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In specific cultures
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### Africa
#### East Africa
{{Unreferenced section\|date\=February 2022}}
*[Harambee](/wiki/Harambee "Harambee")* ({{IPA\-sw\|hɑrɑˈᵐbɛː\|lang}}) is an [East African](/wiki/East_Africa "East Africa") ([Kenyan](/wiki/Kenya "Kenya"), [Tanzanian](/wiki/Tanzania "Tanzania") and [Ugandan](/wiki/Uganda "Uganda")) tradition of community self\-help events, e.g. [fundraising](/wiki/Fundraising "Fundraising") or development activities. {{Lang\|sw\|Harambee}} literally means 'all pull together' in [Swahili](/wiki/Swahili_language "Swahili language"), and is also the official [motto](/wiki/List_of_national_mottos "List of national mottos") of Kenya and appears on its [coat of arms](/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya "Coat of arms of Kenya").
#### Rwanda
*[Umuganda](/wiki/Umuganda "Umuganda")* is a national day of community service held on the last Saturday of each month in Rwanda. In 2009, *umuganda*{{Which lang\|date\=February 2022}} was institutionalized in the country. It is translated as 'coming together in common purpose to achieve an outcome'.{{Cite web\|url\=http://www.rgb.rw/index.php?id\=37\|title\=Umuganda\|website\=Rwanda Governance Board\|access\-date\=2019\-12\-03}}
#### Ethiopia
{{Unreferenced section\|date\=February 2022}}
A social event is held to build a house or a farm, especially for elderly and widows who do not have the [physical strength](/wiki/Physical_strength "Physical strength") to do it on their own.
#### Sudan
{{transl\|ar\|Wehr\|Naffīr}} ({{lang\|ar\|نَفِّير}}) is an [Arabic](/wiki/Arabic_language "Arabic language") word used in parts of [Sudan](/wiki/Sudan "Sudan") (including [Kordofan](/wiki/Kordofan "Kordofan"), [Darfur](/wiki/Darfur "Darfur"), parts of the [Nuba mountains](/wiki/Nuba_mountains "Nuba mountains") and [Kassala](/wiki/Kassala "Kassala")) to describe particular types of communal work undertakings. {{Lang\|ar\-latn\|Naffīr}} has been described as including a group recruited through family networks, in\-laws and village neighbors for some particular purpose, which then disbands when that purpose is fulfilled.{{cite book \|last1\=Manger \|first1\=Leif O. \|year\=1987 \|title\=Communal Labour in the Sudan \|page\=7 \|publisher\=University of Bergen \|series\=Bergen Studies in Social Anthropology \|volume\=41 \|oclc\=17785838}} An alternative, more recent, definition describes {{Lang\|ar\-latn\|naffīr}} as 'to bring someone together from the neighborhood or community to carry out a certain project, such as building a house or providing help during the harvest season'.'Conceptual analysis of volunteer', 2004
The word may be related to the [standard Arabic](/wiki/Standard_Arabic "Standard Arabic") word {{transl\|ar\|Wehr\|nafr}} ({{lang\|ar\|نَفْر}}) which describes a band, party, group or troop, typically mobilized for war. In standard Arabic, a {{transl\|ar\|Wehr\|naffīr ʽāmm}} ({{lang\|ar\|نَفِّير عَامّ}}) refers to a general call to arms.{{cite book \|last\=Wehr \|first\=Hans \|title\=A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, Arabic \- English \|publisher\= Librarie Du Liban \|location\=Beirut }}
{{Lang\|ar\-Latn\|Naffīr}} has also been used in a military context in Sudan. For example, the term was used to refer to {{lang\|ar\|النَّفِّير الشَّعَبِي}} {{transl\|ar\|Wehr\|an\-Naffīr aš\-Šaʽabī}} or "the People's Militias" that operated in the central Nuba Mountains region in the early 1990s.{{cite journal \|last1\=Kevlihan \|first1\=Rob \|year\=2005 \|title\=Developing Connectors in Humanitarian Emergencies: Is it possible in Sudan? \|journal\=Humanitarian Exchange \|volume\=30 \|url\=http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/odihpn\-gen\-30jun.pdf}}
#### Liberia
*Kuu*{{Which lang\|date\=February 2022}} is a labor\-sharing arrangement in [Liberia](/wiki/Liberia "Liberia"), especially for seasonal work.{{cite journal \|last1\=de la Fuente \|first1\=Alejandro \|last2\=Jacoby \|first2\=Hanan G \|last3\=Lawin \|first3\=Kotchikpa Gabriel \|title\=Impact of the West African Ebola Epidemic on Agricultural Production and Rural Welfare: Evidence from Liberia \|journal\=Journal of African Economies \|date\=2 June 2020 \|volume\=29 \|issue\=5 \|pages\=454–474 \|doi\=10\.1093/jae/ejaa002 \|hdl\=10986/31870 \|hdl\-access\=free }}
### Asia
#### Indonesia \& Malaysia
[thumb\|right\|The traditional communal *[slametan](/wiki/Slametan "Slametan")* {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|unggahan}} ceremony of Bonokeling village, [Banyumas](/wiki/Banyumas "Banyumas"), Central Java, in which the participants literally perform the notion of {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} (carrying together).](/wiki/File:Tradisi_Unggahan_Bonokeling.jpg "Tradisi Unggahan Bonokeling.jpg")
*Gotong\-royong* is a conception of sociality ethos familiar to [Indonesia](/wiki/Indonesia "Indonesia"). In [Indonesian languages](/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia "Languages of Indonesia") especially [Javanese](/wiki/Javanese_language "Javanese language"), {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong}} means 'carrying a burden using one's shoulder', while {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|royong}} means 'together' or 'communally', thus the combined phrase {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} can be translated literally as 'joint bearing of burdens'. It translate to working together, helping each other or mutual assistance.{{Cite web\|title\=Gotong Royong \- KBBI Daring \|url\=https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/gotong%20royong\|website\=kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id\|access\-date\=2020\-05\-23}} The village's public facilities, such as irrigation, streets, and houses of worship (mosque, church or [pura](/wiki/Balinese_temple "Balinese temple")) are usually constructed through {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}, where the funds and materials are collected mutually. Traditional communal events, such as the *[slametan](/wiki/Slametan "Slametan")* ceremony, are also usually held in the {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} ethos of communal work spirit, which each member of society is expected to contribute to and participate in the endeavour harmoniously.
The phrase has been translated into English in many ways, most of which hearken to the conception of reciprocity or [mutual aid](/wiki/Mutual_aid_%28organization%29 "Mutual aid (organization)"). For [M. Nasroen](/wiki/M._Nasroen "M. Nasroen"), {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} forms one of the core tenets of Indonesian philosophy. Paul Michael Taylor and Lorraine V. Aragon state that "{{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} \[is] cooperation among many people to attain a shared goal."{{cite book \|last1\=Taylor \|first1\=Paul Michael \|last2\=Aragon \|first2\=Lorraine V \|title\=Beyond the Java Sea: Art of Indonesia's Outer Islands \|year\=1991 \|publisher\=Abrams \|isbn\=0\-8109\-3112\-5 \|page\=10}}
##### Background
In a 1983 essay [Clifford Geertz](/wiki/Clifford_Geertz "Clifford Geertz") points to the importance of {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} in Indonesian life:
> An enormous inventory of highly specific and often quite intricate institutions for effecting the cooperation in work, politics, and personal relations alike, vaguely gathered under culturally charged and fairly well indefinable value\-images—{{Lang\|jv\-latn\|rukun}} ('mutual adjustment'), {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} ('joint bearing of burdens'), {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|tolong\-menolong}} ('reciprocal assistance')—governs social interaction with a force as sovereign as it is subdued.Geertz, Clifford. "Local Knowledge: Fact and Law in Comparative Perspective," pp. 167–234 in Geertz *Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology,* NY: Basic Books. 1983\.
Anthropologist Robert A. Hahn writes:
> Javanese culture is stratified by social class and by level of adherence to Islam. ...Traditional Javanese culture does not emphasize material wealth. ...There is respect for those who contribute to the general village welfare over personal gain. And the spirit of {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}*,* or volunteerism, is promoted as a cultural value.{{cite book \|last\=Hahn \|first\=Robert A. \|title\=Anthropology in Public Health: Bridging Differences in Culture and Society \|year\=1999 \|publisher\=Oxford University Press \|location\=Oxford, UK }}
{{Lang\|jv\-latn\|Gotong \- royong}} has long functioned as the scale of the village, as a moral conception of the political economy. Pottier records the impact of the [Green Revolution](/wiki/Green_Revolution "Green Revolution") in Java:
> "Before the GR, 'Java' had relatively 'open' markets, in which many local people were rewarded in kind. With the GR, rural labour markets began to foster 'exclusionary practices'... This resulted in a general loss of rights, especially secure harvesting rights within a context of mutual cooperation, known as {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}*.*"
Citing [Ann Laura Stoler](/wiki/Ann_Laura_Stoler "Ann Laura Stoler")'s ethnography from the 1970s, Pottier writes that cash was replacing exchange, that old patron\-client ties were breaking, and that social relations were becoming characterized more by employer\-employee qualities.{{cite book \|last\=Pottier \|first\=Johan \|title\=Anthropology of Food: The Social Dynamics of Food Security \|year\=1999 \|publisher\=Blackwell \|location\=Oxford, UK \|page\=84}}
##### Political appropriation
For Prime Minister [Muhammad Natsir](/wiki/Muhammad_Natsir "Muhammad Natsir"), {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} was an ethical principle of sociality, in marked contrast to both the "unchecked" feudalism of the West, and the social [anomie](/wiki/Anomie "Anomie") of [capitalism](/wiki/Capitalism "Capitalism").Natsir, Muhammad. "The Indonesian Revolution." In Kurzman, Charles *Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook*, p. 62\. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 1998\.
Ideas of reciprocity, ancient and deeply enmeshed aspects of *[kampung](/wiki/Kampung "Kampung")* morality, were seized upon by [postcolonial](/wiki/Postcolonial "Postcolonial") politicians. John Sidel writes: "Ironically, national\-level politicians drew on "village conceptions of *[adat](/wiki/Adat "Adat")* and {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}. They drew on notions "of traditional community to justify new forms of authoritarian rule."{{cite book \|last\=Sidel \|first\=John Thayer \|title\=Riots, Pogroms, Jihad: Religious Violence in Indonesia \|url\=https://archive.org/details/riotspogromsjiha00side\|url\-access\=registration \|year\=2006 \|publisher\=Cornell University Press \|location\=Ithaca, NY \|page\=\[https://archive.org/details/riotspogromsjiha00side/page/32 32]}}
During the presidency of [Sukarno](/wiki/Sukarno "Sukarno"), the idea of {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} was officially elevated to a central tenet of Indonesian life. For Sukarno, the new nation was to be synonymous with {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}. He said that the *[Pancasila](/wiki/Pancasila_%28politics%29 "Pancasila (politics)")* could be reduced to the idea of {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}. On June 1, 1945, Sukarno said of the Pancasila:
> The first two principles, nationalism and internationalism, can be pressed to one, which I used to call 'socionationalism.' Similarly with democracy 'which is not the democracy of the West' together with social justice for all can be pressed down to one, and called socio democracy. Finally{{snd}} belief in God. 'And so what originally was five has become three: socio nationalism, socio democracy, and belief in God.' 'If I press down five to get three, and three to get one, then I have a genuine Indonesian term{{snd}}GOTONG ROYONG \[mutual co\-operation]. The state of Indonesia which we are to establish should be a state of mutual co\-operation. How fine that is ! A Gotong Royong state!{{cite web \|url\=http://www.antenna.nl/\~fwillems/eng/ic/pki/sal/salim.html \|title\=BUNG KARNO: 6 JUNE \- 21 JUNE \|publisher\=Antenna \|access\-date\=25 March 2013}}
In 1960, Sukarno dissolved the elected parliament and implemented the [*Gotong Royong* Parliament](/wiki/People%27s_Representative_Council%23Guided_Democracy "People's Representative Council#Guided Democracy"). Governor of [Jakarta](/wiki/Jakarta "Jakarta"), [Ali Sadikin](/wiki/Ali_Sadikin "Ali Sadikin"), spoke of a desire to reinvigorate urban areas with village sociality, with {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}.{{cite book \|last\=Kusno \|first\=Abidin \|title\=Behind the Postcolonial: Architecture, Urban Space and Political Cultures \|year\=2003 \|publisher\=Routledge \|location\=NY \|page\=152}} Suharto's New Order was characterized by much discourse about tradition. During the New Order, Siskamling harnessed the idea of {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}. By the 1990s, if not sooner, {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} had been "fossilized" by New Order sloganeering.{{cite book \|last\=Anderson \|first\=Benedict \|author\-link\=Benedict Anderson \|title\=Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia \|url\=https://archive.org/details/languagepowerexp00ande\_0\|url\-access\=registration \|year\=1990 \|publisher\=Cornell UP \|location\=Ithaca, NY \|page\=\[https://archive.org/details/languagepowerexp00ande\_0/page/148 148]}} During the presidency of [Megawati](/wiki/Megawati "Megawati"), the [Gotong Royong Cabinet](/wiki/Mutual_Assistance_Cabinet "Mutual Assistance Cabinet") was implemented. It lasted from 2001 to 2004\.
#### Philippines
[thumb\|Members of the community volunteering to move a house to new location. Though no longer commonplace, this method of moving houses has become a traditional symbol for the concept of {{Lang\|fil\|bayanihan}}.](/wiki/File:Bayanihan_2.JPG "Bayanihan 2.JPG")
{{Lang\|fil\|Bayanihan}} ({{IPAc\-en\|b\|aɪ\|ə\|n\|i\|h\|ə\|n}}, {{IPA\|tl\|ˌbajɐˈnihan\|IPA}}) is a [Filipino](/wiki/Filipino_language "Filipino language") term taken from the word {{Lang\|fil\|bayan}}, referring to a nation, country,{{cite book \|last1\=Visser \|first1\=Wayne \|last2\=Tolhurst \|first2\=Nick \|title\=The World Guide to CSR: A Country\-by\-Country Analysis of Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility \|date\=2017 \|publisher\=Routledge \|isbn\=978\-1\-351\-27890\-4 \|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=4Kk0DwAAQBAJ\&pg\=PT60 \|access\-date\=9 April 2020 \|language\=en}} town or community. The whole term {{Lang\|fil\|bayanihan}} refers to a spirit of communal unity or effort to achieve a particular objective. It is focused on doing things as a group as it relates to one's community.{{cite book \|last1\=Gripaldo \|first1\=Rolando M. \|title\=Filipino Cultural Traits: Claro R. Ceniza Lectures \|date\=2005 \|publisher\=CRVP \|isbn\=978\-1\-56518\-225\-7 \|page\=173 \|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=hXJe6vKMjroC\&pg\=PA173 \|access\-date\=9 April 2020 \|language\=en}}
##### Etymology
The term {{Lang\|fil\|bayanihan}} originated in the practice of volunteers from a community helping a family move by carrying the house itself, a tradition which remains the classic illustration for the concept as a whole.{{cite book \|last1\=Smith \|first1\=Bradford \|last2\=Shue \|first2\=Sylvia \|last3\=Villarreal \|first3\=Joseph \|title\=Asian and Hispanic philanthropy: sharing and giving money, goods, and services in the Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Mexican, and Guatemalan communities in the San Francisco Bay Area \|date\=1992 \|publisher\=University of San Francisco, Institute for Nonprofit Organization Management, College of Professional Studies \|page\=113 \|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=kv27AAAAIAAJ \|access\-date\=9 April 2020 \|language\=en}} The feat is accomplished by building a frame from bamboo poles, which individuals stationed at the ends of each pole then use to lift and carry the house. The family traditionally shows their gratitude for the assistance by hosting a small [fiesta](/wiki/Festival "Festival").
##### Usage
In society, {{Lang\|fil\|bayanihan}} has been adopted as a term to refer to a local civil effort to resolve national issues. One of the first groups to use the term is the [Bayanihan Philippine National Folk Dance Company](/wiki/Bayanihan_Philippine_National_Folk_Dance_Company "Bayanihan Philippine National Folk Dance Company") which travels to countries to perform traditional folk dances of the country with the objective of promoting Philippine culture. The concept is related to {{Lang\|fil\|damayán}} ('to help one another').
In computing, the term {{Lang\|fil\|bayanihan}} has evolved into many meanings and incorporated as [codenames](/wiki/Codename "Codename") to projects that depict the spirit of cooperative effort involving a community of members. An example of these projects is the Bayanihan Linux project which is a Philippines\-based desktop\-focused Linux distribution.
In ethnic newspapers, *Bayanihan News* is the name of the community newspaper for the Philippine community in Australia. It is in English and in Filipino with regular news and articles on Philippine current events and history. It was established in October 1998 in Sydney, Australia.
#### Iran
{{Multiple issues\|{{unreferenced section\|date\=February 2022}}
{{off topic\|date\=February 2022}}\|section\=y}}
[Basij](/wiki/Basij "Basij") was created after the Islamic Revolution and during the Iran and Iraq wars. It was an organization which aimed to gather volunteers for fighting in the frontline. It was also a central idea of utilizing donations and volunteers to help the soldiers and bringing aid to the frontline.
Women played a big role by knitting warm clothes, making foods, sewing new uniforms or religious accessories.
Basij's aim and goals have been shifted and distorted after the war; after the war ended the Basij organization continue working as a center to spread ideologies of the Islamic revolution in schools and mosques.
Basij now is part of the [Sepah](/wiki/Sepah "Sepah") army (military, cultural and financial) organization which receives an undefined budget from the government.
#### Turkey
{{Lang\|tr\|Imece}} is a name given for a traditional [Turkish](/wiki/Turkish_people "Turkish people") village\-scale [collaboration](/wiki/Collaboration "Collaboration").{{Cite web \|title\=Academy to raise new generation of farmers \- Latest News \|url\=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/academy\-to\-raise\-new\-generation\-of\-farmers\-173433 \|url\-status\=live \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504140122/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/academy\-to\-raise\-new\-generation\-of\-farmers\-173433 \|archive\-date\=2022\-05\-04 \|access\-date\=2023\-04\-08 \|website\=Hürriyet Daily News \|date\=2 May 2022 \|language\=en}} For example, if a couple is getting married, villagers participate in the overall organization of the ceremony including but not limited to preparation of the celebration venue, food, building and settlement of the new house for the newly weds. Tasks are often distributed according to expertise and has no central authority to govern activities.{{Citation needed\|date\=April 2023}}
### Europe
#### Finland \& the Baltics
[thumb\|right\|A tent is being raised in a {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}} for midsummer in [Ylimuonio](/wiki/Muonio "Muonio") in 2005\.](/wiki/Image:Talkoot_Ylimuonio.JPG "Talkoot Ylimuonio.JPG")
{{Lang\|fi\|Talkoot}} (from [Finnish](/wiki/Finnish_language "Finnish language") {{Lang\|fi\|talkoo}}, almost always used in plural, {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}}) is a Finnish expression for a gathering of friends and neighbors organized to accomplish a task. The word is [borrowed](/wiki/Loanword "Loanword") into [Finland Swedish](/wiki/Finland_Swedish "Finland Swedish") as {{Lang\|sv\-fi\|talko}}Mikael Reuter: [*En/ett iögonfallande talko?*](http://www.kotus.fi/?l=sv&=1551) {{in lang\|sv}}. Retrieved: 2010\-10\-04\. but is unknown to most [Swedes](/wiki/Sweden "Sweden"). However, cognate terms and in approximately the same context are used in [Estonia](/wiki/Estonia "Estonia") ({{Lang\|et\|talgu(d)}}),{{cite web\|url\=http://www.eki.ee/dict/ekss/index.cgi?Q\=talgu\&F\=M\|title\=\[EKSS] "Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat"\|work\=eki.ee}} Latvia (noun {{Lang\|lv\|talka}}, verb {{Lang\|lv\|talkot}}), and Lithuania (noun {{Lang\|lt\|talka}}, verb {{Lang\|lt\|talkauti}}). It is the cultural equivalent of communal work in a village community, although adapted to the conditions of [Finland](/wiki/Finland "Finland"), where most families traditionally lived in isolated farms often miles away from the nearest village.
A {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}} is by definition voluntary, and the work is unpaid. The voluntary nature might be imaginary due to [social pressure](/wiki/Social_pressure "Social pressure"), especially in small communities, and one's honour and reputation may be severely damaged by non\-attendance or laziness. The task of the {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}} may be something that is a common concern for the good of the group, or it may be to help someone with a task that exceeds his or her own capacity. For instance, elderly neighbours or relatives can need help if their house or garden is damaged by a storm, or siblings can agree to arrange a party for a parent's special birthday as a {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}}.
Typically, club houses, landings, churches, and parish halls can be repaired through a {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}}, or environmental tasks for the neighborhood are undertaken. The parents of pre\-school children may gather to improve the playground, or the tenants of a tenement house may arrange a {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}} to put their garden in order for the summer or winter. A person unable to contribute with actual work may contribute food for the {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}} party, or act as a baby\-sitter. When a {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}} is for the benefit of an individual, he or she is the host of the {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}} party and is obliged to offer food and drink.
#### Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland
{{Lang\|ru\-latn\|Toloka}}{{cite web \|url\=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/vasmer/48989/%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0 \|title\=Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary \|work\=dic.academic.ru}} or {{Lang\|ru\-latn\|taloka}} (also {{Lang\|ru\-latn\|pomoch}}) in [Russian](/wiki/Russian_language "Russian language") ({{Lang\|uk\-latn\|toloka}} in [Ukrainian](/wiki/Ukrainian_language "Ukrainian language") and {{Lang\|be\-latn\|talaka}} in [Belarusian](/wiki/Belarusian_language "Belarusian language"), {{Lang\|pl\|tłoka}} in [Polish](/wiki/Polish_language "Polish language")) is the form of communal voluntary work. Neighbours gather together to build something , to harvest crops, etc.
#### Hungary
{{Lang\|hu\|Kaláka}} ({{IPA\-hu\|ˈkɒlaːkɒ\|IPA}}) is the [Hungarian](/wiki/Hungarian_language "Hungarian language") word for working together for a common goal. This can be building a house or doing agricultural activities together, or any other communal work on a volunteer basis.
#### Ireland
{{Lang\|ga\|Meitheal}} ({{IPA\-ga\|ˈmʲɛhəlˠ\|IPA}}) is the [Irish](/wiki/Irish_language "Irish language") word for a work team, gang, or party and denotes the co\-operative labour system in [Ireland](/wiki/Ireland "Ireland") where groups of neighbours help each other in turn with farming work such as harvesting crops.{{cite web \|url\=http://www.englishirishdictionary.com/dictionary?language\=irish\&word\=meitheal \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710193305/http://www.englishirishdictionary.com/dictionary?language\=irish\&word\=meitheal \|archive\-date\=10 July 2011 \|title\=Meitheal \|work\=Irish Dictionary Online \|publisher\=englishirishdictionary.com \|access\-date\=28 March 2013 }}
The term is used in various writings of Irish language authors. It can convey the idea of community spirit in which neighbours respond to each other's needs. In modern use for example, a {{Lang\|ga\|meitheal}} could be a party of neighbours and friends invited to help decorate a house in exchange for food and drink, or in [scouting](/wiki/Scouting "Scouting"), where volunteer campsite wardens maintain campsites around Ireland.{{cite web \| url\=https://issuu.com/scoutingireland/docs/larch\_hill\_history\_handbook \| title\=The Larch Hill Story by Scouting Ireland \- Issuu \| date\=7 February 2021 }}
#### Spain
{{Lang\|ast\|Andecha}} (from Latin {{Lang\|la\|indictia}} 'announcement) is voluntary, unpaid and punctual aid to help a neighbor carry out agricultural tasks (cutting hay, harvesting potatoes, building a barn, collecting apples to make cider, etc.). The work is rewarded with a snack or a small party and the tacit commitment that the person assisted will come with their family to the call of another {{Lang\|ast\|andecha}} when another neighbor requests it.{{Cite web \| url\=https://dej.rae.es/lema/andecha \| title\=Definición de andecha \- Diccionario panhispánico del español jurídico \- RAE }} It is very similar to the Irish {{Lang\|ga\|meitheal}}.
It should not be confused with another Asturian collective work institution, the {{Lang\|ast\|sestaferia}}. In this, the provision of the service is mandatory (under penalty of fine) and is not called a to help of an individual but the provision of common services (repair of bridges, cleaning of roads, etc.)
#### Norway
**{{Lang\|no\|Dugnad}}** is a Norwegian term for voluntary work done together with other people.{{cite book \|title\=The political economy of rural development: modernisation without centralisation? \|author1\=Ottar Brox \|author2\=John M. Bryden \|author3\=Robert Storey \|year\=2006 \|publisher\=Eburon Uitgeverij B.V \|isbn\=90\-5972\-086\-5\| page\=79 \|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=aA2HHUYAZlwC}} It is a core phenomenon for Norwegians, and the word was voted as the Norwegian word of the year 2004 in the TV programme *[Typisk norsk](/wiki/Typisk_norsk "Typisk norsk")* ('Typically Norwegian'). Participation in a {{Lang\|no\|dugnad}} is often followed by a common meal, served by the host, or consisting of various dishes brought by the participants, thus the meal is also a dugnad.
In urban areas, the {{Lang\|no\|dugnad}} is most commonly identified with outdoor spring cleaning and gardening in housing co\-operatives. {{Lang\|no\|Dugnader}} (plural) are also a phenomenon in kindergartens and elementary schools to make the area nice, clean and safe and to do decorating etc. such as painting and other types of maintenance. {{Lang\|no\|Dugnader}} occur more widely in remote and rural areas. Neighbours sometimes participate during house or garage building, and organizations (such as kindergartens or non\-profit organisations) may arrange annual {{Lang\|no\|dugnader}}.
The Norwegian word {{Lang\|no\|dugnadsånd}} is translatable to the spirit of will to work together for a better community. Many Norwegians will describe this as a typical Norwegian thing to have.
The word {{Lang\|no\|dugnad}} was used to unite the people of Norway to cooperate and shut down public activities to fight the pandemic of 2020\.[One Word Spared Norway From COVID\-19 Disaster](https://medium.com/@kelseylo/one-word-spared-norway-from-covid-19-disaster-96c7f1853395) Kelsey L.O. July 20, 2020
#### Serbia
{{Unreferenced section\|date\=February 2022}}
{{Lang\|sr\-latn\|Moba}} (Serbian: {{Lang\|sr\|моба}}) is an old Serbian tradition of communal self\-help in villages. It was a request for help in labor\-intensive activities, like harvesting wheat, building a church or repairing village roads.
The work was entirely voluntary and no compensation, except possibly meals for workers, was expected.
### North America
#### Cherokee
{{Lang\|chr\-latn\|Gadugi}} (Cherokee: {{Lang\|chr\|ᎦᏚᎩ}}) is a term used in the [Cherokee language](/wiki/Cherokee_language "Cherokee language") which means 'working together'{{cite web \|url\=http://www.gadugisafecenter.org/mission.html \|title\=GaDuGi SafeCenter's Mission Statement and Vision Statement \|publisher\=GaDuGi SafeCenter \|access\-date\=25 March 2013}} or 'cooperative labor' within a community.{{cite book \|last\=Feeling \|first\=Durbin \|title\=Cherokee\-English Dictionary \|url\=https://archive.org/details/cherokeeenglishd0000feel \|url\-access\=registration \|year\=1975 \|publisher\=Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma \|page\=\[https://archive.org/details/cherokeeenglishd0000feel/page/73 73] }} Historically, the word referred to a labor gang of men and/or women working together for projects such as harvesting crops or tending to gardens of elderly or infirm tribal members.{{cite web \|url\=http://www.cherokee.org/AboutTheNation/History/Facts/24462/Information.aspx \|title\=The Origin of Gadugi \|last1\=Dunaway \|first1\=Wilma \|publisher\=Cherokee Nation \|access\-date\=28 March 2013}} The word {{Lang\|chr\|Gadugi}} was derived from the [Cherokee](/wiki/Cherokee "Cherokee") word for 'bread', which is {{Lang\|chr\|Gadu}}.
In recent years the [Cherokee Nation](/wiki/Cherokee_Nation "Cherokee Nation") tribal government has promoted the concept of {{Lang\|chr\|Gadugi}}*.* The GaDuGi Health Center is a tribally run clinic in [Tahlequah, Oklahoma](/wiki/Tahlequah%2C_Oklahoma "Tahlequah, Oklahoma"), the capital of the Cherokee Nation. The concept is becoming more widely known. In Lawrence, Kansas, in 2004 the [rape crisis center](/wiki/Rape_crisis_centers_in_the_United_States "Rape crisis centers in the United States") affiliated with the [University of Kansas](/wiki/University_of_Kansas "University of Kansas"), adopted the name the Gadugi Safe Center for its programs to aid all people affected by sexual violence.
### Latin America
#### Dominican Republic
{{Expand section\|date\=February 2022}}
{{Lang\|es\|Convite}}.
#### Haiti
{{Expand section\|date\=February 2022}}
{{Lang\|ht\|Konbit}} or {{Lang\|ht\|Tet Ansanm}} in [Haitian Creole](/wiki/Haitian_Creole "Haitian Creole").
#### Mexico
{{Expand section\|date\=February 2022}}
*[Tequio](/wiki/Tequio "Tequio")*. Zapoteca
#### Quechua
{{Main\|Minka (communal work)}}
{{Lang\|qu\|Mink'a}} or {{Lang\|qu\|minka}} ([Quechua](/wiki/Quechua_language "Quechua language")Teofilo Laime Ajacopa, Diccionario Bilingüe Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha, La Paz, 2007 (Quechua\-Spanish dictionary)Diccionario Quechua \- Español \- Quechua, Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Gobierno Regional Cusco, Cusco 2005 (Quechua\-Spanish dictionary) or [Kichwa](/wiki/Kichwa_language "Kichwa language"),Fabián Potosí C. et al., Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador: Kichwa Yachakukkunapa Shimiyuk Kamu, Runa Shimi \- Mishu Shimi, Mishu Shimi \- Runa Shimi. Quito (DINEIB, Ecuador) 2009\. (Kichwa\-Spanish dictionary) [Hispanicized](/wiki/Spanish_language "Spanish language") {{Lang\|es\|minca}}*,* {{Lang\|es\|minga}}) is a type of traditional communal work in the [Andes](/wiki/Andes "Andes") in favor of the whole community *([ayllu](/wiki/Ayllu "Ayllu"))*. Participants are traditionally paid in kind. {{Lang\|qu\|Mink'a}} is still practiced in [indigenous](/wiki/Indigenous_peoples "Indigenous peoples") communities in [Peru](/wiki/Peru "Peru"), [Colombia](/wiki/Colombia "Colombia"), [Ecuador](/wiki/Ecuador "Ecuador"), [Bolivia](/wiki/Bolivia "Bolivia"), and [Chile](/wiki/Chile "Chile"), especially among the [Quechua](/wiki/Quechua_people "Quechua people") and the [Aymara](/wiki/Aymara_people "Aymara people").
#### Pre\-Incaic Andean
{{Cleanup lang\|section\|date\=February 2022}}
Before the Inca conquest of around 1450, the [Aymara kingdoms](/wiki/Aymara_kingdoms "Aymara kingdoms") practiced two forms of communal work – *[Ayni](/wiki/Ayni "Ayni")*, which refers to work undertaken for one's own local community, or [Ayllu](/wiki/Ayllu "Ayllu") with many tasks subdivided according to gender roles (*Chachawarmi*), and *Minka,* which refers to communal work taking place across different Ayllus such as building work or work undertaken during seasonal migrations such as the Aymaras from the Altiplano i.e. areas of the Andes mountains at too high an altitude for agriculture, migrating with their camelids to agricultural areas in the Precordillera, and then to the forests that were once present in today's [Atacama Desert](/wiki/Atacama_Desert "Atacama Desert") and finally helping build boats with the [Chango peoples](/wiki/Chango_people "Chango people") in the sea area near present\-day [Arica](/wiki/Arica "Arica") or [Tacna](/wiki/Tacna "Tacna"), in return for fish which has been found in the stomachs of mummies found at said high altitudes such as around lake TiticacaPage 95, Juan Van Kessel, Holocausto al progreso, Los Aymaras de Tarapaca. Iecta, Iquique Chile 2003 The Inca added the practice of Mita (forced labour for the empire, e.g. silver mining) and the Yanakuna who are skilled individuals forcibly removed from their Ayllus to perform a task for the empire, for example as architects/builders. The concept of [Minga](/wiki/Minka_%28communal_work%29 "Minka (communal work)") in particular has been shown to encompass various forms of Andean communal work used from the Mapuche peoples in the south to the Moche and other Pre\-Chavin peoples near Cuzco in what is now Peru.El ayni y la minka: dos formas colectivas de trabajo de las sociedades pre\-Chavin <https://www.academia.edu/26924247/El_ayni_y_la_minka_dos_formas_colectivas_de_trabajo_de_las_sociedades_pre_Chavin>
#### Brazil
{{Unreferenced section\|date\=February 2022}}
*{{ill\|Mutirão\|pt}}* is, in Brazil, a collective mobilization to achieve an end, based on mutual help provided free of charge. It is an expression originally used for working in the countryside, or for the construction of low\-income houses. In a {{Lang\|pt\-br\|mutirão}}, everyone is simultaneously benevolent and beneficiary and works in a rotating system and without hierarchy.
Currently, by extension of meaning, {{Lang\|pt\-br\|mutirão}} can designate any collective initiative for the execution of an unpaid service, such as a joint effort to paint a neighborhood school, clean a park and others.
The word {{Lang\|pt\-br\|mutirão}} comes from the [Tupi](/wiki/Tupi_language "Tupi language") term {{Lang\|tpn\|motyrõ}}, which means 'work in common'. The same Tupi term gave rise to several other spellings, all currently in disuse ({{Lang\|pt\-br\|motirão}}, {{Lang\|pt\-br\|muquirão}}, {{Lang\|pt\-br\|mutirom}}, {{Lang\|pt\-br\|mutirum}}, {{Lang\|pt\-br\|mutrião}}, {{Lang\|pt\-br\|muxiran}}, {{Lang\|pt\-br\|muxirão}}, {{Lang\|pt\-br\|muxirom}}, {{Lang\|pt\-br\|pixurum}}, {{Lang\|pt\-br\|ponxirão}}, {{Lang\|pt\-br\|punxirão}}, {{Lang\|pt\-br\|putirão}}, {{Lang\|pt\-br\|putirom}}, {{Lang\|pt\-br\|putirum}}, {{Lang\|pt\-br\|puxirum}}).
#### Chile
In rural southern Chile, labor reciprocity and communal work remained common through the twentieth century and into the twenty\-first, particularly in rural communities on the [Archipelago of Chiloé](/wiki/Archipelago_of_Chilo%C3%A9 "Archipelago of Chiloé").Daughters, Anton. "Solidarity and Resistance on the Island of Llingua." *Anthropology Now* 7:1 pp.1\-11 (April 2015\) Referred to as {{Lang\|es\|mingas}}, the practice can be traced to pre\-contact Mapuche and Huilliche traditions of communal labor.Cárdenas Álvarez, Renato, Daniel Montiel Vera, and Catherine Grace Hall. *Los Chonos y los Veliche de Chiloé* (Santiago, Chile: Ediciones Olimpho) 1991 In Chiloé, {{Lang\|es\|mingas}} took the form either of {{Lang\|es\|días cambiados}} (tit for tat exchanges of labor between neighbors) or large\-scale work parties hosted by a particular family, accompanied by food and drink, and often lasting several days.Daughters, Anton. "Southern Chile's Archipelago of Chiloé: Shifting Identities in a New Economy." *Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology* 21:2 pp.317\.335 (July 2016\) Most agricultural work and community construction projects were done by way of {{Lang\|es\|mingas}}. The {{Lang\|es\|tiradura de casa}} ('house pull') involved moving a house from one location to another.
#### Panama
In rural Panama, especially in the [Azuero peninsula](/wiki/Azuero_Peninsula "Azuero Peninsula") region and its diaspora, it is common to hold a {{Lang\|es\|junta}} party{{Cite web\|url\=http://folklore.panamatipico.com/english/articulo.php?articulo\=85\|title\=Folklore.PanamaTipico.com (English)\|website\=folklore.panamatipico.com\|access\-date\=2018\-10\-30}} as a communal labor event. Most commonly these events are used to harvest rice, clear brush with machetes, or to build houses. Workers generally work without compensation but are provided with meals and often alcoholic beverages such as fermented [chicha fuerte](/wiki/Fermented_beverage "Fermented beverage") and [seco](/wiki/Seco_Herrerano "Seco Herrerano").
|
[
"In specific cultures\n--------------------",
"### Africa",
"#### East Africa",
"{{Unreferenced section\\|date\\=February 2022}}\n*[Harambee](/wiki/Harambee \"Harambee\")* ({{IPA\\-sw\\|hɑrɑˈᵐbɛː\\|lang}}) is an [East African](/wiki/East_Africa \"East Africa\") ([Kenyan](/wiki/Kenya \"Kenya\"), [Tanzanian](/wiki/Tanzania \"Tanzania\") and [Ugandan](/wiki/Uganda \"Uganda\")) tradition of community self\\-help events, e.g. [fundraising](/wiki/Fundraising \"Fundraising\") or development activities. {{Lang\\|sw\\|Harambee}} literally means 'all pull together' in [Swahili](/wiki/Swahili_language \"Swahili language\"), and is also the official [motto](/wiki/List_of_national_mottos \"List of national mottos\") of Kenya and appears on its [coat of arms](/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya \"Coat of arms of Kenya\").",
"#### Rwanda",
"*[Umuganda](/wiki/Umuganda \"Umuganda\")* is a national day of community service held on the last Saturday of each month in Rwanda. In 2009, *umuganda*{{Which lang\\|date\\=February 2022}} was institutionalized in the country. It is translated as 'coming together in common purpose to achieve an outcome'.{{Cite web\\|url\\=http://www.rgb.rw/index.php?id\\=37\\|title\\=Umuganda\\|website\\=Rwanda Governance Board\\|access\\-date\\=2019\\-12\\-03}}",
"#### Ethiopia",
"{{Unreferenced section\\|date\\=February 2022}}\nA social event is held to build a house or a farm, especially for elderly and widows who do not have the [physical strength](/wiki/Physical_strength \"Physical strength\") to do it on their own.",
"#### Sudan",
"{{transl\\|ar\\|Wehr\\|Naffīr}} ({{lang\\|ar\\|نَفِّير}}) is an [Arabic](/wiki/Arabic_language \"Arabic language\") word used in parts of [Sudan](/wiki/Sudan \"Sudan\") (including [Kordofan](/wiki/Kordofan \"Kordofan\"), [Darfur](/wiki/Darfur \"Darfur\"), parts of the [Nuba mountains](/wiki/Nuba_mountains \"Nuba mountains\") and [Kassala](/wiki/Kassala \"Kassala\")) to describe particular types of communal work undertakings. {{Lang\\|ar\\-latn\\|Naffīr}} has been described as including a group recruited through family networks, in\\-laws and village neighbors for some particular purpose, which then disbands when that purpose is fulfilled.{{cite book \\|last1\\=Manger \\|first1\\=Leif O. \\|year\\=1987 \\|title\\=Communal Labour in the Sudan \\|page\\=7 \\|publisher\\=University of Bergen \\|series\\=Bergen Studies in Social Anthropology \\|volume\\=41 \\|oclc\\=17785838}} An alternative, more recent, definition describes {{Lang\\|ar\\-latn\\|naffīr}} as 'to bring someone together from the neighborhood or community to carry out a certain project, such as building a house or providing help during the harvest season'.'Conceptual analysis of volunteer', 2004",
"The word may be related to the [standard Arabic](/wiki/Standard_Arabic \"Standard Arabic\") word {{transl\\|ar\\|Wehr\\|nafr}} ({{lang\\|ar\\|نَفْر}}) which describes a band, party, group or troop, typically mobilized for war. In standard Arabic, a {{transl\\|ar\\|Wehr\\|naffīr ʽāmm}} ({{lang\\|ar\\|نَفِّير عَامّ}}) refers to a general call to arms.{{cite book \\|last\\=Wehr \\|first\\=Hans \\|title\\=A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, Arabic \\- English \\|publisher\\= Librarie Du Liban \\|location\\=Beirut }}",
"{{Lang\\|ar\\-Latn\\|Naffīr}} has also been used in a military context in Sudan. For example, the term was used to refer to {{lang\\|ar\\|النَّفِّير الشَّعَبِي}} {{transl\\|ar\\|Wehr\\|an\\-Naffīr aš\\-Šaʽabī}} or \"the People's Militias\" that operated in the central Nuba Mountains region in the early 1990s.{{cite journal \\|last1\\=Kevlihan \\|first1\\=Rob \\|year\\=2005 \\|title\\=Developing Connectors in Humanitarian Emergencies: Is it possible in Sudan? \\|journal\\=Humanitarian Exchange \\|volume\\=30 \\|url\\=http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2005/odihpn\\-gen\\-30jun.pdf}}",
"#### Liberia",
"*Kuu*{{Which lang\\|date\\=February 2022}} is a labor\\-sharing arrangement in [Liberia](/wiki/Liberia \"Liberia\"), especially for seasonal work.{{cite journal \\|last1\\=de la Fuente \\|first1\\=Alejandro \\|last2\\=Jacoby \\|first2\\=Hanan G \\|last3\\=Lawin \\|first3\\=Kotchikpa Gabriel \\|title\\=Impact of the West African Ebola Epidemic on Agricultural Production and Rural Welfare: Evidence from Liberia \\|journal\\=Journal of African Economies \\|date\\=2 June 2020 \\|volume\\=29 \\|issue\\=5 \\|pages\\=454–474 \\|doi\\=10\\.1093/jae/ejaa002 \\|hdl\\=10986/31870 \\|hdl\\-access\\=free }}",
"### Asia",
"#### Indonesia \\& Malaysia",
"[thumb\\|right\\|The traditional communal *[slametan](/wiki/Slametan \"Slametan\")* {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|unggahan}} ceremony of Bonokeling village, [Banyumas](/wiki/Banyumas \"Banyumas\"), Central Java, in which the participants literally perform the notion of {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} (carrying together).](/wiki/File:Tradisi_Unggahan_Bonokeling.jpg \"Tradisi Unggahan Bonokeling.jpg\")\n*Gotong\\-royong* is a conception of sociality ethos familiar to [Indonesia](/wiki/Indonesia \"Indonesia\"). In [Indonesian languages](/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia \"Languages of Indonesia\") especially [Javanese](/wiki/Javanese_language \"Javanese language\"), {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong}} means 'carrying a burden using one's shoulder', while {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|royong}} means 'together' or 'communally', thus the combined phrase {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} can be translated literally as 'joint bearing of burdens'. It translate to working together, helping each other or mutual assistance.{{Cite web\\|title\\=Gotong Royong \\- KBBI Daring \\|url\\=https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/gotong%20royong\\|website\\=kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id\\|access\\-date\\=2020\\-05\\-23}} The village's public facilities, such as irrigation, streets, and houses of worship (mosque, church or [pura](/wiki/Balinese_temple \"Balinese temple\")) are usually constructed through {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}, where the funds and materials are collected mutually. Traditional communal events, such as the *[slametan](/wiki/Slametan \"Slametan\")* ceremony, are also usually held in the {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} ethos of communal work spirit, which each member of society is expected to contribute to and participate in the endeavour harmoniously.",
"The phrase has been translated into English in many ways, most of which hearken to the conception of reciprocity or [mutual aid](/wiki/Mutual_aid_%28organization%29 \"Mutual aid (organization)\"). For [M. Nasroen](/wiki/M._Nasroen \"M. Nasroen\"), {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} forms one of the core tenets of Indonesian philosophy. Paul Michael Taylor and Lorraine V. Aragon state that \"{{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} \\[is] cooperation among many people to attain a shared goal.\"{{cite book \\|last1\\=Taylor \\|first1\\=Paul Michael \\|last2\\=Aragon \\|first2\\=Lorraine V \\|title\\=Beyond the Java Sea: Art of Indonesia's Outer Islands \\|year\\=1991 \\|publisher\\=Abrams \\|isbn\\=0\\-8109\\-3112\\-5 \\|page\\=10}}",
"##### Background",
"In a 1983 essay [Clifford Geertz](/wiki/Clifford_Geertz \"Clifford Geertz\") points to the importance of {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} in Indonesian life:",
"",
"> An enormous inventory of highly specific and often quite intricate institutions for effecting the cooperation in work, politics, and personal relations alike, vaguely gathered under culturally charged and fairly well indefinable value\\-images—{{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|rukun}} ('mutual adjustment'), {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} ('joint bearing of burdens'), {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|tolong\\-menolong}} ('reciprocal assistance')—governs social interaction with a force as sovereign as it is subdued.Geertz, Clifford. \"Local Knowledge: Fact and Law in Comparative Perspective,\" pp. 167–234 in Geertz *Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology,* NY: Basic Books. 1983\\.",
"Anthropologist Robert A. Hahn writes:",
"",
"> Javanese culture is stratified by social class and by level of adherence to Islam. ...Traditional Javanese culture does not emphasize material wealth. ...There is respect for those who contribute to the general village welfare over personal gain. And the spirit of {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}*,* or volunteerism, is promoted as a cultural value.{{cite book \\|last\\=Hahn \\|first\\=Robert A. \\|title\\=Anthropology in Public Health: Bridging Differences in Culture and Society \\|year\\=1999 \\|publisher\\=Oxford University Press \\|location\\=Oxford, UK }}",
"{{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|Gotong \\- royong}} has long functioned as the scale of the village, as a moral conception of the political economy. Pottier records the impact of the [Green Revolution](/wiki/Green_Revolution \"Green Revolution\") in Java:",
"",
"> \"Before the GR, 'Java' had relatively 'open' markets, in which many local people were rewarded in kind. With the GR, rural labour markets began to foster 'exclusionary practices'... This resulted in a general loss of rights, especially secure harvesting rights within a context of mutual cooperation, known as {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}*.*\"",
"Citing [Ann Laura Stoler](/wiki/Ann_Laura_Stoler \"Ann Laura Stoler\")'s ethnography from the 1970s, Pottier writes that cash was replacing exchange, that old patron\\-client ties were breaking, and that social relations were becoming characterized more by employer\\-employee qualities.{{cite book \\|last\\=Pottier \\|first\\=Johan \\|title\\=Anthropology of Food: The Social Dynamics of Food Security \\|year\\=1999 \\|publisher\\=Blackwell \\|location\\=Oxford, UK \\|page\\=84}}",
"##### Political appropriation",
"For Prime Minister [Muhammad Natsir](/wiki/Muhammad_Natsir \"Muhammad Natsir\"), {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} was an ethical principle of sociality, in marked contrast to both the \"unchecked\" feudalism of the West, and the social [anomie](/wiki/Anomie \"Anomie\") of [capitalism](/wiki/Capitalism \"Capitalism\").Natsir, Muhammad. \"The Indonesian Revolution.\" In Kurzman, Charles *Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook*, p. 62\\. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 1998\\.",
"Ideas of reciprocity, ancient and deeply enmeshed aspects of *[kampung](/wiki/Kampung \"Kampung\")* morality, were seized upon by [postcolonial](/wiki/Postcolonial \"Postcolonial\") politicians. John Sidel writes: \"Ironically, national\\-level politicians drew on \"village conceptions of *[adat](/wiki/Adat \"Adat\")* and {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}. They drew on notions \"of traditional community to justify new forms of authoritarian rule.\"{{cite book \\|last\\=Sidel \\|first\\=John Thayer \\|title\\=Riots, Pogroms, Jihad: Religious Violence in Indonesia \\|url\\=https://archive.org/details/riotspogromsjiha00side\\|url\\-access\\=registration \\|year\\=2006 \\|publisher\\=Cornell University Press \\|location\\=Ithaca, NY \\|page\\=\\[https://archive.org/details/riotspogromsjiha00side/page/32 32]}}",
"During the presidency of [Sukarno](/wiki/Sukarno \"Sukarno\"), the idea of {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} was officially elevated to a central tenet of Indonesian life. For Sukarno, the new nation was to be synonymous with {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}. He said that the *[Pancasila](/wiki/Pancasila_%28politics%29 \"Pancasila (politics)\")* could be reduced to the idea of {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}. On June 1, 1945, Sukarno said of the Pancasila:",
"",
"> The first two principles, nationalism and internationalism, can be pressed to one, which I used to call 'socionationalism.' Similarly with democracy 'which is not the democracy of the West' together with social justice for all can be pressed down to one, and called socio democracy. Finally{{snd}} belief in God. 'And so what originally was five has become three: socio nationalism, socio democracy, and belief in God.' 'If I press down five to get three, and three to get one, then I have a genuine Indonesian term{{snd}}GOTONG ROYONG \\[mutual co\\-operation]. The state of Indonesia which we are to establish should be a state of mutual co\\-operation. How fine that is ! A Gotong Royong state!{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.antenna.nl/\\~fwillems/eng/ic/pki/sal/salim.html \\|title\\=BUNG KARNO: 6 JUNE \\- 21 JUNE \\|publisher\\=Antenna \\|access\\-date\\=25 March 2013}}",
"In 1960, Sukarno dissolved the elected parliament and implemented the [*Gotong Royong* Parliament](/wiki/People%27s_Representative_Council%23Guided_Democracy \"People's Representative Council#Guided Democracy\"). Governor of [Jakarta](/wiki/Jakarta \"Jakarta\"), [Ali Sadikin](/wiki/Ali_Sadikin \"Ali Sadikin\"), spoke of a desire to reinvigorate urban areas with village sociality, with {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}.{{cite book \\|last\\=Kusno \\|first\\=Abidin \\|title\\=Behind the Postcolonial: Architecture, Urban Space and Political Cultures \\|year\\=2003 \\|publisher\\=Routledge \\|location\\=NY \\|page\\=152}} Suharto's New Order was characterized by much discourse about tradition. During the New Order, Siskamling harnessed the idea of {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}. By the 1990s, if not sooner, {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} had been \"fossilized\" by New Order sloganeering.{{cite book \\|last\\=Anderson \\|first\\=Benedict \\|author\\-link\\=Benedict Anderson \\|title\\=Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia \\|url\\=https://archive.org/details/languagepowerexp00ande\\_0\\|url\\-access\\=registration \\|year\\=1990 \\|publisher\\=Cornell UP \\|location\\=Ithaca, NY \\|page\\=\\[https://archive.org/details/languagepowerexp00ande\\_0/page/148 148]}} During the presidency of [Megawati](/wiki/Megawati \"Megawati\"), the [Gotong Royong Cabinet](/wiki/Mutual_Assistance_Cabinet \"Mutual Assistance Cabinet\") was implemented. It lasted from 2001 to 2004\\.",
"#### Philippines",
"[thumb\\|Members of the community volunteering to move a house to new location. Though no longer commonplace, this method of moving houses has become a traditional symbol for the concept of {{Lang\\|fil\\|bayanihan}}.](/wiki/File:Bayanihan_2.JPG \"Bayanihan 2.JPG\")\n{{Lang\\|fil\\|Bayanihan}} ({{IPAc\\-en\\|b\\|aɪ\\|ə\\|n\\|i\\|h\\|ə\\|n}}, {{IPA\\|tl\\|ˌbajɐˈnihan\\|IPA}}) is a [Filipino](/wiki/Filipino_language \"Filipino language\") term taken from the word {{Lang\\|fil\\|bayan}}, referring to a nation, country,{{cite book \\|last1\\=Visser \\|first1\\=Wayne \\|last2\\=Tolhurst \\|first2\\=Nick \\|title\\=The World Guide to CSR: A Country\\-by\\-Country Analysis of Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility \\|date\\=2017 \\|publisher\\=Routledge \\|isbn\\=978\\-1\\-351\\-27890\\-4 \\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=4Kk0DwAAQBAJ\\&pg\\=PT60 \\|access\\-date\\=9 April 2020 \\|language\\=en}} town or community. The whole term {{Lang\\|fil\\|bayanihan}} refers to a spirit of communal unity or effort to achieve a particular objective. It is focused on doing things as a group as it relates to one's community.{{cite book \\|last1\\=Gripaldo \\|first1\\=Rolando M. \\|title\\=Filipino Cultural Traits: Claro R. Ceniza Lectures \\|date\\=2005 \\|publisher\\=CRVP \\|isbn\\=978\\-1\\-56518\\-225\\-7 \\|page\\=173 \\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=hXJe6vKMjroC\\&pg\\=PA173 \\|access\\-date\\=9 April 2020 \\|language\\=en}}",
"##### Etymology",
"The term {{Lang\\|fil\\|bayanihan}} originated in the practice of volunteers from a community helping a family move by carrying the house itself, a tradition which remains the classic illustration for the concept as a whole.{{cite book \\|last1\\=Smith \\|first1\\=Bradford \\|last2\\=Shue \\|first2\\=Sylvia \\|last3\\=Villarreal \\|first3\\=Joseph \\|title\\=Asian and Hispanic philanthropy: sharing and giving money, goods, and services in the Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Mexican, and Guatemalan communities in the San Francisco Bay Area \\|date\\=1992 \\|publisher\\=University of San Francisco, Institute for Nonprofit Organization Management, College of Professional Studies \\|page\\=113 \\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=kv27AAAAIAAJ \\|access\\-date\\=9 April 2020 \\|language\\=en}} The feat is accomplished by building a frame from bamboo poles, which individuals stationed at the ends of each pole then use to lift and carry the house. The family traditionally shows their gratitude for the assistance by hosting a small [fiesta](/wiki/Festival \"Festival\").",
"##### Usage",
"In society, {{Lang\\|fil\\|bayanihan}} has been adopted as a term to refer to a local civil effort to resolve national issues. One of the first groups to use the term is the [Bayanihan Philippine National Folk Dance Company](/wiki/Bayanihan_Philippine_National_Folk_Dance_Company \"Bayanihan Philippine National Folk Dance Company\") which travels to countries to perform traditional folk dances of the country with the objective of promoting Philippine culture. The concept is related to {{Lang\\|fil\\|damayán}} ('to help one another').",
"In computing, the term {{Lang\\|fil\\|bayanihan}} has evolved into many meanings and incorporated as [codenames](/wiki/Codename \"Codename\") to projects that depict the spirit of cooperative effort involving a community of members. An example of these projects is the Bayanihan Linux project which is a Philippines\\-based desktop\\-focused Linux distribution.",
"In ethnic newspapers, *Bayanihan News* is the name of the community newspaper for the Philippine community in Australia. It is in English and in Filipino with regular news and articles on Philippine current events and history. It was established in October 1998 in Sydney, Australia.",
"#### Iran",
"{{Multiple issues\\|{{unreferenced section\\|date\\=February 2022}}\n{{off topic\\|date\\=February 2022}}\\|section\\=y}}\n[Basij](/wiki/Basij \"Basij\") was created after the Islamic Revolution and during the Iran and Iraq wars. It was an organization which aimed to gather volunteers for fighting in the frontline. It was also a central idea of utilizing donations and volunteers to help the soldiers and bringing aid to the frontline.\nWomen played a big role by knitting warm clothes, making foods, sewing new uniforms or religious accessories.\nBasij's aim and goals have been shifted and distorted after the war; after the war ended the Basij organization continue working as a center to spread ideologies of the Islamic revolution in schools and mosques. \nBasij now is part of the [Sepah](/wiki/Sepah \"Sepah\") army (military, cultural and financial) organization which receives an undefined budget from the government.",
"#### Turkey",
"",
"{{Lang\\|tr\\|Imece}} is a name given for a traditional [Turkish](/wiki/Turkish_people \"Turkish people\") village\\-scale [collaboration](/wiki/Collaboration \"Collaboration\").{{Cite web \\|title\\=Academy to raise new generation of farmers \\- Latest News \\|url\\=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/academy\\-to\\-raise\\-new\\-generation\\-of\\-farmers\\-173433 \\|url\\-status\\=live \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504140122/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/academy\\-to\\-raise\\-new\\-generation\\-of\\-farmers\\-173433 \\|archive\\-date\\=2022\\-05\\-04 \\|access\\-date\\=2023\\-04\\-08 \\|website\\=Hürriyet Daily News \\|date\\=2 May 2022 \\|language\\=en}} For example, if a couple is getting married, villagers participate in the overall organization of the ceremony including but not limited to preparation of the celebration venue, food, building and settlement of the new house for the newly weds. Tasks are often distributed according to expertise and has no central authority to govern activities.{{Citation needed\\|date\\=April 2023}}",
"### Europe",
"#### Finland \\& the Baltics",
"[thumb\\|right\\|A tent is being raised in a {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}} for midsummer in [Ylimuonio](/wiki/Muonio \"Muonio\") in 2005\\.](/wiki/Image:Talkoot_Ylimuonio.JPG \"Talkoot Ylimuonio.JPG\")\n{{Lang\\|fi\\|Talkoot}} (from [Finnish](/wiki/Finnish_language \"Finnish language\") {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoo}}, almost always used in plural, {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}}) is a Finnish expression for a gathering of friends and neighbors organized to accomplish a task. The word is [borrowed](/wiki/Loanword \"Loanword\") into [Finland Swedish](/wiki/Finland_Swedish \"Finland Swedish\") as {{Lang\\|sv\\-fi\\|talko}}Mikael Reuter: [*En/ett iögonfallande talko?*](http://www.kotus.fi/?l=sv&=1551) {{in lang\\|sv}}. Retrieved: 2010\\-10\\-04\\. but is unknown to most [Swedes](/wiki/Sweden \"Sweden\"). However, cognate terms and in approximately the same context are used in [Estonia](/wiki/Estonia \"Estonia\") ({{Lang\\|et\\|talgu(d)}}),{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.eki.ee/dict/ekss/index.cgi?Q\\=talgu\\&F\\=M\\|title\\=\\[EKSS] \"Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat\"\\|work\\=eki.ee}} Latvia (noun {{Lang\\|lv\\|talka}}, verb {{Lang\\|lv\\|talkot}}), and Lithuania (noun {{Lang\\|lt\\|talka}}, verb {{Lang\\|lt\\|talkauti}}). It is the cultural equivalent of communal work in a village community, although adapted to the conditions of [Finland](/wiki/Finland \"Finland\"), where most families traditionally lived in isolated farms often miles away from the nearest village.",
"A {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}} is by definition voluntary, and the work is unpaid. The voluntary nature might be imaginary due to [social pressure](/wiki/Social_pressure \"Social pressure\"), especially in small communities, and one's honour and reputation may be severely damaged by non\\-attendance or laziness. The task of the {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}} may be something that is a common concern for the good of the group, or it may be to help someone with a task that exceeds his or her own capacity. For instance, elderly neighbours or relatives can need help if their house or garden is damaged by a storm, or siblings can agree to arrange a party for a parent's special birthday as a {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}}.",
"Typically, club houses, landings, churches, and parish halls can be repaired through a {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}}, or environmental tasks for the neighborhood are undertaken. The parents of pre\\-school children may gather to improve the playground, or the tenants of a tenement house may arrange a {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}} to put their garden in order for the summer or winter. A person unable to contribute with actual work may contribute food for the {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}} party, or act as a baby\\-sitter. When a {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}} is for the benefit of an individual, he or she is the host of the {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}} party and is obliged to offer food and drink.",
"#### Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland",
"{{Lang\\|ru\\-latn\\|Toloka}}{{cite web \\|url\\=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/vasmer/48989/%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0 \\|title\\=Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary \\|work\\=dic.academic.ru}} or {{Lang\\|ru\\-latn\\|taloka}} (also {{Lang\\|ru\\-latn\\|pomoch}}) in [Russian](/wiki/Russian_language \"Russian language\") ({{Lang\\|uk\\-latn\\|toloka}} in [Ukrainian](/wiki/Ukrainian_language \"Ukrainian language\") and {{Lang\\|be\\-latn\\|talaka}} in [Belarusian](/wiki/Belarusian_language \"Belarusian language\"), {{Lang\\|pl\\|tłoka}} in [Polish](/wiki/Polish_language \"Polish language\")) is the form of communal voluntary work. Neighbours gather together to build something , to harvest crops, etc.",
"#### Hungary",
"{{Lang\\|hu\\|Kaláka}} ({{IPA\\-hu\\|ˈkɒlaːkɒ\\|IPA}}) is the [Hungarian](/wiki/Hungarian_language \"Hungarian language\") word for working together for a common goal. This can be building a house or doing agricultural activities together, or any other communal work on a volunteer basis.",
"#### Ireland",
"{{Lang\\|ga\\|Meitheal}} ({{IPA\\-ga\\|ˈmʲɛhəlˠ\\|IPA}}) is the [Irish](/wiki/Irish_language \"Irish language\") word for a work team, gang, or party and denotes the co\\-operative labour system in [Ireland](/wiki/Ireland \"Ireland\") where groups of neighbours help each other in turn with farming work such as harvesting crops.{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.englishirishdictionary.com/dictionary?language\\=irish\\&word\\=meitheal \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710193305/http://www.englishirishdictionary.com/dictionary?language\\=irish\\&word\\=meitheal \\|archive\\-date\\=10 July 2011 \\|title\\=Meitheal \\|work\\=Irish Dictionary Online \\|publisher\\=englishirishdictionary.com \\|access\\-date\\=28 March 2013 }}",
"The term is used in various writings of Irish language authors. It can convey the idea of community spirit in which neighbours respond to each other's needs. In modern use for example, a {{Lang\\|ga\\|meitheal}} could be a party of neighbours and friends invited to help decorate a house in exchange for food and drink, or in [scouting](/wiki/Scouting \"Scouting\"), where volunteer campsite wardens maintain campsites around Ireland.{{cite web \\| url\\=https://issuu.com/scoutingireland/docs/larch\\_hill\\_history\\_handbook \\| title\\=The Larch Hill Story by Scouting Ireland \\- Issuu \\| date\\=7 February 2021 }}",
"#### Spain",
"{{Lang\\|ast\\|Andecha}} (from Latin {{Lang\\|la\\|indictia}} 'announcement) is voluntary, unpaid and punctual aid to help a neighbor carry out agricultural tasks (cutting hay, harvesting potatoes, building a barn, collecting apples to make cider, etc.). The work is rewarded with a snack or a small party and the tacit commitment that the person assisted will come with their family to the call of another {{Lang\\|ast\\|andecha}} when another neighbor requests it.{{Cite web \\| url\\=https://dej.rae.es/lema/andecha \\| title\\=Definición de andecha \\- Diccionario panhispánico del español jurídico \\- RAE }} It is very similar to the Irish {{Lang\\|ga\\|meitheal}}.",
"It should not be confused with another Asturian collective work institution, the {{Lang\\|ast\\|sestaferia}}. In this, the provision of the service is mandatory (under penalty of fine) and is not called a to help of an individual but the provision of common services (repair of bridges, cleaning of roads, etc.)",
"#### Norway",
"**{{Lang\\|no\\|Dugnad}}** is a Norwegian term for voluntary work done together with other people.{{cite book \\|title\\=The political economy of rural development: modernisation without centralisation? \\|author1\\=Ottar Brox \\|author2\\=John M. Bryden \\|author3\\=Robert Storey \\|year\\=2006 \\|publisher\\=Eburon Uitgeverij B.V \\|isbn\\=90\\-5972\\-086\\-5\\| page\\=79 \\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=aA2HHUYAZlwC}} It is a core phenomenon for Norwegians, and the word was voted as the Norwegian word of the year 2004 in the TV programme *[Typisk norsk](/wiki/Typisk_norsk \"Typisk norsk\")* ('Typically Norwegian'). Participation in a {{Lang\\|no\\|dugnad}} is often followed by a common meal, served by the host, or consisting of various dishes brought by the participants, thus the meal is also a dugnad.",
"In urban areas, the {{Lang\\|no\\|dugnad}} is most commonly identified with outdoor spring cleaning and gardening in housing co\\-operatives. {{Lang\\|no\\|Dugnader}} (plural) are also a phenomenon in kindergartens and elementary schools to make the area nice, clean and safe and to do decorating etc. such as painting and other types of maintenance. {{Lang\\|no\\|Dugnader}} occur more widely in remote and rural areas. Neighbours sometimes participate during house or garage building, and organizations (such as kindergartens or non\\-profit organisations) may arrange annual {{Lang\\|no\\|dugnader}}.",
"The Norwegian word {{Lang\\|no\\|dugnadsånd}} is translatable to the spirit of will to work together for a better community. Many Norwegians will describe this as a typical Norwegian thing to have.",
"The word {{Lang\\|no\\|dugnad}} was used to unite the people of Norway to cooperate and shut down public activities to fight the pandemic of 2020\\.[One Word Spared Norway From COVID\\-19 Disaster](https://medium.com/@kelseylo/one-word-spared-norway-from-covid-19-disaster-96c7f1853395) Kelsey L.O. July 20, 2020",
"#### Serbia",
"{{Unreferenced section\\|date\\=February 2022}}\n{{Lang\\|sr\\-latn\\|Moba}} (Serbian: {{Lang\\|sr\\|моба}}) is an old Serbian tradition of communal self\\-help in villages. It was a request for help in labor\\-intensive activities, like harvesting wheat, building a church or repairing village roads.",
"The work was entirely voluntary and no compensation, except possibly meals for workers, was expected.",
"### North America",
"#### Cherokee",
"{{Lang\\|chr\\-latn\\|Gadugi}} (Cherokee: {{Lang\\|chr\\|ᎦᏚᎩ}}) is a term used in the [Cherokee language](/wiki/Cherokee_language \"Cherokee language\") which means 'working together'{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.gadugisafecenter.org/mission.html \\|title\\=GaDuGi SafeCenter's Mission Statement and Vision Statement \\|publisher\\=GaDuGi SafeCenter \\|access\\-date\\=25 March 2013}} or 'cooperative labor' within a community.{{cite book \\|last\\=Feeling \\|first\\=Durbin \\|title\\=Cherokee\\-English Dictionary \\|url\\=https://archive.org/details/cherokeeenglishd0000feel \\|url\\-access\\=registration \\|year\\=1975 \\|publisher\\=Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma \\|page\\=\\[https://archive.org/details/cherokeeenglishd0000feel/page/73 73] }} Historically, the word referred to a labor gang of men and/or women working together for projects such as harvesting crops or tending to gardens of elderly or infirm tribal members.{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.cherokee.org/AboutTheNation/History/Facts/24462/Information.aspx \\|title\\=The Origin of Gadugi \\|last1\\=Dunaway \\|first1\\=Wilma \\|publisher\\=Cherokee Nation \\|access\\-date\\=28 March 2013}} The word {{Lang\\|chr\\|Gadugi}} was derived from the [Cherokee](/wiki/Cherokee \"Cherokee\") word for 'bread', which is {{Lang\\|chr\\|Gadu}}.",
"In recent years the [Cherokee Nation](/wiki/Cherokee_Nation \"Cherokee Nation\") tribal government has promoted the concept of {{Lang\\|chr\\|Gadugi}}*.* The GaDuGi Health Center is a tribally run clinic in [Tahlequah, Oklahoma](/wiki/Tahlequah%2C_Oklahoma \"Tahlequah, Oklahoma\"), the capital of the Cherokee Nation. The concept is becoming more widely known. In Lawrence, Kansas, in 2004 the [rape crisis center](/wiki/Rape_crisis_centers_in_the_United_States \"Rape crisis centers in the United States\") affiliated with the [University of Kansas](/wiki/University_of_Kansas \"University of Kansas\"), adopted the name the Gadugi Safe Center for its programs to aid all people affected by sexual violence.",
"### Latin America",
"#### Dominican Republic",
"{{Expand section\\|date\\=February 2022}}\n{{Lang\\|es\\|Convite}}.",
"#### Haiti",
"{{Expand section\\|date\\=February 2022}}\n{{Lang\\|ht\\|Konbit}} or {{Lang\\|ht\\|Tet Ansanm}} in [Haitian Creole](/wiki/Haitian_Creole \"Haitian Creole\").",
"#### Mexico",
"{{Expand section\\|date\\=February 2022}}\n*[Tequio](/wiki/Tequio \"Tequio\")*. Zapoteca",
"#### Quechua",
"{{Main\\|Minka (communal work)}}\n{{Lang\\|qu\\|Mink'a}} or {{Lang\\|qu\\|minka}} ([Quechua](/wiki/Quechua_language \"Quechua language\")Teofilo Laime Ajacopa, Diccionario Bilingüe Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha, La Paz, 2007 (Quechua\\-Spanish dictionary)Diccionario Quechua \\- Español \\- Quechua, Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Gobierno Regional Cusco, Cusco 2005 (Quechua\\-Spanish dictionary) or [Kichwa](/wiki/Kichwa_language \"Kichwa language\"),Fabián Potosí C. et al., Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador: Kichwa Yachakukkunapa Shimiyuk Kamu, Runa Shimi \\- Mishu Shimi, Mishu Shimi \\- Runa Shimi. Quito (DINEIB, Ecuador) 2009\\. (Kichwa\\-Spanish dictionary) [Hispanicized](/wiki/Spanish_language \"Spanish language\") {{Lang\\|es\\|minca}}*,* {{Lang\\|es\\|minga}}) is a type of traditional communal work in the [Andes](/wiki/Andes \"Andes\") in favor of the whole community *([ayllu](/wiki/Ayllu \"Ayllu\"))*. Participants are traditionally paid in kind. {{Lang\\|qu\\|Mink'a}} is still practiced in [indigenous](/wiki/Indigenous_peoples \"Indigenous peoples\") communities in [Peru](/wiki/Peru \"Peru\"), [Colombia](/wiki/Colombia \"Colombia\"), [Ecuador](/wiki/Ecuador \"Ecuador\"), [Bolivia](/wiki/Bolivia \"Bolivia\"), and [Chile](/wiki/Chile \"Chile\"), especially among the [Quechua](/wiki/Quechua_people \"Quechua people\") and the [Aymara](/wiki/Aymara_people \"Aymara people\").",
"#### Pre\\-Incaic Andean",
"{{Cleanup lang\\|section\\|date\\=February 2022}}\nBefore the Inca conquest of around 1450, the [Aymara kingdoms](/wiki/Aymara_kingdoms \"Aymara kingdoms\") practiced two forms of communal work – *[Ayni](/wiki/Ayni \"Ayni\")*, which refers to work undertaken for one's own local community, or [Ayllu](/wiki/Ayllu \"Ayllu\") with many tasks subdivided according to gender roles (*Chachawarmi*), and *Minka,* which refers to communal work taking place across different Ayllus such as building work or work undertaken during seasonal migrations such as the Aymaras from the Altiplano i.e. areas of the Andes mountains at too high an altitude for agriculture, migrating with their camelids to agricultural areas in the Precordillera, and then to the forests that were once present in today's [Atacama Desert](/wiki/Atacama_Desert \"Atacama Desert\") and finally helping build boats with the [Chango peoples](/wiki/Chango_people \"Chango people\") in the sea area near present\\-day [Arica](/wiki/Arica \"Arica\") or [Tacna](/wiki/Tacna \"Tacna\"), in return for fish which has been found in the stomachs of mummies found at said high altitudes such as around lake TiticacaPage 95, Juan Van Kessel, Holocausto al progreso, Los Aymaras de Tarapaca. Iecta, Iquique Chile 2003 The Inca added the practice of Mita (forced labour for the empire, e.g. silver mining) and the Yanakuna who are skilled individuals forcibly removed from their Ayllus to perform a task for the empire, for example as architects/builders. The concept of [Minga](/wiki/Minka_%28communal_work%29 \"Minka (communal work)\") in particular has been shown to encompass various forms of Andean communal work used from the Mapuche peoples in the south to the Moche and other Pre\\-Chavin peoples near Cuzco in what is now Peru.El ayni y la minka: dos formas colectivas de trabajo de las sociedades pre\\-Chavin <https://www.academia.edu/26924247/El_ayni_y_la_minka_dos_formas_colectivas_de_trabajo_de_las_sociedades_pre_Chavin>",
"#### Brazil",
"{{Unreferenced section\\|date\\=February 2022}}\n*{{ill\\|Mutirão\\|pt}}* is, in Brazil, a collective mobilization to achieve an end, based on mutual help provided free of charge. It is an expression originally used for working in the countryside, or for the construction of low\\-income houses. In a {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|mutirão}}, everyone is simultaneously benevolent and beneficiary and works in a rotating system and without hierarchy.\nCurrently, by extension of meaning, {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|mutirão}} can designate any collective initiative for the execution of an unpaid service, such as a joint effort to paint a neighborhood school, clean a park and others.\nThe word {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|mutirão}} comes from the [Tupi](/wiki/Tupi_language \"Tupi language\") term {{Lang\\|tpn\\|motyrõ}}, which means 'work in common'. The same Tupi term gave rise to several other spellings, all currently in disuse ({{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|motirão}}, {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|muquirão}}, {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|mutirom}}, {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|mutirum}}, {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|mutrião}}, {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|muxiran}}, {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|muxirão}}, {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|muxirom}}, {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|pixurum}}, {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|ponxirão}}, {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|punxirão}}, {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|putirão}}, {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|putirom}}, {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|putirum}}, {{Lang\\|pt\\-br\\|puxirum}}).",
"#### Chile",
"In rural southern Chile, labor reciprocity and communal work remained common through the twentieth century and into the twenty\\-first, particularly in rural communities on the [Archipelago of Chiloé](/wiki/Archipelago_of_Chilo%C3%A9 \"Archipelago of Chiloé\").Daughters, Anton. \"Solidarity and Resistance on the Island of Llingua.\" *Anthropology Now* 7:1 pp.1\\-11 (April 2015\\) Referred to as {{Lang\\|es\\|mingas}}, the practice can be traced to pre\\-contact Mapuche and Huilliche traditions of communal labor.Cárdenas Álvarez, Renato, Daniel Montiel Vera, and Catherine Grace Hall. *Los Chonos y los Veliche de Chiloé* (Santiago, Chile: Ediciones Olimpho) 1991 In Chiloé, {{Lang\\|es\\|mingas}} took the form either of {{Lang\\|es\\|días cambiados}} (tit for tat exchanges of labor between neighbors) or large\\-scale work parties hosted by a particular family, accompanied by food and drink, and often lasting several days.Daughters, Anton. \"Southern Chile's Archipelago of Chiloé: Shifting Identities in a New Economy.\" *Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology* 21:2 pp.317\\.335 (July 2016\\) Most agricultural work and community construction projects were done by way of {{Lang\\|es\\|mingas}}. The {{Lang\\|es\\|tiradura de casa}} ('house pull') involved moving a house from one location to another.",
"#### Panama",
"In rural Panama, especially in the [Azuero peninsula](/wiki/Azuero_Peninsula \"Azuero Peninsula\") region and its diaspora, it is common to hold a {{Lang\\|es\\|junta}} party{{Cite web\\|url\\=http://folklore.panamatipico.com/english/articulo.php?articulo\\=85\\|title\\=Folklore.PanamaTipico.com (English)\\|website\\=folklore.panamatipico.com\\|access\\-date\\=2018\\-10\\-30}} as a communal labor event. Most commonly these events are used to harvest rice, clear brush with machetes, or to build houses. Workers generally work without compensation but are provided with meals and often alcoholic beverages such as fermented [chicha fuerte](/wiki/Fermented_beverage \"Fermented beverage\") and [seco](/wiki/Seco_Herrerano \"Seco Herrerano\").",
""
] |
### Asia
#### Indonesia \& Malaysia
[thumb\|right\|The traditional communal *[slametan](/wiki/Slametan "Slametan")* {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|unggahan}} ceremony of Bonokeling village, [Banyumas](/wiki/Banyumas "Banyumas"), Central Java, in which the participants literally perform the notion of {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} (carrying together).](/wiki/File:Tradisi_Unggahan_Bonokeling.jpg "Tradisi Unggahan Bonokeling.jpg")
*Gotong\-royong* is a conception of sociality ethos familiar to [Indonesia](/wiki/Indonesia "Indonesia"). In [Indonesian languages](/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia "Languages of Indonesia") especially [Javanese](/wiki/Javanese_language "Javanese language"), {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong}} means 'carrying a burden using one's shoulder', while {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|royong}} means 'together' or 'communally', thus the combined phrase {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} can be translated literally as 'joint bearing of burdens'. It translate to working together, helping each other or mutual assistance.{{Cite web\|title\=Gotong Royong \- KBBI Daring \|url\=https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/gotong%20royong\|website\=kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id\|access\-date\=2020\-05\-23}} The village's public facilities, such as irrigation, streets, and houses of worship (mosque, church or [pura](/wiki/Balinese_temple "Balinese temple")) are usually constructed through {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}, where the funds and materials are collected mutually. Traditional communal events, such as the *[slametan](/wiki/Slametan "Slametan")* ceremony, are also usually held in the {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} ethos of communal work spirit, which each member of society is expected to contribute to and participate in the endeavour harmoniously.
The phrase has been translated into English in many ways, most of which hearken to the conception of reciprocity or [mutual aid](/wiki/Mutual_aid_%28organization%29 "Mutual aid (organization)"). For [M. Nasroen](/wiki/M._Nasroen "M. Nasroen"), {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} forms one of the core tenets of Indonesian philosophy. Paul Michael Taylor and Lorraine V. Aragon state that "{{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} \[is] cooperation among many people to attain a shared goal."{{cite book \|last1\=Taylor \|first1\=Paul Michael \|last2\=Aragon \|first2\=Lorraine V \|title\=Beyond the Java Sea: Art of Indonesia's Outer Islands \|year\=1991 \|publisher\=Abrams \|isbn\=0\-8109\-3112\-5 \|page\=10}}
##### Background
In a 1983 essay [Clifford Geertz](/wiki/Clifford_Geertz "Clifford Geertz") points to the importance of {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} in Indonesian life:
> An enormous inventory of highly specific and often quite intricate institutions for effecting the cooperation in work, politics, and personal relations alike, vaguely gathered under culturally charged and fairly well indefinable value\-images—{{Lang\|jv\-latn\|rukun}} ('mutual adjustment'), {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} ('joint bearing of burdens'), {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|tolong\-menolong}} ('reciprocal assistance')—governs social interaction with a force as sovereign as it is subdued.Geertz, Clifford. "Local Knowledge: Fact and Law in Comparative Perspective," pp. 167–234 in Geertz *Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology,* NY: Basic Books. 1983\.
Anthropologist Robert A. Hahn writes:
> Javanese culture is stratified by social class and by level of adherence to Islam. ...Traditional Javanese culture does not emphasize material wealth. ...There is respect for those who contribute to the general village welfare over personal gain. And the spirit of {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}*,* or volunteerism, is promoted as a cultural value.{{cite book \|last\=Hahn \|first\=Robert A. \|title\=Anthropology in Public Health: Bridging Differences in Culture and Society \|year\=1999 \|publisher\=Oxford University Press \|location\=Oxford, UK }}
{{Lang\|jv\-latn\|Gotong \- royong}} has long functioned as the scale of the village, as a moral conception of the political economy. Pottier records the impact of the [Green Revolution](/wiki/Green_Revolution "Green Revolution") in Java:
> "Before the GR, 'Java' had relatively 'open' markets, in which many local people were rewarded in kind. With the GR, rural labour markets began to foster 'exclusionary practices'... This resulted in a general loss of rights, especially secure harvesting rights within a context of mutual cooperation, known as {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}*.*"
Citing [Ann Laura Stoler](/wiki/Ann_Laura_Stoler "Ann Laura Stoler")'s ethnography from the 1970s, Pottier writes that cash was replacing exchange, that old patron\-client ties were breaking, and that social relations were becoming characterized more by employer\-employee qualities.{{cite book \|last\=Pottier \|first\=Johan \|title\=Anthropology of Food: The Social Dynamics of Food Security \|year\=1999 \|publisher\=Blackwell \|location\=Oxford, UK \|page\=84}}
##### Political appropriation
For Prime Minister [Muhammad Natsir](/wiki/Muhammad_Natsir "Muhammad Natsir"), {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} was an ethical principle of sociality, in marked contrast to both the "unchecked" feudalism of the West, and the social [anomie](/wiki/Anomie "Anomie") of [capitalism](/wiki/Capitalism "Capitalism").Natsir, Muhammad. "The Indonesian Revolution." In Kurzman, Charles *Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook*, p. 62\. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 1998\.
Ideas of reciprocity, ancient and deeply enmeshed aspects of *[kampung](/wiki/Kampung "Kampung")* morality, were seized upon by [postcolonial](/wiki/Postcolonial "Postcolonial") politicians. John Sidel writes: "Ironically, national\-level politicians drew on "village conceptions of *[adat](/wiki/Adat "Adat")* and {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}. They drew on notions "of traditional community to justify new forms of authoritarian rule."{{cite book \|last\=Sidel \|first\=John Thayer \|title\=Riots, Pogroms, Jihad: Religious Violence in Indonesia \|url\=https://archive.org/details/riotspogromsjiha00side\|url\-access\=registration \|year\=2006 \|publisher\=Cornell University Press \|location\=Ithaca, NY \|page\=\[https://archive.org/details/riotspogromsjiha00side/page/32 32]}}
During the presidency of [Sukarno](/wiki/Sukarno "Sukarno"), the idea of {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} was officially elevated to a central tenet of Indonesian life. For Sukarno, the new nation was to be synonymous with {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}. He said that the *[Pancasila](/wiki/Pancasila_%28politics%29 "Pancasila (politics)")* could be reduced to the idea of {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}. On June 1, 1945, Sukarno said of the Pancasila:
> The first two principles, nationalism and internationalism, can be pressed to one, which I used to call 'socionationalism.' Similarly with democracy 'which is not the democracy of the West' together with social justice for all can be pressed down to one, and called socio democracy. Finally{{snd}} belief in God. 'And so what originally was five has become three: socio nationalism, socio democracy, and belief in God.' 'If I press down five to get three, and three to get one, then I have a genuine Indonesian term{{snd}}GOTONG ROYONG \[mutual co\-operation]. The state of Indonesia which we are to establish should be a state of mutual co\-operation. How fine that is ! A Gotong Royong state!{{cite web \|url\=http://www.antenna.nl/\~fwillems/eng/ic/pki/sal/salim.html \|title\=BUNG KARNO: 6 JUNE \- 21 JUNE \|publisher\=Antenna \|access\-date\=25 March 2013}}
In 1960, Sukarno dissolved the elected parliament and implemented the [*Gotong Royong* Parliament](/wiki/People%27s_Representative_Council%23Guided_Democracy "People's Representative Council#Guided Democracy"). Governor of [Jakarta](/wiki/Jakarta "Jakarta"), [Ali Sadikin](/wiki/Ali_Sadikin "Ali Sadikin"), spoke of a desire to reinvigorate urban areas with village sociality, with {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}.{{cite book \|last\=Kusno \|first\=Abidin \|title\=Behind the Postcolonial: Architecture, Urban Space and Political Cultures \|year\=2003 \|publisher\=Routledge \|location\=NY \|page\=152}} Suharto's New Order was characterized by much discourse about tradition. During the New Order, Siskamling harnessed the idea of {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}}. By the 1990s, if not sooner, {{Lang\|jv\-latn\|gotong royong}} had been "fossilized" by New Order sloganeering.{{cite book \|last\=Anderson \|first\=Benedict \|author\-link\=Benedict Anderson \|title\=Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia \|url\=https://archive.org/details/languagepowerexp00ande\_0\|url\-access\=registration \|year\=1990 \|publisher\=Cornell UP \|location\=Ithaca, NY \|page\=\[https://archive.org/details/languagepowerexp00ande\_0/page/148 148]}} During the presidency of [Megawati](/wiki/Megawati "Megawati"), the [Gotong Royong Cabinet](/wiki/Mutual_Assistance_Cabinet "Mutual Assistance Cabinet") was implemented. It lasted from 2001 to 2004\.
#### Philippines
[thumb\|Members of the community volunteering to move a house to new location. Though no longer commonplace, this method of moving houses has become a traditional symbol for the concept of {{Lang\|fil\|bayanihan}}.](/wiki/File:Bayanihan_2.JPG "Bayanihan 2.JPG")
{{Lang\|fil\|Bayanihan}} ({{IPAc\-en\|b\|aɪ\|ə\|n\|i\|h\|ə\|n}}, {{IPA\|tl\|ˌbajɐˈnihan\|IPA}}) is a [Filipino](/wiki/Filipino_language "Filipino language") term taken from the word {{Lang\|fil\|bayan}}, referring to a nation, country,{{cite book \|last1\=Visser \|first1\=Wayne \|last2\=Tolhurst \|first2\=Nick \|title\=The World Guide to CSR: A Country\-by\-Country Analysis of Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility \|date\=2017 \|publisher\=Routledge \|isbn\=978\-1\-351\-27890\-4 \|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=4Kk0DwAAQBAJ\&pg\=PT60 \|access\-date\=9 April 2020 \|language\=en}} town or community. The whole term {{Lang\|fil\|bayanihan}} refers to a spirit of communal unity or effort to achieve a particular objective. It is focused on doing things as a group as it relates to one's community.{{cite book \|last1\=Gripaldo \|first1\=Rolando M. \|title\=Filipino Cultural Traits: Claro R. Ceniza Lectures \|date\=2005 \|publisher\=CRVP \|isbn\=978\-1\-56518\-225\-7 \|page\=173 \|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=hXJe6vKMjroC\&pg\=PA173 \|access\-date\=9 April 2020 \|language\=en}}
##### Etymology
The term {{Lang\|fil\|bayanihan}} originated in the practice of volunteers from a community helping a family move by carrying the house itself, a tradition which remains the classic illustration for the concept as a whole.{{cite book \|last1\=Smith \|first1\=Bradford \|last2\=Shue \|first2\=Sylvia \|last3\=Villarreal \|first3\=Joseph \|title\=Asian and Hispanic philanthropy: sharing and giving money, goods, and services in the Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Mexican, and Guatemalan communities in the San Francisco Bay Area \|date\=1992 \|publisher\=University of San Francisco, Institute for Nonprofit Organization Management, College of Professional Studies \|page\=113 \|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=kv27AAAAIAAJ \|access\-date\=9 April 2020 \|language\=en}} The feat is accomplished by building a frame from bamboo poles, which individuals stationed at the ends of each pole then use to lift and carry the house. The family traditionally shows their gratitude for the assistance by hosting a small [fiesta](/wiki/Festival "Festival").
##### Usage
In society, {{Lang\|fil\|bayanihan}} has been adopted as a term to refer to a local civil effort to resolve national issues. One of the first groups to use the term is the [Bayanihan Philippine National Folk Dance Company](/wiki/Bayanihan_Philippine_National_Folk_Dance_Company "Bayanihan Philippine National Folk Dance Company") which travels to countries to perform traditional folk dances of the country with the objective of promoting Philippine culture. The concept is related to {{Lang\|fil\|damayán}} ('to help one another').
In computing, the term {{Lang\|fil\|bayanihan}} has evolved into many meanings and incorporated as [codenames](/wiki/Codename "Codename") to projects that depict the spirit of cooperative effort involving a community of members. An example of these projects is the Bayanihan Linux project which is a Philippines\-based desktop\-focused Linux distribution.
In ethnic newspapers, *Bayanihan News* is the name of the community newspaper for the Philippine community in Australia. It is in English and in Filipino with regular news and articles on Philippine current events and history. It was established in October 1998 in Sydney, Australia.
#### Iran
{{Multiple issues\|{{unreferenced section\|date\=February 2022}}
{{off topic\|date\=February 2022}}\|section\=y}}
[Basij](/wiki/Basij "Basij") was created after the Islamic Revolution and during the Iran and Iraq wars. It was an organization which aimed to gather volunteers for fighting in the frontline. It was also a central idea of utilizing donations and volunteers to help the soldiers and bringing aid to the frontline.
Women played a big role by knitting warm clothes, making foods, sewing new uniforms or religious accessories.
Basij's aim and goals have been shifted and distorted after the war; after the war ended the Basij organization continue working as a center to spread ideologies of the Islamic revolution in schools and mosques.
Basij now is part of the [Sepah](/wiki/Sepah "Sepah") army (military, cultural and financial) organization which receives an undefined budget from the government.
#### Turkey
{{Lang\|tr\|Imece}} is a name given for a traditional [Turkish](/wiki/Turkish_people "Turkish people") village\-scale [collaboration](/wiki/Collaboration "Collaboration").{{Cite web \|title\=Academy to raise new generation of farmers \- Latest News \|url\=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/academy\-to\-raise\-new\-generation\-of\-farmers\-173433 \|url\-status\=live \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504140122/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/academy\-to\-raise\-new\-generation\-of\-farmers\-173433 \|archive\-date\=2022\-05\-04 \|access\-date\=2023\-04\-08 \|website\=Hürriyet Daily News \|date\=2 May 2022 \|language\=en}} For example, if a couple is getting married, villagers participate in the overall organization of the ceremony including but not limited to preparation of the celebration venue, food, building and settlement of the new house for the newly weds. Tasks are often distributed according to expertise and has no central authority to govern activities.{{Citation needed\|date\=April 2023}}
|
[
"### Asia",
"#### Indonesia \\& Malaysia",
"[thumb\\|right\\|The traditional communal *[slametan](/wiki/Slametan \"Slametan\")* {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|unggahan}} ceremony of Bonokeling village, [Banyumas](/wiki/Banyumas \"Banyumas\"), Central Java, in which the participants literally perform the notion of {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} (carrying together).](/wiki/File:Tradisi_Unggahan_Bonokeling.jpg \"Tradisi Unggahan Bonokeling.jpg\")\n*Gotong\\-royong* is a conception of sociality ethos familiar to [Indonesia](/wiki/Indonesia \"Indonesia\"). In [Indonesian languages](/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia \"Languages of Indonesia\") especially [Javanese](/wiki/Javanese_language \"Javanese language\"), {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong}} means 'carrying a burden using one's shoulder', while {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|royong}} means 'together' or 'communally', thus the combined phrase {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} can be translated literally as 'joint bearing of burdens'. It translate to working together, helping each other or mutual assistance.{{Cite web\\|title\\=Gotong Royong \\- KBBI Daring \\|url\\=https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/gotong%20royong\\|website\\=kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id\\|access\\-date\\=2020\\-05\\-23}} The village's public facilities, such as irrigation, streets, and houses of worship (mosque, church or [pura](/wiki/Balinese_temple \"Balinese temple\")) are usually constructed through {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}, where the funds and materials are collected mutually. Traditional communal events, such as the *[slametan](/wiki/Slametan \"Slametan\")* ceremony, are also usually held in the {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} ethos of communal work spirit, which each member of society is expected to contribute to and participate in the endeavour harmoniously.",
"The phrase has been translated into English in many ways, most of which hearken to the conception of reciprocity or [mutual aid](/wiki/Mutual_aid_%28organization%29 \"Mutual aid (organization)\"). For [M. Nasroen](/wiki/M._Nasroen \"M. Nasroen\"), {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} forms one of the core tenets of Indonesian philosophy. Paul Michael Taylor and Lorraine V. Aragon state that \"{{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} \\[is] cooperation among many people to attain a shared goal.\"{{cite book \\|last1\\=Taylor \\|first1\\=Paul Michael \\|last2\\=Aragon \\|first2\\=Lorraine V \\|title\\=Beyond the Java Sea: Art of Indonesia's Outer Islands \\|year\\=1991 \\|publisher\\=Abrams \\|isbn\\=0\\-8109\\-3112\\-5 \\|page\\=10}}",
"##### Background",
"In a 1983 essay [Clifford Geertz](/wiki/Clifford_Geertz \"Clifford Geertz\") points to the importance of {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} in Indonesian life:",
"",
"> An enormous inventory of highly specific and often quite intricate institutions for effecting the cooperation in work, politics, and personal relations alike, vaguely gathered under culturally charged and fairly well indefinable value\\-images—{{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|rukun}} ('mutual adjustment'), {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} ('joint bearing of burdens'), {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|tolong\\-menolong}} ('reciprocal assistance')—governs social interaction with a force as sovereign as it is subdued.Geertz, Clifford. \"Local Knowledge: Fact and Law in Comparative Perspective,\" pp. 167–234 in Geertz *Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology,* NY: Basic Books. 1983\\.",
"Anthropologist Robert A. Hahn writes:",
"",
"> Javanese culture is stratified by social class and by level of adherence to Islam. ...Traditional Javanese culture does not emphasize material wealth. ...There is respect for those who contribute to the general village welfare over personal gain. And the spirit of {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}*,* or volunteerism, is promoted as a cultural value.{{cite book \\|last\\=Hahn \\|first\\=Robert A. \\|title\\=Anthropology in Public Health: Bridging Differences in Culture and Society \\|year\\=1999 \\|publisher\\=Oxford University Press \\|location\\=Oxford, UK }}",
"{{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|Gotong \\- royong}} has long functioned as the scale of the village, as a moral conception of the political economy. Pottier records the impact of the [Green Revolution](/wiki/Green_Revolution \"Green Revolution\") in Java:",
"",
"> \"Before the GR, 'Java' had relatively 'open' markets, in which many local people were rewarded in kind. With the GR, rural labour markets began to foster 'exclusionary practices'... This resulted in a general loss of rights, especially secure harvesting rights within a context of mutual cooperation, known as {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}*.*\"",
"Citing [Ann Laura Stoler](/wiki/Ann_Laura_Stoler \"Ann Laura Stoler\")'s ethnography from the 1970s, Pottier writes that cash was replacing exchange, that old patron\\-client ties were breaking, and that social relations were becoming characterized more by employer\\-employee qualities.{{cite book \\|last\\=Pottier \\|first\\=Johan \\|title\\=Anthropology of Food: The Social Dynamics of Food Security \\|year\\=1999 \\|publisher\\=Blackwell \\|location\\=Oxford, UK \\|page\\=84}}",
"##### Political appropriation",
"For Prime Minister [Muhammad Natsir](/wiki/Muhammad_Natsir \"Muhammad Natsir\"), {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} was an ethical principle of sociality, in marked contrast to both the \"unchecked\" feudalism of the West, and the social [anomie](/wiki/Anomie \"Anomie\") of [capitalism](/wiki/Capitalism \"Capitalism\").Natsir, Muhammad. \"The Indonesian Revolution.\" In Kurzman, Charles *Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook*, p. 62\\. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 1998\\.",
"Ideas of reciprocity, ancient and deeply enmeshed aspects of *[kampung](/wiki/Kampung \"Kampung\")* morality, were seized upon by [postcolonial](/wiki/Postcolonial \"Postcolonial\") politicians. John Sidel writes: \"Ironically, national\\-level politicians drew on \"village conceptions of *[adat](/wiki/Adat \"Adat\")* and {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}. They drew on notions \"of traditional community to justify new forms of authoritarian rule.\"{{cite book \\|last\\=Sidel \\|first\\=John Thayer \\|title\\=Riots, Pogroms, Jihad: Religious Violence in Indonesia \\|url\\=https://archive.org/details/riotspogromsjiha00side\\|url\\-access\\=registration \\|year\\=2006 \\|publisher\\=Cornell University Press \\|location\\=Ithaca, NY \\|page\\=\\[https://archive.org/details/riotspogromsjiha00side/page/32 32]}}",
"During the presidency of [Sukarno](/wiki/Sukarno \"Sukarno\"), the idea of {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} was officially elevated to a central tenet of Indonesian life. For Sukarno, the new nation was to be synonymous with {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}. He said that the *[Pancasila](/wiki/Pancasila_%28politics%29 \"Pancasila (politics)\")* could be reduced to the idea of {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}. On June 1, 1945, Sukarno said of the Pancasila:",
"",
"> The first two principles, nationalism and internationalism, can be pressed to one, which I used to call 'socionationalism.' Similarly with democracy 'which is not the democracy of the West' together with social justice for all can be pressed down to one, and called socio democracy. Finally{{snd}} belief in God. 'And so what originally was five has become three: socio nationalism, socio democracy, and belief in God.' 'If I press down five to get three, and three to get one, then I have a genuine Indonesian term{{snd}}GOTONG ROYONG \\[mutual co\\-operation]. The state of Indonesia which we are to establish should be a state of mutual co\\-operation. How fine that is ! A Gotong Royong state!{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.antenna.nl/\\~fwillems/eng/ic/pki/sal/salim.html \\|title\\=BUNG KARNO: 6 JUNE \\- 21 JUNE \\|publisher\\=Antenna \\|access\\-date\\=25 March 2013}}",
"In 1960, Sukarno dissolved the elected parliament and implemented the [*Gotong Royong* Parliament](/wiki/People%27s_Representative_Council%23Guided_Democracy \"People's Representative Council#Guided Democracy\"). Governor of [Jakarta](/wiki/Jakarta \"Jakarta\"), [Ali Sadikin](/wiki/Ali_Sadikin \"Ali Sadikin\"), spoke of a desire to reinvigorate urban areas with village sociality, with {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}.{{cite book \\|last\\=Kusno \\|first\\=Abidin \\|title\\=Behind the Postcolonial: Architecture, Urban Space and Political Cultures \\|year\\=2003 \\|publisher\\=Routledge \\|location\\=NY \\|page\\=152}} Suharto's New Order was characterized by much discourse about tradition. During the New Order, Siskamling harnessed the idea of {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}}. By the 1990s, if not sooner, {{Lang\\|jv\\-latn\\|gotong royong}} had been \"fossilized\" by New Order sloganeering.{{cite book \\|last\\=Anderson \\|first\\=Benedict \\|author\\-link\\=Benedict Anderson \\|title\\=Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia \\|url\\=https://archive.org/details/languagepowerexp00ande\\_0\\|url\\-access\\=registration \\|year\\=1990 \\|publisher\\=Cornell UP \\|location\\=Ithaca, NY \\|page\\=\\[https://archive.org/details/languagepowerexp00ande\\_0/page/148 148]}} During the presidency of [Megawati](/wiki/Megawati \"Megawati\"), the [Gotong Royong Cabinet](/wiki/Mutual_Assistance_Cabinet \"Mutual Assistance Cabinet\") was implemented. It lasted from 2001 to 2004\\.",
"#### Philippines",
"[thumb\\|Members of the community volunteering to move a house to new location. Though no longer commonplace, this method of moving houses has become a traditional symbol for the concept of {{Lang\\|fil\\|bayanihan}}.](/wiki/File:Bayanihan_2.JPG \"Bayanihan 2.JPG\")\n{{Lang\\|fil\\|Bayanihan}} ({{IPAc\\-en\\|b\\|aɪ\\|ə\\|n\\|i\\|h\\|ə\\|n}}, {{IPA\\|tl\\|ˌbajɐˈnihan\\|IPA}}) is a [Filipino](/wiki/Filipino_language \"Filipino language\") term taken from the word {{Lang\\|fil\\|bayan}}, referring to a nation, country,{{cite book \\|last1\\=Visser \\|first1\\=Wayne \\|last2\\=Tolhurst \\|first2\\=Nick \\|title\\=The World Guide to CSR: A Country\\-by\\-Country Analysis of Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility \\|date\\=2017 \\|publisher\\=Routledge \\|isbn\\=978\\-1\\-351\\-27890\\-4 \\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=4Kk0DwAAQBAJ\\&pg\\=PT60 \\|access\\-date\\=9 April 2020 \\|language\\=en}} town or community. The whole term {{Lang\\|fil\\|bayanihan}} refers to a spirit of communal unity or effort to achieve a particular objective. It is focused on doing things as a group as it relates to one's community.{{cite book \\|last1\\=Gripaldo \\|first1\\=Rolando M. \\|title\\=Filipino Cultural Traits: Claro R. Ceniza Lectures \\|date\\=2005 \\|publisher\\=CRVP \\|isbn\\=978\\-1\\-56518\\-225\\-7 \\|page\\=173 \\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=hXJe6vKMjroC\\&pg\\=PA173 \\|access\\-date\\=9 April 2020 \\|language\\=en}}",
"##### Etymology",
"The term {{Lang\\|fil\\|bayanihan}} originated in the practice of volunteers from a community helping a family move by carrying the house itself, a tradition which remains the classic illustration for the concept as a whole.{{cite book \\|last1\\=Smith \\|first1\\=Bradford \\|last2\\=Shue \\|first2\\=Sylvia \\|last3\\=Villarreal \\|first3\\=Joseph \\|title\\=Asian and Hispanic philanthropy: sharing and giving money, goods, and services in the Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Mexican, and Guatemalan communities in the San Francisco Bay Area \\|date\\=1992 \\|publisher\\=University of San Francisco, Institute for Nonprofit Organization Management, College of Professional Studies \\|page\\=113 \\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=kv27AAAAIAAJ \\|access\\-date\\=9 April 2020 \\|language\\=en}} The feat is accomplished by building a frame from bamboo poles, which individuals stationed at the ends of each pole then use to lift and carry the house. The family traditionally shows their gratitude for the assistance by hosting a small [fiesta](/wiki/Festival \"Festival\").",
"##### Usage",
"In society, {{Lang\\|fil\\|bayanihan}} has been adopted as a term to refer to a local civil effort to resolve national issues. One of the first groups to use the term is the [Bayanihan Philippine National Folk Dance Company](/wiki/Bayanihan_Philippine_National_Folk_Dance_Company \"Bayanihan Philippine National Folk Dance Company\") which travels to countries to perform traditional folk dances of the country with the objective of promoting Philippine culture. The concept is related to {{Lang\\|fil\\|damayán}} ('to help one another').",
"In computing, the term {{Lang\\|fil\\|bayanihan}} has evolved into many meanings and incorporated as [codenames](/wiki/Codename \"Codename\") to projects that depict the spirit of cooperative effort involving a community of members. An example of these projects is the Bayanihan Linux project which is a Philippines\\-based desktop\\-focused Linux distribution.",
"In ethnic newspapers, *Bayanihan News* is the name of the community newspaper for the Philippine community in Australia. It is in English and in Filipino with regular news and articles on Philippine current events and history. It was established in October 1998 in Sydney, Australia.",
"#### Iran",
"{{Multiple issues\\|{{unreferenced section\\|date\\=February 2022}}\n{{off topic\\|date\\=February 2022}}\\|section\\=y}}\n[Basij](/wiki/Basij \"Basij\") was created after the Islamic Revolution and during the Iran and Iraq wars. It was an organization which aimed to gather volunteers for fighting in the frontline. It was also a central idea of utilizing donations and volunteers to help the soldiers and bringing aid to the frontline.\nWomen played a big role by knitting warm clothes, making foods, sewing new uniforms or religious accessories.\nBasij's aim and goals have been shifted and distorted after the war; after the war ended the Basij organization continue working as a center to spread ideologies of the Islamic revolution in schools and mosques. \nBasij now is part of the [Sepah](/wiki/Sepah \"Sepah\") army (military, cultural and financial) organization which receives an undefined budget from the government.",
"#### Turkey",
"",
"{{Lang\\|tr\\|Imece}} is a name given for a traditional [Turkish](/wiki/Turkish_people \"Turkish people\") village\\-scale [collaboration](/wiki/Collaboration \"Collaboration\").{{Cite web \\|title\\=Academy to raise new generation of farmers \\- Latest News \\|url\\=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/academy\\-to\\-raise\\-new\\-generation\\-of\\-farmers\\-173433 \\|url\\-status\\=live \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504140122/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/academy\\-to\\-raise\\-new\\-generation\\-of\\-farmers\\-173433 \\|archive\\-date\\=2022\\-05\\-04 \\|access\\-date\\=2023\\-04\\-08 \\|website\\=Hürriyet Daily News \\|date\\=2 May 2022 \\|language\\=en}} For example, if a couple is getting married, villagers participate in the overall organization of the ceremony including but not limited to preparation of the celebration venue, food, building and settlement of the new house for the newly weds. Tasks are often distributed according to expertise and has no central authority to govern activities.{{Citation needed\\|date\\=April 2023}}",
""
] |
### Europe
#### Finland \& the Baltics
[thumb\|right\|A tent is being raised in a {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}} for midsummer in [Ylimuonio](/wiki/Muonio "Muonio") in 2005\.](/wiki/Image:Talkoot_Ylimuonio.JPG "Talkoot Ylimuonio.JPG")
{{Lang\|fi\|Talkoot}} (from [Finnish](/wiki/Finnish_language "Finnish language") {{Lang\|fi\|talkoo}}, almost always used in plural, {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}}) is a Finnish expression for a gathering of friends and neighbors organized to accomplish a task. The word is [borrowed](/wiki/Loanword "Loanword") into [Finland Swedish](/wiki/Finland_Swedish "Finland Swedish") as {{Lang\|sv\-fi\|talko}}Mikael Reuter: [*En/ett iögonfallande talko?*](http://www.kotus.fi/?l=sv&=1551) {{in lang\|sv}}. Retrieved: 2010\-10\-04\. but is unknown to most [Swedes](/wiki/Sweden "Sweden"). However, cognate terms and in approximately the same context are used in [Estonia](/wiki/Estonia "Estonia") ({{Lang\|et\|talgu(d)}}),{{cite web\|url\=http://www.eki.ee/dict/ekss/index.cgi?Q\=talgu\&F\=M\|title\=\[EKSS] "Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat"\|work\=eki.ee}} Latvia (noun {{Lang\|lv\|talka}}, verb {{Lang\|lv\|talkot}}), and Lithuania (noun {{Lang\|lt\|talka}}, verb {{Lang\|lt\|talkauti}}). It is the cultural equivalent of communal work in a village community, although adapted to the conditions of [Finland](/wiki/Finland "Finland"), where most families traditionally lived in isolated farms often miles away from the nearest village.
