnover at different rates, but the ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Increasingly, advances in skin biology depend on cross-disciplinary, collaborative approaches. Through systems biology, multiple disciplines can now be integrated into a cohesive approach to skin biology. The broad, long-term objective of the UC Irvine Skin Biology Resource-based Center is to promote cross- fertilizati...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Evaluate quantum efficiency of CsI photocathodes on the front end of an imaging photon detector (IPD) for 8 KeV x-rays.	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
One of the fascinating problems in biochemistry is to determine how subtle changes in related molecules cause drastic changes in their biochemical behavior. An example of this structure function problem is the role of similar high=valent porphyrin intermediates in the different reactions catalyzed by hydroperoxidate an...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
A new and successful Gordon Research Conference (GRC) on Cell Polarity Signaling was held in 2014, 2016, and 2018 and filled a very important but unmet need, as prior to the initiation of this GRC there were no regular conferences on the broad topic of cell polarity, either in the US or elsewhere. Based on highly posit...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
HIV-infected individuals who abuse heroin are at greater risk for HAND. The synaptodendritic injury that underlies HAND is largely mediated by infected and/or activated microglia and astroglia as neurons are rarely, if ever, infected. CNS neurons and glia are derived from neuroepithelial precursors in the subventricula...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Myosin V functions as an actin-dependent ATPase. In Drosophila it is enriched in the brain. Identification of a mutant bearing a P-lacW insertion 600 bp from the ATG initiation site in the myosin V gene of Drosophila melanogaster has enabled us to study the effects of limited myosin V on the developing fly. Maternally ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Lifetime exposure to sex steroids is a major contributor to breast cancer risk. The risk-benefit ratio of prevention strategies that target the endocrine axis would be significantly improved if it were possible to assess risk for hormone sensitive breast cancer. Nipple fluid hormone levels are attractive candidate mark...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
NIH investigators are gathering terabyte- to petabyte-scale datasets generated using state-of-the-art biomedical technologies. To properly manage these large datasets, researchers need to keep them secure from unauthorized access and from data loss, while still being able to share the data with collaborators, and maint...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This application requests support for a program of basic and clinical research on speech perception and spoken word recognition. The primary objective of this project is to understand how spoken words are recognized and how acoustic-phonetic and indexical information in the speech signal interact with other knowledge s...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
BioCARS Station 14 BM-D is established as a facility capable of producing the data needed to achieve the aims of this project to determine the structure of proteins in a timely fashion through single, effective experiments. It is the station of choice because of familiarity with the equipment and procedures of the stat...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
My long range goals are to develop an understanding of how neural activity regulates gene expression, and to ultimately understand how these processes contribute to environmental and drug induced stable/adaptive changes in the nervous system. A better understanding of theses processes will help us understand the adapti...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Circadian rhythms are often disrupted with advancing age and under conditions of stress, including social stress. Breakdown in human circadian rhythms are believed to occur most often downstream of the central circadian oscillator. Our lab has developed electric fish as a powerful non-mammalian vertebrate model system ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Many anticancer and antiviral agents are analogs of purines or pyrimidines that are thought to act by being incorporated into DNA. Most of the studies performed to date concerning the mechanism by which these drugs act have used DNA into which the analog has been randomly incorporated. For one such analog, 6-thioguanin...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Recently, Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)-based vectors have emerged as promising gene delivery vehicles for a wide array of diseases, including cardiovascular disorders. Despite early encouraging results, the CUPID (Calcium Upregulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease) trial using an AAV...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Provide isolated housing and care for approximately 500 nonhuman primates of several genera, 1,000 small rodents (mice, rats, hamsters), 20 rabbits or guinea pigs, and 20 dogs or cats. Provide inoculation of pregnant, newborn, juvenile, and adult monkeys with various infectious agents. Inoculated animals will be mainta...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Huntington's disease (HD) is a late-onset neurodegenerative genetic disorder that produces uncontrolled physical movements, devastates intellectual faculties and triggers emotional disturbances. Those suffering from HD typically die within 10 years after symptoms surface and there is currently no cure. There is an emer...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Abstract: QDS-Web(tm) Interview Administering System PEW surveys report 73% of American adults (147 million) use the Internet and 20% indicate it greatly improves getting health information, including drug and disease treatment facts. Thus, it is also an increasingly popular, cost-effective survey research environment....	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This proposal presents a four-year research career development award for Dr. Reza Yaesoubi, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Yale School of Public Health (YSPH). His proposal aims to address important policy questions to control the ongoing spread of multidrug-resistant tu...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland at night that may be involved in the natural regulation of circadian rhythms. Animal studies have shown that exogenous melatonin administration can synchronize "free- running" circadian rhythms and can accelerate the rate of adaptation to a new rest/activity cycle. In...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) isozymes play a central role in receptor-mediated signal transduction in mammalian cells, cleaving the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate to generate two second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and diacylglycerol. PI-PLCs are a large family of e...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
We have examined the role of raf and myc family oncogenes in naturally occurring human tumors and in the mouse, and have determined their transforming properties and likely mechanisms of action. In the mouse, raf tumor induction was studied using a series of recombinant murine retroviruses. Viruses carrying only raf fa...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Salivary gland malignancies are rare and heterogeneous cancers of the head and neck. Mucoepidermoid and adenoid cystic carcinoma are the most common and demonstrate an unpredictable clinical course with locoregional failure and distant metastasis. Treatment is primarily surgical followed by adjuvant radiotherapy based ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This project will be devoted to the development and evaluation of a crossed beam Doppler ultrasound concept for improved detection of atherosclerosis.	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Bacterial endospores derive much of their longevity and resistance properties from therelative dehydration of their protoplasts. This dehydration is maintained by a surrounding peptidoglycan structure, the spore cortex. A structural modification unique to,the spore cortex is removal of all or part of the peptide side c...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
More than half a million cholecystectomies are performed annually in the United States, and 10-20% of these patients present afterwards with continuing or recurrent pains. Patients with normal imaging and laboratory findings are often suspected of suffering from Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Type III (SOD III), but are...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Macrophages and neutrophils play major roles in host defense against microbial infections. In order to perform this function, these cell types must ingest and destroy pathogens, generally in phagosomes, as well as secrete a number of products that signal other immune cells to respond. Generation of low organellar pH is...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

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