A {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}} is by definition voluntary, and the work is unpaid. The voluntary nature might be imaginary due to [social pressure](/wiki/Social_pressure "Social pressure"), especially in small communities, and one's honour and reputation may be severely damaged by non\-attendance or laziness. The task of the {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}} may be something that is a common concern for the good of the group, or it may be to help someone with a task that exceeds his or her own capacity. For instance, elderly neighbours or relatives can need help if their house or garden is damaged by a storm, or siblings can agree to arrange a party for a parent's special birthday as a {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}}.
Typically, club houses, landings, churches, and parish halls can be repaired through a {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}}, or environmental tasks for the neighborhood are undertaken. The parents of pre\-school children may gather to improve the playground, or the tenants of a tenement house may arrange a {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}} to put their garden in order for the summer or winter. A person unable to contribute with actual work may contribute food for the {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}} party, or act as a baby\-sitter. When a {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}} is for the benefit of an individual, he or she is the host of the {{Lang\|fi\|talkoot}} party and is obliged to offer food and drink.
#### Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland
{{Lang\|ru\-latn\|Toloka}}{{cite web \|url\=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/vasmer/48989/%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0 \|title\=Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary \|work\=dic.academic.ru}} or {{Lang\|ru\-latn\|taloka}} (also {{Lang\|ru\-latn\|pomoch}}) in [Russian](/wiki/Russian_language "Russian language") ({{Lang\|uk\-latn\|toloka}} in [Ukrainian](/wiki/Ukrainian_language "Ukrainian language") and {{Lang\|be\-latn\|talaka}} in [Belarusian](/wiki/Belarusian_language "Belarusian language"), {{Lang\|pl\|tłoka}} in [Polish](/wiki/Polish_language "Polish language")) is the form of communal voluntary work. Neighbours gather together to build something , to harvest crops, etc.
#### Hungary
{{Lang\|hu\|Kaláka}} ({{IPA\-hu\|ˈkɒlaːkɒ\|IPA}}) is the [Hungarian](/wiki/Hungarian_language "Hungarian language") word for working together for a common goal. This can be building a house or doing agricultural activities together, or any other communal work on a volunteer basis.
#### Ireland
{{Lang\|ga\|Meitheal}} ({{IPA\-ga\|ˈmʲɛhəlˠ\|IPA}}) is the [Irish](/wiki/Irish_language "Irish language") word for a work team, gang, or party and denotes the co\-operative labour system in [Ireland](/wiki/Ireland "Ireland") where groups of neighbours help each other in turn with farming work such as harvesting crops.{{cite web \|url\=http://www.englishirishdictionary.com/dictionary?language\=irish\&word\=meitheal \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710193305/http://www.englishirishdictionary.com/dictionary?language\=irish\&word\=meitheal \|archive\-date\=10 July 2011 \|title\=Meitheal \|work\=Irish Dictionary Online \|publisher\=englishirishdictionary.com \|access\-date\=28 March 2013 }}
The term is used in various writings of Irish language authors. It can convey the idea of community spirit in which neighbours respond to each other's needs. In modern use for example, a {{Lang\|ga\|meitheal}} could be a party of neighbours and friends invited to help decorate a house in exchange for food and drink, or in [scouting](/wiki/Scouting "Scouting"), where volunteer campsite wardens maintain campsites around Ireland.{{cite web \| url\=https://issuu.com/scoutingireland/docs/larch\_hill\_history\_handbook \| title\=The Larch Hill Story by Scouting Ireland \- Issuu \| date\=7 February 2021 }}
#### Spain
{{Lang\|ast\|Andecha}} (from Latin {{Lang\|la\|indictia}} 'announcement) is voluntary, unpaid and punctual aid to help a neighbor carry out agricultural tasks (cutting hay, harvesting potatoes, building a barn, collecting apples to make cider, etc.). The work is rewarded with a snack or a small party and the tacit commitment that the person assisted will come with their family to the call of another {{Lang\|ast\|andecha}} when another neighbor requests it.{{Cite web \| url\=https://dej.rae.es/lema/andecha \| title\=Definición de andecha \- Diccionario panhispánico del español jurídico \- RAE }} It is very similar to the Irish {{Lang\|ga\|meitheal}}.
It should not be confused with another Asturian collective work institution, the {{Lang\|ast\|sestaferia}}. In this, the provision of the service is mandatory (under penalty of fine) and is not called a to help of an individual but the provision of common services (repair of bridges, cleaning of roads, etc.)
#### Norway
**{{Lang\|no\|Dugnad}}** is a Norwegian term for voluntary work done together with other people.{{cite book \|title\=The political economy of rural development: modernisation without centralisation? \|author1\=Ottar Brox \|author2\=John M. Bryden \|author3\=Robert Storey \|year\=2006 \|publisher\=Eburon Uitgeverij B.V \|isbn\=90\-5972\-086\-5\| page\=79 \|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=aA2HHUYAZlwC}} It is a core phenomenon for Norwegians, and the word was voted as the Norwegian word of the year 2004 in the TV programme *[Typisk norsk](/wiki/Typisk_norsk "Typisk norsk")* ('Typically Norwegian'). Participation in a {{Lang\|no\|dugnad}} is often followed by a common meal, served by the host, or consisting of various dishes brought by the participants, thus the meal is also a dugnad.
In urban areas, the {{Lang\|no\|dugnad}} is most commonly identified with outdoor spring cleaning and gardening in housing co\-operatives. {{Lang\|no\|Dugnader}} (plural) are also a phenomenon in kindergartens and elementary schools to make the area nice, clean and safe and to do decorating etc. such as painting and other types of maintenance. {{Lang\|no\|Dugnader}} occur more widely in remote and rural areas. Neighbours sometimes participate during house or garage building, and organizations (such as kindergartens or non\-profit organisations) may arrange annual {{Lang\|no\|dugnader}}.
The Norwegian word {{Lang\|no\|dugnadsånd}} is translatable to the spirit of will to work together for a better community. Many Norwegians will describe this as a typical Norwegian thing to have.
The word {{Lang\|no\|dugnad}} was used to unite the people of Norway to cooperate and shut down public activities to fight the pandemic of 2020\.[One Word Spared Norway From COVID\-19 Disaster](https://medium.com/@kelseylo/one-word-spared-norway-from-covid-19-disaster-96c7f1853395) Kelsey L.O. July 20, 2020
#### Serbia
{{Unreferenced section\|date\=February 2022}}
{{Lang\|sr\-latn\|Moba}} (Serbian: {{Lang\|sr\|моба}}) is an old Serbian tradition of communal self\-help in villages. It was a request for help in labor\-intensive activities, like harvesting wheat, building a church or repairing village roads.
The work was entirely voluntary and no compensation, except possibly meals for workers, was expected.
|
[
"### Europe",
"#### Finland \\& the Baltics",
"[thumb\\|right\\|A tent is being raised in a {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}} for midsummer in [Ylimuonio](/wiki/Muonio \"Muonio\") in 2005\\.](/wiki/Image:Talkoot_Ylimuonio.JPG \"Talkoot Ylimuonio.JPG\")\n{{Lang\\|fi\\|Talkoot}} (from [Finnish](/wiki/Finnish_language \"Finnish language\") {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoo}}, almost always used in plural, {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}}) is a Finnish expression for a gathering of friends and neighbors organized to accomplish a task. The word is [borrowed](/wiki/Loanword \"Loanword\") into [Finland Swedish](/wiki/Finland_Swedish \"Finland Swedish\") as {{Lang\\|sv\\-fi\\|talko}}Mikael Reuter: [*En/ett iögonfallande talko?*](http://www.kotus.fi/?l=sv&=1551) {{in lang\\|sv}}. Retrieved: 2010\\-10\\-04\\. but is unknown to most [Swedes](/wiki/Sweden \"Sweden\"). However, cognate terms and in approximately the same context are used in [Estonia](/wiki/Estonia \"Estonia\") ({{Lang\\|et\\|talgu(d)}}),{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.eki.ee/dict/ekss/index.cgi?Q\\=talgu\\&F\\=M\\|title\\=\\[EKSS] \"Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat\"\\|work\\=eki.ee}} Latvia (noun {{Lang\\|lv\\|talka}}, verb {{Lang\\|lv\\|talkot}}), and Lithuania (noun {{Lang\\|lt\\|talka}}, verb {{Lang\\|lt\\|talkauti}}). It is the cultural equivalent of communal work in a village community, although adapted to the conditions of [Finland](/wiki/Finland \"Finland\"), where most families traditionally lived in isolated farms often miles away from the nearest village.",
"A {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}} is by definition voluntary, and the work is unpaid. The voluntary nature might be imaginary due to [social pressure](/wiki/Social_pressure \"Social pressure\"), especially in small communities, and one's honour and reputation may be severely damaged by non\\-attendance or laziness. The task of the {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}} may be something that is a common concern for the good of the group, or it may be to help someone with a task that exceeds his or her own capacity. For instance, elderly neighbours or relatives can need help if their house or garden is damaged by a storm, or siblings can agree to arrange a party for a parent's special birthday as a {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}}.",
"Typically, club houses, landings, churches, and parish halls can be repaired through a {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}}, or environmental tasks for the neighborhood are undertaken. The parents of pre\\-school children may gather to improve the playground, or the tenants of a tenement house may arrange a {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}} to put their garden in order for the summer or winter. A person unable to contribute with actual work may contribute food for the {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}} party, or act as a baby\\-sitter. When a {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}} is for the benefit of an individual, he or she is the host of the {{Lang\\|fi\\|talkoot}} party and is obliged to offer food and drink.",
"#### Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland",
"{{Lang\\|ru\\-latn\\|Toloka}}{{cite web \\|url\\=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/vasmer/48989/%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0 \\|title\\=Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary \\|work\\=dic.academic.ru}} or {{Lang\\|ru\\-latn\\|taloka}} (also {{Lang\\|ru\\-latn\\|pomoch}}) in [Russian](/wiki/Russian_language \"Russian language\") ({{Lang\\|uk\\-latn\\|toloka}} in [Ukrainian](/wiki/Ukrainian_language \"Ukrainian language\") and {{Lang\\|be\\-latn\\|talaka}} in [Belarusian](/wiki/Belarusian_language \"Belarusian language\"), {{Lang\\|pl\\|tłoka}} in [Polish](/wiki/Polish_language \"Polish language\")) is the form of communal voluntary work. Neighbours gather together to build something , to harvest crops, etc.",
"#### Hungary",
"{{Lang\\|hu\\|Kaláka}} ({{IPA\\-hu\\|ˈkɒlaːkɒ\\|IPA}}) is the [Hungarian](/wiki/Hungarian_language \"Hungarian language\") word for working together for a common goal. This can be building a house or doing agricultural activities together, or any other communal work on a volunteer basis.",
"#### Ireland",
"{{Lang\\|ga\\|Meitheal}} ({{IPA\\-ga\\|ˈmʲɛhəlˠ\\|IPA}}) is the [Irish](/wiki/Irish_language \"Irish language\") word for a work team, gang, or party and denotes the co\\-operative labour system in [Ireland](/wiki/Ireland \"Ireland\") where groups of neighbours help each other in turn with farming work such as harvesting crops.{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.englishirishdictionary.com/dictionary?language\\=irish\\&word\\=meitheal \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710193305/http://www.englishirishdictionary.com/dictionary?language\\=irish\\&word\\=meitheal \\|archive\\-date\\=10 July 2011 \\|title\\=Meitheal \\|work\\=Irish Dictionary Online \\|publisher\\=englishirishdictionary.com \\|access\\-date\\=28 March 2013 }}",
"The term is used in various writings of Irish language authors. It can convey the idea of community spirit in which neighbours respond to each other's needs. In modern use for example, a {{Lang\\|ga\\|meitheal}} could be a party of neighbours and friends invited to help decorate a house in exchange for food and drink, or in [scouting](/wiki/Scouting \"Scouting\"), where volunteer campsite wardens maintain campsites around Ireland.{{cite web \\| url\\=https://issuu.com/scoutingireland/docs/larch\\_hill\\_history\\_handbook \\| title\\=The Larch Hill Story by Scouting Ireland \\- Issuu \\| date\\=7 February 2021 }}",
"#### Spain",
"{{Lang\\|ast\\|Andecha}} (from Latin {{Lang\\|la\\|indictia}} 'announcement) is voluntary, unpaid and punctual aid to help a neighbor carry out agricultural tasks (cutting hay, harvesting potatoes, building a barn, collecting apples to make cider, etc.). The work is rewarded with a snack or a small party and the tacit commitment that the person assisted will come with their family to the call of another {{Lang\\|ast\\|andecha}} when another neighbor requests it.{{Cite web \\| url\\=https://dej.rae.es/lema/andecha \\| title\\=Definición de andecha \\- Diccionario panhispánico del español jurídico \\- RAE }} It is very similar to the Irish {{Lang\\|ga\\|meitheal}}.",
"It should not be confused with another Asturian collective work institution, the {{Lang\\|ast\\|sestaferia}}. In this, the provision of the service is mandatory (under penalty of fine) and is not called a to help of an individual but the provision of common services (repair of bridges, cleaning of roads, etc.)",
"#### Norway",
"**{{Lang\\|no\\|Dugnad}}** is a Norwegian term for voluntary work done together with other people.{{cite book \\|title\\=The political economy of rural development: modernisation without centralisation? \\|author1\\=Ottar Brox \\|author2\\=John M. Bryden \\|author3\\=Robert Storey \\|year\\=2006 \\|publisher\\=Eburon Uitgeverij B.V \\|isbn\\=90\\-5972\\-086\\-5\\| page\\=79 \\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=aA2HHUYAZlwC}} It is a core phenomenon for Norwegians, and the word was voted as the Norwegian word of the year 2004 in the TV programme *[Typisk norsk](/wiki/Typisk_norsk \"Typisk norsk\")* ('Typically Norwegian'). Participation in a {{Lang\\|no\\|dugnad}} is often followed by a common meal, served by the host, or consisting of various dishes brought by the participants, thus the meal is also a dugnad.",
"In urban areas, the {{Lang\\|no\\|dugnad}} is most commonly identified with outdoor spring cleaning and gardening in housing co\\-operatives. {{Lang\\|no\\|Dugnader}} (plural) are also a phenomenon in kindergartens and elementary schools to make the area nice, clean and safe and to do decorating etc. such as painting and other types of maintenance. {{Lang\\|no\\|Dugnader}} occur more widely in remote and rural areas. Neighbours sometimes participate during house or garage building, and organizations (such as kindergartens or non\\-profit organisations) may arrange annual {{Lang\\|no\\|dugnader}}.",
"The Norwegian word {{Lang\\|no\\|dugnadsånd}} is translatable to the spirit of will to work together for a better community. Many Norwegians will describe this as a typical Norwegian thing to have.",
"The word {{Lang\\|no\\|dugnad}} was used to unite the people of Norway to cooperate and shut down public activities to fight the pandemic of 2020\\.[One Word Spared Norway From COVID\\-19 Disaster](https://medium.com/@kelseylo/one-word-spared-norway-from-covid-19-disaster-96c7f1853395) Kelsey L.O. July 20, 2020",
"#### Serbia",
"{{Unreferenced section\\|date\\=February 2022}}\n{{Lang\\|sr\\-latn\\|Moba}} (Serbian: {{Lang\\|sr\\|моба}}) is an old Serbian tradition of communal self\\-help in villages. It was a request for help in labor\\-intensive activities, like harvesting wheat, building a church or repairing village roads.",
"The work was entirely voluntary and no compensation, except possibly meals for workers, was expected.",
""
] |
Overview
--------
### Premise
The series centered on an ensemble cast of pale, rubbery, twitchy, yellow\-eyed, blue\-haired, green\-tongued and shirtless [humanoids](/wiki/Humanoid "Humanoid") called "The Brothers Grunt" or simply "The Grunts" with prominent bulging varicose veins, generally clumsy and dim\-witted, able to bend, twist and contort their bodies into various forms, all of them ostensibly male, wandering around in their signature attire of [boxers](/wiki/Boxer_shorts "Boxer shorts") and wingtip shoes. Their main food staple is cheese and [martinis](/wiki/Martini_%28cocktail%29 "Martini (cocktail)"); nevertheless, they are able to eat other foods (at least potatoes, according to the episode "Not My Potato").
The Grunt's single parent is a large, floating, mute and fat male humanoid called Gruntus Primus Maximus or simply "The Maximus", often leaking various noxious bodily fluids, to whom they are born as [embryos](/wiki/Embryo "Embryo") inside skin warts, much in the way of the [common Surinam toad](/wiki/Common_Surinam_toad "Common Surinam toad"). They live in a [monastery](/wiki/Monastery "Monastery") in an unspecified location in the American wilderness, which the sewers lead to.
A group is formed, composed of five of a group of [sextuplets](/wiki/Sextuplets "Sextuplets") born from the Maximus in a rare occurrence, in a quest to bring back their sixth brother, Perry, who has abandoned his involuntary position of "[Chosen One](/wiki/The_Chosen_One_%28trope%29 "The Chosen One (trope)")" (leader of their order) and is now living the "high life" among human beings (who seem to deal with the bizarre nature of the Grunts by ignoring them and pretending everything is normal).
Due to the Grunts being practically silent characters, whose speech mostly consists of grunts with occasional subtitles (hence the name), most of the humor relies on physical comedy, particularly the Grunts enduring heaps of physical abuse.
In music video segments that are intervened with some episodes, supervised by Kathy Karp, there are additional animated portions of the main characters grunting.
### Lore
As shown in the episode "Grunt Moments in History", Grunts' earliest known ancestor was a pale, veiny hippo\-like creature called the Gruntus Not Quite Us, which can be presumed to be a relative of the Gruntus Primus Maximus as it is shown birthing Grunts from its back. A prehistoric Grunt called the Neandergrunt had invented the [cocktail glass](/wiki/Cocktail_glass "Cocktail glass") using a cone\-shaped bone. An influential Grunt named The 5th of Kevin was born centuries later. While the others fell off the Gruntus Primus Maximus at birth, Kevin remained and lived on the body of the Maximus his whole life. He built the monastery as a safehaven to protect his fellow Grunts, including the Maximus, from human persecution. The Brothers Grunt are therefore not only religious brothers, but biological brothers as well. Not much is known about the Grunt religion (itself seemingly a spoof on [Catholicism](/wiki/Catholicism "Catholicism") due to the brown monk's habit worn by the brothers on occasion) other than that it involves the almost [monomaniacal](/wiki/Monomaniacal "Monomaniacal") reverence, production and eating of cheese, as well as a variety of bizarre rituals overseen by the Gruntus Poobah. As shown in the episode "The Filling of the Shorts", the Grunts' trademark boxer shorts, invented by Brother Wayne, contain massive amounts of cheese stored in some sort of [hammerspace](/wiki/Hammerspace "Hammerspace") pocket.
A sporting event is held on occasion called the Grunt Games, as shown in the episode of the same name, including such sports as necktie\-folding, [sumo](/wiki/Sumo "Sumo"), doing a [clean and jerk](/wiki/Clean_and_jerk "Clean and jerk") using a giant cheese called the Great Dane before swallowing it whole, diving off the Maximus into a pool of melted cheese, throwing a giant olive into a sandwich, and a relay race involving assembling a martini.
### Characters
The main characters were named after famous [crooners](/wiki/Crooners "Crooners") of the 1950s: [Frank (Sinatra)](/wiki/Frank_Sinatra "Frank Sinatra"), [Tony (Bennett)](/wiki/Tony_Bennett "Tony Bennett"), [Bing (Crosby)](/wiki/Bing_Crosby "Bing Crosby"), [Dean (Martin)](/wiki/Dean_Martin "Dean Martin"), [Sammy (Davis Jr.)](/wiki/Sammy_Davis%2C_Jr. "Sammy Davis, Jr."), and [Perry (Como)](/wiki/Perry_Como "Perry Como"), all voiced by [Doug Parker](/wiki/Doug_Parker_%28voice_actor%29 "Doug Parker (voice actor)"). They are sextuplets, all born from the same wart on the Maximus' skin, a rare occurrence among Grunts.
#### Main
* Perry – a hunchbacked Grunt who became the chosen one in the pilot episode, but escapes due to the pressure of such a title.
* Frank – constantly bites his lips and cares the most about finding Perry.
* Tony – always faces upward due to his broken neck. In the episode "Cream Style Tony" he becomes popular for speaking his first English word, "corn".
* Bing – the largest of the brothers. Appears the least often and might have been killed off in the episode "To Hell With Bing".
* Dean – smiles constantly and is the most easily distracted of the brothers.
* Sammy – a Grunt who puckers his lips due to his lack of teeth and is in love with a lamp.
#### Major
* The Detective – (Doug Parker) The series' main antagonist. A balding police detective who chases down the Grunts in a multi\-episode story arc after Frank was arrested for swallowing a microphone. He believes the Grunts are insane (unaware that they are not human and have a distinct society) and is often accused of being insane himself. After visiting places the Grunts had been to before in previous episodes, he finds the monastery and is invited inside. It is unknown what happened after this, but it is known he came out alive and is still investigating the Grunts. He is rarely seen without his coffee mug and occasionally wears a chicken suit.
* Gruntus Poobah – (Doug Parker) The leader of the brotherhood of grunt, he serves as the show's host and explains the plot before each episode. He also appears often in flashbacks and hallucinations when the grunts are in a situation, giving them advice. He is the only Grunt shown speaking perfect English. He was once a famous poet in the human world who read poems to a [beatnik](/wiki/Beatnik "Beatnik") audience, as shown in the episode "Poobah Blues".
* Ringo – the Poobah's mute Middle Eastern assistant who has to carry him around on his back due to his grotesque obesity. He is the only human present in the Grunt Monastery other than formerly Vince. He also gives the Poobah massages and, as shown in the unaired episode "Black Balled Grunt", acts as his muscle.
* The Dıflash Queen's İgnam lamp – (Jennifer Wilson) A Turkish lamp who becomes Sammy's girlfriend and an honorary member of the Grunts' traveling party in search of Perry.
* The Gruntus Primus Maximus – (Doug Parker) Otherwise known simply as "The Maximus", he is a floating fat and mute giant and the male parent of the Grunts. All Grunts are born or hatched from [warts](/wiki/Wart "Wart") on his back. The Poobah attends to him, helping him birth more Grunts and feeding him cheese. Being the single parent of the Grunts, he is also the subject of a ["Yo mama" joke](/wiki/%22Yo_mama%22_joke) in the episode "Black Balled Grunt", specifically "your Maximus wears tennis shoes".
* The Dıflash Queen – (Jennifer Wilson) A Turkish Queen that appeared in the episode "Scrub Me Sammy".
* The Fifth of Kevin – (Doug Parker) The founder of the Grunt civilization who appeared in the episode "Grunt Moments in History".
* The Smein – (Doug Parker) A [Nazi](/wiki/Nazi "Nazi") German skunk that appears in the lost episode "Hunt for Grunts".
* Krischmäßante – (Doug Parker) The Smein's best friend skunk.
* [Santa Claus](/wiki/Santa_Claus "Santa Claus") (St. Nicholas or especially Kris Kringle) – (Doug Parker) A present\-bringer that appears in the lost episode "The Grunts Who Came for Turkey".
* Vince – (Doug Parker) A human who was raised in the Grunt Monastery that appeared in the unaired episode "Hunt for Grunts". He showed repeated hostility towards the Grunts, even giving them [tofu](/wiki/Tofu "Tofu") instead of cheese as a prank, and even attempted to lead the Grunts in a coup against the Poobah, until he was finally banished from the monastery.
The characters that would become The Brothers Grunt were first seen in one of MTV's numerous 30\-second promos. This particular promo consisted of close\-up shots of the then\-unnamed character's faces who seemed to be straining to do something (veins in their heads would bulge, the characters would squint and grunt) until the scene cut to the MTV logo landing in a pool of sludge followed by a satisfied "Ahhhhh" (suggesting that the characters were suffering from [constipation](/wiki/Constipation "Constipation") and the [MTV](/wiki/MTV "MTV") logo was the 'turd' as it were). It is unclear when this promo aired if the storyline and characters for *The Brothers Grunt* had been developed already or if it had been developed into its own show after the success of the promo, in the wake of *[Beavis and Butt\-Head](/wiki/Beavis_and_Butt-Head "Beavis and Butt-Head")*.
|
[
"Overview\n--------",
"### Premise",
"The series centered on an ensemble cast of pale, rubbery, twitchy, yellow\\-eyed, blue\\-haired, green\\-tongued and shirtless [humanoids](/wiki/Humanoid \"Humanoid\") called \"The Brothers Grunt\" or simply \"The Grunts\" with prominent bulging varicose veins, generally clumsy and dim\\-witted, able to bend, twist and contort their bodies into various forms, all of them ostensibly male, wandering around in their signature attire of [boxers](/wiki/Boxer_shorts \"Boxer shorts\") and wingtip shoes. Their main food staple is cheese and [martinis](/wiki/Martini_%28cocktail%29 \"Martini (cocktail)\"); nevertheless, they are able to eat other foods (at least potatoes, according to the episode \"Not My Potato\").",
"The Grunt's single parent is a large, floating, mute and fat male humanoid called Gruntus Primus Maximus or simply \"The Maximus\", often leaking various noxious bodily fluids, to whom they are born as [embryos](/wiki/Embryo \"Embryo\") inside skin warts, much in the way of the [common Surinam toad](/wiki/Common_Surinam_toad \"Common Surinam toad\"). They live in a [monastery](/wiki/Monastery \"Monastery\") in an unspecified location in the American wilderness, which the sewers lead to.",
"A group is formed, composed of five of a group of [sextuplets](/wiki/Sextuplets \"Sextuplets\") born from the Maximus in a rare occurrence, in a quest to bring back their sixth brother, Perry, who has abandoned his involuntary position of \"[Chosen One](/wiki/The_Chosen_One_%28trope%29 \"The Chosen One (trope)\")\" (leader of their order) and is now living the \"high life\" among human beings (who seem to deal with the bizarre nature of the Grunts by ignoring them and pretending everything is normal).",
"Due to the Grunts being practically silent characters, whose speech mostly consists of grunts with occasional subtitles (hence the name), most of the humor relies on physical comedy, particularly the Grunts enduring heaps of physical abuse. \nIn music video segments that are intervened with some episodes, supervised by Kathy Karp, there are additional animated portions of the main characters grunting.",
"### Lore",
"As shown in the episode \"Grunt Moments in History\", Grunts' earliest known ancestor was a pale, veiny hippo\\-like creature called the Gruntus Not Quite Us, which can be presumed to be a relative of the Gruntus Primus Maximus as it is shown birthing Grunts from its back. A prehistoric Grunt called the Neandergrunt had invented the [cocktail glass](/wiki/Cocktail_glass \"Cocktail glass\") using a cone\\-shaped bone. An influential Grunt named The 5th of Kevin was born centuries later. While the others fell off the Gruntus Primus Maximus at birth, Kevin remained and lived on the body of the Maximus his whole life. He built the monastery as a safehaven to protect his fellow Grunts, including the Maximus, from human persecution. The Brothers Grunt are therefore not only religious brothers, but biological brothers as well. Not much is known about the Grunt religion (itself seemingly a spoof on [Catholicism](/wiki/Catholicism \"Catholicism\") due to the brown monk's habit worn by the brothers on occasion) other than that it involves the almost [monomaniacal](/wiki/Monomaniacal \"Monomaniacal\") reverence, production and eating of cheese, as well as a variety of bizarre rituals overseen by the Gruntus Poobah. As shown in the episode \"The Filling of the Shorts\", the Grunts' trademark boxer shorts, invented by Brother Wayne, contain massive amounts of cheese stored in some sort of [hammerspace](/wiki/Hammerspace \"Hammerspace\") pocket.",
"A sporting event is held on occasion called the Grunt Games, as shown in the episode of the same name, including such sports as necktie\\-folding, [sumo](/wiki/Sumo \"Sumo\"), doing a [clean and jerk](/wiki/Clean_and_jerk \"Clean and jerk\") using a giant cheese called the Great Dane before swallowing it whole, diving off the Maximus into a pool of melted cheese, throwing a giant olive into a sandwich, and a relay race involving assembling a martini.",
"### Characters",
"The main characters were named after famous [crooners](/wiki/Crooners \"Crooners\") of the 1950s: [Frank (Sinatra)](/wiki/Frank_Sinatra \"Frank Sinatra\"), [Tony (Bennett)](/wiki/Tony_Bennett \"Tony Bennett\"), [Bing (Crosby)](/wiki/Bing_Crosby \"Bing Crosby\"), [Dean (Martin)](/wiki/Dean_Martin \"Dean Martin\"), [Sammy (Davis Jr.)](/wiki/Sammy_Davis%2C_Jr. \"Sammy Davis, Jr.\"), and [Perry (Como)](/wiki/Perry_Como \"Perry Como\"), all voiced by [Doug Parker](/wiki/Doug_Parker_%28voice_actor%29 \"Doug Parker (voice actor)\"). They are sextuplets, all born from the same wart on the Maximus' skin, a rare occurrence among Grunts.",
"#### Main",
"* Perry – a hunchbacked Grunt who became the chosen one in the pilot episode, but escapes due to the pressure of such a title.\n* Frank – constantly bites his lips and cares the most about finding Perry.\n* Tony – always faces upward due to his broken neck. In the episode \"Cream Style Tony\" he becomes popular for speaking his first English word, \"corn\".\n* Bing – the largest of the brothers. Appears the least often and might have been killed off in the episode \"To Hell With Bing\".\n* Dean – smiles constantly and is the most easily distracted of the brothers.\n* Sammy – a Grunt who puckers his lips due to his lack of teeth and is in love with a lamp.",
"#### Major",
"* The Detective – (Doug Parker) The series' main antagonist. A balding police detective who chases down the Grunts in a multi\\-episode story arc after Frank was arrested for swallowing a microphone. He believes the Grunts are insane (unaware that they are not human and have a distinct society) and is often accused of being insane himself. After visiting places the Grunts had been to before in previous episodes, he finds the monastery and is invited inside. It is unknown what happened after this, but it is known he came out alive and is still investigating the Grunts. He is rarely seen without his coffee mug and occasionally wears a chicken suit.\n* Gruntus Poobah – (Doug Parker) The leader of the brotherhood of grunt, he serves as the show's host and explains the plot before each episode. He also appears often in flashbacks and hallucinations when the grunts are in a situation, giving them advice. He is the only Grunt shown speaking perfect English. He was once a famous poet in the human world who read poems to a [beatnik](/wiki/Beatnik \"Beatnik\") audience, as shown in the episode \"Poobah Blues\".\n* Ringo – the Poobah's mute Middle Eastern assistant who has to carry him around on his back due to his grotesque obesity. He is the only human present in the Grunt Monastery other than formerly Vince. He also gives the Poobah massages and, as shown in the unaired episode \"Black Balled Grunt\", acts as his muscle.\n* The Dıflash Queen's İgnam lamp – (Jennifer Wilson) A Turkish lamp who becomes Sammy's girlfriend and an honorary member of the Grunts' traveling party in search of Perry.\n* The Gruntus Primus Maximus – (Doug Parker) Otherwise known simply as \"The Maximus\", he is a floating fat and mute giant and the male parent of the Grunts. All Grunts are born or hatched from [warts](/wiki/Wart \"Wart\") on his back. The Poobah attends to him, helping him birth more Grunts and feeding him cheese. Being the single parent of the Grunts, he is also the subject of a [\"Yo mama\" joke](/wiki/%22Yo_mama%22_joke) in the episode \"Black Balled Grunt\", specifically \"your Maximus wears tennis shoes\".\n* The Dıflash Queen – (Jennifer Wilson) A Turkish Queen that appeared in the episode \"Scrub Me Sammy\".\n* The Fifth of Kevin – (Doug Parker) The founder of the Grunt civilization who appeared in the episode \"Grunt Moments in History\".\n* The Smein – (Doug Parker) A [Nazi](/wiki/Nazi \"Nazi\") German skunk that appears in the lost episode \"Hunt for Grunts\".\n* Krischmäßante – (Doug Parker) The Smein's best friend skunk.\n* [Santa Claus](/wiki/Santa_Claus \"Santa Claus\") (St. Nicholas or especially Kris Kringle) – (Doug Parker) A present\\-bringer that appears in the lost episode \"The Grunts Who Came for Turkey\".\n* Vince – (Doug Parker) A human who was raised in the Grunt Monastery that appeared in the unaired episode \"Hunt for Grunts\". He showed repeated hostility towards the Grunts, even giving them [tofu](/wiki/Tofu \"Tofu\") instead of cheese as a prank, and even attempted to lead the Grunts in a coup against the Poobah, until he was finally banished from the monastery.",
"The characters that would become The Brothers Grunt were first seen in one of MTV's numerous 30\\-second promos. This particular promo consisted of close\\-up shots of the then\\-unnamed character's faces who seemed to be straining to do something (veins in their heads would bulge, the characters would squint and grunt) until the scene cut to the MTV logo landing in a pool of sludge followed by a satisfied \"Ahhhhh\" (suggesting that the characters were suffering from [constipation](/wiki/Constipation \"Constipation\") and the [MTV](/wiki/MTV \"MTV\") logo was the 'turd' as it were). It is unclear when this promo aired if the storyline and characters for *The Brothers Grunt* had been developed already or if it had been developed into its own show after the success of the promo, in the wake of *[Beavis and Butt\\-Head](/wiki/Beavis_and_Butt-Head \"Beavis and Butt-Head\")*.",
""
] |
History
-------
### Former building
The parish served by the church existed by 1108, when it was served by the [Augustinian](/wiki/Augustinians "Augustinians") [Holy Trinity Priory, Aldgate](/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Priory%2C_Aldgate "Holy Trinity Priory, Aldgate"), also called Christ Church, which was founded by [Maud](/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland "Matilda of Scotland"), queen at the time of [King Henry I](/wiki/Henry_I_of_England "Henry I of England"). The parishioners used the priory church but this proved unsatisfactory and disruptive to the priory's activities.
The [prior](/wiki/Prior_%28ecclesiastical%29 "Prior (ecclesiastical)") partly resolved the problem in 1280{{cite book \|editor1\-last\=Hibbert \|editor1\-first\=C \|editor2\-last\=Weinreb \|editor2\-first\=D \|editor3\-last\=Keay \|editor3\-first\=J \|orig\-year\=1983 \|year\=2008 \|title\=The London Encyclopaedia \|place\=London \|publisher\=Pan Macmillan \|isbn\=978\-1\-4050\-4924\-5}} by founding St Katharine Cree as a separate church for the parishioners. The site of the present church was originally in the priory's churchyard and it is possible that the church began as a cemetery chapel. It took its name from the priory, "Cree" being abstracted from forms like *Crichurch*, which were abbreviations of "Christ Church" (H.A. Harben, *A Dictionary of London* (1918\)). It was initially served by a [canon](/wiki/Canon_%28priest%29 "Canon (priest)") appointed by the prior but this did not prove satisfactory either, so, in 1414, the church was established as a parish church in its own right. The present tower was added about 1504\.
Describing the building at the end of the 16th century, [John Stow](/wiki/John_Stow "John Stow") wrote:
{{blockquote\|this church seemeth to be very old; since the building whereof the high street hath been so often raised by pavements that now men are fain to descend into the said church by divers steps, seven in number.{{cite book \|title\=London City Churches \|url\=https://archive.org/details/londoncitychurch00dani \|last\=Daniell \|first\=AE \|publisher\=Constable \|place\=London \|year\=1896 \|pages\=\[https://archive.org/details/londoncitychurch00dani/page/94 94–98]}}}}
### Current building
[thumb\|upright\=1\.1\|Inside the [nave](/wiki/Nave "Nave") of St Katharine Cree, looking east to the altar](/wiki/File:St_Katharine_Cree_Church_Interior_1%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg "St Katharine Cree Church Interior 1, London, UK - Diliff.jpg")
The present church was built in 1628–30, retaining the Tudor tower of its predecessor. It is larger than the previous church, incorporating a piece of ground previously occupied by a cloister on the north side, and the floor level is considerably higher. The rebuilt church was consecrated by [William Laud](/wiki/William_Laud "William Laud"),"The City Churches" Tabor, M. p39:London; The Swarthmore Press Ltd; 1917\. [Bishop of London](/wiki/Bishop_of_London "Bishop of London") on 31 January 1631\. His vestments and the form of service that he used for the consecration were later held against him in his trial and conviction for [heresy](/wiki/Heresy "Heresy"), when [Puritans](/wiki/Puritan "Puritan") accused him of having displayed [Catholic](/wiki/Catholic "Catholic") sympathies through his "bowings and cringings". He is commemorated by a chapel in the church.
The church escaped the [Great Fire of London](/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London "Great Fire of London") in 1666{{cite book \|last\=Pepys \|first\=Samuel \|author\-link\=Samuel Pepys \|editor\-last\=Latham \|editor\-first\=R \|year\=1985 \|title\=The Shorter Pepys \|place\=Harmondsworth \|publisher\=Penguin Books \|isbn\=0\-14\-009418\-0 \|page\=484 }} and suffered only minor damage in the [London Blitz](/wiki/London_Blitz "London Blitz") of the [Second World War](/wiki/Second_World_War "Second World War").{{cite book \|last\=Cobb \|first\=G \|year\=1942 \|title\=The Old Churches of London \|place\=London \|publisher\=Batsford }}{{page needed\|date\=January 2015}} However, structural problems required extensive restoration in 1962\. It is now one of the City's Guild churches.
St Katharine Cree is a significant church of the [Jacobean](/wiki/Jacobean_architecture "Jacobean architecture") period, a time when few new churches were built. It is the only Jacobean church to have survived in London. The identity of its architect is unknown. It has a high [nave](/wiki/Nave "Nave"),{{cite book \|last\=Tucker \|first\=T \|year\=2006 \|title\=The Visitors Guide to the City of London Churches \|place\=London \|publisher\=Friends of the City Churches \|isbn\=0\-9553945\-0\-3 }}{{page needed\|date\=January 2015}} linked with the narrow [aisles](/wiki/Aisle%23Church_architecture "Aisle#Church architecture") by [arcades](/wiki/Arcade_%28architecture%29 "Arcade (architecture)") supported on [Corinthian columns](/wiki/Corinthian_order "Corinthian order"). The church is {{convert\|31\|yd}} long and {{convert\|17\|yd}} wide; the height to the ceiling of the nave is {{convert\|37\|ft}}.
[thumb\|upright\=1\.1\|17th\-century [rose window](/wiki/Rose_window "Rose window")](/wiki/File:St_Katharine_Cree%2C_Leadenhall_Street%2C_London_EC3_-_Rose_window_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1078641.jpg "St Katharine Cree, Leadenhall Street, London EC3 - Rose window - geograph.org.uk - 1078641.jpg")
The [chancel](/wiki/Chancel "Chancel") has a [rose window](/wiki/Rose_window "Rose window"), reputedly modelled on the much larger one in [Old St Paul's Cathedral](/wiki/Old_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral "Old St Paul's Cathedral") (destroyed in the Great Fire). The window and its [stained glass](/wiki/Stained_glass "Stained glass") are original, dating from 1630\. The [baptismal font](/wiki/Baptismal_font "Baptismal font") dates from around 1640\. The vaulted ceiling bears bosses of the arms of 16 of the City's [livery companies](/wiki/Livery_company "Livery company") and of the [City of London](/wiki/City_of_London "City of London") itself. From the east end the bosses are:
* North Aisle – [Mercers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Mercers "Worshipful Company of Mercers"), [Drapers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Drapers "Worshipful Company of Drapers"), [Skinners](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Skinners "Worshipful Company of Skinners"), [Salters](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Salters "Worshipful Company of Salters"), [Dyers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Dyers "Worshipful Company of Dyers") and [Pewterers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Pewterers "Worshipful Company of Pewterers")
* Nave – [The City of London](/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_City_of_London "Coat of arms of the City of London"), [Fishmongers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Fishmongers "Worshipful Company of Fishmongers"), [Merchant Taylors](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Merchant_Taylors "Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors"), [Ironmongers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Ironmongers "Worshipful Company of Ironmongers"), [Clothworkers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Clothworkers "Worshipful Company of Clothworkers") and [Leathersellers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Leathersellers "Worshipful Company of Leathersellers")
* South Aisle – [Grocers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Grocers "Worshipful Company of Grocers"), [Goldsmiths](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Goldsmiths "Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths"), [Haberdashers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Haberdashers "Worshipful Company of Haberdashers"), [Vinters](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Vintners "Worshipful Company of Vintners") and [Brewers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Brewers "Worshipful Company of Brewers")
The present scheme dates mostly from the restoration of 1972\. Tradition says that these Companies used St Katharine Cree for a time after the Great Fire of London of 1666, while their own Guild Churches were being rebuilt.
The church is a [Grade I listed building](/wiki/Listed_building%23Categories_of_listed_building "Listed building#Categories of listed building").{{National Heritage List for England \|num\=1064627 \|desc\=Church of St Katherine Cree \|grade\=I \|access\-date\=21 January 2015}}
By the south wall of St Katharine's is a memorial to [RMS *Lancastria*](/wiki/RMS_Lancastria "RMS Lancastria"), a troopship sunk at sea with huge loss of life during the [Second World War](/wiki/Second_World_War "Second World War") in 1940\. It includes a model of the ship and the ship's bell.{{cite web\|url\=http://themanchesters.org/forum/index.php?topic\=6271\.0;wap2\|title\=HMT Lancastria 17 June 1940 and Operation Aerial\|publisher\=The Manchesters\|access\-date\=19 October 2015}}
St Katharine's has a [ring](/wiki/Change_ringing "Change ringing") of six bells. Lester and Pack of the [Whitechapel Bell Foundry](/wiki/Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry "Whitechapel Bell Foundry") cast five of them including the treble bell in 1754\. Thomas II Mears of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry cast the tenor bell in 1842\. The church clock has a bell, also cast by Lester and Pack in 1754\.{{cite web \|url\= http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString\=London\&numPerPage\=50\&Submit\=Go\&searchAmount\=%3D\&searchMetric\=cwt\&sortBy\=Place\&sortDir\=Asc\&page\=3\&DoveID\=LONDON17LE \|title\=London, Leadenhall Street S Katharine Cree \|last\=Baldwin \|first\=John \|date\=8 April 2010 \|work\=\[\[Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers]] \|publisher\=\[\[Central Council for Church Bell Ringers]] \|access\-date\=21 January 2015}} In the summer of 2007 they were rung for the first time since 1880\. An appeal to raise £60,000 to restore the bells to full ringing order was launched in November 2007, and the project was completed in 2009\.{{cite web \|url\= http://london.lovesguide.com/katharine\_cree.htm \|title\=St Katharine Cree, Leadenhall St \|work\=Love's Guide to the Church Bells of the City of London }} It is the only tower in the City where the bells are rung from a ground\-floor ringing chamber.
Today St Katharine's is a guild church and has no parish, but chose some years ago to dedicate its ministry to the worlds of finance, commerce and industry.
|
[
"History\n-------",
"### Former building",
"The parish served by the church existed by 1108, when it was served by the [Augustinian](/wiki/Augustinians \"Augustinians\") [Holy Trinity Priory, Aldgate](/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Priory%2C_Aldgate \"Holy Trinity Priory, Aldgate\"), also called Christ Church, which was founded by [Maud](/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland \"Matilda of Scotland\"), queen at the time of [King Henry I](/wiki/Henry_I_of_England \"Henry I of England\"). The parishioners used the priory church but this proved unsatisfactory and disruptive to the priory's activities.",
"The [prior](/wiki/Prior_%28ecclesiastical%29 \"Prior (ecclesiastical)\") partly resolved the problem in 1280{{cite book \\|editor1\\-last\\=Hibbert \\|editor1\\-first\\=C \\|editor2\\-last\\=Weinreb \\|editor2\\-first\\=D \\|editor3\\-last\\=Keay \\|editor3\\-first\\=J \\|orig\\-year\\=1983 \\|year\\=2008 \\|title\\=The London Encyclopaedia \\|place\\=London \\|publisher\\=Pan Macmillan \\|isbn\\=978\\-1\\-4050\\-4924\\-5}} by founding St Katharine Cree as a separate church for the parishioners. The site of the present church was originally in the priory's churchyard and it is possible that the church began as a cemetery chapel. It took its name from the priory, \"Cree\" being abstracted from forms like *Crichurch*, which were abbreviations of \"Christ Church\" (H.A. Harben, *A Dictionary of London* (1918\\)). It was initially served by a [canon](/wiki/Canon_%28priest%29 \"Canon (priest)\") appointed by the prior but this did not prove satisfactory either, so, in 1414, the church was established as a parish church in its own right. The present tower was added about 1504\\.",
"Describing the building at the end of the 16th century, [John Stow](/wiki/John_Stow \"John Stow\") wrote:\n{{blockquote\\|this church seemeth to be very old; since the building whereof the high street hath been so often raised by pavements that now men are fain to descend into the said church by divers steps, seven in number.{{cite book \\|title\\=London City Churches \\|url\\=https://archive.org/details/londoncitychurch00dani \\|last\\=Daniell \\|first\\=AE \\|publisher\\=Constable \\|place\\=London \\|year\\=1896 \\|pages\\=\\[https://archive.org/details/londoncitychurch00dani/page/94 94–98]}}}}",
"### Current building",
"[thumb\\|upright\\=1\\.1\\|Inside the [nave](/wiki/Nave \"Nave\") of St Katharine Cree, looking east to the altar](/wiki/File:St_Katharine_Cree_Church_Interior_1%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg \"St Katharine Cree Church Interior 1, London, UK - Diliff.jpg\")\nThe present church was built in 1628–30, retaining the Tudor tower of its predecessor. It is larger than the previous church, incorporating a piece of ground previously occupied by a cloister on the north side, and the floor level is considerably higher. The rebuilt church was consecrated by [William Laud](/wiki/William_Laud \"William Laud\"),\"The City Churches\" Tabor, M. p39:London; The Swarthmore Press Ltd; 1917\\. [Bishop of London](/wiki/Bishop_of_London \"Bishop of London\") on 31 January 1631\\. His vestments and the form of service that he used for the consecration were later held against him in his trial and conviction for [heresy](/wiki/Heresy \"Heresy\"), when [Puritans](/wiki/Puritan \"Puritan\") accused him of having displayed [Catholic](/wiki/Catholic \"Catholic\") sympathies through his \"bowings and cringings\". He is commemorated by a chapel in the church.",
"The church escaped the [Great Fire of London](/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London \"Great Fire of London\") in 1666{{cite book \\|last\\=Pepys \\|first\\=Samuel \\|author\\-link\\=Samuel Pepys \\|editor\\-last\\=Latham \\|editor\\-first\\=R \\|year\\=1985 \\|title\\=The Shorter Pepys \\|place\\=Harmondsworth \\|publisher\\=Penguin Books \\|isbn\\=0\\-14\\-009418\\-0 \\|page\\=484 }} and suffered only minor damage in the [London Blitz](/wiki/London_Blitz \"London Blitz\") of the [Second World War](/wiki/Second_World_War \"Second World War\").{{cite book \\|last\\=Cobb \\|first\\=G \\|year\\=1942 \\|title\\=The Old Churches of London \\|place\\=London \\|publisher\\=Batsford }}{{page needed\\|date\\=January 2015}} However, structural problems required extensive restoration in 1962\\. It is now one of the City's Guild churches.",
"St Katharine Cree is a significant church of the [Jacobean](/wiki/Jacobean_architecture \"Jacobean architecture\") period, a time when few new churches were built. It is the only Jacobean church to have survived in London. The identity of its architect is unknown. It has a high [nave](/wiki/Nave \"Nave\"),{{cite book \\|last\\=Tucker \\|first\\=T \\|year\\=2006 \\|title\\=The Visitors Guide to the City of London Churches \\|place\\=London \\|publisher\\=Friends of the City Churches \\|isbn\\=0\\-9553945\\-0\\-3 }}{{page needed\\|date\\=January 2015}} linked with the narrow [aisles](/wiki/Aisle%23Church_architecture \"Aisle#Church architecture\") by [arcades](/wiki/Arcade_%28architecture%29 \"Arcade (architecture)\") supported on [Corinthian columns](/wiki/Corinthian_order \"Corinthian order\"). The church is {{convert\\|31\\|yd}} long and {{convert\\|17\\|yd}} wide; the height to the ceiling of the nave is {{convert\\|37\\|ft}}.\n[thumb\\|upright\\=1\\.1\\|17th\\-century [rose window](/wiki/Rose_window \"Rose window\")](/wiki/File:St_Katharine_Cree%2C_Leadenhall_Street%2C_London_EC3_-_Rose_window_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1078641.jpg \"St Katharine Cree, Leadenhall Street, London EC3 - Rose window - geograph.org.uk - 1078641.jpg\")\nThe [chancel](/wiki/Chancel \"Chancel\") has a [rose window](/wiki/Rose_window \"Rose window\"), reputedly modelled on the much larger one in [Old St Paul's Cathedral](/wiki/Old_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral \"Old St Paul's Cathedral\") (destroyed in the Great Fire). The window and its [stained glass](/wiki/Stained_glass \"Stained glass\") are original, dating from 1630\\. The [baptismal font](/wiki/Baptismal_font \"Baptismal font\") dates from around 1640\\. The vaulted ceiling bears bosses of the arms of 16 of the City's [livery companies](/wiki/Livery_company \"Livery company\") and of the [City of London](/wiki/City_of_London \"City of London\") itself. From the east end the bosses are:",
"* North Aisle – [Mercers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Mercers \"Worshipful Company of Mercers\"), [Drapers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Drapers \"Worshipful Company of Drapers\"), [Skinners](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Skinners \"Worshipful Company of Skinners\"), [Salters](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Salters \"Worshipful Company of Salters\"), [Dyers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Dyers \"Worshipful Company of Dyers\") and [Pewterers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Pewterers \"Worshipful Company of Pewterers\")\n* Nave – [The City of London](/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_City_of_London \"Coat of arms of the City of London\"), [Fishmongers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Fishmongers \"Worshipful Company of Fishmongers\"), [Merchant Taylors](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Merchant_Taylors \"Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors\"), [Ironmongers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Ironmongers \"Worshipful Company of Ironmongers\"), [Clothworkers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Clothworkers \"Worshipful Company of Clothworkers\") and [Leathersellers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Leathersellers \"Worshipful Company of Leathersellers\")\n* South Aisle – [Grocers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Grocers \"Worshipful Company of Grocers\"), [Goldsmiths](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Goldsmiths \"Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths\"), [Haberdashers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Haberdashers \"Worshipful Company of Haberdashers\"), [Vinters](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Vintners \"Worshipful Company of Vintners\") and [Brewers](/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Brewers \"Worshipful Company of Brewers\")",
"The present scheme dates mostly from the restoration of 1972\\. Tradition says that these Companies used St Katharine Cree for a time after the Great Fire of London of 1666, while their own Guild Churches were being rebuilt.",
"The church is a [Grade I listed building](/wiki/Listed_building%23Categories_of_listed_building \"Listed building#Categories of listed building\").{{National Heritage List for England \\|num\\=1064627 \\|desc\\=Church of St Katherine Cree \\|grade\\=I \\|access\\-date\\=21 January 2015}}",
"By the south wall of St Katharine's is a memorial to [RMS *Lancastria*](/wiki/RMS_Lancastria \"RMS Lancastria\"), a troopship sunk at sea with huge loss of life during the [Second World War](/wiki/Second_World_War \"Second World War\") in 1940\\. It includes a model of the ship and the ship's bell.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://themanchesters.org/forum/index.php?topic\\=6271\\.0;wap2\\|title\\=HMT Lancastria 17 June 1940 and Operation Aerial\\|publisher\\=The Manchesters\\|access\\-date\\=19 October 2015}}",
"St Katharine's has a [ring](/wiki/Change_ringing \"Change ringing\") of six bells. Lester and Pack of the [Whitechapel Bell Foundry](/wiki/Whitechapel_Bell_Foundry \"Whitechapel Bell Foundry\") cast five of them including the treble bell in 1754\\. Thomas II Mears of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry cast the tenor bell in 1842\\. The church clock has a bell, also cast by Lester and Pack in 1754\\.{{cite web \\|url\\= http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString\\=London\\&numPerPage\\=50\\&Submit\\=Go\\&searchAmount\\=%3D\\&searchMetric\\=cwt\\&sortBy\\=Place\\&sortDir\\=Asc\\&page\\=3\\&DoveID\\=LONDON17LE \\|title\\=London, Leadenhall Street S Katharine Cree \\|last\\=Baldwin \\|first\\=John \\|date\\=8 April 2010 \\|work\\=\\[\\[Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers]] \\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Central Council for Church Bell Ringers]] \\|access\\-date\\=21 January 2015}} In the summer of 2007 they were rung for the first time since 1880\\. An appeal to raise £60,000 to restore the bells to full ringing order was launched in November 2007, and the project was completed in 2009\\.{{cite web \\|url\\= http://london.lovesguide.com/katharine\\_cree.htm \\|title\\=St Katharine Cree, Leadenhall St \\|work\\=Love's Guide to the Church Bells of the City of London }} It is the only tower in the City where the bells are rung from a ground\\-floor ringing chamber.",
"Today St Katharine's is a guild church and has no parish, but chose some years ago to dedicate its ministry to the worlds of finance, commerce and industry.",
""
] |
Second round
------------
This round began with the 64 candidates' arrival to [Beirut](/wiki/Beirut "Beirut"), [Lebanon](/wiki/Lebanon "Lebanon"). Before settling down, the beginning of the group challenge was announced to the candidates by host Ahmad Fahmi. In pre\-determined groups of four to six people, these small groups had to each perform a pre\-determined song in front of the jury, immediately after which, performers deemed not good enough to continue were cut from the competition. The songs chosen for this round and the results are as follows.
For the female contestants:
Group 1
Group name: Safar Al\-Angham (Travel of the Melodies)
Song choice: "Galaw habibak Missafer" by [Thekra](/wiki/Thekra "Thekra"){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/سفر\-الأنغام\-\-\-المرحلة\-الثانية\-\-\-تحدي\-الفرق0\.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}}
* Kaoutar Berrani (Morocco) (group leader) – Advanced
* Yasmine Chellah (Morocco) – Advanced
* Iman Foudaib (Morocco) – Advanced
* Sakina Elhagamy (Morocco) – Advanced
* Amani Mubarak (Saudi Arabia) – Advanced
This group comprised four Moroccans and a Saudi. They rendered the late Thekra Mohammed's hit song "Messafer". When their result was announced, judge Ahlam attempted to test the group members' patience by saying that "only one person" had advanced – and that person was "Safar Al\-Angham", in other words, the whole group had advanced successfully. All five group members erupted into spontaneous applause.
Group 2
Song choice: "El Areeb minnak Baeed" by Najat El Saghira {{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/ليندا\-زامل\-\-\-سمر\-الحسيني\-\-\-روان\-عليان\-\-\-هاجر\-أدالحاج\-\-\-المرحلة\-الثانية\-\-\-تحدي\-الفرق.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}}
* Linda Zamil (Palestine) (group leader) – Advanced
* Samar Al Husseini (Egypt) – Advanced
* Rawan Aalyan (Palestine) – Advanced
* Hajar Idelhaj (Morocco) – Eliminated. She could be seen in tears while judge Hassan El Shafei was halfway speaking to her.
Group 3
Song choice: "Samahtak" by [Assala Nasri](/wiki/Assala_Nasri "Assala Nasri"){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/إكرام\-فراج\-\-\-ميساء\-عيناس\-\-\-داليا\-سعيد\-\-\-إسراء\-جمال\-\-\-رلى\-عازر\-\-\-المرحلة\-الثانية\-\-\-تحدي\-الفرق.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}}
* Ikram Farraj (Morocco) (group leader) – Eliminated
* Maysaa Aynas (Morocco) – Eliminated. At one point while she was singing, judge Nancy Ajram was shaking her head in disapproval.
* Dalia Saeed (Egypt) – Advanced
* Israa Gamal (Egypt) – Advanced
* Rula Azar (Palestine) – Advanced
Group 4
Song choice: "Aala Bali" by [Sherine Abdel Wahab](/wiki/Sherine_Abdel_Wahab "Sherine Abdel Wahab"){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/آية\-بغدادي\-\-\-نسرين\-الصافي\-\-\-أمنية\-حسن\-\-\-أمل\-ابراهيم\-\-\-المرحلة\-الثانية\-\-\-تحدي\-الفرق.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}}
* Aya Baghdadi (Algeria) (group leader) – Eliminated
* Nisreen El Safi (Morocco) – Eliminated
* Umniah Hassan (Egypt) – Eliminated
* Amal Ibrahim (Jordan) – Eliminated
This team had a problem with the song that they chose. It turned out that the song, "Aala Bali" by Sherine Abdel Wahab, was not suited for their voices. This had a major impact on their performance and led to the elimination of all the members in this group.
Group 5
Group name: Jazairastin (Algeria and Palestine)
Song choice: "Ahou Dalli Sar" by [Sayyid Darwich](/wiki/Sayyid_Darwich "Sayyid Darwich"){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/فريق\-جزائسطين\-\-\-المرحلة\-الثانية\-\-\-تحدي\-الفرق.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}}
* Nadine Khatib (Palestine) (group leader) – Advanced
* Ghianna Ghantous (Palestine) – Advanced
* Kamelya Wared (Algeria) – Advanced
* Amal Shaheen (Palestine) – Advanced
* Manal Hadly (Algeria) – Advanced
This team was distinguished by not only the voices of the participants, but also the commonalities that brought them together. The participants were of either Palestinian or Algerian nationality, which inspired their group name, Jazairastin – a portmanteau of "Jazair" (Algeria) and "Falastin" (Palestine). Their creative rendition of Fairuz's "Ahou Dalli Sar" ensured survival of all the members of their team to advance to the next round.
For the male contestants:
Group 1
Group name: Altuyur (Bird)
Song choice: "Walla Ya Teir" by [Fadel Shaker](/wiki/Fadel_Shaker "Fadel Shaker"){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/فريق\-الطيور\-\-\-المرحلة\-الثانية\-\-\-تحدي\-الفرق.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}}
* Mohammed Moustafa (Egypt) (group leader) – Advanced
* Mohammed Ben Saleh (Tunisia) – Advanced
* Aamer Sidawi (Lebanon) – Eliminated
* Rabii Zayyoud (Syria) – Advanced
* Shadi Dakwar (Palestine) – Advanced
* Mohammed Said (Egypt) – Advanced
Group 2
Song choice: "Sallamtak Bi Id Allah" by [Kadim Al Sahir](/wiki/Kadim_Al_Sahir "Kadim Al Sahir"){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/مهند\-جاسم\-\-\-حسين\-المصري\-\-\-همام\-عبدالرزاق\-\-\-متى\-سوبو\-\-\-أيمن\-أمين\-\-\-مهند\-الحسين\-\-\-المرحلة\-الثانية\-\-\-تحدي\-الفرق.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}}
* Muhannad Jassem (Iraq) (group leader) – Eliminated
* Hussein Al Masri (Lebanon) – Eliminated
* Matti Sobo (Iraq) – Eliminated
* Ayman Amin (Iraq) – Eliminated
* Humam Ibrahim (Iraq) – Advanced
* Muhannad Hussein (Jordan) – Advanced
Group 3
Song choice: "Zeina Lebset Khelkhalha" by Samir Yazbek{{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/محمد\-الصالح\-\-\-تامر\-ضاهر\-\-\-مهند\-الخطيب\-\-\-أيسر\-الوليد\-\-\-وليد\-بشارة\-\-\-سعيد\-طربيه\-\-\-المرحلة\-الثانية\-\-\-تحدي\-الفرق.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}}
* Mohammed Al Saleh (Algeria) (group leader) – Eliminated
* Tamer Daher (Lebanon) – Advanced
* Muhannad Al Khatib (Jordan) – Advanced
* Asher Alwaleed (Iraq) – Eliminated
* Waleed Bechara (Lebanon) – Advanced
* Saeed Tarabih (Palestine) – Eliminated
Group 4
Group name: Jalsa (Meetup)
Song choice: "Ya Munyati", popular Yemeni song {{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/performance/groups\-challenge/articles/فريق\-جلسة\-\-\-المرحلة\-الثانية\-\-\-تحدي\-الفرق.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}}
* Badr Al Hassan (Bahrain) (group leader) – Advanced
* Abdallah Alkhelifi (Yemen) – Advanced
* Bandar Mougri (Saudi Arabia) – Advanced
* Ammar Mohammed (Yemen) – Advanced
* Fouad Al\-Hitar (Saudi Arabia) – Advanced
This group was composed entirely of Gulf citizens. Their rendition of a popular Yemeni song, completely captivated the jury – so much so that judges Hassan El Shafei and Ahlam gave them a standing ovation at the end. All members of this group qualified for the next stage successfully.
Group 5
Group name: Alkhultat Alsihria (Magic Mix)
Song choice: "Aannabi" by [Karem Mahmoud](/wiki/Karem_Mahmoud "Karem Mahmoud"){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/فريق\-الخلطة\-السحرية\-\-\-المرحلة\-الثانية\-\-\-تحدي\-الفرق.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}}{{cite web\|url\=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v\=KaYPQK8dzbE\|title\=كارم محمود في أغنية " عنابي " اغنيات وذكريات (Karem Mahmoud)\|first\=\|last\=DomtekMusic\|date\=15 September 2015\|publisher\=\|via\=YouTube}}
* Munad Abdo (Sudan) (group leader) – Eliminated
* Omar Hamdy (Egypt) – Eliminated
* Nader Hammouda (Palestine) – Advanced
* Ibrahim Malouhi (Lebanon)\- Eliminated
* Mohammed Alhawari (Jordan) – Eliminated
* Mohammed Fergani (Algeria) – Advanced
This team comprised six members, each from a different Arab country – which inspired their group name Alkhultat Alsihria (Magic Mix). They performed a song "Annabi", but their magic mix unfortunately did not captivate the jury. Out of their six members, only two – Nader Hammouda and Mohammed Fergani – successfully advanced.
Group 6
Group name: Alwahda (Unity)
Song choice: "Khallas Tarak" by [Saber Rebai](/wiki/Saber_Rebai "Saber Rebai"){{cite web\|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/contestants/articles/فريق\-الوحدة\-\-\-المرحلة\-الثانية\-\-\-تحدي\-الفرق.html\|title\=Results\|website\=www.mbc.net}}
* Rabih Rahal (Lebanon) (group leader) – Eliminated
* Hussein Mohammed (Egypt) – Advanced
* Bejan Jaza (Iraq) – Eliminated
* Mohammed Hamza (Iraq) – Eliminated
* Ahmed Aljarrah (Egypt) – Eliminated
* Youssef Hamani (Algeria) – Eliminated
Comprising mostly Iraqis and Egyptians, this group was the most unfortunate of the male groups – largely due to the lack of harmony and chemistry between the group members during the performance of the song. The jury decided to allow only one member of this group, Hussein Mohammed of Egypt, to advance.
Group 7
Group name: Assalam (Peace)
Song choice: "Ya Salat El Zein" by [Sayed Mekawy](/wiki/Sayed_Mekawy "Sayed Mekawy"){{cite web\|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/فريق\-السلام\-\-\-المرحلة\-الثانية\-\-\-تحدي\-الفرق.html\|title\=Results\|website\=www.mbc.net}}
* Ameer Dandan (Palestine) (group leader) – Advanced
* Kefah Rustam (Lebanon) – Advanced
* Yacoub Shaheen (Palestine) – Advanced
* Houssam Al Shoueikhi (Tunisia) – Advanced
* Mahmoud Othman (Syria) – Advanced
* Hamza Essaoui (Morocco) – Advanced
This team's rendition of a Sayed Mekawy piece, brought a rousing end to the group challenge, once again with a standing ovation from the judges, as well as all six members advancing successfully to the next round.
By the end of the group challenge, 40 contestants remained : 16 female contestants out of the original 23, and 24 male contestants out of 41\. These 40 remaining competitors then had to pick one last song, from a list of 14, for their final individual challenge before the Top 24 is picked. This year, however, a maximum of six people could pick the same song, adding to the pressure competitors had to endure, as it was done on a first\-come\-first\-served basis.
The 14 songs in the individual challenge, and the contestants who chose each song, are as follows:
"Ouli Aamalak Eih" by [Mohammed Abdel Wahab](/wiki/Mohammed_Abdel_Wahab "Mohammed Abdel Wahab")
* Israa Gamal (Egypt){{cite web\|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/إسراء\-جمال\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\=Results\|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
* Samar Al Husseini (Egypt){{cite web\|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/سمر\-الحسيني\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\=Results\|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
* Mohammed Moustafa (Egypt){{cite web\|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/محمد\-مصطفى\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\=Results\|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
* Mohammed Said (Egypt){{cite web\|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/محمد\-سعيد\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\=Results\|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
* Nader Hammouda (Palestine){{cite web\|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/نادر\-حموده\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\=Results\|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
"Ya Tira Tiri" by [Sabah Fakhri](/wiki/Sabah_Fakhri "Sabah Fakhri")
* Houssam El Shouekhi (Tunisia){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/حسام\-الشويخي\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced. Judge Wael Kfoury actually joined in the singing at one point.
* Rabii Zayyoud (Syria){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/ربيع\-زيود\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
* Hussein Muhammad (Egypt){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/حسين\-محمد\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
* Mahmoud Othman (Syria){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/محمود\-عثمان\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated. His performance was especially shocking to judge Wael Kfoury.
"El Oyoun El Soud" by [Warda Al Jazairiah](/wiki/Warda_Al_Jazairiah "Warda Al Jazairiah")
* Dalia Saeed (Egypt){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/داليا\-سعيد\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
* Rawan Aalyan (Palestine){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/روان\-عليان\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – initially eliminated, but later Advanced after the jury decided to give her a second chance
* Kaoutar Berrani (Morocco){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/كوثر\-براني\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير0\.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
* Kamelya Wared (Algeria){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/كميليا\-ورد\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
"Laila bterjaa ya layl" by [Fairuz](/wiki/Fairuz "Fairuz")
* Nadine Khatib (Palestine){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/نادين\-خطيب\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
* Yasmine Chellah (Morocco){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/ياسمين\-شلاح\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated
"Eiratni belchib" by [Nazem Al\-Ghazali](/wiki/Nazem_Al-Ghazali "Nazem Al-Ghazali")
* Houmam Ibrahim (Iraq){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/همام\-ابراهيم\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
"Rasayel" by [Mohammed Abdo](/wiki/Mohammed_Abdo "Mohammed Abdo")
* Fouad Al\-Hitar (Saudi Arabia){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/فؤاد\-الهتار\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated. Judge Ahlam appeared shocked by his performance.
* Bandar Mougri (Saudi Arabia) – Advanced
"Ahebbak law takun hader" by [Talal Maddah](/wiki/Talal_Maddah "Talal Maddah")
* Badr Al Hassan (Bahrain){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/بدر\-الحسن\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
* Abdallah Alkhelifi (Yemen){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/عبدالله\-الخليفي\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}}\- Advanced
* Amani Mubarak (Saudi Arabia){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/أماني\-مبارك\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated
* Iman Foudaib (Morocco){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/إيمان\-فوضايب\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated
"Kama al Reisha" by [Abu Bakr Salem](/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Salem_Belfkih "Abu Bakr Salem Belfkih")
* Ammar Mohammed (Yemen){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/عمار\-محمد\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
"Eldayia" by [Sabah](/wiki/Sabah "Sabah")
* Amal Shaheen (Palestine){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/أمل\-شاهين\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated
"Emta Hataraf" by [Asmahan](/wiki/Asmahan "Asmahan")
* Mohammed Fergani (Algeria){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/محمد\-فرقاني\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html \|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated
"Weli Law Yedroun" by [Moeen Charif](/wiki/Moeen_Charif "Moeen Charif")
* Ameer Dandan (Palestine){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/أمير\-دندن\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
* Waleed Bechara (Lebanon){{cite web \|url\= http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/وليد\-بشاره\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html\|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
* Tamer Daher (Lebanon){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/تامر\-ضاهر\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html \|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced
* Rula Azar (Palestine){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/رلى\-عازر\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html \|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated
* Mohammed Ben Saleh (Tunisia) – Advanced
"Ma Dam Tuhibu" by [Umm Kulthum](/wiki/Umm_Kulthum "Umm Kulthum")
* Ghianna Ghantous (Palestine){{cite web \|url\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\-idol\-s4/articles/جيانا\-غنطوس\-\-\-تحدي\-المرور\-الأخير.html \|title\= Results \|website\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated
"Sawah" by [Abdel Halim Hafez](/wiki/Abdel_Halim_Hafez "Abdel Halim Hafez")
* Shadi Dakwar (Palestine) – Advanced
* Muhannad Al Khatib (Jordan) – Eliminated
* Linda Zamil (Palestine) – Eliminated
* Manal Hadli (Algeria) – Eliminated
[Improvisations](/wiki/Mawwal "Mawwal")
* Yacoub Shaheen (Palestine) – Advanced
* Muhannad Hussein (Jordan) – Advanced
* Hamza Essaoui (Morocco) – Eliminated
By the end of the individual challenge, and after the 24 competitors to advance was announced, the jury felt as though the previously eliminated candidate Rawan Aalyan deserved a second chance, and so, she was asked to come back, bringing the total number of semi\-finalists to 25 (7 female and 18 male). These semi\-finalists arise from 12 different Arab countries : 6 from Egypt, 6 from Palestine, 2 from Lebanon, 2 from Tunisia, 2 from Yemen, and 1 of each from Algeria, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Syria. Each semi\-finalist has their own voting number, varying from 1 to 25\.
|
[
"Second round\n------------",
"This round began with the 64 candidates' arrival to [Beirut](/wiki/Beirut \"Beirut\"), [Lebanon](/wiki/Lebanon \"Lebanon\"). Before settling down, the beginning of the group challenge was announced to the candidates by host Ahmad Fahmi. In pre\\-determined groups of four to six people, these small groups had to each perform a pre\\-determined song in front of the jury, immediately after which, performers deemed not good enough to continue were cut from the competition. The songs chosen for this round and the results are as follows.",
"For the female contestants:",
"Group 1\nGroup name: Safar Al\\-Angham (Travel of the Melodies)\nSong choice: \"Galaw habibak Missafer\" by [Thekra](/wiki/Thekra \"Thekra\"){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/سفر\\-الأنغام\\-\\-\\-المرحلة\\-الثانية\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-الفرق0\\.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}}\n* Kaoutar Berrani (Morocco) (group leader) – Advanced\n* Yasmine Chellah (Morocco) – Advanced\n* Iman Foudaib (Morocco) – Advanced\n* Sakina Elhagamy (Morocco) – Advanced\n* Amani Mubarak (Saudi Arabia) – Advanced\nThis group comprised four Moroccans and a Saudi. They rendered the late Thekra Mohammed's hit song \"Messafer\". When their result was announced, judge Ahlam attempted to test the group members' patience by saying that \"only one person\" had advanced – and that person was \"Safar Al\\-Angham\", in other words, the whole group had advanced successfully. All five group members erupted into spontaneous applause.",
"Group 2\nSong choice: \"El Areeb minnak Baeed\" by Najat El Saghira {{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/ليندا\\-زامل\\-\\-\\-سمر\\-الحسيني\\-\\-\\-روان\\-عليان\\-\\-\\-هاجر\\-أدالحاج\\-\\-\\-المرحلة\\-الثانية\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-الفرق.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}}\n* Linda Zamil (Palestine) (group leader) – Advanced\n* Samar Al Husseini (Egypt) – Advanced\n* Rawan Aalyan (Palestine) – Advanced\n* Hajar Idelhaj (Morocco) – Eliminated. She could be seen in tears while judge Hassan El Shafei was halfway speaking to her.",
"Group 3\nSong choice: \"Samahtak\" by [Assala Nasri](/wiki/Assala_Nasri \"Assala Nasri\"){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/إكرام\\-فراج\\-\\-\\-ميساء\\-عيناس\\-\\-\\-داليا\\-سعيد\\-\\-\\-إسراء\\-جمال\\-\\-\\-رلى\\-عازر\\-\\-\\-المرحلة\\-الثانية\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-الفرق.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}}\n* Ikram Farraj (Morocco) (group leader) – Eliminated\n* Maysaa Aynas (Morocco) – Eliminated. At one point while she was singing, judge Nancy Ajram was shaking her head in disapproval.\n* Dalia Saeed (Egypt) – Advanced\n* Israa Gamal (Egypt) – Advanced\n* Rula Azar (Palestine) – Advanced",
"Group 4\nSong choice: \"Aala Bali\" by [Sherine Abdel Wahab](/wiki/Sherine_Abdel_Wahab \"Sherine Abdel Wahab\"){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/آية\\-بغدادي\\-\\-\\-نسرين\\-الصافي\\-\\-\\-أمنية\\-حسن\\-\\-\\-أمل\\-ابراهيم\\-\\-\\-المرحلة\\-الثانية\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-الفرق.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}}\n* Aya Baghdadi (Algeria) (group leader) – Eliminated\n* Nisreen El Safi (Morocco) – Eliminated\n* Umniah Hassan (Egypt) – Eliminated\n* Amal Ibrahim (Jordan) – Eliminated\nThis team had a problem with the song that they chose. It turned out that the song, \"Aala Bali\" by Sherine Abdel Wahab, was not suited for their voices. This had a major impact on their performance and led to the elimination of all the members in this group.",
"Group 5\nGroup name: Jazairastin (Algeria and Palestine)\nSong choice: \"Ahou Dalli Sar\" by [Sayyid Darwich](/wiki/Sayyid_Darwich \"Sayyid Darwich\"){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/فريق\\-جزائسطين\\-\\-\\-المرحلة\\-الثانية\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-الفرق.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}}\n* Nadine Khatib (Palestine) (group leader) – Advanced\n* Ghianna Ghantous (Palestine) – Advanced\n* Kamelya Wared (Algeria) – Advanced\n* Amal Shaheen (Palestine) – Advanced\n* Manal Hadly (Algeria) – Advanced\nThis team was distinguished by not only the voices of the participants, but also the commonalities that brought them together. The participants were of either Palestinian or Algerian nationality, which inspired their group name, Jazairastin – a portmanteau of \"Jazair\" (Algeria) and \"Falastin\" (Palestine). Their creative rendition of Fairuz's \"Ahou Dalli Sar\" ensured survival of all the members of their team to advance to the next round.",
"For the male contestants:",
"Group 1\nGroup name: Altuyur (Bird)\nSong choice: \"Walla Ya Teir\" by [Fadel Shaker](/wiki/Fadel_Shaker \"Fadel Shaker\"){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/فريق\\-الطيور\\-\\-\\-المرحلة\\-الثانية\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-الفرق.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}}\n* Mohammed Moustafa (Egypt) (group leader) – Advanced\n* Mohammed Ben Saleh (Tunisia) – Advanced\n* Aamer Sidawi (Lebanon) – Eliminated\n* Rabii Zayyoud (Syria) – Advanced\n* Shadi Dakwar (Palestine) – Advanced\n* Mohammed Said (Egypt) – Advanced",
"Group 2\nSong choice: \"Sallamtak Bi Id Allah\" by [Kadim Al Sahir](/wiki/Kadim_Al_Sahir \"Kadim Al Sahir\"){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/مهند\\-جاسم\\-\\-\\-حسين\\-المصري\\-\\-\\-همام\\-عبدالرزاق\\-\\-\\-متى\\-سوبو\\-\\-\\-أيمن\\-أمين\\-\\-\\-مهند\\-الحسين\\-\\-\\-المرحلة\\-الثانية\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-الفرق.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}}\n* Muhannad Jassem (Iraq) (group leader) – Eliminated\n* Hussein Al Masri (Lebanon) – Eliminated\n* Matti Sobo (Iraq) – Eliminated\n* Ayman Amin (Iraq) – Eliminated\n* Humam Ibrahim (Iraq) – Advanced\n* Muhannad Hussein (Jordan) – Advanced",
"Group 3\nSong choice: \"Zeina Lebset Khelkhalha\" by Samir Yazbek{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/محمد\\-الصالح\\-\\-\\-تامر\\-ضاهر\\-\\-\\-مهند\\-الخطيب\\-\\-\\-أيسر\\-الوليد\\-\\-\\-وليد\\-بشارة\\-\\-\\-سعيد\\-طربيه\\-\\-\\-المرحلة\\-الثانية\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-الفرق.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}}\n* Mohammed Al Saleh (Algeria) (group leader) – Eliminated\n* Tamer Daher (Lebanon) – Advanced\n* Muhannad Al Khatib (Jordan) – Advanced\n* Asher Alwaleed (Iraq) – Eliminated\n* Waleed Bechara (Lebanon) – Advanced\n* Saeed Tarabih (Palestine) – Eliminated",
"Group 4\nGroup name: Jalsa (Meetup)\nSong choice: \"Ya Munyati\", popular Yemeni song {{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/performance/groups\\-challenge/articles/فريق\\-جلسة\\-\\-\\-المرحلة\\-الثانية\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-الفرق.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}}\n* Badr Al Hassan (Bahrain) (group leader) – Advanced\n* Abdallah Alkhelifi (Yemen) – Advanced\n* Bandar Mougri (Saudi Arabia) – Advanced\n* Ammar Mohammed (Yemen) – Advanced\n* Fouad Al\\-Hitar (Saudi Arabia) – Advanced\nThis group was composed entirely of Gulf citizens. Their rendition of a popular Yemeni song, completely captivated the jury – so much so that judges Hassan El Shafei and Ahlam gave them a standing ovation at the end. All members of this group qualified for the next stage successfully.",
"Group 5\nGroup name: Alkhultat Alsihria (Magic Mix)\nSong choice: \"Aannabi\" by [Karem Mahmoud](/wiki/Karem_Mahmoud \"Karem Mahmoud\"){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/فريق\\-الخلطة\\-السحرية\\-\\-\\-المرحلة\\-الثانية\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-الفرق.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}}{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v\\=KaYPQK8dzbE\\|title\\=كارم محمود في أغنية \" عنابي \" اغنيات وذكريات (Karem Mahmoud)\\|first\\=\\|last\\=DomtekMusic\\|date\\=15 September 2015\\|publisher\\=\\|via\\=YouTube}}\n* Munad Abdo (Sudan) (group leader) – Eliminated\n* Omar Hamdy (Egypt) – Eliminated\n* Nader Hammouda (Palestine) – Advanced\n* Ibrahim Malouhi (Lebanon)\\- Eliminated\n* Mohammed Alhawari (Jordan) – Eliminated\n* Mohammed Fergani (Algeria) – Advanced\nThis team comprised six members, each from a different Arab country – which inspired their group name Alkhultat Alsihria (Magic Mix). They performed a song \"Annabi\", but their magic mix unfortunately did not captivate the jury. Out of their six members, only two – Nader Hammouda and Mohammed Fergani – successfully advanced.",
"Group 6\nGroup name: Alwahda (Unity)\nSong choice: \"Khallas Tarak\" by [Saber Rebai](/wiki/Saber_Rebai \"Saber Rebai\"){{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/contestants/articles/فريق\\-الوحدة\\-\\-\\-المرحلة\\-الثانية\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-الفرق.html\\|title\\=Results\\|website\\=www.mbc.net}}\n* Rabih Rahal (Lebanon) (group leader) – Eliminated\n* Hussein Mohammed (Egypt) – Advanced\n* Bejan Jaza (Iraq) – Eliminated\n* Mohammed Hamza (Iraq) – Eliminated\n* Ahmed Aljarrah (Egypt) – Eliminated\n* Youssef Hamani (Algeria) – Eliminated\nComprising mostly Iraqis and Egyptians, this group was the most unfortunate of the male groups – largely due to the lack of harmony and chemistry between the group members during the performance of the song. The jury decided to allow only one member of this group, Hussein Mohammed of Egypt, to advance.",
"Group 7\nGroup name: Assalam (Peace)\nSong choice: \"Ya Salat El Zein\" by [Sayed Mekawy](/wiki/Sayed_Mekawy \"Sayed Mekawy\"){{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/فريق\\-السلام\\-\\-\\-المرحلة\\-الثانية\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-الفرق.html\\|title\\=Results\\|website\\=www.mbc.net}}\n* Ameer Dandan (Palestine) (group leader) – Advanced\n* Kefah Rustam (Lebanon) – Advanced\n* Yacoub Shaheen (Palestine) – Advanced\n* Houssam Al Shoueikhi (Tunisia) – Advanced\n* Mahmoud Othman (Syria) – Advanced\n* Hamza Essaoui (Morocco) – Advanced\nThis team's rendition of a Sayed Mekawy piece, brought a rousing end to the group challenge, once again with a standing ovation from the judges, as well as all six members advancing successfully to the next round.",
"By the end of the group challenge, 40 contestants remained : 16 female contestants out of the original 23, and 24 male contestants out of 41\\. These 40 remaining competitors then had to pick one last song, from a list of 14, for their final individual challenge before the Top 24 is picked. This year, however, a maximum of six people could pick the same song, adding to the pressure competitors had to endure, as it was done on a first\\-come\\-first\\-served basis.",
"The 14 songs in the individual challenge, and the contestants who chose each song, are as follows:",
"\"Ouli Aamalak Eih\" by [Mohammed Abdel Wahab](/wiki/Mohammed_Abdel_Wahab \"Mohammed Abdel Wahab\")\n* Israa Gamal (Egypt){{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/إسراء\\-جمال\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\=Results\\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced\n* Samar Al Husseini (Egypt){{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/سمر\\-الحسيني\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\=Results\\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced\n* Mohammed Moustafa (Egypt){{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/محمد\\-مصطفى\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\=Results\\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced\n* Mohammed Said (Egypt){{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/محمد\\-سعيد\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\=Results\\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced\n* Nader Hammouda (Palestine){{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/نادر\\-حموده\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\=Results\\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced",
"\"Ya Tira Tiri\" by [Sabah Fakhri](/wiki/Sabah_Fakhri \"Sabah Fakhri\")\n* Houssam El Shouekhi (Tunisia){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/حسام\\-الشويخي\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced. Judge Wael Kfoury actually joined in the singing at one point.\n* Rabii Zayyoud (Syria){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/ربيع\\-زيود\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced\n* Hussein Muhammad (Egypt){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/حسين\\-محمد\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced\n* Mahmoud Othman (Syria){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/محمود\\-عثمان\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated. His performance was especially shocking to judge Wael Kfoury.",
"\"El Oyoun El Soud\" by [Warda Al Jazairiah](/wiki/Warda_Al_Jazairiah \"Warda Al Jazairiah\")\n* Dalia Saeed (Egypt){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/داليا\\-سعيد\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced\n* Rawan Aalyan (Palestine){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/روان\\-عليان\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – initially eliminated, but later Advanced after the jury decided to give her a second chance\n* Kaoutar Berrani (Morocco){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/كوثر\\-براني\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير0\\.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced\n* Kamelya Wared (Algeria){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/كميليا\\-ورد\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced",
"\"Laila bterjaa ya layl\" by [Fairuz](/wiki/Fairuz \"Fairuz\")\n* Nadine Khatib (Palestine){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/نادين\\-خطيب\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced\n* Yasmine Chellah (Morocco){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/ياسمين\\-شلاح\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated",
"\"Eiratni belchib\" by [Nazem Al\\-Ghazali](/wiki/Nazem_Al-Ghazali \"Nazem Al-Ghazali\")\n* Houmam Ibrahim (Iraq){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/همام\\-ابراهيم\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced",
"\"Rasayel\" by [Mohammed Abdo](/wiki/Mohammed_Abdo \"Mohammed Abdo\")\n* Fouad Al\\-Hitar (Saudi Arabia){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/فؤاد\\-الهتار\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated. Judge Ahlam appeared shocked by his performance.\n* Bandar Mougri (Saudi Arabia) – Advanced",
"\"Ahebbak law takun hader\" by [Talal Maddah](/wiki/Talal_Maddah \"Talal Maddah\")\n* Badr Al Hassan (Bahrain){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/بدر\\-الحسن\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced\n* Abdallah Alkhelifi (Yemen){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/عبدالله\\-الخليفي\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}}\\- Advanced\n* Amani Mubarak (Saudi Arabia){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/أماني\\-مبارك\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated\n* Iman Foudaib (Morocco){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/إيمان\\-فوضايب\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated",
"\"Kama al Reisha\" by [Abu Bakr Salem](/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Salem_Belfkih \"Abu Bakr Salem Belfkih\")\n* Ammar Mohammed (Yemen){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/عمار\\-محمد\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced",
"\"Eldayia\" by [Sabah](/wiki/Sabah \"Sabah\")\n* Amal Shaheen (Palestine){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/أمل\\-شاهين\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated",
"\"Emta Hataraf\" by [Asmahan](/wiki/Asmahan \"Asmahan\")\n* Mohammed Fergani (Algeria){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/محمد\\-فرقاني\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html \\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated",
"\"Weli Law Yedroun\" by [Moeen Charif](/wiki/Moeen_Charif \"Moeen Charif\")\n* Ameer Dandan (Palestine){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/أمير\\-دندن\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced\n* Waleed Bechara (Lebanon){{cite web \\|url\\= http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/وليد\\-بشاره\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html\\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced\n* Tamer Daher (Lebanon){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/تامر\\-ضاهر\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html \\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Advanced\n* Rula Azar (Palestine){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/رلى\\-عازر\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html \\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated\n* Mohammed Ben Saleh (Tunisia) – Advanced",
"\"Ma Dam Tuhibu\" by [Umm Kulthum](/wiki/Umm_Kulthum \"Umm Kulthum\")\n* Ghianna Ghantous (Palestine){{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/arab\\-idol\\-s4/articles/جيانا\\-غنطوس\\-\\-\\-تحدي\\-المرور\\-الأخير.html \\|title\\= Results \\|website\\=www.mbc.net}} – Eliminated",
"\"Sawah\" by [Abdel Halim Hafez](/wiki/Abdel_Halim_Hafez \"Abdel Halim Hafez\")\n* Shadi Dakwar (Palestine) – Advanced\n* Muhannad Al Khatib (Jordan) – Eliminated\n* Linda Zamil (Palestine) – Eliminated\n* Manal Hadli (Algeria) – Eliminated",
"[Improvisations](/wiki/Mawwal \"Mawwal\")\n* Yacoub Shaheen (Palestine) – Advanced\n* Muhannad Hussein (Jordan) – Advanced\n* Hamza Essaoui (Morocco) – Eliminated",
"By the end of the individual challenge, and after the 24 competitors to advance was announced, the jury felt as though the previously eliminated candidate Rawan Aalyan deserved a second chance, and so, she was asked to come back, bringing the total number of semi\\-finalists to 25 (7 female and 18 male). These semi\\-finalists arise from 12 different Arab countries : 6 from Egypt, 6 from Palestine, 2 from Lebanon, 2 from Tunisia, 2 from Yemen, and 1 of each from Algeria, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Syria. Each semi\\-finalist has their own voting number, varying from 1 to 25\\.",
""
] |
Synopsis
--------
**Act One**
*A village by the sea*
A small boat has been driven ashore in a storm, and inhabitants of the fishing village help the four passengers to safety.
The Baroness Irene, the local landowner, her maid Lisetta, Marquis Ernesto (who is hoping to marry the Baroness), and a wealthy fop, Villotto are offered shelter in the cottage of Masino, head fisherman, and his sister Rosina.
The Baroness has heard rumours of an unsuitable entanglement between Rosina and her headstrong nephew Errico. To prevent this alliance she has decided that Rosina must be married off immediately to the foolish Villotto. She explains to Rosina the advantages of such a rich marriage. Rosina’s embarrassment and reluctance are taken by the Baroness to be just modesty, but Rosina is actually already secretly married to the Count who abandoned her, and by whom she has a young son.
Villotto is delighted by the idea of marrying Rosina but her brother Masino tries to convince him that he has no chance of winning her.
Count Errico arrives and threatens to shoot Villotto unless he abandons Rosina. Masino is then threatened by Ernesto; the Baroness has said that she will not marry him until her nephew is married, so it is in his interest for Rosina to accept Villotto immediately.
Villotto, after Errico’s threats, becomes more reluctant, much to the Baroness’s disgust. Lisetta adds to Masino’s confusion by declaring her love for him, and Errico decides to test Rosina’s constancy.
He speaks to her scornfully and offers her to Villotto, who has decided to escape from his predicament by seeking fortune in war. The Count advises him that love and war require similar boldness.
Rosina tells Lisetta of her misfortune, that five years ago, she met and married the Count. Villotto, inspired by the Count’s warlike talk resumes his attentions toward Rosina. Rosina appeals to the Baroness for death rather than a forced marriage with Villotto, Masino adds his voice, but the Baroness silences them both. A quarrel between Villotto and Masino is averted by Lisetta, who warns them that the Count and Ernesto are on their way. When Rosina begs for death, the Count embraces her; surprised by the Baroness the Count is shown a portrait of the woman she wishes him to marry. When he admires it Rosina fears that she has lost his love.
**Act 2**
*Scene 1 The Baroness’s castle*
Masino and Villotto are both bewildered by the circumstances. Ernesto pleads with Rosina to accept Villotto, explaining that he will then be able to marry the Baroness. This is overheard and misunderstood by the Baroness and the Count, who turn on Rosina. Villotto and Lisetta also reject her, and Rosina declares that death would be welcome for her were it not for her son, and she decides to flee.
The Count infuriated by her apparent infidelity commands Villotto to pursue and kill her and her brother.
Lisetta understands everyone’s mistake over what Ernesto said to Rosina, and comes to the Count saying that Rosina is indeed faithful to him and loves him. The Count, delirious and horrified at the thought of the murderous orders he has given Villotto, imagines himself to be Orpheus in search of his wife, rushes off to find her.
*Scene 2 Rosina’s cottage and a partly ruined tower.*
In despair, Rosina hides in the tower with her young son. Masino, exhausted from searching for her falls asleep.
Villotto finds him, draws his sword but is stopped from killing him by Lisetta, who then meets the Baroness and Ernesto. She tries to explain Rosina’s innocence but they fail to understand and go in search of Rosina. The Count enters, sees a crying child (his own son) and the boy leads him to Rosina. The Count repents and as the couple embrace they are found by all the other characters, and defy the rage of the Baroness and Ernesto.
**Act 3**
To separate Rosina and the Count, the Baroness has sent each a forged letter (supposedly written by the other) breaking off the relationship. Although at first angry each soon sees through the deception and swear love to each other. The Count acknowledges his wife and son to the Baroness and Ernesto and Rosina asks for forgiveness from the Baroness, who accepts defeat and promises to marry Ernesto. All sing praise to constancy and virtue.
|
[
"Synopsis\n--------",
"**Act One**",
"*A village by the sea*",
"A small boat has been driven ashore in a storm, and inhabitants of the fishing village help the four passengers to safety.\nThe Baroness Irene, the local landowner, her maid Lisetta, Marquis Ernesto (who is hoping to marry the Baroness), and a wealthy fop, Villotto are offered shelter in the cottage of Masino, head fisherman, and his sister Rosina.",
"The Baroness has heard rumours of an unsuitable entanglement between Rosina and her headstrong nephew Errico. To prevent this alliance she has decided that Rosina must be married off immediately to the foolish Villotto. She explains to Rosina the advantages of such a rich marriage. Rosina’s embarrassment and reluctance are taken by the Baroness to be just modesty, but Rosina is actually already secretly married to the Count who abandoned her, and by whom she has a young son.\nVillotto is delighted by the idea of marrying Rosina but her brother Masino tries to convince him that he has no chance of winning her.",
"Count Errico arrives and threatens to shoot Villotto unless he abandons Rosina. Masino is then threatened by Ernesto; the Baroness has said that she will not marry him until her nephew is married, so it is in his interest for Rosina to accept Villotto immediately.",
"Villotto, after Errico’s threats, becomes more reluctant, much to the Baroness’s disgust. Lisetta adds to Masino’s confusion by declaring her love for him, and Errico decides to test Rosina’s constancy.\nHe speaks to her scornfully and offers her to Villotto, who has decided to escape from his predicament by seeking fortune in war. The Count advises him that love and war require similar boldness.\nRosina tells Lisetta of her misfortune, that five years ago, she met and married the Count. Villotto, inspired by the Count’s warlike talk resumes his attentions toward Rosina. Rosina appeals to the Baroness for death rather than a forced marriage with Villotto, Masino adds his voice, but the Baroness silences them both. A quarrel between Villotto and Masino is averted by Lisetta, who warns them that the Count and Ernesto are on their way. When Rosina begs for death, the Count embraces her; surprised by the Baroness the Count is shown a portrait of the woman she wishes him to marry. When he admires it Rosina fears that she has lost his love.",
"**Act 2**",
"*Scene 1 The Baroness’s castle*",
"Masino and Villotto are both bewildered by the circumstances. Ernesto pleads with Rosina to accept Villotto, explaining that he will then be able to marry the Baroness. This is overheard and misunderstood by the Baroness and the Count, who turn on Rosina. Villotto and Lisetta also reject her, and Rosina declares that death would be welcome for her were it not for her son, and she decides to flee. \nThe Count infuriated by her apparent infidelity commands Villotto to pursue and kill her and her brother.\nLisetta understands everyone’s mistake over what Ernesto said to Rosina, and comes to the Count saying that Rosina is indeed faithful to him and loves him. The Count, delirious and horrified at the thought of the murderous orders he has given Villotto, imagines himself to be Orpheus in search of his wife, rushes off to find her.",
"*Scene 2 Rosina’s cottage and a partly ruined tower.*",
"In despair, Rosina hides in the tower with her young son. Masino, exhausted from searching for her falls asleep.\nVillotto finds him, draws his sword but is stopped from killing him by Lisetta, who then meets the Baroness and Ernesto. She tries to explain Rosina’s innocence but they fail to understand and go in search of Rosina. The Count enters, sees a crying child (his own son) and the boy leads him to Rosina. The Count repents and as the couple embrace they are found by all the other characters, and defy the rage of the Baroness and Ernesto.",
"**Act 3**",
"To separate Rosina and the Count, the Baroness has sent each a forged letter (supposedly written by the other) breaking off the relationship. Although at first angry each soon sees through the deception and swear love to each other. The Count acknowledges his wife and son to the Baroness and Ernesto and Rosina asks for forgiveness from the Baroness, who accepts defeat and promises to marry Ernesto. All sing praise to constancy and virtue.",
""
] |
Peganism
--------
Hyman endorsed a [low\-carbohydrate](/wiki/Low-carbohydrate_diet "Low-carbohydrate diet") high\-fat diet in his books *Eat Fat Get Thin* and *The Eat Fat, Get Thin Cookbook*, published in 2016\. In these books, Hyman disputes commonly held ideas about consuming dietary fat.O'Connor, Anahad. (2016\). ["Making a Case for Eating Fat"](https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/03/04/making-the-case-for-eating-fat/). *The New York Times*. Retrieved 8 November 2020\. He says that [saturated fat](/wiki/Saturated_fat "Saturated fat") does not cause heart disease and obesity; processed carbohydrates do.["The Eat Fat, Get Thin Cookbook: More than 175 Delicious Recipes for Sustained Weight Loss and Vibrant Health"](https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-316-31750-4). *Publishers Weekly*. Retrieved 8 November 2020\.Owen, Jordan. (2016\). ["Dr. Mark Hyman's New cookbook advises we can 'Eat Fat, Get Thin'"](https://archive.today/20201109205321/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2016/11/14/18335262/dr-mark-hyman-s-new-cookbook-advises-we-can-eat-fat-get-thin). *Chicago Sun Times*. Retrieved 8 November 2020\. Hyman recommends his readers transition to a pegan diet.
Hyman promoted the pegan diet, a [plant\-rich diet](/wiki/Plant-rich_diet "Plant-rich diet") that combines principles of the [paleo](/wiki/Paleolithic_diet "Paleolithic diet") and [vegan](/wiki/Veganism "Veganism") diets.Dennett, Carrie. (February 4, 2019\). ["Paleo and veganism have given birth to peganism. But is this new diet any good for you?"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/paleo-and-veganism-have-given-birth-to-peganism-but-is-this-new-diet-any-good-for-you/2019/02/01/fd023a4a-2331-11e9-81fd-b7b05d5bed90_story.html). Washington Post. Retrieved 10 November 2020\.Rear, Jack. (2019\). ["Introducing the 'pegan diet' – like veganism, with added meat"](https://archive.today/20201108210833/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health-fitness/nutrition/introducing-pegan-diet-like-veganism-added-meat/). *The Telegraph*. Retrieved 8 November 2020\. The pegan diet is [gluten\-free](/wiki/Gluten-free_diet "Gluten-free diet") and encourages consumption of nonstarchy vegetables with [grass\-fed](/wiki/Grass-fed "Grass-fed") organic meats and [low\-mercury](/wiki/Mercury_in_fish "Mercury in fish") fish. The diet consists of 75% plant foods and limits fruits to low\-glycemic berries. The pegan diet opposes [refined sugar](/wiki/Refined_sugar "Refined sugar") and foods that can spike insulin production. The diet also opposes cow's [milk](/wiki/Milk "Milk") but is not dairy free. Hyman allows the occasional organic [goat](/wiki/Goat_milk "Goat milk") or [sheep](/wiki/Sheep_milk "Sheep milk") milk, yogurt, kefir, grass\-fed butter, ghee or cheese. Hyman has stated that the pegan diet can be defined by one simple rule: "If God made it, eat it; if man made it, leave it."
Hyman first wrote about the pegan diet in 2014 and outlined it in his book *Food: What the Heck Should I Eat?*, published in 2018\.["Why I am a Pegan – or Paleo\-Vegan – and Why You Should Be Too!"](https://drhyman.com/blog/2014/11/07/pegan-paleo-vegan/). Drhyman.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\.["The 13 Pillars of the Pegan Diet"](https://experiencelife.com/article/mark-hyman-peganism/). Experiencelife.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\.
### Reception
Peganism has been termed by some dietitians as a [fad diet](/wiki/Fad_diet "Fad diet").["Here’s the latest diet fad called 'peganism'"](https://archive.today/20201108223833/https://www.health24.com/Diet-and-nutrition/News/heres-the-latest-diet-fad-called-peganism-20190208). Health24\.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\. The diet's emphasis on vegetables and omega\-3 fats is in accord to mainstream nutrition advice but has been criticized for limiting the consumption of [beans](/wiki/Bean "Bean") and [whole grains](/wiki/Whole_grain "Whole grain"), which are associated with multiple health benefits such as reducing cardiovascular disease and cancer risk and supporting weight management.["For Your Information: Understanding the Pegan Diet By Judith C. Thalheimer, RD, LDN Today's Dietitian Vol. 17 No. 10 P. 20"](https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/1015p20.shtml). Todaysdietitian.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\. The pegan diet is restrictive and may cause magnesium, iron or calcium deficiency. Dietitian Abbey Sharp has commented that it "would be shocking to me if anyone was able to maintain this diet in the long run without incurring serious psychological damage".["The Pegan Diet (Paleo Vegan) \| A Dietitian’s Guide to Risks vs Benefits"](https://www.abbeyskitchen.com/the-pegan-diet-paleo-vegan/). Abbeyskitchen.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\.
A review in *[Publishers Weekly](/wiki/Publishers_Weekly "Publishers Weekly")* commented that "*Pegan* is a silly, paradoxical misnomer: no diet can be simultaneously paleo (meat, fats, and few vegetables/fruit) and vegan (with no animal products whatsoever). However, the diet’s recommendations are basically sound: fresh, locally sourced, preferably organic food; nothing refined or processed; and a focus on not raising blood sugar."["Food: What the Heck Should I Eat? The No\-nonsense Guide to Achieving Optimal Weight and Lifelong Health"](https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-316-33886-8). *Publishers Weekly*. Retrieved 8 November 2020\.
Dietitian Carrie Dennett has written that "while the pegan diet is more moderate \- and potentially easier to follow \- than either of its dietary parents, it does restrict many nutritious foods for reasons that aren't quite supported by science." A downside to the diet is that it can be costly for those with low incomes who cannot afford the expensive "grass\-fed" and "pasture\-raised" [animal source foods](/wiki/Animal_source_foods "Animal source foods") that Hyman recommends. Aisling Pigott, a dietitian and spokesperson for the [British Dietetic Association](/wiki/British_Dietetic_Association "British Dietetic Association"), has suggested that the pegan diet is too restrictive to maintain and although some of its principles such as eating more plant\-based foods and fewer [processed foods](/wiki/Convenience_food "Convenience food") are recommended for good health, "labeling this as a 'diet' is unethical and potentially dangerous and difficult to follow."Muzaffar, Maroosha. (2019\). ["New Millennial Diet: Vegan \+ Palo \= Peganism"](https://www.ozy.com/the-new-and-the-next/new-millennial-diet-vegan-paleo-peganism/92943/). Ozy.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\.
Dietitian Alyssa Pike has disputed Hyman's claim that gluten should be avoided by people without a [gluten allergy or intolerance](/wiki/Gluten-related_disorders "Gluten-related disorders") and concluded that "the concept of this diet, combined with its number of restrictive rules, will likely make it hard to follow long\-term and add to confusion about what to eat and why."["What is the Pegan Diet?"](https://foodinsight.org/what-is-the-pegan-diet-vegan-paleo-mashup/). Foodinsight.org. Retrieved 8 November 2020\.
Oncologist [Adil Akhtar](/wiki/Adil_Akhtar "Adil Akhtar") has commented that "the pegan diet has taken good things from the vegan diet and attached it to some of the good things from the paleo diet. Both of them emphasize eating whole, natural foods, and avoiding eating anything processed or anything artificial. If you look at the pegan diet, it's about 75% vegan. The only difference is the source of protein in the vegan diet. Vegans get protein from beans and legumes. On the pegan diet, you're allowed to tap into grass\-fed, healthy animal meat".{{cite news \|last1\=Howley \|first1\=Elaine K. \|title\=What is the Pegan Diet? \|url\=https://health.usnews.com/wellness/food/articles/what\-is\-the\-pegan\-diet \|work\=\[\[U.S. News \& World Report]] \|date\=July 3, 2019}} Akhtar has noted that the pegan diet "looks quite close to the [Mediterranean diet](/wiki/Mediterranean_diet "Mediterranean diet")" and may be helpful to those who want to reduce their risk of developing cancer.
|
[
"Peganism\n--------",
"Hyman endorsed a [low\\-carbohydrate](/wiki/Low-carbohydrate_diet \"Low-carbohydrate diet\") high\\-fat diet in his books *Eat Fat Get Thin* and *The Eat Fat, Get Thin Cookbook*, published in 2016\\. In these books, Hyman disputes commonly held ideas about consuming dietary fat.O'Connor, Anahad. (2016\\). [\"Making a Case for Eating Fat\"](https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/03/04/making-the-case-for-eating-fat/). *The New York Times*. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\. He says that [saturated fat](/wiki/Saturated_fat \"Saturated fat\") does not cause heart disease and obesity; processed carbohydrates do.[\"The Eat Fat, Get Thin Cookbook: More than 175 Delicious Recipes for Sustained Weight Loss and Vibrant Health\"](https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-316-31750-4). *Publishers Weekly*. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\.Owen, Jordan. (2016\\). [\"Dr. Mark Hyman's New cookbook advises we can 'Eat Fat, Get Thin'\"](https://archive.today/20201109205321/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2016/11/14/18335262/dr-mark-hyman-s-new-cookbook-advises-we-can-eat-fat-get-thin). *Chicago Sun Times*. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\. Hyman recommends his readers transition to a pegan diet.",
"Hyman promoted the pegan diet, a [plant\\-rich diet](/wiki/Plant-rich_diet \"Plant-rich diet\") that combines principles of the [paleo](/wiki/Paleolithic_diet \"Paleolithic diet\") and [vegan](/wiki/Veganism \"Veganism\") diets.Dennett, Carrie. (February 4, 2019\\). [\"Paleo and veganism have given birth to peganism. But is this new diet any good for you?\"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/paleo-and-veganism-have-given-birth-to-peganism-but-is-this-new-diet-any-good-for-you/2019/02/01/fd023a4a-2331-11e9-81fd-b7b05d5bed90_story.html). Washington Post. Retrieved 10 November 2020\\.Rear, Jack. (2019\\). [\"Introducing the 'pegan diet' – like veganism, with added meat\"](https://archive.today/20201108210833/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health-fitness/nutrition/introducing-pegan-diet-like-veganism-added-meat/). *The Telegraph*. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\. The pegan diet is [gluten\\-free](/wiki/Gluten-free_diet \"Gluten-free diet\") and encourages consumption of nonstarchy vegetables with [grass\\-fed](/wiki/Grass-fed \"Grass-fed\") organic meats and [low\\-mercury](/wiki/Mercury_in_fish \"Mercury in fish\") fish. The diet consists of 75% plant foods and limits fruits to low\\-glycemic berries. The pegan diet opposes [refined sugar](/wiki/Refined_sugar \"Refined sugar\") and foods that can spike insulin production. The diet also opposes cow's [milk](/wiki/Milk \"Milk\") but is not dairy free. Hyman allows the occasional organic [goat](/wiki/Goat_milk \"Goat milk\") or [sheep](/wiki/Sheep_milk \"Sheep milk\") milk, yogurt, kefir, grass\\-fed butter, ghee or cheese. Hyman has stated that the pegan diet can be defined by one simple rule: \"If God made it, eat it; if man made it, leave it.\"",
"Hyman first wrote about the pegan diet in 2014 and outlined it in his book *Food: What the Heck Should I Eat?*, published in 2018\\.[\"Why I am a Pegan – or Paleo\\-Vegan – and Why You Should Be Too!\"](https://drhyman.com/blog/2014/11/07/pegan-paleo-vegan/). Drhyman.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\.[\"The 13 Pillars of the Pegan Diet\"](https://experiencelife.com/article/mark-hyman-peganism/). Experiencelife.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\.",
"### Reception",
"Peganism has been termed by some dietitians as a [fad diet](/wiki/Fad_diet \"Fad diet\").[\"Here’s the latest diet fad called 'peganism'\"](https://archive.today/20201108223833/https://www.health24.com/Diet-and-nutrition/News/heres-the-latest-diet-fad-called-peganism-20190208). Health24\\.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\. The diet's emphasis on vegetables and omega\\-3 fats is in accord to mainstream nutrition advice but has been criticized for limiting the consumption of [beans](/wiki/Bean \"Bean\") and [whole grains](/wiki/Whole_grain \"Whole grain\"), which are associated with multiple health benefits such as reducing cardiovascular disease and cancer risk and supporting weight management.[\"For Your Information: Understanding the Pegan Diet By Judith C. Thalheimer, RD, LDN Today's Dietitian Vol. 17 No. 10 P. 20\"](https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/1015p20.shtml). Todaysdietitian.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\. The pegan diet is restrictive and may cause magnesium, iron or calcium deficiency. Dietitian Abbey Sharp has commented that it \"would be shocking to me if anyone was able to maintain this diet in the long run without incurring serious psychological damage\".[\"The Pegan Diet (Paleo Vegan) \\| A Dietitian’s Guide to Risks vs Benefits\"](https://www.abbeyskitchen.com/the-pegan-diet-paleo-vegan/). Abbeyskitchen.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\.",
"A review in *[Publishers Weekly](/wiki/Publishers_Weekly \"Publishers Weekly\")* commented that \"*Pegan* is a silly, paradoxical misnomer: no diet can be simultaneously paleo (meat, fats, and few vegetables/fruit) and vegan (with no animal products whatsoever). However, the diet’s recommendations are basically sound: fresh, locally sourced, preferably organic food; nothing refined or processed; and a focus on not raising blood sugar.\"[\"Food: What the Heck Should I Eat? The No\\-nonsense Guide to Achieving Optimal Weight and Lifelong Health\"](https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-316-33886-8). *Publishers Weekly*. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\.",
"Dietitian Carrie Dennett has written that \"while the pegan diet is more moderate \\- and potentially easier to follow \\- than either of its dietary parents, it does restrict many nutritious foods for reasons that aren't quite supported by science.\" A downside to the diet is that it can be costly for those with low incomes who cannot afford the expensive \"grass\\-fed\" and \"pasture\\-raised\" [animal source foods](/wiki/Animal_source_foods \"Animal source foods\") that Hyman recommends. Aisling Pigott, a dietitian and spokesperson for the [British Dietetic Association](/wiki/British_Dietetic_Association \"British Dietetic Association\"), has suggested that the pegan diet is too restrictive to maintain and although some of its principles such as eating more plant\\-based foods and fewer [processed foods](/wiki/Convenience_food \"Convenience food\") are recommended for good health, \"labeling this as a 'diet' is unethical and potentially dangerous and difficult to follow.\"Muzaffar, Maroosha. (2019\\). [\"New Millennial Diet: Vegan \\+ Palo \\= Peganism\"](https://www.ozy.com/the-new-and-the-next/new-millennial-diet-vegan-paleo-peganism/92943/). Ozy.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\.",
"Dietitian Alyssa Pike has disputed Hyman's claim that gluten should be avoided by people without a [gluten allergy or intolerance](/wiki/Gluten-related_disorders \"Gluten-related disorders\") and concluded that \"the concept of this diet, combined with its number of restrictive rules, will likely make it hard to follow long\\-term and add to confusion about what to eat and why.\"[\"What is the Pegan Diet?\"](https://foodinsight.org/what-is-the-pegan-diet-vegan-paleo-mashup/). Foodinsight.org. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\.",
"Oncologist [Adil Akhtar](/wiki/Adil_Akhtar \"Adil Akhtar\") has commented that \"the pegan diet has taken good things from the vegan diet and attached it to some of the good things from the paleo diet. Both of them emphasize eating whole, natural foods, and avoiding eating anything processed or anything artificial. If you look at the pegan diet, it's about 75% vegan. The only difference is the source of protein in the vegan diet. Vegans get protein from beans and legumes. On the pegan diet, you're allowed to tap into grass\\-fed, healthy animal meat\".{{cite news \\|last1\\=Howley \\|first1\\=Elaine K. \\|title\\=What is the Pegan Diet? \\|url\\=https://health.usnews.com/wellness/food/articles/what\\-is\\-the\\-pegan\\-diet \\|work\\=\\[\\[U.S. News \\& World Report]] \\|date\\=July 3, 2019}} Akhtar has noted that the pegan diet \"looks quite close to the [Mediterranean diet](/wiki/Mediterranean_diet \"Mediterranean diet\")\" and may be helpful to those who want to reduce their risk of developing cancer.",
""
] |
### Reception
Peganism has been termed by some dietitians as a [fad diet](/wiki/Fad_diet "Fad diet").["Here’s the latest diet fad called 'peganism'"](https://archive.today/20201108223833/https://www.health24.com/Diet-and-nutrition/News/heres-the-latest-diet-fad-called-peganism-20190208). Health24\.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\. The diet's emphasis on vegetables and omega\-3 fats is in accord to mainstream nutrition advice but has been criticized for limiting the consumption of [beans](/wiki/Bean "Bean") and [whole grains](/wiki/Whole_grain "Whole grain"), which are associated with multiple health benefits such as reducing cardiovascular disease and cancer risk and supporting weight management.["For Your Information: Understanding the Pegan Diet By Judith C. Thalheimer, RD, LDN Today's Dietitian Vol. 17 No. 10 P. 20"](https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/1015p20.shtml). Todaysdietitian.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\. The pegan diet is restrictive and may cause magnesium, iron or calcium deficiency. Dietitian Abbey Sharp has commented that it "would be shocking to me if anyone was able to maintain this diet in the long run without incurring serious psychological damage".["The Pegan Diet (Paleo Vegan) \| A Dietitian’s Guide to Risks vs Benefits"](https://www.abbeyskitchen.com/the-pegan-diet-paleo-vegan/). Abbeyskitchen.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\.
A review in *[Publishers Weekly](/wiki/Publishers_Weekly "Publishers Weekly")* commented that "*Pegan* is a silly, paradoxical misnomer: no diet can be simultaneously paleo (meat, fats, and few vegetables/fruit) and vegan (with no animal products whatsoever). However, the diet’s recommendations are basically sound: fresh, locally sourced, preferably organic food; nothing refined or processed; and a focus on not raising blood sugar."["Food: What the Heck Should I Eat? The No\-nonsense Guide to Achieving Optimal Weight and Lifelong Health"](https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-316-33886-8). *Publishers Weekly*. Retrieved 8 November 2020\.
Dietitian Carrie Dennett has written that "while the pegan diet is more moderate \- and potentially easier to follow \- than either of its dietary parents, it does restrict many nutritious foods for reasons that aren't quite supported by science." A downside to the diet is that it can be costly for those with low incomes who cannot afford the expensive "grass\-fed" and "pasture\-raised" [animal source foods](/wiki/Animal_source_foods "Animal source foods") that Hyman recommends. Aisling Pigott, a dietitian and spokesperson for the [British Dietetic Association](/wiki/British_Dietetic_Association "British Dietetic Association"), has suggested that the pegan diet is too restrictive to maintain and although some of its principles such as eating more plant\-based foods and fewer [processed foods](/wiki/Convenience_food "Convenience food") are recommended for good health, "labeling this as a 'diet' is unethical and potentially dangerous and difficult to follow."Muzaffar, Maroosha. (2019\). ["New Millennial Diet: Vegan \+ Palo \= Peganism"](https://www.ozy.com/the-new-and-the-next/new-millennial-diet-vegan-paleo-peganism/92943/). Ozy.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\.
Dietitian Alyssa Pike has disputed Hyman's claim that gluten should be avoided by people without a [gluten allergy or intolerance](/wiki/Gluten-related_disorders "Gluten-related disorders") and concluded that "the concept of this diet, combined with its number of restrictive rules, will likely make it hard to follow long\-term and add to confusion about what to eat and why."["What is the Pegan Diet?"](https://foodinsight.org/what-is-the-pegan-diet-vegan-paleo-mashup/). Foodinsight.org. Retrieved 8 November 2020\.
Oncologist [Adil Akhtar](/wiki/Adil_Akhtar "Adil Akhtar") has commented that "the pegan diet has taken good things from the vegan diet and attached it to some of the good things from the paleo diet. Both of them emphasize eating whole, natural foods, and avoiding eating anything processed or anything artificial. If you look at the pegan diet, it's about 75% vegan. The only difference is the source of protein in the vegan diet. Vegans get protein from beans and legumes. On the pegan diet, you're allowed to tap into grass\-fed, healthy animal meat".{{cite news \|last1\=Howley \|first1\=Elaine K. \|title\=What is the Pegan Diet? \|url\=https://health.usnews.com/wellness/food/articles/what\-is\-the\-pegan\-diet \|work\=\[\[U.S. News \& World Report]] \|date\=July 3, 2019}} Akhtar has noted that the pegan diet "looks quite close to the [Mediterranean diet](/wiki/Mediterranean_diet "Mediterranean diet")" and may be helpful to those who want to reduce their risk of developing cancer.
|
[
"### Reception",
"Peganism has been termed by some dietitians as a [fad diet](/wiki/Fad_diet \"Fad diet\").[\"Here’s the latest diet fad called 'peganism'\"](https://archive.today/20201108223833/https://www.health24.com/Diet-and-nutrition/News/heres-the-latest-diet-fad-called-peganism-20190208). Health24\\.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\. The diet's emphasis on vegetables and omega\\-3 fats is in accord to mainstream nutrition advice but has been criticized for limiting the consumption of [beans](/wiki/Bean \"Bean\") and [whole grains](/wiki/Whole_grain \"Whole grain\"), which are associated with multiple health benefits such as reducing cardiovascular disease and cancer risk and supporting weight management.[\"For Your Information: Understanding the Pegan Diet By Judith C. Thalheimer, RD, LDN Today's Dietitian Vol. 17 No. 10 P. 20\"](https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/1015p20.shtml). Todaysdietitian.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\. The pegan diet is restrictive and may cause magnesium, iron or calcium deficiency. Dietitian Abbey Sharp has commented that it \"would be shocking to me if anyone was able to maintain this diet in the long run without incurring serious psychological damage\".[\"The Pegan Diet (Paleo Vegan) \\| A Dietitian’s Guide to Risks vs Benefits\"](https://www.abbeyskitchen.com/the-pegan-diet-paleo-vegan/). Abbeyskitchen.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\.",
"A review in *[Publishers Weekly](/wiki/Publishers_Weekly \"Publishers Weekly\")* commented that \"*Pegan* is a silly, paradoxical misnomer: no diet can be simultaneously paleo (meat, fats, and few vegetables/fruit) and vegan (with no animal products whatsoever). However, the diet’s recommendations are basically sound: fresh, locally sourced, preferably organic food; nothing refined or processed; and a focus on not raising blood sugar.\"[\"Food: What the Heck Should I Eat? The No\\-nonsense Guide to Achieving Optimal Weight and Lifelong Health\"](https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-316-33886-8). *Publishers Weekly*. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\.",
"Dietitian Carrie Dennett has written that \"while the pegan diet is more moderate \\- and potentially easier to follow \\- than either of its dietary parents, it does restrict many nutritious foods for reasons that aren't quite supported by science.\" A downside to the diet is that it can be costly for those with low incomes who cannot afford the expensive \"grass\\-fed\" and \"pasture\\-raised\" [animal source foods](/wiki/Animal_source_foods \"Animal source foods\") that Hyman recommends. Aisling Pigott, a dietitian and spokesperson for the [British Dietetic Association](/wiki/British_Dietetic_Association \"British Dietetic Association\"), has suggested that the pegan diet is too restrictive to maintain and although some of its principles such as eating more plant\\-based foods and fewer [processed foods](/wiki/Convenience_food \"Convenience food\") are recommended for good health, \"labeling this as a 'diet' is unethical and potentially dangerous and difficult to follow.\"Muzaffar, Maroosha. (2019\\). [\"New Millennial Diet: Vegan \\+ Palo \\= Peganism\"](https://www.ozy.com/the-new-and-the-next/new-millennial-diet-vegan-paleo-peganism/92943/). Ozy.com. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\.",
"Dietitian Alyssa Pike has disputed Hyman's claim that gluten should be avoided by people without a [gluten allergy or intolerance](/wiki/Gluten-related_disorders \"Gluten-related disorders\") and concluded that \"the concept of this diet, combined with its number of restrictive rules, will likely make it hard to follow long\\-term and add to confusion about what to eat and why.\"[\"What is the Pegan Diet?\"](https://foodinsight.org/what-is-the-pegan-diet-vegan-paleo-mashup/). Foodinsight.org. Retrieved 8 November 2020\\.",
"Oncologist [Adil Akhtar](/wiki/Adil_Akhtar \"Adil Akhtar\") has commented that \"the pegan diet has taken good things from the vegan diet and attached it to some of the good things from the paleo diet. Both of them emphasize eating whole, natural foods, and avoiding eating anything processed or anything artificial. If you look at the pegan diet, it's about 75% vegan. The only difference is the source of protein in the vegan diet. Vegans get protein from beans and legumes. On the pegan diet, you're allowed to tap into grass\\-fed, healthy animal meat\".{{cite news \\|last1\\=Howley \\|first1\\=Elaine K. \\|title\\=What is the Pegan Diet? \\|url\\=https://health.usnews.com/wellness/food/articles/what\\-is\\-the\\-pegan\\-diet \\|work\\=\\[\\[U.S. News \\& World Report]] \\|date\\=July 3, 2019}} Akhtar has noted that the pegan diet \"looks quite close to the [Mediterranean diet](/wiki/Mediterranean_diet \"Mediterranean diet\")\" and may be helpful to those who want to reduce their risk of developing cancer.",
""
] |
Biography
---------
{{Cleanup reorganize \|section \|date\=May 2024}}
Lau Noah was born in [Reus](/wiki/Reus "Reus"), [Catalonia](/wiki/Catalonia "Catalonia"), to a family of teachers. Even though she took music lessons as a kid, she quit as a pre\-teen and continued to teach herself to write songs on voice and piano. She cites the soundtracks of [Disney](/wiki/Disney "Disney") movies as a major influence on her music at that time. In her adolescence she played the organ at church and performed her songs in several small cities in Catalonia.
When she was 17 years old she moved to a musicians commune on a mountain overlooking the city of [Barcelona](/wiki/Barcelona "Barcelona"), where she was exposed to [jazz](/wiki/Jazz "Jazz") music for the first time. She recorded a never released demo entitled Wolves (2013\) which was her introduction to recording and producing, collaborating with drummer [Jorge Rossy](/wiki/Jorge_Rossy "Jorge Rossy").
At 19 years old, Noah moved to [New York](/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") with $100 in her pocket after finding a nanny job through an online website. She worked several jobs while performing monthly in local NYC venues like [The Bitter End](/wiki/The_Bitter_End "The Bitter End") and [Rockwood Music Hall](/wiki/Rockwood_Music_Hall "Rockwood Music Hall"). In February 2016 while in [Montréal](/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al "Montréal") she discovered the guitar.
Over the next years Noah would start posting videos on [Facebook](/wiki/Facebook "Facebook"), of herself playing her songs on guitar, catching the attention of celebrated underground musicians like pianist [Larry Goldings](/wiki/Larry_Goldings "Larry Goldings"), who put together a soirée in his Los Angeles home for her to perform, inviting [Maroon 5](/wiki/Maroon_5 "Maroon 5")'s [Jesse Carmichael](/wiki/Jesse_Carmichael "Jesse Carmichael"), famed producer [Blake Mills](/wiki/Blake_Mills "Blake Mills") and other influential artists. This would grant Lau a reputation among underground musicians.
In February 2019 Lau performed a solo set for [NPR](/wiki/NPR "NPR")'s [Tiny Desk Concert](/wiki/Tiny_Desk_Concert "Tiny Desk Concert"),{{cite web \|title\=Lau Noah Tiny Desk Concert \|website\=\[\[NPR]] \|url\=https://www.npr.org/2019/02/08/692656041/lau\-noah\-tiny\-desk\-concert}} making her the first Catalan artist to ever perform in the prestigious series. *[Billboard Magazine](/wiki/Billboard_Magazine "Billboard Magazine")* wrote about the performance: "Lau Noah enchants music lovers one song at a time."{{cite magazine \|title\=Lau Noah on Billboard Magazine \|magazine\=\[\[Billboard (magazine)\|Billboard]] \|url\=https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/lau\-noah\-npr\-tiny\-desk\-concert\-video\-8497788/}} [Bob Boilen](/wiki/Bob_Boilen "Bob Boilen"), the creator of the series said: "There's a magical aura that surrounds Lau Noah. She writes these thought\-provoking song\-stories that captured my heart."{{cite web \|title\=Bob Boilen on Lau Noah \|website\=\[\[NPR]] \|url\=https://www.npr.org/2019/02/08/692656041/lau\-noah\-tiny\-desk\-concert}}
Later that year Noah played piano and guitar for the TV show *[Little Voice](/wiki/Little_Voice_%28TV_series%29 "Little Voice (TV series)")* created by [Sara Bareilles](/wiki/Sara_Bareilles "Sara Bareilles").{{cite web \|title\=Little Voice Apple TV \|url\=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little\_Voice\_(TV\_series)}}{{Circular reference\|date\=March 2024}}
During the [COVID pandemic](/wiki/COVID_pandemic "COVID pandemic") of 2020, Lau garnered the attention of music superstars like Jacob Collier, [Gavin Degraw](/wiki/Gavin_Degraw "Gavin Degraw"), [Phoebe Bridgers](/wiki/Phoebe_Bridgers "Phoebe Bridgers") and [Moses Sumney](/wiki/Moses_Sumney "Moses Sumney") among others, thanks to the videos she posted on Instagram performing her songs.
Lau self released her first EP, entitled *3*, in June 2021\. It was a compilation of original songs on guitar and voice.
In July 2021 Noah was invited to perform with Jacob Collier at the [Blue Note](/wiki/Blue_Note "Blue Note") in NYC. Later that year, Noah performed a successful solo tour in [Spain](/wiki/Spain "Spain"), [France](/wiki/France "France"), [Germany](/wiki/Germany "Germany") and [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland "Switzerland"). In 2022 Lau performed alongside pop star [Gavin Degraw](/wiki/Gavin_Degraw "Gavin Degraw") in [Bethel Woods](/wiki/Bethel_Woods "Bethel Woods"), the grounds of the legendary [Woodstock festival](/wiki/Woodstock_festival "Woodstock festival") of 1969\.
Lau went on tour with [Macarthur Grant](/wiki/Macarthur_Grant "Macarthur Grant") awardee [Chris Thile](/wiki/Chris_Thile "Chris Thile") in the fall of 2022 opening his shows in Europe, and in early 2023 opened for Americana superband [Nickel Creek](/wiki/Nickel_Creek "Nickel Creek") in the UK.{{cite web \|title\=Nickel Creek \+ Lau Noah \|url\=https://unionchapel.org.uk/whats\-on/nickel\-creek\-lau\-noah}}
On May 19, 2023, Noah released the first single of her album, featuring [Jacob Collier](/wiki/Jacob_Collier "Jacob Collier"). The song called "If a tree falls in love with a river" amassed over 400\.000 streams on [Spotify](/wiki/Spotify "Spotify") the first week after release.
In the fall of 2023 she opened for [Ben Folds](/wiki/Ben_Folds "Ben Folds") in the UK,{{cite web \|title\=Lau Noah on tour with Ben Folds \|url\=https://bristolbeacon.org/whats\-on/ben\-folds\-lau\-noah/}} performing at the [Royal Albert Hall](/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall "Royal Albert Hall") and other legendary venues, receiving standing ovations and making audiences of around 5000 people sing in perfect two\-part harmony. When the tour was suddenly cancelled due to Folds health issues, Noah took to [social media](/wiki/Social_media "Social media") and turned to her fans, who helped put a headliner tour together in three days, spanning over 10 dates in several locations in [Ireland](/wiki/Ireland "Ireland"), Germany, [France](/wiki/France "France"), the [Netherlands](/wiki/Netherlands "Netherlands") and Spain.
[thumb\|Lau Noah turns the audience into a choir](/wiki/File:Lau_Noah_at_the_RAH.jpg "Lau Noah at the RAH.jpg")
Noah released her first LP, *A DOS*{{cite web \|title\=Lau Noah album release \|url\=https://shorefire.com/releases/entry/lau\-noah\-releases\-new\-albuma\-dos}} on January 12 of 2024 to much praise, featuring Grammy winning Latin star [Gaby Moreno](/wiki/Gaby_Moreno "Gaby Moreno"), virtuoso mandolinist [Chris Thile](/wiki/Chris_Thile "Chris Thile"), [Goya awards](/wiki/Goya_awards "Goya awards") winner [Sílvia Pérez Cruz](/wiki/S%C3%ADlvia_P%C3%A9rez_Cruz "Sílvia Pérez Cruz"), Pop sensation [Jacob Collier](/wiki/Jacob_Collier "Jacob Collier"), prominent flamenco singer Ángeles Toledano, [ECM](/wiki/ECM_Records "ECM Records") favorite [Shai Maestro](/wiki/Shai_Maestro "Shai Maestro"), [Academy Award](/wiki/Academy_Award "Academy Award") recipient [Jorge Drexler](/wiki/Jorge_Drexler "Jorge Drexler"), [Eurovision](/wiki/Eurovision "Eurovision") winner [Salvador Sobral](/wiki/Salvador_Sobral "Salvador Sobral") and [Herbie Hancock Institute of Jazz](/wiki/Herbie_Hancock_Institute_of_Jazz "Herbie Hancock Institute of Jazz") first prize [Cécile McLorin Salvant](/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_McLorin_Salvant "Cécile McLorin Salvant").
Throughout January and February 2024 Noah was on the cover of *[Performer Magazine](/wiki/Performer_Magazine "Performer Magazine")*{{cite web \|title\=Lau Noah Cover Story \|url\=https://performermag.com/new\-music\-and\-video/interviews\-and\-features/cover\-story\-lau\-noah\-discusses\-her\-unique\-acoustic\-style/}} and was featured in several music publications and podcasts including NPR's New Sounds,{{cite web \|title\=Lau Noah New Sounds NPR \|url\=https://www.newsounds.org/story/unique\-songcraft\-catalan\-singer\-and\-guitarist\-lau\-noah/}} [WBGO](/wiki/WBGO "WBGO")'s Third Story podcast{{cite web \|title\=WBGO Lau Noah \|url\=https://www.wbgo.org/podcast/the\-third\-story/2024\-01\-10/lau\-noah\-songs\-for\-two}} and [Recording Academy](/wiki/Recording_Academy "Recording Academy")'s Global Spin.{{cite web \|title\=Lau Noah Grammy.com \|url\=https://www.grammy.com/news/lau\-noah\-lesser\-men\-would\-call\-it\-love\-performance\-video\-global\-spin}}Album of the Year, the user run music review website gave Noah's duet with Collier a 100% rating,{{cite web \|title\= Album of the year review Lau Noah \|url\=https://www.albumoftheyear.org/user/cbuhrermusic/album/718929\-if\-a\-tree\-falls\-in\-love\-with\-a\-river/}} and the full record a rating of 86%.
In March 2024 Noah became a finalist in the [American Songwriter](/wiki/American_Songwriter "American Songwriter") song contest.{{cite web \|title\=Lau Noah finalist of American Songwriter \| date\=8 March 2024 \|url\=https://americansongwriter.com/american\-songwriter\-2023\-song\-contest\-finalists\-announced/?utm\_source\=ActiveCampaign\&utm\_medium\=email\&utm\_content\=2023\+Song\+Contest\+Finalists\+Announcement\&utm\_campaign\=2023\+Song\+Contest\+\-\+Semi\-Finalists\+Announcement\+2\+26\+24\+%28Copy%29}}
Award winning [Jamie Cullum](/wiki/Jamie_Cullum "Jamie Cullum") spoke about Lau's record and played it on his [BBC](/wiki/BBC "BBC") radio show in March of 2024\.{{cite web \|title\=Jamie Cullum talks about Lau Noah \|url\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m001wqw9}}
Lau Noah has given several conferences about creativity in [Ivy League](/wiki/Ivy_League "Ivy League") universities{{cite web \|title\=Lau Noah at Brown University \|url\=https://events.brown.edu/music/event/255686\-brown\-jazz\-talk\-with\-lau\-noah}} ( [Brown University](/wiki/Brown_University "Brown University") 2023\) and music festivals and conservatories worldwide ( Cork international guitar festival 2019, Connecticut Guitar festival 2018, St Louis Classical guitar conservatory 2020, Escuela Superior de Musica creativa de Madrid 2020, Taller de Musics de Barcelona 2024\)
|
[
"Biography\n---------",
"{{Cleanup reorganize \\|section \\|date\\=May 2024}}",
"Lau Noah was born in [Reus](/wiki/Reus \"Reus\"), [Catalonia](/wiki/Catalonia \"Catalonia\"), to a family of teachers. Even though she took music lessons as a kid, she quit as a pre\\-teen and continued to teach herself to write songs on voice and piano. She cites the soundtracks of [Disney](/wiki/Disney \"Disney\") movies as a major influence on her music at that time. In her adolescence she played the organ at church and performed her songs in several small cities in Catalonia.",
"When she was 17 years old she moved to a musicians commune on a mountain overlooking the city of [Barcelona](/wiki/Barcelona \"Barcelona\"), where she was exposed to [jazz](/wiki/Jazz \"Jazz\") music for the first time. She recorded a never released demo entitled Wolves (2013\\) which was her introduction to recording and producing, collaborating with drummer [Jorge Rossy](/wiki/Jorge_Rossy \"Jorge Rossy\").",
"At 19 years old, Noah moved to [New York](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\") with $100 in her pocket after finding a nanny job through an online website. She worked several jobs while performing monthly in local NYC venues like [The Bitter End](/wiki/The_Bitter_End \"The Bitter End\") and [Rockwood Music Hall](/wiki/Rockwood_Music_Hall \"Rockwood Music Hall\"). In February 2016 while in [Montréal](/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al \"Montréal\") she discovered the guitar.",
"Over the next years Noah would start posting videos on [Facebook](/wiki/Facebook \"Facebook\"), of herself playing her songs on guitar, catching the attention of celebrated underground musicians like pianist [Larry Goldings](/wiki/Larry_Goldings \"Larry Goldings\"), who put together a soirée in his Los Angeles home for her to perform, inviting [Maroon 5](/wiki/Maroon_5 \"Maroon 5\")'s [Jesse Carmichael](/wiki/Jesse_Carmichael \"Jesse Carmichael\"), famed producer [Blake Mills](/wiki/Blake_Mills \"Blake Mills\") and other influential artists. This would grant Lau a reputation among underground musicians.",
"In February 2019 Lau performed a solo set for [NPR](/wiki/NPR \"NPR\")'s [Tiny Desk Concert](/wiki/Tiny_Desk_Concert \"Tiny Desk Concert\"),{{cite web \\|title\\=Lau Noah Tiny Desk Concert \\|website\\=\\[\\[NPR]] \\|url\\=https://www.npr.org/2019/02/08/692656041/lau\\-noah\\-tiny\\-desk\\-concert}} making her the first Catalan artist to ever perform in the prestigious series. *[Billboard Magazine](/wiki/Billboard_Magazine \"Billboard Magazine\")* wrote about the performance: \"Lau Noah enchants music lovers one song at a time.\"{{cite magazine \\|title\\=Lau Noah on Billboard Magazine \\|magazine\\=\\[\\[Billboard (magazine)\\|Billboard]] \\|url\\=https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/lau\\-noah\\-npr\\-tiny\\-desk\\-concert\\-video\\-8497788/}} [Bob Boilen](/wiki/Bob_Boilen \"Bob Boilen\"), the creator of the series said: \"There's a magical aura that surrounds Lau Noah. She writes these thought\\-provoking song\\-stories that captured my heart.\"{{cite web \\|title\\=Bob Boilen on Lau Noah \\|website\\=\\[\\[NPR]] \\|url\\=https://www.npr.org/2019/02/08/692656041/lau\\-noah\\-tiny\\-desk\\-concert}}",
"Later that year Noah played piano and guitar for the TV show *[Little Voice](/wiki/Little_Voice_%28TV_series%29 \"Little Voice (TV series)\")* created by [Sara Bareilles](/wiki/Sara_Bareilles \"Sara Bareilles\").{{cite web \\|title\\=Little Voice Apple TV \\|url\\=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little\\_Voice\\_(TV\\_series)}}{{Circular reference\\|date\\=March 2024}}",
"During the [COVID pandemic](/wiki/COVID_pandemic \"COVID pandemic\") of 2020, Lau garnered the attention of music superstars like Jacob Collier, [Gavin Degraw](/wiki/Gavin_Degraw \"Gavin Degraw\"), [Phoebe Bridgers](/wiki/Phoebe_Bridgers \"Phoebe Bridgers\") and [Moses Sumney](/wiki/Moses_Sumney \"Moses Sumney\") among others, thanks to the videos she posted on Instagram performing her songs.",
"Lau self released her first EP, entitled *3*, in June 2021\\. It was a compilation of original songs on guitar and voice.",
"In July 2021 Noah was invited to perform with Jacob Collier at the [Blue Note](/wiki/Blue_Note \"Blue Note\") in NYC. Later that year, Noah performed a successful solo tour in [Spain](/wiki/Spain \"Spain\"), [France](/wiki/France \"France\"), [Germany](/wiki/Germany \"Germany\") and [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\"). In 2022 Lau performed alongside pop star [Gavin Degraw](/wiki/Gavin_Degraw \"Gavin Degraw\") in [Bethel Woods](/wiki/Bethel_Woods \"Bethel Woods\"), the grounds of the legendary [Woodstock festival](/wiki/Woodstock_festival \"Woodstock festival\") of 1969\\.",
"Lau went on tour with [Macarthur Grant](/wiki/Macarthur_Grant \"Macarthur Grant\") awardee [Chris Thile](/wiki/Chris_Thile \"Chris Thile\") in the fall of 2022 opening his shows in Europe, and in early 2023 opened for Americana superband [Nickel Creek](/wiki/Nickel_Creek \"Nickel Creek\") in the UK.{{cite web \\|title\\=Nickel Creek \\+ Lau Noah \\|url\\=https://unionchapel.org.uk/whats\\-on/nickel\\-creek\\-lau\\-noah}}",
"On May 19, 2023, Noah released the first single of her album, featuring [Jacob Collier](/wiki/Jacob_Collier \"Jacob Collier\"). The song called \"If a tree falls in love with a river\" amassed over 400\\.000 streams on [Spotify](/wiki/Spotify \"Spotify\") the first week after release.",
"In the fall of 2023 she opened for [Ben Folds](/wiki/Ben_Folds \"Ben Folds\") in the UK,{{cite web \\|title\\=Lau Noah on tour with Ben Folds \\|url\\=https://bristolbeacon.org/whats\\-on/ben\\-folds\\-lau\\-noah/}} performing at the [Royal Albert Hall](/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall \"Royal Albert Hall\") and other legendary venues, receiving standing ovations and making audiences of around 5000 people sing in perfect two\\-part harmony. When the tour was suddenly cancelled due to Folds health issues, Noah took to [social media](/wiki/Social_media \"Social media\") and turned to her fans, who helped put a headliner tour together in three days, spanning over 10 dates in several locations in [Ireland](/wiki/Ireland \"Ireland\"), Germany, [France](/wiki/France \"France\"), the [Netherlands](/wiki/Netherlands \"Netherlands\") and Spain. \n[thumb\\|Lau Noah turns the audience into a choir](/wiki/File:Lau_Noah_at_the_RAH.jpg \"Lau Noah at the RAH.jpg\")",
"Noah released her first LP, *A DOS*{{cite web \\|title\\=Lau Noah album release \\|url\\=https://shorefire.com/releases/entry/lau\\-noah\\-releases\\-new\\-albuma\\-dos}} on January 12 of 2024 to much praise, featuring Grammy winning Latin star [Gaby Moreno](/wiki/Gaby_Moreno \"Gaby Moreno\"), virtuoso mandolinist [Chris Thile](/wiki/Chris_Thile \"Chris Thile\"), [Goya awards](/wiki/Goya_awards \"Goya awards\") winner [Sílvia Pérez Cruz](/wiki/S%C3%ADlvia_P%C3%A9rez_Cruz \"Sílvia Pérez Cruz\"), Pop sensation [Jacob Collier](/wiki/Jacob_Collier \"Jacob Collier\"), prominent flamenco singer Ángeles Toledano, [ECM](/wiki/ECM_Records \"ECM Records\") favorite [Shai Maestro](/wiki/Shai_Maestro \"Shai Maestro\"), [Academy Award](/wiki/Academy_Award \"Academy Award\") recipient [Jorge Drexler](/wiki/Jorge_Drexler \"Jorge Drexler\"), [Eurovision](/wiki/Eurovision \"Eurovision\") winner [Salvador Sobral](/wiki/Salvador_Sobral \"Salvador Sobral\") and [Herbie Hancock Institute of Jazz](/wiki/Herbie_Hancock_Institute_of_Jazz \"Herbie Hancock Institute of Jazz\") first prize [Cécile McLorin Salvant](/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_McLorin_Salvant \"Cécile McLorin Salvant\").",
"Throughout January and February 2024 Noah was on the cover of *[Performer Magazine](/wiki/Performer_Magazine \"Performer Magazine\")*{{cite web \\|title\\=Lau Noah Cover Story \\|url\\=https://performermag.com/new\\-music\\-and\\-video/interviews\\-and\\-features/cover\\-story\\-lau\\-noah\\-discusses\\-her\\-unique\\-acoustic\\-style/}} and was featured in several music publications and podcasts including NPR's New Sounds,{{cite web \\|title\\=Lau Noah New Sounds NPR \\|url\\=https://www.newsounds.org/story/unique\\-songcraft\\-catalan\\-singer\\-and\\-guitarist\\-lau\\-noah/}} [WBGO](/wiki/WBGO \"WBGO\")'s Third Story podcast{{cite web \\|title\\=WBGO Lau Noah \\|url\\=https://www.wbgo.org/podcast/the\\-third\\-story/2024\\-01\\-10/lau\\-noah\\-songs\\-for\\-two}} and [Recording Academy](/wiki/Recording_Academy \"Recording Academy\")'s Global Spin.{{cite web \\|title\\=Lau Noah Grammy.com \\|url\\=https://www.grammy.com/news/lau\\-noah\\-lesser\\-men\\-would\\-call\\-it\\-love\\-performance\\-video\\-global\\-spin}}Album of the Year, the user run music review website gave Noah's duet with Collier a 100% rating,{{cite web \\|title\\= Album of the year review Lau Noah \\|url\\=https://www.albumoftheyear.org/user/cbuhrermusic/album/718929\\-if\\-a\\-tree\\-falls\\-in\\-love\\-with\\-a\\-river/}} and the full record a rating of 86%.",
"In March 2024 Noah became a finalist in the [American Songwriter](/wiki/American_Songwriter \"American Songwriter\") song contest.{{cite web \\|title\\=Lau Noah finalist of American Songwriter \\| date\\=8 March 2024 \\|url\\=https://americansongwriter.com/american\\-songwriter\\-2023\\-song\\-contest\\-finalists\\-announced/?utm\\_source\\=ActiveCampaign\\&utm\\_medium\\=email\\&utm\\_content\\=2023\\+Song\\+Contest\\+Finalists\\+Announcement\\&utm\\_campaign\\=2023\\+Song\\+Contest\\+\\-\\+Semi\\-Finalists\\+Announcement\\+2\\+26\\+24\\+%28Copy%29}}",
"Award winning [Jamie Cullum](/wiki/Jamie_Cullum \"Jamie Cullum\") spoke about Lau's record and played it on his [BBC](/wiki/BBC \"BBC\") radio show in March of 2024\\.{{cite web \\|title\\=Jamie Cullum talks about Lau Noah \\|url\\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m001wqw9}}",
"Lau Noah has given several conferences about creativity in [Ivy League](/wiki/Ivy_League \"Ivy League\") universities{{cite web \\|title\\=Lau Noah at Brown University \\|url\\=https://events.brown.edu/music/event/255686\\-brown\\-jazz\\-talk\\-with\\-lau\\-noah}} ( [Brown University](/wiki/Brown_University \"Brown University\") 2023\\) and music festivals and conservatories worldwide ( Cork international guitar festival 2019, Connecticut Guitar festival 2018, St Louis Classical guitar conservatory 2020, Escuela Superior de Musica creativa de Madrid 2020, Taller de Musics de Barcelona 2024\\)",
""
] |
History
-------
{{More citations needed\|date\=July 2020}}
{{main\|History of Bradford Bulls}}
### 1863–1907: Bradford F.C.
{{main\|Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C.}}
The original [Bradford Football Club](/wiki/Bradford_Park_Avenue_A.F.C. "Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C.") was formed in 1863 and played [rugby football](/wiki/Rugby_football "Rugby football"), subsequently joining the [Rugby Football Union](/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union "Rugby Football Union"). Initially the club played at Horton Cricket Ground, All Saints Road but were asked to leave because of damage to the pitch. They then moved to Laisteridge Lane and later North Park Road in [Manningham](/wiki/Manningham%2C_Bradford "Manningham, Bradford"). A nomadic existence continued as they then went on to [Peel Park](/wiki/Peel_Park%2C_Bradford "Peel Park, Bradford"), then [Girlington](/wiki/Girlington "Girlington") and [Apperley Bridge](/wiki/Apperley_Bridge "Apperley Bridge").
Bradford Football Club and Bradford Cricket Club bought [Park Avenue](/wiki/Park_Avenue_%28stadium%29 "Park Avenue (stadium)") in 1879 and this resulted in the club becoming "Bradford Cricket, Athletic and Football Club". The club's headquarters were at the Talbot Darley Street, and later The Alexandra, Great Horton Road. The club achieved its first major success by winning the [Yorkshire Cup](/wiki/Yorkshire_Cup_%28rugby_union%29 "Yorkshire Cup (rugby union)") in 1884\.
After the 1890–91 season, Bradford along with other Yorkshire Senior clubs Batley, Brighouse, Dewsbury, Halifax, Huddersfield, Hull, Hunslet, Leeds, Liversedge, Manningham and Wakefield decided that they wanted their own county league starting in 1891 along the lines of a similar competition that had been played in Lancashire. The clubs wanted full control of the league but the Yorkshire Rugby Football Union would not sanction the competition as it meant giving up control of rugby football to the senior clubs.
In 1895, along with cross\-town neighbours [Manningham F.C.](/wiki/Manningham_F.C. "Manningham F.C."), Bradford was among 22 clubs to secede from the [Rugby Football Union](/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union "Rugby Football Union") after the historic meeting at the [George Hotel](/wiki/George_Hotel%2C_Huddersfield "George Hotel, Huddersfield") in [Huddersfield](/wiki/Huddersfield "Huddersfield") in response to a dispute over "broken time" payments to players who were thus part\-time professionals. These 22 clubs formed the [Northern Rugby Football Union](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League "Rugby Football League") (which eventually became the [Rugby Football League](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League "Rugby Football League")) and [rugby league](/wiki/Rugby_league "Rugby league") football was born.
Bradford enjoyed some success in the new competition. In the [1903–04 Northern Rugby Football Union season](/wiki/1903%E2%80%9304_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season "1903–04 Northern Rugby Football Union season"), the team finished level on points with [Salford](/wiki/Salford_Red_Devils "Salford Red Devils") at the top of the league and then won the resulting play\-off 5–0\. In [1905–06](/wiki/1905%E2%80%9306_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season "1905–06 Northern Rugby Football Union season"), Bradford beat Salford 5–0 to win the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup "Challenge Cup") and were runners\-up in the [Championship](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League_Championship "Rugby Football League Championship"). In [1906–07](/wiki/1906%E2%80%9307_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season "1906–07 Northern Rugby Football Union season"), Bradford won the [Yorkshire](/wiki/RFL_Yorkshire_Cup "RFL Yorkshire Cup") [County Cup](/wiki/Rugby_league_county_cups "Rugby league county cups") 8–5 against [Hull Kingston Rovers](/wiki/Hull_Kingston_Rovers "Hull Kingston Rovers").
During this time Manningham F.C. had run into financial difficulties and, despite a summer archery contest that generated enough money to ensure their survival, its members were persuaded to swap codes and play association football instead. Manningham was invited to join the [Football League](/wiki/Football_League "Football League") in 1903, in an attempt to promote football in a rugby\-dominated region, and the newly renamed [Bradford City A.F.C.](/wiki/Bradford_City_A.F.C. "Bradford City A.F.C.") was voted into full membership of the Second Division without having played a game of football, having a complete team or even being able to guarantee a ground. The creation of Bradford City led to demands for association football at Park Avenue too. The ground had already hosted some football matches including one in the 1880s between [Blackburn Rovers](/wiki/Blackburn_Rovers "Blackburn Rovers") and [Blackburn Olympic F.C.](/wiki/Blackburn_Olympic_F.C. "Blackburn Olympic F.C.") In 1895, a Bradford side had beaten a team from Moss Side, Manchester, by 4–1 in front of 3,000 spectators. Following the change at Bradford City, a meeting was called of the Bradford FC members on 15 April 1907 to decide the rugby club's future. An initial vote appeared to favour continuing in [rugby league](/wiki/Rugby_league "Rugby league"), but then opinion shifted towards [rugby union](/wiki/Rugby_union "Rugby union") and the chairman, Mr Briggs, used his influence to swing the committee behind the proposed move to association football. This act, sometimes referred to as "The Great Betrayal", led to Bradford FC becoming the [Bradford Park Avenue Association Football Club](/wiki/Bradford_Park_Avenue_A.F.C. "Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C."). The minority faction decided to split and form a new club to continue playing in the Northern Union, appropriately called "Bradford Northern", which applied for and was granted Bradford FC's place in the [1907–08 Northern Rugby Football Union season](/wiki/1907%E2%80%9308_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season "1907–08 Northern Rugby Football Union season"). Bradford Northern's first home ground was the [Greenfield Athletic Ground](/wiki/Greenfield_Athletic_Ground "Greenfield Athletic Ground") in [Dudley Hill](/wiki/Dudley_Hill "Dudley Hill"), to the south of the city. They based themselves at the Greenfield Hotel.
### 1907–1963: Bradford Northern
Northern moved to [Birch Lane](/wiki/Birch_Lane "Birch Lane") in 1908\. Bradford council offered the club a site for a new stadium between Rooley Lane and Mayo Avenue in 1927\. However the NRFU said the site was too small and the club kept on looking. Before moving to [Odsal](/wiki/Odsal_Stadium "Odsal Stadium"), Bradford Northern had had two other homes at Greenfield Athletic Ground in Dudley Hill and at Birch Lane which was part of the Bowling Old Lane cricket ground, although at times they also had to hire [Valley Parade](/wiki/Valley_Parade "Valley Parade") as the capacity at Birch Lane was insufficient for large matches.
On 20 June 1933 Bradford Northern signed a ten\-year lease with Bradford council for a former quarry being used as a waste dump at Odsal Top. It was turned into the biggest stadium outside [Wembley](/wiki/Wembley_Stadium_%281923%29 "Wembley Stadium (1923)"). The Bradford Northern team played its first match there on 1 September 1934\.
Success came to Bradford in the 1940s with a number of cup wins: the Yorkshire cup in [1940–41](/wiki/1940%E2%80%9341_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season "1940–41 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season"), [1942–43](/wiki/1942%E2%80%9343_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season "1942–43 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season"), [1944–45](/wiki/1944%E2%80%9345_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season "1944–45 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season"), [1945–46](/wiki/1945%E2%80%9346_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season "1945–46 Northern Rugby Football League season"), [1948–49](/wiki/1948%E2%80%9349_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season "1948–49 Northern Rugby Football League season") and [1949–50](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season "1949–50 Northern Rugby Football League season"); and the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup "Challenge Cup") [1943–44](/wiki/1943%E2%80%9344_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season "1943–44 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season"), [1946–47](/wiki/1946%E2%80%9347_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season "1946–47 Northern Rugby Football League season") and [1948–49](/wiki/1948%E2%80%9349_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season "1948–49 Northern Rugby Football League season"). In the [Championship](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League_Championship "Rugby Football League Championship") Bradford found it difficult to win either before the war or after despite being runners up in 1942–43 and 1947–48\. On Saturday 3 November 1945, Bradford Northern met [Wakefield Trinity](/wiki/Wakefield_Trinity "Wakefield Trinity") in the final of the Yorkshire Cup held at [Thrum Hall](/wiki/Thrum_Hall "Thrum Hall"), Halifax. Wakefield began the match as favourites, they had lost only one of thirteen matches thus far in the season. However, Bradford won 5–2 Frank Whitcombe scoring the try converted by George Carmichael and lifted the Yorkshire Cup for the fourth time in six seasons.
Bradford defeated Leeds 8–4 to win the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup "Challenge Cup") Final at Wembley in 1947\. The 1947–48 Challenge Cup final was notable as it was the first rugby league match to be attended by the reigning monarch, [King George VI](/wiki/King_George_VI "King George VI"), who presented the trophy. It was also the first televised rugby league match as it was broadcast to the Midlands. Bradford lost 8–3 to [Wigan](/wiki/Wigan_Warriors "Wigan Warriors") and [Frank Whitcombe](/wiki/Frank_Whitcombe "Frank Whitcombe") became the first player to win the [Lance Todd trophy](/wiki/Lance_Todd_trophy "Lance Todd trophy") on the losing side. The 1949 Challenge Cup final was sold out for the first time as 95,050 spectators saw Bradford beat [Halifax](/wiki/Halifax_R.L.F.C. "Halifax R.L.F.C."). In [1951–52](/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season "1951–52 Northern Rugby Football League season") Bradford were runners up in the league but beat [New Zealand](/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_league_team "New Zealand national rugby league team") at Odsal in the first floodlit football match of any code in the North of England.
In 1953, a crowd of 69,429 watched Bradford play [Huddersfield](/wiki/Huddersfield_Giants "Huddersfield Giants") in the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup "Challenge Cup")'s third round. This was Bradford's highest ever attendance. They also won the Yorkshire Cup final 7–2 against Hull. Bradford and [Leigh](/wiki/Leigh_Centurions "Leigh Centurions") were the first rugby league clubs to stage matches on a Sunday in December 1954, although there was opposition from the Sunday Observance lobby.
Bradford's support declined rapidly in the 1963 season, attracting a record low crowd of 324 against [Barrow](/wiki/Barrow_Raiders "Barrow Raiders"). The club went out of business on 10 December 1963, having played just 13 matches; winning 1 and losing 12, scoring 109 points and conceding 284, the results were declared null and void, and expunged from the [1963–64 season](/wiki/1963%E2%80%9364_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season "1963–64 Northern Rugby Football League season")'s records.
### 1964–1995: Third club
A meeting on 14 April 1964 saw 1,500 people turn out to discuss the formation of a new club, and those present promised a £1000 to help get plans for the new organisation underway. Amongst those who led proceedings were former players [Joe Phillips](/wiki/Joseph_Phillips_%28rugby_league%29 "Joseph Phillips (rugby league)") and [Trevor Foster](/wiki/Trevor_Foster "Trevor Foster"). On 20 July 1964, Bradford Northern (1964\) Ltd came into existence. The club's new side had been built for around £15,000 and had [Jack Wilkinson](/wiki/Jack_Wilkinson_%28rugby_league%29 "Jack Wilkinson (rugby league)") as coach. On 22 August 1964, [Hull Kingston Rovers](/wiki/Hull_Kingston_Rovers "Hull Kingston Rovers") provided the opposition in the reformed club's first match and 14,500 spectators turned out to show their support, as Odsal hosted its first 10,000 plus gate for a Bradford Northern match since 1957\.
The reformed club won its first cup in 1965–66 by beating Hunslet 17–8 in the final of the [Yorkshire](/wiki/RFL_Yorkshire_Cup "RFL Yorkshire Cup") [County Cup](/wiki/Rugby_league_county_cups "Rugby league county cups"). In 1972–73 Bradford lost the Challenge Cup final against [Featherstone Rovers](/wiki/Featherstone_Rovers "Featherstone Rovers") 33–14\. In 1973–74 Bradford won the Second Division Championship and were promoted back to the First Division. During this season [Keith Mumby](/wiki/Keith_Mumby "Keith Mumby") made his début, becoming the Bradford's youngest player at only 16 years of age, kicking 12 goals and scoring a try in the match against [Doncaster](/wiki/Doncaster_R.L.F.C. "Doncaster R.L.F.C."). He went on to make a record 576 appearances for the club. In 1974–75 Bradford won the Regal Trophy 3–2 against [Widnes](/wiki/Widnes_Vikings "Widnes Vikings").
[Peter Fox](/wiki/Peter_Fox_%28rugby_league%2C_born_1933%29 "Peter Fox (rugby league, born 1933)") joined Bradford as coach for the first time in 1977–78\. Bradford won the Premiership final 17–8 against Widnes and were also Championship runners\-up.
In 1978–79 Bradford appeared in another Premiership final this time losing 24–2 to [Leeds](/wiki/Leeds_Rhinos "Leeds Rhinos"). A year later Bradford won the Championship and Regal Trophy, Peter Fox winning the award for Coach of the Year. In 1980–81 the club made it back\-to\-back championships. In 1981–82, Bradford lost the Yorkshire Cup final 10–5 against [Castleford](/wiki/Castleford_Tigers "Castleford Tigers") and lost again in 1982–83, this time 18–7 against [Hull F.C.](/wiki/Hull_F.C. "Hull F.C.") Keith Mumby won the award for First Division Player of the Year while [Brian Noble](/wiki/Brian_Noble_%28rugby_league%29 "Brian Noble (rugby league)") won the Young Player award.
In 1985, [Ellery Hanley](/wiki/Ellery_Hanley "Ellery Hanley") left Northern to join [Wigan](/wiki/Wigan_Warriors "Wigan Warriors") for a then record transfer deal, worth £80,000 and a player exchange involving Steve Donlan and Phil Ford. By November 1987, Bradford had cash\-flow problems and the local council refused to help financially, but appointed a special committee to administer the clubs' finances. In December 1987, desperate for cash, Bradford transfer\-listed 22 players for a total of £210,000 plus Phil Ford for £120,000\.
In 1987–88 Bradford won the Yorkshire Cup final replay against Castleford 11–2 after drawing 12–12\. [Ron Willey](/wiki/Ron_Willey "Ron Willey") coached Bradford Northern for a short stint in 1989–90 and led them to the Premiership final and success in the Yorkshire Cup final when they beat Featherstone Rovers 20–14\.
[David Hobbs](/wiki/David_Hobbs_%28rugby_league%29 "David Hobbs (rugby league)") became coach at Northern in 1990 until he left for [Wakefield Trinity](/wiki/Wakefield_Trinity "Wakefield Trinity") in 1994\. Bradford lost the Regal Trophy against [Warrington](/wiki/Warrington_Wolves "Warrington Wolves") 12–2 in 1990–91\. Peter Fox returned to Bradford for a second spell as coach in 1991, and in 1993–94, Bradford finished as runners\-up behind Wigan on points difference. Fox left the club in 1995\.
### 1996–2011: Golden era
In 1996, the first tier of English rugby league clubs changed from a winter to a summer season and played the inaugural [Super League](/wiki/Super_League "Super League") season.{{cite news \|url\= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/rugbys\-pounds\-87m\-deal\-gives\-murdoch\-transfer\-veto\-1526582\.html \|work\= The Independent \|title\=Rugby's pounds 87m deal gives Murdoch transfer veto \|first\=Dave \|last\=Hadfield \|date\=20 December 1995\|access\-date\=6 May 2009}} Bradford dropped the 'Northern' name to become Bradford Bulls. Australian Brian Smith took over as head coach in 1995, with Matthew Elliott as his assistant. The Bulls won the Super League title in the 1997 season, the last before the Play off/ Grand Final structure was implemented in 1998\.
When Smith left, Elliot coached the Bradford Bulls to the 1999 Super League Grand Final and in 2000 the Bulls won the Challenge Cup for the first time in 51 years with victory over Leeds in [Edinburgh](/wiki/Edinburgh "Edinburgh").
[Brian Noble](/wiki/Brian_Noble_%28rugby_league%29 "Brian Noble (rugby league)") was appointed Bradford head coach in November 2000\.{{cite news
\| title \= Super League Team\-by\-team guide
\| work \= telegraph.co.uk
\| publisher \= Telegraph Media Group Limited
\| date \= 1 March 2001
\| url \= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/rugbyleague/2999879/Super\-League\-Team\-by\-team\-guide.html
\| access\-date \= 10 October 2010
\| location\=London}} Noble took the Bradford Bulls to the [2001 Super League Grand Final](/wiki/2001_Super_League_Grand_Final "2001 Super League Grand Final") in which they defeated the [Wigan Warriors](/wiki/Wigan_Warriors "Wigan Warriors"). As [Super League VI](/wiki/Super_League_VI "Super League VI") champions, the Bulls played against [2001 NRL](/wiki/2001_NRL_season "2001 NRL season") Premiers, the [Newcastle Knights](/wiki/Newcastle_Knights "Newcastle Knights") in the [2002 World Club Challenge](/wiki/2002_World_Club_Challenge "2002 World Club Challenge"). Noble oversaw Bradford's victory. He took the Bulls to the [2002 Super League Grand Final](/wiki/2002_Super_League_Grand_Final "2002 Super League Grand Final") which was lost to [St. Helens](/wiki/St_Helens_R.F.C. "St Helens R.F.C.").
On 20 April 2006, [Steve McNamara](/wiki/Steve_McNamara "Steve McNamara") was promoted to head coach of Bradford{{cite web\|url\=http://www.bradfordbulls.co.uk/news/2256/McNAMARA%20IS%20NEW%20BULLS%20COACH\|title\=McNamara is Bulls new head coach\|publisher\=Bradford Bulls\|date\=20 April 2006\|access\-date\=1 January 2012\|url\-status\=dead\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224002113/http://www.bradfordbulls.co.uk/news/2256/McNAMARA%20IS%20NEW%20BULLS%20COACH\|archive\-date\=24 February 2012}} following [Brian Noble](/wiki/Brian_Noble_%28rugby_league%29 "Brian Noble (rugby league)")'s departure to [Wigan](/wiki/Wigan_Warriors "Wigan Warriors"). At the time he was the youngest coach in Britain. In his first season in charge, he guided Bradford to the [Super League](/wiki/Super_League "Super League") play\-offs before the club were knocked out in the grand final eliminator by [Hull](/wiki/Hull_F.C. "Hull F.C.")
Following an eighth consecutive defeat, the Bulls' worst run in Super League, McNamara's contract was mutually terminated on 13 July 2010\. [Lee St Hilaire](/wiki/Lee_St_Hilaire "Lee St Hilaire") was coach for the rest of the 2010 season.
[Mick Potter](/wiki/Michael_Potter "Michael Potter") became coach in 2011\. Despite the club being placed in receivership in 2012, the team was on the verge of making the semi\-finals of Super League as Potter remained as unpaid coach.
### 2012–2017: Administrations, relegation and liquidation
In March 2012 the club announced that it was in financial difficulties and needed £1 million to keep the club afloat.{{cite news \|title\=Bradford Bulls 'need £1m' to stay in business, as support pours in \|url\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/rugby\-league/17521786 \|date\=27 March 2012\|access\-date\=28 June 2012\|newspaper\=BBC Sport}} A public appeal saw a lot of new funds pour in from supporters, but following the issue of a [winding up](/wiki/Liquidation "Liquidation") petition from [HMRC](/wiki/HM_Revenue_and_Customs "HM Revenue and Customs") for unpaid taxes the holding company for the club was forced to go into administration on 26 June 2012\.{{cite news \|url\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/rugby\-league/18554519 \|title\=Bradford Bulls go into administration and face 'extinction' \|date\=26 June 2012\|access\-date\=28 June 2012\|newspaper\=BBC Sport}} The Rugby Football League announced that had the company been wound up then the team would be allowed to complete their fixtures for the 2012 Super League season under the possible ownership of a supporters trust.{{cite news \|url\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/rugby\-league/18609190 \|title\=Bradford Bulls can finish season – even if liquidated \|date\=27 June 2012\|access\-date\=28 June 2012\|newspaper\=BBC Sport}} On 2 July 2012, the club's administrator, Brendan Guilfoyle, made sixteen members of staff, including the coach Mick Potter and chief executive Ryan Duckett, redundant, but announced that the club would attempt to fulfill its fixtures.{{cite news\|first\=Ian \|last\=Laybourn \|url\=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/rugby\-league/bradford\-bulls\-make\-16\-redundancies\-including\-head\-coach\-mick\-potter\-7903974\.html \|title\=Bradford Bulls make 16 redundancies, including head coach Mick Potter \|work\=The Independent \|date\=2 July 2012\|access\-date\=3 July 2012}} Mick Potter continued as an unpaid coach until the end of the season. On 31 August 2012 a bid for the club from a local consortium, headed by Bradford businessman [Omar Khan](/wiki/Omar_Khan_%28businessman%29 "Omar Khan (businessman)"), was accepted by the administrator{{cite news \|url\=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/sep/01/bradford\-bulls\-sold\-omar\-khan \|title\=Future of Bradford Bulls resolved as Omar Khan buys club \|date\=1 September 2012\|access\-date\= 1 September 2012\|newspaper\=\[\[The Guardian]]}} and was ratified by the RFL in early September.{{cite news \|url\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/rugby\-league/19570146 \|title\=Bradford Bulls: Omar Khan takeover ratified by RFL \|newspaper\=BBC Sport \|date\=12 September 2012\|access\-date\=15 September 2012}} Days later the RFL also granted the new owners a one\-year probationary licence enabling the club to compete in [Super League XVIII](/wiki/Super_League_XVIII "Super League XVIII") in 2013\.{{cite news \|url\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/rugby\-league/19600011 \|title\=Bradford Bulls: RFL grants club Super League licence \|newspaper\=BBC Sport \|date\=14 September 2012\|access\-date\=15 September 2012}}
[Francis Cummins](/wiki/Francis_Cummins "Francis Cummins") was appointed as head coach of the Bulls in September 2012\.{{cite news \|url\=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/rugby\-league/new\-bradford\-bulls\-head\-coach\-francis\-cummins\-is\-ready\-to\-work\-with\-limited\-resources\-8144917\.html \|title\=New Bradford Bulls head coach Francis Cummins is ready to work with limited resources \|date\=17 September 2012\|access\-date\= 18 September 2013\|first\=Ian \|last\=Laybourn \|newspaper\=The Independent}}
During the 2012/13 season the Bulls appointed Dr [Allan Johnston](/wiki/Allan_Johnston_%28psychiatrist%29 "Allan Johnston (psychiatrist)") to the backroom staff to support the players wellbeing and performance. This appointment was thought to be the first of its kind in Rugby League.{{cite web \|url\=http://www.bradfordbulls.co.uk/news/post/bulls\-appoint\-psychiatrist\- \|title\=BULLS APPOINT PSYCHIATRIST \|publisher\=Bradford Bulls \|date\=1 April 2013 \|access\-date\=6 December 2016 }}{{dead link\|date\=December 2017 \|bot\=InternetArchiveBot \|fix\-attempted\=yes }}
In late December 2013 it was announced that chairman Mark Moore and directors Ian Watt and Andrew Calvert had resigned.["Bradford Bulls directors quit Super League club"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/rugby-league/25507471), *[BBC Sport](/wiki/BBC_Sport "BBC Sport")*, 24 December 2013\. Retrieved 25 December 2013
In 2014, relegation was reintroduced to the Super League with two teams being relegated. Bradford were deducted 6 points for entering administration early on in the season and the Bulls were relegated from the top division of rugby league in Britain for the first time in 40 years. [Francis Cummins](/wiki/Francis_Cummins "Francis Cummins") was sacked around the time of relegation and replaced by [James Lowes](/wiki/James_Lowes "James Lowes") and won most of their remaining games.
Bradford began their first Championship campaign in 40 years against [Leigh](/wiki/Leigh_Centurions "Leigh Centurions") away where they narrowly lost the game. By the end of the regular season they entered the Super 8s finishing second. In the Qualifiers Bradford failed to make the top three for automatic entry to Super League for 2016, finishing 5th which meant a trip to Wakefield to play them in the first ever Million Pound Game. Bradford would lose 24–16, condemning them to a second year in the Championship.
In preparation for the 2016 season, Bradford completed the signings of several experienced players, such as Centre [Kris Welham](/wiki/Kris_Welham "Kris Welham") from [Super League](/wiki/Super_League "Super League") side [Hull Kingston Rovers](/wiki/Hull_Kingston_Rovers "Hull Kingston Rovers"), as well as [Oscar Thomas](/wiki/Oscar_Thomas "Oscar Thomas"), Mitch Clark, [Johnny Campbell](/wiki/Johnny_Campbell_%28rugby_league%29 "Johnny Campbell (rugby league)"), [Jonathan Walker](/wiki/Jonathan_Walker_%28rugby_league%29 "Jonathan Walker (rugby league)") and [Kurt Haggerty](/wiki/Kurt_Haggerty "Kurt Haggerty") from [London Broncos](/wiki/London_Broncos "London Broncos"), [Doncaster](/wiki/Doncaster_R.L.F.C. "Doncaster R.L.F.C."), [Batley](/wiki/Batley_Bulldogs "Batley Bulldogs") and [Leigh](/wiki/Leigh_Centurions "Leigh Centurions"). Bradford started the season strongly, with a win over fellow promotion hopefuls [Featherstone Rovers](/wiki/Featherstone_Rovers "Featherstone Rovers") by 22–12\. [Omari Caro](/wiki/Omari_Caro "Omari Caro") scored a hat\-trick in this match. This was followed up by away wins at [Whitehaven](/wiki/Whitehaven_R.L.F.C. "Whitehaven R.L.F.C.") and [Swinton](/wiki/Swinton_Lions "Swinton Lions"). Bradford's season was ultimately disappointing with failure to reach [the Qualifiers](/wiki/The_Qualifiers "The Qualifiers"),{{cite web\|url\=http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/sport/14650320\.Bulls\_star\_Mellor\_targeting\_unbeaten\_end\_to\_campaign/?commentSort\=score \|title\=Bulls star Mellor targeting unbeaten end to campaign \|work\=\[\[Telegraph \& Argus]] \|date\=29 July 2016 \|access\-date\=6 December 2016}} this meant Bradford would miss out on a chance of promotion
On 14 November 2016, Bradford Bulls were placed in administration for the third time since 2012\.{{cite news\|url\=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby\-league/37974647\|title\=Bradford Bulls: Championship club placed in administration for third time\|date\=14 November 2016\|newspaper\=BBC Sport\|access\-date\=14 November 2016}} On 16 November, the [Rugby Football League](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League "Rugby Football League") (RFL) cancelled Bradford's membership, making their future uncertain. In the ensuing weeks several bids to buy the club were made but despite one bid being acceptable to the RFL, none were accepted by the administrator and the club went into liquidation on 3 January 2017\.{{cite news \|url\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby\-league/38418199 \|title\=Bradford Bulls: Former Super League champions liquidated \|work\=BBC Sport \|date\=3 January 2017 \|access\-date\=3 January 2017}}
Following liquidation the RFL issued a statement saying:
{{blockquote\|text\=While a number of alternatives were considered the Board was most mindful of the planning already undertaken by all other clubs in the competition structure, the season tickets already purchased and the players and staff who will now be seeking employment in and around the sport in 2017\.
Accordingly the Board has agreed that the wider interests of the sport is best satisfied if it offers a place in the Kingstone Press Championship to any new club in Bradford and that such a club start the 2017 season on minus 12 points. The RFL believes that Rugby League needs Bradford and that Bradford deserves a strong and stable professional club and will work with all interested parties to deliver that outcome.{{cite web \|url\=http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/sport/sportbulls/14998961\.UPDATE\_\_Bradford\_Bulls\_go\_into\_liquidation\_\_\_MP\_demands\_an\_investigation/ \|title\=Bradford Bulls go into liquidation – MP Judith Cummins demands an investigation \|work\=\[\[Telegraph \& Argus]] \|date\=3 January 2017 \|access\-date\=3 January 2017}}}}
### 2017–2019: Fourth club
After the Bulls went into liquidation in January 2017 the [Rugby Football League](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League "Rugby Football League") invited bids to form a new club based in Bradford who would be allowed to take the place of the Bulls in the 2017 [Championship](/wiki/Championship_%28rugby_league%29 "Championship (rugby league)") but started with a 12\-point penalty deduction.
The RFL issued a set of criteria for anyone wishing to bid for the new club and there were 12 expressions of interest of which four were converted into bids submitted to the RFL.{{cite news \|url\=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jan/09/bradford\-bulls\-new\-club\-rfl\-bids \|title\=RFL assesses four bids to set up new club after Bradford's liquidation \|newspaper\=\[\[The Guardian]] \|date\=9 January 2017\|access\-date\=13 January 2017}} On 13 January the RFL announced that a consortium to run the new club had been selected and notified of the decision.{{cite news \|url\=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jan/13/rfl\-bradford\-bulls\-replacement\-rugby\-league \|title\=RFL finalises deal with unnamed bidder for Bradford Bulls replacement \|newspaper\=\[\[The Guardian]] \|date\=9 January 2017\|access\-date\=13 January 2017}} The new owner was publicly announced on 17 January as [Andrew Chalmers](/wiki/Andrew_Chalmers_%28rugby_league%29 "Andrew Chalmers (rugby league)"), the former chairman of the [New Zealand Rugby League](/wiki/New_Zealand_Rugby_League "New Zealand Rugby League"). Also involved is former player and coach, [Graham Lowe](/wiki/Graham_Lowe "Graham Lowe").{{cite news \|url\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby\-league/38655920 \|title\=Andrew Chalmers and Graham Lowe named new Bradford club owners \|work\=\[\[BBC Sport]] \|date\=17 January 2017 \|access\-date\=17 January 2017}}
The parent company of the club is registered as Bradford Bulls 2017 Limited at Companies House, and the team continue to be known as Bradford Bulls, also retaining the club colours, stadium and several players from the 2016 squad. On 20 January 2017 [Geoff Toovey](/wiki/Geoff_Toovey "Geoff Toovey") was named as coach and [Leon Pryce](/wiki/Leon_Pryce "Leon Pryce") as captain.{{cite news \|url\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby\-league/38692702 \|title\=Geoff Toovey: Australian named coach of new Bradford Bulls \|work\=\[\[BBC Sport]] \|date\=20 January 2017 \|access\-date\=20 January 2017}} However, a delay in processing his paperwork left Toovey unable to fulfil his role and led to Leigh Beattie being appointed as interim coach.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/sport/sportbulls/15117549\.\_\_39\_Things\_are\_starting\_to\_fall\_into\_place\_\_39\_\_\_\_\_\_Leigh\_Beattie\_on\_Bradford\_Bulls\_progress/\|title\= 'Things are starting to fall into place' – Leigh Beattie on Bradford Bulls progress\|work\=Telegraph \& Argus \|date\=26 February 2017 \|access\-date\=28 February 2017}}
Before the start of the 2018 season, the Bulls appointed the highly experienced [John Kear](/wiki/John_Kear "John Kear") as coach, and under his guidance, gained promotion to the Championship.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.bradfordbulls.co.uk/player\_info?524870\-John%20\-Kear\|title\=John Kear\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217202658/https://www.bradfordbulls.co.uk/player\_info?524870\-John%20\-Kear\|archive\-date\=17 February 2018}}
### 2019–present: Move to Dewsbury and Return to Odsal
In August 2019, Bulls chairman Andrew Chalmers announced that the club could no longer afford to play at Odsal and were to relocate to Dewsbury for two years after the preferred alternatives, [Valley Parade](/wiki/Valley_Parade "Valley Parade") and [Horsfall Stadium](/wiki/Horsfall_Stadium "Horsfall Stadium") were deemed too expensive. On 1 September 2019, Bradford Bulls played the last game at Odsal stadium for the next year and a half, and bade a temporary farewell to the 85\-year\-old home ground for the team.{{cite news\|url\=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk\-england\-leeds\-49508771\|title\=Bradford Bulls bid farewell to 'spiritual home' \|date\=1 September 2019\| work\=BBC News\|access\-date\=3 September 2019}}
In November 2019, Nigel Wood, Mark Sawyer, and Eric Perez took over the ownership of the club, although Perez's involvement would only be temporary, as interim chair for a few months.{{cite web \| title\=Bradford Bulls' new ownership group \| website\=Last Word on Rugby \| date\=7 November 2019 \| url\=https://lastwordonsports.com/rugby/2019/11/07/bradford\-bulls\-new\-ownership\-group/ \| access\-date\=3 May 2022}}
The Bulls returned to Odsal in May 2021\. In the 2022 RFL Championship season, Bradford finished a disappointing 9th on the table.{{cite news\|url\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby\-league/57228061\|title\=Bradford Bulls to return to Odsal Stadium after RFL deal \|date\=24 May 2021\|work\=BBC Sport\|access\-date\=6 February 2022}} The 2023 RFL Championship season and the 2024 RFL Championship season showed that hope was still there as The Bulls managed to get to the semi finals in both seasons but fell short after two losses to Toulouse Olympique.
|
[
"History\n-------",
"{{More citations needed\\|date\\=July 2020}}\n{{main\\|History of Bradford Bulls}}",
"### 1863–1907: Bradford F.C.",
"{{main\\|Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C.}}",
"The original [Bradford Football Club](/wiki/Bradford_Park_Avenue_A.F.C. \"Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C.\") was formed in 1863 and played [rugby football](/wiki/Rugby_football \"Rugby football\"), subsequently joining the [Rugby Football Union](/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union \"Rugby Football Union\"). Initially the club played at Horton Cricket Ground, All Saints Road but were asked to leave because of damage to the pitch. They then moved to Laisteridge Lane and later North Park Road in [Manningham](/wiki/Manningham%2C_Bradford \"Manningham, Bradford\"). A nomadic existence continued as they then went on to [Peel Park](/wiki/Peel_Park%2C_Bradford \"Peel Park, Bradford\"), then [Girlington](/wiki/Girlington \"Girlington\") and [Apperley Bridge](/wiki/Apperley_Bridge \"Apperley Bridge\").",
"Bradford Football Club and Bradford Cricket Club bought [Park Avenue](/wiki/Park_Avenue_%28stadium%29 \"Park Avenue (stadium)\") in 1879 and this resulted in the club becoming \"Bradford Cricket, Athletic and Football Club\". The club's headquarters were at the Talbot Darley Street, and later The Alexandra, Great Horton Road. The club achieved its first major success by winning the [Yorkshire Cup](/wiki/Yorkshire_Cup_%28rugby_union%29 \"Yorkshire Cup (rugby union)\") in 1884\\.",
"After the 1890–91 season, Bradford along with other Yorkshire Senior clubs Batley, Brighouse, Dewsbury, Halifax, Huddersfield, Hull, Hunslet, Leeds, Liversedge, Manningham and Wakefield decided that they wanted their own county league starting in 1891 along the lines of a similar competition that had been played in Lancashire. The clubs wanted full control of the league but the Yorkshire Rugby Football Union would not sanction the competition as it meant giving up control of rugby football to the senior clubs.",
"In 1895, along with cross\\-town neighbours [Manningham F.C.](/wiki/Manningham_F.C. \"Manningham F.C.\"), Bradford was among 22 clubs to secede from the [Rugby Football Union](/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union \"Rugby Football Union\") after the historic meeting at the [George Hotel](/wiki/George_Hotel%2C_Huddersfield \"George Hotel, Huddersfield\") in [Huddersfield](/wiki/Huddersfield \"Huddersfield\") in response to a dispute over \"broken time\" payments to players who were thus part\\-time professionals. These 22 clubs formed the [Northern Rugby Football Union](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League \"Rugby Football League\") (which eventually became the [Rugby Football League](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League \"Rugby Football League\")) and [rugby league](/wiki/Rugby_league \"Rugby league\") football was born.",
"Bradford enjoyed some success in the new competition. In the [1903–04 Northern Rugby Football Union season](/wiki/1903%E2%80%9304_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season \"1903–04 Northern Rugby Football Union season\"), the team finished level on points with [Salford](/wiki/Salford_Red_Devils \"Salford Red Devils\") at the top of the league and then won the resulting play\\-off 5–0\\. In [1905–06](/wiki/1905%E2%80%9306_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season \"1905–06 Northern Rugby Football Union season\"), Bradford beat Salford 5–0 to win the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup \"Challenge Cup\") and were runners\\-up in the [Championship](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League_Championship \"Rugby Football League Championship\"). In [1906–07](/wiki/1906%E2%80%9307_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season \"1906–07 Northern Rugby Football Union season\"), Bradford won the [Yorkshire](/wiki/RFL_Yorkshire_Cup \"RFL Yorkshire Cup\") [County Cup](/wiki/Rugby_league_county_cups \"Rugby league county cups\") 8–5 against [Hull Kingston Rovers](/wiki/Hull_Kingston_Rovers \"Hull Kingston Rovers\").",
"During this time Manningham F.C. had run into financial difficulties and, despite a summer archery contest that generated enough money to ensure their survival, its members were persuaded to swap codes and play association football instead. Manningham was invited to join the [Football League](/wiki/Football_League \"Football League\") in 1903, in an attempt to promote football in a rugby\\-dominated region, and the newly renamed [Bradford City A.F.C.](/wiki/Bradford_City_A.F.C. \"Bradford City A.F.C.\") was voted into full membership of the Second Division without having played a game of football, having a complete team or even being able to guarantee a ground. The creation of Bradford City led to demands for association football at Park Avenue too. The ground had already hosted some football matches including one in the 1880s between [Blackburn Rovers](/wiki/Blackburn_Rovers \"Blackburn Rovers\") and [Blackburn Olympic F.C.](/wiki/Blackburn_Olympic_F.C. \"Blackburn Olympic F.C.\") In 1895, a Bradford side had beaten a team from Moss Side, Manchester, by 4–1 in front of 3,000 spectators. Following the change at Bradford City, a meeting was called of the Bradford FC members on 15 April 1907 to decide the rugby club's future. An initial vote appeared to favour continuing in [rugby league](/wiki/Rugby_league \"Rugby league\"), but then opinion shifted towards [rugby union](/wiki/Rugby_union \"Rugby union\") and the chairman, Mr Briggs, used his influence to swing the committee behind the proposed move to association football. This act, sometimes referred to as \"The Great Betrayal\", led to Bradford FC becoming the [Bradford Park Avenue Association Football Club](/wiki/Bradford_Park_Avenue_A.F.C. \"Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C.\"). The minority faction decided to split and form a new club to continue playing in the Northern Union, appropriately called \"Bradford Northern\", which applied for and was granted Bradford FC's place in the [1907–08 Northern Rugby Football Union season](/wiki/1907%E2%80%9308_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season \"1907–08 Northern Rugby Football Union season\"). Bradford Northern's first home ground was the [Greenfield Athletic Ground](/wiki/Greenfield_Athletic_Ground \"Greenfield Athletic Ground\") in [Dudley Hill](/wiki/Dudley_Hill \"Dudley Hill\"), to the south of the city. They based themselves at the Greenfield Hotel.",
"### 1907–1963: Bradford Northern",
"Northern moved to [Birch Lane](/wiki/Birch_Lane \"Birch Lane\") in 1908\\. Bradford council offered the club a site for a new stadium between Rooley Lane and Mayo Avenue in 1927\\. However the NRFU said the site was too small and the club kept on looking. Before moving to [Odsal](/wiki/Odsal_Stadium \"Odsal Stadium\"), Bradford Northern had had two other homes at Greenfield Athletic Ground in Dudley Hill and at Birch Lane which was part of the Bowling Old Lane cricket ground, although at times they also had to hire [Valley Parade](/wiki/Valley_Parade \"Valley Parade\") as the capacity at Birch Lane was insufficient for large matches.",
"On 20 June 1933 Bradford Northern signed a ten\\-year lease with Bradford council for a former quarry being used as a waste dump at Odsal Top. It was turned into the biggest stadium outside [Wembley](/wiki/Wembley_Stadium_%281923%29 \"Wembley Stadium (1923)\"). The Bradford Northern team played its first match there on 1 September 1934\\.",
"Success came to Bradford in the 1940s with a number of cup wins: the Yorkshire cup in [1940–41](/wiki/1940%E2%80%9341_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season \"1940–41 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season\"), [1942–43](/wiki/1942%E2%80%9343_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season \"1942–43 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season\"), [1944–45](/wiki/1944%E2%80%9345_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season \"1944–45 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season\"), [1945–46](/wiki/1945%E2%80%9346_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season \"1945–46 Northern Rugby Football League season\"), [1948–49](/wiki/1948%E2%80%9349_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season \"1948–49 Northern Rugby Football League season\") and [1949–50](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season \"1949–50 Northern Rugby Football League season\"); and the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup \"Challenge Cup\") [1943–44](/wiki/1943%E2%80%9344_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season \"1943–44 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season\"), [1946–47](/wiki/1946%E2%80%9347_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season \"1946–47 Northern Rugby Football League season\") and [1948–49](/wiki/1948%E2%80%9349_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season \"1948–49 Northern Rugby Football League season\"). In the [Championship](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League_Championship \"Rugby Football League Championship\") Bradford found it difficult to win either before the war or after despite being runners up in 1942–43 and 1947–48\\. On Saturday 3 November 1945, Bradford Northern met [Wakefield Trinity](/wiki/Wakefield_Trinity \"Wakefield Trinity\") in the final of the Yorkshire Cup held at [Thrum Hall](/wiki/Thrum_Hall \"Thrum Hall\"), Halifax. Wakefield began the match as favourites, they had lost only one of thirteen matches thus far in the season. However, Bradford won 5–2 Frank Whitcombe scoring the try converted by George Carmichael and lifted the Yorkshire Cup for the fourth time in six seasons.",
"Bradford defeated Leeds 8–4 to win the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup \"Challenge Cup\") Final at Wembley in 1947\\. The 1947–48 Challenge Cup final was notable as it was the first rugby league match to be attended by the reigning monarch, [King George VI](/wiki/King_George_VI \"King George VI\"), who presented the trophy. It was also the first televised rugby league match as it was broadcast to the Midlands. Bradford lost 8–3 to [Wigan](/wiki/Wigan_Warriors \"Wigan Warriors\") and [Frank Whitcombe](/wiki/Frank_Whitcombe \"Frank Whitcombe\") became the first player to win the [Lance Todd trophy](/wiki/Lance_Todd_trophy \"Lance Todd trophy\") on the losing side. The 1949 Challenge Cup final was sold out for the first time as 95,050 spectators saw Bradford beat [Halifax](/wiki/Halifax_R.L.F.C. \"Halifax R.L.F.C.\"). In [1951–52](/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season \"1951–52 Northern Rugby Football League season\") Bradford were runners up in the league but beat [New Zealand](/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_league_team \"New Zealand national rugby league team\") at Odsal in the first floodlit football match of any code in the North of England.",
"In 1953, a crowd of 69,429 watched Bradford play [Huddersfield](/wiki/Huddersfield_Giants \"Huddersfield Giants\") in the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup \"Challenge Cup\")'s third round. This was Bradford's highest ever attendance. They also won the Yorkshire Cup final 7–2 against Hull. Bradford and [Leigh](/wiki/Leigh_Centurions \"Leigh Centurions\") were the first rugby league clubs to stage matches on a Sunday in December 1954, although there was opposition from the Sunday Observance lobby.",
"Bradford's support declined rapidly in the 1963 season, attracting a record low crowd of 324 against [Barrow](/wiki/Barrow_Raiders \"Barrow Raiders\"). The club went out of business on 10 December 1963, having played just 13 matches; winning 1 and losing 12, scoring 109 points and conceding 284, the results were declared null and void, and expunged from the [1963–64 season](/wiki/1963%E2%80%9364_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season \"1963–64 Northern Rugby Football League season\")'s records.",
"### 1964–1995: Third club",
"A meeting on 14 April 1964 saw 1,500 people turn out to discuss the formation of a new club, and those present promised a £1000 to help get plans for the new organisation underway. Amongst those who led proceedings were former players [Joe Phillips](/wiki/Joseph_Phillips_%28rugby_league%29 \"Joseph Phillips (rugby league)\") and [Trevor Foster](/wiki/Trevor_Foster \"Trevor Foster\"). On 20 July 1964, Bradford Northern (1964\\) Ltd came into existence. The club's new side had been built for around £15,000 and had [Jack Wilkinson](/wiki/Jack_Wilkinson_%28rugby_league%29 \"Jack Wilkinson (rugby league)\") as coach. On 22 August 1964, [Hull Kingston Rovers](/wiki/Hull_Kingston_Rovers \"Hull Kingston Rovers\") provided the opposition in the reformed club's first match and 14,500 spectators turned out to show their support, as Odsal hosted its first 10,000 plus gate for a Bradford Northern match since 1957\\.",
"The reformed club won its first cup in 1965–66 by beating Hunslet 17–8 in the final of the [Yorkshire](/wiki/RFL_Yorkshire_Cup \"RFL Yorkshire Cup\") [County Cup](/wiki/Rugby_league_county_cups \"Rugby league county cups\"). In 1972–73 Bradford lost the Challenge Cup final against [Featherstone Rovers](/wiki/Featherstone_Rovers \"Featherstone Rovers\") 33–14\\. In 1973–74 Bradford won the Second Division Championship and were promoted back to the First Division. During this season [Keith Mumby](/wiki/Keith_Mumby \"Keith Mumby\") made his début, becoming the Bradford's youngest player at only 16 years of age, kicking 12 goals and scoring a try in the match against [Doncaster](/wiki/Doncaster_R.L.F.C. \"Doncaster R.L.F.C.\"). He went on to make a record 576 appearances for the club. In 1974–75 Bradford won the Regal Trophy 3–2 against [Widnes](/wiki/Widnes_Vikings \"Widnes Vikings\").",
"[Peter Fox](/wiki/Peter_Fox_%28rugby_league%2C_born_1933%29 \"Peter Fox (rugby league, born 1933)\") joined Bradford as coach for the first time in 1977–78\\. Bradford won the Premiership final 17–8 against Widnes and were also Championship runners\\-up.",
"In 1978–79 Bradford appeared in another Premiership final this time losing 24–2 to [Leeds](/wiki/Leeds_Rhinos \"Leeds Rhinos\"). A year later Bradford won the Championship and Regal Trophy, Peter Fox winning the award for Coach of the Year. In 1980–81 the club made it back\\-to\\-back championships. In 1981–82, Bradford lost the Yorkshire Cup final 10–5 against [Castleford](/wiki/Castleford_Tigers \"Castleford Tigers\") and lost again in 1982–83, this time 18–7 against [Hull F.C.](/wiki/Hull_F.C. \"Hull F.C.\") Keith Mumby won the award for First Division Player of the Year while [Brian Noble](/wiki/Brian_Noble_%28rugby_league%29 \"Brian Noble (rugby league)\") won the Young Player award.",
"In 1985, [Ellery Hanley](/wiki/Ellery_Hanley \"Ellery Hanley\") left Northern to join [Wigan](/wiki/Wigan_Warriors \"Wigan Warriors\") for a then record transfer deal, worth £80,000 and a player exchange involving Steve Donlan and Phil Ford. By November 1987, Bradford had cash\\-flow problems and the local council refused to help financially, but appointed a special committee to administer the clubs' finances. In December 1987, desperate for cash, Bradford transfer\\-listed 22 players for a total of £210,000 plus Phil Ford for £120,000\\.",
"In 1987–88 Bradford won the Yorkshire Cup final replay against Castleford 11–2 after drawing 12–12\\. [Ron Willey](/wiki/Ron_Willey \"Ron Willey\") coached Bradford Northern for a short stint in 1989–90 and led them to the Premiership final and success in the Yorkshire Cup final when they beat Featherstone Rovers 20–14\\.",
"[David Hobbs](/wiki/David_Hobbs_%28rugby_league%29 \"David Hobbs (rugby league)\") became coach at Northern in 1990 until he left for [Wakefield Trinity](/wiki/Wakefield_Trinity \"Wakefield Trinity\") in 1994\\. Bradford lost the Regal Trophy against [Warrington](/wiki/Warrington_Wolves \"Warrington Wolves\") 12–2 in 1990–91\\. Peter Fox returned to Bradford for a second spell as coach in 1991, and in 1993–94, Bradford finished as runners\\-up behind Wigan on points difference. Fox left the club in 1995\\.",
"### 1996–2011: Golden era",
"In 1996, the first tier of English rugby league clubs changed from a winter to a summer season and played the inaugural [Super League](/wiki/Super_League \"Super League\") season.{{cite news \\|url\\= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/rugbys\\-pounds\\-87m\\-deal\\-gives\\-murdoch\\-transfer\\-veto\\-1526582\\.html \\|work\\= The Independent \\|title\\=Rugby's pounds 87m deal gives Murdoch transfer veto \\|first\\=Dave \\|last\\=Hadfield \\|date\\=20 December 1995\\|access\\-date\\=6 May 2009}} Bradford dropped the 'Northern' name to become Bradford Bulls. Australian Brian Smith took over as head coach in 1995, with Matthew Elliott as his assistant. The Bulls won the Super League title in the 1997 season, the last before the Play off/ Grand Final structure was implemented in 1998\\.",
"When Smith left, Elliot coached the Bradford Bulls to the 1999 Super League Grand Final and in 2000 the Bulls won the Challenge Cup for the first time in 51 years with victory over Leeds in [Edinburgh](/wiki/Edinburgh \"Edinburgh\").",
"[Brian Noble](/wiki/Brian_Noble_%28rugby_league%29 \"Brian Noble (rugby league)\") was appointed Bradford head coach in November 2000\\.{{cite news \n \\| title \\= Super League Team\\-by\\-team guide\n \\| work \\= telegraph.co.uk\n \\| publisher \\= Telegraph Media Group Limited \n \\| date \\= 1 March 2001\n\\| url \\= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/rugbyleague/2999879/Super\\-League\\-Team\\-by\\-team\\-guide.html\n \\| access\\-date \\= 10 October 2010\n\\| location\\=London}} Noble took the Bradford Bulls to the [2001 Super League Grand Final](/wiki/2001_Super_League_Grand_Final \"2001 Super League Grand Final\") in which they defeated the [Wigan Warriors](/wiki/Wigan_Warriors \"Wigan Warriors\"). As [Super League VI](/wiki/Super_League_VI \"Super League VI\") champions, the Bulls played against [2001 NRL](/wiki/2001_NRL_season \"2001 NRL season\") Premiers, the [Newcastle Knights](/wiki/Newcastle_Knights \"Newcastle Knights\") in the [2002 World Club Challenge](/wiki/2002_World_Club_Challenge \"2002 World Club Challenge\"). Noble oversaw Bradford's victory. He took the Bulls to the [2002 Super League Grand Final](/wiki/2002_Super_League_Grand_Final \"2002 Super League Grand Final\") which was lost to [St. Helens](/wiki/St_Helens_R.F.C. \"St Helens R.F.C.\").",
"On 20 April 2006, [Steve McNamara](/wiki/Steve_McNamara \"Steve McNamara\") was promoted to head coach of Bradford{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.bradfordbulls.co.uk/news/2256/McNAMARA%20IS%20NEW%20BULLS%20COACH\\|title\\=McNamara is Bulls new head coach\\|publisher\\=Bradford Bulls\\|date\\=20 April 2006\\|access\\-date\\=1 January 2012\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224002113/http://www.bradfordbulls.co.uk/news/2256/McNAMARA%20IS%20NEW%20BULLS%20COACH\\|archive\\-date\\=24 February 2012}} following [Brian Noble](/wiki/Brian_Noble_%28rugby_league%29 \"Brian Noble (rugby league)\")'s departure to [Wigan](/wiki/Wigan_Warriors \"Wigan Warriors\"). At the time he was the youngest coach in Britain. In his first season in charge, he guided Bradford to the [Super League](/wiki/Super_League \"Super League\") play\\-offs before the club were knocked out in the grand final eliminator by [Hull](/wiki/Hull_F.C. \"Hull F.C.\")",
"Following an eighth consecutive defeat, the Bulls' worst run in Super League, McNamara's contract was mutually terminated on 13 July 2010\\. [Lee St Hilaire](/wiki/Lee_St_Hilaire \"Lee St Hilaire\") was coach for the rest of the 2010 season.",
"[Mick Potter](/wiki/Michael_Potter \"Michael Potter\") became coach in 2011\\. Despite the club being placed in receivership in 2012, the team was on the verge of making the semi\\-finals of Super League as Potter remained as unpaid coach.",
"### 2012–2017: Administrations, relegation and liquidation",
"In March 2012 the club announced that it was in financial difficulties and needed £1 million to keep the club afloat.{{cite news \\|title\\=Bradford Bulls 'need £1m' to stay in business, as support pours in \\|url\\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/rugby\\-league/17521786 \\|date\\=27 March 2012\\|access\\-date\\=28 June 2012\\|newspaper\\=BBC Sport}} A public appeal saw a lot of new funds pour in from supporters, but following the issue of a [winding up](/wiki/Liquidation \"Liquidation\") petition from [HMRC](/wiki/HM_Revenue_and_Customs \"HM Revenue and Customs\") for unpaid taxes the holding company for the club was forced to go into administration on 26 June 2012\\.{{cite news \\|url\\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/rugby\\-league/18554519 \\|title\\=Bradford Bulls go into administration and face 'extinction' \\|date\\=26 June 2012\\|access\\-date\\=28 June 2012\\|newspaper\\=BBC Sport}} The Rugby Football League announced that had the company been wound up then the team would be allowed to complete their fixtures for the 2012 Super League season under the possible ownership of a supporters trust.{{cite news \\|url\\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/rugby\\-league/18609190 \\|title\\=Bradford Bulls can finish season – even if liquidated \\|date\\=27 June 2012\\|access\\-date\\=28 June 2012\\|newspaper\\=BBC Sport}} On 2 July 2012, the club's administrator, Brendan Guilfoyle, made sixteen members of staff, including the coach Mick Potter and chief executive Ryan Duckett, redundant, but announced that the club would attempt to fulfill its fixtures.{{cite news\\|first\\=Ian \\|last\\=Laybourn \\|url\\=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/rugby\\-league/bradford\\-bulls\\-make\\-16\\-redundancies\\-including\\-head\\-coach\\-mick\\-potter\\-7903974\\.html \\|title\\=Bradford Bulls make 16 redundancies, including head coach Mick Potter \\|work\\=The Independent \\|date\\=2 July 2012\\|access\\-date\\=3 July 2012}} Mick Potter continued as an unpaid coach until the end of the season. On 31 August 2012 a bid for the club from a local consortium, headed by Bradford businessman [Omar Khan](/wiki/Omar_Khan_%28businessman%29 \"Omar Khan (businessman)\"), was accepted by the administrator{{cite news \\|url\\=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/sep/01/bradford\\-bulls\\-sold\\-omar\\-khan \\|title\\=Future of Bradford Bulls resolved as Omar Khan buys club \\|date\\=1 September 2012\\|access\\-date\\= 1 September 2012\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Guardian]]}} and was ratified by the RFL in early September.{{cite news \\|url\\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/rugby\\-league/19570146 \\|title\\=Bradford Bulls: Omar Khan takeover ratified by RFL \\|newspaper\\=BBC Sport \\|date\\=12 September 2012\\|access\\-date\\=15 September 2012}} Days later the RFL also granted the new owners a one\\-year probationary licence enabling the club to compete in [Super League XVIII](/wiki/Super_League_XVIII \"Super League XVIII\") in 2013\\.{{cite news \\|url\\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/rugby\\-league/19600011 \\|title\\=Bradford Bulls: RFL grants club Super League licence \\|newspaper\\=BBC Sport \\|date\\=14 September 2012\\|access\\-date\\=15 September 2012}}",
"[Francis Cummins](/wiki/Francis_Cummins \"Francis Cummins\") was appointed as head coach of the Bulls in September 2012\\.{{cite news \\|url\\=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/rugby\\-league/new\\-bradford\\-bulls\\-head\\-coach\\-francis\\-cummins\\-is\\-ready\\-to\\-work\\-with\\-limited\\-resources\\-8144917\\.html \\|title\\=New Bradford Bulls head coach Francis Cummins is ready to work with limited resources \\|date\\=17 September 2012\\|access\\-date\\= 18 September 2013\\|first\\=Ian \\|last\\=Laybourn \\|newspaper\\=The Independent}}\nDuring the 2012/13 season the Bulls appointed Dr [Allan Johnston](/wiki/Allan_Johnston_%28psychiatrist%29 \"Allan Johnston (psychiatrist)\") to the backroom staff to support the players wellbeing and performance. This appointment was thought to be the first of its kind in Rugby League.{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.bradfordbulls.co.uk/news/post/bulls\\-appoint\\-psychiatrist\\- \\|title\\=BULLS APPOINT PSYCHIATRIST \\|publisher\\=Bradford Bulls \\|date\\=1 April 2013 \\|access\\-date\\=6 December 2016 }}{{dead link\\|date\\=December 2017 \\|bot\\=InternetArchiveBot \\|fix\\-attempted\\=yes }}\nIn late December 2013 it was announced that chairman Mark Moore and directors Ian Watt and Andrew Calvert had resigned.[\"Bradford Bulls directors quit Super League club\"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/rugby-league/25507471), *[BBC Sport](/wiki/BBC_Sport \"BBC Sport\")*, 24 December 2013\\. Retrieved 25 December 2013",
"In 2014, relegation was reintroduced to the Super League with two teams being relegated. Bradford were deducted 6 points for entering administration early on in the season and the Bulls were relegated from the top division of rugby league in Britain for the first time in 40 years. [Francis Cummins](/wiki/Francis_Cummins \"Francis Cummins\") was sacked around the time of relegation and replaced by [James Lowes](/wiki/James_Lowes \"James Lowes\") and won most of their remaining games.",
"Bradford began their first Championship campaign in 40 years against [Leigh](/wiki/Leigh_Centurions \"Leigh Centurions\") away where they narrowly lost the game. By the end of the regular season they entered the Super 8s finishing second. In the Qualifiers Bradford failed to make the top three for automatic entry to Super League for 2016, finishing 5th which meant a trip to Wakefield to play them in the first ever Million Pound Game. Bradford would lose 24–16, condemning them to a second year in the Championship.",
"In preparation for the 2016 season, Bradford completed the signings of several experienced players, such as Centre [Kris Welham](/wiki/Kris_Welham \"Kris Welham\") from [Super League](/wiki/Super_League \"Super League\") side [Hull Kingston Rovers](/wiki/Hull_Kingston_Rovers \"Hull Kingston Rovers\"), as well as [Oscar Thomas](/wiki/Oscar_Thomas \"Oscar Thomas\"), Mitch Clark, [Johnny Campbell](/wiki/Johnny_Campbell_%28rugby_league%29 \"Johnny Campbell (rugby league)\"), [Jonathan Walker](/wiki/Jonathan_Walker_%28rugby_league%29 \"Jonathan Walker (rugby league)\") and [Kurt Haggerty](/wiki/Kurt_Haggerty \"Kurt Haggerty\") from [London Broncos](/wiki/London_Broncos \"London Broncos\"), [Doncaster](/wiki/Doncaster_R.L.F.C. \"Doncaster R.L.F.C.\"), [Batley](/wiki/Batley_Bulldogs \"Batley Bulldogs\") and [Leigh](/wiki/Leigh_Centurions \"Leigh Centurions\"). Bradford started the season strongly, with a win over fellow promotion hopefuls [Featherstone Rovers](/wiki/Featherstone_Rovers \"Featherstone Rovers\") by 22–12\\. [Omari Caro](/wiki/Omari_Caro \"Omari Caro\") scored a hat\\-trick in this match. This was followed up by away wins at [Whitehaven](/wiki/Whitehaven_R.L.F.C. \"Whitehaven R.L.F.C.\") and [Swinton](/wiki/Swinton_Lions \"Swinton Lions\"). Bradford's season was ultimately disappointing with failure to reach [the Qualifiers](/wiki/The_Qualifiers \"The Qualifiers\"),{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/sport/14650320\\.Bulls\\_star\\_Mellor\\_targeting\\_unbeaten\\_end\\_to\\_campaign/?commentSort\\=score \\|title\\=Bulls star Mellor targeting unbeaten end to campaign \\|work\\=\\[\\[Telegraph \\& Argus]] \\|date\\=29 July 2016 \\|access\\-date\\=6 December 2016}} this meant Bradford would miss out on a chance of promotion",
"On 14 November 2016, Bradford Bulls were placed in administration for the third time since 2012\\.{{cite news\\|url\\=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby\\-league/37974647\\|title\\=Bradford Bulls: Championship club placed in administration for third time\\|date\\=14 November 2016\\|newspaper\\=BBC Sport\\|access\\-date\\=14 November 2016}} On 16 November, the [Rugby Football League](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League \"Rugby Football League\") (RFL) cancelled Bradford's membership, making their future uncertain. In the ensuing weeks several bids to buy the club were made but despite one bid being acceptable to the RFL, none were accepted by the administrator and the club went into liquidation on 3 January 2017\\.{{cite news \\|url\\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby\\-league/38418199 \\|title\\=Bradford Bulls: Former Super League champions liquidated \\|work\\=BBC Sport \\|date\\=3 January 2017 \\|access\\-date\\=3 January 2017}}",
"Following liquidation the RFL issued a statement saying:\n{{blockquote\\|text\\=While a number of alternatives were considered the Board was most mindful of the planning already undertaken by all other clubs in the competition structure, the season tickets already purchased and the players and staff who will now be seeking employment in and around the sport in 2017\\.",
"Accordingly the Board has agreed that the wider interests of the sport is best satisfied if it offers a place in the Kingstone Press Championship to any new club in Bradford and that such a club start the 2017 season on minus 12 points. The RFL believes that Rugby League needs Bradford and that Bradford deserves a strong and stable professional club and will work with all interested parties to deliver that outcome.{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/sport/sportbulls/14998961\\.UPDATE\\_\\_Bradford\\_Bulls\\_go\\_into\\_liquidation\\_\\_\\_MP\\_demands\\_an\\_investigation/ \\|title\\=Bradford Bulls go into liquidation – MP Judith Cummins demands an investigation \\|work\\=\\[\\[Telegraph \\& Argus]] \\|date\\=3 January 2017 \\|access\\-date\\=3 January 2017}}}}",
"### 2017–2019: Fourth club",
"After the Bulls went into liquidation in January 2017 the [Rugby Football League](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League \"Rugby Football League\") invited bids to form a new club based in Bradford who would be allowed to take the place of the Bulls in the 2017 [Championship](/wiki/Championship_%28rugby_league%29 \"Championship (rugby league)\") but started with a 12\\-point penalty deduction.",
"The RFL issued a set of criteria for anyone wishing to bid for the new club and there were 12 expressions of interest of which four were converted into bids submitted to the RFL.{{cite news \\|url\\=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jan/09/bradford\\-bulls\\-new\\-club\\-rfl\\-bids \\|title\\=RFL assesses four bids to set up new club after Bradford's liquidation \\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Guardian]] \\|date\\=9 January 2017\\|access\\-date\\=13 January 2017}} On 13 January the RFL announced that a consortium to run the new club had been selected and notified of the decision.{{cite news \\|url\\=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jan/13/rfl\\-bradford\\-bulls\\-replacement\\-rugby\\-league \\|title\\=RFL finalises deal with unnamed bidder for Bradford Bulls replacement \\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Guardian]] \\|date\\=9 January 2017\\|access\\-date\\=13 January 2017}} The new owner was publicly announced on 17 January as [Andrew Chalmers](/wiki/Andrew_Chalmers_%28rugby_league%29 \"Andrew Chalmers (rugby league)\"), the former chairman of the [New Zealand Rugby League](/wiki/New_Zealand_Rugby_League \"New Zealand Rugby League\"). Also involved is former player and coach, [Graham Lowe](/wiki/Graham_Lowe \"Graham Lowe\").{{cite news \\|url\\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby\\-league/38655920 \\|title\\=Andrew Chalmers and Graham Lowe named new Bradford club owners \\|work\\=\\[\\[BBC Sport]] \\|date\\=17 January 2017 \\|access\\-date\\=17 January 2017}}",
"The parent company of the club is registered as Bradford Bulls 2017 Limited at Companies House, and the team continue to be known as Bradford Bulls, also retaining the club colours, stadium and several players from the 2016 squad. On 20 January 2017 [Geoff Toovey](/wiki/Geoff_Toovey \"Geoff Toovey\") was named as coach and [Leon Pryce](/wiki/Leon_Pryce \"Leon Pryce\") as captain.{{cite news \\|url\\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby\\-league/38692702 \\|title\\=Geoff Toovey: Australian named coach of new Bradford Bulls \\|work\\=\\[\\[BBC Sport]] \\|date\\=20 January 2017 \\|access\\-date\\=20 January 2017}} However, a delay in processing his paperwork left Toovey unable to fulfil his role and led to Leigh Beattie being appointed as interim coach.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/sport/sportbulls/15117549\\.\\_\\_39\\_Things\\_are\\_starting\\_to\\_fall\\_into\\_place\\_\\_39\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_Leigh\\_Beattie\\_on\\_Bradford\\_Bulls\\_progress/\\|title\\= 'Things are starting to fall into place' – Leigh Beattie on Bradford Bulls progress\\|work\\=Telegraph \\& Argus \\|date\\=26 February 2017 \\|access\\-date\\=28 February 2017}}",
"Before the start of the 2018 season, the Bulls appointed the highly experienced [John Kear](/wiki/John_Kear \"John Kear\") as coach, and under his guidance, gained promotion to the Championship.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.bradfordbulls.co.uk/player\\_info?524870\\-John%20\\-Kear\\|title\\=John Kear\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217202658/https://www.bradfordbulls.co.uk/player\\_info?524870\\-John%20\\-Kear\\|archive\\-date\\=17 February 2018}}",
"### 2019–present: Move to Dewsbury and Return to Odsal",
"In August 2019, Bulls chairman Andrew Chalmers announced that the club could no longer afford to play at Odsal and were to relocate to Dewsbury for two years after the preferred alternatives, [Valley Parade](/wiki/Valley_Parade \"Valley Parade\") and [Horsfall Stadium](/wiki/Horsfall_Stadium \"Horsfall Stadium\") were deemed too expensive. On 1 September 2019, Bradford Bulls played the last game at Odsal stadium for the next year and a half, and bade a temporary farewell to the 85\\-year\\-old home ground for the team.{{cite news\\|url\\=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk\\-england\\-leeds\\-49508771\\|title\\=Bradford Bulls bid farewell to 'spiritual home' \\|date\\=1 September 2019\\| work\\=BBC News\\|access\\-date\\=3 September 2019}}\nIn November 2019, Nigel Wood, Mark Sawyer, and Eric Perez took over the ownership of the club, although Perez's involvement would only be temporary, as interim chair for a few months.{{cite web \\| title\\=Bradford Bulls' new ownership group \\| website\\=Last Word on Rugby \\| date\\=7 November 2019 \\| url\\=https://lastwordonsports.com/rugby/2019/11/07/bradford\\-bulls\\-new\\-ownership\\-group/ \\| access\\-date\\=3 May 2022}}\nThe Bulls returned to Odsal in May 2021\\. In the 2022 RFL Championship season, Bradford finished a disappointing 9th on the table.{{cite news\\|url\\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby\\-league/57228061\\|title\\=Bradford Bulls to return to Odsal Stadium after RFL deal \\|date\\=24 May 2021\\|work\\=BBC Sport\\|access\\-date\\=6 February 2022}} The 2023 RFL Championship season and the 2024 RFL Championship season showed that hope was still there as The Bulls managed to get to the semi finals in both seasons but fell short after two losses to Toulouse Olympique.",
"",
""
] |
### 1863–1907: Bradford F.C.
{{main\|Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C.}}
The original [Bradford Football Club](/wiki/Bradford_Park_Avenue_A.F.C. "Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C.") was formed in 1863 and played [rugby football](/wiki/Rugby_football "Rugby football"), subsequently joining the [Rugby Football Union](/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union "Rugby Football Union"). Initially the club played at Horton Cricket Ground, All Saints Road but were asked to leave because of damage to the pitch. They then moved to Laisteridge Lane and later North Park Road in [Manningham](/wiki/Manningham%2C_Bradford "Manningham, Bradford"). A nomadic existence continued as they then went on to [Peel Park](/wiki/Peel_Park%2C_Bradford "Peel Park, Bradford"), then [Girlington](/wiki/Girlington "Girlington") and [Apperley Bridge](/wiki/Apperley_Bridge "Apperley Bridge").
Bradford Football Club and Bradford Cricket Club bought [Park Avenue](/wiki/Park_Avenue_%28stadium%29 "Park Avenue (stadium)") in 1879 and this resulted in the club becoming "Bradford Cricket, Athletic and Football Club". The club's headquarters were at the Talbot Darley Street, and later The Alexandra, Great Horton Road. The club achieved its first major success by winning the [Yorkshire Cup](/wiki/Yorkshire_Cup_%28rugby_union%29 "Yorkshire Cup (rugby union)") in 1884\.
After the 1890–91 season, Bradford along with other Yorkshire Senior clubs Batley, Brighouse, Dewsbury, Halifax, Huddersfield, Hull, Hunslet, Leeds, Liversedge, Manningham and Wakefield decided that they wanted their own county league starting in 1891 along the lines of a similar competition that had been played in Lancashire. The clubs wanted full control of the league but the Yorkshire Rugby Football Union would not sanction the competition as it meant giving up control of rugby football to the senior clubs.
In 1895, along with cross\-town neighbours [Manningham F.C.](/wiki/Manningham_F.C. "Manningham F.C."), Bradford was among 22 clubs to secede from the [Rugby Football Union](/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union "Rugby Football Union") after the historic meeting at the [George Hotel](/wiki/George_Hotel%2C_Huddersfield "George Hotel, Huddersfield") in [Huddersfield](/wiki/Huddersfield "Huddersfield") in response to a dispute over "broken time" payments to players who were thus part\-time professionals. These 22 clubs formed the [Northern Rugby Football Union](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League "Rugby Football League") (which eventually became the [Rugby Football League](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League "Rugby Football League")) and [rugby league](/wiki/Rugby_league "Rugby league") football was born.
Bradford enjoyed some success in the new competition. In the [1903–04 Northern Rugby Football Union season](/wiki/1903%E2%80%9304_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season "1903–04 Northern Rugby Football Union season"), the team finished level on points with [Salford](/wiki/Salford_Red_Devils "Salford Red Devils") at the top of the league and then won the resulting play\-off 5–0\. In [1905–06](/wiki/1905%E2%80%9306_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season "1905–06 Northern Rugby Football Union season"), Bradford beat Salford 5–0 to win the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup "Challenge Cup") and were runners\-up in the [Championship](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League_Championship "Rugby Football League Championship"). In [1906–07](/wiki/1906%E2%80%9307_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season "1906–07 Northern Rugby Football Union season"), Bradford won the [Yorkshire](/wiki/RFL_Yorkshire_Cup "RFL Yorkshire Cup") [County Cup](/wiki/Rugby_league_county_cups "Rugby league county cups") 8–5 against [Hull Kingston Rovers](/wiki/Hull_Kingston_Rovers "Hull Kingston Rovers").
During this time Manningham F.C. had run into financial difficulties and, despite a summer archery contest that generated enough money to ensure their survival, its members were persuaded to swap codes and play association football instead. Manningham was invited to join the [Football League](/wiki/Football_League "Football League") in 1903, in an attempt to promote football in a rugby\-dominated region, and the newly renamed [Bradford City A.F.C.](/wiki/Bradford_City_A.F.C. "Bradford City A.F.C.") was voted into full membership of the Second Division without having played a game of football, having a complete team or even being able to guarantee a ground. The creation of Bradford City led to demands for association football at Park Avenue too. The ground had already hosted some football matches including one in the 1880s between [Blackburn Rovers](/wiki/Blackburn_Rovers "Blackburn Rovers") and [Blackburn Olympic F.C.](/wiki/Blackburn_Olympic_F.C. "Blackburn Olympic F.C.") In 1895, a Bradford side had beaten a team from Moss Side, Manchester, by 4–1 in front of 3,000 spectators. Following the change at Bradford City, a meeting was called of the Bradford FC members on 15 April 1907 to decide the rugby club's future. An initial vote appeared to favour continuing in [rugby league](/wiki/Rugby_league "Rugby league"), but then opinion shifted towards [rugby union](/wiki/Rugby_union "Rugby union") and the chairman, Mr Briggs, used his influence to swing the committee behind the proposed move to association football. This act, sometimes referred to as "The Great Betrayal", led to Bradford FC becoming the [Bradford Park Avenue Association Football Club](/wiki/Bradford_Park_Avenue_A.F.C. "Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C."). The minority faction decided to split and form a new club to continue playing in the Northern Union, appropriately called "Bradford Northern", which applied for and was granted Bradford FC's place in the [1907–08 Northern Rugby Football Union season](/wiki/1907%E2%80%9308_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season "1907–08 Northern Rugby Football Union season"). Bradford Northern's first home ground was the [Greenfield Athletic Ground](/wiki/Greenfield_Athletic_Ground "Greenfield Athletic Ground") in [Dudley Hill](/wiki/Dudley_Hill "Dudley Hill"), to the south of the city. They based themselves at the Greenfield Hotel.
|
[
"### 1863–1907: Bradford F.C.",
"{{main\\|Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C.}}",
"The original [Bradford Football Club](/wiki/Bradford_Park_Avenue_A.F.C. \"Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C.\") was formed in 1863 and played [rugby football](/wiki/Rugby_football \"Rugby football\"), subsequently joining the [Rugby Football Union](/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union \"Rugby Football Union\"). Initially the club played at Horton Cricket Ground, All Saints Road but were asked to leave because of damage to the pitch. They then moved to Laisteridge Lane and later North Park Road in [Manningham](/wiki/Manningham%2C_Bradford \"Manningham, Bradford\"). A nomadic existence continued as they then went on to [Peel Park](/wiki/Peel_Park%2C_Bradford \"Peel Park, Bradford\"), then [Girlington](/wiki/Girlington \"Girlington\") and [Apperley Bridge](/wiki/Apperley_Bridge \"Apperley Bridge\").",
"Bradford Football Club and Bradford Cricket Club bought [Park Avenue](/wiki/Park_Avenue_%28stadium%29 \"Park Avenue (stadium)\") in 1879 and this resulted in the club becoming \"Bradford Cricket, Athletic and Football Club\". The club's headquarters were at the Talbot Darley Street, and later The Alexandra, Great Horton Road. The club achieved its first major success by winning the [Yorkshire Cup](/wiki/Yorkshire_Cup_%28rugby_union%29 \"Yorkshire Cup (rugby union)\") in 1884\\.",
"After the 1890–91 season, Bradford along with other Yorkshire Senior clubs Batley, Brighouse, Dewsbury, Halifax, Huddersfield, Hull, Hunslet, Leeds, Liversedge, Manningham and Wakefield decided that they wanted their own county league starting in 1891 along the lines of a similar competition that had been played in Lancashire. The clubs wanted full control of the league but the Yorkshire Rugby Football Union would not sanction the competition as it meant giving up control of rugby football to the senior clubs.",
"In 1895, along with cross\\-town neighbours [Manningham F.C.](/wiki/Manningham_F.C. \"Manningham F.C.\"), Bradford was among 22 clubs to secede from the [Rugby Football Union](/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union \"Rugby Football Union\") after the historic meeting at the [George Hotel](/wiki/George_Hotel%2C_Huddersfield \"George Hotel, Huddersfield\") in [Huddersfield](/wiki/Huddersfield \"Huddersfield\") in response to a dispute over \"broken time\" payments to players who were thus part\\-time professionals. These 22 clubs formed the [Northern Rugby Football Union](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League \"Rugby Football League\") (which eventually became the [Rugby Football League](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League \"Rugby Football League\")) and [rugby league](/wiki/Rugby_league \"Rugby league\") football was born.",
"Bradford enjoyed some success in the new competition. In the [1903–04 Northern Rugby Football Union season](/wiki/1903%E2%80%9304_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season \"1903–04 Northern Rugby Football Union season\"), the team finished level on points with [Salford](/wiki/Salford_Red_Devils \"Salford Red Devils\") at the top of the league and then won the resulting play\\-off 5–0\\. In [1905–06](/wiki/1905%E2%80%9306_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season \"1905–06 Northern Rugby Football Union season\"), Bradford beat Salford 5–0 to win the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup \"Challenge Cup\") and were runners\\-up in the [Championship](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League_Championship \"Rugby Football League Championship\"). In [1906–07](/wiki/1906%E2%80%9307_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season \"1906–07 Northern Rugby Football Union season\"), Bradford won the [Yorkshire](/wiki/RFL_Yorkshire_Cup \"RFL Yorkshire Cup\") [County Cup](/wiki/Rugby_league_county_cups \"Rugby league county cups\") 8–5 against [Hull Kingston Rovers](/wiki/Hull_Kingston_Rovers \"Hull Kingston Rovers\").",
"During this time Manningham F.C. had run into financial difficulties and, despite a summer archery contest that generated enough money to ensure their survival, its members were persuaded to swap codes and play association football instead. Manningham was invited to join the [Football League](/wiki/Football_League \"Football League\") in 1903, in an attempt to promote football in a rugby\\-dominated region, and the newly renamed [Bradford City A.F.C.](/wiki/Bradford_City_A.F.C. \"Bradford City A.F.C.\") was voted into full membership of the Second Division without having played a game of football, having a complete team or even being able to guarantee a ground. The creation of Bradford City led to demands for association football at Park Avenue too. The ground had already hosted some football matches including one in the 1880s between [Blackburn Rovers](/wiki/Blackburn_Rovers \"Blackburn Rovers\") and [Blackburn Olympic F.C.](/wiki/Blackburn_Olympic_F.C. \"Blackburn Olympic F.C.\") In 1895, a Bradford side had beaten a team from Moss Side, Manchester, by 4–1 in front of 3,000 spectators. Following the change at Bradford City, a meeting was called of the Bradford FC members on 15 April 1907 to decide the rugby club's future. An initial vote appeared to favour continuing in [rugby league](/wiki/Rugby_league \"Rugby league\"), but then opinion shifted towards [rugby union](/wiki/Rugby_union \"Rugby union\") and the chairman, Mr Briggs, used his influence to swing the committee behind the proposed move to association football. This act, sometimes referred to as \"The Great Betrayal\", led to Bradford FC becoming the [Bradford Park Avenue Association Football Club](/wiki/Bradford_Park_Avenue_A.F.C. \"Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C.\"). The minority faction decided to split and form a new club to continue playing in the Northern Union, appropriately called \"Bradford Northern\", which applied for and was granted Bradford FC's place in the [1907–08 Northern Rugby Football Union season](/wiki/1907%E2%80%9308_Northern_Rugby_Football_Union_season \"1907–08 Northern Rugby Football Union season\"). Bradford Northern's first home ground was the [Greenfield Athletic Ground](/wiki/Greenfield_Athletic_Ground \"Greenfield Athletic Ground\") in [Dudley Hill](/wiki/Dudley_Hill \"Dudley Hill\"), to the south of the city. They based themselves at the Greenfield Hotel.",
""
] |
### 1907–1963: Bradford Northern
Northern moved to [Birch Lane](/wiki/Birch_Lane "Birch Lane") in 1908\. Bradford council offered the club a site for a new stadium between Rooley Lane and Mayo Avenue in 1927\. However the NRFU said the site was too small and the club kept on looking. Before moving to [Odsal](/wiki/Odsal_Stadium "Odsal Stadium"), Bradford Northern had had two other homes at Greenfield Athletic Ground in Dudley Hill and at Birch Lane which was part of the Bowling Old Lane cricket ground, although at times they also had to hire [Valley Parade](/wiki/Valley_Parade "Valley Parade") as the capacity at Birch Lane was insufficient for large matches.
On 20 June 1933 Bradford Northern signed a ten\-year lease with Bradford council for a former quarry being used as a waste dump at Odsal Top. It was turned into the biggest stadium outside [Wembley](/wiki/Wembley_Stadium_%281923%29 "Wembley Stadium (1923)"). The Bradford Northern team played its first match there on 1 September 1934\.
Success came to Bradford in the 1940s with a number of cup wins: the Yorkshire cup in [1940–41](/wiki/1940%E2%80%9341_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season "1940–41 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season"), [1942–43](/wiki/1942%E2%80%9343_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season "1942–43 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season"), [1944–45](/wiki/1944%E2%80%9345_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season "1944–45 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season"), [1945–46](/wiki/1945%E2%80%9346_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season "1945–46 Northern Rugby Football League season"), [1948–49](/wiki/1948%E2%80%9349_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season "1948–49 Northern Rugby Football League season") and [1949–50](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season "1949–50 Northern Rugby Football League season"); and the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup "Challenge Cup") [1943–44](/wiki/1943%E2%80%9344_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season "1943–44 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season"), [1946–47](/wiki/1946%E2%80%9347_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season "1946–47 Northern Rugby Football League season") and [1948–49](/wiki/1948%E2%80%9349_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season "1948–49 Northern Rugby Football League season"). In the [Championship](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League_Championship "Rugby Football League Championship") Bradford found it difficult to win either before the war or after despite being runners up in 1942–43 and 1947–48\. On Saturday 3 November 1945, Bradford Northern met [Wakefield Trinity](/wiki/Wakefield_Trinity "Wakefield Trinity") in the final of the Yorkshire Cup held at [Thrum Hall](/wiki/Thrum_Hall "Thrum Hall"), Halifax. Wakefield began the match as favourites, they had lost only one of thirteen matches thus far in the season. However, Bradford won 5–2 Frank Whitcombe scoring the try converted by George Carmichael and lifted the Yorkshire Cup for the fourth time in six seasons.
Bradford defeated Leeds 8–4 to win the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup "Challenge Cup") Final at Wembley in 1947\. The 1947–48 Challenge Cup final was notable as it was the first rugby league match to be attended by the reigning monarch, [King George VI](/wiki/King_George_VI "King George VI"), who presented the trophy. It was also the first televised rugby league match as it was broadcast to the Midlands. Bradford lost 8–3 to [Wigan](/wiki/Wigan_Warriors "Wigan Warriors") and [Frank Whitcombe](/wiki/Frank_Whitcombe "Frank Whitcombe") became the first player to win the [Lance Todd trophy](/wiki/Lance_Todd_trophy "Lance Todd trophy") on the losing side. The 1949 Challenge Cup final was sold out for the first time as 95,050 spectators saw Bradford beat [Halifax](/wiki/Halifax_R.L.F.C. "Halifax R.L.F.C."). In [1951–52](/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season "1951–52 Northern Rugby Football League season") Bradford were runners up in the league but beat [New Zealand](/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_league_team "New Zealand national rugby league team") at Odsal in the first floodlit football match of any code in the North of England.
In 1953, a crowd of 69,429 watched Bradford play [Huddersfield](/wiki/Huddersfield_Giants "Huddersfield Giants") in the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup "Challenge Cup")'s third round. This was Bradford's highest ever attendance. They also won the Yorkshire Cup final 7–2 against Hull. Bradford and [Leigh](/wiki/Leigh_Centurions "Leigh Centurions") were the first rugby league clubs to stage matches on a Sunday in December 1954, although there was opposition from the Sunday Observance lobby.
Bradford's support declined rapidly in the 1963 season, attracting a record low crowd of 324 against [Barrow](/wiki/Barrow_Raiders "Barrow Raiders"). The club went out of business on 10 December 1963, having played just 13 matches; winning 1 and losing 12, scoring 109 points and conceding 284, the results were declared null and void, and expunged from the [1963–64 season](/wiki/1963%E2%80%9364_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season "1963–64 Northern Rugby Football League season")'s records.
|
[
"### 1907–1963: Bradford Northern",
"Northern moved to [Birch Lane](/wiki/Birch_Lane \"Birch Lane\") in 1908\\. Bradford council offered the club a site for a new stadium between Rooley Lane and Mayo Avenue in 1927\\. However the NRFU said the site was too small and the club kept on looking. Before moving to [Odsal](/wiki/Odsal_Stadium \"Odsal Stadium\"), Bradford Northern had had two other homes at Greenfield Athletic Ground in Dudley Hill and at Birch Lane which was part of the Bowling Old Lane cricket ground, although at times they also had to hire [Valley Parade](/wiki/Valley_Parade \"Valley Parade\") as the capacity at Birch Lane was insufficient for large matches.",
"On 20 June 1933 Bradford Northern signed a ten\\-year lease with Bradford council for a former quarry being used as a waste dump at Odsal Top. It was turned into the biggest stadium outside [Wembley](/wiki/Wembley_Stadium_%281923%29 \"Wembley Stadium (1923)\"). The Bradford Northern team played its first match there on 1 September 1934\\.",
"Success came to Bradford in the 1940s with a number of cup wins: the Yorkshire cup in [1940–41](/wiki/1940%E2%80%9341_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season \"1940–41 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season\"), [1942–43](/wiki/1942%E2%80%9343_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season \"1942–43 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season\"), [1944–45](/wiki/1944%E2%80%9345_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season \"1944–45 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season\"), [1945–46](/wiki/1945%E2%80%9346_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season \"1945–46 Northern Rugby Football League season\"), [1948–49](/wiki/1948%E2%80%9349_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season \"1948–49 Northern Rugby Football League season\") and [1949–50](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season \"1949–50 Northern Rugby Football League season\"); and the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup \"Challenge Cup\") [1943–44](/wiki/1943%E2%80%9344_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_Wartime_Emergency_League_season \"1943–44 Northern Rugby Football League Wartime Emergency League season\"), [1946–47](/wiki/1946%E2%80%9347_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season \"1946–47 Northern Rugby Football League season\") and [1948–49](/wiki/1948%E2%80%9349_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season \"1948–49 Northern Rugby Football League season\"). In the [Championship](/wiki/Rugby_Football_League_Championship \"Rugby Football League Championship\") Bradford found it difficult to win either before the war or after despite being runners up in 1942–43 and 1947–48\\. On Saturday 3 November 1945, Bradford Northern met [Wakefield Trinity](/wiki/Wakefield_Trinity \"Wakefield Trinity\") in the final of the Yorkshire Cup held at [Thrum Hall](/wiki/Thrum_Hall \"Thrum Hall\"), Halifax. Wakefield began the match as favourites, they had lost only one of thirteen matches thus far in the season. However, Bradford won 5–2 Frank Whitcombe scoring the try converted by George Carmichael and lifted the Yorkshire Cup for the fourth time in six seasons.",
"Bradford defeated Leeds 8–4 to win the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup \"Challenge Cup\") Final at Wembley in 1947\\. The 1947–48 Challenge Cup final was notable as it was the first rugby league match to be attended by the reigning monarch, [King George VI](/wiki/King_George_VI \"King George VI\"), who presented the trophy. It was also the first televised rugby league match as it was broadcast to the Midlands. Bradford lost 8–3 to [Wigan](/wiki/Wigan_Warriors \"Wigan Warriors\") and [Frank Whitcombe](/wiki/Frank_Whitcombe \"Frank Whitcombe\") became the first player to win the [Lance Todd trophy](/wiki/Lance_Todd_trophy \"Lance Todd trophy\") on the losing side. The 1949 Challenge Cup final was sold out for the first time as 95,050 spectators saw Bradford beat [Halifax](/wiki/Halifax_R.L.F.C. \"Halifax R.L.F.C.\"). In [1951–52](/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season \"1951–52 Northern Rugby Football League season\") Bradford were runners up in the league but beat [New Zealand](/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_league_team \"New Zealand national rugby league team\") at Odsal in the first floodlit football match of any code in the North of England.",
"In 1953, a crowd of 69,429 watched Bradford play [Huddersfield](/wiki/Huddersfield_Giants \"Huddersfield Giants\") in the [Challenge Cup](/wiki/Challenge_Cup \"Challenge Cup\")'s third round. This was Bradford's highest ever attendance. They also won the Yorkshire Cup final 7–2 against Hull. Bradford and [Leigh](/wiki/Leigh_Centurions \"Leigh Centurions\") were the first rugby league clubs to stage matches on a Sunday in December 1954, although there was opposition from the Sunday Observance lobby.",
"Bradford's support declined rapidly in the 1963 season, attracting a record low crowd of 324 against [Barrow](/wiki/Barrow_Raiders \"Barrow Raiders\"). The club went out of business on 10 December 1963, having played just 13 matches; winning 1 and losing 12, scoring 109 points and conceding 284, the results were declared null and void, and expunged from the [1963–64 season](/wiki/1963%E2%80%9364_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season \"1963–64 Northern Rugby Football League season\")'s records.",
""
] |
### 1964–1995: Third club
A meeting on 14 April 1964 saw 1,500 people turn out to discuss the formation of a new club, and those present promised a £1000 to help get plans for the new organisation underway. Amongst those who led proceedings were former players [Joe Phillips](/wiki/Joseph_Phillips_%28rugby_league%29 "Joseph Phillips (rugby league)") and [Trevor Foster](/wiki/Trevor_Foster "Trevor Foster"). On 20 July 1964, Bradford Northern (1964\) Ltd came into existence. The club's new side had been built for around £15,000 and had [Jack Wilkinson](/wiki/Jack_Wilkinson_%28rugby_league%29 "Jack Wilkinson (rugby league)") as coach. On 22 August 1964, [Hull Kingston Rovers](/wiki/Hull_Kingston_Rovers "Hull Kingston Rovers") provided the opposition in the reformed club's first match and 14,500 spectators turned out to show their support, as Odsal hosted its first 10,000 plus gate for a Bradford Northern match since 1957\.
The reformed club won its first cup in 1965–66 by beating Hunslet 17–8 in the final of the [Yorkshire](/wiki/RFL_Yorkshire_Cup "RFL Yorkshire Cup") [County Cup](/wiki/Rugby_league_county_cups "Rugby league county cups"). In 1972–73 Bradford lost the Challenge Cup final against [Featherstone Rovers](/wiki/Featherstone_Rovers "Featherstone Rovers") 33–14\. In 1973–74 Bradford won the Second Division Championship and were promoted back to the First Division. During this season [Keith Mumby](/wiki/Keith_Mumby "Keith Mumby") made his début, becoming the Bradford's youngest player at only 16 years of age, kicking 12 goals and scoring a try in the match against [Doncaster](/wiki/Doncaster_R.L.F.C. "Doncaster R.L.F.C."). He went on to make a record 576 appearances for the club. In 1974–75 Bradford won the Regal Trophy 3–2 against [Widnes](/wiki/Widnes_Vikings "Widnes Vikings").
[Peter Fox](/wiki/Peter_Fox_%28rugby_league%2C_born_1933%29 "Peter Fox (rugby league, born 1933)") joined Bradford as coach for the first time in 1977–78\. Bradford won the Premiership final 17–8 against Widnes and were also Championship runners\-up.
In 1978–79 Bradford appeared in another Premiership final this time losing 24–2 to [Leeds](/wiki/Leeds_Rhinos "Leeds Rhinos"). A year later Bradford won the Championship and Regal Trophy, Peter Fox winning the award for Coach of the Year. In 1980–81 the club made it back\-to\-back championships. In 1981–82, Bradford lost the Yorkshire Cup final 10–5 against [Castleford](/wiki/Castleford_Tigers "Castleford Tigers") and lost again in 1982–83, this time 18–7 against [Hull F.C.](/wiki/Hull_F.C. "Hull F.C.") Keith Mumby won the award for First Division Player of the Year while [Brian Noble](/wiki/Brian_Noble_%28rugby_league%29 "Brian Noble (rugby league)") won the Young Player award.
In 1985, [Ellery Hanley](/wiki/Ellery_Hanley "Ellery Hanley") left Northern to join [Wigan](/wiki/Wigan_Warriors "Wigan Warriors") for a then record transfer deal, worth £80,000 and a player exchange involving Steve Donlan and Phil Ford. By November 1987, Bradford had cash\-flow problems and the local council refused to help financially, but appointed a special committee to administer the clubs' finances. In December 1987, desperate for cash, Bradford transfer\-listed 22 players for a total of £210,000 plus Phil Ford for £120,000\.
In 1987–88 Bradford won the Yorkshire Cup final replay against Castleford 11–2 after drawing 12–12\. [Ron Willey](/wiki/Ron_Willey "Ron Willey") coached Bradford Northern for a short stint in 1989–90 and led them to the Premiership final and success in the Yorkshire Cup final when they beat Featherstone Rovers 20–14\.
[David Hobbs](/wiki/David_Hobbs_%28rugby_league%29 "David Hobbs (rugby league)") became coach at Northern in 1990 until he left for [Wakefield Trinity](/wiki/Wakefield_Trinity "Wakefield Trinity") in 1994\. Bradford lost the Regal Trophy against [Warrington](/wiki/Warrington_Wolves "Warrington Wolves") 12–2 in 1990–91\. Peter Fox returned to Bradford for a second spell as coach in 1991, and in 1993–94, Bradford finished as runners\-up behind Wigan on points difference. Fox left the club in 1995\.
|
[
"### 1964–1995: Third club",
"A meeting on 14 April 1964 saw 1,500 people turn out to discuss the formation of a new club, and those present promised a £1000 to help get plans for the new organisation underway. Amongst those who led proceedings were former players [Joe Phillips](/wiki/Joseph_Phillips_%28rugby_league%29 \"Joseph Phillips (rugby league)\") and [Trevor Foster](/wiki/Trevor_Foster \"Trevor Foster\"). On 20 July 1964, Bradford Northern (1964\\) Ltd came into existence. The club's new side had been built for around £15,000 and had [Jack Wilkinson](/wiki/Jack_Wilkinson_%28rugby_league%29 \"Jack Wilkinson (rugby league)\") as coach. On 22 August 1964, [Hull Kingston Rovers](/wiki/Hull_Kingston_Rovers \"Hull Kingston Rovers\") provided the opposition in the reformed club's first match and 14,500 spectators turned out to show their support, as Odsal hosted its first 10,000 plus gate for a Bradford Northern match since 1957\\.",
"The reformed club won its first cup in 1965–66 by beating Hunslet 17–8 in the final of the [Yorkshire](/wiki/RFL_Yorkshire_Cup \"RFL Yorkshire Cup\") [County Cup](/wiki/Rugby_league_county_cups \"Rugby league county cups\"). In 1972–73 Bradford lost the Challenge Cup final against [Featherstone Rovers](/wiki/Featherstone_Rovers \"Featherstone Rovers\") 33–14\\. In 1973–74 Bradford won the Second Division Championship and were promoted back to the First Division. During this season [Keith Mumby](/wiki/Keith_Mumby \"Keith Mumby\") made his début, becoming the Bradford's youngest player at only 16 years of age, kicking 12 goals and scoring a try in the match against [Doncaster](/wiki/Doncaster_R.L.F.C. \"Doncaster R.L.F.C.\"). He went on to make a record 576 appearances for the club. In 1974–75 Bradford won the Regal Trophy 3–2 against [Widnes](/wiki/Widnes_Vikings \"Widnes Vikings\").",
"[Peter Fox](/wiki/Peter_Fox_%28rugby_league%2C_born_1933%29 \"Peter Fox (rugby league, born 1933)\") joined Bradford as coach for the first time in 1977–78\\. Bradford won the Premiership final 17–8 against Widnes and were also Championship runners\\-up.",
"In 1978–79 Bradford appeared in another Premiership final this time losing 24–2 to [Leeds](/wiki/Leeds_Rhinos \"Leeds Rhinos\"). A year later Bradford won the Championship and Regal Trophy, Peter Fox winning the award for Coach of the Year. In 1980–81 the club made it back\\-to\\-back championships. In 1981–82, Bradford lost the Yorkshire Cup final 10–5 against [Castleford](/wiki/Castleford_Tigers \"Castleford Tigers\") and lost again in 1982–83, this time 18–7 against [Hull F.C.](/wiki/Hull_F.C. \"Hull F.C.\") Keith Mumby won the award for First Division Player of the Year while [Brian Noble](/wiki/Brian_Noble_%28rugby_league%29 \"Brian Noble (rugby league)\") won the Young Player award.",
"In 1985, [Ellery Hanley](/wiki/Ellery_Hanley \"Ellery Hanley\") left Northern to join [Wigan](/wiki/Wigan_Warriors \"Wigan Warriors\") for a then record transfer deal, worth £80,000 and a player exchange involving Steve Donlan and Phil Ford. By November 1987, Bradford had cash\\-flow problems and the local council refused to help financially, but appointed a special committee to administer the clubs' finances. In December 1987, desperate for cash, Bradford transfer\\-listed 22 players for a total of £210,000 plus Phil Ford for £120,000\\.",
"In 1987–88 Bradford won the Yorkshire Cup final replay against Castleford 11–2 after drawing 12–12\\. [Ron Willey](/wiki/Ron_Willey \"Ron Willey\") coached Bradford Northern for a short stint in 1989–90 and led them to the Premiership final and success in the Yorkshire Cup final when they beat Featherstone Rovers 20–14\\.",
"[David Hobbs](/wiki/David_Hobbs_%28rugby_league%29 \"David Hobbs (rugby league)\") became coach at Northern in 1990 until he left for [Wakefield Trinity](/wiki/Wakefield_Trinity \"Wakefield Trinity\") in 1994\\. Bradford lost the Regal Trophy against [Warrington](/wiki/Warrington_Wolves \"Warrington Wolves\") 12–2 in 1990–91\\. Peter Fox returned to Bradford for a second spell as coach in 1991, and in 1993–94, Bradford finished as runners\\-up behind Wigan on points difference. Fox left the club in 1995\\.",
""
] |
Gameplay
--------
[thumb\|left\|The player views their hand and selects the "Hourglass of Courage" monster card.](/wiki/File:Yugioh_roses.jpg "Yugioh roses.jpg")
The gameplay begins with a dialogue between [Seto Kaiba](/wiki/Seto_Kaiba "Seto Kaiba") and Simon McMooran. First, McMooran allows the player to choose from several starter decks with a lead deck leader; each deck leader is dealt in threes, based on the name that McMooran requests at the beginning of the game.{{cite book\|title\=Yu\-Gi\-Oh! The Duelist of the Roses Instruction Booklet\|publisher\=\[\[Konami]]\|year\=2002}} Kaiba then allows the player to choose between two teams: the [Lancastrians](/wiki/House_of_Lancaster "House of Lancaster") (Red Rose) or the [Yorkists](/wiki/House_of_York "House of York") (White Rose). Each choice later determines which characters to face in future duels, which are displayed on a world map within the game.
Each duel takes place on a 7x7 battlefield that resembles a [chessboard](/wiki/Chessboard "Chessboard").{{cite web\|url\=https://www.ign.com/articles/2003/03/06/yu\-gi\-oh\-duelist\-of\-the\-roses\|title\=Yu\-Gi\-Oh! Duelist of the Roses\|website\=\[\[IGN]]\|date\=March 6, 2003\|accessdate\=January 26, 2024}} Each space has a unique [terrain](/wiki/Terrain "Terrain") that is specific to the character they are fighting. Different terrains (such as normal, forest, meadow, dark, sea, wasteland, mountain, toon, crush, and labyrinth) can increase or decrease different types of monsters' attack and defence by 500 points, as well as increase each character's movement space. Three terrains have special effects: labyrinth, which no cards can pass through except for a few monsters with special effects; crush, which destroys monsters with less than 1500 attack points; and toon, which weakens all monsters except toon monsters.
Each duelist includes a "Deck Leader" who is also placed on the battlefield. It represents the duelists and can move around the battlefield while being [vulnerable to attacks](/wiki/Health_%28game_terminology%29 "Health (game terminology)") from the opponent.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.gamespot.com/reviews/yu\-gi\-oh\-the\-duelists\-of\-the\-roses\-review/1900\-2911444/\|title\=Yu\-Gi\-Oh! The Duelists of the Roses Review\|website\=\[\[GameSpot]]\|date\=February 16, 2003\|accessdate\=January 27, 2024}} Each deck leader has a total of forty cards per duel; each deck has a "deck cost", which is a card's strength\-based value. For each battle, the deck must be less than a specific deck cost that is significant to the opponent. Each deck leader can play one card per turn and is placed adjacent to them. When two monster cards collide on the field, they are flipped face up, and a battle is commenced similar to the trading card game, with life points deducted accordingly. Spell and trap cards can also be placed throughout the field and activated under a variety of conditions.
The duel ends when one player's [life points](/wiki/Health_%28game_terminology%29 "Health (game terminology)") are depleted, or when a player ends a turn with their deck leader completely surrounded by enemy monsters in their summoning areas. Additionally, a duel can end after 99 turns, and the player with the most remaining life points is declared the winner. After winning the duel, players can obtain the opponents' cards that were placed in their graveyard during the duel, using a system known as "graveyard slots"; the mechanism is similar to that of [slot machines](/wiki/Slot_machine "Slot machine"). Players can also obtain cards through the "Reincarnation" system in their deck menu, which allows them to sacrifice one card in exchange for three random cards.
Monsters can be promoted throughout the game and earn [experience](/wiki/Experience_point "Experience point") by surviving each duel, destroying enemy monsters, and attacking the opposing deck leader. When a monster has gained enough experience, it is promoted to the next rank. To act as a deck leader, a monster must have been promoted at least once. Some deck leaders have unique abilities based on their type and rank, such as increasing and decreasing nearby monsters' points, increasing life points, and moving an additional space on the field.
|
[
"Gameplay\n--------",
"[thumb\\|left\\|The player views their hand and selects the \"Hourglass of Courage\" monster card.](/wiki/File:Yugioh_roses.jpg \"Yugioh roses.jpg\")",
"The gameplay begins with a dialogue between [Seto Kaiba](/wiki/Seto_Kaiba \"Seto Kaiba\") and Simon McMooran. First, McMooran allows the player to choose from several starter decks with a lead deck leader; each deck leader is dealt in threes, based on the name that McMooran requests at the beginning of the game.{{cite book\\|title\\=Yu\\-Gi\\-Oh! The Duelist of the Roses Instruction Booklet\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Konami]]\\|year\\=2002}} Kaiba then allows the player to choose between two teams: the [Lancastrians](/wiki/House_of_Lancaster \"House of Lancaster\") (Red Rose) or the [Yorkists](/wiki/House_of_York \"House of York\") (White Rose). Each choice later determines which characters to face in future duels, which are displayed on a world map within the game.",
"Each duel takes place on a 7x7 battlefield that resembles a [chessboard](/wiki/Chessboard \"Chessboard\").{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.ign.com/articles/2003/03/06/yu\\-gi\\-oh\\-duelist\\-of\\-the\\-roses\\|title\\=Yu\\-Gi\\-Oh! Duelist of the Roses\\|website\\=\\[\\[IGN]]\\|date\\=March 6, 2003\\|accessdate\\=January 26, 2024}} Each space has a unique [terrain](/wiki/Terrain \"Terrain\") that is specific to the character they are fighting. Different terrains (such as normal, forest, meadow, dark, sea, wasteland, mountain, toon, crush, and labyrinth) can increase or decrease different types of monsters' attack and defence by 500 points, as well as increase each character's movement space. Three terrains have special effects: labyrinth, which no cards can pass through except for a few monsters with special effects; crush, which destroys monsters with less than 1500 attack points; and toon, which weakens all monsters except toon monsters.",
"Each duelist includes a \"Deck Leader\" who is also placed on the battlefield. It represents the duelists and can move around the battlefield while being [vulnerable to attacks](/wiki/Health_%28game_terminology%29 \"Health (game terminology)\") from the opponent.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.gamespot.com/reviews/yu\\-gi\\-oh\\-the\\-duelists\\-of\\-the\\-roses\\-review/1900\\-2911444/\\|title\\=Yu\\-Gi\\-Oh! The Duelists of the Roses Review\\|website\\=\\[\\[GameSpot]]\\|date\\=February 16, 2003\\|accessdate\\=January 27, 2024}} Each deck leader has a total of forty cards per duel; each deck has a \"deck cost\", which is a card's strength\\-based value. For each battle, the deck must be less than a specific deck cost that is significant to the opponent. Each deck leader can play one card per turn and is placed adjacent to them. When two monster cards collide on the field, they are flipped face up, and a battle is commenced similar to the trading card game, with life points deducted accordingly. Spell and trap cards can also be placed throughout the field and activated under a variety of conditions.",
"The duel ends when one player's [life points](/wiki/Health_%28game_terminology%29 \"Health (game terminology)\") are depleted, or when a player ends a turn with their deck leader completely surrounded by enemy monsters in their summoning areas. Additionally, a duel can end after 99 turns, and the player with the most remaining life points is declared the winner. After winning the duel, players can obtain the opponents' cards that were placed in their graveyard during the duel, using a system known as \"graveyard slots\"; the mechanism is similar to that of [slot machines](/wiki/Slot_machine \"Slot machine\"). Players can also obtain cards through the \"Reincarnation\" system in their deck menu, which allows them to sacrifice one card in exchange for three random cards.",
"Monsters can be promoted throughout the game and earn [experience](/wiki/Experience_point \"Experience point\") by surviving each duel, destroying enemy monsters, and attacking the opposing deck leader. When a monster has gained enough experience, it is promoted to the next rank. To act as a deck leader, a monster must have been promoted at least once. Some deck leaders have unique abilities based on their type and rank, such as increasing and decreasing nearby monsters' points, increasing life points, and moving an additional space on the field.",
""
] |
Biography
---------
### Early life
Calandria was born on December 12, 1902, in [Canelones, Uruguay](/wiki/Canelones%2C_Uruguay "Canelones, Uruguay").{{cite web\|url\=https://autores.uy/autor/408\|title\=Juan José Calandria\|website\=Autores\|accessdate\=July 2, 2020\|language\=es}}
Upon graduating from school, he studied at the Escuela de Artes Decorativos and the Escuela Industrial in [Montevideo](/wiki/Montevideo "Montevideo"){{cite web\|url\=https://64parishes.org/entry/juan\-jos\-calandria\-and\-challis\-walker\-calandria\|title\=Juan José Calandria and Challis Walker Calandria\|website\=64 Parishes\|author\=John R. Kemp\|accessdate\=July 2, 2020}} with an architectural career in mind. He became so interested in sculpture, however, that he soon devoted his entire time to studies in that field.
By the time he was eighteen, Calandria had had a one\-man show with ensuing honors and commissions. At this time, he also won the most important art scholarship offered in Uruguay—a four\-year period of study abroad. When it was decided that he was too young to accept this honor, he was not discouraged. He continued his studies and won the award again when he was twenty\-two. He won his first gold medal and the Grand Prize at the Exposición Agropecuria e Industrial in Canelones, Uruguay.
### Career
[thumb\|left\|upright\=0\.75\|Juan José Calandria \- 1962](/wiki/File:Sculptor_Juan_Jose_Calandria.jpg "Sculptor Juan Jose Calandria.jpg")
After extensive travels in [Europe](/wiki/Europe "Europe"), Calandria settled in [Paris](/wiki/Paris "Paris") where he stayed for the next fourteen years, working under the guidance of [Antoine Bourdelle](/wiki/Antoine_Bourdelle "Antoine Bourdelle"), [Charles Despiau](/wiki/Charles_Despiau "Charles Despiau") and [Marcel Gimond](/wiki/Marcel_Gimond "Marcel Gimond"). He soon became Gimond's assistant at the Académie Colarassi and also held classes in his own studio. Calandria was awarded the gold medal at the [1937 Paris Exhibition](/wiki/1937_Paris_Exhibition "1937 Paris Exhibition"), where several of his sculptures were on exhibit in the Uruguayan Pavilion. His work was well known and admired in the French capital by 1939, where he exhibited in many galleries, the [Salon des Tuileries](/wiki/Salon_des_Tuileries "Salon des Tuileries") and [Printemps](/wiki/Printemps "Printemps"), and the Exposition des Artistes Contemporains, the latter a great honor.
War was declared while Calandria was vacationing in [Greece](/wiki/Greece "Greece"). He sailed at once for [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City "New York City"), spending nearly a year there and exhibiting several times. Thereafter, he went back to Uruguay and in 1941 was appointed Consul to [New Orleans](/wiki/New_Orleans "New Orleans"). He was married that same year in New York to [Challis Walker](/wiki/Challis_Walker "Challis Walker") and moved to the south were the Calandrias have lived ever since.
Calandria has exhibited his paintings and sculpture in North and South America and in Europe.
When he retired from Consular duties in 1958, he was then free to give all of his time to his art, which flourished both in quality and success. At about the same time, his work became increasingly abstract and remained so during his lifetime.
He taught sculpture in Paris, drawing at the [New Orleans Arts and Crafts Club](/wiki/New_Orleans_Arts_and_Crafts_Club "New Orleans Arts and Crafts Club") in New Orleans during World War II, and held classes in painting and sculpture for adults and children in his Pontalba studio in the [French Quarter](/wiki/French_Quarter "French Quarter"). Later, he held classes in sculpture for several years in the Calandria School of Painting and Sculpture located at Gallier Hall and, thereafter, in his Jefferson Avenue studio. He also gave lectures and demonstrations in the New Orleans area.
His exhibition at the [International Trade Mart](/wiki/International_Trade_Mart "International Trade Mart") was his last large and major exhibition. Plagued with arthritis, he nevertheless continued to work on his knees, as any other position was impossible. Forced to stop sculpture, he continued to paint prolifically and was more than prepared for another large one\-man show. However, in 1978, a new illness set in. Another exhibition would have been too difficult and during the last two years of his life, he stopped painting altogether. He died on July 18, 1980\.
He was the first New Orleans artist to have his work, in this case a sculpture, purchased for the [New Orleans Museum of Art](/wiki/New_Orleans_Museum_of_Art "New Orleans Museum of Art")'s permanent collection.
This biography was written by Challis Walker Calandria, the wife of Juan Jose Calandria, and provided to Wikipedia by his son Andres Calandria.
|
[
"Biography\n---------",
"### Early life",
"Calandria was born on December 12, 1902, in [Canelones, Uruguay](/wiki/Canelones%2C_Uruguay \"Canelones, Uruguay\").{{cite web\\|url\\=https://autores.uy/autor/408\\|title\\=Juan José Calandria\\|website\\=Autores\\|accessdate\\=July 2, 2020\\|language\\=es}}",
"Upon graduating from school, he studied at the Escuela de Artes Decorativos and the Escuela Industrial in [Montevideo](/wiki/Montevideo \"Montevideo\"){{cite web\\|url\\=https://64parishes.org/entry/juan\\-jos\\-calandria\\-and\\-challis\\-walker\\-calandria\\|title\\=Juan José Calandria and Challis Walker Calandria\\|website\\=64 Parishes\\|author\\=John R. Kemp\\|accessdate\\=July 2, 2020}} with an architectural career in mind. He became so interested in sculpture, however, that he soon devoted his entire time to studies in that field.",
"By the time he was eighteen, Calandria had had a one\\-man show with ensuing honors and commissions. At this time, he also won the most important art scholarship offered in Uruguay—a four\\-year period of study abroad. When it was decided that he was too young to accept this honor, he was not discouraged. He continued his studies and won the award again when he was twenty\\-two. He won his first gold medal and the Grand Prize at the Exposición Agropecuria e Industrial in Canelones, Uruguay.",
"### Career",
"[thumb\\|left\\|upright\\=0\\.75\\|Juan José Calandria \\- 1962](/wiki/File:Sculptor_Juan_Jose_Calandria.jpg \"Sculptor Juan Jose Calandria.jpg\")\nAfter extensive travels in [Europe](/wiki/Europe \"Europe\"), Calandria settled in [Paris](/wiki/Paris \"Paris\") where he stayed for the next fourteen years, working under the guidance of [Antoine Bourdelle](/wiki/Antoine_Bourdelle \"Antoine Bourdelle\"), [Charles Despiau](/wiki/Charles_Despiau \"Charles Despiau\") and [Marcel Gimond](/wiki/Marcel_Gimond \"Marcel Gimond\"). He soon became Gimond's assistant at the Académie Colarassi and also held classes in his own studio. Calandria was awarded the gold medal at the [1937 Paris Exhibition](/wiki/1937_Paris_Exhibition \"1937 Paris Exhibition\"), where several of his sculptures were on exhibit in the Uruguayan Pavilion. His work was well known and admired in the French capital by 1939, where he exhibited in many galleries, the [Salon des Tuileries](/wiki/Salon_des_Tuileries \"Salon des Tuileries\") and [Printemps](/wiki/Printemps \"Printemps\"), and the Exposition des Artistes Contemporains, the latter a great honor.",
"War was declared while Calandria was vacationing in [Greece](/wiki/Greece \"Greece\"). He sailed at once for [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\"), spending nearly a year there and exhibiting several times. Thereafter, he went back to Uruguay and in 1941 was appointed Consul to [New Orleans](/wiki/New_Orleans \"New Orleans\"). He was married that same year in New York to [Challis Walker](/wiki/Challis_Walker \"Challis Walker\") and moved to the south were the Calandrias have lived ever since.",
"Calandria has exhibited his paintings and sculpture in North and South America and in Europe.",
"When he retired from Consular duties in 1958, he was then free to give all of his time to his art, which flourished both in quality and success. At about the same time, his work became increasingly abstract and remained so during his lifetime.",
"He taught sculpture in Paris, drawing at the [New Orleans Arts and Crafts Club](/wiki/New_Orleans_Arts_and_Crafts_Club \"New Orleans Arts and Crafts Club\") in New Orleans during World War II, and held classes in painting and sculpture for adults and children in his Pontalba studio in the [French Quarter](/wiki/French_Quarter \"French Quarter\"). Later, he held classes in sculpture for several years in the Calandria School of Painting and Sculpture located at Gallier Hall and, thereafter, in his Jefferson Avenue studio. He also gave lectures and demonstrations in the New Orleans area.",
"His exhibition at the [International Trade Mart](/wiki/International_Trade_Mart \"International Trade Mart\") was his last large and major exhibition. Plagued with arthritis, he nevertheless continued to work on his knees, as any other position was impossible. Forced to stop sculpture, he continued to paint prolifically and was more than prepared for another large one\\-man show. However, in 1978, a new illness set in. Another exhibition would have been too difficult and during the last two years of his life, he stopped painting altogether. He died on July 18, 1980\\.",
"He was the first New Orleans artist to have his work, in this case a sculpture, purchased for the [New Orleans Museum of Art](/wiki/New_Orleans_Museum_of_Art \"New Orleans Museum of Art\")'s permanent collection.",
"This biography was written by Challis Walker Calandria, the wife of Juan Jose Calandria, and provided to Wikipedia by his son Andres Calandria.",
""
] |
### Career
[thumb\|left\|upright\=0\.75\|Juan José Calandria \- 1962](/wiki/File:Sculptor_Juan_Jose_Calandria.jpg "Sculptor Juan Jose Calandria.jpg")
After extensive travels in [Europe](/wiki/Europe "Europe"), Calandria settled in [Paris](/wiki/Paris "Paris") where he stayed for the next fourteen years, working under the guidance of [Antoine Bourdelle](/wiki/Antoine_Bourdelle "Antoine Bourdelle"), [Charles Despiau](/wiki/Charles_Despiau "Charles Despiau") and [Marcel Gimond](/wiki/Marcel_Gimond "Marcel Gimond"). He soon became Gimond's assistant at the Académie Colarassi and also held classes in his own studio. Calandria was awarded the gold medal at the [1937 Paris Exhibition](/wiki/1937_Paris_Exhibition "1937 Paris Exhibition"), where several of his sculptures were on exhibit in the Uruguayan Pavilion. His work was well known and admired in the French capital by 1939, where he exhibited in many galleries, the [Salon des Tuileries](/wiki/Salon_des_Tuileries "Salon des Tuileries") and [Printemps](/wiki/Printemps "Printemps"), and the Exposition des Artistes Contemporains, the latter a great honor.
War was declared while Calandria was vacationing in [Greece](/wiki/Greece "Greece"). He sailed at once for [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City "New York City"), spending nearly a year there and exhibiting several times. Thereafter, he went back to Uruguay and in 1941 was appointed Consul to [New Orleans](/wiki/New_Orleans "New Orleans"). He was married that same year in New York to [Challis Walker](/wiki/Challis_Walker "Challis Walker") and moved to the south were the Calandrias have lived ever since.
Calandria has exhibited his paintings and sculpture in North and South America and in Europe.
When he retired from Consular duties in 1958, he was then free to give all of his time to his art, which flourished both in quality and success. At about the same time, his work became increasingly abstract and remained so during his lifetime.
He taught sculpture in Paris, drawing at the [New Orleans Arts and Crafts Club](/wiki/New_Orleans_Arts_and_Crafts_Club "New Orleans Arts and Crafts Club") in New Orleans during World War II, and held classes in painting and sculpture for adults and children in his Pontalba studio in the [French Quarter](/wiki/French_Quarter "French Quarter"). Later, he held classes in sculpture for several years in the Calandria School of Painting and Sculpture located at Gallier Hall and, thereafter, in his Jefferson Avenue studio. He also gave lectures and demonstrations in the New Orleans area.
His exhibition at the [International Trade Mart](/wiki/International_Trade_Mart "International Trade Mart") was his last large and major exhibition. Plagued with arthritis, he nevertheless continued to work on his knees, as any other position was impossible. Forced to stop sculpture, he continued to paint prolifically and was more than prepared for another large one\-man show. However, in 1978, a new illness set in. Another exhibition would have been too difficult and during the last two years of his life, he stopped painting altogether. He died on July 18, 1980\.
He was the first New Orleans artist to have his work, in this case a sculpture, purchased for the [New Orleans Museum of Art](/wiki/New_Orleans_Museum_of_Art "New Orleans Museum of Art")'s permanent collection.
This biography was written by Challis Walker Calandria, the wife of Juan Jose Calandria, and provided to Wikipedia by his son Andres Calandria.
|
[
"### Career",
"[thumb\\|left\\|upright\\=0\\.75\\|Juan José Calandria \\- 1962](/wiki/File:Sculptor_Juan_Jose_Calandria.jpg \"Sculptor Juan Jose Calandria.jpg\")\nAfter extensive travels in [Europe](/wiki/Europe \"Europe\"), Calandria settled in [Paris](/wiki/Paris \"Paris\") where he stayed for the next fourteen years, working under the guidance of [Antoine Bourdelle](/wiki/Antoine_Bourdelle \"Antoine Bourdelle\"), [Charles Despiau](/wiki/Charles_Despiau \"Charles Despiau\") and [Marcel Gimond](/wiki/Marcel_Gimond \"Marcel Gimond\"). He soon became Gimond's assistant at the Académie Colarassi and also held classes in his own studio. Calandria was awarded the gold medal at the [1937 Paris Exhibition](/wiki/1937_Paris_Exhibition \"1937 Paris Exhibition\"), where several of his sculptures were on exhibit in the Uruguayan Pavilion. His work was well known and admired in the French capital by 1939, where he exhibited in many galleries, the [Salon des Tuileries](/wiki/Salon_des_Tuileries \"Salon des Tuileries\") and [Printemps](/wiki/Printemps \"Printemps\"), and the Exposition des Artistes Contemporains, the latter a great honor.",
"War was declared while Calandria was vacationing in [Greece](/wiki/Greece \"Greece\"). He sailed at once for [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\"), spending nearly a year there and exhibiting several times. Thereafter, he went back to Uruguay and in 1941 was appointed Consul to [New Orleans](/wiki/New_Orleans \"New Orleans\"). He was married that same year in New York to [Challis Walker](/wiki/Challis_Walker \"Challis Walker\") and moved to the south were the Calandrias have lived ever since.",
"Calandria has exhibited his paintings and sculpture in North and South America and in Europe.",
"When he retired from Consular duties in 1958, he was then free to give all of his time to his art, which flourished both in quality and success. At about the same time, his work became increasingly abstract and remained so during his lifetime.",
"He taught sculpture in Paris, drawing at the [New Orleans Arts and Crafts Club](/wiki/New_Orleans_Arts_and_Crafts_Club \"New Orleans Arts and Crafts Club\") in New Orleans during World War II, and held classes in painting and sculpture for adults and children in his Pontalba studio in the [French Quarter](/wiki/French_Quarter \"French Quarter\"). Later, he held classes in sculpture for several years in the Calandria School of Painting and Sculpture located at Gallier Hall and, thereafter, in his Jefferson Avenue studio. He also gave lectures and demonstrations in the New Orleans area.",
"His exhibition at the [International Trade Mart](/wiki/International_Trade_Mart \"International Trade Mart\") was his last large and major exhibition. Plagued with arthritis, he nevertheless continued to work on his knees, as any other position was impossible. Forced to stop sculpture, he continued to paint prolifically and was more than prepared for another large one\\-man show. However, in 1978, a new illness set in. Another exhibition would have been too difficult and during the last two years of his life, he stopped painting altogether. He died on July 18, 1980\\.",
"He was the first New Orleans artist to have his work, in this case a sculpture, purchased for the [New Orleans Museum of Art](/wiki/New_Orleans_Museum_of_Art \"New Orleans Museum of Art\")'s permanent collection.",
"This biography was written by Challis Walker Calandria, the wife of Juan Jose Calandria, and provided to Wikipedia by his son Andres Calandria.",
""
] |
History
-------
The 3rd district is on the dividing line between counties and towns that favored or opposed Southern secession in the [Civil War](/wiki/American_Civil_War "American Civil War"). [George Washington Bridges](/wiki/George_Washington_Bridges "George Washington Bridges") was elected as a [Unionist](/wiki/Unionist_politician_%28American_Civil_War%29 "Unionist politician (American Civil War)") (the name used by a coalition of Republicans and [War Democrats](/wiki/War_Democrat "War Democrat")) to the [Thirty\-seventh Congress](/wiki/Thirty-seventh_United_States_Congress "Thirty-seventh United States Congress"), but he was arrested by [Confederate](/wiki/Confederate_States_Army "Confederate States Army") troops while en route to [Washington, D.C.](/wiki/Washington%2C_D.C. "Washington, D.C."), and taken back to Tennessee. Bridges was held prisoner for more than a year before he escaped and went to Washington, D.C., and assumed his duties on February 23, 1863; serving until March 3, 1863\.
During much of the 20th century, southeastern Tennessee was the only portion of traditionally heavily [Republican](/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party "United States Republican Party") [East Tennessee](/wiki/East_Tennessee "East Tennessee") where [Democrats](/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party "United States Democratic Party") were able to compete on a more\-or\-less even basis. The Chattanooga papers—the moderate\-to\-progressive *Times* and the archconservative *Free Press* (now consolidated into the [Chattanooga Times Free Press](/wiki/Chattanooga_Times_Free_Press "Chattanooga Times Free Press"))—printed diametrically opposed political editorials. The northern counties have predominantly voted Republican since the 1860s, in a manner similar to their neighbors in the present [1st](/wiki/Tennessee%27s_1st_congressional_district "Tennessee's 1st congressional district") and [2nd](/wiki/Tennessee%27s_2nd_congressional_district "Tennessee's 2nd congressional district") districts. However, Democrats have received some support in [coal mining](/wiki/Coal_mining "Coal mining") areas (dating from the [Great Depression](/wiki/Great_Depression "Great Depression")). Also, in the years since [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II "World War II"), the government\-founded city of [Oak Ridge](/wiki/Oak_Ridge%2C_Tennessee "Oak Ridge, Tennessee"), with its active [labor unions](/wiki/Labor_union "Labor union") and a population largely derived from outside the region, has been a source of potential Democratic votes.
This balance showed signs of changing beginning in the late 1950s, when rural and working\-class whites began splitting their tickets in national elections to support [Dwight Eisenhower](/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower "Dwight Eisenhower") and [Barry Goldwater](/wiki/Barry_Goldwater "Barry Goldwater"). In later years, the district warmly supported [George Wallace](/wiki/George_Wallace "George Wallace") in his third\-party run for president in 1968, and gave equally strong support to [Richard Nixon](/wiki/Richard_Nixon "Richard Nixon") and [Ronald Reagan](/wiki/Ronald_Reagan "Ronald Reagan"), as well as [Governors](/wiki/Governor_of_Tennessee "Governor of Tennessee") [Winfield Dunn](/wiki/Winfield_Dunn "Winfield Dunn") and [Lamar Alexander](/wiki/Lamar_Alexander "Lamar Alexander"). The district has only supported a Democrat for president twice in the last half century, in 1956 and 1992\. Even in those cases, that support was almost entirely attributable to the presence of native sons as [vice presidential](/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States "Vice President of the United States") candidates. In 1956, Senator [Estes Kefauver](/wiki/Estes_Kefauver "Estes Kefauver"), who had represented the 3rd from 1939 to 1949, was the Democratic vice presidential candidate. In 1992, Senator [Al Gore](/wiki/Al_Gore "Al Gore") was [Bill Clinton](/wiki/Bill_Clinton "Bill Clinton")'s running mate, but even with Gore's presence, the Democrats only carried the 3rd by 39 votes out of 225,000 cast.
Even as the district became friendlier to Republicans at the national level, Democrats still held their own at the local level. This trend was broken when Republican [Bill Brock](/wiki/Bill_Brock "Bill Brock") won the congressional seat in 1962, ending a 40\-year run by Democrats. He handed the seat to fellow Republican [LaMar Baker](/wiki/LaMar_Baker "LaMar Baker") in 1971\. However, conservative Democrat [Marilyn Lloyd](/wiki/Marilyn_Lloyd "Marilyn Lloyd") (the widow of a popular television news anchorman in Chattanooga) regained it in 1974 and held it for 20 years. As late as the early 1990s, area Democrats held at least half the local offices in the region, particularly in the southern portion.
As the 1990s wore on, Democrats slowly began losing even county and local offices that they had held for generations. This trend actually began as early as 1992, when Lloyd barely held onto her seat against Republican [Zach Wamp](/wiki/Zach_Wamp "Zach Wamp"). Lloyd retired in 1994, and Wamp narrowly won the race to succeed her as part of that year's massive GOP wave. Wamp was handily reelected in 1996, and the Republicans have held it without serious difficulty since then. Indeed, the Democrats have only cleared 40 percent of the vote twice since Lloyd retired. Redistricting after the 2010 census consolidated the Republican hold on the seat, and it is now one of the most Republican districts in the nation.
Democrats still remain competitive in some local\- and state\-level races, particularly in Chattanooga and Oak Ridge. Chattanooga also sends some Democrats to the state legislature. However, even moderately liberal politics are a very hard sell, and most of the area's Democrats—particularly outside Chattanooga—are quite conservative on social issues. The 3rd district is home to several [Evangelical](/wiki/Evangelical "Evangelical") [Protestant](/wiki/Protestant "Protestant") denominations and colleges, contributing to the area's social conservatism.
After Wamp's January 2009 announcement that he would run for governor in 2010 instead of seeking re\-election, several candidates announced campaigns for the seat. As of March 2010, the Republican field included former state party chairwoman Robin Smith, Air Force [Captain](/wiki/Captain_%28land%29 "Captain (land)") Rick Kernea, Tommy Crangle, Chattanooga attorney [Chuck Fleischmann](/wiki/Chuck_Fleischmann "Chuck Fleischmann"), Bradley County [sheriff](/wiki/Sheriff "Sheriff") Tim Gobble, Art Rhodes, Van Irion, and [Basil Marceaux](/wiki/Basil_Marceaux "Basil Marceaux"). Fleischmann won the August 5, 2010 primary with about 28% of the total vote.[Republican Primary Unofficial Results](http://www.tennessee.gov/sos/election/results/Rep%20GovUSHouseTotal.pdf), Tennessee Election Commission website, accessed August 6, 2010Larry Henry, [Fleischmann beats Smith in 3rd District](http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2010/aug/06/fleischmann-beats-smith-3rd-district/), *[Chattanooga Times Free Press](/wiki/Chattanooga_Times_Free_Press "Chattanooga Times Free Press")*, August 6, 2010 Democratic candidates as of October 2009 were Paula Flowers of Oak Ridge, a former member of Governor [Phil Bredesen](/wiki/Phil_Bredesen "Phil Bredesen")'s cabinet, and former [Libertarian Party](/wiki/Libertarian_Party_%28United_States%29 "Libertarian Party (United States)") member Brent Benedict, who won the 2006 Democratic [primary](/wiki/Partisan_primary "Partisan primary") for the seat but lost the general election to Wamp.[3rd District hopefuls tout finances](http://www.allbusiness.com/government/elections-politics-campaigns-elections/13234988-1.html), AllBusiness.com website, attributed to *Chattanooga Times Free Press*, October 17, 2009Tom Humphrey, [Congressional candidate money notes](http://blogs.knoxnews.com/humphrey/2009/10/congressional-candidate-money.html), Humphrey on the Hill, *Knoxville News Sentinel* website, October 15, 2009Joe Lance, [What Kind of Democrat Will Win the Third District Primary?](http://chattarati.com/2009/09/28/what-kind-of-democrat-will-win-the-third-district-primary/), September 28, 2009 Both of those Democrats later abandoned their campaigns, but four other candidates placed their names on the ballot for the August 2010 Democratic primary: Alicia Mitchell of Oak Ridge, Brenda Freeman Short of East Ridge, and Brent Staton and [John Wolfe](/wiki/John_Wolfe_%28politician%29 "John Wolfe (politician)") of Chattanooga. Wolfe was the winner in the August 5, 2010 primary.[Democratic Primary Unofficial Results](http://www.tennessee.gov/sos/election/results/Dem%20GovUSHouse%20Total.pdf), Tennessee Election Commission website, accessed August 6, 2010 Six independents also filed petitions to appear on the November 2010 ballot: Don Barkman, Mark DeVol, Gregory C. Goodwin, Robert Humphries, Mo Kiah and Savas T. Kyriakidis.[Official List of 2010 Candidates](http://tnsos.org/elections/2010CandidatesStatewide.php?showall), Tennessee Department of State \- Division of Elections, May 7, 2010 Republican nominee [Chuck Fleischmann](/wiki/Chuck_Fleischmann "Chuck Fleischmann") won the general election in November 2010 with 57% of the vote, trailed by Democrat [John Wolfe](/wiki/John_Wolfe_%28politician%29 "John Wolfe (politician)") with 28%, and independent Savas Kyriakidis with 10%.[2010 Congressional Election Results: Tennessee District 3](https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/politics/2010-race-maps/house/), Washington Post, accessed December 9, 2010
|
[
"History\n-------",
"The 3rd district is on the dividing line between counties and towns that favored or opposed Southern secession in the [Civil War](/wiki/American_Civil_War \"American Civil War\"). [George Washington Bridges](/wiki/George_Washington_Bridges \"George Washington Bridges\") was elected as a [Unionist](/wiki/Unionist_politician_%28American_Civil_War%29 \"Unionist politician (American Civil War)\") (the name used by a coalition of Republicans and [War Democrats](/wiki/War_Democrat \"War Democrat\")) to the [Thirty\\-seventh Congress](/wiki/Thirty-seventh_United_States_Congress \"Thirty-seventh United States Congress\"), but he was arrested by [Confederate](/wiki/Confederate_States_Army \"Confederate States Army\") troops while en route to [Washington, D.C.](/wiki/Washington%2C_D.C. \"Washington, D.C.\"), and taken back to Tennessee. Bridges was held prisoner for more than a year before he escaped and went to Washington, D.C., and assumed his duties on February 23, 1863; serving until March 3, 1863\\.",
"During much of the 20th century, southeastern Tennessee was the only portion of traditionally heavily [Republican](/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party \"United States Republican Party\") [East Tennessee](/wiki/East_Tennessee \"East Tennessee\") where [Democrats](/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party \"United States Democratic Party\") were able to compete on a more\\-or\\-less even basis. The Chattanooga papers—the moderate\\-to\\-progressive *Times* and the archconservative *Free Press* (now consolidated into the [Chattanooga Times Free Press](/wiki/Chattanooga_Times_Free_Press \"Chattanooga Times Free Press\"))—printed diametrically opposed political editorials. The northern counties have predominantly voted Republican since the 1860s, in a manner similar to their neighbors in the present [1st](/wiki/Tennessee%27s_1st_congressional_district \"Tennessee's 1st congressional district\") and [2nd](/wiki/Tennessee%27s_2nd_congressional_district \"Tennessee's 2nd congressional district\") districts. However, Democrats have received some support in [coal mining](/wiki/Coal_mining \"Coal mining\") areas (dating from the [Great Depression](/wiki/Great_Depression \"Great Depression\")). Also, in the years since [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\"), the government\\-founded city of [Oak Ridge](/wiki/Oak_Ridge%2C_Tennessee \"Oak Ridge, Tennessee\"), with its active [labor unions](/wiki/Labor_union \"Labor union\") and a population largely derived from outside the region, has been a source of potential Democratic votes.",
"This balance showed signs of changing beginning in the late 1950s, when rural and working\\-class whites began splitting their tickets in national elections to support [Dwight Eisenhower](/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower \"Dwight Eisenhower\") and [Barry Goldwater](/wiki/Barry_Goldwater \"Barry Goldwater\"). In later years, the district warmly supported [George Wallace](/wiki/George_Wallace \"George Wallace\") in his third\\-party run for president in 1968, and gave equally strong support to [Richard Nixon](/wiki/Richard_Nixon \"Richard Nixon\") and [Ronald Reagan](/wiki/Ronald_Reagan \"Ronald Reagan\"), as well as [Governors](/wiki/Governor_of_Tennessee \"Governor of Tennessee\") [Winfield Dunn](/wiki/Winfield_Dunn \"Winfield Dunn\") and [Lamar Alexander](/wiki/Lamar_Alexander \"Lamar Alexander\"). The district has only supported a Democrat for president twice in the last half century, in 1956 and 1992\\. Even in those cases, that support was almost entirely attributable to the presence of native sons as [vice presidential](/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States \"Vice President of the United States\") candidates. In 1956, Senator [Estes Kefauver](/wiki/Estes_Kefauver \"Estes Kefauver\"), who had represented the 3rd from 1939 to 1949, was the Democratic vice presidential candidate. In 1992, Senator [Al Gore](/wiki/Al_Gore \"Al Gore\") was [Bill Clinton](/wiki/Bill_Clinton \"Bill Clinton\")'s running mate, but even with Gore's presence, the Democrats only carried the 3rd by 39 votes out of 225,000 cast.",
"Even as the district became friendlier to Republicans at the national level, Democrats still held their own at the local level. This trend was broken when Republican [Bill Brock](/wiki/Bill_Brock \"Bill Brock\") won the congressional seat in 1962, ending a 40\\-year run by Democrats. He handed the seat to fellow Republican [LaMar Baker](/wiki/LaMar_Baker \"LaMar Baker\") in 1971\\. However, conservative Democrat [Marilyn Lloyd](/wiki/Marilyn_Lloyd \"Marilyn Lloyd\") (the widow of a popular television news anchorman in Chattanooga) regained it in 1974 and held it for 20 years. As late as the early 1990s, area Democrats held at least half the local offices in the region, particularly in the southern portion.",
"As the 1990s wore on, Democrats slowly began losing even county and local offices that they had held for generations. This trend actually began as early as 1992, when Lloyd barely held onto her seat against Republican [Zach Wamp](/wiki/Zach_Wamp \"Zach Wamp\"). Lloyd retired in 1994, and Wamp narrowly won the race to succeed her as part of that year's massive GOP wave. Wamp was handily reelected in 1996, and the Republicans have held it without serious difficulty since then. Indeed, the Democrats have only cleared 40 percent of the vote twice since Lloyd retired. Redistricting after the 2010 census consolidated the Republican hold on the seat, and it is now one of the most Republican districts in the nation.",
"Democrats still remain competitive in some local\\- and state\\-level races, particularly in Chattanooga and Oak Ridge. Chattanooga also sends some Democrats to the state legislature. However, even moderately liberal politics are a very hard sell, and most of the area's Democrats—particularly outside Chattanooga—are quite conservative on social issues. The 3rd district is home to several [Evangelical](/wiki/Evangelical \"Evangelical\") [Protestant](/wiki/Protestant \"Protestant\") denominations and colleges, contributing to the area's social conservatism.",
"After Wamp's January 2009 announcement that he would run for governor in 2010 instead of seeking re\\-election, several candidates announced campaigns for the seat. As of March 2010, the Republican field included former state party chairwoman Robin Smith, Air Force [Captain](/wiki/Captain_%28land%29 \"Captain (land)\") Rick Kernea, Tommy Crangle, Chattanooga attorney [Chuck Fleischmann](/wiki/Chuck_Fleischmann \"Chuck Fleischmann\"), Bradley County [sheriff](/wiki/Sheriff \"Sheriff\") Tim Gobble, Art Rhodes, Van Irion, and [Basil Marceaux](/wiki/Basil_Marceaux \"Basil Marceaux\"). Fleischmann won the August 5, 2010 primary with about 28% of the total vote.[Republican Primary Unofficial Results](http://www.tennessee.gov/sos/election/results/Rep%20GovUSHouseTotal.pdf), Tennessee Election Commission website, accessed August 6, 2010Larry Henry, [Fleischmann beats Smith in 3rd District](http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2010/aug/06/fleischmann-beats-smith-3rd-district/), *[Chattanooga Times Free Press](/wiki/Chattanooga_Times_Free_Press \"Chattanooga Times Free Press\")*, August 6, 2010 Democratic candidates as of October 2009 were Paula Flowers of Oak Ridge, a former member of Governor [Phil Bredesen](/wiki/Phil_Bredesen \"Phil Bredesen\")'s cabinet, and former [Libertarian Party](/wiki/Libertarian_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Libertarian Party (United States)\") member Brent Benedict, who won the 2006 Democratic [primary](/wiki/Partisan_primary \"Partisan primary\") for the seat but lost the general election to Wamp.[3rd District hopefuls tout finances](http://www.allbusiness.com/government/elections-politics-campaigns-elections/13234988-1.html), AllBusiness.com website, attributed to *Chattanooga Times Free Press*, October 17, 2009Tom Humphrey, [Congressional candidate money notes](http://blogs.knoxnews.com/humphrey/2009/10/congressional-candidate-money.html), Humphrey on the Hill, *Knoxville News Sentinel* website, October 15, 2009Joe Lance, [What Kind of Democrat Will Win the Third District Primary?](http://chattarati.com/2009/09/28/what-kind-of-democrat-will-win-the-third-district-primary/), September 28, 2009 Both of those Democrats later abandoned their campaigns, but four other candidates placed their names on the ballot for the August 2010 Democratic primary: Alicia Mitchell of Oak Ridge, Brenda Freeman Short of East Ridge, and Brent Staton and [John Wolfe](/wiki/John_Wolfe_%28politician%29 \"John Wolfe (politician)\") of Chattanooga. Wolfe was the winner in the August 5, 2010 primary.[Democratic Primary Unofficial Results](http://www.tennessee.gov/sos/election/results/Dem%20GovUSHouse%20Total.pdf), Tennessee Election Commission website, accessed August 6, 2010 Six independents also filed petitions to appear on the November 2010 ballot: Don Barkman, Mark DeVol, Gregory C. Goodwin, Robert Humphries, Mo Kiah and Savas T. Kyriakidis.[Official List of 2010 Candidates](http://tnsos.org/elections/2010CandidatesStatewide.php?showall), Tennessee Department of State \\- Division of Elections, May 7, 2010 Republican nominee [Chuck Fleischmann](/wiki/Chuck_Fleischmann \"Chuck Fleischmann\") won the general election in November 2010 with 57% of the vote, trailed by Democrat [John Wolfe](/wiki/John_Wolfe_%28politician%29 \"John Wolfe (politician)\") with 28%, and independent Savas Kyriakidis with 10%.[2010 Congressional Election Results: Tennessee District 3](https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/politics/2010-race-maps/house/), Washington Post, accessed December 9, 2010",
""
] |
Modern Sokoke breed
-------------------
{{anchor\|Modern history\|reason\=Old section title, may have incoming links.}}
### History
The Sokoke is a "[natural breed](/wiki/Natural_breed "Natural breed")", i.e., one developed and standardised from the local, free\-breeding landrace population, and thus distinct from it by virtue of careful [selective breeding](/wiki/Selective_breeding "Selective breeding") for specific, fixed traits believed to epitomise the distinctions evolved by [natural selection](/wiki/Natural_selection "Natural selection") in the original population. As British cat geneticist and pedigree judge Pat Turner wrote in 1993, in the early days of recognition of the breed's standardisation, the fixing of traits like large "wild\-looking" spots that are distinct from other blotched breeds "can only be done by selective breeding".
The breeding programme was begun in 1978 by Jeni Slater, who originally named the breed the African Shorthair. She used cats found in and around Watamu, both raised from kittenhood and enticed from the adult feral population with food rewards.{{cite web \|last\=Longley \|first\=Pat \|publisher\=North American Sokoke Association \|title\=The Mysterious History of Sokoke Cats \|date\=9 August 2004 \|url\= http://www.icehouse.net/illuzion/mystery.html \|archive\-url\= https://web.archive.org/web/20150103050451/http://www.icehouse.net/illuzion/mystery.html \|archive\-date\=3 January 2015 \|url\-status\=live \|access\-date\=3 April 2016}}
Gloria Moeldrop, a friend of Slater's, brought a pair of Slater's cats home with her to [Denmark](/wiki/Denmark "Denmark") to breed in 1983, because Slater feared for the survival of the native cat in Kenya.{{Cite news\|last\=Andrew the Cat\|date\=2016\-09\-19\|title\=Sokoke \- All The Way From Kenya \- Cat Concerns\|language\=en\-US\|work\=Cat Concerns\|url\=http://www.catconcerns.com/sokoke/\|access\-date\=2020\-05\-28}} The cats were first [shown](/wiki/Cat_show "Cat show") in [Copenhagen](/wiki/Copenhagen "Copenhagen") in 1984, then in [Odense](/wiki/Odense "Odense").{{cite book\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=RQ63\-D3C9wcC\&q\=Sokoke\+cat\&pg\=PA258 \|title\=Domestic Cats: Their History, Breeds and Other Facts \|author\=Nancy Robbins \|page\=258 \|date\=2012\-02\-14 \|isbn\=9781470075385 \|access\-date\=2016\-04\-04}} {{verify source\|date\=April 2016\|reason\=Source was added to for the "Copenhagen in 1984" statement by someone else while the article was being expanded.}}
Slater introduced a darker Watamu street cat specimen into the breeding programme, in 1987, for genetic diversity. Breeder and North American Sokoke Association officer Pat Longley has suggested that this cat introduced the [lynx point](/wiki/Lynx_point "Lynx point") pattern seen in some Sokokes. In 1989, Moeldrop imported more cats from Kenya to strengthen her European breeding stock. Slater also provided at least one to a breeder named Bob Schwartz, in Italy.
Jeannie Knocker, an Englishwoman residing near Slater in Kenya,{{when\|date\=April 2016}} gathered several feral cats near the borders of the forest and kept them penned, producing litters that were exported to the US and Europe,{{Cite web\|title\=Sokoke \- All The Way From Kenya\|url\=http://www.catconcerns.com/sokoke/\|last\=Cat\|first\=Andrew the\|date\=2016\-09\-19\|website\=Cat Concerns\|language\=en\-US\|access\-date\=2020\-05\-28}} [registered to establish future pedigrees](/wiki/Breed_registry "Breed registry"), and bred; these became known as the "new line" Sokoke cats, with distinctive features from those of the Slater\-developed "old line".For an example of mention of the "new line" and "old line" distinction, see any number of breeder materials, such as [the 20 August 2005 update](https://web.archive.org/web/20080529032510/http://www.kimburu.net/indexEN.htm) published by the Kimburu cattery in Denmark. The cats caught in the forest from 2001 onward have been added to this breeding programme, as have some more recent specimens.
Whether extraneous (e.g., European or Asian) bloodlines were introduced by any breeders is unclear.
### Breed recognition
The standardised breed was first recognised by a [breed registry](/wiki/Breed_registry "Breed registry"), the Belgium\-based *[Fédération Internationale Féline](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_F%C3%A9line "Fédération Internationale Féline")* (FIFe), under the name Sokoke, after the forest. This occurred in 1993, after a multi\-breeder demonstration of the new breed's consistent development at a cat show in Denmark.
The breed is also registered by [The International Cat Association](/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association "The International Cat Association") (TICA), based in the United States; it is eligible to be shown in the "Preliminary New Breed" class at TICA\-sanctioned events.
The Sokoke is now also recognised by two national cat registries, the UK [Governing Council of the Cat Fancy](/wiki/Governing_Council_of_the_Cat_Fancy "Governing Council of the Cat Fancy") (GCCF), and the [Canadian Cat Association](/wiki/Canadian_Cat_Association "Canadian Cat Association") (CCA).
### Standardised characteristics
{{anchor\|Description\|reason\=Old heading, may be linked.}}
The bodies of the Sokokes are medium\-sized overall, long and thin, with long legs. The back legs are longer than the front legs, similar to those of a wildcat. They also have a unique tip\-toe gait, in part due to a straighter [stifle](/wiki/wikt:En:stifle "En:stifle") as well as the longer back legs. Their eyes are usually amber to light\-green, set in a comparatively small head, with long ears, reminiscent of various species of wild cat, though these are traits intentionally reinforced by [artificial selection](/wiki/Artificial_selection "Artificial selection"). The tail is tapered.
Sokokes typically have blotched (i.e., large\-spotted) [tabby](/wiki/Tabby_cat "Tabby cat") coats in shades of brown, broadly similar to those of the [Bengal](/wiki/Bengal_cat "Bengal cat") and [Ocicat](/wiki/Ocicat "Ocicat"). The centers or "oysters" of the patterns are hollow\-looking due to the [agouti gene](/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics "Cat coat genetics"),{{Cite web\|title\=Sokoke \- All The Way From Kenya\|url\=http://www.catconcerns.com/sokoke/\|last\=Cat\|first\=Andrew the\|date\=2016\-09\-19\|website\=Cat Concerns\|language\=en\-US\|access\-date\=2020\-05\-28}} which also produces a "ticked" or "salt and pepper" look to the coat, overall. This combination has been called "African tabby" or "African pattern", which may extend all the way to the tip of the tail. It is distinct from previously known blotched tabby patterns found in other breeds in this respect, but otherwise genetically identical, with all the normal tabby features (in cat fancier and judging terms, the patterns share the same ""butterflies" "eyeliner", "bonnet strings", "necklaces" and other characteristic markings). A particular "wood\-grain" look is highly prized in show cats
Their coats are short, and coarse but lustrous, with little to no undercoat. Recessive colours and traits are rare. Noted so far (and not accepted for showing by most registries) are seal lynx point (accepted for showing in GCCF), melanistic (black or near\-black), and "blue" (i.e. grey) colours. Long\-haired specimens are almost unknown. "Chaotic", "chained", and "clouded" marbling patterns have been seen with the advent of the "new line", as deviations away from the earlier established modified blotched tabby pattern, but clearly based on the genetics of the landrace forest specimens from the 1990s. Perhaps owing to the admixture of city specimens, the original Slater lineage also fairly often produces small\-spotted instead of blotched cats, perhaps indicating earlier crossbreeding with non\-native cats (the Egyptian Mau, for example, has such a pattern).
Sokoke cats are very active and enjoy climbing. They tend to be vocal toward human keepers and other cats with whom they live. They bond deeply to each other, as well as their owners. This trait makes re\-homing harder for them, with a longer adjustment period expected in adult cats and older, already\-bonded kittens.
The Sokoke does best in a controlled environment, because of their limited resistance to common New World cat illnesses, often found in catteries and multi\-cat homes. Like all of the short\-haired Asian group of cats, they do not thrive in extreme cold temperatures for extended periods of time. However, contrary to previous reports, they can be acclimated to colder climates, and do not require special housing any more than similar short\-haired, Asian\-group cats.
Their expected lifespan is the same as any purebred domestic cat, with 15 years an average old age.
### Breeding
It is typical for the male to help raise the kittens, getting in the nest box with them.
If left together, the mother will often wait months to wean her kittens, even though their development is fairly rapid once they leave the nest box.{{Cite web\|title\=Sokoke \- All The Way From Kenya\|url\=http://www.catconcerns.com/sokoke/\|last\=Cat\|first\=Andrew the\|date\=2016\-09\-19\|website\=Cat Concerns\|language\=en\-US\|access\-date\=2020\-05\-28}}
Breeders expect one to two litters per year, per breeding pair. Sometimes two litters may come closely in a row, with a longer period of time before further reproduction. Sexual maturity is usually reached at around eight to ten months of age.
|
[
"Modern Sokoke breed\n-------------------",
"{{anchor\\|Modern history\\|reason\\=Old section title, may have incoming links.}}",
"### History",
"The Sokoke is a \"[natural breed](/wiki/Natural_breed \"Natural breed\")\", i.e., one developed and standardised from the local, free\\-breeding landrace population, and thus distinct from it by virtue of careful [selective breeding](/wiki/Selective_breeding \"Selective breeding\") for specific, fixed traits believed to epitomise the distinctions evolved by [natural selection](/wiki/Natural_selection \"Natural selection\") in the original population. As British cat geneticist and pedigree judge Pat Turner wrote in 1993, in the early days of recognition of the breed's standardisation, the fixing of traits like large \"wild\\-looking\" spots that are distinct from other blotched breeds \"can only be done by selective breeding\".",
"The breeding programme was begun in 1978 by Jeni Slater, who originally named the breed the African Shorthair. She used cats found in and around Watamu, both raised from kittenhood and enticed from the adult feral population with food rewards.{{cite web \\|last\\=Longley \\|first\\=Pat \\|publisher\\=North American Sokoke Association \\|title\\=The Mysterious History of Sokoke Cats \\|date\\=9 August 2004 \\|url\\= http://www.icehouse.net/illuzion/mystery.html \\|archive\\-url\\= https://web.archive.org/web/20150103050451/http://www.icehouse.net/illuzion/mystery.html \\|archive\\-date\\=3 January 2015 \\|url\\-status\\=live \\|access\\-date\\=3 April 2016}}",
"Gloria Moeldrop, a friend of Slater's, brought a pair of Slater's cats home with her to [Denmark](/wiki/Denmark \"Denmark\") to breed in 1983, because Slater feared for the survival of the native cat in Kenya.{{Cite news\\|last\\=Andrew the Cat\\|date\\=2016\\-09\\-19\\|title\\=Sokoke \\- All The Way From Kenya \\- Cat Concerns\\|language\\=en\\-US\\|work\\=Cat Concerns\\|url\\=http://www.catconcerns.com/sokoke/\\|access\\-date\\=2020\\-05\\-28}} The cats were first [shown](/wiki/Cat_show \"Cat show\") in [Copenhagen](/wiki/Copenhagen \"Copenhagen\") in 1984, then in [Odense](/wiki/Odense \"Odense\").{{cite book\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=RQ63\\-D3C9wcC\\&q\\=Sokoke\\+cat\\&pg\\=PA258 \\|title\\=Domestic Cats: Their History, Breeds and Other Facts \\|author\\=Nancy Robbins \\|page\\=258 \\|date\\=2012\\-02\\-14 \\|isbn\\=9781470075385 \\|access\\-date\\=2016\\-04\\-04}} {{verify source\\|date\\=April 2016\\|reason\\=Source was added to for the \"Copenhagen in 1984\" statement by someone else while the article was being expanded.}}\nSlater introduced a darker Watamu street cat specimen into the breeding programme, in 1987, for genetic diversity. Breeder and North American Sokoke Association officer Pat Longley has suggested that this cat introduced the [lynx point](/wiki/Lynx_point \"Lynx point\") pattern seen in some Sokokes. In 1989, Moeldrop imported more cats from Kenya to strengthen her European breeding stock. Slater also provided at least one to a breeder named Bob Schwartz, in Italy.",
"Jeannie Knocker, an Englishwoman residing near Slater in Kenya,{{when\\|date\\=April 2016}} gathered several feral cats near the borders of the forest and kept them penned, producing litters that were exported to the US and Europe,{{Cite web\\|title\\=Sokoke \\- All The Way From Kenya\\|url\\=http://www.catconcerns.com/sokoke/\\|last\\=Cat\\|first\\=Andrew the\\|date\\=2016\\-09\\-19\\|website\\=Cat Concerns\\|language\\=en\\-US\\|access\\-date\\=2020\\-05\\-28}} [registered to establish future pedigrees](/wiki/Breed_registry \"Breed registry\"), and bred; these became known as the \"new line\" Sokoke cats, with distinctive features from those of the Slater\\-developed \"old line\".For an example of mention of the \"new line\" and \"old line\" distinction, see any number of breeder materials, such as [the 20 August 2005 update](https://web.archive.org/web/20080529032510/http://www.kimburu.net/indexEN.htm) published by the Kimburu cattery in Denmark. The cats caught in the forest from 2001 onward have been added to this breeding programme, as have some more recent specimens.",
"Whether extraneous (e.g., European or Asian) bloodlines were introduced by any breeders is unclear.",
"### Breed recognition",
"The standardised breed was first recognised by a [breed registry](/wiki/Breed_registry \"Breed registry\"), the Belgium\\-based *[Fédération Internationale Féline](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_F%C3%A9line \"Fédération Internationale Féline\")* (FIFe), under the name Sokoke, after the forest. This occurred in 1993, after a multi\\-breeder demonstration of the new breed's consistent development at a cat show in Denmark.",
"The breed is also registered by [The International Cat Association](/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association \"The International Cat Association\") (TICA), based in the United States; it is eligible to be shown in the \"Preliminary New Breed\" class at TICA\\-sanctioned events.",
"The Sokoke is now also recognised by two national cat registries, the UK [Governing Council of the Cat Fancy](/wiki/Governing_Council_of_the_Cat_Fancy \"Governing Council of the Cat Fancy\") (GCCF), and the [Canadian Cat Association](/wiki/Canadian_Cat_Association \"Canadian Cat Association\") (CCA).",
"### Standardised characteristics",
"{{anchor\\|Description\\|reason\\=Old heading, may be linked.}}\nThe bodies of the Sokokes are medium\\-sized overall, long and thin, with long legs. The back legs are longer than the front legs, similar to those of a wildcat. They also have a unique tip\\-toe gait, in part due to a straighter [stifle](/wiki/wikt:En:stifle \"En:stifle\") as well as the longer back legs. Their eyes are usually amber to light\\-green, set in a comparatively small head, with long ears, reminiscent of various species of wild cat, though these are traits intentionally reinforced by [artificial selection](/wiki/Artificial_selection \"Artificial selection\"). The tail is tapered.",
"Sokokes typically have blotched (i.e., large\\-spotted) [tabby](/wiki/Tabby_cat \"Tabby cat\") coats in shades of brown, broadly similar to those of the [Bengal](/wiki/Bengal_cat \"Bengal cat\") and [Ocicat](/wiki/Ocicat \"Ocicat\"). The centers or \"oysters\" of the patterns are hollow\\-looking due to the [agouti gene](/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics \"Cat coat genetics\"),{{Cite web\\|title\\=Sokoke \\- All The Way From Kenya\\|url\\=http://www.catconcerns.com/sokoke/\\|last\\=Cat\\|first\\=Andrew the\\|date\\=2016\\-09\\-19\\|website\\=Cat Concerns\\|language\\=en\\-US\\|access\\-date\\=2020\\-05\\-28}} which also produces a \"ticked\" or \"salt and pepper\" look to the coat, overall. This combination has been called \"African tabby\" or \"African pattern\", which may extend all the way to the tip of the tail. It is distinct from previously known blotched tabby patterns found in other breeds in this respect, but otherwise genetically identical, with all the normal tabby features (in cat fancier and judging terms, the patterns share the same \"\"butterflies\" \"eyeliner\", \"bonnet strings\", \"necklaces\" and other characteristic markings). A particular \"wood\\-grain\" look is highly prized in show cats",
"Their coats are short, and coarse but lustrous, with little to no undercoat. Recessive colours and traits are rare. Noted so far (and not accepted for showing by most registries) are seal lynx point (accepted for showing in GCCF), melanistic (black or near\\-black), and \"blue\" (i.e. grey) colours. Long\\-haired specimens are almost unknown. \"Chaotic\", \"chained\", and \"clouded\" marbling patterns have been seen with the advent of the \"new line\", as deviations away from the earlier established modified blotched tabby pattern, but clearly based on the genetics of the landrace forest specimens from the 1990s. Perhaps owing to the admixture of city specimens, the original Slater lineage also fairly often produces small\\-spotted instead of blotched cats, perhaps indicating earlier crossbreeding with non\\-native cats (the Egyptian Mau, for example, has such a pattern).",
"Sokoke cats are very active and enjoy climbing. They tend to be vocal toward human keepers and other cats with whom they live. They bond deeply to each other, as well as their owners. This trait makes re\\-homing harder for them, with a longer adjustment period expected in adult cats and older, already\\-bonded kittens.",
"The Sokoke does best in a controlled environment, because of their limited resistance to common New World cat illnesses, often found in catteries and multi\\-cat homes. Like all of the short\\-haired Asian group of cats, they do not thrive in extreme cold temperatures for extended periods of time. However, contrary to previous reports, they can be acclimated to colder climates, and do not require special housing any more than similar short\\-haired, Asian\\-group cats.",
"Their expected lifespan is the same as any purebred domestic cat, with 15 years an average old age.",
"### Breeding",
"It is typical for the male to help raise the kittens, getting in the nest box with them.\nIf left together, the mother will often wait months to wean her kittens, even though their development is fairly rapid once they leave the nest box.{{Cite web\\|title\\=Sokoke \\- All The Way From Kenya\\|url\\=http://www.catconcerns.com/sokoke/\\|last\\=Cat\\|first\\=Andrew the\\|date\\=2016\\-09\\-19\\|website\\=Cat Concerns\\|language\\=en\\-US\\|access\\-date\\=2020\\-05\\-28}}\nBreeders expect one to two litters per year, per breeding pair. Sometimes two litters may come closely in a row, with a longer period of time before further reproduction. Sexual maturity is usually reached at around eight to ten months of age.",
""
] |
Demographics
------------
{{US Census population
\|align\= left
\|1880\= 458
\|1890\= 770
\|1900\= 939
\|1910\= 981
\|1920\= 1020
\|1930\= 1038
\|1940\= 1068
\|1950\= 1039
\|1960\= 905
\|1970\= 870
\|1980\= 978
\|1990\= 834
\|2000\= 799
\|2010\= 781
\|2020\= 859
\|estyear\=
\|estimate\=
\|estref\=
\|align\-fn\=center
\|footnote\=\[https://www.census.gov/programs\-surveys/decennial\-census.html U.S. Decennial Census]
}}
### 2010 census
As of the [census](/wiki/Census "Census") of 2010, there were 781 people, 331 households, and 203 families residing in the city. The [population density](/wiki/Population_density "Population density") was {{convert\|1301\.7\|PD/sqmi\|PD/km2\|1}}. There were 405 housing units at an average density of {{convert\|675\.0\|/sqmi\|/km2\|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 94\.9% [White](/wiki/White_American "White American"), 0\.4% [African American](/wiki/African_American "African American"), 0\.1% [American Indian](/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States "Native Americans in the United States"), 0\.3% [Asian](/wiki/Asian_American "Asian American"), 0\.4% from other races, and 4\.0% from two or more races. [Hispanics and Latinos](/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans "Hispanic and Latino Americans") of any race were 3\.5% of the population.{{cite web\|title\=U.S. Census website\|url\=https://www.census.gov\|publisher\=\[\[United States Census Bureau]]\|access\-date\=2012\-07\-06}}
There were 331 households, of which 24\.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49\.2% were [married couples](/wiki/Marriage "Marriage") living together, 7\.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4\.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38\.7% were non\-families. 32\.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17\.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2\.24 and the average family size was 2\.82\.
The median age in the city was 47\.6 years. 20\.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 6\.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19% were from 25 to 44; 29\.2% were from 45 to 64; and 24\.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47\.9% male and 52\.1% female.
The median income for a household in the city was $44,250, and the median income for a family was $55,542\. Males had a median income of $37,273 versus $20,417 for females. The [per capita income](/wiki/Per_capita_income "Per capita income") for the city was $21,109\. 5\.2% of families and 7\.8% of the population were below the [poverty line](/wiki/Poverty_line "Poverty line"), including 12\.5% of those under age 18 and 16\.3% of those age 65 or over.
### 2000 census
As of the [census](/wiki/Census "Census"){{cite web\|url\=https://www.census.gov\|publisher\=\[\[United States Census Bureau]]\|access\-date\=2008\-01\-31\|title\=U.S. Census website}} of 2000, there were 799 people, 333 households, and 205 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert\|1,436\.7\|PD/sqmi\|PD/km2\|sp\=us\|adj\=off}}. There were 406 housing units at an average density of {{convert\|730\.0\|/sqmi\|/km2\|sp\=us\|adj\=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 98\.87% [White](/wiki/White_%28U.S._Census%29 "White (U.S. Census)"), 0\.13% from [other races](/wiki/Race_%28United_States_Census%29 "Race (United States Census)"), and 1\.00% from two or more races. [Hispanic](/wiki/Hispanic_%28U.S._Census%29 "Hispanic (U.S. Census)") or [Latino](/wiki/Latino_%28U.S._Census%29 "Latino (U.S. Census)") of any race were 1\.13% of the population.
There were 333 households, out of which 27\.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52\.6% were [married couples](/wiki/Marriage "Marriage") living together, 5\.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38\.4% were non\-families. 35\.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21\.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2\.26 and the average family size was 2\.89\.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 22\.5% under the age of 18, 5\.4% from 18 to 24, 21\.5% from 25 to 44, 22\.3% from 45 to 64, and 28\.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 83\.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81\.0 males.
As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $34,821, and the median income for a family was $47,768\. Males had a median income of $28,173 versus $23,000 for females. The [per capita income](/wiki/Per_capita_income "Per capita income") for the city was $16,622\. About 2\.0% of families and 7\.0% of the population were below the [poverty line](/wiki/Poverty_line "Poverty line"), including 4\.0% of those under age 18 and 12\.9% of those age 65 or over.
|
[
"Demographics\n------------",
"{{US Census population\n\\|align\\= left\n\\|1880\\= 458\n\\|1890\\= 770\n\\|1900\\= 939\n\\|1910\\= 981\n\\|1920\\= 1020\n\\|1930\\= 1038\n\\|1940\\= 1068\n\\|1950\\= 1039\n\\|1960\\= 905\n\\|1970\\= 870\n\\|1980\\= 978\n\\|1990\\= 834\n\\|2000\\= 799\n\\|2010\\= 781\n\\|2020\\= 859\n\\|estyear\\=\n\\|estimate\\=\n\\|estref\\=\n\\|align\\-fn\\=center\n\\|footnote\\=\\[https://www.census.gov/programs\\-surveys/decennial\\-census.html U.S. Decennial Census]\n}}",
"### 2010 census",
"As of the [census](/wiki/Census \"Census\") of 2010, there were 781 people, 331 households, and 203 families residing in the city. The [population density](/wiki/Population_density \"Population density\") was {{convert\\|1301\\.7\\|PD/sqmi\\|PD/km2\\|1}}. There were 405 housing units at an average density of {{convert\\|675\\.0\\|/sqmi\\|/km2\\|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 94\\.9% [White](/wiki/White_American \"White American\"), 0\\.4% [African American](/wiki/African_American \"African American\"), 0\\.1% [American Indian](/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States \"Native Americans in the United States\"), 0\\.3% [Asian](/wiki/Asian_American \"Asian American\"), 0\\.4% from other races, and 4\\.0% from two or more races. [Hispanics and Latinos](/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans \"Hispanic and Latino Americans\") of any race were 3\\.5% of the population.{{cite web\\|title\\=U.S. Census website\\|url\\=https://www.census.gov\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[United States Census Bureau]]\\|access\\-date\\=2012\\-07\\-06}}",
"There were 331 households, of which 24\\.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49\\.2% were [married couples](/wiki/Marriage \"Marriage\") living together, 7\\.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4\\.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38\\.7% were non\\-families. 32\\.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17\\.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2\\.24 and the average family size was 2\\.82\\.",
"The median age in the city was 47\\.6 years. 20\\.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 6\\.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19% were from 25 to 44; 29\\.2% were from 45 to 64; and 24\\.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47\\.9% male and 52\\.1% female.",
"The median income for a household in the city was $44,250, and the median income for a family was $55,542\\. Males had a median income of $37,273 versus $20,417 for females. The [per capita income](/wiki/Per_capita_income \"Per capita income\") for the city was $21,109\\. 5\\.2% of families and 7\\.8% of the population were below the [poverty line](/wiki/Poverty_line \"Poverty line\"), including 12\\.5% of those under age 18 and 16\\.3% of those age 65 or over.",
"### 2000 census",
"As of the [census](/wiki/Census \"Census\"){{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.census.gov\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[United States Census Bureau]]\\|access\\-date\\=2008\\-01\\-31\\|title\\=U.S. Census website}} of 2000, there were 799 people, 333 households, and 205 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert\\|1,436\\.7\\|PD/sqmi\\|PD/km2\\|sp\\=us\\|adj\\=off}}. There were 406 housing units at an average density of {{convert\\|730\\.0\\|/sqmi\\|/km2\\|sp\\=us\\|adj\\=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 98\\.87% [White](/wiki/White_%28U.S._Census%29 \"White (U.S. Census)\"), 0\\.13% from [other races](/wiki/Race_%28United_States_Census%29 \"Race (United States Census)\"), and 1\\.00% from two or more races. [Hispanic](/wiki/Hispanic_%28U.S._Census%29 \"Hispanic (U.S. Census)\") or [Latino](/wiki/Latino_%28U.S._Census%29 \"Latino (U.S. Census)\") of any race were 1\\.13% of the population.",
"There were 333 households, out of which 27\\.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52\\.6% were [married couples](/wiki/Marriage \"Marriage\") living together, 5\\.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38\\.4% were non\\-families. 35\\.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21\\.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2\\.26 and the average family size was 2\\.89\\.",
"In the city, the population was spread out, with 22\\.5% under the age of 18, 5\\.4% from 18 to 24, 21\\.5% from 25 to 44, 22\\.3% from 45 to 64, and 28\\.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 83\\.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81\\.0 males.",
"As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $34,821, and the median income for a family was $47,768\\. Males had a median income of $28,173 versus $23,000 for females. The [per capita income](/wiki/Per_capita_income \"Per capita income\") for the city was $16,622\\. About 2\\.0% of families and 7\\.0% of the population were below the [poverty line](/wiki/Poverty_line \"Poverty line\"), including 4\\.0% of those under age 18 and 12\\.9% of those age 65 or over.",
""
] |
Production
----------
### Pre\-production
The [treatment](/wiki/Film_treatment "Film treatment") for *Rendezvous* was developed while writer, [Seth Kozak](/wiki/Seth_Kozak "Seth Kozak"), was serving in Iraq in 2003\.{{Cite web\|url\=http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/774659/fblk\|title\=Rendezvous\|website\=Indiegogo\|access\-date\=2020\-03\-21}}{{Cite web\|title\=OU alumnus Seth Kozak discusses 'Rendezvous' ahead of debut in virtual Clean Shorts Film Festival\|url\=http://www.oudaily.com/culture/ou\-alumnus\-seth\-kozak\-discusses\-rendezvous\-ahead\-of\-debut\-in\-virtual\-clean\-shorts\-film\-festival/article\_af70cd5e\-8015\-11ea\-b86f\-ebdf9452f33b.html\|last\=reporter\|first\=Abby Tow, culture\|website\=OU Daily\|access\-date\=2020\-04\-16}} The screenplay for *Rendezvous* received multiple awards and nominations from film festivals (2013\-2014\), giving it traction to launch the production. The script received accolades from [WorldFest Houston](/wiki/WorldFest-Houston_International_Film_Festival "WorldFest-Houston International Film Festival"), the [Beverly Hills Film Festival](/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Film_Festival "Beverly Hills Film Festival"), [The Indie Gathering](/wiki/The_Indie_Gathering "The Indie Gathering"), and the [Bare Bones International Film Festival](/wiki/Bare_Bones_International_Film_Festival "Bare Bones International Film Festival").{{Cite web\|url\=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1432316733/rendezvous\|title\=Rendezvous\|website\=Kickstarter\|access\-date\=2020\-03\-21}}
During the initial [crowdfunding](/wiki/Crowdfunding "Crowdfunding") campaign,{{Cite web\|url\=https://issuu.com/turnerpublishing/docs/lrr\_5ddd92366e6055\|title\=Lake Region Reader February 2014, page 13\|last\=\|first\=\|date\=\|website\=Issuu\|archive\-url\=\|archive\-date\=\|access\-date\=2020\-03\-21}} the project gained the attention of [IndieWire](/wiki/IndieWire "IndieWire") and was given the distinction of "Project of the Day." Kozak teamed with Damian Veilleux and Michael Cole of Catharsis Pictures, a [Waterville, Maine](/wiki/Waterville%2C_Maine "Waterville, Maine")\-based production company, while on a diplomatic assignment with the [U.S. Embassy](/wiki/U.S._embassy "U.S. embassy") in [Bucharest, Romania](/wiki/Bucharest "Bucharest").{{Cite news\|last\=McGinnins\|first\=Zach\|url\=https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article\=1002\&context\=de\_February2014\|title\=SIU Alum Kickstarts Script\|date\= February 5, 2014\|work\=The Daily Egyptian, Vol 98, Issue 15, pp. 1,4\.\|access\-date\=March 21, 2020}}
Producers used the [Kickstarter](/wiki/Kickstarter "Kickstarter") [crowdfunding](/wiki/Crowdfunding "Crowdfunding") platform.{{Cite web\|title\=You Could Be in a Movie Here in Maine!\|url\=https://b985\.fm/you\-could\-be\-in\-a\-movie\-here\-in\-maine/\|last\=Buck\|first\=Sharon\|website\=B98\.5\|access\-date\=2020\-05\-12}} The campaign achieved 162% of its funding goal. A total of 83 official backers endorsed the picture through the site. Notable backers include [Kjell Lindgren](/wiki/Kjell_N._Lindgren "Kjell N. Lindgren"), and [Alex Vindman](/wiki/Alexander_Vindman "Alexander Vindman").
### Casting and filming
International actress and model, [Katarina Morhacova](/wiki/Katarina_Morhacova "Katarina Morhacova"), was offered the lead role after wrapping her performance in [Claudia La Bianca](/wiki/Claudia_La_Bianca "Claudia La Bianca")'s feature *[The Journey of a Dragonfly](/wiki/The_Journey_of_a_Dragonfly "The Journey of a Dragonfly")*. [Corbin Bernsen](/wiki/Corbin_Bernsen "Corbin Bernsen") was originally attached to play the role of Congressman Zachary Wright. The role was eventually recast with Mike Sutton. [David Lago](/wiki/David_Lago "David Lago") has a supporting role as a police officer. [Chris Kerson](/wiki/Chris_Kerson "Chris Kerson") was cast as the hitman. [Francis Jue](/wiki/Francis_Jue "Francis Jue") plays Chris, an executive butler\-type.
Producers collaborated virtually between [Romania](/wiki/Romania "Romania") and [Maine](/wiki/Maine "Maine") to shoot the first half of the film during April 2014\. After the initial shoot, Catharsis departed the project causing it to be shelved for three\-and\-a\-half years. With a new team, Kozak was able to get cameras rolling again in the Fall of 2017\. Locations in [Stafford, Virginia](/wiki/Stafford%2C_Virginia "Stafford, Virginia") and [Villanova, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Villanova%2C_Pennsylvania "Villanova, Pennsylvania") were used to shoot [Lear Jet](/wiki/Learjet "Learjet") and mansion interiors. In November 2018, a three\-day shooting schedule picked up the remaining shots in [Maine](/wiki/Maine "Maine") and [New Hampshire](/wiki/New_Hampshire "New Hampshire").
### Post\-production
Bob Kovacs edited the film in [Annandale, Virginia](/wiki/Annandale%2C_Virginia "Annandale, Virginia"). Special effects editing was worked by Daria Liubimova in [Russia](/wiki/Russia "Russia") and Robert Pilko in [Israel](/wiki/Israel "Israel"). LA\-based colorist, Adrian DeLude, of [Company 3](/wiki/Company_3 "Company 3"), mastered the color grading.
Anthony Marsh of Production Station sound design services in [Australia](/wiki/Australia "Australia"), developed the [music score](/wiki/Film_score "Film score") and conducted the film's [sound design](/wiki/Sound_design "Sound design") and [sound editing](/wiki/Sound_editor_%28filmmaking%29 "Sound editor (filmmaking)").{{Cite web\|url\=https://independentshortsawards.com/silver\-awards\-august\-2019/\|title\=Silver Awards: August 2019\|date\=2019\-09\-08\|website\=Independent Shorts Awards\|access\-date\=2020\-03\-21}}{{Cite web\|url\=https://www.productionstation.tv/\|title\=Production Station Audio Post Production Newcastle\|website\=production\-station\|access\-date\=2020\-03\-21}} The [soundtrack](/wiki/Soundtrack "Soundtrack") includes the song "[Running Up That Hill](/wiki/Running_Up_That_Hill "Running Up That Hill")", by the [British](/wiki/United_Kingdom "United Kingdom") alternative rock band [Placebo](/wiki/Placebo_%28band%29 "Placebo (band)"). [Howard Pearl](/wiki/Howard_Pearl "Howard Pearl") was a consultant on the film.
|
[
"Production\n----------",
"### Pre\\-production",
"The [treatment](/wiki/Film_treatment \"Film treatment\") for *Rendezvous* was developed while writer, [Seth Kozak](/wiki/Seth_Kozak \"Seth Kozak\"), was serving in Iraq in 2003\\.{{Cite web\\|url\\=http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/774659/fblk\\|title\\=Rendezvous\\|website\\=Indiegogo\\|access\\-date\\=2020\\-03\\-21}}{{Cite web\\|title\\=OU alumnus Seth Kozak discusses 'Rendezvous' ahead of debut in virtual Clean Shorts Film Festival\\|url\\=http://www.oudaily.com/culture/ou\\-alumnus\\-seth\\-kozak\\-discusses\\-rendezvous\\-ahead\\-of\\-debut\\-in\\-virtual\\-clean\\-shorts\\-film\\-festival/article\\_af70cd5e\\-8015\\-11ea\\-b86f\\-ebdf9452f33b.html\\|last\\=reporter\\|first\\=Abby Tow, culture\\|website\\=OU Daily\\|access\\-date\\=2020\\-04\\-16}} The screenplay for *Rendezvous* received multiple awards and nominations from film festivals (2013\\-2014\\), giving it traction to launch the production. The script received accolades from [WorldFest Houston](/wiki/WorldFest-Houston_International_Film_Festival \"WorldFest-Houston International Film Festival\"), the [Beverly Hills Film Festival](/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Film_Festival \"Beverly Hills Film Festival\"), [The Indie Gathering](/wiki/The_Indie_Gathering \"The Indie Gathering\"), and the [Bare Bones International Film Festival](/wiki/Bare_Bones_International_Film_Festival \"Bare Bones International Film Festival\").{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1432316733/rendezvous\\|title\\=Rendezvous\\|website\\=Kickstarter\\|access\\-date\\=2020\\-03\\-21}}",
"During the initial [crowdfunding](/wiki/Crowdfunding \"Crowdfunding\") campaign,{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://issuu.com/turnerpublishing/docs/lrr\\_5ddd92366e6055\\|title\\=Lake Region Reader February 2014, page 13\\|last\\=\\|first\\=\\|date\\=\\|website\\=Issuu\\|archive\\-url\\=\\|archive\\-date\\=\\|access\\-date\\=2020\\-03\\-21}} the project gained the attention of [IndieWire](/wiki/IndieWire \"IndieWire\") and was given the distinction of \"Project of the Day.\" Kozak teamed with Damian Veilleux and Michael Cole of Catharsis Pictures, a [Waterville, Maine](/wiki/Waterville%2C_Maine \"Waterville, Maine\")\\-based production company, while on a diplomatic assignment with the [U.S. Embassy](/wiki/U.S._embassy \"U.S. embassy\") in [Bucharest, Romania](/wiki/Bucharest \"Bucharest\").{{Cite news\\|last\\=McGinnins\\|first\\=Zach\\|url\\=https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article\\=1002\\&context\\=de\\_February2014\\|title\\=SIU Alum Kickstarts Script\\|date\\= February 5, 2014\\|work\\=The Daily Egyptian, Vol 98, Issue 15, pp. 1,4\\.\\|access\\-date\\=March 21, 2020}}",
"Producers used the [Kickstarter](/wiki/Kickstarter \"Kickstarter\") [crowdfunding](/wiki/Crowdfunding \"Crowdfunding\") platform.{{Cite web\\|title\\=You Could Be in a Movie Here in Maine!\\|url\\=https://b985\\.fm/you\\-could\\-be\\-in\\-a\\-movie\\-here\\-in\\-maine/\\|last\\=Buck\\|first\\=Sharon\\|website\\=B98\\.5\\|access\\-date\\=2020\\-05\\-12}} The campaign achieved 162% of its funding goal. A total of 83 official backers endorsed the picture through the site. Notable backers include [Kjell Lindgren](/wiki/Kjell_N._Lindgren \"Kjell N. Lindgren\"), and [Alex Vindman](/wiki/Alexander_Vindman \"Alexander Vindman\").",
"### Casting and filming",
"International actress and model, [Katarina Morhacova](/wiki/Katarina_Morhacova \"Katarina Morhacova\"), was offered the lead role after wrapping her performance in [Claudia La Bianca](/wiki/Claudia_La_Bianca \"Claudia La Bianca\")'s feature *[The Journey of a Dragonfly](/wiki/The_Journey_of_a_Dragonfly \"The Journey of a Dragonfly\")*. [Corbin Bernsen](/wiki/Corbin_Bernsen \"Corbin Bernsen\") was originally attached to play the role of Congressman Zachary Wright. The role was eventually recast with Mike Sutton. [David Lago](/wiki/David_Lago \"David Lago\") has a supporting role as a police officer. [Chris Kerson](/wiki/Chris_Kerson \"Chris Kerson\") was cast as the hitman. [Francis Jue](/wiki/Francis_Jue \"Francis Jue\") plays Chris, an executive butler\\-type.",
"Producers collaborated virtually between [Romania](/wiki/Romania \"Romania\") and [Maine](/wiki/Maine \"Maine\") to shoot the first half of the film during April 2014\\. After the initial shoot, Catharsis departed the project causing it to be shelved for three\\-and\\-a\\-half years. With a new team, Kozak was able to get cameras rolling again in the Fall of 2017\\. Locations in [Stafford, Virginia](/wiki/Stafford%2C_Virginia \"Stafford, Virginia\") and [Villanova, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Villanova%2C_Pennsylvania \"Villanova, Pennsylvania\") were used to shoot [Lear Jet](/wiki/Learjet \"Learjet\") and mansion interiors. In November 2018, a three\\-day shooting schedule picked up the remaining shots in [Maine](/wiki/Maine \"Maine\") and [New Hampshire](/wiki/New_Hampshire \"New Hampshire\").",
"### Post\\-production",
"Bob Kovacs edited the film in [Annandale, Virginia](/wiki/Annandale%2C_Virginia \"Annandale, Virginia\"). Special effects editing was worked by Daria Liubimova in [Russia](/wiki/Russia \"Russia\") and Robert Pilko in [Israel](/wiki/Israel \"Israel\"). LA\\-based colorist, Adrian DeLude, of [Company 3](/wiki/Company_3 \"Company 3\"), mastered the color grading.",
"Anthony Marsh of Production Station sound design services in [Australia](/wiki/Australia \"Australia\"), developed the [music score](/wiki/Film_score \"Film score\") and conducted the film's [sound design](/wiki/Sound_design \"Sound design\") and [sound editing](/wiki/Sound_editor_%28filmmaking%29 \"Sound editor (filmmaking)\").{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://independentshortsawards.com/silver\\-awards\\-august\\-2019/\\|title\\=Silver Awards: August 2019\\|date\\=2019\\-09\\-08\\|website\\=Independent Shorts Awards\\|access\\-date\\=2020\\-03\\-21}}{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://www.productionstation.tv/\\|title\\=Production Station Audio Post Production Newcastle\\|website\\=production\\-station\\|access\\-date\\=2020\\-03\\-21}} The [soundtrack](/wiki/Soundtrack \"Soundtrack\") includes the song \"[Running Up That Hill](/wiki/Running_Up_That_Hill \"Running Up That Hill\")\", by the [British](/wiki/United_Kingdom \"United Kingdom\") alternative rock band [Placebo](/wiki/Placebo_%28band%29 \"Placebo (band)\"). [Howard Pearl](/wiki/Howard_Pearl \"Howard Pearl\") was a consultant on the film.",
""
] |
History
-------
Its toponymy has been debated by historians, although some theories suggest that it was named for the [comparable civil parish](/wiki/Mosteiros_%28Ponta_Delgada%29 "Mosteiros (Ponta Delgada)") on the island of [São Miguel](/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Miguel_Island "São Miguel Island").{{citation \|url\=http://www.cmlajesdasflores.pt/municipio/juntas/mosteiro.php \|title\=Mosteiro \|editor\=Junta Freguesia \|publisher\=Junta Freguesia de Mosteiro \|accessdate\=8 February 2013 \|year\=2011 \|language\=Portuguese}} The first colonists, motivated to settle here by a man named João Soares, were settlers from the region of [Mosteiros](/wiki/Mosteiros_%28Ponta_Delgada%29 "Mosteiros (Ponta Delgada)"), renaming this zone in its honour.
In 1676, the locality of Mosteiro was de\-annexed from the parish of Lajes das Flores and included in the ecclesiastical parish of the Fajãs, with its seat in the parish of *Nossa Senhora dos Remédios da Fajanzinha*.
The adventurer António de Freitas, former seminarian, had emigrated to China, where he made his fortune. Returning from his life in the Far East in 1846, he ordered the construction of the Parochial Church of Mosteiro, in the invocation of the *Holy Trinity*, in gratitude for God's intervention in saving his possessions during the trip.
In 1850, Mosteiro was elevated to parish, along with Caldeira, on the completion of the parochial church. As related by Francisco Gomes, *"at the time of the erection of the parish it was decently ornamented, and provided with vestments, and other objects necessary for the Divine Cult"*. During this period, the parish included 90 homes, including 300 inhabitants. As Father [José António Camões](/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ant%C3%B3nio_Cam%C3%B5es "José António Camões"), wrote after describing the bridge of Sargo, he also referred to the small port of Mosteiro *"where tragically three or four boats capsized...the small port is part of a small community called "Os Mosteiros", and indicate the existence of two streams, the "Ribeira do Mosteiro" and "Ribeira dos Ladrões" (or Fundão) that ends the district of the parish of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios and Nossa Senhora do Rosário of Lajes"*. The same historian referred to a population of 31 homes, including 83 men and 92 women, noting: *"There are eight tiled houses, and not a man who wears shoes. There is a twenty\-year judge with scribe, subject to the jurisdiction of the town of Lajes. The ordinance soldiers of the village are subordinate to the 2nd company in the villa of Lajes."*
During the 18th century, with the lack of development and investments, many of the residents from the parish abandoned the parish for prosperous centres in Brazil. This was later supplanted by emigration to the United States.
The parish continued to be part of the municipality of Santa Cruz das Flores, between 18 November 1895 and 13 January 1898, when Lajes was suppressed.
|
[
"History\n-------",
"Its toponymy has been debated by historians, although some theories suggest that it was named for the [comparable civil parish](/wiki/Mosteiros_%28Ponta_Delgada%29 \"Mosteiros (Ponta Delgada)\") on the island of [São Miguel](/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Miguel_Island \"São Miguel Island\").{{citation \\|url\\=http://www.cmlajesdasflores.pt/municipio/juntas/mosteiro.php \\|title\\=Mosteiro \\|editor\\=Junta Freguesia \\|publisher\\=Junta Freguesia de Mosteiro \\|accessdate\\=8 February 2013 \\|year\\=2011 \\|language\\=Portuguese}} The first colonists, motivated to settle here by a man named João Soares, were settlers from the region of [Mosteiros](/wiki/Mosteiros_%28Ponta_Delgada%29 \"Mosteiros (Ponta Delgada)\"), renaming this zone in its honour.",
"In 1676, the locality of Mosteiro was de\\-annexed from the parish of Lajes das Flores and included in the ecclesiastical parish of the Fajãs, with its seat in the parish of *Nossa Senhora dos Remédios da Fajanzinha*.",
"The adventurer António de Freitas, former seminarian, had emigrated to China, where he made his fortune. Returning from his life in the Far East in 1846, he ordered the construction of the Parochial Church of Mosteiro, in the invocation of the *Holy Trinity*, in gratitude for God's intervention in saving his possessions during the trip.",
"In 1850, Mosteiro was elevated to parish, along with Caldeira, on the completion of the parochial church. As related by Francisco Gomes, *\"at the time of the erection of the parish it was decently ornamented, and provided with vestments, and other objects necessary for the Divine Cult\"*. During this period, the parish included 90 homes, including 300 inhabitants. As Father [José António Camões](/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ant%C3%B3nio_Cam%C3%B5es \"José António Camões\"), wrote after describing the bridge of Sargo, he also referred to the small port of Mosteiro *\"where tragically three or four boats capsized...the small port is part of a small community called \"Os Mosteiros\", and indicate the existence of two streams, the \"Ribeira do Mosteiro\" and \"Ribeira dos Ladrões\" (or Fundão) that ends the district of the parish of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios and Nossa Senhora do Rosário of Lajes\"*. The same historian referred to a population of 31 homes, including 83 men and 92 women, noting: *\"There are eight tiled houses, and not a man who wears shoes. There is a twenty\\-year judge with scribe, subject to the jurisdiction of the town of Lajes. The ordinance soldiers of the village are subordinate to the 2nd company in the villa of Lajes.\"*",
"During the 18th century, with the lack of development and investments, many of the residents from the parish abandoned the parish for prosperous centres in Brazil. This was later supplanted by emigration to the United States.",
"The parish continued to be part of the municipality of Santa Cruz das Flores, between 18 November 1895 and 13 January 1898, when Lajes was suppressed.",
""
] |
History
-------
### Establishment
The school was founded on 14 January 1861, on Mount St. Columba. "The Brothers" in Omagh were given the responsibility of ensuring that "Education be gratuitous and the admission free." On January 14, 1861, the school officially opened, with 121 boys presenting themselves for admission.
### Growth and extension
An extension was completed to the original building in 1903 as the school community continued to grow. The extension consisted of a second floor to the school and a third to the brothers' house. This came at the time a considerable cost of £1,200 partly financed by an £800 loan from past pupils. Operations of the school were moved to old Church, Brook Street while construction was under way. Once finished the renovations provided the school with three more rooms; one for Manual Instruction, a sixty student accommodating classroom and a room with all the necessities for Practical and Experimental Science. By 1932, a new building was constructed to accommodate 125 Secondary School Pupils and 6 teachers (2 Brothers), with the full site also consisting of 210 Primary School Pupils and 6 teachers (5 Brothers).
The school continued to increase in numbers throughout the 1950s, with 216 Grammar School pupils and 361 Primary School pupils along with 16 staff in total by 1955\. The Centenary Celebrations of the school were marked during January 1961, with a local housing development being named Centenary Park to commemorate the centenary of the school.
### New build
[thumb\|right\|CBS Omagh building on Kevlin Road, 2006](/wiki/File:Christian_Brother%27s_Grammar_School%2C_Omagh_-_geograph.org.uk_-_100145.jpg "Christian Brother's Grammar School, Omagh - geograph.org.uk - 100145.jpg")
[thumb\|right\|Peace pledge, Christian Brothers Grammar School](/wiki/File:Peace_pledge%2C_Christian_Brothers_Grammar_School%2C_Omagh_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4681240_%28cropped%29.jpg "Peace pledge, Christian Brothers Grammar School, Omagh - geograph.org.uk - 4681240 (cropped).jpg")
Since the construction of a new build completed in 1967, the original school building has since gone into other use as a retreat. A primary school, Holy Family Primary School \- Junior Site (previously St Colmcille's Primary School), has been the school there since. Its original headmaster was Brother John Redmond.{{cite book\|title\=From Mount St Columba to Kevlin Road}}{{verify source\|date\=November 2013}} On its first day of activity one hundred and twenty boys, all aged between five and fifteen, showed up.
The school moved to is present site on Kevlin Road in 1967\. The school building officially opened on Kevlin Road on 4 September 1967\. In 1993, after the resignation of Brother McCrohan, the school appointed its first non\-clerical headmaster, Roddy Tierney, a former pupil of the school and a teacher in the school. The Principal is Foncy McConstable who was appointed in March 2016, having been acting Principal for the previous year, and previously Vice Principal, having taught in the school since 1987\. Like Jim Allister he is a former pupil of Omagh CBS.
In 2000, the school opened a new Sports Complex at Coolnagard and, in 2007, the school won the Hogan Cup, making the school All Ireland Colleges Champions in Gaelic Football. The beginning of the 21st Century saw the school maintain its high standards of academic excellence, as well as an unprecedented period of sporting excellence. Academic rewards included record breaking A\-Level and GCSE results, as well as numerous pupils attaining top place in subjects at both GCSE and A\-Level. In 2018, the school celebrated 50 years on the Kevlin Road site.
### Strule Shared Education Campus
Initially, it was planned that by 2026, the school will relocate with five other schools to a shared campus. The other schools are [Loreto Grammar School, Omagh](/wiki/Loreto_Grammar_School%2C_Omagh "Loreto Grammar School, Omagh"), [Omagh High School](/wiki/Omagh_High_School "Omagh High School"), [Sacred Heart College, Omagh](/wiki/Sacred_Heart_College%2C_Omagh "Sacred Heart College, Omagh") and [Omagh Academy](/wiki/Omagh_Academy "Omagh Academy") which will join Arvalee Special School. the Strule Shared Education Campus is the largest ever school\-building project in Northern Ireland hye.{{cite news \|last1\=Meredith \|first1\=Robbie \|title\=Landmark Strule shared education campus faces further delay \|url\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk\-northern\-ireland\-60708475 \|access\-date\=4 June 2022 \|work\=BBC Northern Ireland \|date\=12 March 2022}}
On 18 July 2024, the [Northern Ireland Executive](/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive "Northern Ireland Executive") gave the project the go ahead, with the [Department of Education](/wiki/Department_of_Education_%28Northern_Ireland%29 "Department of Education (Northern Ireland)") minister [Paul Givan](/wiki/Paul_Givan "Paul Givan") saying the project is "a new and pioneering approach which will inform the future development of education in Northern Ireland over the coming decades". He further said that shared education has "has a key role in developing a peaceful and shared society and the Strule Campus is a vital component in the Executive's vision of delivering a more peaceful and prosperous society for all".{{cite web \|last1\=Harte \|first1\=Lauren \|title\=Stormont gives green light for six\-school shared education campus \|url\=https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/northern\-ireland/stormont\-gives\-green\-light\-six\-29570864 \|website\=Belfast Live \|access\-date\=18 July 2024 \|language\=en \|date\=18 July 2024}} Following the announcement, the new date of which the Strule Shared Education Campus will be completed by is September 2028\.
The new build Christian Brothers Grammar School as part of the campus is to be located centrally within the campus, located to the north of the campus beside the Shared Education Centre and in close proximity to the Shared Sports Centre. The new build for the school is to be designed in three distinct parts; a two\-storey wing to the east, a central three storey wing and a single storey wing to the west.{{cite web \|title\=Christian Brothers Grammar School \|url\=https://strule.org/schools\-and\-masterplan/christian\-brothers\-grammar\-school/ \|website\=Strule \|access\-date\=18 July 2024}}
|
[
"History\n-------",
"### Establishment",
"The school was founded on 14 January 1861, on Mount St. Columba. \"The Brothers\" in Omagh were given the responsibility of ensuring that \"Education be gratuitous and the admission free.\" On January 14, 1861, the school officially opened, with 121 boys presenting themselves for admission.",
"### Growth and extension",
"An extension was completed to the original building in 1903 as the school community continued to grow. The extension consisted of a second floor to the school and a third to the brothers' house. This came at the time a considerable cost of £1,200 partly financed by an £800 loan from past pupils. Operations of the school were moved to old Church, Brook Street while construction was under way. Once finished the renovations provided the school with three more rooms; one for Manual Instruction, a sixty student accommodating classroom and a room with all the necessities for Practical and Experimental Science. By 1932, a new building was constructed to accommodate 125 Secondary School Pupils and 6 teachers (2 Brothers), with the full site also consisting of 210 Primary School Pupils and 6 teachers (5 Brothers).",
"The school continued to increase in numbers throughout the 1950s, with 216 Grammar School pupils and 361 Primary School pupils along with 16 staff in total by 1955\\. The Centenary Celebrations of the school were marked during January 1961, with a local housing development being named Centenary Park to commemorate the centenary of the school.",
"### New build",
"[thumb\\|right\\|CBS Omagh building on Kevlin Road, 2006](/wiki/File:Christian_Brother%27s_Grammar_School%2C_Omagh_-_geograph.org.uk_-_100145.jpg \"Christian Brother's Grammar School, Omagh - geograph.org.uk - 100145.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|right\\|Peace pledge, Christian Brothers Grammar School](/wiki/File:Peace_pledge%2C_Christian_Brothers_Grammar_School%2C_Omagh_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4681240_%28cropped%29.jpg \"Peace pledge, Christian Brothers Grammar School, Omagh - geograph.org.uk - 4681240 (cropped).jpg\")",
"Since the construction of a new build completed in 1967, the original school building has since gone into other use as a retreat. A primary school, Holy Family Primary School \\- Junior Site (previously St Colmcille's Primary School), has been the school there since. Its original headmaster was Brother John Redmond.{{cite book\\|title\\=From Mount St Columba to Kevlin Road}}{{verify source\\|date\\=November 2013}} On its first day of activity one hundred and twenty boys, all aged between five and fifteen, showed up.",
"The school moved to is present site on Kevlin Road in 1967\\. The school building officially opened on Kevlin Road on 4 September 1967\\. In 1993, after the resignation of Brother McCrohan, the school appointed its first non\\-clerical headmaster, Roddy Tierney, a former pupil of the school and a teacher in the school. The Principal is Foncy McConstable who was appointed in March 2016, having been acting Principal for the previous year, and previously Vice Principal, having taught in the school since 1987\\. Like Jim Allister he is a former pupil of Omagh CBS.",
"In 2000, the school opened a new Sports Complex at Coolnagard and, in 2007, the school won the Hogan Cup, making the school All Ireland Colleges Champions in Gaelic Football. The beginning of the 21st Century saw the school maintain its high standards of academic excellence, as well as an unprecedented period of sporting excellence. Academic rewards included record breaking A\\-Level and GCSE results, as well as numerous pupils attaining top place in subjects at both GCSE and A\\-Level. In 2018, the school celebrated 50 years on the Kevlin Road site.",
"### Strule Shared Education Campus",
"Initially, it was planned that by 2026, the school will relocate with five other schools to a shared campus. The other schools are [Loreto Grammar School, Omagh](/wiki/Loreto_Grammar_School%2C_Omagh \"Loreto Grammar School, Omagh\"), [Omagh High School](/wiki/Omagh_High_School \"Omagh High School\"), [Sacred Heart College, Omagh](/wiki/Sacred_Heart_College%2C_Omagh \"Sacred Heart College, Omagh\") and [Omagh Academy](/wiki/Omagh_Academy \"Omagh Academy\") which will join Arvalee Special School. the Strule Shared Education Campus is the largest ever school\\-building project in Northern Ireland hye.{{cite news \\|last1\\=Meredith \\|first1\\=Robbie \\|title\\=Landmark Strule shared education campus faces further delay \\|url\\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk\\-northern\\-ireland\\-60708475 \\|access\\-date\\=4 June 2022 \\|work\\=BBC Northern Ireland \\|date\\=12 March 2022}}",
"On 18 July 2024, the [Northern Ireland Executive](/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive \"Northern Ireland Executive\") gave the project the go ahead, with the [Department of Education](/wiki/Department_of_Education_%28Northern_Ireland%29 \"Department of Education (Northern Ireland)\") minister [Paul Givan](/wiki/Paul_Givan \"Paul Givan\") saying the project is \"a new and pioneering approach which will inform the future development of education in Northern Ireland over the coming decades\". He further said that shared education has \"has a key role in developing a peaceful and shared society and the Strule Campus is a vital component in the Executive's vision of delivering a more peaceful and prosperous society for all\".{{cite web \\|last1\\=Harte \\|first1\\=Lauren \\|title\\=Stormont gives green light for six\\-school shared education campus \\|url\\=https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/northern\\-ireland/stormont\\-gives\\-green\\-light\\-six\\-29570864 \\|website\\=Belfast Live \\|access\\-date\\=18 July 2024 \\|language\\=en \\|date\\=18 July 2024}} Following the announcement, the new date of which the Strule Shared Education Campus will be completed by is September 2028\\.",
"The new build Christian Brothers Grammar School as part of the campus is to be located centrally within the campus, located to the north of the campus beside the Shared Education Centre and in close proximity to the Shared Sports Centre. The new build for the school is to be designed in three distinct parts; a two\\-storey wing to the east, a central three storey wing and a single storey wing to the west.{{cite web \\|title\\=Christian Brothers Grammar School \\|url\\=https://strule.org/schools\\-and\\-masterplan/christian\\-brothers\\-grammar\\-school/ \\|website\\=Strule \\|access\\-date\\=18 July 2024}}",
""
] |
Overview
--------
### School ethos
[thumb\|right\|Sports pitch, with the school building in the background](/wiki/File:Christian_Brother%27s_Grammar_School%2C_Omagh_-_geograph.org.uk_-_887702.jpg "Christian Brother's Grammar School, Omagh - geograph.org.uk - 887702.jpg")
Christian Brothers' Grammar School, Omagh is part of the Edmund Rice Schools network and subscribes to the Edmund Rice Schools Trust's Charter. These values focus on teaching and lifelong learning, caring for one another, the development of the Catholic faith, transformational leadership and a genuine sense of community and partnership.
Admission of boys to the school indicate that both the boys attending, and their parents, subscribe to the school's status as an Edmund Rice School, an acceptance of all school regulations by each student and his parents and an undertaking to observe all such regulations.
Boys attending Christian Brothers' Grammar School, Omagh will have the opportunity to nurture their faith through active participation in whole school masses, collective acts of worship and daily prayer.
### School Development Fund
The school operates a School Development Fund, with parents of each student attending being asked to contribute £60 towards the Christian Brothers School Development Fund. For families with two sons attending, the contribution is £100 and £120 for three or more sons attending the school.
Contributions to the school development fund are used exclusively to benefit the students, providing additional resources and facilities beyond the allocated school budget allowance.
### Uniform
Thon school states that its school uniform is a "visible statement of each student's allegiance to this school community". The school's current uniform policy is as follows:
Compulsory School Uniform
* Black blazer with school crest
* Long black school trousers
* Light blue shirt with long or short sleeves as preferred
* School tie
* Plain black formal shoes or boots without any decoration
* P.E. Kit
Optional: Royal blue v\-neck jumpar.
Boys attending the school are expected to wear their blazers when moving between classes, but may remove them during class. Additionally, the school places an expectation that boys' shirts should always be buttoned at the neck and cuffs, and ties should be properly worn. Additionally, the school expects that t\-shirts or vests, or other undergarments worn under the shirt, should be white and not visible at the shirt collar or cuffs. Boys are not permitted to wear coloured or printed t\-shirts which are visible through their shirts.
Boys are only permitted to wear formal style black leather shoes or boots. Trainers or canvas style footwear are not
permitted. No deviation or variation from orthodox black shoes or boots is permitted.
### Attainment levels
In 2018, 94\.2% of its entrants achieved five or more GCSEs at grades A\* to C, including the core subjects English and Maths.{{cite news\|title\=Belfast Telegraph GCSE 2018\|newspaper\=Belfasttelegraph\|url\=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/education/league\-tables/gcse\-northern\-ireland\-school\-league\-table\-2018\-36708204\.html\|access\-date\=22 September 2018}}
In 2019 the school was ranked 18th out of 159 secondary schools in Northern Ireland with 6\.7% of its A\-level students who sat the exams in 2017/18 being awarded three A\*\-C grades.{{cite news\|title\= Belfast Telegraph A\-Level: Northern Ireland School League Tables 2019\|newspaper\=Belfasttelegraph\|url\=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/education/league\-tables/2019/alevel\-northern\-ireland\-school\-league\-table\-2019\-37935474\.html\|access\-date\=21 March 2019}}
The school had an overall attendance rate of 89\.6% (2021–22\), and in 2023, had 950 boys enrolled (exclusive of statemented students) and 135 admissions.
#### Year 12 Attainment
| \+ Attainment of boys attending CBS Omagh in core GCSE subjects{{cite web \|title\=Christian Brothers’ Grammar School, Omagh, County Tyrone Voluntary grammar, boys’, 11\-18 school Report of an Inspection (Involving Action Short of Strike) in December 2017 \|url\=https://www.etini.gov.uk/sites/etini.gov.uk/files/publications/asos\-post\-primary\-inspection\-christian\-brothers\-grammar\-school\-omagh\-county\-tyrone\-242\-0064\_1\.pdf \|website\=The Education and Training Inspectorate \|access\-date\=11 July 2024}} |
| --- |
| Subject | CBS Omagh A\* \- B | Northern Ireland A\* \- B Average |
| English Language | 78\.80% | 73% |
| Mathematics | 76\.10% | 72% |
| English Literature | 71\.50% | 75% |
| Ulster Scots | 86\.80% | 75% |
#### Year 14 Attainment
| \+ Attainment of boys attending CBS Omagh in core GCE A level subjects |
| --- |
| Subject | CBS Omagh A\* \- B | Northern Ireland A\* \- B Average |
| Information Technology | 73\.60% | 77\.50%
| Mathematics | 91\.00% | 90\.60% |
| English Literature | 78\.90% | 86\.90% |
| Mathematics Lesser | 91\.50% | 94\.20% |
|
[
"Overview\n--------",
"### School ethos",
"[thumb\\|right\\|Sports pitch, with the school building in the background](/wiki/File:Christian_Brother%27s_Grammar_School%2C_Omagh_-_geograph.org.uk_-_887702.jpg \"Christian Brother's Grammar School, Omagh - geograph.org.uk - 887702.jpg\")",
"Christian Brothers' Grammar School, Omagh is part of the Edmund Rice Schools network and subscribes to the Edmund Rice Schools Trust's Charter. These values focus on teaching and lifelong learning, caring for one another, the development of the Catholic faith, transformational leadership and a genuine sense of community and partnership.",
"Admission of boys to the school indicate that both the boys attending, and their parents, subscribe to the school's status as an Edmund Rice School, an acceptance of all school regulations by each student and his parents and an undertaking to observe all such regulations.",
"Boys attending Christian Brothers' Grammar School, Omagh will have the opportunity to nurture their faith through active participation in whole school masses, collective acts of worship and daily prayer.",
"### School Development Fund",
"The school operates a School Development Fund, with parents of each student attending being asked to contribute £60 towards the Christian Brothers School Development Fund. For families with two sons attending, the contribution is £100 and £120 for three or more sons attending the school.",
"Contributions to the school development fund are used exclusively to benefit the students, providing additional resources and facilities beyond the allocated school budget allowance.",
"### Uniform",
"Thon school states that its school uniform is a \"visible statement of each student's allegiance to this school community\". The school's current uniform policy is as follows:",
"Compulsory School Uniform\n* Black blazer with school crest\n* Long black school trousers\n* Light blue shirt with long or short sleeves as preferred\n* School tie\n* Plain black formal shoes or boots without any decoration\n* P.E. Kit",
"Optional: Royal blue v\\-neck jumpar.",
"Boys attending the school are expected to wear their blazers when moving between classes, but may remove them during class. Additionally, the school places an expectation that boys' shirts should always be buttoned at the neck and cuffs, and ties should be properly worn. Additionally, the school expects that t\\-shirts or vests, or other undergarments worn under the shirt, should be white and not visible at the shirt collar or cuffs. Boys are not permitted to wear coloured or printed t\\-shirts which are visible through their shirts.",
"Boys are only permitted to wear formal style black leather shoes or boots. Trainers or canvas style footwear are not\npermitted. No deviation or variation from orthodox black shoes or boots is permitted.",
"### Attainment levels",
"In 2018, 94\\.2% of its entrants achieved five or more GCSEs at grades A\\* to C, including the core subjects English and Maths.{{cite news\\|title\\=Belfast Telegraph GCSE 2018\\|newspaper\\=Belfasttelegraph\\|url\\=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/education/league\\-tables/gcse\\-northern\\-ireland\\-school\\-league\\-table\\-2018\\-36708204\\.html\\|access\\-date\\=22 September 2018}}",
"In 2019 the school was ranked 18th out of 159 secondary schools in Northern Ireland with 6\\.7% of its A\\-level students who sat the exams in 2017/18 being awarded three A\\*\\-C grades.{{cite news\\|title\\= Belfast Telegraph A\\-Level: Northern Ireland School League Tables 2019\\|newspaper\\=Belfasttelegraph\\|url\\=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/education/league\\-tables/2019/alevel\\-northern\\-ireland\\-school\\-league\\-table\\-2019\\-37935474\\.html\\|access\\-date\\=21 March 2019}}",
"The school had an overall attendance rate of 89\\.6% (2021–22\\), and in 2023, had 950 boys enrolled (exclusive of statemented students) and 135 admissions.",
"#### Year 12 Attainment",
"",
"| \\+ Attainment of boys attending CBS Omagh in core GCSE subjects{{cite web \\|title\\=Christian Brothers’ Grammar School, Omagh, County Tyrone Voluntary grammar, boys’, 11\\-18 school Report of an Inspection (Involving Action Short of Strike) in December 2017 \\|url\\=https://www.etini.gov.uk/sites/etini.gov.uk/files/publications/asos\\-post\\-primary\\-inspection\\-christian\\-brothers\\-grammar\\-school\\-omagh\\-county\\-tyrone\\-242\\-0064\\_1\\.pdf \\|website\\=The Education and Training Inspectorate \\|access\\-date\\=11 July 2024}} |\n| --- |\n| Subject | CBS Omagh A\\* \\- B | Northern Ireland A\\* \\- B Average |\n| English Language | 78\\.80% | 73% |\n| Mathematics | 76\\.10% | 72% |\n| English Literature | 71\\.50% | 75% |\n| Ulster Scots | 86\\.80% | 75% |",
"#### Year 14 Attainment",
"",
"| \\+ Attainment of boys attending CBS Omagh in core GCE A level subjects |\n| --- |\n| Subject | CBS Omagh A\\* \\- B | Northern Ireland A\\* \\- B Average |\n| Information Technology | 73\\.60% | 77\\.50%",
"| Mathematics | 91\\.00% | 90\\.60% |\n| English Literature | 78\\.90% | 86\\.90% |\n| Mathematics Lesser | 91\\.50% | 94\\.20% |",
""
] |
Plot
----
The town of Garrison, [New Jersey](/wiki/New_Jersey "New Jersey") is home to a cadre of policemen from the [NYPD](/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department "New York City Police Department")'s 37th Precinct: Lt. Ray Donlan, Det. Leo Crasky, and officers Gary Figgis, Jack Rucker, Frank Lagonda and Joey Randone. Exploiting a loophole that allows them to live outside the city by being designated "auxiliary transit cops", Donlan and his men are effectively untouchable by the NYPD's [internal affairs](/wiki/Internal_affairs_%28law_enforcement%29 "Internal affairs (law enforcement)") division and are further protected by the local [sheriff](/wiki/Sheriff "Sheriff"), Freddy Heflin. Unable to fulfill his lifelong dream of joining the NYPD due to losing his hearing in one ear while rescuing a woman as a young man, Heflin idolizes Donlan and refuses to help IA investigator Lt. Moe Tilden.
One night, Donlan's nephew, Officer Murray Babitch, is sideswiped by two [African American](/wiki/African_Americans "African Americans") youths while driving across the [George Washington Bridge](/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge "George Washington Bridge"). One of the youths points what looks like a weapon at Babitch just as his tire blows out from a glass puncture; a frightened Babitch shoots them both dead. Donlan, Rucker and Crasky show up and try to [plant a gun](/wiki/False_evidence "False evidence") in the teens' car, only to get caught by a paramedic. In desperation, Donlan convinces Babitch to fake his suicide before hiding him in Garrison with a promise that he will set him up with a new identity.
Randone's wife Liz — the woman Heflin saved from drowning — visits Heflin at his home and they confess their feelings for each other. Meanwhile, the [coke](/wiki/Cocaine "Cocaine")\-addicted Figgis is kicked out of Donlan's circle, and his house burns down soon after with his girlfriend inside; Heflin lets him stay at his home thinking that Donlan tried to kill him. Fearing that Babitch will expose him, Donlan unsuccessfully tries to drown his nephew; Babitch escapes and goes to Heflin for help but flees when he sees Figgis. During a drug bust, Randone is thrown off a roof to his death. Donlan chooses not to save him after learning that Randone has been sleeping with his wife, Rose.
Tired of being pushed around by Donlan and his men, Heflin visits Tilden to offer his help with the investigation, only to learn that the [mayor](/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City "Mayor of New York City"), under pressure from Donlan's allies in the [police union](/wiki/Police_union "Police union"), has ordered IA to cease investigating. As Heflin leaves, he steals discarded IA files that reveal Donlan's ties to [organized crime](/wiki/Organized_crime "Organized crime"). Donlan has used those connections to create a safe haven in Garrison while [trafficking drugs](/wiki/Drug_trafficking "Drug trafficking") through the 37th Precinct, even having a cop who sought to testify against him stabbed to death in his jail cell.
Heflin brings the files to his deputies Cindy and Bill, but Bill is reluctant to get involved while Cindy loses faith in Heflin's leadership and hands in her badge. Rucker tries to intimidate Heflin over his IA visit at a carnival pistol game, but he's surprised to find that Heflin is a crack shot. While later sharing dinner, a rattled Liz chides Heflin for digging into Donlan and accuses him of trying to take Randone's place in her life. Resigned, he walks away from her.
After Lagonda threatens him at a gas station, Heflin looks into the fire at Figgis' house and realizes that it was [arson](/wiki/Arson "Arson"). Figgis admits that he started the fire to commit [insurance fraud](/wiki/Insurance_fraud "Insurance fraud") so he could leave Garrison and start over. The two men argue, and Figgis abandons Heflin and drives away. Heflin goes to Rose and convinces her to reveal where Babitch is hiding, planning to hand him over to Tilden. After sending Bill away for his own protection, Heflin walks Babitch over to his car but is ambushed by Rucker, who fires a gun next to his good ear and renders him completely deaf. Discombobulated, Heflin follows Rucker as he drives Babitch to Donlan's residence.
In the ensuing shootout, Heflin kills Lagonda and Rucker; Crasky wounds him in the shoulder before Figgis suddenly appears and guns Crasky down. Inside, Donlan tries to shoot Heflin in the back before Figgis distracts him, resulting in Heflin fatally shooting Donlan in the chest. The two men drive Babitch to [One Police Plaza](/wiki/One_Police_Plaza "One Police Plaza") and deliver him to Tilden. Figgis [turns state's evidence](/wiki/Turn_state%27s_evidence "Turn state's evidence"), resulting in sweeping arrests and indictments across the union, the mob and the 37th Precinct. Heflin undergoes medical treatment to fix his good ear and returns to his old job in Garrison.
|
[
"Plot\n----",
"The town of Garrison, [New Jersey](/wiki/New_Jersey \"New Jersey\") is home to a cadre of policemen from the [NYPD](/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department \"New York City Police Department\")'s 37th Precinct: Lt. Ray Donlan, Det. Leo Crasky, and officers Gary Figgis, Jack Rucker, Frank Lagonda and Joey Randone. Exploiting a loophole that allows them to live outside the city by being designated \"auxiliary transit cops\", Donlan and his men are effectively untouchable by the NYPD's [internal affairs](/wiki/Internal_affairs_%28law_enforcement%29 \"Internal affairs (law enforcement)\") division and are further protected by the local [sheriff](/wiki/Sheriff \"Sheriff\"), Freddy Heflin. Unable to fulfill his lifelong dream of joining the NYPD due to losing his hearing in one ear while rescuing a woman as a young man, Heflin idolizes Donlan and refuses to help IA investigator Lt. Moe Tilden.",
"One night, Donlan's nephew, Officer Murray Babitch, is sideswiped by two [African American](/wiki/African_Americans \"African Americans\") youths while driving across the [George Washington Bridge](/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge \"George Washington Bridge\"). One of the youths points what looks like a weapon at Babitch just as his tire blows out from a glass puncture; a frightened Babitch shoots them both dead. Donlan, Rucker and Crasky show up and try to [plant a gun](/wiki/False_evidence \"False evidence\") in the teens' car, only to get caught by a paramedic. In desperation, Donlan convinces Babitch to fake his suicide before hiding him in Garrison with a promise that he will set him up with a new identity.",
"Randone's wife Liz — the woman Heflin saved from drowning — visits Heflin at his home and they confess their feelings for each other. Meanwhile, the [coke](/wiki/Cocaine \"Cocaine\")\\-addicted Figgis is kicked out of Donlan's circle, and his house burns down soon after with his girlfriend inside; Heflin lets him stay at his home thinking that Donlan tried to kill him. Fearing that Babitch will expose him, Donlan unsuccessfully tries to drown his nephew; Babitch escapes and goes to Heflin for help but flees when he sees Figgis. During a drug bust, Randone is thrown off a roof to his death. Donlan chooses not to save him after learning that Randone has been sleeping with his wife, Rose.",
"Tired of being pushed around by Donlan and his men, Heflin visits Tilden to offer his help with the investigation, only to learn that the [mayor](/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City \"Mayor of New York City\"), under pressure from Donlan's allies in the [police union](/wiki/Police_union \"Police union\"), has ordered IA to cease investigating. As Heflin leaves, he steals discarded IA files that reveal Donlan's ties to [organized crime](/wiki/Organized_crime \"Organized crime\"). Donlan has used those connections to create a safe haven in Garrison while [trafficking drugs](/wiki/Drug_trafficking \"Drug trafficking\") through the 37th Precinct, even having a cop who sought to testify against him stabbed to death in his jail cell.",
"Heflin brings the files to his deputies Cindy and Bill, but Bill is reluctant to get involved while Cindy loses faith in Heflin's leadership and hands in her badge. Rucker tries to intimidate Heflin over his IA visit at a carnival pistol game, but he's surprised to find that Heflin is a crack shot. While later sharing dinner, a rattled Liz chides Heflin for digging into Donlan and accuses him of trying to take Randone's place in her life. Resigned, he walks away from her.",
"After Lagonda threatens him at a gas station, Heflin looks into the fire at Figgis' house and realizes that it was [arson](/wiki/Arson \"Arson\"). Figgis admits that he started the fire to commit [insurance fraud](/wiki/Insurance_fraud \"Insurance fraud\") so he could leave Garrison and start over. The two men argue, and Figgis abandons Heflin and drives away. Heflin goes to Rose and convinces her to reveal where Babitch is hiding, planning to hand him over to Tilden. After sending Bill away for his own protection, Heflin walks Babitch over to his car but is ambushed by Rucker, who fires a gun next to his good ear and renders him completely deaf. Discombobulated, Heflin follows Rucker as he drives Babitch to Donlan's residence.",
"In the ensuing shootout, Heflin kills Lagonda and Rucker; Crasky wounds him in the shoulder before Figgis suddenly appears and guns Crasky down. Inside, Donlan tries to shoot Heflin in the back before Figgis distracts him, resulting in Heflin fatally shooting Donlan in the chest. The two men drive Babitch to [One Police Plaza](/wiki/One_Police_Plaza \"One Police Plaza\") and deliver him to Tilden. Figgis [turns state's evidence](/wiki/Turn_state%27s_evidence \"Turn state's evidence\"), resulting in sweeping arrests and indictments across the union, the mob and the 37th Precinct. Heflin undergoes medical treatment to fix his good ear and returns to his old job in Garrison.",
""
] |
History
-------
### Formation of the division
In early 1942, the Oblast Committee (Obkom) of the Party and the City Committee of Defense were instructed that [Stalingrad](/wiki/Volgograd "Volgograd") would form a division. Later, this division had the grievous task of being one of the first to enter the unequal battle against the German forces breaking through to Stalingrad. The terms of formation and composition of the division were determined by a special resolution from the GKO. Units of the 10th NKVD, commanded by Colonel Alexander A. Sarayev, arrived in Stalingrad in January 1942\. Major Vasiliy Ivanovich Zaytsev was appointed Chief of Staff of the Division. The core of the division were soldiers and commanders of the [Border Troops](/wiki/Soviet_Border_Troops "Soviet Border Troops") from Ural and Siberian regions including [Sverdlovsk](/wiki/Sverdlovsk%2C_Luhansk_Oblast "Sverdlovsk, Luhansk Oblast"), [Irkutsk](/wiki/Irkutsk "Irkutsk"), and [Novosibirsk](/wiki/Novosibirsk "Novosibirsk"), but the nuclei of the 269th and 270th regiments were citizens of Stalingrad, Party workers, and members of the [Komsomol](/wiki/Komsomol "Komsomol") organizations of the city. Roughly three thousand Stalingrad locals served in the division.[Подвиг воинов\-чекистов во время Сталинградской битвы. М. С. Орлова](http://monument.volgadmin.ru/start.asp?np=12-89)
### Operational activities prior to the Battle of Stalingrad
The division performed the tasks of policing in Stalingrad, and in the surrounding [Oblast](/wiki/Oblast "Oblast"), in [Voronezh](/wiki/Voronezh "Voronezh"), in the rears of the Southwestern Front, the [Voronezh Front](/wiki/Voronezh_Front "Voronezh Front"), and [Stalingrad Front](/wiki/Stalingrad_Front "Stalingrad Front"); enforcing martial law; and the task of preventing enemy recon and saboteur groups from operating in these rear areas.
* 29 January – 3 July 1942 \- 41st Rifle Regiment protected law and order in and around Voronezh.
* 17–22 March 1942 \- The division at Stalingrad conducted a documentation screening operation of the city's population and successfully detained nine spies, 106 criminals, and 187 people with variously suspicious documents.
* Sometime in June, 1942 \- 273rd Rifle Regiment near the village of Novoaninsky destroyed a landing of Germans ([Brandenburgers](/wiki/Brandenburgers "Brandenburgers")) armed with Soviet weapons and equipment disguised as Red Army soldiers, killing 47 of them and capturing 2\.
* 3–31 July 1942 \- 41st Rifle Regiment took part in the defense of Voronezh, the first of the regiments of the division to take part in the frontline fighting during this period. The regiment killed up to 1,500 Germans and captured 17 machine guns, 42 machine pistols, 730 rifles, 415 grenades, 17,000 rounds of ammunition. The regiment suffered a loss of one third of its personnel in killed, wounded and missing.
* 12 July 1942 \- The division is included in the active Army
* 13–27 July 1942 \- In the defense of the rear of the Stalingrad Front, the division arrested 15 spies and 2,775 people (Brandenburgers) found without valid documents.
Sometime in July 1942 \- The division formed an auxiliary artillery battalion.
* August 1942 \- 41st Rifle Regiment was detached from the division and assigned to the 18th Independent Sappers Brigade of the NKVD Internal Troops.
### Fighting in the Battle of Stalingrad
The division, alongside the people's militias, received the first blow of the Germans penetrating towards the Volga in the summer of 1942\.Гундырин П. А. Путешествие по Волгограду. — Волгоград, 1987\. С.116\. Worker's militias were not just employed here in reconnaissance, but were deployed to catch enemy parachutists, spies, and saboteurs.
In appreciation of the division's defense of the city, the commander of the 62nd Army [Vasiliy Chuykov](/wiki/Vasily_Chuikov "Vasily Chuikov") said: "The fighters of Colonel Sarayev's 10th Stalingrad Division VV must have been the first defenders of Stalingrad, and they overcame the difficult challenge with flying colours, courageously and selflessly fighting against superior enemy forces until the arrival of the 62nd Army."[Воины\-Сталинградцы в сражении на курской дуге](http://www.vvmvd.ru/menu2/history/vv-vov/vv-vov_6.html) — Сайт Внутренние войска\|Внутренних войск [МВД](/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%92%D0%94 "МВД")
The division, stretched over {{convert\|50\|mi\|km\|order\=flip}}, led many fierce battles against the Germans. In the early stages of the battle for the city, the divisional HQ was billeted in the Tsarina gulley, not far from the "Lighthouse" restaurant.{{Cite web \|url\=http://region34\.nm.ru/guide/monuments/historys/vor\_mon\_008\.html \|title\=История Волгограда. Памятник Чекистам \|access\-date\=29 May 2012 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324052018/http://region34\.nm.ru/guide/monuments/historys/vor\_mon\_008\.html \|archive\-date\=24 March 2009 \|url\-status\=dead \|df\=dmy\-all }}
The 10th Division, with a battalion of industrial workers, successfully defended the [F. Dzerzhinsky Tractor Factory](/wiki/Volgograd_Tractor_Factory "Volgograd Tractor Factory") and later counter\-attacked to regain several kilometres, despite shortages in technology and manpower.
[thumb\|right\|250px\|Obelisk dedicated to the soldiers of the 10th NKVD in "[Chekist](/wiki/Cheka "Cheka") Square" in [Volgograd](/wiki/Volgograd "Volgograd")](/wiki/File:Chekists_square_Volgograd.jpg "Chekists square Volgograd.jpg")
On 2 August 1942, the 2nd Battalion of the 270th Rifle Regiment first engaged the Germans in Stalingrad.
On 14 August 1942, the 273rd Rifle Regiment detached from the division and joined the 12th "Ordzhonikidzevskaya" Rifle Division of the NKVD VV.
The bulk of the division's forces defended the west and south\-west of the city, holding these areas against the sudden breakout of the enemy into the city. In addition to this, there was a consolidated battalion in the north. On 16 August, the 282nd Rifle Regiment of the 12th NKVD VV Rifle Division arrived from Saratov and was attached to the 10th. This regiment was immediately sent to the north to reinforcement the composite battalion. On the left bank of the Volga, the division was supported by several reserve regiments from High Command.
The 272nd Rifle Regiment, under command of G. P. Savchuk, and a group of student volunteers occupied a Military\-Political Academy in the path of an impending enemy breakthrough. During five days of fierce fighting, the regiment denied elements of the 295th Infantry, 71st Infantry and 24th Panzer Divisions (all belonging to the LI Armeekorps). These enemy forces suffered heavy losses and the Germans' plan to capture the center of the city and the major crossing of the Volga was thwarted.
On 8 September began fighting for the southern part of the Voroshilov district. By mid\-afternoon of 9 September, forward units of the NKVD, who were on the second line, had come under direct enemy attack. The Soviets launched a swift counterattack and the Germans were caught by surprise.
On 12 September, the fighting for the defense of the South\-Eastern Front of Stalingrad was assigned to the 62nd Army, to which the 10th NKVD VV Division was now attached.
On 13 September, the enemy planned another assault on the city. In the morning they hit Soviet fortified positions, including those of the 269th Rifle Regiment of the 10th NKVD, with heavy artillery and mortar fire. Aviation groups of up to 40 aircraft bombed areas in the Russian rear. At 7:00, the offensive began. For three hours, elements of the 62nd Army repelled enemy attacks which penetrated the first line, knocked out forward posts, and reached the positions of the 269th Rifle Regiment. In this difficult and hazardous situation, the 269th held their area, blocking the path to the Hill 102\.0 [Mamayev Kurgan](/wiki/Mamayev_Kurgan "Mamayev Kurgan"). In the center of this fighting was the 270th Rifle Regiment under the command of Major A.K. Zhuravlev. Despite their numerical superiority, the enemy did not successfully enter the center of Stalingrad on 13 September.
The next day began again with German air and artillery bombardments in preparation for an attack. The entire Soviet front from Mamayev Kurgan to Kuporosnoye suffered German shock\-attacks. Following these, the entire German front advanced with large\-scale infantry and armour formations. Against the 269th Rifle Regiment alone the Germans concentrated up to eight battalions and 50 tanks. At 1400 hours, two submachine gun battalions with three tanks penetrated the regiment's rear and captured the peak of Mamayev Kurgan. The Germans then began firing on the ["Red October" factory](/wiki/Krasny_Oktyabr_Closed_Joint-Stock_Company "Krasny Oktyabr Closed Joint-Stock Company"). To recapture the peak, a submachine gun company of the 269th, under command of Junior Lieutenant Lyubeznov, and the 416th Rifle Regiment of the 112th Rifle Division with two tanks launched a counterattack. By 1800 hours, the height has been cleared out.
Over the two days of fighting, the 269th Rifle Regiment killed and wounded more than a thousand soldiers and officers and disabled 20 enemy tanks.
On the night of 15 September, the enemy infiltrated the positions of the [NKVD](/wiki/NKVD "NKVD") and specialists, captured the train\-station and reached the rear of the 262nd regiment and 1st battalion of the 270th regiment. Nothing was prepared to repel such an infiltration and bloody, desperate fighting ensued from Mamayev to Kuporosnoye.
At dawn on 16 September, four soldiers of the division waged an unequal battle against advancing tanks for several hours. They destroyed a total of 20 vehicles and were all posthumously awarded with high state honours.
Together with elements of the 10th NKVD's northern groups, the 62nd Army conducted bitter defensive operations all through September and regained ground in some areas. On 7 October, surviving soldiers of the regiment {{which\|date\=May 2012}} were consolidated into two companies and which were added to the consolidated battalion under the command of the Captain Ryabchevskiy. Every day they fought off several fierce attacks from the enemy, preventing him from breaking through to the tractor plant.
From August 1942 onward, from the elements of the 10th NKVD remained the 282nd Infantry Regiment, defending the height of 135\.4\.
Between 23 August – 8 October 1942 during the battle of Stalingrad, the division killed or wounded up to 15,000 German soldiers and officers, destroyed or disabled 113 tanks, 8 armored vehicles, destroyed or captured 6 guns, 51 mortars, 138 machine guns, two ammunition depots, 2 aircraft shot down, and seized a German regiment's banner.По другим сведениям — частями дивизии было уничтожено свыше 21 тысячи немецких солдат и офицеров, 121 танк, около 30 орудий, до 60 миномётов, 138 пулемётов противника.
For exemplary service in the combat operations in the defense of the Volga shores, the Soviet High Command awarded the 10th NKVD VV Division with the [Order of Lenin](/wiki/Order_of_Lenin "Order of Lenin") on 2 December 1942\.
### Further history
Divisional losses were heavy. By order of the commander of the Stalingrad Front, the division was demobilized in early October 1942 and moved to the village of Zaplavnoye. The division consisted of little more than 200 men of initial 7568\.
In mid\-October 1942, the division headquarters was ordered to redeploy to the city of Chelyabinsk to reorganize. The division took on a new structure:
* Three Rifle Regiments
* One Artillery Regiment
* One Auxiliary Anti\-Tank Battalion
* Various support and logistical units
The core of the newly organized unit was approximately 2,700 men and officers who were veterans of the battle of Stalingrad. The battle of Stalingrad ended on 2 February 1943, and on 5 February the division was renamed the [181st Rifle Division](/wiki/181st_Rifle_Division "181st Rifle Division") and transferred to regular Red Army command. Subsequently, the fighting experience and techniques of the men of "Stalingradskaya" were further developed in the battle of Kursk in the crossing of the Vistula river. The division saw the close of the war while in [Breslau](/wiki/Breslau "Breslau").
|
[
"History\n-------",
"### Formation of the division",
"In early 1942, the Oblast Committee (Obkom) of the Party and the City Committee of Defense were instructed that [Stalingrad](/wiki/Volgograd \"Volgograd\") would form a division. Later, this division had the grievous task of being one of the first to enter the unequal battle against the German forces breaking through to Stalingrad. The terms of formation and composition of the division were determined by a special resolution from the GKO. Units of the 10th NKVD, commanded by Colonel Alexander A. Sarayev, arrived in Stalingrad in January 1942\\. Major Vasiliy Ivanovich Zaytsev was appointed Chief of Staff of the Division. The core of the division were soldiers and commanders of the [Border Troops](/wiki/Soviet_Border_Troops \"Soviet Border Troops\") from Ural and Siberian regions including [Sverdlovsk](/wiki/Sverdlovsk%2C_Luhansk_Oblast \"Sverdlovsk, Luhansk Oblast\"), [Irkutsk](/wiki/Irkutsk \"Irkutsk\"), and [Novosibirsk](/wiki/Novosibirsk \"Novosibirsk\"), but the nuclei of the 269th and 270th regiments were citizens of Stalingrad, Party workers, and members of the [Komsomol](/wiki/Komsomol \"Komsomol\") organizations of the city. Roughly three thousand Stalingrad locals served in the division.[Подвиг воинов\\-чекистов во время Сталинградской битвы. М. С. Орлова](http://monument.volgadmin.ru/start.asp?np=12-89)",
"### Operational activities prior to the Battle of Stalingrad",
"The division performed the tasks of policing in Stalingrad, and in the surrounding [Oblast](/wiki/Oblast \"Oblast\"), in [Voronezh](/wiki/Voronezh \"Voronezh\"), in the rears of the Southwestern Front, the [Voronezh Front](/wiki/Voronezh_Front \"Voronezh Front\"), and [Stalingrad Front](/wiki/Stalingrad_Front \"Stalingrad Front\"); enforcing martial law; and the task of preventing enemy recon and saboteur groups from operating in these rear areas.\n* 29 January – 3 July 1942 \\- 41st Rifle Regiment protected law and order in and around Voronezh.\n* 17–22 March 1942 \\- The division at Stalingrad conducted a documentation screening operation of the city's population and successfully detained nine spies, 106 criminals, and 187 people with variously suspicious documents.\n* Sometime in June, 1942 \\- 273rd Rifle Regiment near the village of Novoaninsky destroyed a landing of Germans ([Brandenburgers](/wiki/Brandenburgers \"Brandenburgers\")) armed with Soviet weapons and equipment disguised as Red Army soldiers, killing 47 of them and capturing 2\\.\n* 3–31 July 1942 \\- 41st Rifle Regiment took part in the defense of Voronezh, the first of the regiments of the division to take part in the frontline fighting during this period. The regiment killed up to 1,500 Germans and captured 17 machine guns, 42 machine pistols, 730 rifles, 415 grenades, 17,000 rounds of ammunition. The regiment suffered a loss of one third of its personnel in killed, wounded and missing.\n* 12 July 1942 \\- The division is included in the active Army\n* 13–27 July 1942 \\- In the defense of the rear of the Stalingrad Front, the division arrested 15 spies and 2,775 people (Brandenburgers) found without valid documents.\nSometime in July 1942 \\- The division formed an auxiliary artillery battalion.\n* August 1942 \\- 41st Rifle Regiment was detached from the division and assigned to the 18th Independent Sappers Brigade of the NKVD Internal Troops.",
"### Fighting in the Battle of Stalingrad",
"The division, alongside the people's militias, received the first blow of the Germans penetrating towards the Volga in the summer of 1942\\.Гундырин П. А. Путешествие по Волгограду. — Волгоград, 1987\\. С.116\\. Worker's militias were not just employed here in reconnaissance, but were deployed to catch enemy parachutists, spies, and saboteurs.",
"In appreciation of the division's defense of the city, the commander of the 62nd Army [Vasiliy Chuykov](/wiki/Vasily_Chuikov \"Vasily Chuikov\") said: \"The fighters of Colonel Sarayev's 10th Stalingrad Division VV must have been the first defenders of Stalingrad, and they overcame the difficult challenge with flying colours, courageously and selflessly fighting against superior enemy forces until the arrival of the 62nd Army.\"[Воины\\-Сталинградцы в сражении на курской дуге](http://www.vvmvd.ru/menu2/history/vv-vov/vv-vov_6.html) — Сайт Внутренние войска\\|Внутренних войск [МВД](/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%92%D0%94 \"МВД\")",
"The division, stretched over {{convert\\|50\\|mi\\|km\\|order\\=flip}}, led many fierce battles against the Germans. In the early stages of the battle for the city, the divisional HQ was billeted in the Tsarina gulley, not far from the \"Lighthouse\" restaurant.{{Cite web \\|url\\=http://region34\\.nm.ru/guide/monuments/historys/vor\\_mon\\_008\\.html \\|title\\=История Волгограда. Памятник Чекистам \\|access\\-date\\=29 May 2012 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324052018/http://region34\\.nm.ru/guide/monuments/historys/vor\\_mon\\_008\\.html \\|archive\\-date\\=24 March 2009 \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|df\\=dmy\\-all }}",
"The 10th Division, with a battalion of industrial workers, successfully defended the [F. Dzerzhinsky Tractor Factory](/wiki/Volgograd_Tractor_Factory \"Volgograd Tractor Factory\") and later counter\\-attacked to regain several kilometres, despite shortages in technology and manpower.",
"[thumb\\|right\\|250px\\|Obelisk dedicated to the soldiers of the 10th NKVD in \"[Chekist](/wiki/Cheka \"Cheka\") Square\" in [Volgograd](/wiki/Volgograd \"Volgograd\")](/wiki/File:Chekists_square_Volgograd.jpg \"Chekists square Volgograd.jpg\")",
"On 2 August 1942, the 2nd Battalion of the 270th Rifle Regiment first engaged the Germans in Stalingrad.",
"On 14 August 1942, the 273rd Rifle Regiment detached from the division and joined the 12th \"Ordzhonikidzevskaya\" Rifle Division of the NKVD VV.",
"The bulk of the division's forces defended the west and south\\-west of the city, holding these areas against the sudden breakout of the enemy into the city. In addition to this, there was a consolidated battalion in the north. On 16 August, the 282nd Rifle Regiment of the 12th NKVD VV Rifle Division arrived from Saratov and was attached to the 10th. This regiment was immediately sent to the north to reinforcement the composite battalion. On the left bank of the Volga, the division was supported by several reserve regiments from High Command.",
"The 272nd Rifle Regiment, under command of G. P. Savchuk, and a group of student volunteers occupied a Military\\-Political Academy in the path of an impending enemy breakthrough. During five days of fierce fighting, the regiment denied elements of the 295th Infantry, 71st Infantry and 24th Panzer Divisions (all belonging to the LI Armeekorps). These enemy forces suffered heavy losses and the Germans' plan to capture the center of the city and the major crossing of the Volga was thwarted.",
"On 8 September began fighting for the southern part of the Voroshilov district. By mid\\-afternoon of 9 September, forward units of the NKVD, who were on the second line, had come under direct enemy attack. The Soviets launched a swift counterattack and the Germans were caught by surprise.",
"On 12 September, the fighting for the defense of the South\\-Eastern Front of Stalingrad was assigned to the 62nd Army, to which the 10th NKVD VV Division was now attached.",
"On 13 September, the enemy planned another assault on the city. In the morning they hit Soviet fortified positions, including those of the 269th Rifle Regiment of the 10th NKVD, with heavy artillery and mortar fire. Aviation groups of up to 40 aircraft bombed areas in the Russian rear. At 7:00, the offensive began. For three hours, elements of the 62nd Army repelled enemy attacks which penetrated the first line, knocked out forward posts, and reached the positions of the 269th Rifle Regiment. In this difficult and hazardous situation, the 269th held their area, blocking the path to the Hill 102\\.0 [Mamayev Kurgan](/wiki/Mamayev_Kurgan \"Mamayev Kurgan\"). In the center of this fighting was the 270th Rifle Regiment under the command of Major A.K. Zhuravlev. Despite their numerical superiority, the enemy did not successfully enter the center of Stalingrad on 13 September.",
"The next day began again with German air and artillery bombardments in preparation for an attack. The entire Soviet front from Mamayev Kurgan to Kuporosnoye suffered German shock\\-attacks. Following these, the entire German front advanced with large\\-scale infantry and armour formations. Against the 269th Rifle Regiment alone the Germans concentrated up to eight battalions and 50 tanks. At 1400 hours, two submachine gun battalions with three tanks penetrated the regiment's rear and captured the peak of Mamayev Kurgan. The Germans then began firing on the [\"Red October\" factory](/wiki/Krasny_Oktyabr_Closed_Joint-Stock_Company \"Krasny Oktyabr Closed Joint-Stock Company\"). To recapture the peak, a submachine gun company of the 269th, under command of Junior Lieutenant Lyubeznov, and the 416th Rifle Regiment of the 112th Rifle Division with two tanks launched a counterattack. By 1800 hours, the height has been cleared out.",
"Over the two days of fighting, the 269th Rifle Regiment killed and wounded more than a thousand soldiers and officers and disabled 20 enemy tanks.",
"On the night of 15 September, the enemy infiltrated the positions of the [NKVD](/wiki/NKVD \"NKVD\") and specialists, captured the train\\-station and reached the rear of the 262nd regiment and 1st battalion of the 270th regiment. Nothing was prepared to repel such an infiltration and bloody, desperate fighting ensued from Mamayev to Kuporosnoye.",
"At dawn on 16 September, four soldiers of the division waged an unequal battle against advancing tanks for several hours. They destroyed a total of 20 vehicles and were all posthumously awarded with high state honours.",
"Together with elements of the 10th NKVD's northern groups, the 62nd Army conducted bitter defensive operations all through September and regained ground in some areas. On 7 October, surviving soldiers of the regiment {{which\\|date\\=May 2012}} were consolidated into two companies and which were added to the consolidated battalion under the command of the Captain Ryabchevskiy. Every day they fought off several fierce attacks from the enemy, preventing him from breaking through to the tractor plant.",
"From August 1942 onward, from the elements of the 10th NKVD remained the 282nd Infantry Regiment, defending the height of 135\\.4\\.",
"Between 23 August – 8 October 1942 during the battle of Stalingrad, the division killed or wounded up to 15,000 German soldiers and officers, destroyed or disabled 113 tanks, 8 armored vehicles, destroyed or captured 6 guns, 51 mortars, 138 machine guns, two ammunition depots, 2 aircraft shot down, and seized a German regiment's banner.По другим сведениям — частями дивизии было уничтожено свыше 21 тысячи немецких солдат и офицеров, 121 танк, около 30 орудий, до 60 миномётов, 138 пулемётов противника.",
"For exemplary service in the combat operations in the defense of the Volga shores, the Soviet High Command awarded the 10th NKVD VV Division with the [Order of Lenin](/wiki/Order_of_Lenin \"Order of Lenin\") on 2 December 1942\\.",
"### Further history",
"Divisional losses were heavy. By order of the commander of the Stalingrad Front, the division was demobilized in early October 1942 and moved to the village of Zaplavnoye. The division consisted of little more than 200 men of initial 7568\\.",
"In mid\\-October 1942, the division headquarters was ordered to redeploy to the city of Chelyabinsk to reorganize. The division took on a new structure:\n* Three Rifle Regiments\n* One Artillery Regiment\n* One Auxiliary Anti\\-Tank Battalion\n* Various support and logistical units",
"The core of the newly organized unit was approximately 2,700 men and officers who were veterans of the battle of Stalingrad. The battle of Stalingrad ended on 2 February 1943, and on 5 February the division was renamed the [181st Rifle Division](/wiki/181st_Rifle_Division \"181st Rifle Division\") and transferred to regular Red Army command. Subsequently, the fighting experience and techniques of the men of \"Stalingradskaya\" were further developed in the battle of Kursk in the crossing of the Vistula river. The division saw the close of the war while in [Breslau](/wiki/Breslau \"Breslau\").",
""
] |
### Fighting in the Battle of Stalingrad
The division, alongside the people's militias, received the first blow of the Germans penetrating towards the Volga in the summer of 1942\.Гундырин П. А. Путешествие по Волгограду. — Волгоград, 1987\. С.116\. Worker's militias were not just employed here in reconnaissance, but were deployed to catch enemy parachutists, spies, and saboteurs.
In appreciation of the division's defense of the city, the commander of the 62nd Army [Vasiliy Chuykov](/wiki/Vasily_Chuikov "Vasily Chuikov") said: "The fighters of Colonel Sarayev's 10th Stalingrad Division VV must have been the first defenders of Stalingrad, and they overcame the difficult challenge with flying colours, courageously and selflessly fighting against superior enemy forces until the arrival of the 62nd Army."[Воины\-Сталинградцы в сражении на курской дуге](http://www.vvmvd.ru/menu2/history/vv-vov/vv-vov_6.html) — Сайт Внутренние войска\|Внутренних войск [МВД](/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%92%D0%94 "МВД")
The division, stretched over {{convert\|50\|mi\|km\|order\=flip}}, led many fierce battles against the Germans. In the early stages of the battle for the city, the divisional HQ was billeted in the Tsarina gulley, not far from the "Lighthouse" restaurant.{{Cite web \|url\=http://region34\.nm.ru/guide/monuments/historys/vor\_mon\_008\.html \|title\=История Волгограда. Памятник Чекистам \|access\-date\=29 May 2012 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324052018/http://region34\.nm.ru/guide/monuments/historys/vor\_mon\_008\.html \|archive\-date\=24 March 2009 \|url\-status\=dead \|df\=dmy\-all }}
The 10th Division, with a battalion of industrial workers, successfully defended the [F. Dzerzhinsky Tractor Factory](/wiki/Volgograd_Tractor_Factory "Volgograd Tractor Factory") and later counter\-attacked to regain several kilometres, despite shortages in technology and manpower.
[thumb\|right\|250px\|Obelisk dedicated to the soldiers of the 10th NKVD in "[Chekist](/wiki/Cheka "Cheka") Square" in [Volgograd](/wiki/Volgograd "Volgograd")](/wiki/File:Chekists_square_Volgograd.jpg "Chekists square Volgograd.jpg")
On 2 August 1942, the 2nd Battalion of the 270th Rifle Regiment first engaged the Germans in Stalingrad.
On 14 August 1942, the 273rd Rifle Regiment detached from the division and joined the 12th "Ordzhonikidzevskaya" Rifle Division of the NKVD VV.
The bulk of the division's forces defended the west and south\-west of the city, holding these areas against the sudden breakout of the enemy into the city. In addition to this, there was a consolidated battalion in the north. On 16 August, the 282nd Rifle Regiment of the 12th NKVD VV Rifle Division arrived from Saratov and was attached to the 10th. This regiment was immediately sent to the north to reinforcement the composite battalion. On the left bank of the Volga, the division was supported by several reserve regiments from High Command.
The 272nd Rifle Regiment, under command of G. P. Savchuk, and a group of student volunteers occupied a Military\-Political Academy in the path of an impending enemy breakthrough. During five days of fierce fighting, the regiment denied elements of the 295th Infantry, 71st Infantry and 24th Panzer Divisions (all belonging to the LI Armeekorps). These enemy forces suffered heavy losses and the Germans' plan to capture the center of the city and the major crossing of the Volga was thwarted.
On 8 September began fighting for the southern part of the Voroshilov district. By mid\-afternoon of 9 September, forward units of the NKVD, who were on the second line, had come under direct enemy attack. The Soviets launched a swift counterattack and the Germans were caught by surprise.
On 12 September, the fighting for the defense of the South\-Eastern Front of Stalingrad was assigned to the 62nd Army, to which the 10th NKVD VV Division was now attached.
On 13 September, the enemy planned another assault on the city. In the morning they hit Soviet fortified positions, including those of the 269th Rifle Regiment of the 10th NKVD, with heavy artillery and mortar fire. Aviation groups of up to 40 aircraft bombed areas in the Russian rear. At 7:00, the offensive began. For three hours, elements of the 62nd Army repelled enemy attacks which penetrated the first line, knocked out forward posts, and reached the positions of the 269th Rifle Regiment. In this difficult and hazardous situation, the 269th held their area, blocking the path to the Hill 102\.0 [Mamayev Kurgan](/wiki/Mamayev_Kurgan "Mamayev Kurgan"). In the center of this fighting was the 270th Rifle Regiment under the command of Major A.K. Zhuravlev. Despite their numerical superiority, the enemy did not successfully enter the center of Stalingrad on 13 September.
The next day began again with German air and artillery bombardments in preparation for an attack. The entire Soviet front from Mamayev Kurgan to Kuporosnoye suffered German shock\-attacks. Following these, the entire German front advanced with large\-scale infantry and armour formations. Against the 269th Rifle Regiment alone the Germans concentrated up to eight battalions and 50 tanks. At 1400 hours, two submachine gun battalions with three tanks penetrated the regiment's rear and captured the peak of Mamayev Kurgan. The Germans then began firing on the ["Red October" factory](/wiki/Krasny_Oktyabr_Closed_Joint-Stock_Company "Krasny Oktyabr Closed Joint-Stock Company"). To recapture the peak, a submachine gun company of the 269th, under command of Junior Lieutenant Lyubeznov, and the 416th Rifle Regiment of the 112th Rifle Division with two tanks launched a counterattack. By 1800 hours, the height has been cleared out.
Over the two days of fighting, the 269th Rifle Regiment killed and wounded more than a thousand soldiers and officers and disabled 20 enemy tanks.
On the night of 15 September, the enemy infiltrated the positions of the [NKVD](/wiki/NKVD "NKVD") and specialists, captured the train\-station and reached the rear of the 262nd regiment and 1st battalion of the 270th regiment. Nothing was prepared to repel such an infiltration and bloody, desperate fighting ensued from Mamayev to Kuporosnoye.
At dawn on 16 September, four soldiers of the division waged an unequal battle against advancing tanks for several hours. They destroyed a total of 20 vehicles and were all posthumously awarded with high state honours.
Together with elements of the 10th NKVD's northern groups, the 62nd Army conducted bitter defensive operations all through September and regained ground in some areas. On 7 October, surviving soldiers of the regiment {{which\|date\=May 2012}} were consolidated into two companies and which were added to the consolidated battalion under the command of the Captain Ryabchevskiy. Every day they fought off several fierce attacks from the enemy, preventing him from breaking through to the tractor plant.
From August 1942 onward, from the elements of the 10th NKVD remained the 282nd Infantry Regiment, defending the height of 135\.4\.
Between 23 August – 8 October 1942 during the battle of Stalingrad, the division killed or wounded up to 15,000 German soldiers and officers, destroyed or disabled 113 tanks, 8 armored vehicles, destroyed or captured 6 guns, 51 mortars, 138 machine guns, two ammunition depots, 2 aircraft shot down, and seized a German regiment's banner.По другим сведениям — частями дивизии было уничтожено свыше 21 тысячи немецких солдат и офицеров, 121 танк, около 30 орудий, до 60 миномётов, 138 пулемётов противника.
For exemplary service in the combat operations in the defense of the Volga shores, the Soviet High Command awarded the 10th NKVD VV Division with the [Order of Lenin](/wiki/Order_of_Lenin "Order of Lenin") on 2 December 1942\.
|
[
"### Fighting in the Battle of Stalingrad",
"The division, alongside the people's militias, received the first blow of the Germans penetrating towards the Volga in the summer of 1942\\.Гундырин П. А. Путешествие по Волгограду. — Волгоград, 1987\\. С.116\\. Worker's militias were not just employed here in reconnaissance, but were deployed to catch enemy parachutists, spies, and saboteurs.",
"In appreciation of the division's defense of the city, the commander of the 62nd Army [Vasiliy Chuykov](/wiki/Vasily_Chuikov \"Vasily Chuikov\") said: \"The fighters of Colonel Sarayev's 10th Stalingrad Division VV must have been the first defenders of Stalingrad, and they overcame the difficult challenge with flying colours, courageously and selflessly fighting against superior enemy forces until the arrival of the 62nd Army.\"[Воины\\-Сталинградцы в сражении на курской дуге](http://www.vvmvd.ru/menu2/history/vv-vov/vv-vov_6.html) — Сайт Внутренние войска\\|Внутренних войск [МВД](/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%92%D0%94 \"МВД\")",
"The division, stretched over {{convert\\|50\\|mi\\|km\\|order\\=flip}}, led many fierce battles against the Germans. In the early stages of the battle for the city, the divisional HQ was billeted in the Tsarina gulley, not far from the \"Lighthouse\" restaurant.{{Cite web \\|url\\=http://region34\\.nm.ru/guide/monuments/historys/vor\\_mon\\_008\\.html \\|title\\=История Волгограда. Памятник Чекистам \\|access\\-date\\=29 May 2012 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324052018/http://region34\\.nm.ru/guide/monuments/historys/vor\\_mon\\_008\\.html \\|archive\\-date\\=24 March 2009 \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|df\\=dmy\\-all }}",
"The 10th Division, with a battalion of industrial workers, successfully defended the [F. Dzerzhinsky Tractor Factory](/wiki/Volgograd_Tractor_Factory \"Volgograd Tractor Factory\") and later counter\\-attacked to regain several kilometres, despite shortages in technology and manpower.",
"[thumb\\|right\\|250px\\|Obelisk dedicated to the soldiers of the 10th NKVD in \"[Chekist](/wiki/Cheka \"Cheka\") Square\" in [Volgograd](/wiki/Volgograd \"Volgograd\")](/wiki/File:Chekists_square_Volgograd.jpg \"Chekists square Volgograd.jpg\")",
"On 2 August 1942, the 2nd Battalion of the 270th Rifle Regiment first engaged the Germans in Stalingrad.",
"On 14 August 1942, the 273rd Rifle Regiment detached from the division and joined the 12th \"Ordzhonikidzevskaya\" Rifle Division of the NKVD VV.",
"The bulk of the division's forces defended the west and south\\-west of the city, holding these areas against the sudden breakout of the enemy into the city. In addition to this, there was a consolidated battalion in the north. On 16 August, the 282nd Rifle Regiment of the 12th NKVD VV Rifle Division arrived from Saratov and was attached to the 10th. This regiment was immediately sent to the north to reinforcement the composite battalion. On the left bank of the Volga, the division was supported by several reserve regiments from High Command.",
"The 272nd Rifle Regiment, under command of G. P. Savchuk, and a group of student volunteers occupied a Military\\-Political Academy in the path of an impending enemy breakthrough. During five days of fierce fighting, the regiment denied elements of the 295th Infantry, 71st Infantry and 24th Panzer Divisions (all belonging to the LI Armeekorps). These enemy forces suffered heavy losses and the Germans' plan to capture the center of the city and the major crossing of the Volga was thwarted.",
"On 8 September began fighting for the southern part of the Voroshilov district. By mid\\-afternoon of 9 September, forward units of the NKVD, who were on the second line, had come under direct enemy attack. The Soviets launched a swift counterattack and the Germans were caught by surprise.",
"On 12 September, the fighting for the defense of the South\\-Eastern Front of Stalingrad was assigned to the 62nd Army, to which the 10th NKVD VV Division was now attached.",
"On 13 September, the enemy planned another assault on the city. In the morning they hit Soviet fortified positions, including those of the 269th Rifle Regiment of the 10th NKVD, with heavy artillery and mortar fire. Aviation groups of up to 40 aircraft bombed areas in the Russian rear. At 7:00, the offensive began. For three hours, elements of the 62nd Army repelled enemy attacks which penetrated the first line, knocked out forward posts, and reached the positions of the 269th Rifle Regiment. In this difficult and hazardous situation, the 269th held their area, blocking the path to the Hill 102\\.0 [Mamayev Kurgan](/wiki/Mamayev_Kurgan \"Mamayev Kurgan\"). In the center of this fighting was the 270th Rifle Regiment under the command of Major A.K. Zhuravlev. Despite their numerical superiority, the enemy did not successfully enter the center of Stalingrad on 13 September.",
"The next day began again with German air and artillery bombardments in preparation for an attack. The entire Soviet front from Mamayev Kurgan to Kuporosnoye suffered German shock\\-attacks. Following these, the entire German front advanced with large\\-scale infantry and armour formations. Against the 269th Rifle Regiment alone the Germans concentrated up to eight battalions and 50 tanks. At 1400 hours, two submachine gun battalions with three tanks penetrated the regiment's rear and captured the peak of Mamayev Kurgan. The Germans then began firing on the [\"Red October\" factory](/wiki/Krasny_Oktyabr_Closed_Joint-Stock_Company \"Krasny Oktyabr Closed Joint-Stock Company\"). To recapture the peak, a submachine gun company of the 269th, under command of Junior Lieutenant Lyubeznov, and the 416th Rifle Regiment of the 112th Rifle Division with two tanks launched a counterattack. By 1800 hours, the height has been cleared out.",
"Over the two days of fighting, the 269th Rifle Regiment killed and wounded more than a thousand soldiers and officers and disabled 20 enemy tanks.",
"On the night of 15 September, the enemy infiltrated the positions of the [NKVD](/wiki/NKVD \"NKVD\") and specialists, captured the train\\-station and reached the rear of the 262nd regiment and 1st battalion of the 270th regiment. Nothing was prepared to repel such an infiltration and bloody, desperate fighting ensued from Mamayev to Kuporosnoye.",
"At dawn on 16 September, four soldiers of the division waged an unequal battle against advancing tanks for several hours. They destroyed a total of 20 vehicles and were all posthumously awarded with high state honours.",
"Together with elements of the 10th NKVD's northern groups, the 62nd Army conducted bitter defensive operations all through September and regained ground in some areas. On 7 October, surviving soldiers of the regiment {{which\\|date\\=May 2012}} were consolidated into two companies and which were added to the consolidated battalion under the command of the Captain Ryabchevskiy. Every day they fought off several fierce attacks from the enemy, preventing him from breaking through to the tractor plant.",
"From August 1942 onward, from the elements of the 10th NKVD remained the 282nd Infantry Regiment, defending the height of 135\\.4\\.",
"Between 23 August – 8 October 1942 during the battle of Stalingrad, the division killed or wounded up to 15,000 German soldiers and officers, destroyed or disabled 113 tanks, 8 armored vehicles, destroyed or captured 6 guns, 51 mortars, 138 machine guns, two ammunition depots, 2 aircraft shot down, and seized a German regiment's banner.По другим сведениям — частями дивизии было уничтожено свыше 21 тысячи немецких солдат и офицеров, 121 танк, около 30 орудий, до 60 миномётов, 138 пулемётов противника.",
"For exemplary service in the combat operations in the defense of the Volga shores, the Soviet High Command awarded the 10th NKVD VV Division with the [Order of Lenin](/wiki/Order_of_Lenin \"Order of Lenin\") on 2 December 1942\\.",
""
] |
*Cities of Love* franchise
--------------------------
*Cities of Love* is a series of motion pictures illustrating the universality of love in major cities around the world. Each episode is a collective feature film composed of no fewer than 10 segments – created by directors from around the world.
Five such pictures have been completed: *[Paris, je t'aime](/wiki/Paris%2C_je_t%27aime "Paris, je t'aime")* in 2006, *[New York, I Love You](/wiki/New_York%2C_I_Love_You "New York, I Love You")* in 2008, *[Tbilisi, I Love You](/wiki/Tbilisi%2C_I_Love_You "Tbilisi, I Love You")* and *[Rio, Eu Te Amo](/wiki/Rio%2C_I_Love_You "Rio, I Love You")* in 2014, and *[Berlin, I Love You](/wiki/Berlin%2C_I_Love_You "Berlin, I Love You")* in 2019\. A number of films like "Rotterdam, I Love You", "Malmö, I Love You" and others have been in production for several years, though it is unclear whether they will be released or not.
Each segment's storyline must center on an encounter that bears the hope of love and takes place in the current time. Each segment must contain a strong presence of the illustrated city and a visual identification with the area selected by each director so that the audience may experience its singularity. All the segments shall be woven together by interstitial transitions placed before, between and after each of the segments. The transitions are directed by an additional director. The transitions involve some, if not all, of the characters created by the segment directors and at least one character, specifically created for the transitions, called the "recurrent character". The recurrent character must have an excuse to be found anywhere in the city at any time, and a good reason to connect or interact with any of the segments' characters. The recurrent character serves the unity of the film. The transitions, and the absence of credits inside the film, are essential to the unity and the fluidity of the overall experience. In a final scene, a narrative epilogue allows the audience to watch again some of the segments' characters of the film in a single unifying moment.
### *Paris, je t'aime*
{{main\|Paris, je t'aime}}
In April 2000, the development of the film *[Paris, je t'aime](/wiki/Paris%2C_je_t%27aime "Paris, je t'aime")* began with a simple idea: 20 [arrondissements](/wiki/Arrondissements_of_Paris "Arrondissements of Paris"), 20 directors, 20 love encounters. Benbihy, along with co\-executive producer [Gilles Caussade](/wiki/Gilles_Caussade "Gilles Caussade") determined a production timeline for the project, and little by little put together the principal elements needed for its development and production: narrative development, artistic and technical specifications, material to approach directors and talents, contracts, consistent marketing strategy and international approach to film financing. All these elements are today part of the Cities of Love franchise.
The production of *Paris, je t'aime* began in July 2005 and involved 24 international directors. The film was pre\-sold in numerous territories at high levels, and opened the [Cannes Film Festival](/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival "Cannes Film Festival") 2006, Un Certain regard section. Directors such as the [Coen brothers](/wiki/Coen_brothers "Coen brothers"), [Alexander Payne](/wiki/Alexander_Payne "Alexander Payne"), [Gus Van Sant](/wiki/Gus_Van_Sant "Gus Van Sant"), [Alfonso Cuaron](/wiki/Alfonso_Cuaron "Alfonso Cuaron"), [Wes Craven](/wiki/Wes_Craven "Wes Craven"), [Walter Salles](/wiki/Walter_Salles "Walter Salles"), [Tom Tykwer](/wiki/Tom_Tykwer "Tom Tykwer"), and actors such as [Elijah Wood](/wiki/Elijah_Wood "Elijah Wood"), [Juliette Binoche](/wiki/Juliette_Binoche "Juliette Binoche"), [Willem Dafoe](/wiki/Willem_Dafoe "Willem Dafoe"), [Natalie Portman](/wiki/Natalie_Portman "Natalie Portman"), [Nick Nolte](/wiki/Nick_Nolte "Nick Nolte"), [Gena Rowlands](/wiki/Gena_Rowlands "Gena Rowlands"), [Gérard Depardieu](/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu "Gérard Depardieu") participated in this film.
*Paris, je t'aime* was the opportunity to give some of the first lead roles on screen to [Olga Kurylenko](/wiki/Olga_Kurylenko "Olga Kurylenko"), [Leïla Bekhti](/wiki/Le%C3%AFla_Bekhti "Leïla Bekhti") and [Aïssa Maïga](/wiki/A%C3%AFssa_Ma%C3%AFga "Aïssa Maïga"), and to produce the first short film of the [Coen brothers](/wiki/Coen_brothers "Coen brothers").
### *New York, I Love You*
{{main\|New York, I Love You}}
Following *Paris, je t'aime*, *New York, I Love You* is the second episode of the *Cities of Love* series. Directors of the segments include [Jiang Wen](/wiki/Jiang_Wen "Jiang Wen"), [Mira Nair](/wiki/Mira_Nair "Mira Nair"), [Shunji Iwai](/wiki/Shunji_Iwai "Shunji Iwai"), [Yvan Attal](/wiki/Yvan_Attal "Yvan Attal"), [Brett Ratner](/wiki/Brett_Ratner "Brett Ratner"), [Allen Hughes](/wiki/Hughes_brothers "Hughes brothers"), [Shekhar Kapur](/wiki/Shekhar_Kapur "Shekhar Kapur"), [Natalie Portman](/wiki/Natalie_Portman "Natalie Portman"), [Fatih Akın](/wiki/Fatih_Ak%C4%B1n "Fatih Akın"), [Joshua Marston](/wiki/Joshua_Marston "Joshua Marston") and Randy Balsmeyer. The film stars [Bradley Cooper](/wiki/Bradley_Cooper "Bradley Cooper"), [Justin Bartha](/wiki/Justin_Bartha "Justin Bartha"), [Andy García](/wiki/Andy_Garc%C3%ADa "Andy García"), [Hayden Christensen](/wiki/Hayden_Christensen "Hayden Christensen"), [Rachel Bilson](/wiki/Rachel_Bilson "Rachel Bilson"), [Natalie Portman](/wiki/Natalie_Portman "Natalie Portman"), [Irrfan Khan](/wiki/Irrfan_Khan "Irrfan Khan"), Emilie Ohana, [Orlando Bloom](/wiki/Orlando_Bloom "Orlando Bloom"), [Christina Ricci](/wiki/Christina_Ricci "Christina Ricci"), [Maggie Q](/wiki/Maggie_Q "Maggie Q"), [Ethan Hawke](/wiki/Ethan_Hawke "Ethan Hawke"), [Anton Yelchin](/wiki/Anton_Yelchin "Anton Yelchin"), [James Caan](/wiki/James_Caan "James Caan"), [Olivia Thirlby](/wiki/Olivia_Thirlby "Olivia Thirlby"), [Blake Lively](/wiki/Blake_Lively "Blake Lively"), [Drea de Matteo](/wiki/Drea_de_Matteo "Drea de Matteo"), [Julie Christie](/wiki/Julie_Christie "Julie Christie"), [John Hurt](/wiki/John_Hurt "John Hurt"), [Shia LaBeouf](/wiki/Shia_LaBeouf "Shia LaBeouf"), [Uğur Yücel](/wiki/U%C4%9Fur_Y%C3%BCcel "Uğur Yücel"), Taylor Geare, [Carlos Acosta](/wiki/Carlos_Acosta "Carlos Acosta"), [Jacinda Barrett](/wiki/Jacinda_Barrett "Jacinda Barrett"), [Shu Qi](/wiki/Shu_Qi "Shu Qi"), [Burt Young](/wiki/Burt_Young "Burt Young"), [Chris Cooper](/wiki/Chris_Cooper "Chris Cooper"), [Robin Wright Penn](/wiki/Robin_Wright_%28actress%29 "Robin Wright (actress)"), [Eva Amurri](/wiki/Eva_Amurri "Eva Amurri"), [Eli Wallach](/wiki/Eli_Wallach "Eli Wallach") and [Cloris Leachman](/wiki/Cloris_Leachman "Cloris Leachman").
In the Diamond District, an intercultural romantic fantasy transforms the purchase of a precious stone. Meanwhile, in Chinatown, a desperate artist pursues a reluctant muse. Within an Upper East Side hotel, a sophisticated guest and a mysterious bellboy journey outside of time. After an unexpected night in [Central Park](/wiki/Central_Park "Central Park"), a young man's prom date has a surprising revelation. Traveling towards the Village, two lovers speed by taxi, subway and foot to meet for the first time after what they thought was a one\-night stand. In [Tribeca](/wiki/Tribeca "Tribeca"), a pickpocket finds the tables turned when he follows an alluring girl. And in [Brooklyn](/wiki/Brooklyn "Brooklyn"), a moment of [Coney Island](/wiki/Coney_Island "Coney Island") bliss envelops an octogenarian couple. These stories and more are all woven together to form a colorful, lyrical collage not only of the city – but of the deep yearning for love and human connections that sustain everyone within it.{{cite web \| url\=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117941271\.html?categoryid\=31\&cs\=1\&query\=new\+york%2C\+i\+love\+you \| title\=New York, I Love You \| work\=Variety \| first\=Jay \| last\=Weissberg \| date\=30 September 2009 \| accessdate\=27 August 2015 \| archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226014843/http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117941271\.html?categoryid\=31\&cs\=1\&query\=new\+york%2C\+i\+love\+you \| archive\-date\=26 February 2010 \| url\-status\=dead }}
*New York, I Love You* was the opportunity that gave [Bradley Cooper](/wiki/Bradley_Cooper "Bradley Cooper")'s first lead role on screen, and also produced the first short films directed by [Natalie Portman](/wiki/Natalie_Portman "Natalie Portman") and [Scarlett Johansson](/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson "Scarlett Johansson").
### *Tbilisi, I Love You*
{{main\|Tbilisi, I Love You}}
Six years after *New York, I Love You*, the third installment in the series was the 2014 Georgian movie *Tbilisi, I Love You* ({{Lang\-ka\|თბილისი, მიყვარხარ}} *Tbilisi, miq’varkhar*). The film consists of a series of 10 short films written and directed by natives of Georgia, and take on a personal narrative about the republic's capital city. Directors of the segments include [Nika Agiashvili](/wiki/Nika_Agiashvili "Nika Agiashvili"), Irakli Chkhikvadze, Levan Glonti, Alexander Kviria, Tako Shavgulidze, Kote Takaishvili and Levan Tutberidze.. [Malcolm McDowell](/wiki/Malcolm_McDowell "Malcolm McDowell") and [Ron Perlman](/wiki/Ron_Perlman "Ron Perlman") both feature. McDowell's vignette centers on an actor who reluctantly agrees to a one\-month shoot in [Tbilisi](/wiki/Tbilisi "Tbilisi") and develops a love affair with the city. Perlman's short features him as a nameless American motorcyclist who rides through Tbilisi's remote areas with a woman named Freedom.
### *Rio, Eu Te Amo*
{{main\|Rio, Eu Te Amo}}
The fourth film in the series, also released in 2014, was *Rio, I Love You*. The participating directors were Brazilians [Carlos Saldanha](/wiki/Carlos_Saldanha "Carlos Saldanha"), José Padilha, Andrucha Waddington and [Fernando Meirelles](/wiki/Fernando_Meirelles "Fernando Meirelles"), the Lebanese director [Nadine Labaki](/wiki/Nadine_Labaki "Nadine Labaki"), the Mexican screenwriter Guillermo Arriaga, the Australian director Stephan Elliott, the Italian director [Paolo Sorrentino](/wiki/Paolo_Sorrentino "Paolo Sorrentino"), the American actor and director [John Turturro](/wiki/John_Turturro "John Turturro"), and the South Korean director [Im Sang\-soo](/wiki/Im_Sang-soo "Im Sang-soo"). The opening and closing sequences, plus the transitions were directed by Brazilian Vicente Amorim, while musician [Gilberto Gil](/wiki/Gilberto_Gil "Gilberto Gil") composed the theme song.
### *Berlin, I Love You*
{{main\|Berlin, I Love You}}
The fifth and last installment to date in the series was *Berlin, I Love You*, a joint German and U.S. production. It was released on February 8, 2019 in the United States, by [Saban Films](/wiki/Saban_Capital_Group "Saban Capital Group"), and on August 8, 2019 in Germany, by [Warner Bros. Pictures](/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures "Warner Bros. Pictures"). Directors of the segment include [Dianna Agron](/wiki/Dianna_Agron "Dianna Agron"), [Peter Chelsom](/wiki/Peter_Chelsom "Peter Chelsom"), [Fernando Eimbcke](/wiki/Fernando_Eimbcke "Fernando Eimbcke"), Justin Franklin, [Dennis Gansel](/wiki/Dennis_Gansel "Dennis Gansel"), [Dani Levy](/wiki/Dani_Levy "Dani Levy"), Daniel Lwowski, [Josef Rusnak](/wiki/Josef_Rusnak "Josef Rusnak"), [Til Schweiger](/wiki/Til_Schweiger "Til Schweiger"), [Massy Tadjedin](/wiki/Massy_Tadjedin "Massy Tadjedin") and Gabriela Tscherniak. The film stars, among others, [Helen Mirren](/wiki/Helen_Mirren "Helen Mirren"), [Keira Knightley](/wiki/Keira_Knightley "Keira Knightley"), [Mickey Rourke](/wiki/Mickey_Rourke "Mickey Rourke"), [Diego Luna](/wiki/Diego_Luna "Diego Luna"), [Jim Sturgess](/wiki/Jim_Sturgess "Jim Sturgess"), [Dianna Agron](/wiki/Dianna_Agron "Dianna Agron"), [Rafaëlle Cohen](/wiki/Rafa%C3%ABlle_Cohen "Rafaëlle Cohen"), [Jenna Dewan](/wiki/Jenna_Dewan "Jenna Dewan"), [Toni Garrn](/wiki/Toni_Garrn "Toni Garrn"), [Sibel Kekilli](/wiki/Sibel_Kekilli "Sibel Kekilli"), [Hannelore Elsner](/wiki/Hannelore_Elsner "Hannelore Elsner"), [Robert Stadlober](/wiki/Robert_Stadlober "Robert Stadlober") and [Luke Wilson](/wiki/Luke_Wilson "Luke Wilson").
|
[
"*Cities of Love* franchise\n--------------------------",
"*Cities of Love* is a series of motion pictures illustrating the universality of love in major cities around the world. Each episode is a collective feature film composed of no fewer than 10 segments – created by directors from around the world.",
"Five such pictures have been completed: *[Paris, je t'aime](/wiki/Paris%2C_je_t%27aime \"Paris, je t'aime\")* in 2006, *[New York, I Love You](/wiki/New_York%2C_I_Love_You \"New York, I Love You\")* in 2008, *[Tbilisi, I Love You](/wiki/Tbilisi%2C_I_Love_You \"Tbilisi, I Love You\")* and *[Rio, Eu Te Amo](/wiki/Rio%2C_I_Love_You \"Rio, I Love You\")* in 2014, and *[Berlin, I Love You](/wiki/Berlin%2C_I_Love_You \"Berlin, I Love You\")* in 2019\\. A number of films like \"Rotterdam, I Love You\", \"Malmö, I Love You\" and others have been in production for several years, though it is unclear whether they will be released or not.",
"Each segment's storyline must center on an encounter that bears the hope of love and takes place in the current time. Each segment must contain a strong presence of the illustrated city and a visual identification with the area selected by each director so that the audience may experience its singularity. All the segments shall be woven together by interstitial transitions placed before, between and after each of the segments. The transitions are directed by an additional director. The transitions involve some, if not all, of the characters created by the segment directors and at least one character, specifically created for the transitions, called the \"recurrent character\". The recurrent character must have an excuse to be found anywhere in the city at any time, and a good reason to connect or interact with any of the segments' characters. The recurrent character serves the unity of the film. The transitions, and the absence of credits inside the film, are essential to the unity and the fluidity of the overall experience. In a final scene, a narrative epilogue allows the audience to watch again some of the segments' characters of the film in a single unifying moment.",
"### *Paris, je t'aime*",
"{{main\\|Paris, je t'aime}}",
"In April 2000, the development of the film *[Paris, je t'aime](/wiki/Paris%2C_je_t%27aime \"Paris, je t'aime\")* began with a simple idea: 20 [arrondissements](/wiki/Arrondissements_of_Paris \"Arrondissements of Paris\"), 20 directors, 20 love encounters. Benbihy, along with co\\-executive producer [Gilles Caussade](/wiki/Gilles_Caussade \"Gilles Caussade\") determined a production timeline for the project, and little by little put together the principal elements needed for its development and production: narrative development, artistic and technical specifications, material to approach directors and talents, contracts, consistent marketing strategy and international approach to film financing. All these elements are today part of the Cities of Love franchise.",
"The production of *Paris, je t'aime* began in July 2005 and involved 24 international directors. The film was pre\\-sold in numerous territories at high levels, and opened the [Cannes Film Festival](/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival \"Cannes Film Festival\") 2006, Un Certain regard section. Directors such as the [Coen brothers](/wiki/Coen_brothers \"Coen brothers\"), [Alexander Payne](/wiki/Alexander_Payne \"Alexander Payne\"), [Gus Van Sant](/wiki/Gus_Van_Sant \"Gus Van Sant\"), [Alfonso Cuaron](/wiki/Alfonso_Cuaron \"Alfonso Cuaron\"), [Wes Craven](/wiki/Wes_Craven \"Wes Craven\"), [Walter Salles](/wiki/Walter_Salles \"Walter Salles\"), [Tom Tykwer](/wiki/Tom_Tykwer \"Tom Tykwer\"), and actors such as [Elijah Wood](/wiki/Elijah_Wood \"Elijah Wood\"), [Juliette Binoche](/wiki/Juliette_Binoche \"Juliette Binoche\"), [Willem Dafoe](/wiki/Willem_Dafoe \"Willem Dafoe\"), [Natalie Portman](/wiki/Natalie_Portman \"Natalie Portman\"), [Nick Nolte](/wiki/Nick_Nolte \"Nick Nolte\"), [Gena Rowlands](/wiki/Gena_Rowlands \"Gena Rowlands\"), [Gérard Depardieu](/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu \"Gérard Depardieu\") participated in this film.",
"*Paris, je t'aime* was the opportunity to give some of the first lead roles on screen to [Olga Kurylenko](/wiki/Olga_Kurylenko \"Olga Kurylenko\"), [Leïla Bekhti](/wiki/Le%C3%AFla_Bekhti \"Leïla Bekhti\") and [Aïssa Maïga](/wiki/A%C3%AFssa_Ma%C3%AFga \"Aïssa Maïga\"), and to produce the first short film of the [Coen brothers](/wiki/Coen_brothers \"Coen brothers\").",
"### *New York, I Love You*",
"{{main\\|New York, I Love You}}",
"Following *Paris, je t'aime*, *New York, I Love You* is the second episode of the *Cities of Love* series. Directors of the segments include [Jiang Wen](/wiki/Jiang_Wen \"Jiang Wen\"), [Mira Nair](/wiki/Mira_Nair \"Mira Nair\"), [Shunji Iwai](/wiki/Shunji_Iwai \"Shunji Iwai\"), [Yvan Attal](/wiki/Yvan_Attal \"Yvan Attal\"), [Brett Ratner](/wiki/Brett_Ratner \"Brett Ratner\"), [Allen Hughes](/wiki/Hughes_brothers \"Hughes brothers\"), [Shekhar Kapur](/wiki/Shekhar_Kapur \"Shekhar Kapur\"), [Natalie Portman](/wiki/Natalie_Portman \"Natalie Portman\"), [Fatih Akın](/wiki/Fatih_Ak%C4%B1n \"Fatih Akın\"), [Joshua Marston](/wiki/Joshua_Marston \"Joshua Marston\") and Randy Balsmeyer. The film stars [Bradley Cooper](/wiki/Bradley_Cooper \"Bradley Cooper\"), [Justin Bartha](/wiki/Justin_Bartha \"Justin Bartha\"), [Andy García](/wiki/Andy_Garc%C3%ADa \"Andy García\"), [Hayden Christensen](/wiki/Hayden_Christensen \"Hayden Christensen\"), [Rachel Bilson](/wiki/Rachel_Bilson \"Rachel Bilson\"), [Natalie Portman](/wiki/Natalie_Portman \"Natalie Portman\"), [Irrfan Khan](/wiki/Irrfan_Khan \"Irrfan Khan\"), Emilie Ohana, [Orlando Bloom](/wiki/Orlando_Bloom \"Orlando Bloom\"), [Christina Ricci](/wiki/Christina_Ricci \"Christina Ricci\"), [Maggie Q](/wiki/Maggie_Q \"Maggie Q\"), [Ethan Hawke](/wiki/Ethan_Hawke \"Ethan Hawke\"), [Anton Yelchin](/wiki/Anton_Yelchin \"Anton Yelchin\"), [James Caan](/wiki/James_Caan \"James Caan\"), [Olivia Thirlby](/wiki/Olivia_Thirlby \"Olivia Thirlby\"), [Blake Lively](/wiki/Blake_Lively \"Blake Lively\"), [Drea de Matteo](/wiki/Drea_de_Matteo \"Drea de Matteo\"), [Julie Christie](/wiki/Julie_Christie \"Julie Christie\"), [John Hurt](/wiki/John_Hurt \"John Hurt\"), [Shia LaBeouf](/wiki/Shia_LaBeouf \"Shia LaBeouf\"), [Uğur Yücel](/wiki/U%C4%9Fur_Y%C3%BCcel \"Uğur Yücel\"), Taylor Geare, [Carlos Acosta](/wiki/Carlos_Acosta \"Carlos Acosta\"), [Jacinda Barrett](/wiki/Jacinda_Barrett \"Jacinda Barrett\"), [Shu Qi](/wiki/Shu_Qi \"Shu Qi\"), [Burt Young](/wiki/Burt_Young \"Burt Young\"), [Chris Cooper](/wiki/Chris_Cooper \"Chris Cooper\"), [Robin Wright Penn](/wiki/Robin_Wright_%28actress%29 \"Robin Wright (actress)\"), [Eva Amurri](/wiki/Eva_Amurri \"Eva Amurri\"), [Eli Wallach](/wiki/Eli_Wallach \"Eli Wallach\") and [Cloris Leachman](/wiki/Cloris_Leachman \"Cloris Leachman\").",
"In the Diamond District, an intercultural romantic fantasy transforms the purchase of a precious stone. Meanwhile, in Chinatown, a desperate artist pursues a reluctant muse. Within an Upper East Side hotel, a sophisticated guest and a mysterious bellboy journey outside of time. After an unexpected night in [Central Park](/wiki/Central_Park \"Central Park\"), a young man's prom date has a surprising revelation. Traveling towards the Village, two lovers speed by taxi, subway and foot to meet for the first time after what they thought was a one\\-night stand. In [Tribeca](/wiki/Tribeca \"Tribeca\"), a pickpocket finds the tables turned when he follows an alluring girl. And in [Brooklyn](/wiki/Brooklyn \"Brooklyn\"), a moment of [Coney Island](/wiki/Coney_Island \"Coney Island\") bliss envelops an octogenarian couple. These stories and more are all woven together to form a colorful, lyrical collage not only of the city – but of the deep yearning for love and human connections that sustain everyone within it.{{cite web \\| url\\=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117941271\\.html?categoryid\\=31\\&cs\\=1\\&query\\=new\\+york%2C\\+i\\+love\\+you \\| title\\=New York, I Love You \\| work\\=Variety \\| first\\=Jay \\| last\\=Weissberg \\| date\\=30 September 2009 \\| accessdate\\=27 August 2015 \\| archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226014843/http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117941271\\.html?categoryid\\=31\\&cs\\=1\\&query\\=new\\+york%2C\\+i\\+love\\+you \\| archive\\-date\\=26 February 2010 \\| url\\-status\\=dead }}",
"*New York, I Love You* was the opportunity that gave [Bradley Cooper](/wiki/Bradley_Cooper \"Bradley Cooper\")'s first lead role on screen, and also produced the first short films directed by [Natalie Portman](/wiki/Natalie_Portman \"Natalie Portman\") and [Scarlett Johansson](/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson \"Scarlett Johansson\").",
"### *Tbilisi, I Love You*",
"{{main\\|Tbilisi, I Love You}}\nSix years after *New York, I Love You*, the third installment in the series was the 2014 Georgian movie *Tbilisi, I Love You* ({{Lang\\-ka\\|თბილისი, მიყვარხარ}} *Tbilisi, miq’varkhar*). The film consists of a series of 10 short films written and directed by natives of Georgia, and take on a personal narrative about the republic's capital city. Directors of the segments include [Nika Agiashvili](/wiki/Nika_Agiashvili \"Nika Agiashvili\"), Irakli Chkhikvadze, Levan Glonti, Alexander Kviria, Tako Shavgulidze, Kote Takaishvili and Levan Tutberidze.. [Malcolm McDowell](/wiki/Malcolm_McDowell \"Malcolm McDowell\") and [Ron Perlman](/wiki/Ron_Perlman \"Ron Perlman\") both feature. McDowell's vignette centers on an actor who reluctantly agrees to a one\\-month shoot in [Tbilisi](/wiki/Tbilisi \"Tbilisi\") and develops a love affair with the city. Perlman's short features him as a nameless American motorcyclist who rides through Tbilisi's remote areas with a woman named Freedom.",
"### *Rio, Eu Te Amo*",
"{{main\\|Rio, Eu Te Amo}}\nThe fourth film in the series, also released in 2014, was *Rio, I Love You*. The participating directors were Brazilians [Carlos Saldanha](/wiki/Carlos_Saldanha \"Carlos Saldanha\"), José Padilha, Andrucha Waddington and [Fernando Meirelles](/wiki/Fernando_Meirelles \"Fernando Meirelles\"), the Lebanese director [Nadine Labaki](/wiki/Nadine_Labaki \"Nadine Labaki\"), the Mexican screenwriter Guillermo Arriaga, the Australian director Stephan Elliott, the Italian director [Paolo Sorrentino](/wiki/Paolo_Sorrentino \"Paolo Sorrentino\"), the American actor and director [John Turturro](/wiki/John_Turturro \"John Turturro\"), and the South Korean director [Im Sang\\-soo](/wiki/Im_Sang-soo \"Im Sang-soo\"). The opening and closing sequences, plus the transitions were directed by Brazilian Vicente Amorim, while musician [Gilberto Gil](/wiki/Gilberto_Gil \"Gilberto Gil\") composed the theme song.",
"### *Berlin, I Love You*",
"{{main\\|Berlin, I Love You}}\nThe fifth and last installment to date in the series was *Berlin, I Love You*, a joint German and U.S. production. It was released on February 8, 2019 in the United States, by [Saban Films](/wiki/Saban_Capital_Group \"Saban Capital Group\"), and on August 8, 2019 in Germany, by [Warner Bros. Pictures](/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures \"Warner Bros. Pictures\"). Directors of the segment include [Dianna Agron](/wiki/Dianna_Agron \"Dianna Agron\"), [Peter Chelsom](/wiki/Peter_Chelsom \"Peter Chelsom\"), [Fernando Eimbcke](/wiki/Fernando_Eimbcke \"Fernando Eimbcke\"), Justin Franklin, [Dennis Gansel](/wiki/Dennis_Gansel \"Dennis Gansel\"), [Dani Levy](/wiki/Dani_Levy \"Dani Levy\"), Daniel Lwowski, [Josef Rusnak](/wiki/Josef_Rusnak \"Josef Rusnak\"), [Til Schweiger](/wiki/Til_Schweiger \"Til Schweiger\"), [Massy Tadjedin](/wiki/Massy_Tadjedin \"Massy Tadjedin\") and Gabriela Tscherniak. The film stars, among others, [Helen Mirren](/wiki/Helen_Mirren \"Helen Mirren\"), [Keira Knightley](/wiki/Keira_Knightley \"Keira Knightley\"), [Mickey Rourke](/wiki/Mickey_Rourke \"Mickey Rourke\"), [Diego Luna](/wiki/Diego_Luna \"Diego Luna\"), [Jim Sturgess](/wiki/Jim_Sturgess \"Jim Sturgess\"), [Dianna Agron](/wiki/Dianna_Agron \"Dianna Agron\"), [Rafaëlle Cohen](/wiki/Rafa%C3%ABlle_Cohen \"Rafaëlle Cohen\"), [Jenna Dewan](/wiki/Jenna_Dewan \"Jenna Dewan\"), [Toni Garrn](/wiki/Toni_Garrn \"Toni Garrn\"), [Sibel Kekilli](/wiki/Sibel_Kekilli \"Sibel Kekilli\"), [Hannelore Elsner](/wiki/Hannelore_Elsner \"Hannelore Elsner\"), [Robert Stadlober](/wiki/Robert_Stadlober \"Robert Stadlober\") and [Luke Wilson](/wiki/Luke_Wilson \"Luke Wilson\").",
""
] |
Composer
--------
Grey made his [Carnegie Hall](/wiki/Carnegie_Hall "Carnegie Hall") debut as a composer with Kronos Quartet in 2003\. His solo, ensemble and orchestra music has been performed in many venues including the [Sydney Opera House Concert Hall](/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House "Sydney Opera House"), [Théâtre de la Ville](/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_la_Ville "Théâtre de la Ville") in Paris, [Barbican Centre](/wiki/Barbican_Centre "Barbican Centre") in [London](/wiki/London "London"), [Het Muziektheater](/wiki/Het_Muziektheater "Het Muziektheater") in [Amsterdam](/wiki/Amsterdam "Amsterdam"), Carnegie Hall's [Zankel Hall](/wiki/Zankel_Hall "Zankel Hall"), [Philharmonie Hall](/wiki/Warsaw_Philharmonic_Orchestra "Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra") in [Warsaw](/wiki/Warsaw "Warsaw"), UNESCO [Palacio de Bellas Artes](/wiki/Palacio_de_Bellas_Artes "Palacio de Bellas Artes") in [Mexico City](/wiki/Mexico_City "Mexico City"), [Symphony Hall](/wiki/Phoenix_Symphony_Hall "Phoenix Symphony Hall") in [Phoenix](/wiki/Phoenix%2C_Arizona "Phoenix, Arizona"), [Royce Hall](/wiki/Royce_Hall "Royce Hall") in [Los Angeles](/wiki/Los_Angeles "Los Angeles"), as well as at the [Ravinia](/wiki/Ravinia_Festival "Ravinia Festival"), [Cabrillo](http://www.cabrillomusic.org/), [OtherMinds](http://www.otherminds.org), [Perth International](/wiki/Perth_International_Arts_Festival "Perth International Arts Festival"), and [Spoleto](/wiki/Spoleto_Festival_USA "Spoleto Festival USA") festivals.
Grey was commissioned by [The National Opera of Belgium La Monnaie de Munt Opera](/wiki/La_Monnaie/De_Munt "La Monnaie/De Munt") to write an evening length grand opera that premiered during the spring of 2016 in Brussels. The subject of the opera was [Mary Shelley's](/wiki/Mary_Shelley "Mary Shelley") *[Frankenstein](/wiki/Frankenstein "Frankenstein")* – to commemorate the novel's 200 year anniversary. The libretto was written by Júlia Canosa i Serra with stage direction by [Àlex Ollé](/wiki/%C3%80lex_Oll%C3%A9 "Àlex Ollé") ([La Fura dels Baus](/wiki/La_Fura_dels_Baus "La Fura dels Baus")). In 2013–14, commissions were awarded from [The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra](/wiki/Atlanta_Symphony_Orchestra "Atlanta Symphony Orchestra") and [The Los Angeles Philharmonic](/wiki/Los_Angeles_Philharmonic "Los Angeles Philharmonic"), among others.
During a two\-month period in the spring of 2011, Grey received three world premieres in three of the world's great concert halls. The first work was for soprano [Jessica Rivera](/wiki/Jessica_Rivera "Jessica Rivera") and The MEME Ensemble, titled *Ātash Sorushān (Fire Angels)*, a Carnegie Hall, [Cal Performances](/wiki/Cal_Performances "Cal Performances") and [Meet The Composer](/wiki/New_Music_USA "New Music USA") co\-commission, which premiered at Carnegie's Zankel Hall. The libretto for this work was created by poet [Niloufar Talebi](/wiki/Niloufar_Talebi "Niloufar Talebi"). The second work, titled *Mugunghwa (Rose of Sharon)*, for violinist [Jennifer Koh](/wiki/Jennifer_Koh "Jennifer Koh"), [Los Angeles Master Chorale](/wiki/Los_Angeles_Master_Chorale "Los Angeles Master Chorale"), and chamber orchestra premiered at [Walt Disney Concert Hall](/wiki/Walt_Disney_Concert_Hall "Walt Disney Concert Hall") in Los Angeles. Finally, Mr. Grey was commissioned by The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra to write a fanfare for orchestra celebrating [Robert Spano's](/wiki/Robert_Spano "Robert Spano") Tenth Anniversary as music director and [Donald Runnicles’](/wiki/Donald_Runnicles "Donald Runnicles") Tenth Anniversary as Principal Guest Conductor.
Grey was The Phoenix Symphony's Composer In Residence for their 2007/08 season. He composed a 70\-minute oratorio, *Enemy Slayer: A Navajo Oratorio*, for baritone, chorus of 130 singers, and full orchestra, which premiered in February 2008\. The story of the oratorio was based on a Navajo creation mythology story. The residency was funded by Meet The Composer and [ASOL's](/wiki/League_of_American_Orchestras "League of American Orchestras") program Music Alive! The oratorio was recorded for [Naxos Records](/wiki/Naxos_%28company%29 "Naxos (company)") and released March 2009\. *Enemy Slayer* was also performed at the [Colorado Music Festival](/wiki/Colorado_Music_Festival "Colorado Music Festival") in July 2008 and in [Salt Lake City](/wiki/Salt_Lake_City "Salt Lake City") in May 2009 with the Salt Lake Choral Artists. In September 2007, a 10\-minute full orchestra work was premiered during the residency period, titled *The Summons*.
Other recent commissions include works for The Los Angeles Philharmonic's Minimalist Jukebox Festival, Kronos Quartet, Colorado Music Festival Orchestra, [Leila Josefowicz](/wiki/Leila_Josefowicz "Leila Josefowicz"), Paul Dresher Ensemble, [The California EARUnit](/wiki/California_EAR_Unit "California EAR Unit"), and [Joan Jeanrenaud](/wiki/Joan_Jeanrenaud "Joan Jeanrenaud").
*Bertoia I and II*, a two\-movement composition, was included as part of Kronos' evening length program *[Visual Music](http://kronosquartet.org/projects/detail/visual_music)* which has been performed at Theatre de la Ville ([Paris](/wiki/Paris "Paris")), [Sydney](/wiki/Sydney "Sydney") Opera House, [Perth](/wiki/Perth "Perth") International Music Festival (Australia), Barbican Centre (London), Het Muziktheater (Amsterdam), Carnegie Hall ([New York City](/wiki/New_York_City "New York City")), Royce Hall (Los Angeles), Yerba Buena Center for the Arts (San Francisco), and several others.
During her 2005/2006 season, violin prodigy Leila Josefowicz toured Grey's *San Andreas Suite* for unaccompanied violin as part of her recital program. Performances have been worldwide, including Barbican Centre in London, Warsaw Philharmonic Hall, Carnegie Hall in November 2005 and Ravinia Festival in the summer of 2006\. As well, she recorded the recital program for Warner Classics, released April 2005\. In the summer of 2006, Ms. Josefowicz premiered Grey's violin concerto titled *Elevation*. At the Colorado Music Festival with conductor [Michael Christie](/wiki/Michael_Christie_%28conductor%29 "Michael Christie (conductor)"), and then at the Cabrillo Music Festival with conductor [Marin Alsop](/wiki/Marin_Alsop "Marin Alsop").
In April 2009, Molly Morkoski premiered a new solo piano work titled *A Rax Dawn* at [Symphony Space](/wiki/Symphony_Space "Symphony Space") in New York City. In August 2009, Areon Flutes premiered a flute quartet titled *The Alluring Wave* at the 2009 U.S. National Flute Convention.
In July 2005, Michael Christie premiered Grey's new work for orchestra titled *Pursuit* as part of the Colorado Music Festival.
Grey's music can be heard on Naxos (*Enemy Slayer*), Joan Jeanrenaud's debut album *Metamorphosis* on New Albion Records, [NPR](/wiki/NPR "NPR")/[Nonesuch Records](/wiki/Nonesuch_Records "Nonesuch Records")/Carnegie Hall radio series Creators at Carnegie, and [Warner Classics](/wiki/Warner_Classics "Warner Classics") (Josefowicz, *San Andreas Suite*).
During his tenure at San Jose State University, Grey performed with an [experimental](/wiki/Experimental_music "Experimental music") [noise music](/wiki/Noise_music "Noise music") ensemble called the Gas Chamber Orchestra,[Metroactive Music \| Gas Chamber Orchestra](http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/05.14.98/gaschamberorch-9819.html) a group created in response to the [California ruling in October 1994](https://web.archive.org/web/20160113131059/http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=48) that the gas chamber is cruel and unusual punishment and therefore unconstitutional.
Grey was listed in the Los Angeles Times *Faces to Watch* 2006 by classical music writer Mark Swed.
|
[
"Composer\n--------",
"Grey made his [Carnegie Hall](/wiki/Carnegie_Hall \"Carnegie Hall\") debut as a composer with Kronos Quartet in 2003\\. His solo, ensemble and orchestra music has been performed in many venues including the [Sydney Opera House Concert Hall](/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House \"Sydney Opera House\"), [Théâtre de la Ville](/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_la_Ville \"Théâtre de la Ville\") in Paris, [Barbican Centre](/wiki/Barbican_Centre \"Barbican Centre\") in [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), [Het Muziektheater](/wiki/Het_Muziektheater \"Het Muziektheater\") in [Amsterdam](/wiki/Amsterdam \"Amsterdam\"), Carnegie Hall's [Zankel Hall](/wiki/Zankel_Hall \"Zankel Hall\"), [Philharmonie Hall](/wiki/Warsaw_Philharmonic_Orchestra \"Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra\") in [Warsaw](/wiki/Warsaw \"Warsaw\"), UNESCO [Palacio de Bellas Artes](/wiki/Palacio_de_Bellas_Artes \"Palacio de Bellas Artes\") in [Mexico City](/wiki/Mexico_City \"Mexico City\"), [Symphony Hall](/wiki/Phoenix_Symphony_Hall \"Phoenix Symphony Hall\") in [Phoenix](/wiki/Phoenix%2C_Arizona \"Phoenix, Arizona\"), [Royce Hall](/wiki/Royce_Hall \"Royce Hall\") in [Los Angeles](/wiki/Los_Angeles \"Los Angeles\"), as well as at the [Ravinia](/wiki/Ravinia_Festival \"Ravinia Festival\"), [Cabrillo](http://www.cabrillomusic.org/), [OtherMinds](http://www.otherminds.org), [Perth International](/wiki/Perth_International_Arts_Festival \"Perth International Arts Festival\"), and [Spoleto](/wiki/Spoleto_Festival_USA \"Spoleto Festival USA\") festivals.",
"Grey was commissioned by [The National Opera of Belgium La Monnaie de Munt Opera](/wiki/La_Monnaie/De_Munt \"La Monnaie/De Munt\") to write an evening length grand opera that premiered during the spring of 2016 in Brussels. The subject of the opera was [Mary Shelley's](/wiki/Mary_Shelley \"Mary Shelley\") *[Frankenstein](/wiki/Frankenstein \"Frankenstein\")* – to commemorate the novel's 200 year anniversary. The libretto was written by Júlia Canosa i Serra with stage direction by [Àlex Ollé](/wiki/%C3%80lex_Oll%C3%A9 \"Àlex Ollé\") ([La Fura dels Baus](/wiki/La_Fura_dels_Baus \"La Fura dels Baus\")). In 2013–14, commissions were awarded from [The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra](/wiki/Atlanta_Symphony_Orchestra \"Atlanta Symphony Orchestra\") and [The Los Angeles Philharmonic](/wiki/Los_Angeles_Philharmonic \"Los Angeles Philharmonic\"), among others.",
"During a two\\-month period in the spring of 2011, Grey received three world premieres in three of the world's great concert halls. The first work was for soprano [Jessica Rivera](/wiki/Jessica_Rivera \"Jessica Rivera\") and The MEME Ensemble, titled *Ātash Sorushān (Fire Angels)*, a Carnegie Hall, [Cal Performances](/wiki/Cal_Performances \"Cal Performances\") and [Meet The Composer](/wiki/New_Music_USA \"New Music USA\") co\\-commission, which premiered at Carnegie's Zankel Hall. The libretto for this work was created by poet [Niloufar Talebi](/wiki/Niloufar_Talebi \"Niloufar Talebi\"). The second work, titled *Mugunghwa (Rose of Sharon)*, for violinist [Jennifer Koh](/wiki/Jennifer_Koh \"Jennifer Koh\"), [Los Angeles Master Chorale](/wiki/Los_Angeles_Master_Chorale \"Los Angeles Master Chorale\"), and chamber orchestra premiered at [Walt Disney Concert Hall](/wiki/Walt_Disney_Concert_Hall \"Walt Disney Concert Hall\") in Los Angeles. Finally, Mr. Grey was commissioned by The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra to write a fanfare for orchestra celebrating [Robert Spano's](/wiki/Robert_Spano \"Robert Spano\") Tenth Anniversary as music director and [Donald Runnicles’](/wiki/Donald_Runnicles \"Donald Runnicles\") Tenth Anniversary as Principal Guest Conductor.",
"Grey was The Phoenix Symphony's Composer In Residence for their 2007/08 season. He composed a 70\\-minute oratorio, *Enemy Slayer: A Navajo Oratorio*, for baritone, chorus of 130 singers, and full orchestra, which premiered in February 2008\\. The story of the oratorio was based on a Navajo creation mythology story. The residency was funded by Meet The Composer and [ASOL's](/wiki/League_of_American_Orchestras \"League of American Orchestras\") program Music Alive! The oratorio was recorded for [Naxos Records](/wiki/Naxos_%28company%29 \"Naxos (company)\") and released March 2009\\. *Enemy Slayer* was also performed at the [Colorado Music Festival](/wiki/Colorado_Music_Festival \"Colorado Music Festival\") in July 2008 and in [Salt Lake City](/wiki/Salt_Lake_City \"Salt Lake City\") in May 2009 with the Salt Lake Choral Artists. In September 2007, a 10\\-minute full orchestra work was premiered during the residency period, titled *The Summons*.",
"Other recent commissions include works for The Los Angeles Philharmonic's Minimalist Jukebox Festival, Kronos Quartet, Colorado Music Festival Orchestra, [Leila Josefowicz](/wiki/Leila_Josefowicz \"Leila Josefowicz\"), Paul Dresher Ensemble, [The California EARUnit](/wiki/California_EAR_Unit \"California EAR Unit\"), and [Joan Jeanrenaud](/wiki/Joan_Jeanrenaud \"Joan Jeanrenaud\").",
"*Bertoia I and II*, a two\\-movement composition, was included as part of Kronos' evening length program *[Visual Music](http://kronosquartet.org/projects/detail/visual_music)* which has been performed at Theatre de la Ville ([Paris](/wiki/Paris \"Paris\")), [Sydney](/wiki/Sydney \"Sydney\") Opera House, [Perth](/wiki/Perth \"Perth\") International Music Festival (Australia), Barbican Centre (London), Het Muziktheater (Amsterdam), Carnegie Hall ([New York City](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\")), Royce Hall (Los Angeles), Yerba Buena Center for the Arts (San Francisco), and several others.",
"During her 2005/2006 season, violin prodigy Leila Josefowicz toured Grey's *San Andreas Suite* for unaccompanied violin as part of her recital program. Performances have been worldwide, including Barbican Centre in London, Warsaw Philharmonic Hall, Carnegie Hall in November 2005 and Ravinia Festival in the summer of 2006\\. As well, she recorded the recital program for Warner Classics, released April 2005\\. In the summer of 2006, Ms. Josefowicz premiered Grey's violin concerto titled *Elevation*. At the Colorado Music Festival with conductor [Michael Christie](/wiki/Michael_Christie_%28conductor%29 \"Michael Christie (conductor)\"), and then at the Cabrillo Music Festival with conductor [Marin Alsop](/wiki/Marin_Alsop \"Marin Alsop\").",
"In April 2009, Molly Morkoski premiered a new solo piano work titled *A Rax Dawn* at [Symphony Space](/wiki/Symphony_Space \"Symphony Space\") in New York City. In August 2009, Areon Flutes premiered a flute quartet titled *The Alluring Wave* at the 2009 U.S. National Flute Convention.",
"In July 2005, Michael Christie premiered Grey's new work for orchestra titled *Pursuit* as part of the Colorado Music Festival.",
"Grey's music can be heard on Naxos (*Enemy Slayer*), Joan Jeanrenaud's debut album *Metamorphosis* on New Albion Records, [NPR](/wiki/NPR \"NPR\")/[Nonesuch Records](/wiki/Nonesuch_Records \"Nonesuch Records\")/Carnegie Hall radio series Creators at Carnegie, and [Warner Classics](/wiki/Warner_Classics \"Warner Classics\") (Josefowicz, *San Andreas Suite*).",
"During his tenure at San Jose State University, Grey performed with an [experimental](/wiki/Experimental_music \"Experimental music\") [noise music](/wiki/Noise_music \"Noise music\") ensemble called the Gas Chamber Orchestra,[Metroactive Music \\| Gas Chamber Orchestra](http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/05.14.98/gaschamberorch-9819.html) a group created in response to the [California ruling in October 1994](https://web.archive.org/web/20160113131059/http://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=48) that the gas chamber is cruel and unusual punishment and therefore unconstitutional.",
"Grey was listed in the Los Angeles Times *Faces to Watch* 2006 by classical music writer Mark Swed.",
""
] |
Sound designer
--------------
Over two decades as a sound designer, professional relationships have led Grey
to work with such organizations and artists as [Boosey \& Hawkes Music Publishers](/wiki/Boosey_%26_Hawkes "Boosey & Hawkes"), John Adams, [Steve Reich](/wiki/Steve_Reich "Steve Reich"), [Philip Glass](/wiki/Philip_Glass "Philip Glass"), [Terry Riley](/wiki/Terry_Riley "Terry Riley"), [Péter Eötvös](/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s "Péter Eötvös"), Kronos Quartet and [The Paul Dresher Ensemble](/wiki/Paul_Dresher "Paul Dresher"). He has premiered major concert and opera works for these composers.
Grey was the first sound designer in history to design for [The New York Philharmonic](/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic "New York Philharmonic") at [Avery Fisher Hall](/wiki/David_Geffen_Hall "David Geffen Hall") in 2002 (Adams’ *On the Transmigration of Souls*), The [Lyric Opera of Chicago](/wiki/Lyric_Opera_of_Chicago "Lyric Opera of Chicago") in 2007, Walt Disney Concert Hall in 2003 and was the first to design for [The Metropolitan Opera](/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera "Metropolitan Opera") in New York City, for Adams' *Doctor Atomic* in October 2008\. His sound design creations have been seen and heard throughout most major concert halls, theatres and opera houses worldwide.
Grey continues to work as sound designer for John Adams. He was the [recording engineer](/wiki/Recording_engineer "Recording engineer") on Adams' *[Hoodoo Zephyr](/wiki/Hoodoo_Zephyr "Hoodoo Zephyr")*, and was the sound designer for *[El Niño](/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o_%28oratorio%29 "El Niño (oratorio)")*, *[Doctor Atomic](/wiki/Doctor_Atomic "Doctor Atomic")*, and *[On the Transmigration of Souls](/wiki/On_the_Transmigration_of_Souls "On the Transmigration of Souls")*. His design work with Adams has been viewed as "cutting edge" for the world of traditional Classical music; the sound design for *Doctor Atomic* marked the first time house amplification was used in concert halls such as the [Lyric Opera of Chicago](/wiki/Lyric_Opera_of_Chicago "Lyric Opera of Chicago") or the [New York Metropolitan Opera](/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera "Metropolitan Opera").
In 2011 Grey provided the sound design for The Chicago Lyric's production of [Jerome Kern's](/wiki/Jerome_Kern "Jerome Kern") *[Show Boat](/wiki/Show_Boat "Show Boat")* with co\-productions at [Houston Grand Opera](/wiki/Houston_Grand_Opera "Houston Grand Opera"), [San Francisco Opera](/wiki/San_Francisco_Opera "San Francisco Opera"), and [Washington National Opera](/wiki/Washington_National_Opera "Washington National Opera") in D.C.
In 2008 Grey provided the sound design for [Stewart Wallace](/wiki/Stewart_Wallace "Stewart Wallace")'s opera *[The Bonesetter's Daughter](/wiki/The_Bonesetter%27s_Daughter_%28opera%29 "The Bonesetter's Daughter (opera)")* when it premiered at the San Francisco Opera.
From 1990 to 1996 Grey worked as the first ever editorial intern at *[Keyboard Magazine](/wiki/Keyboard_Magazine "Keyboard Magazine")*, publishing technical materials and a monthly column.
|
[
"Sound designer\n--------------",
"",
"Over two decades as a sound designer, professional relationships have led Grey\nto work with such organizations and artists as [Boosey \\& Hawkes Music Publishers](/wiki/Boosey_%26_Hawkes \"Boosey & Hawkes\"), John Adams, [Steve Reich](/wiki/Steve_Reich \"Steve Reich\"), [Philip Glass](/wiki/Philip_Glass \"Philip Glass\"), [Terry Riley](/wiki/Terry_Riley \"Terry Riley\"), [Péter Eötvös](/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s \"Péter Eötvös\"), Kronos Quartet and [The Paul Dresher Ensemble](/wiki/Paul_Dresher \"Paul Dresher\"). He has premiered major concert and opera works for these composers.",
"Grey was the first sound designer in history to design for [The New York Philharmonic](/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic \"New York Philharmonic\") at [Avery Fisher Hall](/wiki/David_Geffen_Hall \"David Geffen Hall\") in 2002 (Adams’ *On the Transmigration of Souls*), The [Lyric Opera of Chicago](/wiki/Lyric_Opera_of_Chicago \"Lyric Opera of Chicago\") in 2007, Walt Disney Concert Hall in 2003 and was the first to design for [The Metropolitan Opera](/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera \"Metropolitan Opera\") in New York City, for Adams' *Doctor Atomic* in October 2008\\. His sound design creations have been seen and heard throughout most major concert halls, theatres and opera houses worldwide.",
"Grey continues to work as sound designer for John Adams. He was the [recording engineer](/wiki/Recording_engineer \"Recording engineer\") on Adams' *[Hoodoo Zephyr](/wiki/Hoodoo_Zephyr \"Hoodoo Zephyr\")*, and was the sound designer for *[El Niño](/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o_%28oratorio%29 \"El Niño (oratorio)\")*, *[Doctor Atomic](/wiki/Doctor_Atomic \"Doctor Atomic\")*, and *[On the Transmigration of Souls](/wiki/On_the_Transmigration_of_Souls \"On the Transmigration of Souls\")*. His design work with Adams has been viewed as \"cutting edge\" for the world of traditional Classical music; the sound design for *Doctor Atomic* marked the first time house amplification was used in concert halls such as the [Lyric Opera of Chicago](/wiki/Lyric_Opera_of_Chicago \"Lyric Opera of Chicago\") or the [New York Metropolitan Opera](/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera \"Metropolitan Opera\").",
"In 2011 Grey provided the sound design for The Chicago Lyric's production of [Jerome Kern's](/wiki/Jerome_Kern \"Jerome Kern\") *[Show Boat](/wiki/Show_Boat \"Show Boat\")* with co\\-productions at [Houston Grand Opera](/wiki/Houston_Grand_Opera \"Houston Grand Opera\"), [San Francisco Opera](/wiki/San_Francisco_Opera \"San Francisco Opera\"), and [Washington National Opera](/wiki/Washington_National_Opera \"Washington National Opera\") in D.C.",
"In 2008 Grey provided the sound design for [Stewart Wallace](/wiki/Stewart_Wallace \"Stewart Wallace\")'s opera *[The Bonesetter's Daughter](/wiki/The_Bonesetter%27s_Daughter_%28opera%29 \"The Bonesetter's Daughter (opera)\")* when it premiered at the San Francisco Opera.",
"From 1990 to 1996 Grey worked as the first ever editorial intern at *[Keyboard Magazine](/wiki/Keyboard_Magazine \"Keyboard Magazine\")*, publishing technical materials and a monthly column.",
""
] |
Background
----------
The Irish Stem Cell Foundation is a [non\-profit organization](/wiki/Non-profit_organization "Non-profit organization"). It was established in [Dublin](/wiki/Dublin "Dublin"){{cite news\|url\=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/group\-seeks\-to\-furnish\-facts\-on\-stem\-cells\-1\.760705\|title\=Group seeks to furnish facts on stem cells\|first\=Dick\|last\=Ahlstrom\|newspaper\=The Irish Times\|accessdate\=29 January 2019}} in October 2009, and is composed of doctors, researchers, patient advocates, science communicators, solicitors, teachers and students.
The foundation's objectives are described as:
* Accelerate [Stem Cell Research](/wiki/Stem_Cell_Research "Stem Cell Research") to cure major illnesses and injury.
* Provide a focus on education in all areas of stem cell research and therapy.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v\=8JTw2RpDo9o\|title\=What are stem cells? How can they be used for medical benefit?\|date\=12 December 2009 \|accessdate\=29 January 2019\|publisher\=\[\[YouTube]]}}
* Establish a forum to promote, foster and exchange accurate information on the progress of stem cell research to all interested parties.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.businesspost.ie/\|title\=The Business Post \- Independent journalism every day\|website\=Businesspost.ie\|accessdate\=29 January 2019}}{{cite web\|url\=https://www.businesspost.ie/\|title\=The Business Post \- Independent journalism every day \|website\=Businesspost.ie\|accessdate\=29 January 2019}}
* It also seeks to have appropriate [legislation](/wiki/Legislation "Legislation") and improve current governance to make Irish [Medical](/wiki/Medical "Medical") Research more competitive internationally{{cite web\|url\=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnfarrell/2012/03/17/irelands\-biotech\-sector\-facing\-great\-challenges/\|title\=Ireland's Biotech Sector Facing Great Challenges\|first\=John\|last\=Farrell\|website\=Forbes.com\|accessdate\=29 January 2019}} and to educate and thus reduce risk to the Irish patient.
The [Chief Scientific Officer](/wiki/Chief_Scientific_Officer "Chief Scientific Officer") of the Foundation is Dr Stephen Sullivan{{cite journal\|url\=https://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0309/114931\-stemcell/\|title\=Obama lifts stem cell research limits\|date\=9 March 2009\|accessdate\=29 January 2019\|website\=Rte.ie}}{{Cite web \|url\=http://www.rte.ie/tv/sciencefriction/episode3\.html \|title\=RTÉ Television \- Science Friction \|website\=\[\[RTÉ.ie]] \|access\-date\=5 March 2012 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917091323/http://www.rte.ie/tv/sciencefriction/episode3\.html \|archive\-date\=17 September 2012 \|url\-status\=dead\|df\=dmy\-all }}{{cite journal\|title\=Ireland to regulate embryonic stem cells\|first\=Alison\|last\=Abbott\|date\=17 December 2009\|journal\=Nature\|doi\=10\.1038/news.2009\.1148}}{{cite web\|url\=http://explore.tandfonline.com/page/est/landes\-bioscience\|title\=Explore Taylor \& Francis Online\|website\=Explore.tandfonline.com\|accessdate\=29 January 2019\|archive\-date\=29 January 2019\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129064354/http://explore.tandfonline.com/page/est/landes\-bioscience\|url\-status\=dead}}
The [Chief Medical Officer](/wiki/Chief_Medical_Officer "Chief Medical Officer") of the Foundation is Professor [Orla Hardiman](/wiki/Orla_Hardiman "Orla Hardiman").
The foundation has engaged the international and domestic media on the topic of stem cell [tourism](/wiki/Tourism "Tourism"), where patients are scammed by unregulated clinics making medically and scientifically unsubstantiated claims to patients over the internet.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.reuters.com/article/us\-stemcell\-scams\-idUSTRE78K18120110921\|title\=China "stem cell therapies" offer heartbreak for many\|date\=21 September 2011\|accessdate\=29 January 2019\|website\=Reuters.com}}{{Cite web \|url\=http://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0513/primetime\_av.html \|title\=RT?.ie Media Player: Prime Time 13 May 2010 \|website\=\[\[RTÉ.ie]] \|access\-date\=1 March 2012 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520040154/http://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0513/primetime\_av.html \|archive\-date\=20 May 2010 \|url\-status\=dead\|df\=dmy\-all }} Such experimental [protocols](/wiki/Protocol_%28natural_sciences%29 "Protocol (natural sciences)") endanger patients' lives and harm the reputation of legitimate stem cell research and [clinical trials](/wiki/Clinical_trials "Clinical trials") (which are tightly regulated).
The foundation agrees with the Irish Council Of Bioethics and the Irish Committee for Assisted Human Reproduction that Irish stem cell research needs a strong, transparent ethical and legislative structure. In 2010, the Foundation issued a public policy document on [embryonic stem cell research](/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell_research "Embryonic stem cell research").
In 2012 the Irish Stem Cell Foundation hosted its second conference, the Irish Stem Cell Summit, in Dublin.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnfarrell/2012/02/22/an\-irish\-stem\-cell\-perspective/\|title\=An Irish Stem Cell Perspective\|first\=John\|last\=Farrell\|website\=Forbes.com\|accessdate\=29 January 2019}} The Summit focused on the underdevelopment of Irish policy and law pertaining to stem cells, and the detrimental effect this has on the quality of research in the area, as well as the damage this is doing to public trust, international investment and collaboration.{{cite journal\|url\=https://www.rte.ie/news/2012/1008/340819\-stem\-cell\-legislation/\|title\=Government urged on stem cell legislation\|date\=8 October 2012\|website\=Rte.ie\|accessdate\=29 January 2019}}
In 2013, the Foundation led a campaign with other Irish medical research charities to question the wisdom of abolishing Ireland's independent Chief Scientific Adviser.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/advisory\-role\-for\-sfi\-chief\-raises\-fears\-217911\.html\|title\=Advisory role for SFI chief raises fears\|date\=27 December 2012\|website\=Irishexaminer.com\|accessdate\=29 January 2019}}{{Cite web\|url\=http://www.medicalindependent.ie/page.aspx?title\=the\_appliance\_of\_science\|archive\-url\=https://archive.today/20130706030312/http://www.medicalindependent.ie/page.aspx?title\=the\_appliance\_of\_science\|url\-status\=dead\|archive\-date\=2013\-07\-06\|title \= The appliance of science \- the Medical Independent}}{{cite web\|url\=http://www.rte.ie/news/player/2012/1030/3425064\-chief\-scientific\-advisor\-position\-abolished\-irish\-stem\-cell\-foundations\-dr\-stephen\-sullivan/\|title\=Morning Ireland: Chief Scientific Advisor position abolished \- Irish Stem Cell Foundation's Dr Stephen Sullivan\|website\=Rte.ie\|accessdate\=29 January 2019}} More recently, the Foundation joined with the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society of Medicine in the UK to urge the European Parliament to maintain funding for European stem cell research.{{cite journal\|url\=https://www.rte.ie/news/2014/0409/607782\-stem\-cells/\|title\=EU urged to maintain stem cell research funding\|date\=9 April 2014\|accessdate\=29 January 2019\|website\=Rte.ie}}
The Irish Stem Cell Foundation is not affiliated with the lobby group calling itself 'The Adult Stem Cell Foundation of Ireland'.{{cite web\|url\=https://ipscell.com/2012/04/stem\-cell\-conflict\-erupting\-in\-ireland/\|title\=Stem Cell Conflict Erupting in Ireland\|first\=Paul\|last\=Knoepfler\|date\=22 April 2012\|website\=The Niche\|accessdate\=29 January 2019}} The Irish Stem Cell Foundation supports all types of stem cell research governed by an open and transparent ethics structure. This position is consistent with those formulated by several other Irish groups including The Commission for Assisted Human Reproduction, The Irish Council of Bioethics, and The Irish Patients Association.
|
[
"Background\n----------",
"The Irish Stem Cell Foundation is a [non\\-profit organization](/wiki/Non-profit_organization \"Non-profit organization\"). It was established in [Dublin](/wiki/Dublin \"Dublin\"){{cite news\\|url\\=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/group\\-seeks\\-to\\-furnish\\-facts\\-on\\-stem\\-cells\\-1\\.760705\\|title\\=Group seeks to furnish facts on stem cells\\|first\\=Dick\\|last\\=Ahlstrom\\|newspaper\\=The Irish Times\\|accessdate\\=29 January 2019}} in October 2009, and is composed of doctors, researchers, patient advocates, science communicators, solicitors, teachers and students.",
"The foundation's objectives are described as:\n* Accelerate [Stem Cell Research](/wiki/Stem_Cell_Research \"Stem Cell Research\") to cure major illnesses and injury.\n* Provide a focus on education in all areas of stem cell research and therapy.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v\\=8JTw2RpDo9o\\|title\\=What are stem cells? How can they be used for medical benefit?\\|date\\=12 December 2009 \\|accessdate\\=29 January 2019\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[YouTube]]}}\n* Establish a forum to promote, foster and exchange accurate information on the progress of stem cell research to all interested parties.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.businesspost.ie/\\|title\\=The Business Post \\- Independent journalism every day\\|website\\=Businesspost.ie\\|accessdate\\=29 January 2019}}{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.businesspost.ie/\\|title\\=The Business Post \\- Independent journalism every day \\|website\\=Businesspost.ie\\|accessdate\\=29 January 2019}}\n* It also seeks to have appropriate [legislation](/wiki/Legislation \"Legislation\") and improve current governance to make Irish [Medical](/wiki/Medical \"Medical\") Research more competitive internationally{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnfarrell/2012/03/17/irelands\\-biotech\\-sector\\-facing\\-great\\-challenges/\\|title\\=Ireland's Biotech Sector Facing Great Challenges\\|first\\=John\\|last\\=Farrell\\|website\\=Forbes.com\\|accessdate\\=29 January 2019}} and to educate and thus reduce risk to the Irish patient.",
"The [Chief Scientific Officer](/wiki/Chief_Scientific_Officer \"Chief Scientific Officer\") of the Foundation is Dr Stephen Sullivan{{cite journal\\|url\\=https://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0309/114931\\-stemcell/\\|title\\=Obama lifts stem cell research limits\\|date\\=9 March 2009\\|accessdate\\=29 January 2019\\|website\\=Rte.ie}}{{Cite web \\|url\\=http://www.rte.ie/tv/sciencefriction/episode3\\.html \\|title\\=RTÉ Television \\- Science Friction \\|website\\=\\[\\[RTÉ.ie]] \\|access\\-date\\=5 March 2012 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917091323/http://www.rte.ie/tv/sciencefriction/episode3\\.html \\|archive\\-date\\=17 September 2012 \\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=dmy\\-all }}{{cite journal\\|title\\=Ireland to regulate embryonic stem cells\\|first\\=Alison\\|last\\=Abbott\\|date\\=17 December 2009\\|journal\\=Nature\\|doi\\=10\\.1038/news.2009\\.1148}}{{cite web\\|url\\=http://explore.tandfonline.com/page/est/landes\\-bioscience\\|title\\=Explore Taylor \\& Francis Online\\|website\\=Explore.tandfonline.com\\|accessdate\\=29 January 2019\\|archive\\-date\\=29 January 2019\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129064354/http://explore.tandfonline.com/page/est/landes\\-bioscience\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} \nThe [Chief Medical Officer](/wiki/Chief_Medical_Officer \"Chief Medical Officer\") of the Foundation is Professor [Orla Hardiman](/wiki/Orla_Hardiman \"Orla Hardiman\").",
"The foundation has engaged the international and domestic media on the topic of stem cell [tourism](/wiki/Tourism \"Tourism\"), where patients are scammed by unregulated clinics making medically and scientifically unsubstantiated claims to patients over the internet.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.reuters.com/article/us\\-stemcell\\-scams\\-idUSTRE78K18120110921\\|title\\=China \"stem cell therapies\" offer heartbreak for many\\|date\\=21 September 2011\\|accessdate\\=29 January 2019\\|website\\=Reuters.com}}{{Cite web \\|url\\=http://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0513/primetime\\_av.html \\|title\\=RT?.ie Media Player: Prime Time 13 May 2010 \\|website\\=\\[\\[RTÉ.ie]] \\|access\\-date\\=1 March 2012 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520040154/http://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0513/primetime\\_av.html \\|archive\\-date\\=20 May 2010 \\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=dmy\\-all }} Such experimental [protocols](/wiki/Protocol_%28natural_sciences%29 \"Protocol (natural sciences)\") endanger patients' lives and harm the reputation of legitimate stem cell research and [clinical trials](/wiki/Clinical_trials \"Clinical trials\") (which are tightly regulated).",
"The foundation agrees with the Irish Council Of Bioethics and the Irish Committee for Assisted Human Reproduction that Irish stem cell research needs a strong, transparent ethical and legislative structure. In 2010, the Foundation issued a public policy document on [embryonic stem cell research](/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell_research \"Embryonic stem cell research\").",
"In 2012 the Irish Stem Cell Foundation hosted its second conference, the Irish Stem Cell Summit, in Dublin.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnfarrell/2012/02/22/an\\-irish\\-stem\\-cell\\-perspective/\\|title\\=An Irish Stem Cell Perspective\\|first\\=John\\|last\\=Farrell\\|website\\=Forbes.com\\|accessdate\\=29 January 2019}} The Summit focused on the underdevelopment of Irish policy and law pertaining to stem cells, and the detrimental effect this has on the quality of research in the area, as well as the damage this is doing to public trust, international investment and collaboration.{{cite journal\\|url\\=https://www.rte.ie/news/2012/1008/340819\\-stem\\-cell\\-legislation/\\|title\\=Government urged on stem cell legislation\\|date\\=8 October 2012\\|website\\=Rte.ie\\|accessdate\\=29 January 2019}}",
"In 2013, the Foundation led a campaign with other Irish medical research charities to question the wisdom of abolishing Ireland's independent Chief Scientific Adviser.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/advisory\\-role\\-for\\-sfi\\-chief\\-raises\\-fears\\-217911\\.html\\|title\\=Advisory role for SFI chief raises fears\\|date\\=27 December 2012\\|website\\=Irishexaminer.com\\|accessdate\\=29 January 2019}}{{Cite web\\|url\\=http://www.medicalindependent.ie/page.aspx?title\\=the\\_appliance\\_of\\_science\\|archive\\-url\\=https://archive.today/20130706030312/http://www.medicalindependent.ie/page.aspx?title\\=the\\_appliance\\_of\\_science\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|archive\\-date\\=2013\\-07\\-06\\|title \\= The appliance of science \\- the Medical Independent}}{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.rte.ie/news/player/2012/1030/3425064\\-chief\\-scientific\\-advisor\\-position\\-abolished\\-irish\\-stem\\-cell\\-foundations\\-dr\\-stephen\\-sullivan/\\|title\\=Morning Ireland: Chief Scientific Advisor position abolished \\- Irish Stem Cell Foundation's Dr Stephen Sullivan\\|website\\=Rte.ie\\|accessdate\\=29 January 2019}} More recently, the Foundation joined with the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society of Medicine in the UK to urge the European Parliament to maintain funding for European stem cell research.{{cite journal\\|url\\=https://www.rte.ie/news/2014/0409/607782\\-stem\\-cells/\\|title\\=EU urged to maintain stem cell research funding\\|date\\=9 April 2014\\|accessdate\\=29 January 2019\\|website\\=Rte.ie}}",
"The Irish Stem Cell Foundation is not affiliated with the lobby group calling itself 'The Adult Stem Cell Foundation of Ireland'.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://ipscell.com/2012/04/stem\\-cell\\-conflict\\-erupting\\-in\\-ireland/\\|title\\=Stem Cell Conflict Erupting in Ireland\\|first\\=Paul\\|last\\=Knoepfler\\|date\\=22 April 2012\\|website\\=The Niche\\|accessdate\\=29 January 2019}} The Irish Stem Cell Foundation supports all types of stem cell research governed by an open and transparent ethics structure. This position is consistent with those formulated by several other Irish groups including The Commission for Assisted Human Reproduction, The Irish Council of Bioethics, and The Irish Patients Association.",
""
] |
Main Branches
-------------
### Seven Communes
[thumb\|Topographical map of the Seven Communes region.](/wiki/File:SetteComuni1850.jpg "SetteComuni1850.jpg")
Centered in Roana, a member of the [Federation of Seven Communes](/wiki/Sette_Comuni "Sette Comuni") of the Vincentian plateau (plus Asiago, Lusiana, Enego, Foza, Gallio, and Rotzo), the surrounding localities have been marked by the presence of the Sartori since the 14th century, either through property ownership or residence. However, the context of the region did not favor the survivalof the old feudal nobility of the family. In 1405, the Federation submitted to [Venice](/wiki/Venice "Venice") and was made a district of Vicenza, which maintained a captain or vicar there, preserving, however, a great autonomy, its customs and its old fiscal and commercial privileges. By the 16th century, the region's fiefdoms were almost all extinct, as since the 13th century, the communes had been jointly consolidating a system of [semi\-democratic](/wiki/Anocracy "Anocracy") communal government known as *[vicinanza](/wiki/Vicinanza "Vicinanza")*, with a local council made up of all the heads of households, able to legislate locally, appoint administrative officials, and oversee public accounts, as well as a dean (head of state with ceremonial and representative functions), and a syndic (head of government with executive functions). The capital of the Federation was Asiago, where the Regency met, a council consisting of one or two ministers from each commune under the coordination of a chancellor, who centralized the federative administration and foreign policy, arbitrated disputes, and appointed the [nuncios](/wiki/Nuncio "Nuncio") (procurators of the Regency in some other city). The administration of justice and military defense, however, were largely in charge of the [podesteria](/wiki/Podest%C3%A0 "Podestà") of Vicenza, representing the Venetian government. Most of the territory was collectively owned, indivisible and inalienable, and there was no division of society into rigid estates, no formal class of nobles, and no legal definition of nobility. Even so, there was a bourgeois patriciate made up of the wealthiest and most cultured families and those who obtained the highest public offices.{{Cite journal \|last\=Pietribiasi \|first\=Fabio \|year\=2014 \|title\=La Spettabile Reggenza dei Sette Comuni. Breve analisi di un federalismo incompiuto \|url\=http://www.giancarlobortoli.it/pdf/articoli/IL%20FEDERALSIMO%20DEI%207%20COMUNI.pdf \|journal\=Quaderno di Cultura Cimbra}}Bianchi, Francesco. "Una società di montagna in una terra di confine: l'altopiano dei Sette Comuni vicentini nel primo Cinquecento". In: Panciera, Walter (ed.). *Questioni di confine e terre di frontiera in area veneta. Secoli XVI\-XVIII*. FrancoAngeli, 2009, pp. 19\-88
Categoria
```
The nineteenth-century historian Giuseppe Nalli said that the family's presence honored the Seven Communes.
```
Some members are recorded in the region with noble titles, such as Bonato, Marco and Giovanni Martino, but the sources do not clarify how they were obtained.{{Cite book \|title\=Archivio veneto \|publisher\=Regia Deputazione di Storia Patria \|year\=2005 \|pages\=143}}
[left\|thumb\|Mount Erio in Roana, former Sartori property..](/wiki/File:Monte_Erio.jpg "Monte Erio.jpg")
In Roana, in addition to the fief received from Bishop Andrea dei Mozzi in 1295, which gave rise to the *contrada* Sartori, they owned the Erio and Verena mountains, the fief of Verenetta and other properties.{{Cite journal \|last\=Brentari \|first\=Ottone \|year\=1885 \|title\=Guida storico\-alpina di Bassano\-Sette Comuni: canale di Brenta, Marostica, Possagno, con carta della regione \|journal\=Sante Posszto \|pages\=177}} According to Alessandro Scandale, the family was one of the protagonists in the legal separation of Roana from [Rotzo](/wiki/Rotzo "Rotzo") and its constitution as a new commune in 1300\.{{Cite web \|last\=Scandale \|first\=Alessandro \|date\=2012\-12\-08 \|title\=Margareta e Frà dolcino, amore e libertà \|url\=https://ladomenicadivicenza.gruppovideomedia.it/a\_ITA\_4925\_1\.html \|website\=Domenica di Vicenza}}
Marco de Roana was a *[condottiero](/wiki/Condottiero "Condottiero")* in the service of the Republic of Venice, distinguishing himself in the wars against the [Ottomans](/wiki/Ottoman_Turks "Ottoman Turks") at the end of the 17th century. He was captain during the siege of [Budapest](/wiki/Budapest "Budapest") and governor of Venetian Dalmatia (today in [Montenegro](/wiki/Montenegro "Montenegro")).{{Cite journal \|last\=D'Ancora \|first\=Enzo \|year\=1937 \|title\=Annuario generale della provincia di Vicenza \|journal\=Arti Grafiche delle Venezie}}{{Cite web \|title\=Storia Militare della Popolazione Cimbra \|url\=https://www.serenissimogoverno.eu/2006/02/23/storia\-militare\-della\-popolazione\-cimbra/ \|access\-date\=2022\-12\-18 \|website\=Veneto Serenissimo Governo\|date\=23 February 2006 }} He fought bravely at [Grahovo](/wiki/Grahovo_%28region%29 "Grahovo (region)"), a crucial place to contain the advance of the Ottomans.{{Cite journal \|last\=Todeschini \|first\=Umberto \|year\=2012 \|title\=La Ca' Terza \|journal\=Sarcedo Storia \& Cultura \|issue\=11}} According to a report of July 19, 1690 from the Venetian Provider Nicolò Erizzo to the Senate, "General Sartori has rendered fruitful service in Grahovo, showing great prudence in transmitting my instructions to the inhabitants of that plain in order that they remain faithful to the Most Serene Majesty, and has succeeded very well in dispelling the hesitation in which they were walking regarding whether or not to submit to the pasha of Herzegovina". He goes on to say that he commissioned Sartori to inspect two advanced detachments, which he did with a force of 40 armed peasants and 30 soldiers, finding them in extreme disorder, when he was attacked by 400 Ottoman horsemen who recognized him. He defended himself with his soldiers and two peasants, while the others fled:{{Cite journal \|year\=1896 \|title\=Il Montenegro, da relazione dei provveditori veneti (1687\-1735\) \|url\=http://asa.archiviostudiadriatici.it/islandora/object/libria:119112/datastream/PDF/content/libria\_119112\.pdf \|journal\=Roma \|pages\=70–86}}
> Furious was the attack, but intrepid was the resistance, and after three hours of bloody and uncertain combat, the impetus and valor of those few Christians prevailed over the enemy, though reinforced by their own infantry, who, fighting generously, opened the way for an honorable retreat, taking refuge in the Tower with the only loss of 14 of their companions, and seven other men, who with several villagers, distinguished themselves in reinforcing the former, bravely sacrificing themselves in your lordship's glorious service, not without first causing considerable havoc among the boldest Turks, among whom was the commander of Nevisigne, who was also killed. \[...] Marco Sartori, bravely sustaining with his few soldiers the aggression of the barbarians, and repelling the temerity of the boldest, fulfilling in this as in the other battles of those memorable hardships the function that was his, is credited with the merit of a good officer and faithful subject of Your Lordships, whom I recommend to reward him with a gold medal.
In the 17th century, Griguolo, son of Zan, was dean of Roana. In 1702, the nobleman Giovanni Martino, son of Tommaso e married to Angela Cerato degli Orsini of Valdastico, died in Roana. At the time, his family still very rich and notable. In 1729, brothers Marco, Francesco and Fabbio founded a chapel in the *contrada* Sartori, dedicated to [St. Philip Neri](/wiki/Philip_Neri "Philip Neri"), destroyed in [World War I](/wiki/World_War_I "World War I") and restored in 1931\.{{Cite web \|title\=Atlante delle parrocchie. Diocesi do Padova. Roana \|url\=http://www.parrocchiemap.it/parrocchiemap/other/atlante.jsp?icsc\=7610435 \|website\=La Difesa del Popolo}} In 1743, the Regency appointed Fabbio, doctor of laws, as plenipotentiary nuncio in Vicenza, charged with the task of settling a dispute between the Seven Communes and the commune of [Montecchio Maggiore](/wiki/Montecchio_Maggiore "Montecchio Maggiore"), and in 1745 gave fundamental legal help in the process of recovering the lost privileges of the Federation customs.{{Cite journal \|last\=Gloria \|first\=Andrea \|year\=1851 \|title\=Leggi sul Pensionatico emanate per le Provincie Venete dal 1200 a' di nostri \|journal\=Bianchi \|pages\=169}} Giovanni Battista (\*1830\) was rector of the Church of [Saint Justina](/wiki/Cyprian_and_Justina "Cyprian and Justina") in Roana and festive chaplain in Cesuna.
[thumb\|Romeo Sartori Airport in Asiago.](/wiki/File:Aerial_image_of_the_Asiago_airfield.jpg "Aerial image of the Asiago airfield.jpg")
Corrado, a World War I artillery lieutenant and aerial reconnaissance specialist, was awarded the Silver [Medal of Military Valor](/wiki/Medal_of_Military_Valor "Medal of Military Valor") by the War Ministry for the "singular skill" of his technical work and for being a "constant example of contempt for all danger, of self\-denial and steadfastness".{{Cite journal \|year\=1918 \|title\=Ricompense al valor militare per la campagna di guerra 1915\-1918 \|journal\=Bollettino Ufficiale \- Ministero della Guerra \|issue\=52}} Romeo Arturo (1897\-1933\), fighter pilot during World War I, served in several squadrons; distinguished for bravery, he was promoted to sergeant and received the Bronze and Silver Medals of Military Valor. After the war, he served as a flight instructor and test pilot, and often exhibited himself as a pilot of aerobatics and simulated combat, winning competitions such as the *Circuito delle Marche* in 1921 and the I *Convegno Aereo Nazionale of Florence* in 1922, as well as representing Italy in an international championship in [Geneva](/wiki/Geneva "Geneva") in 1925\. Dead in a plane crash, he received other honors, such as the Medal of the Italo\-Austrian War 1915–1918, the Medal of Italian Unity, and the Medal of Victory; his name is the name of a street in Roana and of the Asiago airport.{{Cite book \|last\=Mancini \|first\=Luigi \|title\=Grande Enciclopedia Aeronautica \|publisher\=Edizioni Aeronautica \|year\=1936 \|pages\=542}}
[Luigi](/wiki/Luigi_Sartori "Luigi Sartori") (1924\-2007\), ordained priest in 1946, graduated in theology at the Diocesan Seminary of [Padua](/wiki/Padua "Padua"), specialized in [Ecclesiology](/wiki/Ecclesiology "Ecclesiology") and doctorate at the [Pontifical Gregorian University](/wiki/Pontifical_Gregorian_University "Pontifical Gregorian University") in [Rome](/wiki/Rome "Rome"), was professor of Dogmatic and Ecumenical Theology at the Seminary for many years, where he founded the magazine *Studia patavina* and left several works.{{Cite journal \|last\=Pezzi \|first\=Ilda \|year\=1999 \|title\=Il rapporto tra la pneumatologia e l'ecclesiologia nella teologia italiana post\-conciliare \|journal\=Pontificia Universidade Gregoriana \|pages\=80–84}} According to Paola Zampieri, he is considered one of the fathers of modern Italian theology. For Antonio Ricupero, who did his doctorate on his work, the synthesis of his thought can be expressed in the phrase "faith is the leaven of history," adding: "In his theology, we read a creative reception of the innovations of the [Second Vatican Council](/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council "Second Vatican Council"), in which he was able to grasp the vital germs and the paths susceptible of new developments. \[...] Sartori followed the events of his time with passion and participation, inside and outside the church, trying to discern in them the role and the creative force of the Spirit who guides toward the future. In my opinion, the roots of the continuity of the coherent witness he gave in his life and the interpretative key to all his vast theological production lie in the profound and vital relationship between faith and history".{{Cite journal \|last\=Zamperi \|first\=Paola \|year\=2016 \|title\=Il senso dell'itinerario teologico di Luigi Sartori \|url\=https://www.fttr.it/il\-senso\-dellitinerario\-teologico\-di\-luigi\-sartori/ \|journal\=Facoltà Teologia del Triveneto News Letter \|issue\=2}}
[left\|thumb\|Amalia Sartori.](/wiki/File:Amalia_Sartori.jpg "Amalia Sartori.jpg")
Amalia, also known as Lia, born in Valdastico in 1947 but descended from the branch of Roana, was a teacher, member of the [European Parliament](/wiki/European_Parliament "European Parliament") for three terms, holding several positions, including:{{Cite work \|last\=Bortoli \|first\=Giancarlo \|title\=Donne dell'Altopiano dei 7 Comuni. Figure attuali e del passato che fanno riflettere \|url\=http://www.giancarlobortoli.it/pdf/articoli/DONNE%20DELL'ALTOPIANO%20DEI%207%20COMUNI.pdf \|journal\=}} Chair of the [Committee on Industry](/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_Industry%2C_Research_and_Energy "European Parliament Committee on Industry, Research and Energy"), Research and Energy; Vice\-chair of the Delegation to the EU\-Bulgaria Joint Parliamentary Committee and of the Delegation for relations with the [NATO](/wiki/NATO "NATO") Parliamentary Assembly. She was also member of the Delegation for relations with the Andean Community countries; of the Delegation for relations with the United States; of the [Conference of Committee Chairs](/wiki/Committees_of_the_European_Parliament "Committees of the European Parliament"); of the Committees on Economic and Monetary Affairs; on Women's Rights and Equal Opportunities; on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety; on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs; and on Budgets, but was accused of illegal funding to the parties involved in the Venice [MOSE Project](/wiki/MOSE "MOSE").{{Cite web \|title\=Amalia SARTORI \|url\=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/pt/4423/AMALIA\_SARTORI/history/5\#detailedcardmep \|access\-date\=2023\-01\-23 \|website\=Parlamento Europeu\|date\=2 August 1947 }}{{Cite web \|date\=2014\-07\-02 \|title\=Mose, ex europarlamentare Lia Sartori agli arresti domiciliari \|url\=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2014/07/02/mose\-ex\-europarlamentare\-lia\-sartori\-ai\-domiciliari/1046947/ \|website\=Il Fatto Quotidiano}}
From Lusiana can be cited Bonato, procurator of the commune for the collection of taxes in 1572; *[messere](/wiki/Messere "Messere")* Marco, son of Bonato, one of the guarantors in a commercial contract made in Roana in 1590; Baptista, son of Gasparo son of Bonato, dean of Lusiana; Bortolo, one of the governors of the commune in 1787;{{Cite book \|title\=Archivio storico pre\-unitario del Comune di Lusiana 1454\-1916 \|publisher\=Comune di Lusiana \|year\=2002 \|pages\=23}} the physician Zuane, active in Oliero (Valstagna) at the beginning of the 17th century;{{Cite journal \|last\=Bartolini \|first\=Donatella \|year\=2006 \|title\=Medici e comunità: esempi dalla terraferma veneta dei secoli XVI e XVII \|journal\=Deputazione di Storia Patria per le Venezie \|pages\=161}} the "clearest" priest Francesco (\*1774\), abbot, vice\-adjutor of the Parish of St. Andrew in Padua in 1816, and parish priest of St. Paul in [Monselice](/wiki/Monselice "Monselice") in 1819; Father Domenico (\*1800\), rector of the Church of St. Stephen in [Carpenedolo](/wiki/Carpenedolo "Carpenedolo") in 1836\.{{Cite book \|title\=Stato personale del clero della città e diocesi di Padova \|publisher\=Tip. del Seminario \|year\=1852}}
Giovanni Antoni, from Foza, was nuncio to the Federation in 1696\.{{Cite book \|last\=Turrina \|first\=Giulia \|title\=Archivio della regenza dei Sette Comuni \|publisher\=Archivio Storico di Asiago \|year\=2015 \|pages\=40}} In Enego, around 1700, there is Antonio, a lumberman and one of the witnesses in the beatification process of [Gregorio Barbarigo](/wiki/Gregorio_Barbarigo "Gregorio Barbarigo").{{Cite book \|last\=Gios \|first\=Pierantonio \|title\=La chiesa e la comunità di Asiago: dal 14\. al 20\. secolo \|publisher\=Comune di Asiago, Ufficio patrimonio e ambiente \|year\=1998 \|pages\=88}} Domenico was receiver of [Rotzo](/wiki/Rotzo "Rotzo") at the beginning of the 20th century.{{Cite book \|last\=Stern \|first\=Mario Rigoni \|title\=1915\-1918: la guerra sugli altipiani: testimonianze di soldati al fronte \|publisher\=Pozza \|year\=2000 \|pages\=630}}
[thumb\|Giambattista Sartori Pertile.](/wiki/File:Giambattista_Sartori_Pertile.jpg "Giambattista Sartori Pertile.jpg")
From Asiago, capital of the Federation, can be mentioned Giovanni Steffano, one of the governors of the city in 1683; in 1713, signor Giovanni Gregorio was nuncio to the Federation in Venice, presenting the situation of the region with many witnesses and making many complaints about the shortages the population was experiencing because of wars, plagues and natural disasters; in 1716, Francesco was nuncio to Venice and in charge of settling a dispute regarding the Federation customs.{{Cite book \|title\=Privilegi originari ducali, decreti, terminazioni, e giudizi esecutivi delli Sette Communi e sue contrade \|year\=1800 \|pages\=110–286}} Father Domenico was chaplain of [St. Bartholomew](/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle "Bartholomew the Apostle")'s in Fara in the 19th century. Giambattista Pertile (1801\-1884\), son of Cristiano and Antonia Sartori, was a priest, doctor of theology, chaplain of the [Lombardo\-Venetian](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia "Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia") National Guard, professor of Italian language and literature at the Academy of Languages in Vienna, [laureate](/wiki/Laureate "Laureate") professor of ecclesiastical law at the [University of Pavia](/wiki/University_of_Pavia "University of Pavia"), where he was rector between 1846 and 1847, lecturer in international law at the [University of Padua](/wiki/University_of_Padua "University of Padua"), and left several books; for his merits, he received the [Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus](/wiki/Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus "Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus") with the rank of Officer and the [Order of the Crown of Italy](/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Italy "Order of the Crown of Italy") with the rank of Commander.
Jacopo Mattielli, son of Leonardo and Caterina Sartori, born in 1819, graduated as a doctor in Padua, worked in the House of Health, and during the unification wars, proved to be a fierce patriot, being exiled by the [Austrian](/wiki/Austria "Austria") government in 1849, going to [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland "Switzerland"), where he remained until 1853\. He then returned to Padua, where he made a reputation in medicine, dying in 1899\. He left a number of writings, including a biography of the physician Gian Giacomo Mazzola, a compilation of historical facts from Asiago, and a treatise on the [history of medicine](/wiki/History_of_medicine "History of medicine") in the 18th century.
Gallio produced several notable priests. Giovan Domenico, son of Lunardo de Gallio, was a councilor in 1604\.{{Cite book \|title\=Studi Veneziani \|publisher\=Serra \|year\=2008}} Giandomenico Paccanaro (1745\-1801\), son of Pierantonio and Elisabetta Sartori, abbot, doctor of mathematics and philosophy, taught physics at the University of Padua and was highly praised as a professor of philosophy. He was a member of the *[Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati](/wiki/Accademia_Roveretana_degli_Agiati "Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati")* and of the *Accademia Patavina di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti.*{{Cite book \|title\=Breve ragguaglio intorno alla vita di d. Marcantonio Rizzi \|publisher\=Andreolo \|year\=1859 \|pages\=10}}{{Cite book \|last1\=Casellato \|first1\=Sandra \|title\=Professori e scienziati a Padova nel Settecento \|last2\=Rea \|first2\=Luciana Sitran \|publisher\=Antilia \|year\=2002 \|pages\=245}} *Giacomo* (\*1813\), curate of St. Michael in Arlesega in 1851, parish preacher of Vanzo in 1857, and curate of [Santa Maria Assunta](/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary "Assumption of Mary") in Padua in 1871\.
[thumb\|Lápide commemorativa da beneficência de don Francesco Sartori, instalada na igreja paroquial de Campese, 1898\.](/wiki/File:Francesco_Sartori_-_Campese.jpg "Francesco Sartori - Campese.jpg")
Francesco (1826\-1897\), son of Carlo and Catherine Finco, studied at the Seminary of Padua and was ordained a priest in 1849\. He was chaplain of Saint Bartholomew in Crosara, parish priest in Mellame, and then took over as archpriest of the parish of Campese, in Bassano, where he was highly esteemed for his pastoral work. He restored the [Benedictine](/wiki/Benedictines "Benedictines") monastery in 1855 and the parish church in 1870, which was declared a National Monument in 1878; he was a poet, a prolific historian, and for his merits was awarded the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus in the rank of Knight.{{Cite book \|last\=Bortoli \|first\=Giancarlo \|title\=Gallio: Vicenze di Uomini e di Paese \|publisher\=Amministrazione Comunale di Gallio \|year\=1990}}
Cristiano (1818\-1889\), son of Lorenzo and Elena Pertile, was parish priest of St. Giacomo in Lusiana, rector of St. Anthony Abbot in Valstagna, archpriest of St. Michael in [Selvazzano](/wiki/Selvazzano_Dentro "Selvazzano Dentro") and [prebendary](/wiki/Prebendary "Prebendary") in Mandriola;{{Cite book \|last\=Bertolotti \|first\=Giuseppe \|title\=Statistica ecclesiastica d'Italia \|publisher\=Ricci \|year\=1886 \|pages\=208}} he joined the Austrian army to fight the French in the Brenta valley and, with the rank of Major, commanded a company that was part of the Walden Column.{{Cite book \|last\=Tivaroni \|first\=Carlo \|title\=L'Italia durante il dominio francese \|publisher\=Roux \|year\=1892 \|pages\=235}} His brother Carlo (\*1832\) studied in Gallio and Valstagna, and graduated in theology, Philosophy and Humanities at the Seminary of Padua, where he was professor of Italian Literature, Mathematics and Ecclesiastical History. Ordained a priest in 1860, he was also noted for his activity in social causes, being a great preacher, confessor, [apostolic protonotary](/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic "Protonotary apostolic"), canon of the [Cathedral of Padua](/wiki/Padua_Cathedral "Padua Cathedral") and chancellor of the diocesan presidency of the Schools of Christian Doctrine. He left many writings, including [panegyrics](/wiki/Panegyric "Panegyric"), biographies, doctrinal and devotional works, poems, and historical works. His other brother Francesco (1835\-1903\) did his [gymnasium](/wiki/Gymnasium_%28school%29 "Gymnasium (school)") in Bassano and graduated in Philosophy and Theology at the Seminary of Padua. Ordained a priest in 1858, he was chaplain in [Anguillara](/wiki/Anguillara_Sabazia "Anguillara Sabazia") and prebendate of Count Capodilista in Selvazzano, where Cristiano was archpriest. In 1889, when his brother died, he obtained his prebend from the Count of Sambonifacio in Mandriola. He left numerous historical works, as well as prosopographies of noble families, biographies, catechisms, and devotional works, receiving the approval and friendship of many scholars.
Lorenzo (1805\-1885\) was [archpriest](/wiki/Archpriest "Archpriest") of St. Bartholomew's in Gallio, rector of St. George's in Perlena, vicar of St. Andrew's in Padua, spiritual director and rector of the Seminary of Padua, dean of the Cathedral Chapter, and vicar general of the [diocese](/wiki/Diocese "Diocese").{{Cite book \|last\=Lanzi \|first\=Estore \|title\=Almanacco ecclesiastico della città e provincia di Vicenza \|publisher\=Amadio \|year\=1936 \|pages\=80}} Antonio Domenico was secretary to the bishop of Ceneda, counselor of the Academy of Philosophy at the University of Padua, treatise on theology, teacher and historian, whose masterpiece is the much cited *La Storia della Federazione dei Sette Comuni* (1956\). He is the name of a street in Gallio.
The group of the Seven Communes produced many other minor priests, such as Domenico (Lusiana), rector of St. Stephen's in Carpenedo in 1836;{{Cite book \|title\=Almanacco diocesano di Padova \|publisher\=Tipografia del seminario \|year\=1839 \|pages\=47}} Domenico (Asiago, 1825\), curate chaplain of St. Bartholomew's in Fara; Francesco (Gallio, 1835\), curated chaplain of St. Michael in Selvazzano; Catterino (Rotzo, 1839\), curated chaplain of St. Vescovano in Vescovana; Francesco (Lusiana, 1839\), parish priest of St. Giacomo and St. Giustina in Padua.
### Valstagna
[left\|thumb\|Mount Melette in Foza, former property of the Sartori.](/wiki/File:Melette.jpg "Melette.jpg")
[left\|thumb\|Valstagna on the banks of the Brenta.](/wiki/File:Valstagna.jpg "Valstagna.jpg")
In the middle of the 15th century, some members of the Sartori family left from Foza and Asiago, settling in Valstagna, in the valley of the [Brenta River](/wiki/Brenta_%28river%29 "Brenta (river)"), in a region called [Valsugana](/wiki/Valsugana "Valsugana"), where they began their career as great merchants in the early 16th century, which would make them very wealthy.Povolo, Claudio. ["Nel mezzo della piazza di Valstagna: Liturgia di un conflitto agli inizi del Seicento"](https://www.academia.edu/2469075/Nel_mezzo_della_piazza_di_Valstagna_Liturgia_di_un_conflitto_agli_inizi_del_Seicento). In: Stringa, N, \& Prete, E. *Il vasaio innamorato. Scritti per gli 80 anni di Alessio Tasca*. Canova, 2010, pp. 252\-264 The commune was endowed with extensive forest, had numerous sawmills, and was one of the main centers of timber extraction in the pre\-[Alpine](/wiki/Alps "Alps") region.{{Cite book \|last\=Macca \|first\=Gaetano \|title\=Storia dei sette Comuni e delle ville annesse \|publisher\=Menegatti \|year\=1816 \|pages\=403–410}} It held an important regional fair and, as it was situated on the banks of the Brenta, it occupied a strategic position in the transport system of a vast commercial network that began in Trento, passed through the Seven Communes, included most of the Vicentine\-Bassanese\-Feltrina plain, and reached Padua and Venice. As a result, Brenta became known as the "lumber route". By the 15th century, during the consolidation of Venetian rule, this commercial network was already perfectly articulated and involved considerable amounts of money. Valstagna also had no formal noble class, organizing itself socially and politically as a *vicinanza*. In the 16th century, it composed a commune legally merged with Oliero and [Campolongo sul Brenta](/wiki/Campolongo_sul_Brenta "Campolongo sul Brenta"), and bordered Asiago, Gallio, Foza and Enego, with which it maintained strong commercial ties. In the past it had been part of the Federation of the Seven Communes as a district.
Apparently, Pietro was the first of the Seven Communes to be present in Valsugana, being Asiago's deputy in Valstagna in 1440\. There, they were part of the bourgeois patriciate, owned a rural palace in *contrada* Lora and one in the urban center, and a private altar in the parish church. Later, some members left this commune and settled in Vicenza, Bassano, [Feltre](/wiki/Feltre "Feltre"), [Longarone](/wiki/Longarone "Longarone"), and [Belluno](/wiki/Belluno "Belluno"), especially brothers Antonio and Nicolò, natives of Valstagna, who maintained residences there while establishing bases in Vicenza and Bassano.
[thumb\|Saint Mark's Lion on the facade of the Civic Tower in Valstagna Square](/wiki/File:Leone_Valstagna.jpg "Leone Valstagna.jpg")
Antonio was a wealthy lumber merchant who owned half of the Miella and Vanzo mountains, forests and sawmills in Primiero,{{Cite journal \|last\=Crestani \|first\=Marco \|year\=2012 \|title\=Piccola economia della frugalità nel canale del Brenta \|journal\=Universitá Ca' Foscari}} and a fortified palace in the central square of Valstagna; he received Bassano citizenship in 1592 and was admitted to the Council in 1599\. In Valstagna, he gained an infamous reputation in the early 17th century after being accused by the *vicini* of repeated displays of intolerable haughtiness and insolence, which caused rough friction with other influential personages, drew grudges against him and disgraced the entire community, as well as claiming to dictate laws without the ability to do so and usurping the rights of others. On the morning of April 14, 1618, his situation became critical when, without the community's knowledge, workers brought by him from Bassano began to demolish an imposing chapel in the central square, whose frontispiece bore the image of the Lion of [Saint Mark](/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist "Mark the Evangelist"), symbol of Venetian authority, while his armed militiamen guarded it from the windows of his house. The community soon noticed the movement and erupted in great commotion, but the damage had already been done.
The real motives for such acts are unclear and their progress is not fully documented. However, in the petition that the community brought against him to the Venetian [Council of Ten](/wiki/Council_of_Ten "Council of Ten"), he was denounced for [impiety](/wiki/Impiety "Impiety") and [lese\-majesty](/wiki/L%C3%A8se-majest%C3%A9 "Lèse-majesté"), for the destruction of the chapel and the Lion of St. Mark, and for fraud, for having presented a license for the demolition of the *[podestà](/wiki/Podest%C3%A0 "Podestà")* of [Marostica](/wiki/Marostica "Marostica") obtained with false justifications and that was never ratified by the Council of Valstagna. Despite the gravity of the case, some magistrates were suspicious of the veracity of the story, leading the Council of Ten not to form a majority and to postpone a decision. New injunctions were filed, and the defense justified itself by claiming that Sartori's intention was only to transfer the chapel to a more favorable location as a public utility; the case dragged on for months as tension between the community and Sartori increased. The sentence was handed down in May 1619 and required Sartori to rebuild the chapel and the Lion, a lenient penalty in view of the gravity of the charges. According to Claudio Povolo, who has studied the case, it seems that Sartori managed to convince the Venetian magistrates that the license he had obtained was valid and that he intended to preserve the Lion statue, and that its destruction was the result of an accident. Despite this, Sartori began to carry out reprisals, persecutions, and intimidations against those who testified against him, including organizing attacks with his militia, and in August, he even filed a complaint in Venice alleging that he was suffering attacks. After further conflicts, a peace agreement was signed on March 18, 1620, through the Venetian patrician [Giovanni Tiepolo](/wiki/Giovanni_Tiepolo "Giovanni Tiepolo"), but the exhaustion that Sartori suffered prevented him from continuing to be an active presence in communal life. He left at least three sons, Francesco, Sebastiano, and Giuseppe.{{Cite book \|title\=Corporazioni religiose di Bassano del Grappa (Vicenza), San Francesco di Bassano del Grappa (Vicenza), Istrumenti in pergamena, Istrumenti in pergamena \|publisher\=Archivio di Stato di Vicenza. Sezione di Bassano del Grappa}}
The trustees of Valstagna were Antonio in 1551, Francesco in 1567 and Nicolò in 1609\.{{Cite web \|last\=Costa \|first\=Valerio \|title\=SINDACI DI VALSTAGNA DAL '400 AD OGGI \|url\=http://www.valstagna.info/index.php/lo\-sapevate\-che/701\-i\-sindaci\-di\-valstagna\-dal\-400\-ad\-oggi \|website\=Comune di Valstagna}} Francesco served the Republic of Venice, and in 1572, was procurator of Valstagna, Campolongo and Oliero.{{Cite book \|title\=Privilegi originari ducali, decreti, terminazioni, e giudizi esecutivi delli Sette Communi e sue contrade \|year\=1800 \|pages\=59}} Leonardo was a counselor in 1810\.{{Cite journal \|year\=1819 \|title\=Nomina de' membri dei consigli comunali \|journal\=Bollettino delle Leggi della Repubblica Italiana \|volume\=11}} Father Leonardo (\*1819\) was curate chaplain of the Church of St. Anthony, abbot of Valstagna in 1851 and rector of the Church of St. Bartholomew of Crosara in 1855\.
### Longarone
[left\|thumb\|At the top of the image, view of the terraces and walls built by the Sartori family in Longarone.](/wiki/File:Longarone_1961.jpg "Longarone 1961.jpg")
Longarone was one of the main subsidiary headquarters of the Valstagna lumbermen. There, Orazio acquired land and forests in the 17th century, was admitted to the *vicinia*, and grew rich in the lumber trade.Bragaggia, Roberto. ["Note sui boschi della Pieve di Lavazzo. Usi delle Regole, interessi dei mercanti e politiche della Repubblica di Venezia negli anni centrali del Seicento e i primi del Settecento](https://cultura.primiero.tn.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/da_per-Primiero-1_2015-Sfalci.pdf)". In: *Sfalcii: usi e abbandoni del territorio*, 2015 (1\): 45\-56, Série *da/per Primiero: fonti e contributi per un orizzonte condiviso* His son Iseppo became one of the leading local lumber merchants. He and his brothers, Girolamo and Zuanne, built a private seat of extraordinary size in the Parish Church of Pirago. Bragaggia says that private seats were a symbol of prestige, and their placement inside the church reflected the rigid social hierarchy of the community. The Sartori seat, besides being oversized, had been built without the license of the *Vicini* Rule, having only the license of the bishop, which created conflicts, and was eventually taken down by the angry community, along with the seats of other distinguished families, such as the Teza and the Pellizzaroli, with whom the Sartori had established ties by marriage. Francesco Sartori della Teza was a deputy of the Regra. Dominus Giuseppe Sartori was also a big lumber merchant and had a commercial representation in Venice, where he spent most of the year.
[thumb\|206x206px\|Grini\-Sartori Coat of Arms.](/wiki/File:Coa_fam_ITA_grini.jpg "Coa fam ITA grini.jpg")
In the early 18th century, the family built a [villa](/wiki/Villa "Villa") on the slopes of [Longarone](/wiki/Longarone "Longarone")'s Mount Zucco surrounded by terraces, walls and staircases decorated with statues,{{Cite book \|last\=Mazzotti \|first\=Giuseppe \|title\=Le ville venete \|publisher\=Canova \|year\=1954 \|pages\=422}} a large complex that tradition says was started by Orazio and that,{{Cite journal \|last\=Corando \|first\=Francesco \|title\=Cosmografia: una veduta del Bellunese \|journal\=Il Vaglio \- Giornale di Scienze, Lettere, Arti \|volume\=6 \|issue\=1 \|pages\=142–143}} according to Dal Mas \& Miot, constitutes the most extraordinary example in the region of man\-made work to shape the mountain slopes.Dal Mas, Caterina \& Miot, Barbara. ["Terrazzamenti e muri a secco"](http://www.galaltobellunese.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/ST_A3_30-45.pdf). In: Dal Mas, Caterina \& Miot, Barbara. *Studio per la tutela e la riqualificazione del patrimonio rurale e paesaggistico del GAL Bellunese*. Gruppo di Azione Locale Alto Bellunese, 2013, p. 40 Afterwards, the family withdrew from commerce and were admitted to the nobility of [Belluno](/wiki/Belluno "Belluno").{{Cite book \|last\=Vendramini \|first\=Ferruccio \|title\=Longarone ritrovato: dalla Repubblica di Venezia al Regno d'Italia \|publisher\=Cierre \|year\=2010 \|pages\=84}} After joining the Grini family, they adopted its coat of arms. In the early 19th century, when they were still very wealthy, another Orazio extended the terraces and walls, which, at a time when [famine](/wiki/Famine "Famine") was raging in the region, provided employment for many poor citizens, as well as protecting the community from landslides.{{Cite book \|last\=Robertson \|first\=Alexander \|title\=Through the Dolomites from Venice to Toblach \|publisher\=Allen \|year\=1896 \|pages\=55–56}}
### Bassano del Grappa
[Bassano del Grappa](/wiki/Bassano_del_Grappa "Bassano del Grappa") became subject to Venice in 1404, and from the end of the 16th century, the commune began to assume the role of the main seat of the Vincentian Sartori, but they began their infiltration before that. In 1361, Gualberto is mentioned owning a house in Bassano. In 1436, Ferraro, son of Grandone of Asiago, together with his wife Bona, donated land they owned in Marchesane, Bassano district, to the convent of St. Francis in exchange for the celebration of one mass a year for the benefit of their souls. Ferraro resided in Angarano, formerly an independent commune, but now a district of Bassano, a locality also associated with the Sartori of Valstagna/Vicenza. In 1457, Antonio, son of Donato of Enego, had land in Bassano. In 1458, Bassano Sartore was living in Bassano.{{Cite book \|last\=Verci \|first\=Giambattista \|title\=Notizie intorno alla vita e alle opere degli scrittori della citta di Bassano raccolte ed estese \|publisher\=Venezia \|year\=1775}} Giovanni Antonio, son of the aforementioned Bertoldo of Castegna, appears in 1502 buying land for 32 gold ducats in Angarano. By the end of the 16th century, the family would have 150 fields in Angarano.
Established on the banks of the Brenta, Bassano del Grapa was a small but dynamic commune, fulfilling a significant role in the timber trade network as the base of an important regional market and a customs office, and receiving timber harvested in a region of about a thousand square kilometers. It had a river port that provided an obligatory technical stop for lumber coming down the Brenta from the mountains, because there, already on the plain, the logs that came floating free on the river were tied together, forming rafts in order to continue their journey to Padua and Venice.Scuro, Rachele. ["Bassano nel Quattrocento. Il primo secolo di dominazione veneziana"](https://www.academia.edu/5427810/Bassano_nel_Quattrocento_Il_primo_secolo_di_dominazione_veneziana). In: Varanini, Gian Maria (ed.). *Storia di Bassano del Grappa*, vol I. Dalle origini al dominio veneziano. Comitato per la Storia di Bassano, 2013, pp. 358\-359 There, the Sartori business interests found a favorable location for better articulation, since Bassano was located much closer to their many estates than Vicenza. According to [Francesco Vianello](/wiki/Fravia "Fravia"), "some families established in Bassano but originating from those lands, among them the Sartori, the [Carraro](/wiki/Carraro "Carraro"), the Perli and the [Scolari](/wiki/Scolari "Scolari"), just to name a few, had more interests in the Brenta valley, and although they had palaces in Bassano, they maintained residences and properties in the places where they originated, where they had built the basis of their wealth".Vianello, Francesco. ["Proprietà fondiarie ed agricoltura nel Bassanese"](http://www.storiadibassano.it/economia-e-popolazione-in-eta-moderna/proprieta-fondiaria-ed-agricoltura-nel-bassanese.html). In: Preto, Paolo (ed.). *Storia di Bassano del Grappa, vol II: L'etá moderna*. Comitato per la Storia di Bassano, 2013 Walter Panciera says:
> Between the late medieval period and the 16th century, the wood market was the exclusive business of a handful of families from the lower Valsugana vicentina (Valstagna, Oliero) and bassanese (Primolano, Carpanè, Solagna), but not without the presence of entrepreneurs coming from other centers at the foot of the mountains, such as Grigno and Fonsazo, near Padua and Venice. Over time, on the other hand, there was a progressive concentration of merchants in Bassano, to where, beginning in the 16th century and also in the following century, some important merchant\-entrepreneur families, such as the Sartori, the Perli, the Gardellini, moved, no doubt in order to take advantage in the city of a greater diversification of economic opportunities, not to mention the convenience of living in a small but lively and well\-structured urban environment, center of fairs and markets. \[...] The sign of its crucial importance and of its intense activity is given by the presence of groups of merchants coming from more distant areas, and then, roughly from the middle of the 17th century, by the penetration of great Venetian noble capital, from families such as the [Contarini](/wiki/Contarini "Contarini"), [Venier](/wiki/Venier "Venier"), [Capello](/wiki/Capello "Capello"), which allowed a continuous renewal of the companies and a greater integration with the entire regional economy.
[left\|thumb\|Coat of arms of the Bassano del Grappa group.The](/wiki/File:Bras%C3%A3o_Sartori_de_Bassano_del_Grappa.jpg "Brasão Sartori de Bassano del Grappa.jpg") advantages that the commune offered were expressed in the application for Bassanese citizenship addressed to the council, which stated that the place was a pleasant location and that it would allow them to exercise their trade as merchants with usefulness and decorum. They were one of the wealthiest families in the city, and according to the *Comitato per la Storia di Bassano*, they became famous there and achieved "a social position of the first magnitude".{{Cite book \|last\=Comitato per la Storia di Bassano \|title\=Storia di Bassano \|publisher\=Museo Biblioteca Archivio di Bassano del Grappa \|year\=1980 \|pages\=194–195}} In Bassano, the possession of citizenship rights also traditionally came with a nobilitating quality and gave access to the council and to administrative positions, but for the exercise of public office, fixed residence in the city and the possession of a substantial patrimony were required.{{Cite journal \|last1\=Minchio \|first1\=Andrea \|last2\=Chenet \|first2\=Luisa Caterina \|year\=2019 \|title\=I Vitorelli. Fasti e splendori di una famiglia bassanese \|journal\=L'Illustre Bassanese \|volume\=6}} The incompatibility between commerce and nobility, which began to gain strength in the main Italian centers in the mid\-16th century and which was one of the causes of the destitution of the Vicenza group, would only become a consensual ideology much later in Bassano, which at this time was still a city beginning its political and economic affirmation.[left\|thumb\|Variant of the coat of arms of the Bassano del Grappa group, dating from the 17th century. In the 18th century, another slightly different variant, with the green lion, was inscribed on the facade of the Sartori\-Moritsch House.](/wiki/File:Sartori_de_Enego-Bassano.jpg "Sartori de Enego-Bassano.jpg")
The Most Excellent Lord Girolamo, son of Nicolò, was a feudatory in Foza, a member of the Bassano Council and a public health provider in that city, but during the plague of 1631, people suspected him of hiding sick people in his house, which caused his kidnapping and murder. In fact, he was ill himself, as he declared in his will.{{Cite book \|last\=Montini \|first\=Giovanni Maria \|title\=Della peste in Bassano nel 1631 \|publisher\=Baseggio \|year\=1861 \|pages\=14}} His brother Giulio, married to a Bellavidi and father of Sartorio (\*1605\), was a wealthy patrician of Vicenza and Bassano, well provided with allies and protectors, and because of his prestige, the excesses he committed were always treated very benevolently by the authorities. In 1663, the Sartori of Bassano sold the mountain Sasso Rosso in Foza to Giacomo Hora for the fortune of 2,025 ducats, comprising 245 fields, pastures and forests.
Giovanna Francesca, [Benedictine](/wiki/Benedictines "Benedictines"), was abbess of the Venerable Monastery of Saint Jerome at the end of the 18th century.{{Cite journal \|last\=Sesso \|first\=Livia Alberton Vinco da \|year\=2001 \|title\=Due statue di Giovanni Bendazzoli per la chiesa del monastero di San Girolamo a Bassano \|journal\=Arte Documento \|issue\=15}} Girolamo II, son of Giulio II and the noble Angela Teresa Baggio, was a poet of panegyrics, octaves, and sonnets, and left a treatise on marriage and a manuscript narrating the history of the Sartori family.{{Cite book \|last\=Lavorenti \|first\=Giuseppe \|title\=Storia di San Giovanni Lupatoto \|publisher\=Rebellato \|year\=1966 \|pages\=248}} Married to the Countess Angela Brazolo, he was the father of Jacopo (Giacomo) Nicolò Sartorio Sartori (1764\-1824\), who left a historical chronicle about Bassano, an ode and other writings. He was married to Angela Berno, fathering Girolamo III Alvise Giacomo (1789\), Angela (1790\), Luigi (1791\), Giacomo Nicolò (1791\), Giulio IIII Antonio Sartorio (1793\), Roberto Sartorio (1799\) and Angela (1810\).{{Cite book \|last\=Schroeder \|first\=Franz \|title\=Repertorio genealogico delle famiglie confermate nobili e dei titolati nobili essistenti nelle provincie venete \|publisher\=Alvisopoli \|year\=1830 \|pages\=251}}{{Cite book \|last\=Preto \|first\=Paolo \|title\=Framenti di Storia tra Medioevo e Lumi". In: Storia di Bassano del Grappa \|publisher\=Comitato per la Storia di Bassano \|edition\=2}} Roberto (1799\-1872\) was an official of the Monte di Pietà and a poet. Giulio III was a poet and member of the Accademia degli Intraprendenti.{{Cite book \|title\=Notizie dell accademia degli intraprendenti di Bassano \|publisher\=Minetti \|year\=1854 \|pages\=16}}
[thumb\|Cover of *Eulogium*, panegyric addressed to Count and Bishop Girolamo Miazzi, written by Girolamo Sartori and Francesco Zerbino Betti, his blood relatives, 1779\.](/wiki/File:Girolamo_Sartori_e_Francesco_Zerbino_Bettis.jpg "Girolamo Sartori e Francesco Zerbino Bettis.jpg")
In Bassano, unlike in Vicenza, the Sartori held important positions in the public administration and in the council for a long time, succeeding in joining a broad reorganization of the ruling class that, between the 15th and 16th centuries, suffered a process of closure, making access to the Council much more difficult, restricted to a small group of families. After Antonio and Nicolò, admitted in 1599, the family participated in the Council at least until the end of the 18th century.Vianello, Francesco. ["Gli organi di governo della cità in età moderna"](http://www.storiadibassano.it/gli-organi-di-governo-della-citta-in-eta-moderna.html). In: Preto, Paolo (ed.). *Storia di Bassano del Grappa, vol II: L'etá moderna*. Comitato per la Storia di Bassano, 2013 Jacopo, Alvise and Giulio were councilors in 1796\. That year, during the French invasion, Jacopo's estate in the countryside sheltered Italian troops. There was fighting and his land was completely devastated.{{Cite book \|last\=Brentari \|first\=Ottone \|title\=Storia di Bassano e del suo territorio \|publisher\=Forni \|year\=1884 \|isbn\=}}
In 1726, they were confirmed in the nobility of Bassano, a status recognized by the Republic of Venice, and were reconfirmed as nobles in 1816, 1821, 1841 and 1897\.{{Cite book \|last\=Ministero per gli Affari dell'Interno \|title\=Elenco provvisorio delle famiglie nobili e titolate della regione veneta \|publisher\=Civelli \|year\=1894 \|pages\=62}}{{Cite book \|last1\=Tettoni \|first1\=L \|title\=Saladini \|last2\=Saladini \|first2\=F \|publisher\=Wilmant \|year\=1848 \|edition\=8}} His main residence in Bassano, now known as the Sartori\-Moritsch House, has been declared "of particularly important cultural interest" by the Ministry of Cultural Goods and Activities.{{Cite web \|date\=2014\-11\-06 \|title\=Soprintendenza archeologia belle arti e paesaggio per le province di Verona, Rovigo e Vicenza \|url\=http://www.sbap\-vr.beniculturali.it/}}
### Crespano and Possagno
[left\|thumb\|Bishop [Giovanni Battista Sartori](/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Sartori "Giovanni Battista Sartori").](/wiki/File:Giovanni_Battista_Sartori_Canova_2.jpg "Giovanni Battista Sartori Canova 2.jpg")
A small group settled in [Crespano del Grappa](/wiki/Crespano_del_Grappa "Crespano del Grappa"), but it deserves to be remembered for being the birthplace of the remarkable Giovanni Battista Sartori (1775\-1858\), bishop of Mindo and papal counselor. This group was descended from the original Roana group that had moved to Bassano for some time, and then to Crespano, being included in the Bassano nobility in 1760 by decree of the [Doge of Venice](/wiki/Doge_of_Venice "Doge of Venice"). Through his mother, Giovanni Battista was a half\-brother of the celebrated sculptor [Antonio Canova](/wiki/Antonio_Canova "Antonio Canova"), making valuable contributions as his secretary and *fac\-totum* to the promotion of his artistic career. He and Canova were responsible for recovering a precious art treasure confiscated by Napoleon in Italy. After Canova's death, Giovanni took up permanent residence in [Possagno](/wiki/Possagno "Possagno"), where, as his universal heir, he completed the construction of the [Temple of Canova](/wiki/Tempio_Canoviano "Tempio Canoviano") and, with the rich artistic legacy left by his brother, founded the [Museo Canova](/wiki/Museo_Canova "Museo Canova") and benefited various museums in Bassano del Grappa, Florence, Parma, [Piacenza](/wiki/Piacenza "Piacenza"), Treviso, Venice and [Asolo](/wiki/Asolo "Asolo"). The bishop was a man of vast culture, a reputed commentator on Greek and Latin authors, and translator of Greek tragedies and [Aramaic](/wiki/Aramaic "Aramaic") texts. He also sponsored, from his own resources, the renovation of churches and the construction of schools, roads, bridges, fountains and other public works in Possagno and Crespano, made financial endowments to various orphanages and asylums, donated important coin collections to many museums, and collections of manuscripts and rare books to the seminaries of Treviso and Padua. For his merits, he was awarded the titles of honorary citizen of Bassano and [Commander](/wiki/Commander_%28order%29 "Commander (order)") of the [Order of the Iron Crown](/wiki/Order_of_the_Iron_Crown_%28Kingdom_of_Italy%29 "Order of the Iron Crown (Kingdom of Italy)").{{Cite book \|last\=Villa \|first\=Domenico \|title\=Orazione letta nelTempio di Possagno nei funerali dell'Illmº e Revmº Mons. Giambattista, Sartori\-Canova, Vescovo di Mindo \|publisher\=Roberti \|year\=1858 \|pages\=7–26}}Dal Negro, Andrea. "Giovanni Battista Sartori Canova, Vescovo di Mindo. Una persona da rivalutare". In: Dal Negro, Andrea (ed.). *La biblioteca di Canova. Tra collezione e ricerca*. Possagno, 2007, pp. 9\-16\.
[thumb\|Interior of the Museo Canova.](/wiki/File:Sale_Gipsoteca_canoviana_09.jpg "Sale Gipsoteca canoviana 09.jpg")
As heir, the bishop left his only niece, Antonietta Sartori Bianchi, who received from her uncle an important collection of Canova's works.{{Cite book \|last\=Argan \|first\=Giulio Carlo \|title\=Canova \|publisher\=Marsilio \|year\=1992 \|pages\=186}} She collaborated in the organization of the Museo Canova,{{Cite book \|last1\=Pezzini \|first1\=Grazia Bernini \|title\=Canova e l'incisione \|last2\=Honour \|first2\=Hugh \|publisher\=Ghedina \& Tassotti \|year\=1993 \|pages\=81}} participated in the creation and was a tireless collaborator of the Institute of Regular Clerics of the Schools of Charity of Possagno, conceived by her second husband, Count Filippo Canal, and generously financed by Sartori. She was praised by Domenico Villa, archpriest of Bassano, as having "rare qualities of mind and heart", and by Laura Roberti\-Lugo, who called her a "most cultured lady" when she dedicated to Antonietta a volume of chronicles in the form of epistles by her late husband, the literary Ambrogio Lugo, published in 1868\.{{Cite book \|last\=Lugo \|first\=Ambrogio \|title\=Lettere descrittive \|publisher\=Roberti \|year\=1868 \|pages\=1–3}} When she died, around 1874, Antonietta left a legacy in her will of one hundred thousand lire for the foundation, in Crespano, of an institute for poor children born in Crespano and Possagno, which came to be legally constituted on May 6, 1880, under the name Opera Pia Bianchi\-Canal."Regio Decreto MMDLVII, serie 2ª". In: *Raccolta ufficiale delle leggi e dei decreti del Regno d'Italia*, parte supplementare (serie 2ª), vol. XX. Stamperia Reale, 1880, pp. 273\-275
### Primiero
[left\|thumb\|Coat of arms of the Montecroce knights.](/wiki/File:Bras%C3%A3o_Sartori_di_Montecroce.jpg "Brasão Sartori di Montecroce.jpg")
In the 16th century, [Fiera di Primiero](/wiki/Fiera_di_Primiero "Fiera di Primiero") was situated on the border between the county of [Tyrol](/wiki/Tyrol "Tyrol") and the Republic of Venice, and maintained an official Tyrolean office for granting customs duties and licenses for the exploitation of the extensive forests of the region. As a result, the village attracted a large number of merchants, entrepreneurs and loggers. In addition, the access it had to the [Cismon](/wiki/Cismon "Cismon") and Brenta rivers made it a favorable route for high\-volume trade.{{Cite journal \|last\=Occhi \|first\=Katia \|year\=2006 \|title\=Le attività commerciali tra montagna e pianura \|journal\=Archivio Trentino \|volume\=55 \|issue\=1 \|pages\=85–97}} These advantages were exploited by Antonio and Nicolò de Valstagna, who bought forests there for the timber trade and established sawmills, supervising the business personally.
In the 18th century, the engineer Fioravante, founder of a dynasty of [notaries](/wiki/Notary "Notary") and knights, stands out.{{Cite book \|last\=Zanetel \|first\=Antonio \|title\=Dizionario Biografico di Uomini Illustri dei Trentino Sud\-Orientale \|publisher\=Alcione \|year\=1978}} Antonio, Fioravante's son, was a notary in [Pieve di Soligo](/wiki/Pieve_di_Soligo "Pieve di Soligo"), and Solighetto, in the passage from the 18th to the 19th century, Giovanni Battista and Giovanni Maria were notaries in [Tarzo](/wiki/Tarzo "Tarzo").{{Cite book \|title\=Ati dei notai \|publisher\=Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali di Stato di Treviso}} Giuseppe was dean of the Church of Primiero.{{Cite book \|title\=Studi trentini di scienze storiche \|publisher\=Società di studi trentini di scienze storiche \|year\=1957}} Augusto was a [malacologist](/wiki/Malacology "Malacology"), geometer, architect, and as a royal engineer, he worked for the construction of the Ivrea\-Aosta and Brindisi\-Lecce railroads in the mid\-nineteenth century.{{Cite book \|last1\=De Betta \|first1\=Edoardo \|title\=Catalogo dei molluschi terrestri e fluviatili viventi nelle provincie venete \|last2\=Martinali \|first2\=Pietropaolo \|publisher\=Antonelle \|year\=1855 \|pages\=3}}{{Cite journal \|last1\=Cristoforetti \|first1\=Giuliana \|last2\=Serra \|first2\=Antonella \|year\=1997 \|title\=Comune di Imer. Inventario dell'archivio storico (1474\-1980\) e degli archivi aggregati (1829\-1995\) \|journal\=Servizio Beni Librari e Archivistici \|pages\=62}}{{Cite journal \|title\=Relazione della Commissione istituita con decreto ministeriale 30 settembre 1877 per proporre i sussidii da concedersi per la costruzione di talune ferrovie \|journal\=Relazione della Commissione Istituita Con Decreto Ministeriale 30 Settembre 1877 per Proporre I Sussidii da Concedersi per la Costruzione di Talune Ferrovie \|volume\=7 \|issue\=82}}{{Cite book \|title\=Dispacci telegrafci \|publisher\=Il Diavoletto \|year\=1865 \|edition\=18}} At the end of the 19th century, Lina made an important compilation of material on the history of mining in the Primiero area.{{Cite journal \|last\=Fratini \|first\=Fortunato \|title\=Le valli di Primiero e di canal San Bovo \|journal\=Annuario della Società degli Alpini Tridentini \|volume\=9 \|issue\=1}}
Virginia Maria Teresa (1844\-1879\), daughter of Federico Sartori and Amalia Paternò, showed interest in the poor and in the religious vocation from a young age, taking the [religious habit](/wiki/Religious_habit "Religious habit") in the convent of the Daughters of Charity of Trento and then joining the [Servite Order](/wiki/Servite_Order "Servite Order") in 1867; from 1870, she collaborated in youth groups and in the installation of the [Daughters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus](/wiki/Daughters_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus "Daughters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus") in Primiero. She maintained a strict personal discipline and was known for her great virtue and charity, dedicating herself to various mortifications; she left writings of mystical inclination, as well as a didactic method for spiritual improvement. Several graces and cures are attributed to her, and she is popularly called a saint.{{Cite book \|title\=Un esempio alle giovani ossia cenni intorno alla vita di Teresa Sartori di Primiero \|publisher\=Tip. de Figli di Maria \|year\=1880}}
[thumb\|Knight Tullio Sartori\-Montecroce.](/wiki/File:Tullio_Sartori.jpg "Tullio Sartori.jpg")
[thumb\|Knight Luigi Sartori.](/wiki/File:Luigi_Sartori.jpg "Luigi Sartori.jpg")
In 1797, the notary Francesco Antonio was deputy general of the commune and deputy of the valley of Primiero, and from 1809 to 1813, he was district deputy.{{Cite book \|last1\=Lentze \|first1\=Hans \|title\=Festschrift für Ernst Carl Hellbling zum 70\. Geburtstag \|last2\=Putzer \|first2\=Peter \|publisher\=Fink \|year\=1971 \|pages\=214}} Giovanni, son of Francesco Antonio, born in 1808, studied law in Innsbruck and joined the Austrian imperial service, being appointed deputy of the District and Criminal Justice of Primiero. Later, he became imperial counselor, director of the Governmental Department for the Italian Tyrol, and deputy of the Diet of Innsbruck for the district of [Fiemme](/wiki/Fiemme_Valley "Fiemme Valley"), [Fassa](/wiki/Fassa_Valley "Fassa Valley"), and Primiero.{{Cite journal \|last\=Gilli \|first\=Ervino Filippi \|date\=2018\-03\-18 \|title\=MonteCroce – Pontet, porta di Primiero e delle Dolomiti, cela segreti d'altri tempi: ecco la sua vera storia \|journal\=La Voce del Nord\-Est}} Loyal to the Austrian empire, which dominated this area at the time, but also to his ethnic origins, he fought for the creation of an Italian\-language university in Innsbruck. Angelo Ara considered him one of the most significant examples of this dual Austro\-Italian loyalty among the state bureaucracy of his time.{{Cite book \|last\=Ara \|first\=Angelo \|title\=Gilli \|publisher\=ELIA \|year\=1974 \|isbn\= \|pages\=21}} He was appointed hereditary knight of the Order of the Iron Crown, with the Sartori de Montecroce predicate for his relevant services. He convinced the Diet to build a road to bypass the blockade of the Rolle Pass, which had left Primiero isolated; in honor of this initiative, the community named a district Montecroce.
His son, the knight Tullio Sartori\-Montecroce (1862\-1905\), was born in Innsbruck and pursued a legal career. He served briefly as a public administrator in [Trieste](/wiki/Trieste "Trieste"), and in 1895, was appointed lecturer and extraordinary professor of Canon Law, Germanic Law, and Austrian Constitutional History at the Italian University of Trieste. Later, he taught Germanic Law and Austrian Constitutional History at the [University of Innsbruck](/wiki/University_of_Innsbruck "University of Innsbruck"), where he also became dean of the Chair of Italian Jurisprudence. He devoted much effort to the founding of an Italian university in Austria and left several works on the history of law, such as: *Un progetto d'erezione di una Università a Trento nel XVI secolo* (1899\), *Di un tentativo dei giureconsulti trentini di ottenere il privilegio di conferire la laurea* (1900\), *Geschichte des landschaftlichen Steuerwesens in Tirol, von K. Maximilian bis Maria Theresia* (1902\), *Corso di storia del diritto pubblico germanico* (posthumous publication, 1908\) and the highly praised *La Comunità di Fiemme e il suo diritto statutario* (1891\).{{Cite journal \|last\=Gilli \|first\=Ervino Filippi \|date\=2018\-03\-25 \|title\=Il primierotto Tullio Sartori è figlio di quel Giovanni che ha dato il nome alla località di MonteCroce (o Pontet) e di cui ho scritto recentemente \|journal\=La Voce del Nord\-Est}}{{Cite book \|title\=Rassegna storica del Risorgimento \|publisher\=Lapi \|year\=1973 \|pages\=58}}{{Cite book \|last\=Battisti \|first\=Cesare \|title\=Guida di Primiero \|publisher\=Società tip. ed. trentina \|year\=1912 \|pages\=23}} Baron Tullio II Sartori\-Montecroce studied in [Munich](/wiki/Munich "Munich"), [Vienna](/wiki/Vienna "Vienna"), and Innsbruck, worked as an engineer, and in 1926, married Anne Pearson Hall, an American citizen from a prominent [Connecticut](/wiki/Connecticut "Connecticut") family.{{Cite journal \|date\=1926\-06\-06 \|title\=Plantation dance planned; women's exchange benefits \|journal\=Pittsburgh Daily Post}}
Knight Luigi Sartori, famous as one of the pioneers of modern beekeeping, professor and governmental director of beekeeping in Milan, inventor of various types of hives and mobile combs, is also from Primiero and received several distinctions and medals and a diamond jewel in the shape of a bee from the [Emperor of Austria](/wiki/Emperor_of_Austria "Emperor of Austria").{{Cite web \|last\=Bettega \|first\=Gianfranco \|title\=Luigi Sartori \|url\=https://cultura.primiero.tn.it/luigi\-sartori/ \|website\=Primiero Cultura\|date\=24 March 2014 }}{{Cite web \|last\=Gilli \|first\=Ervino Filippi \|date\=2018\-01\-19 \|title\="Luigi Sartori di Primiero", quando le api scrivono la storia di una Valle \|url\=http://www.lavocedelnordest.eu/luigisartoriprimiero/ \|website\=La Voce del NordEst}} He is remembered as an innovator, distinguished beekeeper, teacher, and brilliant lecturer, gifted with deep knowledge and a remarkable ability to communicate his ideas clearly and effectively. According to Fontana \& Angeli, "Sartori also became famous for the design of spectacular [apiaries](/wiki/Apiary "Apiary"). \[...] Above all, Sartori was one of the first beekeepers at the international level to codify and rationalize the breeding of queens. \[...] In fact, Sartori's manuals and lectures contributed enormously to the progress of Italian beekeeping".Fontana, Paolo \& Angeli, Gino. "Trentino Beekeeping". In: Floris, Ignazio (ed.). *Italian Apiculture: A Journey through History and Honey Diversity*. Accademia Nazionale Italiana di Entomologia, 2020, pp. 96\-117 He left three treatises that have become reference works: *Trattato di apicultura razionale* (1866\); *L'apicoltura in Italia. Manuale tecnico\-pratico\-industriale per la coltivazione razionale del mellifero insetto col favo mobile e col favo fisso* (1878, richly illustrated, in collaboration with Andrea de Rauschenfels), and *L'arte di coltivare le api ossia conferenze apistiche teorico\-pratiche* (1900\).
### Brazil
[left\|thumb\|[Salvador Sartori](/wiki/Salvador_Sartori "Salvador Sartori").](/wiki/File:Salvador_sartori_2.jpg "Salvador sartori 2.jpg")
The Brazilian branch was founded by [Salvador Sartori](/wiki/Salvador_Sartori "Salvador Sartori"), born in Vicenza in 1827, a road contractor, son of Angelo Sartori and Giacomina Toffolon. Married to Angela Zancaner, he settled with his wife, parents and siblings in [Cornuda](/wiki/Cornuda "Cornuda"), and from there he left for [Caxias do Sul](/wiki/Caxias_do_Sul "Caxias do Sul") with Angela and eleven children, plus some siblings and their families, in the middle of the city's foundation period, arriving on February 20, 1879\.{{Cite book \|last\=Costamilan \|first\=Ângelo Ricardo \|title\=Homens e Mitos na História de Caxias \|publisher\=Posenato Arte \& Cultura \|year\=1989 \|pages\=97–132}} In a few years, he set up a large business in the [Dante Alighieri square](/wiki/Dante_Alighieri_Square "Dante Alighieri Square"), the center of the emerging town, where he began to live. From 1883 on, his business expanded with a tannery, a [bodega](/wiki/Bodega_%28store%29 "Bodega (store)"), a shoe store, a butcher shop, and wine production.{{Cite book \|title\=Livro de Registro de Imposto sobre Indústrias e Profissões \|publisher\=City Hall of Caxias do Sul}} He achieved recognition as a civil and religious leader, was a fabricator of the first [Mother Church](/wiki/St._Theresa%27s_Cathedral%2C_Caxias_do_Sul "St. Theresa's Cathedral, Caxias do Sul") and co\-founder of the [Church of San Pellegrino](/wiki/Church_of_San_Pellegrino "Church of San Pellegrino"),{{Cite book \|last1\=Gardelin \|first1\=Mário \|title\=Os Povoadores da Colônia Caxias \|last2\=Costa \|first2\=Rovilio \|publisher\=EST \|year\=2002}}{{Cite book \|last\=Cichero \|first\=Lorenzo \|title\=Cinquantenario della Colonizzazione Italiana nel Rio Grande del Sud, 1875\-1925 \|publisher\=Rio Grande do Sul State Government / Italian Consulate \|year\=1925 \|edition\=1}} one of the founders and first leaders of the directory of the [Rio\-grandense Republican Party](/wiki/Rio-grandense_Republican_Party "Rio-grandense Republican Party"), and a member of the first [Governmental Board](/wiki/Governmental_Board_of_Caxias_do_Sul "Governmental Board of Caxias do Sul") and of the first Council.{{Cite book \|last\=Onzi \|first\=Geni Salete \|title\=Palavra e Poder: 120 anos do Poder Legislativo em Caxias do Sul \|publisher\=Memory Center of the Caxias do Sul City Hall \|year\=2012}} He was greeted by Lorenzo Cichero as "benefactor" and "one of the pioneers of the foundation of Caxias", and by Mário Gardelin as "personality of great importance in the life of Caxias", with "many and successful descendants", being the patriarch of a family that, in the words of Angelo Costamilan, would be part of "the finest flower of Caxias society". Several descendants can be cited.
[thumb\|Ida Sartori Paternoster. Large photo\-painting by [Júlio Calegari](/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_Calegari "Júlio Calegari").](/wiki/File:Ida-paternoster.jpg "Ida-paternoster.jpg")
[thumb\|Bishop Luis Victor Sartori.](/wiki/File:Sagra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Bispo_Luis_Victor_Sartori.jpg "Sagração do Bispo Luis Victor Sartori.jpg")
Carolina, one of the founders and counselor of the *[Associação Damas de Caridade](/wiki/Pio_Sodal%C3%ADcio_das_Damas_de_Caridade_of_Caxias_do_Sul "Pio Sodalício das Damas de Caridade of Caxias do Sul")*, a charitable entity of relevant trajectory, and founder and maintainer of the [Pompeia Hospital](/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_de_Pomp%C3%A9ia_Hospital "Nossa Senhora de Pompéia Hospital").{{Cite news \|date\=1953\-08\-13 \|title\=Associação Damas de Caridade: quarenta anos de existência \|work\=A Época}} Amalia, founder of the first chapel and a great benefactor of the Church of San Pellegrino. Ida, an honorary member of *[Esporte Clube Juventude](/wiki/Esporte_Clube_Juventude "Esporte Clube Juventude")*, one of the founders and honorary president of the cultural group *Éden Juventudista*, considered a woman ahead of her time and one of the most notable female personalities of her generation in Caxias do Sul.{{Cite news \|last\=Rigon \|first\=Roni \|date\=2003\-09\-10 \|title\=Memória: O casal Ida e Antônio \|work\=Pioneiro}}{{Cite book \|last1\=Machado \|first1\=Maria Abel \|title\=Nossas mulheres... que ajudaram a construir Caxias do Sul \|last2\=Aguzzoli \|first2\=Leonor de Alencastro Guimarães \|publisher\=Fundoprocultura \|year\=2005}} Attilio, one of the founders of the Apollo Theater in Caxias, and later, a coffee farmer in [São Paulo](/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo "São Paulo"), where he left descendants.
Ludovico was a great merchant, landowner, one of the founders of the *[Sociedade Caxiense de Mútuo Socorro](/wiki/Sociedade_Caxiense_de_M%C3%BAtuo_Socorro "Sociedade Caxiense de Mútuo Socorro")*, one of the founders and director of the [*Câmara de Indústria, Comércio e Serviços*](/wiki/C%C3%A2mara_de_Ind%C3%BAstria%2C_Com%C3%A9rcio_e_Servi%C3%A7os_of_Caxias_do_Sul "Câmara de Indústria, Comércio e Serviços of Caxias do Sul"), a member of the first cinemas in the city, captain of the [National Guard](/wiki/Brazilian_Army "Brazilian Army"), and for many years, fabricator of the Cathedral of Caxias. His son Honorino was a journalist, one of the founders of *Esporte Clube Juventude*, a great player and later, a board member, president, honorary member, and benefactor of the club.
Alberto was one of the largest wine exporters in Caxias, owner of several hotels, lieutenant in the National Guard, and sub\-intendent in the 3rd District. His son [Luís Victor](/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Victor_Sartori "Luís Victor Sartori") was the coadjutor chaplain of the Cathedral of Caxias,{{Cite book \|last\=Adami \|first\=João Spadari \|title\=História de Caxias do Sul 1864\-1970, Tomo I \|year\=1971 \|edition\=2}} curate of the [Cathedral of Porto Alegre](/wiki/Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_Mother_of_God%2C_Porto_Alegre "Metropolitan Cathedral of Our Lady Mother of God, Porto Alegre"),{{Cite news \|date\=1970\-04\-10 \|title\=Faleceu D. Victor Sartori \|work\=A Razão}} chaplain of the [Church of the Divine Holy Spirit](/wiki/Church_of_the_Divine_Holy_Spirit_%28Porto_Alegre%29 "Church of the Divine Holy Spirit (Porto Alegre)"), of the Providência Asylum and the [Carmelite](/wiki/Carmelites "Carmelites") Monastery,{{Cite news \|date\=1970\-04\-11 \|title\=Assembleia suspende sessão em memória de Dom Sartori \|work\=Diário de Notícias}} director of the Military Department of Catholic Action,{{Cite news \|date\=1935\-08\-29 \|title\=O próximo juramento da bandeira no Tiro de Guerra 318 \|work\=A Federação}} and later bishop of [Santa Maria](/wiki/Santa_Maria%2C_Rio_Grande_do_Sul "Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul"), where he was an important community leader and an active figure in the articulation of the [1964 military coup](/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat "1964 Brazilian coup d'état"),{{Cite journal \|last\=Lima \|first\=Mateus da Fonseca Capssa \|title\=Movimento Estudantil e Ditadura Civil\-Militar em Santa Maria (1964\-1968\) \|journal\=Federal University of Santa Maria}}{{Cite journal \|last\=Bett \|first\=Lanko \|year\=2010 \|title\=A (Re)Invenção do Comunismo: discurso anticomunista católico nas grandes imprensas brasileira e argentina no contexto dos golpes militares de 1964 e 1966 \|journal\=Unisinos}} one of the pioneers of radio broadcasting in Santa Maria,{{Cite journal \|last\=Romero \|first\=Jean Pierre Zinelli \|year\=2012 \|title\=A Pioneira Rádio Santa\-Mariense: fragmentos históricos da Rádio Imembuí \|journal\=Franciscan University Center}} one of the founders of the Law School (later incorporated to [Federal University of Santa Maria](/wiki/Federal_University_of_Santa_Maria "Federal University of Santa Maria")), and builder of the Saint Joseph Diocesan Seminary.{{Cite news \|date\=1966\-04\-27 \|title\=Novo Seminário Diocesano de Santa Maria será inaugurado a 1º de maio \|work\=Diário de Notícias}} Remembered by [João Spadari Adami](/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Spadari_Adami "João Spadari Adami") as a "notable orator and sacred writer",{{Cite book \|last\=Adami \|first\=João Spadari \|title\=Caxias, a Pérola das Colônias \|publisher\=Tipografia d’O Momento \|year\=1950}} when he died, he was praised by the leader of the MDB bench in the [Legislative Assembly](/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Rio_Grande_do_Sul "Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Sul") as "an exceptional figure whose services to our people will never be forgotten for the much they enriched the spiritual patrimony of our state".
Paulo Pedro was one of the founders and president of the *Associação dos Cronistas Esportivos of Porto Alegre*, judge at the Sports Court of Justice, editor of the newspapers *Hoje* and *Jornal do Dia*, president of the *Federação Atlética Riograndense*, vice\-president and counselor of the *Associação Riograndense de Imprensa*, director of the Department of Inspection of Public Entertainment Services, a censorship agency during the dictatorship, and secretary\-general of the Federation of Commercial Associations.
Pedro Luiz has a PhD in Mineralogy and Petrology, is a full professor and head of the Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Department of Geosciences at the Federal University of Santa Maria, member of the editorial board of the journal Disciplinarum Scientia, scientific advisor of the International Symposium on Granites and Associated Mineralizations, and author of an extensive scientific bibliography.{{Cite journal \|last\=Frantz \|first\=Ricardo André Longhi \|year\=2022 \|title\=Crônica das famílias Paternoster e Frantz e sua parentela em Caxias do Sul, Brasil \|url\=https://www.academia.edu/43001934 \|journal\=Academia.edu \|volume\=1}}
|
[
"Main Branches\n-------------",
"### Seven Communes",
"[thumb\\|Topographical map of the Seven Communes region.](/wiki/File:SetteComuni1850.jpg \"SetteComuni1850.jpg\")\nCentered in Roana, a member of the [Federation of Seven Communes](/wiki/Sette_Comuni \"Sette Comuni\") of the Vincentian plateau (plus Asiago, Lusiana, Enego, Foza, Gallio, and Rotzo), the surrounding localities have been marked by the presence of the Sartori since the 14th century, either through property ownership or residence. However, the context of the region did not favor the survivalof the old feudal nobility of the family. In 1405, the Federation submitted to [Venice](/wiki/Venice \"Venice\") and was made a district of Vicenza, which maintained a captain or vicar there, preserving, however, a great autonomy, its customs and its old fiscal and commercial privileges. By the 16th century, the region's fiefdoms were almost all extinct, as since the 13th century, the communes had been jointly consolidating a system of [semi\\-democratic](/wiki/Anocracy \"Anocracy\") communal government known as *[vicinanza](/wiki/Vicinanza \"Vicinanza\")*, with a local council made up of all the heads of households, able to legislate locally, appoint administrative officials, and oversee public accounts, as well as a dean (head of state with ceremonial and representative functions), and a syndic (head of government with executive functions). The capital of the Federation was Asiago, where the Regency met, a council consisting of one or two ministers from each commune under the coordination of a chancellor, who centralized the federative administration and foreign policy, arbitrated disputes, and appointed the [nuncios](/wiki/Nuncio \"Nuncio\") (procurators of the Regency in some other city). The administration of justice and military defense, however, were largely in charge of the [podesteria](/wiki/Podest%C3%A0 \"Podestà\") of Vicenza, representing the Venetian government. Most of the territory was collectively owned, indivisible and inalienable, and there was no division of society into rigid estates, no formal class of nobles, and no legal definition of nobility. Even so, there was a bourgeois patriciate made up of the wealthiest and most cultured families and those who obtained the highest public offices.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Pietribiasi \\|first\\=Fabio \\|year\\=2014 \\|title\\=La Spettabile Reggenza dei Sette Comuni. Breve analisi di un federalismo incompiuto \\|url\\=http://www.giancarlobortoli.it/pdf/articoli/IL%20FEDERALSIMO%20DEI%207%20COMUNI.pdf \\|journal\\=Quaderno di Cultura Cimbra}}Bianchi, Francesco. \"Una società di montagna in una terra di confine: l'altopiano dei Sette Comuni vicentini nel primo Cinquecento\". In: Panciera, Walter (ed.). *Questioni di confine e terre di frontiera in area veneta. Secoli XVI\\-XVIII*. FrancoAngeli, 2009, pp. 19\\-88",
"Categoria\n```\nThe nineteenth-century historian Giuseppe Nalli said that the family's presence honored the Seven Communes.\n```",
"Some members are recorded in the region with noble titles, such as Bonato, Marco and Giovanni Martino, but the sources do not clarify how they were obtained.{{Cite book \\|title\\=Archivio veneto \\|publisher\\=Regia Deputazione di Storia Patria \\|year\\=2005 \\|pages\\=143}}\n[left\\|thumb\\|Mount Erio in Roana, former Sartori property..](/wiki/File:Monte_Erio.jpg \"Monte Erio.jpg\")\nIn Roana, in addition to the fief received from Bishop Andrea dei Mozzi in 1295, which gave rise to the *contrada* Sartori, they owned the Erio and Verena mountains, the fief of Verenetta and other properties.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Brentari \\|first\\=Ottone \\|year\\=1885 \\|title\\=Guida storico\\-alpina di Bassano\\-Sette Comuni: canale di Brenta, Marostica, Possagno, con carta della regione \\|journal\\=Sante Posszto \\|pages\\=177}} According to Alessandro Scandale, the family was one of the protagonists in the legal separation of Roana from [Rotzo](/wiki/Rotzo \"Rotzo\") and its constitution as a new commune in 1300\\.{{Cite web \\|last\\=Scandale \\|first\\=Alessandro \\|date\\=2012\\-12\\-08 \\|title\\=Margareta e Frà dolcino, amore e libertà \\|url\\=https://ladomenicadivicenza.gruppovideomedia.it/a\\_ITA\\_4925\\_1\\.html \\|website\\=Domenica di Vicenza}}",
"Marco de Roana was a *[condottiero](/wiki/Condottiero \"Condottiero\")* in the service of the Republic of Venice, distinguishing himself in the wars against the [Ottomans](/wiki/Ottoman_Turks \"Ottoman Turks\") at the end of the 17th century. He was captain during the siege of [Budapest](/wiki/Budapest \"Budapest\") and governor of Venetian Dalmatia (today in [Montenegro](/wiki/Montenegro \"Montenegro\")).{{Cite journal \\|last\\=D'Ancora \\|first\\=Enzo \\|year\\=1937 \\|title\\=Annuario generale della provincia di Vicenza \\|journal\\=Arti Grafiche delle Venezie}}{{Cite web \\|title\\=Storia Militare della Popolazione Cimbra \\|url\\=https://www.serenissimogoverno.eu/2006/02/23/storia\\-militare\\-della\\-popolazione\\-cimbra/ \\|access\\-date\\=2022\\-12\\-18 \\|website\\=Veneto Serenissimo Governo\\|date\\=23 February 2006 }} He fought bravely at [Grahovo](/wiki/Grahovo_%28region%29 \"Grahovo (region)\"), a crucial place to contain the advance of the Ottomans.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Todeschini \\|first\\=Umberto \\|year\\=2012 \\|title\\=La Ca' Terza \\|journal\\=Sarcedo Storia \\& Cultura \\|issue\\=11}} According to a report of July 19, 1690 from the Venetian Provider Nicolò Erizzo to the Senate, \"General Sartori has rendered fruitful service in Grahovo, showing great prudence in transmitting my instructions to the inhabitants of that plain in order that they remain faithful to the Most Serene Majesty, and has succeeded very well in dispelling the hesitation in which they were walking regarding whether or not to submit to the pasha of Herzegovina\". He goes on to say that he commissioned Sartori to inspect two advanced detachments, which he did with a force of 40 armed peasants and 30 soldiers, finding them in extreme disorder, when he was attacked by 400 Ottoman horsemen who recognized him. He defended himself with his soldiers and two peasants, while the others fled:{{Cite journal \\|year\\=1896 \\|title\\=Il Montenegro, da relazione dei provveditori veneti (1687\\-1735\\) \\|url\\=http://asa.archiviostudiadriatici.it/islandora/object/libria:119112/datastream/PDF/content/libria\\_119112\\.pdf \\|journal\\=Roma \\|pages\\=70–86}}\n> Furious was the attack, but intrepid was the resistance, and after three hours of bloody and uncertain combat, the impetus and valor of those few Christians prevailed over the enemy, though reinforced by their own infantry, who, fighting generously, opened the way for an honorable retreat, taking refuge in the Tower with the only loss of 14 of their companions, and seven other men, who with several villagers, distinguished themselves in reinforcing the former, bravely sacrificing themselves in your lordship's glorious service, not without first causing considerable havoc among the boldest Turks, among whom was the commander of Nevisigne, who was also killed. \\[...] Marco Sartori, bravely sustaining with his few soldiers the aggression of the barbarians, and repelling the temerity of the boldest, fulfilling in this as in the other battles of those memorable hardships the function that was his, is credited with the merit of a good officer and faithful subject of Your Lordships, whom I recommend to reward him with a gold medal.",
"In the 17th century, Griguolo, son of Zan, was dean of Roana. In 1702, the nobleman Giovanni Martino, son of Tommaso e married to Angela Cerato degli Orsini of Valdastico, died in Roana. At the time, his family still very rich and notable. In 1729, brothers Marco, Francesco and Fabbio founded a chapel in the *contrada* Sartori, dedicated to [St. Philip Neri](/wiki/Philip_Neri \"Philip Neri\"), destroyed in [World War I](/wiki/World_War_I \"World War I\") and restored in 1931\\.{{Cite web \\|title\\=Atlante delle parrocchie. Diocesi do Padova. Roana \\|url\\=http://www.parrocchiemap.it/parrocchiemap/other/atlante.jsp?icsc\\=7610435 \\|website\\=La Difesa del Popolo}} In 1743, the Regency appointed Fabbio, doctor of laws, as plenipotentiary nuncio in Vicenza, charged with the task of settling a dispute between the Seven Communes and the commune of [Montecchio Maggiore](/wiki/Montecchio_Maggiore \"Montecchio Maggiore\"), and in 1745 gave fundamental legal help in the process of recovering the lost privileges of the Federation customs.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Gloria \\|first\\=Andrea \\|year\\=1851 \\|title\\=Leggi sul Pensionatico emanate per le Provincie Venete dal 1200 a' di nostri \\|journal\\=Bianchi \\|pages\\=169}} Giovanni Battista (\\*1830\\) was rector of the Church of [Saint Justina](/wiki/Cyprian_and_Justina \"Cyprian and Justina\") in Roana and festive chaplain in Cesuna.\n[thumb\\|Romeo Sartori Airport in Asiago.](/wiki/File:Aerial_image_of_the_Asiago_airfield.jpg \"Aerial image of the Asiago airfield.jpg\")\nCorrado, a World War I artillery lieutenant and aerial reconnaissance specialist, was awarded the Silver [Medal of Military Valor](/wiki/Medal_of_Military_Valor \"Medal of Military Valor\") by the War Ministry for the \"singular skill\" of his technical work and for being a \"constant example of contempt for all danger, of self\\-denial and steadfastness\".{{Cite journal \\|year\\=1918 \\|title\\=Ricompense al valor militare per la campagna di guerra 1915\\-1918 \\|journal\\=Bollettino Ufficiale \\- Ministero della Guerra \\|issue\\=52}} Romeo Arturo (1897\\-1933\\), fighter pilot during World War I, served in several squadrons; distinguished for bravery, he was promoted to sergeant and received the Bronze and Silver Medals of Military Valor. After the war, he served as a flight instructor and test pilot, and often exhibited himself as a pilot of aerobatics and simulated combat, winning competitions such as the *Circuito delle Marche* in 1921 and the I *Convegno Aereo Nazionale of Florence* in 1922, as well as representing Italy in an international championship in [Geneva](/wiki/Geneva \"Geneva\") in 1925\\. Dead in a plane crash, he received other honors, such as the Medal of the Italo\\-Austrian War 1915–1918, the Medal of Italian Unity, and the Medal of Victory; his name is the name of a street in Roana and of the Asiago airport.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Mancini \\|first\\=Luigi \\|title\\=Grande Enciclopedia Aeronautica \\|publisher\\=Edizioni Aeronautica \\|year\\=1936 \\|pages\\=542}}",
"[Luigi](/wiki/Luigi_Sartori \"Luigi Sartori\") (1924\\-2007\\), ordained priest in 1946, graduated in theology at the Diocesan Seminary of [Padua](/wiki/Padua \"Padua\"), specialized in [Ecclesiology](/wiki/Ecclesiology \"Ecclesiology\") and doctorate at the [Pontifical Gregorian University](/wiki/Pontifical_Gregorian_University \"Pontifical Gregorian University\") in [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\"), was professor of Dogmatic and Ecumenical Theology at the Seminary for many years, where he founded the magazine *Studia patavina* and left several works.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Pezzi \\|first\\=Ilda \\|year\\=1999 \\|title\\=Il rapporto tra la pneumatologia e l'ecclesiologia nella teologia italiana post\\-conciliare \\|journal\\=Pontificia Universidade Gregoriana \\|pages\\=80–84}} According to Paola Zampieri, he is considered one of the fathers of modern Italian theology. For Antonio Ricupero, who did his doctorate on his work, the synthesis of his thought can be expressed in the phrase \"faith is the leaven of history,\" adding: \"In his theology, we read a creative reception of the innovations of the [Second Vatican Council](/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council \"Second Vatican Council\"), in which he was able to grasp the vital germs and the paths susceptible of new developments. \\[...] Sartori followed the events of his time with passion and participation, inside and outside the church, trying to discern in them the role and the creative force of the Spirit who guides toward the future. In my opinion, the roots of the continuity of the coherent witness he gave in his life and the interpretative key to all his vast theological production lie in the profound and vital relationship between faith and history\".{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Zamperi \\|first\\=Paola \\|year\\=2016 \\|title\\=Il senso dell'itinerario teologico di Luigi Sartori \\|url\\=https://www.fttr.it/il\\-senso\\-dellitinerario\\-teologico\\-di\\-luigi\\-sartori/ \\|journal\\=Facoltà Teologia del Triveneto News Letter \\|issue\\=2}}\n[left\\|thumb\\|Amalia Sartori.](/wiki/File:Amalia_Sartori.jpg \"Amalia Sartori.jpg\")\nAmalia, also known as Lia, born in Valdastico in 1947 but descended from the branch of Roana, was a teacher, member of the [European Parliament](/wiki/European_Parliament \"European Parliament\") for three terms, holding several positions, including:{{Cite work \\|last\\=Bortoli \\|first\\=Giancarlo \\|title\\=Donne dell'Altopiano dei 7 Comuni. Figure attuali e del passato che fanno riflettere \\|url\\=http://www.giancarlobortoli.it/pdf/articoli/DONNE%20DELL'ALTOPIANO%20DEI%207%20COMUNI.pdf \\|journal\\=}} Chair of the [Committee on Industry](/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_Industry%2C_Research_and_Energy \"European Parliament Committee on Industry, Research and Energy\"), Research and Energy; Vice\\-chair of the Delegation to the EU\\-Bulgaria Joint Parliamentary Committee and of the Delegation for relations with the [NATO](/wiki/NATO \"NATO\") Parliamentary Assembly. She was also member of the Delegation for relations with the Andean Community countries; of the Delegation for relations with the United States; of the [Conference of Committee Chairs](/wiki/Committees_of_the_European_Parliament \"Committees of the European Parliament\"); of the Committees on Economic and Monetary Affairs; on Women's Rights and Equal Opportunities; on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety; on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs; and on Budgets, but was accused of illegal funding to the parties involved in the Venice [MOSE Project](/wiki/MOSE \"MOSE\").{{Cite web \\|title\\=Amalia SARTORI \\|url\\=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/pt/4423/AMALIA\\_SARTORI/history/5\\#detailedcardmep \\|access\\-date\\=2023\\-01\\-23 \\|website\\=Parlamento Europeu\\|date\\=2 August 1947 }}{{Cite web \\|date\\=2014\\-07\\-02 \\|title\\=Mose, ex europarlamentare Lia Sartori agli arresti domiciliari \\|url\\=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2014/07/02/mose\\-ex\\-europarlamentare\\-lia\\-sartori\\-ai\\-domiciliari/1046947/ \\|website\\=Il Fatto Quotidiano}}",
"From Lusiana can be cited Bonato, procurator of the commune for the collection of taxes in 1572; *[messere](/wiki/Messere \"Messere\")* Marco, son of Bonato, one of the guarantors in a commercial contract made in Roana in 1590; Baptista, son of Gasparo son of Bonato, dean of Lusiana; Bortolo, one of the governors of the commune in 1787;{{Cite book \\|title\\=Archivio storico pre\\-unitario del Comune di Lusiana 1454\\-1916 \\|publisher\\=Comune di Lusiana \\|year\\=2002 \\|pages\\=23}} the physician Zuane, active in Oliero (Valstagna) at the beginning of the 17th century;{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Bartolini \\|first\\=Donatella \\|year\\=2006 \\|title\\=Medici e comunità: esempi dalla terraferma veneta dei secoli XVI e XVII \\|journal\\=Deputazione di Storia Patria per le Venezie \\|pages\\=161}} the \"clearest\" priest Francesco (\\*1774\\), abbot, vice\\-adjutor of the Parish of St. Andrew in Padua in 1816, and parish priest of St. Paul in [Monselice](/wiki/Monselice \"Monselice\") in 1819; Father Domenico (\\*1800\\), rector of the Church of St. Stephen in [Carpenedolo](/wiki/Carpenedolo \"Carpenedolo\") in 1836\\.{{Cite book \\|title\\=Stato personale del clero della città e diocesi di Padova \\|publisher\\=Tip. del Seminario \\|year\\=1852}}",
"Giovanni Antoni, from Foza, was nuncio to the Federation in 1696\\.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Turrina \\|first\\=Giulia \\|title\\=Archivio della regenza dei Sette Comuni \\|publisher\\=Archivio Storico di Asiago \\|year\\=2015 \\|pages\\=40}} In Enego, around 1700, there is Antonio, a lumberman and one of the witnesses in the beatification process of [Gregorio Barbarigo](/wiki/Gregorio_Barbarigo \"Gregorio Barbarigo\").{{Cite book \\|last\\=Gios \\|first\\=Pierantonio \\|title\\=La chiesa e la comunità di Asiago: dal 14\\. al 20\\. secolo \\|publisher\\=Comune di Asiago, Ufficio patrimonio e ambiente \\|year\\=1998 \\|pages\\=88}} Domenico was receiver of [Rotzo](/wiki/Rotzo \"Rotzo\") at the beginning of the 20th century.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Stern \\|first\\=Mario Rigoni \\|title\\=1915\\-1918: la guerra sugli altipiani: testimonianze di soldati al fronte \\|publisher\\=Pozza \\|year\\=2000 \\|pages\\=630}}\n[thumb\\|Giambattista Sartori Pertile.](/wiki/File:Giambattista_Sartori_Pertile.jpg \"Giambattista Sartori Pertile.jpg\")\nFrom Asiago, capital of the Federation, can be mentioned Giovanni Steffano, one of the governors of the city in 1683; in 1713, signor Giovanni Gregorio was nuncio to the Federation in Venice, presenting the situation of the region with many witnesses and making many complaints about the shortages the population was experiencing because of wars, plagues and natural disasters; in 1716, Francesco was nuncio to Venice and in charge of settling a dispute regarding the Federation customs.{{Cite book \\|title\\=Privilegi originari ducali, decreti, terminazioni, e giudizi esecutivi delli Sette Communi e sue contrade \\|year\\=1800 \\|pages\\=110–286}} Father Domenico was chaplain of [St. Bartholomew](/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle \"Bartholomew the Apostle\")'s in Fara in the 19th century. Giambattista Pertile (1801\\-1884\\), son of Cristiano and Antonia Sartori, was a priest, doctor of theology, chaplain of the [Lombardo\\-Venetian](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia \"Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia\") National Guard, professor of Italian language and literature at the Academy of Languages in Vienna, [laureate](/wiki/Laureate \"Laureate\") professor of ecclesiastical law at the [University of Pavia](/wiki/University_of_Pavia \"University of Pavia\"), where he was rector between 1846 and 1847, lecturer in international law at the [University of Padua](/wiki/University_of_Padua \"University of Padua\"), and left several books; for his merits, he received the [Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus](/wiki/Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus \"Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus\") with the rank of Officer and the [Order of the Crown of Italy](/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Italy \"Order of the Crown of Italy\") with the rank of Commander.",
"Jacopo Mattielli, son of Leonardo and Caterina Sartori, born in 1819, graduated as a doctor in Padua, worked in the House of Health, and during the unification wars, proved to be a fierce patriot, being exiled by the [Austrian](/wiki/Austria \"Austria\") government in 1849, going to [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\"), where he remained until 1853\\. He then returned to Padua, where he made a reputation in medicine, dying in 1899\\. He left a number of writings, including a biography of the physician Gian Giacomo Mazzola, a compilation of historical facts from Asiago, and a treatise on the [history of medicine](/wiki/History_of_medicine \"History of medicine\") in the 18th century.",
"Gallio produced several notable priests. Giovan Domenico, son of Lunardo de Gallio, was a councilor in 1604\\.{{Cite book \\|title\\=Studi Veneziani \\|publisher\\=Serra \\|year\\=2008}} Giandomenico Paccanaro (1745\\-1801\\), son of Pierantonio and Elisabetta Sartori, abbot, doctor of mathematics and philosophy, taught physics at the University of Padua and was highly praised as a professor of philosophy. He was a member of the *[Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati](/wiki/Accademia_Roveretana_degli_Agiati \"Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati\")* and of the *Accademia Patavina di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti.*{{Cite book \\|title\\=Breve ragguaglio intorno alla vita di d. Marcantonio Rizzi \\|publisher\\=Andreolo \\|year\\=1859 \\|pages\\=10}}{{Cite book \\|last1\\=Casellato \\|first1\\=Sandra \\|title\\=Professori e scienziati a Padova nel Settecento \\|last2\\=Rea \\|first2\\=Luciana Sitran \\|publisher\\=Antilia \\|year\\=2002 \\|pages\\=245}} *Giacomo* (\\*1813\\), curate of St. Michael in Arlesega in 1851, parish preacher of Vanzo in 1857, and curate of [Santa Maria Assunta](/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary \"Assumption of Mary\") in Padua in 1871\\.\n[thumb\\|Lápide commemorativa da beneficência de don Francesco Sartori, instalada na igreja paroquial de Campese, 1898\\.](/wiki/File:Francesco_Sartori_-_Campese.jpg \"Francesco Sartori - Campese.jpg\")\nFrancesco (1826\\-1897\\), son of Carlo and Catherine Finco, studied at the Seminary of Padua and was ordained a priest in 1849\\. He was chaplain of Saint Bartholomew in Crosara, parish priest in Mellame, and then took over as archpriest of the parish of Campese, in Bassano, where he was highly esteemed for his pastoral work. He restored the [Benedictine](/wiki/Benedictines \"Benedictines\") monastery in 1855 and the parish church in 1870, which was declared a National Monument in 1878; he was a poet, a prolific historian, and for his merits was awarded the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus in the rank of Knight.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Bortoli \\|first\\=Giancarlo \\|title\\=Gallio: Vicenze di Uomini e di Paese \\|publisher\\=Amministrazione Comunale di Gallio \\|year\\=1990}}",
"Cristiano (1818\\-1889\\), son of Lorenzo and Elena Pertile, was parish priest of St. Giacomo in Lusiana, rector of St. Anthony Abbot in Valstagna, archpriest of St. Michael in [Selvazzano](/wiki/Selvazzano_Dentro \"Selvazzano Dentro\") and [prebendary](/wiki/Prebendary \"Prebendary\") in Mandriola;{{Cite book \\|last\\=Bertolotti \\|first\\=Giuseppe \\|title\\=Statistica ecclesiastica d'Italia \\|publisher\\=Ricci \\|year\\=1886 \\|pages\\=208}} he joined the Austrian army to fight the French in the Brenta valley and, with the rank of Major, commanded a company that was part of the Walden Column.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Tivaroni \\|first\\=Carlo \\|title\\=L'Italia durante il dominio francese \\|publisher\\=Roux \\|year\\=1892 \\|pages\\=235}} His brother Carlo (\\*1832\\) studied in Gallio and Valstagna, and graduated in theology, Philosophy and Humanities at the Seminary of Padua, where he was professor of Italian Literature, Mathematics and Ecclesiastical History. Ordained a priest in 1860, he was also noted for his activity in social causes, being a great preacher, confessor, [apostolic protonotary](/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic \"Protonotary apostolic\"), canon of the [Cathedral of Padua](/wiki/Padua_Cathedral \"Padua Cathedral\") and chancellor of the diocesan presidency of the Schools of Christian Doctrine. He left many writings, including [panegyrics](/wiki/Panegyric \"Panegyric\"), biographies, doctrinal and devotional works, poems, and historical works. His other brother Francesco (1835\\-1903\\) did his [gymnasium](/wiki/Gymnasium_%28school%29 \"Gymnasium (school)\") in Bassano and graduated in Philosophy and Theology at the Seminary of Padua. Ordained a priest in 1858, he was chaplain in [Anguillara](/wiki/Anguillara_Sabazia \"Anguillara Sabazia\") and prebendate of Count Capodilista in Selvazzano, where Cristiano was archpriest. In 1889, when his brother died, he obtained his prebend from the Count of Sambonifacio in Mandriola. He left numerous historical works, as well as prosopographies of noble families, biographies, catechisms, and devotional works, receiving the approval and friendship of many scholars.",
"Lorenzo (1805\\-1885\\) was [archpriest](/wiki/Archpriest \"Archpriest\") of St. Bartholomew's in Gallio, rector of St. George's in Perlena, vicar of St. Andrew's in Padua, spiritual director and rector of the Seminary of Padua, dean of the Cathedral Chapter, and vicar general of the [diocese](/wiki/Diocese \"Diocese\").{{Cite book \\|last\\=Lanzi \\|first\\=Estore \\|title\\=Almanacco ecclesiastico della città e provincia di Vicenza \\|publisher\\=Amadio \\|year\\=1936 \\|pages\\=80}} Antonio Domenico was secretary to the bishop of Ceneda, counselor of the Academy of Philosophy at the University of Padua, treatise on theology, teacher and historian, whose masterpiece is the much cited *La Storia della Federazione dei Sette Comuni* (1956\\). He is the name of a street in Gallio.",
"The group of the Seven Communes produced many other minor priests, such as Domenico (Lusiana), rector of St. Stephen's in Carpenedo in 1836;{{Cite book \\|title\\=Almanacco diocesano di Padova \\|publisher\\=Tipografia del seminario \\|year\\=1839 \\|pages\\=47}} Domenico (Asiago, 1825\\), curate chaplain of St. Bartholomew's in Fara; Francesco (Gallio, 1835\\), curated chaplain of St. Michael in Selvazzano; Catterino (Rotzo, 1839\\), curated chaplain of St. Vescovano in Vescovana; Francesco (Lusiana, 1839\\), parish priest of St. Giacomo and St. Giustina in Padua.",
"### Valstagna",
"[left\\|thumb\\|Mount Melette in Foza, former property of the Sartori.](/wiki/File:Melette.jpg \"Melette.jpg\")\n[left\\|thumb\\|Valstagna on the banks of the Brenta.](/wiki/File:Valstagna.jpg \"Valstagna.jpg\")\nIn the middle of the 15th century, some members of the Sartori family left from Foza and Asiago, settling in Valstagna, in the valley of the [Brenta River](/wiki/Brenta_%28river%29 \"Brenta (river)\"), in a region called [Valsugana](/wiki/Valsugana \"Valsugana\"), where they began their career as great merchants in the early 16th century, which would make them very wealthy.Povolo, Claudio. [\"Nel mezzo della piazza di Valstagna: Liturgia di un conflitto agli inizi del Seicento\"](https://www.academia.edu/2469075/Nel_mezzo_della_piazza_di_Valstagna_Liturgia_di_un_conflitto_agli_inizi_del_Seicento). In: Stringa, N, \\& Prete, E. *Il vasaio innamorato. Scritti per gli 80 anni di Alessio Tasca*. Canova, 2010, pp. 252\\-264 The commune was endowed with extensive forest, had numerous sawmills, and was one of the main centers of timber extraction in the pre\\-[Alpine](/wiki/Alps \"Alps\") region.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Macca \\|first\\=Gaetano \\|title\\=Storia dei sette Comuni e delle ville annesse \\|publisher\\=Menegatti \\|year\\=1816 \\|pages\\=403–410}} It held an important regional fair and, as it was situated on the banks of the Brenta, it occupied a strategic position in the transport system of a vast commercial network that began in Trento, passed through the Seven Communes, included most of the Vicentine\\-Bassanese\\-Feltrina plain, and reached Padua and Venice. As a result, Brenta became known as the \"lumber route\". By the 15th century, during the consolidation of Venetian rule, this commercial network was already perfectly articulated and involved considerable amounts of money. Valstagna also had no formal noble class, organizing itself socially and politically as a *vicinanza*. In the 16th century, it composed a commune legally merged with Oliero and [Campolongo sul Brenta](/wiki/Campolongo_sul_Brenta \"Campolongo sul Brenta\"), and bordered Asiago, Gallio, Foza and Enego, with which it maintained strong commercial ties. In the past it had been part of the Federation of the Seven Communes as a district.",
"Apparently, Pietro was the first of the Seven Communes to be present in Valsugana, being Asiago's deputy in Valstagna in 1440\\. There, they were part of the bourgeois patriciate, owned a rural palace in *contrada* Lora and one in the urban center, and a private altar in the parish church. Later, some members left this commune and settled in Vicenza, Bassano, [Feltre](/wiki/Feltre \"Feltre\"), [Longarone](/wiki/Longarone \"Longarone\"), and [Belluno](/wiki/Belluno \"Belluno\"), especially brothers Antonio and Nicolò, natives of Valstagna, who maintained residences there while establishing bases in Vicenza and Bassano.\n[thumb\\|Saint Mark's Lion on the facade of the Civic Tower in Valstagna Square](/wiki/File:Leone_Valstagna.jpg \"Leone Valstagna.jpg\")\nAntonio was a wealthy lumber merchant who owned half of the Miella and Vanzo mountains, forests and sawmills in Primiero,{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Crestani \\|first\\=Marco \\|year\\=2012 \\|title\\=Piccola economia della frugalità nel canale del Brenta \\|journal\\=Universitá Ca' Foscari}} and a fortified palace in the central square of Valstagna; he received Bassano citizenship in 1592 and was admitted to the Council in 1599\\. In Valstagna, he gained an infamous reputation in the early 17th century after being accused by the *vicini* of repeated displays of intolerable haughtiness and insolence, which caused rough friction with other influential personages, drew grudges against him and disgraced the entire community, as well as claiming to dictate laws without the ability to do so and usurping the rights of others. On the morning of April 14, 1618, his situation became critical when, without the community's knowledge, workers brought by him from Bassano began to demolish an imposing chapel in the central square, whose frontispiece bore the image of the Lion of [Saint Mark](/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist \"Mark the Evangelist\"), symbol of Venetian authority, while his armed militiamen guarded it from the windows of his house. The community soon noticed the movement and erupted in great commotion, but the damage had already been done.",
"The real motives for such acts are unclear and their progress is not fully documented. However, in the petition that the community brought against him to the Venetian [Council of Ten](/wiki/Council_of_Ten \"Council of Ten\"), he was denounced for [impiety](/wiki/Impiety \"Impiety\") and [lese\\-majesty](/wiki/L%C3%A8se-majest%C3%A9 \"Lèse-majesté\"), for the destruction of the chapel and the Lion of St. Mark, and for fraud, for having presented a license for the demolition of the *[podestà](/wiki/Podest%C3%A0 \"Podestà\")* of [Marostica](/wiki/Marostica \"Marostica\") obtained with false justifications and that was never ratified by the Council of Valstagna. Despite the gravity of the case, some magistrates were suspicious of the veracity of the story, leading the Council of Ten not to form a majority and to postpone a decision. New injunctions were filed, and the defense justified itself by claiming that Sartori's intention was only to transfer the chapel to a more favorable location as a public utility; the case dragged on for months as tension between the community and Sartori increased. The sentence was handed down in May 1619 and required Sartori to rebuild the chapel and the Lion, a lenient penalty in view of the gravity of the charges. According to Claudio Povolo, who has studied the case, it seems that Sartori managed to convince the Venetian magistrates that the license he had obtained was valid and that he intended to preserve the Lion statue, and that its destruction was the result of an accident. Despite this, Sartori began to carry out reprisals, persecutions, and intimidations against those who testified against him, including organizing attacks with his militia, and in August, he even filed a complaint in Venice alleging that he was suffering attacks. After further conflicts, a peace agreement was signed on March 18, 1620, through the Venetian patrician [Giovanni Tiepolo](/wiki/Giovanni_Tiepolo \"Giovanni Tiepolo\"), but the exhaustion that Sartori suffered prevented him from continuing to be an active presence in communal life. He left at least three sons, Francesco, Sebastiano, and Giuseppe.{{Cite book \\|title\\=Corporazioni religiose di Bassano del Grappa (Vicenza), San Francesco di Bassano del Grappa (Vicenza), Istrumenti in pergamena, Istrumenti in pergamena \\|publisher\\=Archivio di Stato di Vicenza. Sezione di Bassano del Grappa}}",
"The trustees of Valstagna were Antonio in 1551, Francesco in 1567 and Nicolò in 1609\\.{{Cite web \\|last\\=Costa \\|first\\=Valerio \\|title\\=SINDACI DI VALSTAGNA DAL '400 AD OGGI \\|url\\=http://www.valstagna.info/index.php/lo\\-sapevate\\-che/701\\-i\\-sindaci\\-di\\-valstagna\\-dal\\-400\\-ad\\-oggi \\|website\\=Comune di Valstagna}} Francesco served the Republic of Venice, and in 1572, was procurator of Valstagna, Campolongo and Oliero.{{Cite book \\|title\\=Privilegi originari ducali, decreti, terminazioni, e giudizi esecutivi delli Sette Communi e sue contrade \\|year\\=1800 \\|pages\\=59}} Leonardo was a counselor in 1810\\.{{Cite journal \\|year\\=1819 \\|title\\=Nomina de' membri dei consigli comunali \\|journal\\=Bollettino delle Leggi della Repubblica Italiana \\|volume\\=11}} Father Leonardo (\\*1819\\) was curate chaplain of the Church of St. Anthony, abbot of Valstagna in 1851 and rector of the Church of St. Bartholomew of Crosara in 1855\\.",
"### Longarone",
"[left\\|thumb\\|At the top of the image, view of the terraces and walls built by the Sartori family in Longarone.](/wiki/File:Longarone_1961.jpg \"Longarone 1961.jpg\")\nLongarone was one of the main subsidiary headquarters of the Valstagna lumbermen. There, Orazio acquired land and forests in the 17th century, was admitted to the *vicinia*, and grew rich in the lumber trade.Bragaggia, Roberto. [\"Note sui boschi della Pieve di Lavazzo. Usi delle Regole, interessi dei mercanti e politiche della Repubblica di Venezia negli anni centrali del Seicento e i primi del Settecento](https://cultura.primiero.tn.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/da_per-Primiero-1_2015-Sfalci.pdf)\". In: *Sfalcii: usi e abbandoni del territorio*, 2015 (1\\): 45\\-56, Série *da/per Primiero: fonti e contributi per un orizzonte condiviso* His son Iseppo became one of the leading local lumber merchants. He and his brothers, Girolamo and Zuanne, built a private seat of extraordinary size in the Parish Church of Pirago. Bragaggia says that private seats were a symbol of prestige, and their placement inside the church reflected the rigid social hierarchy of the community. The Sartori seat, besides being oversized, had been built without the license of the *Vicini* Rule, having only the license of the bishop, which created conflicts, and was eventually taken down by the angry community, along with the seats of other distinguished families, such as the Teza and the Pellizzaroli, with whom the Sartori had established ties by marriage. Francesco Sartori della Teza was a deputy of the Regra. Dominus Giuseppe Sartori was also a big lumber merchant and had a commercial representation in Venice, where he spent most of the year.\n[thumb\\|206x206px\\|Grini\\-Sartori Coat of Arms.](/wiki/File:Coa_fam_ITA_grini.jpg \"Coa fam ITA grini.jpg\")\nIn the early 18th century, the family built a [villa](/wiki/Villa \"Villa\") on the slopes of [Longarone](/wiki/Longarone \"Longarone\")'s Mount Zucco surrounded by terraces, walls and staircases decorated with statues,{{Cite book \\|last\\=Mazzotti \\|first\\=Giuseppe \\|title\\=Le ville venete \\|publisher\\=Canova \\|year\\=1954 \\|pages\\=422}} a large complex that tradition says was started by Orazio and that,{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Corando \\|first\\=Francesco \\|title\\=Cosmografia: una veduta del Bellunese \\|journal\\=Il Vaglio \\- Giornale di Scienze, Lettere, Arti \\|volume\\=6 \\|issue\\=1 \\|pages\\=142–143}} according to Dal Mas \\& Miot, constitutes the most extraordinary example in the region of man\\-made work to shape the mountain slopes.Dal Mas, Caterina \\& Miot, Barbara. [\"Terrazzamenti e muri a secco\"](http://www.galaltobellunese.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/ST_A3_30-45.pdf). In: Dal Mas, Caterina \\& Miot, Barbara. *Studio per la tutela e la riqualificazione del patrimonio rurale e paesaggistico del GAL Bellunese*. Gruppo di Azione Locale Alto Bellunese, 2013, p. 40 Afterwards, the family withdrew from commerce and were admitted to the nobility of [Belluno](/wiki/Belluno \"Belluno\").{{Cite book \\|last\\=Vendramini \\|first\\=Ferruccio \\|title\\=Longarone ritrovato: dalla Repubblica di Venezia al Regno d'Italia \\|publisher\\=Cierre \\|year\\=2010 \\|pages\\=84}} After joining the Grini family, they adopted its coat of arms. In the early 19th century, when they were still very wealthy, another Orazio extended the terraces and walls, which, at a time when [famine](/wiki/Famine \"Famine\") was raging in the region, provided employment for many poor citizens, as well as protecting the community from landslides.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Robertson \\|first\\=Alexander \\|title\\=Through the Dolomites from Venice to Toblach \\|publisher\\=Allen \\|year\\=1896 \\|pages\\=55–56}}",
"### Bassano del Grappa",
"[Bassano del Grappa](/wiki/Bassano_del_Grappa \"Bassano del Grappa\") became subject to Venice in 1404, and from the end of the 16th century, the commune began to assume the role of the main seat of the Vincentian Sartori, but they began their infiltration before that. In 1361, Gualberto is mentioned owning a house in Bassano. In 1436, Ferraro, son of Grandone of Asiago, together with his wife Bona, donated land they owned in Marchesane, Bassano district, to the convent of St. Francis in exchange for the celebration of one mass a year for the benefit of their souls. Ferraro resided in Angarano, formerly an independent commune, but now a district of Bassano, a locality also associated with the Sartori of Valstagna/Vicenza. In 1457, Antonio, son of Donato of Enego, had land in Bassano. In 1458, Bassano Sartore was living in Bassano.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Verci \\|first\\=Giambattista \\|title\\=Notizie intorno alla vita e alle opere degli scrittori della citta di Bassano raccolte ed estese \\|publisher\\=Venezia \\|year\\=1775}} Giovanni Antonio, son of the aforementioned Bertoldo of Castegna, appears in 1502 buying land for 32 gold ducats in Angarano. By the end of the 16th century, the family would have 150 fields in Angarano.",
"Established on the banks of the Brenta, Bassano del Grapa was a small but dynamic commune, fulfilling a significant role in the timber trade network as the base of an important regional market and a customs office, and receiving timber harvested in a region of about a thousand square kilometers. It had a river port that provided an obligatory technical stop for lumber coming down the Brenta from the mountains, because there, already on the plain, the logs that came floating free on the river were tied together, forming rafts in order to continue their journey to Padua and Venice.Scuro, Rachele. [\"Bassano nel Quattrocento. Il primo secolo di dominazione veneziana\"](https://www.academia.edu/5427810/Bassano_nel_Quattrocento_Il_primo_secolo_di_dominazione_veneziana). In: Varanini, Gian Maria (ed.). *Storia di Bassano del Grappa*, vol I. Dalle origini al dominio veneziano. Comitato per la Storia di Bassano, 2013, pp. 358\\-359 There, the Sartori business interests found a favorable location for better articulation, since Bassano was located much closer to their many estates than Vicenza. According to [Francesco Vianello](/wiki/Fravia \"Fravia\"), \"some families established in Bassano but originating from those lands, among them the Sartori, the [Carraro](/wiki/Carraro \"Carraro\"), the Perli and the [Scolari](/wiki/Scolari \"Scolari\"), just to name a few, had more interests in the Brenta valley, and although they had palaces in Bassano, they maintained residences and properties in the places where they originated, where they had built the basis of their wealth\".Vianello, Francesco. [\"Proprietà fondiarie ed agricoltura nel Bassanese\"](http://www.storiadibassano.it/economia-e-popolazione-in-eta-moderna/proprieta-fondiaria-ed-agricoltura-nel-bassanese.html). In: Preto, Paolo (ed.). *Storia di Bassano del Grappa, vol II: L'etá moderna*. Comitato per la Storia di Bassano, 2013 Walter Panciera says: \n> Between the late medieval period and the 16th century, the wood market was the exclusive business of a handful of families from the lower Valsugana vicentina (Valstagna, Oliero) and bassanese (Primolano, Carpanè, Solagna), but not without the presence of entrepreneurs coming from other centers at the foot of the mountains, such as Grigno and Fonsazo, near Padua and Venice. Over time, on the other hand, there was a progressive concentration of merchants in Bassano, to where, beginning in the 16th century and also in the following century, some important merchant\\-entrepreneur families, such as the Sartori, the Perli, the Gardellini, moved, no doubt in order to take advantage in the city of a greater diversification of economic opportunities, not to mention the convenience of living in a small but lively and well\\-structured urban environment, center of fairs and markets. \\[...] The sign of its crucial importance and of its intense activity is given by the presence of groups of merchants coming from more distant areas, and then, roughly from the middle of the 17th century, by the penetration of great Venetian noble capital, from families such as the [Contarini](/wiki/Contarini \"Contarini\"), [Venier](/wiki/Venier \"Venier\"), [Capello](/wiki/Capello \"Capello\"), which allowed a continuous renewal of the companies and a greater integration with the entire regional economy.",
"[left\\|thumb\\|Coat of arms of the Bassano del Grappa group.The](/wiki/File:Bras%C3%A3o_Sartori_de_Bassano_del_Grappa.jpg \"Brasão Sartori de Bassano del Grappa.jpg\") advantages that the commune offered were expressed in the application for Bassanese citizenship addressed to the council, which stated that the place was a pleasant location and that it would allow them to exercise their trade as merchants with usefulness and decorum. They were one of the wealthiest families in the city, and according to the *Comitato per la Storia di Bassano*, they became famous there and achieved \"a social position of the first magnitude\".{{Cite book \\|last\\=Comitato per la Storia di Bassano \\|title\\=Storia di Bassano \\|publisher\\=Museo Biblioteca Archivio di Bassano del Grappa \\|year\\=1980 \\|pages\\=194–195}} In Bassano, the possession of citizenship rights also traditionally came with a nobilitating quality and gave access to the council and to administrative positions, but for the exercise of public office, fixed residence in the city and the possession of a substantial patrimony were required.{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Minchio \\|first1\\=Andrea \\|last2\\=Chenet \\|first2\\=Luisa Caterina \\|year\\=2019 \\|title\\=I Vitorelli. Fasti e splendori di una famiglia bassanese \\|journal\\=L'Illustre Bassanese \\|volume\\=6}} The incompatibility between commerce and nobility, which began to gain strength in the main Italian centers in the mid\\-16th century and which was one of the causes of the destitution of the Vicenza group, would only become a consensual ideology much later in Bassano, which at this time was still a city beginning its political and economic affirmation.[left\\|thumb\\|Variant of the coat of arms of the Bassano del Grappa group, dating from the 17th century. In the 18th century, another slightly different variant, with the green lion, was inscribed on the facade of the Sartori\\-Moritsch House.](/wiki/File:Sartori_de_Enego-Bassano.jpg \"Sartori de Enego-Bassano.jpg\")\nThe Most Excellent Lord Girolamo, son of Nicolò, was a feudatory in Foza, a member of the Bassano Council and a public health provider in that city, but during the plague of 1631, people suspected him of hiding sick people in his house, which caused his kidnapping and murder. In fact, he was ill himself, as he declared in his will.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Montini \\|first\\=Giovanni Maria \\|title\\=Della peste in Bassano nel 1631 \\|publisher\\=Baseggio \\|year\\=1861 \\|pages\\=14}} His brother Giulio, married to a Bellavidi and father of Sartorio (\\*1605\\), was a wealthy patrician of Vicenza and Bassano, well provided with allies and protectors, and because of his prestige, the excesses he committed were always treated very benevolently by the authorities. In 1663, the Sartori of Bassano sold the mountain Sasso Rosso in Foza to Giacomo Hora for the fortune of 2,025 ducats, comprising 245 fields, pastures and forests.",
"Giovanna Francesca, [Benedictine](/wiki/Benedictines \"Benedictines\"), was abbess of the Venerable Monastery of Saint Jerome at the end of the 18th century.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Sesso \\|first\\=Livia Alberton Vinco da \\|year\\=2001 \\|title\\=Due statue di Giovanni Bendazzoli per la chiesa del monastero di San Girolamo a Bassano \\|journal\\=Arte Documento \\|issue\\=15}} Girolamo II, son of Giulio II and the noble Angela Teresa Baggio, was a poet of panegyrics, octaves, and sonnets, and left a treatise on marriage and a manuscript narrating the history of the Sartori family.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Lavorenti \\|first\\=Giuseppe \\|title\\=Storia di San Giovanni Lupatoto \\|publisher\\=Rebellato \\|year\\=1966 \\|pages\\=248}} Married to the Countess Angela Brazolo, he was the father of Jacopo (Giacomo) Nicolò Sartorio Sartori (1764\\-1824\\), who left a historical chronicle about Bassano, an ode and other writings. He was married to Angela Berno, fathering Girolamo III Alvise Giacomo (1789\\), Angela (1790\\), Luigi (1791\\), Giacomo Nicolò (1791\\), Giulio IIII Antonio Sartorio (1793\\), Roberto Sartorio (1799\\) and Angela (1810\\).{{Cite book \\|last\\=Schroeder \\|first\\=Franz \\|title\\=Repertorio genealogico delle famiglie confermate nobili e dei titolati nobili essistenti nelle provincie venete \\|publisher\\=Alvisopoli \\|year\\=1830 \\|pages\\=251}}{{Cite book \\|last\\=Preto \\|first\\=Paolo \\|title\\=Framenti di Storia tra Medioevo e Lumi\". In: Storia di Bassano del Grappa \\|publisher\\=Comitato per la Storia di Bassano \\|edition\\=2}} Roberto (1799\\-1872\\) was an official of the Monte di Pietà and a poet. Giulio III was a poet and member of the Accademia degli Intraprendenti.{{Cite book \\|title\\=Notizie dell accademia degli intraprendenti di Bassano \\|publisher\\=Minetti \\|year\\=1854 \\|pages\\=16}}\n[thumb\\|Cover of *Eulogium*, panegyric addressed to Count and Bishop Girolamo Miazzi, written by Girolamo Sartori and Francesco Zerbino Betti, his blood relatives, 1779\\.](/wiki/File:Girolamo_Sartori_e_Francesco_Zerbino_Bettis.jpg \"Girolamo Sartori e Francesco Zerbino Bettis.jpg\")\nIn Bassano, unlike in Vicenza, the Sartori held important positions in the public administration and in the council for a long time, succeeding in joining a broad reorganization of the ruling class that, between the 15th and 16th centuries, suffered a process of closure, making access to the Council much more difficult, restricted to a small group of families. After Antonio and Nicolò, admitted in 1599, the family participated in the Council at least until the end of the 18th century.Vianello, Francesco. [\"Gli organi di governo della cità in età moderna\"](http://www.storiadibassano.it/gli-organi-di-governo-della-citta-in-eta-moderna.html). In: Preto, Paolo (ed.). *Storia di Bassano del Grappa, vol II: L'etá moderna*. Comitato per la Storia di Bassano, 2013 Jacopo, Alvise and Giulio were councilors in 1796\\. That year, during the French invasion, Jacopo's estate in the countryside sheltered Italian troops. There was fighting and his land was completely devastated.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Brentari \\|first\\=Ottone \\|title\\=Storia di Bassano e del suo territorio \\|publisher\\=Forni \\|year\\=1884 \\|isbn\\=}}",
"In 1726, they were confirmed in the nobility of Bassano, a status recognized by the Republic of Venice, and were reconfirmed as nobles in 1816, 1821, 1841 and 1897\\.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Ministero per gli Affari dell'Interno \\|title\\=Elenco provvisorio delle famiglie nobili e titolate della regione veneta \\|publisher\\=Civelli \\|year\\=1894 \\|pages\\=62}}{{Cite book \\|last1\\=Tettoni \\|first1\\=L \\|title\\=Saladini \\|last2\\=Saladini \\|first2\\=F \\|publisher\\=Wilmant \\|year\\=1848 \\|edition\\=8}} His main residence in Bassano, now known as the Sartori\\-Moritsch House, has been declared \"of particularly important cultural interest\" by the Ministry of Cultural Goods and Activities.{{Cite web \\|date\\=2014\\-11\\-06 \\|title\\=Soprintendenza archeologia belle arti e paesaggio per le province di Verona, Rovigo e Vicenza \\|url\\=http://www.sbap\\-vr.beniculturali.it/}}",
"### Crespano and Possagno",
"[left\\|thumb\\|Bishop [Giovanni Battista Sartori](/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Sartori \"Giovanni Battista Sartori\").](/wiki/File:Giovanni_Battista_Sartori_Canova_2.jpg \"Giovanni Battista Sartori Canova 2.jpg\")\nA small group settled in [Crespano del Grappa](/wiki/Crespano_del_Grappa \"Crespano del Grappa\"), but it deserves to be remembered for being the birthplace of the remarkable Giovanni Battista Sartori (1775\\-1858\\), bishop of Mindo and papal counselor. This group was descended from the original Roana group that had moved to Bassano for some time, and then to Crespano, being included in the Bassano nobility in 1760 by decree of the [Doge of Venice](/wiki/Doge_of_Venice \"Doge of Venice\"). Through his mother, Giovanni Battista was a half\\-brother of the celebrated sculptor [Antonio Canova](/wiki/Antonio_Canova \"Antonio Canova\"), making valuable contributions as his secretary and *fac\\-totum* to the promotion of his artistic career. He and Canova were responsible for recovering a precious art treasure confiscated by Napoleon in Italy. After Canova's death, Giovanni took up permanent residence in [Possagno](/wiki/Possagno \"Possagno\"), where, as his universal heir, he completed the construction of the [Temple of Canova](/wiki/Tempio_Canoviano \"Tempio Canoviano\") and, with the rich artistic legacy left by his brother, founded the [Museo Canova](/wiki/Museo_Canova \"Museo Canova\") and benefited various museums in Bassano del Grappa, Florence, Parma, [Piacenza](/wiki/Piacenza \"Piacenza\"), Treviso, Venice and [Asolo](/wiki/Asolo \"Asolo\"). The bishop was a man of vast culture, a reputed commentator on Greek and Latin authors, and translator of Greek tragedies and [Aramaic](/wiki/Aramaic \"Aramaic\") texts. He also sponsored, from his own resources, the renovation of churches and the construction of schools, roads, bridges, fountains and other public works in Possagno and Crespano, made financial endowments to various orphanages and asylums, donated important coin collections to many museums, and collections of manuscripts and rare books to the seminaries of Treviso and Padua. For his merits, he was awarded the titles of honorary citizen of Bassano and [Commander](/wiki/Commander_%28order%29 \"Commander (order)\") of the [Order of the Iron Crown](/wiki/Order_of_the_Iron_Crown_%28Kingdom_of_Italy%29 \"Order of the Iron Crown (Kingdom of Italy)\").{{Cite book \\|last\\=Villa \\|first\\=Domenico \\|title\\=Orazione letta nelTempio di Possagno nei funerali dell'Illmº e Revmº Mons. Giambattista, Sartori\\-Canova, Vescovo di Mindo \\|publisher\\=Roberti \\|year\\=1858 \\|pages\\=7–26}}Dal Negro, Andrea. \"Giovanni Battista Sartori Canova, Vescovo di Mindo. Una persona da rivalutare\". In: Dal Negro, Andrea (ed.). *La biblioteca di Canova. Tra collezione e ricerca*. Possagno, 2007, pp. 9\\-16\\.\n[thumb\\|Interior of the Museo Canova.](/wiki/File:Sale_Gipsoteca_canoviana_09.jpg \"Sale Gipsoteca canoviana 09.jpg\")\nAs heir, the bishop left his only niece, Antonietta Sartori Bianchi, who received from her uncle an important collection of Canova's works.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Argan \\|first\\=Giulio Carlo \\|title\\=Canova \\|publisher\\=Marsilio \\|year\\=1992 \\|pages\\=186}} She collaborated in the organization of the Museo Canova,{{Cite book \\|last1\\=Pezzini \\|first1\\=Grazia Bernini \\|title\\=Canova e l'incisione \\|last2\\=Honour \\|first2\\=Hugh \\|publisher\\=Ghedina \\& Tassotti \\|year\\=1993 \\|pages\\=81}} participated in the creation and was a tireless collaborator of the Institute of Regular Clerics of the Schools of Charity of Possagno, conceived by her second husband, Count Filippo Canal, and generously financed by Sartori. She was praised by Domenico Villa, archpriest of Bassano, as having \"rare qualities of mind and heart\", and by Laura Roberti\\-Lugo, who called her a \"most cultured lady\" when she dedicated to Antonietta a volume of chronicles in the form of epistles by her late husband, the literary Ambrogio Lugo, published in 1868\\.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Lugo \\|first\\=Ambrogio \\|title\\=Lettere descrittive \\|publisher\\=Roberti \\|year\\=1868 \\|pages\\=1–3}} When she died, around 1874, Antonietta left a legacy in her will of one hundred thousand lire for the foundation, in Crespano, of an institute for poor children born in Crespano and Possagno, which came to be legally constituted on May 6, 1880, under the name Opera Pia Bianchi\\-Canal.\"Regio Decreto MMDLVII, serie 2ª\". In: *Raccolta ufficiale delle leggi e dei decreti del Regno d'Italia*, parte supplementare (serie 2ª), vol. XX. Stamperia Reale, 1880, pp. 273\\-275",
"### Primiero",
"[left\\|thumb\\|Coat of arms of the Montecroce knights.](/wiki/File:Bras%C3%A3o_Sartori_di_Montecroce.jpg \"Brasão Sartori di Montecroce.jpg\")\nIn the 16th century, [Fiera di Primiero](/wiki/Fiera_di_Primiero \"Fiera di Primiero\") was situated on the border between the county of [Tyrol](/wiki/Tyrol \"Tyrol\") and the Republic of Venice, and maintained an official Tyrolean office for granting customs duties and licenses for the exploitation of the extensive forests of the region. As a result, the village attracted a large number of merchants, entrepreneurs and loggers. In addition, the access it had to the [Cismon](/wiki/Cismon \"Cismon\") and Brenta rivers made it a favorable route for high\\-volume trade.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Occhi \\|first\\=Katia \\|year\\=2006 \\|title\\=Le attività commerciali tra montagna e pianura \\|journal\\=Archivio Trentino \\|volume\\=55 \\|issue\\=1 \\|pages\\=85–97}} These advantages were exploited by Antonio and Nicolò de Valstagna, who bought forests there for the timber trade and established sawmills, supervising the business personally.",
"In the 18th century, the engineer Fioravante, founder of a dynasty of [notaries](/wiki/Notary \"Notary\") and knights, stands out.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Zanetel \\|first\\=Antonio \\|title\\=Dizionario Biografico di Uomini Illustri dei Trentino Sud\\-Orientale \\|publisher\\=Alcione \\|year\\=1978}} Antonio, Fioravante's son, was a notary in [Pieve di Soligo](/wiki/Pieve_di_Soligo \"Pieve di Soligo\"), and Solighetto, in the passage from the 18th to the 19th century, Giovanni Battista and Giovanni Maria were notaries in [Tarzo](/wiki/Tarzo \"Tarzo\").{{Cite book \\|title\\=Ati dei notai \\|publisher\\=Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali di Stato di Treviso}} Giuseppe was dean of the Church of Primiero.{{Cite book \\|title\\=Studi trentini di scienze storiche \\|publisher\\=Società di studi trentini di scienze storiche \\|year\\=1957}} Augusto was a [malacologist](/wiki/Malacology \"Malacology\"), geometer, architect, and as a royal engineer, he worked for the construction of the Ivrea\\-Aosta and Brindisi\\-Lecce railroads in the mid\\-nineteenth century.{{Cite book \\|last1\\=De Betta \\|first1\\=Edoardo \\|title\\=Catalogo dei molluschi terrestri e fluviatili viventi nelle provincie venete \\|last2\\=Martinali \\|first2\\=Pietropaolo \\|publisher\\=Antonelle \\|year\\=1855 \\|pages\\=3}}{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Cristoforetti \\|first1\\=Giuliana \\|last2\\=Serra \\|first2\\=Antonella \\|year\\=1997 \\|title\\=Comune di Imer. Inventario dell'archivio storico (1474\\-1980\\) e degli archivi aggregati (1829\\-1995\\) \\|journal\\=Servizio Beni Librari e Archivistici \\|pages\\=62}}{{Cite journal \\|title\\=Relazione della Commissione istituita con decreto ministeriale 30 settembre 1877 per proporre i sussidii da concedersi per la costruzione di talune ferrovie \\|journal\\=Relazione della Commissione Istituita Con Decreto Ministeriale 30 Settembre 1877 per Proporre I Sussidii da Concedersi per la Costruzione di Talune Ferrovie \\|volume\\=7 \\|issue\\=82}}{{Cite book \\|title\\=Dispacci telegrafci \\|publisher\\=Il Diavoletto \\|year\\=1865 \\|edition\\=18}} At the end of the 19th century, Lina made an important compilation of material on the history of mining in the Primiero area.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Fratini \\|first\\=Fortunato \\|title\\=Le valli di Primiero e di canal San Bovo \\|journal\\=Annuario della Società degli Alpini Tridentini \\|volume\\=9 \\|issue\\=1}}",
"Virginia Maria Teresa (1844\\-1879\\), daughter of Federico Sartori and Amalia Paternò, showed interest in the poor and in the religious vocation from a young age, taking the [religious habit](/wiki/Religious_habit \"Religious habit\") in the convent of the Daughters of Charity of Trento and then joining the [Servite Order](/wiki/Servite_Order \"Servite Order\") in 1867; from 1870, she collaborated in youth groups and in the installation of the [Daughters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus](/wiki/Daughters_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus \"Daughters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus\") in Primiero. She maintained a strict personal discipline and was known for her great virtue and charity, dedicating herself to various mortifications; she left writings of mystical inclination, as well as a didactic method for spiritual improvement. Several graces and cures are attributed to her, and she is popularly called a saint.{{Cite book \\|title\\=Un esempio alle giovani ossia cenni intorno alla vita di Teresa Sartori di Primiero \\|publisher\\=Tip. de Figli di Maria \\|year\\=1880}}\n[thumb\\|Knight Tullio Sartori\\-Montecroce.](/wiki/File:Tullio_Sartori.jpg \"Tullio Sartori.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|Knight Luigi Sartori.](/wiki/File:Luigi_Sartori.jpg \"Luigi Sartori.jpg\")\nIn 1797, the notary Francesco Antonio was deputy general of the commune and deputy of the valley of Primiero, and from 1809 to 1813, he was district deputy.{{Cite book \\|last1\\=Lentze \\|first1\\=Hans \\|title\\=Festschrift für Ernst Carl Hellbling zum 70\\. Geburtstag \\|last2\\=Putzer \\|first2\\=Peter \\|publisher\\=Fink \\|year\\=1971 \\|pages\\=214}} Giovanni, son of Francesco Antonio, born in 1808, studied law in Innsbruck and joined the Austrian imperial service, being appointed deputy of the District and Criminal Justice of Primiero. Later, he became imperial counselor, director of the Governmental Department for the Italian Tyrol, and deputy of the Diet of Innsbruck for the district of [Fiemme](/wiki/Fiemme_Valley \"Fiemme Valley\"), [Fassa](/wiki/Fassa_Valley \"Fassa Valley\"), and Primiero.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Gilli \\|first\\=Ervino Filippi \\|date\\=2018\\-03\\-18 \\|title\\=MonteCroce – Pontet, porta di Primiero e delle Dolomiti, cela segreti d'altri tempi: ecco la sua vera storia \\|journal\\=La Voce del Nord\\-Est}} Loyal to the Austrian empire, which dominated this area at the time, but also to his ethnic origins, he fought for the creation of an Italian\\-language university in Innsbruck. Angelo Ara considered him one of the most significant examples of this dual Austro\\-Italian loyalty among the state bureaucracy of his time.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Ara \\|first\\=Angelo \\|title\\=Gilli \\|publisher\\=ELIA \\|year\\=1974 \\|isbn\\= \\|pages\\=21}} He was appointed hereditary knight of the Order of the Iron Crown, with the Sartori de Montecroce predicate for his relevant services. He convinced the Diet to build a road to bypass the blockade of the Rolle Pass, which had left Primiero isolated; in honor of this initiative, the community named a district Montecroce.",
"His son, the knight Tullio Sartori\\-Montecroce (1862\\-1905\\), was born in Innsbruck and pursued a legal career. He served briefly as a public administrator in [Trieste](/wiki/Trieste \"Trieste\"), and in 1895, was appointed lecturer and extraordinary professor of Canon Law, Germanic Law, and Austrian Constitutional History at the Italian University of Trieste. Later, he taught Germanic Law and Austrian Constitutional History at the [University of Innsbruck](/wiki/University_of_Innsbruck \"University of Innsbruck\"), where he also became dean of the Chair of Italian Jurisprudence. He devoted much effort to the founding of an Italian university in Austria and left several works on the history of law, such as: *Un progetto d'erezione di una Università a Trento nel XVI secolo* (1899\\), *Di un tentativo dei giureconsulti trentini di ottenere il privilegio di conferire la laurea* (1900\\), *Geschichte des landschaftlichen Steuerwesens in Tirol, von K. Maximilian bis Maria Theresia* (1902\\), *Corso di storia del diritto pubblico germanico* (posthumous publication, 1908\\) and the highly praised *La Comunità di Fiemme e il suo diritto statutario* (1891\\).{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Gilli \\|first\\=Ervino Filippi \\|date\\=2018\\-03\\-25 \\|title\\=Il primierotto Tullio Sartori è figlio di quel Giovanni che ha dato il nome alla località di MonteCroce (o Pontet) e di cui ho scritto recentemente \\|journal\\=La Voce del Nord\\-Est}}{{Cite book \\|title\\=Rassegna storica del Risorgimento \\|publisher\\=Lapi \\|year\\=1973 \\|pages\\=58}}{{Cite book \\|last\\=Battisti \\|first\\=Cesare \\|title\\=Guida di Primiero \\|publisher\\=Società tip. ed. trentina \\|year\\=1912 \\|pages\\=23}} Baron Tullio II Sartori\\-Montecroce studied in [Munich](/wiki/Munich \"Munich\"), [Vienna](/wiki/Vienna \"Vienna\"), and Innsbruck, worked as an engineer, and in 1926, married Anne Pearson Hall, an American citizen from a prominent [Connecticut](/wiki/Connecticut \"Connecticut\") family.{{Cite journal \\|date\\=1926\\-06\\-06 \\|title\\=Plantation dance planned; women's exchange benefits \\|journal\\=Pittsburgh Daily Post}}",
"Knight Luigi Sartori, famous as one of the pioneers of modern beekeeping, professor and governmental director of beekeeping in Milan, inventor of various types of hives and mobile combs, is also from Primiero and received several distinctions and medals and a diamond jewel in the shape of a bee from the [Emperor of Austria](/wiki/Emperor_of_Austria \"Emperor of Austria\").{{Cite web \\|last\\=Bettega \\|first\\=Gianfranco \\|title\\=Luigi Sartori \\|url\\=https://cultura.primiero.tn.it/luigi\\-sartori/ \\|website\\=Primiero Cultura\\|date\\=24 March 2014 }}{{Cite web \\|last\\=Gilli \\|first\\=Ervino Filippi \\|date\\=2018\\-01\\-19 \\|title\\=\"Luigi Sartori di Primiero\", quando le api scrivono la storia di una Valle \\|url\\=http://www.lavocedelnordest.eu/luigisartoriprimiero/ \\|website\\=La Voce del NordEst}} He is remembered as an innovator, distinguished beekeeper, teacher, and brilliant lecturer, gifted with deep knowledge and a remarkable ability to communicate his ideas clearly and effectively. According to Fontana \\& Angeli, \"Sartori also became famous for the design of spectacular [apiaries](/wiki/Apiary \"Apiary\"). \\[...] Above all, Sartori was one of the first beekeepers at the international level to codify and rationalize the breeding of queens. \\[...] In fact, Sartori's manuals and lectures contributed enormously to the progress of Italian beekeeping\".Fontana, Paolo \\& Angeli, Gino. \"Trentino Beekeeping\". In: Floris, Ignazio (ed.). *Italian Apiculture: A Journey through History and Honey Diversity*. Accademia Nazionale Italiana di Entomologia, 2020, pp. 96\\-117 He left three treatises that have become reference works: *Trattato di apicultura razionale* (1866\\); *L'apicoltura in Italia. Manuale tecnico\\-pratico\\-industriale per la coltivazione razionale del mellifero insetto col favo mobile e col favo fisso* (1878, richly illustrated, in collaboration with Andrea de Rauschenfels), and *L'arte di coltivare le api ossia conferenze apistiche teorico\\-pratiche* (1900\\).",
"### Brazil",
"[left\\|thumb\\|[Salvador Sartori](/wiki/Salvador_Sartori \"Salvador Sartori\").](/wiki/File:Salvador_sartori_2.jpg \"Salvador sartori 2.jpg\")\nThe Brazilian branch was founded by [Salvador Sartori](/wiki/Salvador_Sartori \"Salvador Sartori\"), born in Vicenza in 1827, a road contractor, son of Angelo Sartori and Giacomina Toffolon. Married to Angela Zancaner, he settled with his wife, parents and siblings in [Cornuda](/wiki/Cornuda \"Cornuda\"), and from there he left for [Caxias do Sul](/wiki/Caxias_do_Sul \"Caxias do Sul\") with Angela and eleven children, plus some siblings and their families, in the middle of the city's foundation period, arriving on February 20, 1879\\.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Costamilan \\|first\\=Ângelo Ricardo \\|title\\=Homens e Mitos na História de Caxias \\|publisher\\=Posenato Arte \\& Cultura \\|year\\=1989 \\|pages\\=97–132}} In a few years, he set up a large business in the [Dante Alighieri square](/wiki/Dante_Alighieri_Square \"Dante Alighieri Square\"), the center of the emerging town, where he began to live. From 1883 on, his business expanded with a tannery, a [bodega](/wiki/Bodega_%28store%29 \"Bodega (store)\"), a shoe store, a butcher shop, and wine production.{{Cite book \\|title\\=Livro de Registro de Imposto sobre Indústrias e Profissões \\|publisher\\=City Hall of Caxias do Sul}} He achieved recognition as a civil and religious leader, was a fabricator of the first [Mother Church](/wiki/St._Theresa%27s_Cathedral%2C_Caxias_do_Sul \"St. Theresa's Cathedral, Caxias do Sul\") and co\\-founder of the [Church of San Pellegrino](/wiki/Church_of_San_Pellegrino \"Church of San Pellegrino\"),{{Cite book \\|last1\\=Gardelin \\|first1\\=Mário \\|title\\=Os Povoadores da Colônia Caxias \\|last2\\=Costa \\|first2\\=Rovilio \\|publisher\\=EST \\|year\\=2002}}{{Cite book \\|last\\=Cichero \\|first\\=Lorenzo \\|title\\=Cinquantenario della Colonizzazione Italiana nel Rio Grande del Sud, 1875\\-1925 \\|publisher\\=Rio Grande do Sul State Government / Italian Consulate \\|year\\=1925 \\|edition\\=1}} one of the founders and first leaders of the directory of the [Rio\\-grandense Republican Party](/wiki/Rio-grandense_Republican_Party \"Rio-grandense Republican Party\"), and a member of the first [Governmental Board](/wiki/Governmental_Board_of_Caxias_do_Sul \"Governmental Board of Caxias do Sul\") and of the first Council.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Onzi \\|first\\=Geni Salete \\|title\\=Palavra e Poder: 120 anos do Poder Legislativo em Caxias do Sul \\|publisher\\=Memory Center of the Caxias do Sul City Hall \\|year\\=2012}} He was greeted by Lorenzo Cichero as \"benefactor\" and \"one of the pioneers of the foundation of Caxias\", and by Mário Gardelin as \"personality of great importance in the life of Caxias\", with \"many and successful descendants\", being the patriarch of a family that, in the words of Angelo Costamilan, would be part of \"the finest flower of Caxias society\". Several descendants can be cited.\n[thumb\\|Ida Sartori Paternoster. Large photo\\-painting by [Júlio Calegari](/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_Calegari \"Júlio Calegari\").](/wiki/File:Ida-paternoster.jpg \"Ida-paternoster.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|Bishop Luis Victor Sartori.](/wiki/File:Sagra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Bispo_Luis_Victor_Sartori.jpg \"Sagração do Bispo Luis Victor Sartori.jpg\")\nCarolina, one of the founders and counselor of the *[Associação Damas de Caridade](/wiki/Pio_Sodal%C3%ADcio_das_Damas_de_Caridade_of_Caxias_do_Sul \"Pio Sodalício das Damas de Caridade of Caxias do Sul\")*, a charitable entity of relevant trajectory, and founder and maintainer of the [Pompeia Hospital](/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_de_Pomp%C3%A9ia_Hospital \"Nossa Senhora de Pompéia Hospital\").{{Cite news \\|date\\=1953\\-08\\-13 \\|title\\=Associação Damas de Caridade: quarenta anos de existência \\|work\\=A Época}} Amalia, founder of the first chapel and a great benefactor of the Church of San Pellegrino. Ida, an honorary member of *[Esporte Clube Juventude](/wiki/Esporte_Clube_Juventude \"Esporte Clube Juventude\")*, one of the founders and honorary president of the cultural group *Éden Juventudista*, considered a woman ahead of her time and one of the most notable female personalities of her generation in Caxias do Sul.{{Cite news \\|last\\=Rigon \\|first\\=Roni \\|date\\=2003\\-09\\-10 \\|title\\=Memória: O casal Ida e Antônio \\|work\\=Pioneiro}}{{Cite book \\|last1\\=Machado \\|first1\\=Maria Abel \\|title\\=Nossas mulheres... que ajudaram a construir Caxias do Sul \\|last2\\=Aguzzoli \\|first2\\=Leonor de Alencastro Guimarães \\|publisher\\=Fundoprocultura \\|year\\=2005}} Attilio, one of the founders of the Apollo Theater in Caxias, and later, a coffee farmer in [São Paulo](/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo \"São Paulo\"), where he left descendants.",
"Ludovico was a great merchant, landowner, one of the founders of the *[Sociedade Caxiense de Mútuo Socorro](/wiki/Sociedade_Caxiense_de_M%C3%BAtuo_Socorro \"Sociedade Caxiense de Mútuo Socorro\")*, one of the founders and director of the [*Câmara de Indústria, Comércio e Serviços*](/wiki/C%C3%A2mara_de_Ind%C3%BAstria%2C_Com%C3%A9rcio_e_Servi%C3%A7os_of_Caxias_do_Sul \"Câmara de Indústria, Comércio e Serviços of Caxias do Sul\"), a member of the first cinemas in the city, captain of the [National Guard](/wiki/Brazilian_Army \"Brazilian Army\"), and for many years, fabricator of the Cathedral of Caxias. His son Honorino was a journalist, one of the founders of *Esporte Clube Juventude*, a great player and later, a board member, president, honorary member, and benefactor of the club.",
"Alberto was one of the largest wine exporters in Caxias, owner of several hotels, lieutenant in the National Guard, and sub\\-intendent in the 3rd District. His son [Luís Victor](/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Victor_Sartori \"Luís Victor Sartori\") was the coadjutor chaplain of the Cathedral of Caxias,{{Cite book \\|last\\=Adami \\|first\\=João Spadari \\|title\\=História de Caxias do Sul 1864\\-1970, Tomo I \\|year\\=1971 \\|edition\\=2}} curate of the [Cathedral of Porto Alegre](/wiki/Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_Mother_of_God%2C_Porto_Alegre \"Metropolitan Cathedral of Our Lady Mother of God, Porto Alegre\"),{{Cite news \\|date\\=1970\\-04\\-10 \\|title\\=Faleceu D. Victor Sartori \\|work\\=A Razão}} chaplain of the [Church of the Divine Holy Spirit](/wiki/Church_of_the_Divine_Holy_Spirit_%28Porto_Alegre%29 \"Church of the Divine Holy Spirit (Porto Alegre)\"), of the Providência Asylum and the [Carmelite](/wiki/Carmelites \"Carmelites\") Monastery,{{Cite news \\|date\\=1970\\-04\\-11 \\|title\\=Assembleia suspende sessão em memória de Dom Sartori \\|work\\=Diário de Notícias}} director of the Military Department of Catholic Action,{{Cite news \\|date\\=1935\\-08\\-29 \\|title\\=O próximo juramento da bandeira no Tiro de Guerra 318 \\|work\\=A Federação}} and later bishop of [Santa Maria](/wiki/Santa_Maria%2C_Rio_Grande_do_Sul \"Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul\"), where he was an important community leader and an active figure in the articulation of the [1964 military coup](/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat \"1964 Brazilian coup d'état\"),{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Lima \\|first\\=Mateus da Fonseca Capssa \\|title\\=Movimento Estudantil e Ditadura Civil\\-Militar em Santa Maria (1964\\-1968\\) \\|journal\\=Federal University of Santa Maria}}{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Bett \\|first\\=Lanko \\|year\\=2010 \\|title\\=A (Re)Invenção do Comunismo: discurso anticomunista católico nas grandes imprensas brasileira e argentina no contexto dos golpes militares de 1964 e 1966 \\|journal\\=Unisinos}} one of the pioneers of radio broadcasting in Santa Maria,{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Romero \\|first\\=Jean Pierre Zinelli \\|year\\=2012 \\|title\\=A Pioneira Rádio Santa\\-Mariense: fragmentos históricos da Rádio Imembuí \\|journal\\=Franciscan University Center}} one of the founders of the Law School (later incorporated to [Federal University of Santa Maria](/wiki/Federal_University_of_Santa_Maria \"Federal University of Santa Maria\")), and builder of the Saint Joseph Diocesan Seminary.{{Cite news \\|date\\=1966\\-04\\-27 \\|title\\=Novo Seminário Diocesano de Santa Maria será inaugurado a 1º de maio \\|work\\=Diário de Notícias}} Remembered by [João Spadari Adami](/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Spadari_Adami \"João Spadari Adami\") as a \"notable orator and sacred writer\",{{Cite book \\|last\\=Adami \\|first\\=João Spadari \\|title\\=Caxias, a Pérola das Colônias \\|publisher\\=Tipografia d’O Momento \\|year\\=1950}} when he died, he was praised by the leader of the MDB bench in the [Legislative Assembly](/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Rio_Grande_do_Sul \"Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Sul\") as \"an exceptional figure whose services to our people will never be forgotten for the much they enriched the spiritual patrimony of our state\".",
"Paulo Pedro was one of the founders and president of the *Associação dos Cronistas Esportivos of Porto Alegre*, judge at the Sports Court of Justice, editor of the newspapers *Hoje* and *Jornal do Dia*, president of the *Federação Atlética Riograndense*, vice\\-president and counselor of the *Associação Riograndense de Imprensa*, director of the Department of Inspection of Public Entertainment Services, a censorship agency during the dictatorship, and secretary\\-general of the Federation of Commercial Associations.",
"Pedro Luiz has a PhD in Mineralogy and Petrology, is a full professor and head of the Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Department of Geosciences at the Federal University of Santa Maria, member of the editorial board of the journal Disciplinarum Scientia, scientific advisor of the International Symposium on Granites and Associated Mineralizations, and author of an extensive scientific bibliography.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Frantz \\|first\\=Ricardo André Longhi \\|year\\=2022 \\|title\\=Crônica das famílias Paternoster e Frantz e sua parentela em Caxias do Sul, Brasil \\|url\\=https://www.academia.edu/43001934 \\|journal\\=Academia.edu \\|volume\\=1}}",
""
] |
### Seven Communes
[thumb\|Topographical map of the Seven Communes region.](/wiki/File:SetteComuni1850.jpg "SetteComuni1850.jpg")
Centered in Roana, a member of the [Federation of Seven Communes](/wiki/Sette_Comuni "Sette Comuni") of the Vincentian plateau (plus Asiago, Lusiana, Enego, Foza, Gallio, and Rotzo), the surrounding localities have been marked by the presence of the Sartori since the 14th century, either through property ownership or residence. However, the context of the region did not favor the survivalof the old feudal nobility of the family. In 1405, the Federation submitted to [Venice](/wiki/Venice "Venice") and was made a district of Vicenza, which maintained a captain or vicar there, preserving, however, a great autonomy, its customs and its old fiscal and commercial privileges. By the 16th century, the region's fiefdoms were almost all extinct, as since the 13th century, the communes had been jointly consolidating a system of [semi\-democratic](/wiki/Anocracy "Anocracy") communal government known as *[vicinanza](/wiki/Vicinanza "Vicinanza")*, with a local council made up of all the heads of households, able to legislate locally, appoint administrative officials, and oversee public accounts, as well as a dean (head of state with ceremonial and representative functions), and a syndic (head of government with executive functions). The capital of the Federation was Asiago, where the Regency met, a council consisting of one or two ministers from each commune under the coordination of a chancellor, who centralized the federative administration and foreign policy, arbitrated disputes, and appointed the [nuncios](/wiki/Nuncio "Nuncio") (procurators of the Regency in some other city). The administration of justice and military defense, however, were largely in charge of the [podesteria](/wiki/Podest%C3%A0 "Podestà") of Vicenza, representing the Venetian government. Most of the territory was collectively owned, indivisible and inalienable, and there was no division of society into rigid estates, no formal class of nobles, and no legal definition of nobility. Even so, there was a bourgeois patriciate made up of the wealthiest and most cultured families and those who obtained the highest public offices.{{Cite journal \|last\=Pietribiasi \|first\=Fabio \|year\=2014 \|title\=La Spettabile Reggenza dei Sette Comuni. Breve analisi di un federalismo incompiuto \|url\=http://www.giancarlobortoli.it/pdf/articoli/IL%20FEDERALSIMO%20DEI%207%20COMUNI.pdf \|journal\=Quaderno di Cultura Cimbra}}Bianchi, Francesco. "Una società di montagna in una terra di confine: l'altopiano dei Sette Comuni vicentini nel primo Cinquecento". In: Panciera, Walter (ed.). *Questioni di confine e terre di frontiera in area veneta. Secoli XVI\-XVIII*. FrancoAngeli, 2009, pp. 19\-88
Categoria
```
The nineteenth-century historian Giuseppe Nalli said that the family's presence honored the Seven Communes.
```
Some members are recorded in the region with noble titles, such as Bonato, Marco and Giovanni Martino, but the sources do not clarify how they were obtained.{{Cite book \|title\=Archivio veneto \|publisher\=Regia Deputazione di Storia Patria \|year\=2005 \|pages\=143}}
[left\|thumb\|Mount Erio in Roana, former Sartori property..](/wiki/File:Monte_Erio.jpg "Monte Erio.jpg")
In Roana, in addition to the fief received from Bishop Andrea dei Mozzi in 1295, which gave rise to the *contrada* Sartori, they owned the Erio and Verena mountains, the fief of Verenetta and other properties.{{Cite journal \|last\=Brentari \|first\=Ottone \|year\=1885 \|title\=Guida storico\-alpina di Bassano\-Sette Comuni: canale di Brenta, Marostica, Possagno, con carta della regione \|journal\=Sante Posszto \|pages\=177}} According to Alessandro Scandale, the family was one of the protagonists in the legal separation of Roana from [Rotzo](/wiki/Rotzo "Rotzo") and its constitution as a new commune in 1300\.{{Cite web \|last\=Scandale \|first\=Alessandro \|date\=2012\-12\-08 \|title\=Margareta e Frà dolcino, amore e libertà \|url\=https://ladomenicadivicenza.gruppovideomedia.it/a\_ITA\_4925\_1\.html \|website\=Domenica di Vicenza}}
Marco de Roana was a *[condottiero](/wiki/Condottiero "Condottiero")* in the service of the Republic of Venice, distinguishing himself in the wars against the [Ottomans](/wiki/Ottoman_Turks "Ottoman Turks") at the end of the 17th century. He was captain during the siege of [Budapest](/wiki/Budapest "Budapest") and governor of Venetian Dalmatia (today in [Montenegro](/wiki/Montenegro "Montenegro")).{{Cite journal \|last\=D'Ancora \|first\=Enzo \|year\=1937 \|title\=Annuario generale della provincia di Vicenza \|journal\=Arti Grafiche delle Venezie}}{{Cite web \|title\=Storia Militare della Popolazione Cimbra \|url\=https://www.serenissimogoverno.eu/2006/02/23/storia\-militare\-della\-popolazione\-cimbra/ \|access\-date\=2022\-12\-18 \|website\=Veneto Serenissimo Governo\|date\=23 February 2006 }} He fought bravely at [Grahovo](/wiki/Grahovo_%28region%29 "Grahovo (region)"), a crucial place to contain the advance of the Ottomans.{{Cite journal \|last\=Todeschini \|first\=Umberto \|year\=2012 \|title\=La Ca' Terza \|journal\=Sarcedo Storia \& Cultura \|issue\=11}} According to a report of July 19, 1690 from the Venetian Provider Nicolò Erizzo to the Senate, "General Sartori has rendered fruitful service in Grahovo, showing great prudence in transmitting my instructions to the inhabitants of that plain in order that they remain faithful to the Most Serene Majesty, and has succeeded very well in dispelling the hesitation in which they were walking regarding whether or not to submit to the pasha of Herzegovina". He goes on to say that he commissioned Sartori to inspect two advanced detachments, which he did with a force of 40 armed peasants and 30 soldiers, finding them in extreme disorder, when he was attacked by 400 Ottoman horsemen who recognized him. He defended himself with his soldiers and two peasants, while the others fled:{{Cite journal \|year\=1896 \|title\=Il Montenegro, da relazione dei provveditori veneti (1687\-1735\) \|url\=http://asa.archiviostudiadriatici.it/islandora/object/libria:119112/datastream/PDF/content/libria\_119112\.pdf \|journal\=Roma \|pages\=70–86}}
> Furious was the attack, but intrepid was the resistance, and after three hours of bloody and uncertain combat, the impetus and valor of those few Christians prevailed over the enemy, though reinforced by their own infantry, who, fighting generously, opened the way for an honorable retreat, taking refuge in the Tower with the only loss of 14 of their companions, and seven other men, who with several villagers, distinguished themselves in reinforcing the former, bravely sacrificing themselves in your lordship's glorious service, not without first causing considerable havoc among the boldest Turks, among whom was the commander of Nevisigne, who was also killed. \[...] Marco Sartori, bravely sustaining with his few soldiers the aggression of the barbarians, and repelling the temerity of the boldest, fulfilling in this as in the other battles of those memorable hardships the function that was his, is credited with the merit of a good officer and faithful subject of Your Lordships, whom I recommend to reward him with a gold medal.
In the 17th century, Griguolo, son of Zan, was dean of Roana. In 1702, the nobleman Giovanni Martino, son of Tommaso e married to Angela Cerato degli Orsini of Valdastico, died in Roana. At the time, his family still very rich and notable. In 1729, brothers Marco, Francesco and Fabbio founded a chapel in the *contrada* Sartori, dedicated to [St. Philip Neri](/wiki/Philip_Neri "Philip Neri"), destroyed in [World War I](/wiki/World_War_I "World War I") and restored in 1931\.{{Cite web \|title\=Atlante delle parrocchie. Diocesi do Padova. Roana \|url\=http://www.parrocchiemap.it/parrocchiemap/other/atlante.jsp?icsc\=7610435 \|website\=La Difesa del Popolo}} In 1743, the Regency appointed Fabbio, doctor of laws, as plenipotentiary nuncio in Vicenza, charged with the task of settling a dispute between the Seven Communes and the commune of [Montecchio Maggiore](/wiki/Montecchio_Maggiore "Montecchio Maggiore"), and in 1745 gave fundamental legal help in the process of recovering the lost privileges of the Federation customs.{{Cite journal \|last\=Gloria \|first\=Andrea \|year\=1851 \|title\=Leggi sul Pensionatico emanate per le Provincie Venete dal 1200 a' di nostri \|journal\=Bianchi \|pages\=169}} Giovanni Battista (\*1830\) was rector of the Church of [Saint Justina](/wiki/Cyprian_and_Justina "Cyprian and Justina") in Roana and festive chaplain in Cesuna.
[thumb\|Romeo Sartori Airport in Asiago.](/wiki/File:Aerial_image_of_the_Asiago_airfield.jpg "Aerial image of the Asiago airfield.jpg")
Corrado, a World War I artillery lieutenant and aerial reconnaissance specialist, was awarded the Silver [Medal of Military Valor](/wiki/Medal_of_Military_Valor "Medal of Military Valor") by the War Ministry for the "singular skill" of his technical work and for being a "constant example of contempt for all danger, of self\-denial and steadfastness".{{Cite journal \|year\=1918 \|title\=Ricompense al valor militare per la campagna di guerra 1915\-1918 \|journal\=Bollettino Ufficiale \- Ministero della Guerra \|issue\=52}} Romeo Arturo (1897\-1933\), fighter pilot during World War I, served in several squadrons; distinguished for bravery, he was promoted to sergeant and received the Bronze and Silver Medals of Military Valor. After the war, he served as a flight instructor and test pilot, and often exhibited himself as a pilot of aerobatics and simulated combat, winning competitions such as the *Circuito delle Marche* in 1921 and the I *Convegno Aereo Nazionale of Florence* in 1922, as well as representing Italy in an international championship in [Geneva](/wiki/Geneva "Geneva") in 1925\. Dead in a plane crash, he received other honors, such as the Medal of the Italo\-Austrian War 1915–1918, the Medal of Italian Unity, and the Medal of Victory; his name is the name of a street in Roana and of the Asiago airport.{{Cite book \|last\=Mancini \|first\=Luigi \|title\=Grande Enciclopedia Aeronautica \|publisher\=Edizioni Aeronautica \|year\=1936 \|pages\=542}}
[Luigi](/wiki/Luigi_Sartori "Luigi Sartori") (1924\-2007\), ordained priest in 1946, graduated in theology at the Diocesan Seminary of [Padua](/wiki/Padua "Padua"), specialized in [Ecclesiology](/wiki/Ecclesiology "Ecclesiology") and doctorate at the [Pontifical Gregorian University](/wiki/Pontifical_Gregorian_University "Pontifical Gregorian University") in [Rome](/wiki/Rome "Rome"), was professor of Dogmatic and Ecumenical Theology at the Seminary for many years, where he founded the magazine *Studia patavina* and left several works.{{Cite journal \|last\=Pezzi \|first\=Ilda \|year\=1999 \|title\=Il rapporto tra la pneumatologia e l'ecclesiologia nella teologia italiana post\-conciliare \|journal\=Pontificia Universidade Gregoriana \|pages\=80–84}} According to Paola Zampieri, he is considered one of the fathers of modern Italian theology. For Antonio Ricupero, who did his doctorate on his work, the synthesis of his thought can be expressed in the phrase "faith is the leaven of history," adding: "In his theology, we read a creative reception of the innovations of the [Second Vatican Council](/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council "Second Vatican Council"), in which he was able to grasp the vital germs and the paths susceptible of new developments. \[...] Sartori followed the events of his time with passion and participation, inside and outside the church, trying to discern in them the role and the creative force of the Spirit who guides toward the future. In my opinion, the roots of the continuity of the coherent witness he gave in his life and the interpretative key to all his vast theological production lie in the profound and vital relationship between faith and history".{{Cite journal \|last\=Zamperi \|first\=Paola \|year\=2016 \|title\=Il senso dell'itinerario teologico di Luigi Sartori \|url\=https://www.fttr.it/il\-senso\-dellitinerario\-teologico\-di\-luigi\-sartori/ \|journal\=Facoltà Teologia del Triveneto News Letter \|issue\=2}}
[left\|thumb\|Amalia Sartori.](/wiki/File:Amalia_Sartori.jpg "Amalia Sartori.jpg")
Amalia, also known as Lia, born in Valdastico in 1947 but descended from the branch of Roana, was a teacher, member of the [European Parliament](/wiki/European_Parliament "European Parliament") for three terms, holding several positions, including:{{Cite work \|last\=Bortoli \|first\=Giancarlo \|title\=Donne dell'Altopiano dei 7 Comuni. Figure attuali e del passato che fanno riflettere \|url\=http://www.giancarlobortoli.it/pdf/articoli/DONNE%20DELL'ALTOPIANO%20DEI%207%20COMUNI.pdf \|journal\=}} Chair of the [Committee on Industry](/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_Industry%2C_Research_and_Energy "European Parliament Committee on Industry, Research and Energy"), Research and Energy; Vice\-chair of the Delegation to the EU\-Bulgaria Joint Parliamentary Committee and of the Delegation for relations with the [NATO](/wiki/NATO "NATO") Parliamentary Assembly. She was also member of the Delegation for relations with the Andean Community countries; of the Delegation for relations with the United States; of the [Conference of Committee Chairs](/wiki/Committees_of_the_European_Parliament "Committees of the European Parliament"); of the Committees on Economic and Monetary Affairs; on Women's Rights and Equal Opportunities; on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety; on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs; and on Budgets, but was accused of illegal funding to the parties involved in the Venice [MOSE Project](/wiki/MOSE "MOSE").{{Cite web \|title\=Amalia SARTORI \|url\=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/pt/4423/AMALIA\_SARTORI/history/5\#detailedcardmep \|access\-date\=2023\-01\-23 \|website\=Parlamento Europeu\|date\=2 August 1947 }}{{Cite web \|date\=2014\-07\-02 \|title\=Mose, ex europarlamentare Lia Sartori agli arresti domiciliari \|url\=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2014/07/02/mose\-ex\-europarlamentare\-lia\-sartori\-ai\-domiciliari/1046947/ \|website\=Il Fatto Quotidiano}}
From Lusiana can be cited Bonato, procurator of the commune for the collection of taxes in 1572; *[messere](/wiki/Messere "Messere")* Marco, son of Bonato, one of the guarantors in a commercial contract made in Roana in 1590; Baptista, son of Gasparo son of Bonato, dean of Lusiana; Bortolo, one of the governors of the commune in 1787;{{Cite book \|title\=Archivio storico pre\-unitario del Comune di Lusiana 1454\-1916 \|publisher\=Comune di Lusiana \|year\=2002 \|pages\=23}} the physician Zuane, active in Oliero (Valstagna) at the beginning of the 17th century;{{Cite journal \|last\=Bartolini \|first\=Donatella \|year\=2006 \|title\=Medici e comunità: esempi dalla terraferma veneta dei secoli XVI e XVII \|journal\=Deputazione di Storia Patria per le Venezie \|pages\=161}} the "clearest" priest Francesco (\*1774\), abbot, vice\-adjutor of the Parish of St. Andrew in Padua in 1816, and parish priest of St. Paul in [Monselice](/wiki/Monselice "Monselice") in 1819; Father Domenico (\*1800\), rector of the Church of St. Stephen in [Carpenedolo](/wiki/Carpenedolo "Carpenedolo") in 1836\.{{Cite book \|title\=Stato personale del clero della città e diocesi di Padova \|publisher\=Tip. del Seminario \|year\=1852}}
Giovanni Antoni, from Foza, was nuncio to the Federation in 1696\.{{Cite book \|last\=Turrina \|first\=Giulia \|title\=Archivio della regenza dei Sette Comuni \|publisher\=Archivio Storico di Asiago \|year\=2015 \|pages\=40}} In Enego, around 1700, there is Antonio, a lumberman and one of the witnesses in the beatification process of [Gregorio Barbarigo](/wiki/Gregorio_Barbarigo "Gregorio Barbarigo").{{Cite book \|last\=Gios \|first\=Pierantonio \|title\=La chiesa e la comunità di Asiago: dal 14\. al 20\. secolo \|publisher\=Comune di Asiago, Ufficio patrimonio e ambiente \|year\=1998 \|pages\=88}} Domenico was receiver of [Rotzo](/wiki/Rotzo "Rotzo") at the beginning of the 20th century.{{Cite book \|last\=Stern \|first\=Mario Rigoni \|title\=1915\-1918: la guerra sugli altipiani: testimonianze di soldati al fronte \|publisher\=Pozza \|year\=2000 \|pages\=630}}
[thumb\|Giambattista Sartori Pertile.](/wiki/File:Giambattista_Sartori_Pertile.jpg "Giambattista Sartori Pertile.jpg")
From Asiago, capital of the Federation, can be mentioned Giovanni Steffano, one of the governors of the city in 1683; in 1713, signor Giovanni Gregorio was nuncio to the Federation in Venice, presenting the situation of the region with many witnesses and making many complaints about the shortages the population was experiencing because of wars, plagues and natural disasters; in 1716, Francesco was nuncio to Venice and in charge of settling a dispute regarding the Federation customs.{{Cite book \|title\=Privilegi originari ducali, decreti, terminazioni, e giudizi esecutivi delli Sette Communi e sue contrade \|year\=1800 \|pages\=110–286}} Father Domenico was chaplain of [St. Bartholomew](/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle "Bartholomew the Apostle")'s in Fara in the 19th century. Giambattista Pertile (1801\-1884\), son of Cristiano and Antonia Sartori, was a priest, doctor of theology, chaplain of the [Lombardo\-Venetian](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia "Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia") National Guard, professor of Italian language and literature at the Academy of Languages in Vienna, [laureate](/wiki/Laureate "Laureate") professor of ecclesiastical law at the [University of Pavia](/wiki/University_of_Pavia "University of Pavia"), where he was rector between 1846 and 1847, lecturer in international law at the [University of Padua](/wiki/University_of_Padua "University of Padua"), and left several books; for his merits, he received the [Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus](/wiki/Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus "Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus") with the rank of Officer and the [Order of the Crown of Italy](/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Italy "Order of the Crown of Italy") with the rank of Commander.
Jacopo Mattielli, son of Leonardo and Caterina Sartori, born in 1819, graduated as a doctor in Padua, worked in the House of Health, and during the unification wars, proved to be a fierce patriot, being exiled by the [Austrian](/wiki/Austria "Austria") government in 1849, going to [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland "Switzerland"), where he remained until 1853\. He then returned to Padua, where he made a reputation in medicine, dying in 1899\. He left a number of writings, including a biography of the physician Gian Giacomo Mazzola, a compilation of historical facts from Asiago, and a treatise on the [history of medicine](/wiki/History_of_medicine "History of medicine") in the 18th century.
Gallio produced several notable priests. Giovan Domenico, son of Lunardo de Gallio, was a councilor in 1604\.{{Cite book \|title\=Studi Veneziani \|publisher\=Serra \|year\=2008}} Giandomenico Paccanaro (1745\-1801\), son of Pierantonio and Elisabetta Sartori, abbot, doctor of mathematics and philosophy, taught physics at the University of Padua and was highly praised as a professor of philosophy. He was a member of the *[Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati](/wiki/Accademia_Roveretana_degli_Agiati "Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati")* and of the *Accademia Patavina di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti.*{{Cite book \|title\=Breve ragguaglio intorno alla vita di d. Marcantonio Rizzi \|publisher\=Andreolo \|year\=1859 \|pages\=10}}{{Cite book \|last1\=Casellato \|first1\=Sandra \|title\=Professori e scienziati a Padova nel Settecento \|last2\=Rea \|first2\=Luciana Sitran \|publisher\=Antilia \|year\=2002 \|pages\=245}} *Giacomo* (\*1813\), curate of St. Michael in Arlesega in 1851, parish preacher of Vanzo in 1857, and curate of [Santa Maria Assunta](/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary "Assumption of Mary") in Padua in 1871\.
[thumb\|Lápide commemorativa da beneficência de don Francesco Sartori, instalada na igreja paroquial de Campese, 1898\.](/wiki/File:Francesco_Sartori_-_Campese.jpg "Francesco Sartori - Campese.jpg")
Francesco (1826\-1897\), son of Carlo and Catherine Finco, studied at the Seminary of Padua and was ordained a priest in 1849\. He was chaplain of Saint Bartholomew in Crosara, parish priest in Mellame, and then took over as archpriest of the parish of Campese, in Bassano, where he was highly esteemed for his pastoral work. He restored the [Benedictine](/wiki/Benedictines "Benedictines") monastery in 1855 and the parish church in 1870, which was declared a National Monument in 1878; he was a poet, a prolific historian, and for his merits was awarded the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus in the rank of Knight.{{Cite book \|last\=Bortoli \|first\=Giancarlo \|title\=Gallio: Vicenze di Uomini e di Paese \|publisher\=Amministrazione Comunale di Gallio \|year\=1990}}
Cristiano (1818\-1889\), son of Lorenzo and Elena Pertile, was parish priest of St. Giacomo in Lusiana, rector of St. Anthony Abbot in Valstagna, archpriest of St. Michael in [Selvazzano](/wiki/Selvazzano_Dentro "Selvazzano Dentro") and [prebendary](/wiki/Prebendary "Prebendary") in Mandriola;{{Cite book \|last\=Bertolotti \|first\=Giuseppe \|title\=Statistica ecclesiastica d'Italia \|publisher\=Ricci \|year\=1886 \|pages\=208}} he joined the Austrian army to fight the French in the Brenta valley and, with the rank of Major, commanded a company that was part of the Walden Column.{{Cite book \|last\=Tivaroni \|first\=Carlo \|title\=L'Italia durante il dominio francese \|publisher\=Roux \|year\=1892 \|pages\=235}} His brother Carlo (\*1832\) studied in Gallio and Valstagna, and graduated in theology, Philosophy and Humanities at the Seminary of Padua, where he was professor of Italian Literature, Mathematics and Ecclesiastical History. Ordained a priest in 1860, he was also noted for his activity in social causes, being a great preacher, confessor, [apostolic protonotary](/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic "Protonotary apostolic"), canon of the [Cathedral of Padua](/wiki/Padua_Cathedral "Padua Cathedral") and chancellor of the diocesan presidency of the Schools of Christian Doctrine. He left many writings, including [panegyrics](/wiki/Panegyric "Panegyric"), biographies, doctrinal and devotional works, poems, and historical works. His other brother Francesco (1835\-1903\) did his [gymnasium](/wiki/Gymnasium_%28school%29 "Gymnasium (school)") in Bassano and graduated in Philosophy and Theology at the Seminary of Padua. Ordained a priest in 1858, he was chaplain in [Anguillara](/wiki/Anguillara_Sabazia "Anguillara Sabazia") and prebendate of Count Capodilista in Selvazzano, where Cristiano was archpriest. In 1889, when his brother died, he obtained his prebend from the Count of Sambonifacio in Mandriola. He left numerous historical works, as well as prosopographies of noble families, biographies, catechisms, and devotional works, receiving the approval and friendship of many scholars.
Lorenzo (1805\-1885\) was [archpriest](/wiki/Archpriest "Archpriest") of St. Bartholomew's in Gallio, rector of St. George's in Perlena, vicar of St. Andrew's in Padua, spiritual director and rector of the Seminary of Padua, dean of the Cathedral Chapter, and vicar general of the [diocese](/wiki/Diocese "Diocese").{{Cite book \|last\=Lanzi \|first\=Estore \|title\=Almanacco ecclesiastico della città e provincia di Vicenza \|publisher\=Amadio \|year\=1936 \|pages\=80}} Antonio Domenico was secretary to the bishop of Ceneda, counselor of the Academy of Philosophy at the University of Padua, treatise on theology, teacher and historian, whose masterpiece is the much cited *La Storia della Federazione dei Sette Comuni* (1956\). He is the name of a street in Gallio.
The group of the Seven Communes produced many other minor priests, such as Domenico (Lusiana), rector of St. Stephen's in Carpenedo in 1836;{{Cite book \|title\=Almanacco diocesano di Padova \|publisher\=Tipografia del seminario \|year\=1839 \|pages\=47}} Domenico (Asiago, 1825\), curate chaplain of St. Bartholomew's in Fara; Francesco (Gallio, 1835\), curated chaplain of St. Michael in Selvazzano; Catterino (Rotzo, 1839\), curated chaplain of St. Vescovano in Vescovana; Francesco (Lusiana, 1839\), parish priest of St. Giacomo and St. Giustina in Padua.
|
[
"### Seven Communes",
"[thumb\\|Topographical map of the Seven Communes region.](/wiki/File:SetteComuni1850.jpg \"SetteComuni1850.jpg\")\nCentered in Roana, a member of the [Federation of Seven Communes](/wiki/Sette_Comuni \"Sette Comuni\") of the Vincentian plateau (plus Asiago, Lusiana, Enego, Foza, Gallio, and Rotzo), the surrounding localities have been marked by the presence of the Sartori since the 14th century, either through property ownership or residence. However, the context of the region did not favor the survivalof the old feudal nobility of the family. In 1405, the Federation submitted to [Venice](/wiki/Venice \"Venice\") and was made a district of Vicenza, which maintained a captain or vicar there, preserving, however, a great autonomy, its customs and its old fiscal and commercial privileges. By the 16th century, the region's fiefdoms were almost all extinct, as since the 13th century, the communes had been jointly consolidating a system of [semi\\-democratic](/wiki/Anocracy \"Anocracy\") communal government known as *[vicinanza](/wiki/Vicinanza \"Vicinanza\")*, with a local council made up of all the heads of households, able to legislate locally, appoint administrative officials, and oversee public accounts, as well as a dean (head of state with ceremonial and representative functions), and a syndic (head of government with executive functions). The capital of the Federation was Asiago, where the Regency met, a council consisting of one or two ministers from each commune under the coordination of a chancellor, who centralized the federative administration and foreign policy, arbitrated disputes, and appointed the [nuncios](/wiki/Nuncio \"Nuncio\") (procurators of the Regency in some other city). The administration of justice and military defense, however, were largely in charge of the [podesteria](/wiki/Podest%C3%A0 \"Podestà\") of Vicenza, representing the Venetian government. Most of the territory was collectively owned, indivisible and inalienable, and there was no division of society into rigid estates, no formal class of nobles, and no legal definition of nobility. Even so, there was a bourgeois patriciate made up of the wealthiest and most cultured families and those who obtained the highest public offices.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Pietribiasi \\|first\\=Fabio \\|year\\=2014 \\|title\\=La Spettabile Reggenza dei Sette Comuni. Breve analisi di un federalismo incompiuto \\|url\\=http://www.giancarlobortoli.it/pdf/articoli/IL%20FEDERALSIMO%20DEI%207%20COMUNI.pdf \\|journal\\=Quaderno di Cultura Cimbra}}Bianchi, Francesco. \"Una società di montagna in una terra di confine: l'altopiano dei Sette Comuni vicentini nel primo Cinquecento\". In: Panciera, Walter (ed.). *Questioni di confine e terre di frontiera in area veneta. Secoli XVI\\-XVIII*. FrancoAngeli, 2009, pp. 19\\-88",
"Categoria\n```\nThe nineteenth-century historian Giuseppe Nalli said that the family's presence honored the Seven Communes.\n```",
"Some members are recorded in the region with noble titles, such as Bonato, Marco and Giovanni Martino, but the sources do not clarify how they were obtained.{{Cite book \\|title\\=Archivio veneto \\|publisher\\=Regia Deputazione di Storia Patria \\|year\\=2005 \\|pages\\=143}}\n[left\\|thumb\\|Mount Erio in Roana, former Sartori property..](/wiki/File:Monte_Erio.jpg \"Monte Erio.jpg\")\nIn Roana, in addition to the fief received from Bishop Andrea dei Mozzi in 1295, which gave rise to the *contrada* Sartori, they owned the Erio and Verena mountains, the fief of Verenetta and other properties.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Brentari \\|first\\=Ottone \\|year\\=1885 \\|title\\=Guida storico\\-alpina di Bassano\\-Sette Comuni: canale di Brenta, Marostica, Possagno, con carta della regione \\|journal\\=Sante Posszto \\|pages\\=177}} According to Alessandro Scandale, the family was one of the protagonists in the legal separation of Roana from [Rotzo](/wiki/Rotzo \"Rotzo\") and its constitution as a new commune in 1300\\.{{Cite web \\|last\\=Scandale \\|first\\=Alessandro \\|date\\=2012\\-12\\-08 \\|title\\=Margareta e Frà dolcino, amore e libertà \\|url\\=https://ladomenicadivicenza.gruppovideomedia.it/a\\_ITA\\_4925\\_1\\.html \\|website\\=Domenica di Vicenza}}",
"Marco de Roana was a *[condottiero](/wiki/Condottiero \"Condottiero\")* in the service of the Republic of Venice, distinguishing himself in the wars against the [Ottomans](/wiki/Ottoman_Turks \"Ottoman Turks\") at the end of the 17th century. He was captain during the siege of [Budapest](/wiki/Budapest \"Budapest\") and governor of Venetian Dalmatia (today in [Montenegro](/wiki/Montenegro \"Montenegro\")).{{Cite journal \\|last\\=D'Ancora \\|first\\=Enzo \\|year\\=1937 \\|title\\=Annuario generale della provincia di Vicenza \\|journal\\=Arti Grafiche delle Venezie}}{{Cite web \\|title\\=Storia Militare della Popolazione Cimbra \\|url\\=https://www.serenissimogoverno.eu/2006/02/23/storia\\-militare\\-della\\-popolazione\\-cimbra/ \\|access\\-date\\=2022\\-12\\-18 \\|website\\=Veneto Serenissimo Governo\\|date\\=23 February 2006 }} He fought bravely at [Grahovo](/wiki/Grahovo_%28region%29 \"Grahovo (region)\"), a crucial place to contain the advance of the Ottomans.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Todeschini \\|first\\=Umberto \\|year\\=2012 \\|title\\=La Ca' Terza \\|journal\\=Sarcedo Storia \\& Cultura \\|issue\\=11}} According to a report of July 19, 1690 from the Venetian Provider Nicolò Erizzo to the Senate, \"General Sartori has rendered fruitful service in Grahovo, showing great prudence in transmitting my instructions to the inhabitants of that plain in order that they remain faithful to the Most Serene Majesty, and has succeeded very well in dispelling the hesitation in which they were walking regarding whether or not to submit to the pasha of Herzegovina\". He goes on to say that he commissioned Sartori to inspect two advanced detachments, which he did with a force of 40 armed peasants and 30 soldiers, finding them in extreme disorder, when he was attacked by 400 Ottoman horsemen who recognized him. He defended himself with his soldiers and two peasants, while the others fled:{{Cite journal \\|year\\=1896 \\|title\\=Il Montenegro, da relazione dei provveditori veneti (1687\\-1735\\) \\|url\\=http://asa.archiviostudiadriatici.it/islandora/object/libria:119112/datastream/PDF/content/libria\\_119112\\.pdf \\|journal\\=Roma \\|pages\\=70–86}}\n> Furious was the attack, but intrepid was the resistance, and after three hours of bloody and uncertain combat, the impetus and valor of those few Christians prevailed over the enemy, though reinforced by their own infantry, who, fighting generously, opened the way for an honorable retreat, taking refuge in the Tower with the only loss of 14 of their companions, and seven other men, who with several villagers, distinguished themselves in reinforcing the former, bravely sacrificing themselves in your lordship's glorious service, not without first causing considerable havoc among the boldest Turks, among whom was the commander of Nevisigne, who was also killed. \\[...] Marco Sartori, bravely sustaining with his few soldiers the aggression of the barbarians, and repelling the temerity of the boldest, fulfilling in this as in the other battles of those memorable hardships the function that was his, is credited with the merit of a good officer and faithful subject of Your Lordships, whom I recommend to reward him with a gold medal.",
"In the 17th century, Griguolo, son of Zan, was dean of Roana. In 1702, the nobleman Giovanni Martino, son of Tommaso e married to Angela Cerato degli Orsini of Valdastico, died in Roana. At the time, his family still very rich and notable. In 1729, brothers Marco, Francesco and Fabbio founded a chapel in the *contrada* Sartori, dedicated to [St. Philip Neri](/wiki/Philip_Neri \"Philip Neri\"), destroyed in [World War I](/wiki/World_War_I \"World War I\") and restored in 1931\\.{{Cite web \\|title\\=Atlante delle parrocchie. Diocesi do Padova. Roana \\|url\\=http://www.parrocchiemap.it/parrocchiemap/other/atlante.jsp?icsc\\=7610435 \\|website\\=La Difesa del Popolo}} In 1743, the Regency appointed Fabbio, doctor of laws, as plenipotentiary nuncio in Vicenza, charged with the task of settling a dispute between the Seven Communes and the commune of [Montecchio Maggiore](/wiki/Montecchio_Maggiore \"Montecchio Maggiore\"), and in 1745 gave fundamental legal help in the process of recovering the lost privileges of the Federation customs.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Gloria \\|first\\=Andrea \\|year\\=1851 \\|title\\=Leggi sul Pensionatico emanate per le Provincie Venete dal 1200 a' di nostri \\|journal\\=Bianchi \\|pages\\=169}} Giovanni Battista (\\*1830\\) was rector of the Church of [Saint Justina](/wiki/Cyprian_and_Justina \"Cyprian and Justina\") in Roana and festive chaplain in Cesuna.\n[thumb\\|Romeo Sartori Airport in Asiago.](/wiki/File:Aerial_image_of_the_Asiago_airfield.jpg \"Aerial image of the Asiago airfield.jpg\")\nCorrado, a World War I artillery lieutenant and aerial reconnaissance specialist, was awarded the Silver [Medal of Military Valor](/wiki/Medal_of_Military_Valor \"Medal of Military Valor\") by the War Ministry for the \"singular skill\" of his technical work and for being a \"constant example of contempt for all danger, of self\\-denial and steadfastness\".{{Cite journal \\|year\\=1918 \\|title\\=Ricompense al valor militare per la campagna di guerra 1915\\-1918 \\|journal\\=Bollettino Ufficiale \\- Ministero della Guerra \\|issue\\=52}} Romeo Arturo (1897\\-1933\\), fighter pilot during World War I, served in several squadrons; distinguished for bravery, he was promoted to sergeant and received the Bronze and Silver Medals of Military Valor. After the war, he served as a flight instructor and test pilot, and often exhibited himself as a pilot of aerobatics and simulated combat, winning competitions such as the *Circuito delle Marche* in 1921 and the I *Convegno Aereo Nazionale of Florence* in 1922, as well as representing Italy in an international championship in [Geneva](/wiki/Geneva \"Geneva\") in 1925\\. Dead in a plane crash, he received other honors, such as the Medal of the Italo\\-Austrian War 1915–1918, the Medal of Italian Unity, and the Medal of Victory; his name is the name of a street in Roana and of the Asiago airport.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Mancini \\|first\\=Luigi \\|title\\=Grande Enciclopedia Aeronautica \\|publisher\\=Edizioni Aeronautica \\|year\\=1936 \\|pages\\=542}}",
"[Luigi](/wiki/Luigi_Sartori \"Luigi Sartori\") (1924\\-2007\\), ordained priest in 1946, graduated in theology at the Diocesan Seminary of [Padua](/wiki/Padua \"Padua\"), specialized in [Ecclesiology](/wiki/Ecclesiology \"Ecclesiology\") and doctorate at the [Pontifical Gregorian University](/wiki/Pontifical_Gregorian_University \"Pontifical Gregorian University\") in [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\"), was professor of Dogmatic and Ecumenical Theology at the Seminary for many years, where he founded the magazine *Studia patavina* and left several works.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Pezzi \\|first\\=Ilda \\|year\\=1999 \\|title\\=Il rapporto tra la pneumatologia e l'ecclesiologia nella teologia italiana post\\-conciliare \\|journal\\=Pontificia Universidade Gregoriana \\|pages\\=80–84}} According to Paola Zampieri, he is considered one of the fathers of modern Italian theology. For Antonio Ricupero, who did his doctorate on his work, the synthesis of his thought can be expressed in the phrase \"faith is the leaven of history,\" adding: \"In his theology, we read a creative reception of the innovations of the [Second Vatican Council](/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council \"Second Vatican Council\"), in which he was able to grasp the vital germs and the paths susceptible of new developments. \\[...] Sartori followed the events of his time with passion and participation, inside and outside the church, trying to discern in them the role and the creative force of the Spirit who guides toward the future. In my opinion, the roots of the continuity of the coherent witness he gave in his life and the interpretative key to all his vast theological production lie in the profound and vital relationship between faith and history\".{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Zamperi \\|first\\=Paola \\|year\\=2016 \\|title\\=Il senso dell'itinerario teologico di Luigi Sartori \\|url\\=https://www.fttr.it/il\\-senso\\-dellitinerario\\-teologico\\-di\\-luigi\\-sartori/ \\|journal\\=Facoltà Teologia del Triveneto News Letter \\|issue\\=2}}\n[left\\|thumb\\|Amalia Sartori.](/wiki/File:Amalia_Sartori.jpg \"Amalia Sartori.jpg\")\nAmalia, also known as Lia, born in Valdastico in 1947 but descended from the branch of Roana, was a teacher, member of the [European Parliament](/wiki/European_Parliament \"European Parliament\") for three terms, holding several positions, including:{{Cite work \\|last\\=Bortoli \\|first\\=Giancarlo \\|title\\=Donne dell'Altopiano dei 7 Comuni. Figure attuali e del passato che fanno riflettere \\|url\\=http://www.giancarlobortoli.it/pdf/articoli/DONNE%20DELL'ALTOPIANO%20DEI%207%20COMUNI.pdf \\|journal\\=}} Chair of the [Committee on Industry](/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_Industry%2C_Research_and_Energy \"European Parliament Committee on Industry, Research and Energy\"), Research and Energy; Vice\\-chair of the Delegation to the EU\\-Bulgaria Joint Parliamentary Committee and of the Delegation for relations with the [NATO](/wiki/NATO \"NATO\") Parliamentary Assembly. She was also member of the Delegation for relations with the Andean Community countries; of the Delegation for relations with the United States; of the [Conference of Committee Chairs](/wiki/Committees_of_the_European_Parliament \"Committees of the European Parliament\"); of the Committees on Economic and Monetary Affairs; on Women's Rights and Equal Opportunities; on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety; on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs; and on Budgets, but was accused of illegal funding to the parties involved in the Venice [MOSE Project](/wiki/MOSE \"MOSE\").{{Cite web \\|title\\=Amalia SARTORI \\|url\\=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/pt/4423/AMALIA\\_SARTORI/history/5\\#detailedcardmep \\|access\\-date\\=2023\\-01\\-23 \\|website\\=Parlamento Europeu\\|date\\=2 August 1947 }}{{Cite web \\|date\\=2014\\-07\\-02 \\|title\\=Mose, ex europarlamentare Lia Sartori agli arresti domiciliari \\|url\\=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2014/07/02/mose\\-ex\\-europarlamentare\\-lia\\-sartori\\-ai\\-domiciliari/1046947/ \\|website\\=Il Fatto Quotidiano}}",
"From Lusiana can be cited Bonato, procurator of the commune for the collection of taxes in 1572; *[messere](/wiki/Messere \"Messere\")* Marco, son of Bonato, one of the guarantors in a commercial contract made in Roana in 1590; Baptista, son of Gasparo son of Bonato, dean of Lusiana; Bortolo, one of the governors of the commune in 1787;{{Cite book \\|title\\=Archivio storico pre\\-unitario del Comune di Lusiana 1454\\-1916 \\|publisher\\=Comune di Lusiana \\|year\\=2002 \\|pages\\=23}} the physician Zuane, active in Oliero (Valstagna) at the beginning of the 17th century;{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Bartolini \\|first\\=Donatella \\|year\\=2006 \\|title\\=Medici e comunità: esempi dalla terraferma veneta dei secoli XVI e XVII \\|journal\\=Deputazione di Storia Patria per le Venezie \\|pages\\=161}} the \"clearest\" priest Francesco (\\*1774\\), abbot, vice\\-adjutor of the Parish of St. Andrew in Padua in 1816, and parish priest of St. Paul in [Monselice](/wiki/Monselice \"Monselice\") in 1819; Father Domenico (\\*1800\\), rector of the Church of St. Stephen in [Carpenedolo](/wiki/Carpenedolo \"Carpenedolo\") in 1836\\.{{Cite book \\|title\\=Stato personale del clero della città e diocesi di Padova \\|publisher\\=Tip. del Seminario \\|year\\=1852}}",
"Giovanni Antoni, from Foza, was nuncio to the Federation in 1696\\.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Turrina \\|first\\=Giulia \\|title\\=Archivio della regenza dei Sette Comuni \\|publisher\\=Archivio Storico di Asiago \\|year\\=2015 \\|pages\\=40}} In Enego, around 1700, there is Antonio, a lumberman and one of the witnesses in the beatification process of [Gregorio Barbarigo](/wiki/Gregorio_Barbarigo \"Gregorio Barbarigo\").{{Cite book \\|last\\=Gios \\|first\\=Pierantonio \\|title\\=La chiesa e la comunità di Asiago: dal 14\\. al 20\\. secolo \\|publisher\\=Comune di Asiago, Ufficio patrimonio e ambiente \\|year\\=1998 \\|pages\\=88}} Domenico was receiver of [Rotzo](/wiki/Rotzo \"Rotzo\") at the beginning of the 20th century.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Stern \\|first\\=Mario Rigoni \\|title\\=1915\\-1918: la guerra sugli altipiani: testimonianze di soldati al fronte \\|publisher\\=Pozza \\|year\\=2000 \\|pages\\=630}}\n[thumb\\|Giambattista Sartori Pertile.](/wiki/File:Giambattista_Sartori_Pertile.jpg \"Giambattista Sartori Pertile.jpg\")\nFrom Asiago, capital of the Federation, can be mentioned Giovanni Steffano, one of the governors of the city in 1683; in 1713, signor Giovanni Gregorio was nuncio to the Federation in Venice, presenting the situation of the region with many witnesses and making many complaints about the shortages the population was experiencing because of wars, plagues and natural disasters; in 1716, Francesco was nuncio to Venice and in charge of settling a dispute regarding the Federation customs.{{Cite book \\|title\\=Privilegi originari ducali, decreti, terminazioni, e giudizi esecutivi delli Sette Communi e sue contrade \\|year\\=1800 \\|pages\\=110–286}} Father Domenico was chaplain of [St. Bartholomew](/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle \"Bartholomew the Apostle\")'s in Fara in the 19th century. Giambattista Pertile (1801\\-1884\\), son of Cristiano and Antonia Sartori, was a priest, doctor of theology, chaplain of the [Lombardo\\-Venetian](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia \"Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia\") National Guard, professor of Italian language and literature at the Academy of Languages in Vienna, [laureate](/wiki/Laureate \"Laureate\") professor of ecclesiastical law at the [University of Pavia](/wiki/University_of_Pavia \"University of Pavia\"), where he was rector between 1846 and 1847, lecturer in international law at the [University of Padua](/wiki/University_of_Padua \"University of Padua\"), and left several books; for his merits, he received the [Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus](/wiki/Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus \"Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus\") with the rank of Officer and the [Order of the Crown of Italy](/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Italy \"Order of the Crown of Italy\") with the rank of Commander.",
"Jacopo Mattielli, son of Leonardo and Caterina Sartori, born in 1819, graduated as a doctor in Padua, worked in the House of Health, and during the unification wars, proved to be a fierce patriot, being exiled by the [Austrian](/wiki/Austria \"Austria\") government in 1849, going to [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\"), where he remained until 1853\\. He then returned to Padua, where he made a reputation in medicine, dying in 1899\\. He left a number of writings, including a biography of the physician Gian Giacomo Mazzola, a compilation of historical facts from Asiago, and a treatise on the [history of medicine](/wiki/History_of_medicine \"History of medicine\") in the 18th century.",
"Gallio produced several notable priests. Giovan Domenico, son of Lunardo de Gallio, was a councilor in 1604\\.{{Cite book \\|title\\=Studi Veneziani \\|publisher\\=Serra \\|year\\=2008}} Giandomenico Paccanaro (1745\\-1801\\), son of Pierantonio and Elisabetta Sartori, abbot, doctor of mathematics and philosophy, taught physics at the University of Padua and was highly praised as a professor of philosophy. He was a member of the *[Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati](/wiki/Accademia_Roveretana_degli_Agiati \"Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati\")* and of the *Accademia Patavina di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti.*{{Cite book \\|title\\=Breve ragguaglio intorno alla vita di d. Marcantonio Rizzi \\|publisher\\=Andreolo \\|year\\=1859 \\|pages\\=10}}{{Cite book \\|last1\\=Casellato \\|first1\\=Sandra \\|title\\=Professori e scienziati a Padova nel Settecento \\|last2\\=Rea \\|first2\\=Luciana Sitran \\|publisher\\=Antilia \\|year\\=2002 \\|pages\\=245}} *Giacomo* (\\*1813\\), curate of St. Michael in Arlesega in 1851, parish preacher of Vanzo in 1857, and curate of [Santa Maria Assunta](/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary \"Assumption of Mary\") in Padua in 1871\\.\n[thumb\\|Lápide commemorativa da beneficência de don Francesco Sartori, instalada na igreja paroquial de Campese, 1898\\.](/wiki/File:Francesco_Sartori_-_Campese.jpg \"Francesco Sartori - Campese.jpg\")\nFrancesco (1826\\-1897\\), son of Carlo and Catherine Finco, studied at the Seminary of Padua and was ordained a priest in 1849\\. He was chaplain of Saint Bartholomew in Crosara, parish priest in Mellame, and then took over as archpriest of the parish of Campese, in Bassano, where he was highly esteemed for his pastoral work. He restored the [Benedictine](/wiki/Benedictines \"Benedictines\") monastery in 1855 and the parish church in 1870, which was declared a National Monument in 1878; he was a poet, a prolific historian, and for his merits was awarded the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus in the rank of Knight.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Bortoli \\|first\\=Giancarlo \\|title\\=Gallio: Vicenze di Uomini e di Paese \\|publisher\\=Amministrazione Comunale di Gallio \\|year\\=1990}}",
"Cristiano (1818\\-1889\\), son of Lorenzo and Elena Pertile, was parish priest of St. Giacomo in Lusiana, rector of St. Anthony Abbot in Valstagna, archpriest of St. Michael in [Selvazzano](/wiki/Selvazzano_Dentro \"Selvazzano Dentro\") and [prebendary](/wiki/Prebendary \"Prebendary\") in Mandriola;{{Cite book \\|last\\=Bertolotti \\|first\\=Giuseppe \\|title\\=Statistica ecclesiastica d'Italia \\|publisher\\=Ricci \\|year\\=1886 \\|pages\\=208}} he joined the Austrian army to fight the French in the Brenta valley and, with the rank of Major, commanded a company that was part of the Walden Column.{{Cite book \\|last\\=Tivaroni \\|first\\=Carlo \\|title\\=L'Italia durante il dominio francese \\|publisher\\=Roux \\|year\\=1892 \\|pages\\=235}} His brother Carlo (\\*1832\\) studied in Gallio and Valstagna, and graduated in theology, Philosophy and Humanities at the Seminary of Padua, where he was professor of Italian Literature, Mathematics and Ecclesiastical History. Ordained a priest in 1860, he was also noted for his activity in social causes, being a great preacher, confessor, [apostolic protonotary](/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic \"Protonotary apostolic\"), canon of the [Cathedral of Padua](/wiki/Padua_Cathedral \"Padua Cathedral\") and chancellor of the diocesan presidency of the Schools of Christian Doctrine. He left many writings, including [panegyrics](/wiki/Panegyric \"Panegyric\"), biographies, doctrinal and devotional works, poems, and historical works. His other brother Francesco (1835\\-1903\\) did his [gymnasium](/wiki/Gymnasium_%28school%29 \"Gymnasium (school)\") in Bassano and graduated in Philosophy and Theology at the Seminary of Padua. Ordained a priest in 1858, he was chaplain in [Anguillara](/wiki/Anguillara_Sabazia \"Anguillara Sabazia\") and prebendate of Count Capodilista in Selvazzano, where Cristiano was archpriest. In 1889, when his brother died, he obtained his prebend from the Count of Sambonifacio in Mandriola. He left numerous historical works, as well as prosopographies of noble families, biographies, catechisms, and devotional works, receiving the approval and friendship of many scholars.",
"Lorenzo (1805\\-1885\\) was [archpriest](/wiki/Archpriest \"Archpriest\") of St. Bartholomew's in Gallio, rector of St. George's in Perlena, vicar of St. Andrew's in Padua, spiritual director and rector of the Seminary of Padua, dean of the Cathedral Chapter, and vicar general of the [diocese](/wiki/Diocese \"Diocese\").{{Cite book \\|last\\=Lanzi \\|first\\=Estore \\|title\\=Almanacco ecclesiastico della città e provincia di Vicenza \\|publisher\\=Amadio \\|year\\=1936 \\|pages\\=80}} Antonio Domenico was secretary to the bishop of Ceneda, counselor of the Academy of Philosophy at the University of Padua, treatise on theology, teacher and historian, whose masterpiece is the much cited *La Storia della Federazione dei Sette Comuni* (1956\\). He is the name of a street in Gallio.",
"The group of the Seven Communes produced many other minor priests, such as Domenico (Lusiana), rector of St. Stephen's in Carpenedo in 1836;{{Cite book \\|title\\=Almanacco diocesano di Padova \\|publisher\\=Tipografia del seminario \\|year\\=1839 \\|pages\\=47}} Domenico (Asiago, 1825\\), curate chaplain of St. Bartholomew's in Fara; Francesco (Gallio, 1835\\), curated chaplain of St. Michael in Selvazzano; Catterino (Rotzo, 1839\\), curated chaplain of St. Vescovano in Vescovana; Francesco (Lusiana, 1839\\), parish priest of St. Giacomo and St. Giustina in Padua.",
""
] |
Regular season
--------------
### Transactions
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{hidden
\| header \= Regular season roster changes
\| titlestyle \= {{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}}
\| content \=
;Additions
\* On September 8, the Bears signed \[\[Ahmad Dixon]].{{cite web\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/08/bears\-sign\-s\-ahmad\-dixon\-waive\-cb\-demontre\-hurst/\|title\=Bears Sign S Ahmad Dixon, Waive CB Demontre Hurst\|work\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=September 8, 2014\|access\-date\=September 10, 2014}}
\* On September 9, the Bears signed \[\[Eben Britton]].
\* On September 13, the Bears promoted \[\[Josh Bellamy]], \[\[Chris Williams (wide receiver)\|Chris Williams]], and \[\[Taylor Boggs]] to the active roster.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-add\-three\-from\-practice\-squad/f48cda42\-a6fa\-4d8b\-9c12\-6c1d1e5ed37c\|title\=Bears add three from practice squad\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 13, 2014\|access\-date\=September 15, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917003710/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-add\-three\-from\-practice\-squad/f48cda42\-a6fa\-4d8b\-9c12\-6c1d1e5ed37c\|archive\-date\=September 17, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
\* On September 14, the Bears signed \[\[Tony Fiammetta]].{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Fiammetta\-Fales\-back\-with\-Bears/514b9c56\-eaa9\-400f\-b738\-8a749aba5541\|title\=Fiammetta, Fales back with Bears\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 14, 2014\|access\-date\=September 15, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918200749/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Fiammetta\-Fales\-back\-with\-Bears/514b9c56\-eaa9\-400f\-b738\-8a749aba5541\|archive\-date\=September 18, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
\* On September 16, the Bears promoted \[\[Isaiah Frey]] and \[\[Rashad Ross]] to the active roster.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-add\-Frey\-Ross\-to\-active\-roster/a0555684\-dbdb\-4ff8\-aa3e\-32e88f62c5f3\|title\=Bears add Frey, Ross to active roster\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 16, 2014\|access\-date\=September 16, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917113443/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-add\-Frey\-Ross\-to\-active\-roster/a0555684\-dbdb\-4ff8\-aa3e\-32e88f62c5f3\|archive\-date\=September 17, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
\* On September 18, the Bears signed \[\[Demontre Hurst]].{{cite news\|last\=Finley\|first\=Patrick\|url\=http://www.suntimes.com/sports/football/bears/29971789\-606/santonio\-holmes\-makes\-a\-point\-to\-tune\-out\-his\-former\-team.html\#.VBzQI\_ldXZg\|title\=Santonio Holmes makes a point to tune out his former team\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Sun\-Times]]\|date\=September 18, 2014\|access\-date\=September 19, 2014}}
\* On September 25, the Bears signed \[\[Darryl Sharpton]].{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-sign\-Sharpton\-cut\-Fiammetta/01150d5c\-130b\-43bc\-b93b\-4b11ab00acab\|title\=Bears sign Sharpton, cut Fiammetta\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 25, 2014\|access\-date\=September 25, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926191236/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-sign\-Sharpton\-cut\-Fiammetta/01150d5c\-130b\-43bc\-b93b\-4b11ab00acab\|archive\-date\=September 26, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
\* On September 30, the Bears promoted \[\[Chris Williams (wide receiver)\|Chris Williams]] to the active roster.{{cite web\|last\=Wright\|first\=Michael C.\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\_/id/4694676/bears\-promote\-chris\-williams\-waive\-rashad\-ross\|title\=Bears promote Chris Williams, waive Rashad Ross\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=September 30, 2014\|access\-date\=October 1, 2014}}
\* On October 1, the Bears signed \[\[Teddy Williams (American football)\|Teddy Williams]].{{cite web\|last\=Wright\|first\=Michael C.\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\_/id/4694680/bears\-add\-speedster\-teddy\-williams\|title\=Bears add speedster Teddy Williams\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=October 1, 2014\|access\-date\=October 2, 2014}}
\* On October 7, the Bears promoted \[\[Al Louis\-Jean]] to the active roster,{{cite web\|last\=Wilkening\|first\=Mike\|url\=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/10/08/bears\-waive\-isaiah\-frey\-promote\-al\-louis\-jean/\|title\=Bears waive Isaiah Frey, promote Al Louis\-Jean\|publisher\=\[\[Profootballtalk.com]]\|date\=October 8, 2014\|access\-date\=October 11, 2014}} while signing \[\[Shamiel Gary]].{{cite news\|agency\=\[\[Associated Press]]\|url\=http://www.bostonherald.com/sports/patriots\_nfl/nfl\_coverage/2014/10/bears\_sign\_backup\_safety\_shamiel\_gary\|title\=Bears sign backup safety Shamiel Gary\|newspaper\=\[\[Boston Herald]]\|date\=October 9, 2014\|access\-date\=October 11, 2014}}
\* On October 10, the Bears promoted \[\[DeDe Lattimore]] to the active roster.{{cite web\|last\=Wilkening\|first\=Mike\|url\=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/10/10/bears\-promote\-lb\-dede\-lattimore\-from\-practice\-squad/\|title\=Bears promote LB DeDe Lattimore from practice squad\|publisher\=\[\[Profootballtalk.com]]\|date\=October 10, 2014\|access\-date\=October 11, 2014}}
\* On October 11, the Bears promoted \[\[Terrell Manning]] to the active roster.{{cite web\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/11/bears\-elevate\-lb\-terrell\-manning\-to\-53\-man\-roster\-waive\-s\-shamiel\-gary/\|title\=Bears Elevate LB Terrell Manning To 53\-Man Roster, Waive S Shamiel Gary\|work\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=October 11, 2014\|access\-date\=October 11, 2014}}
\* On October 13, the Bears promoted \[\[Terrance Mitchell]] to the active roster.{{cite web\|last\=Wilkening\|first\=Mark\|url\=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/10/13/bears\-promote\-cb\-terrance\-mitchell\-to\-roster/\|title\=Bears promote CB Terrance Mitchell to roster\|publisher\=\[\[Profootballtalk.com]]\|date\=October 13, 2014\|access\-date\=October 13, 2014}}
\* On November 8, the Bears promoted \[\[Blake Annen]] to the active roster.{{cite web\|last\=White\|first\=R.J.\|url\=http://fantasynews.cbssports.com/fantasyfootball/update/24790607/bears\-send\-matt\-slauson\-to\-ir\-add\-blake\-annen\-to\-active\-roster\|title\=Bears send Matt Slauson to IR, add Blake Annen to active roster\|publisher\=\[\[CBSSports.com]]\|date\=November 8, 2014\|access\-date\=November 10, 2014}}
\* On November 10, the Bears promoted \[\[Ryan Groy]] to the active roster.{{cite web\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/10/bears\-elevate\-guard\-ryan\-groy\-waive\-cornerback\-teddy\-williams/\|title\=Bears Elevate Guard Ryan Groy, Waive Cornerback Teddy Williams\|work\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=November 10, 2014\|access\-date\=November 10, 2014}}
\* On November 14, the Bears promoted \[\[Marquess Wilson]] to the active roster.{{cite web\|last\=Patra\|first\=Kevin\|url\=https://www.nfl.com/news/chicago\-bears\-activate\-receiver\-marquess\-wilson\-0ap3000000428055\|title\=Chicago Bears activate receiver Marquess Wilson\|publisher\=\[\[National Football League]]\|date\=November 14, 2014\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014}}
\* On November 18, the Bears signed \[\[Marc Mariani]].{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-sign\-return\-specialist\-Mariani/fe0e7834\-df64\-47d7\-abbf\-d2ee5903b4ff\|title\=Bears sign return specialist Mariani\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 18, 2014\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120170012/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-sign\-return\-specialist\-Mariani/fe0e7834\-df64\-47d7\-abbf\-d2ee5903b4ff\|archive\-date\=November 20, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
\* On November 26, the Bears promoted \[\[Brandon Dunn]] to the active roster.
\* On November 29, the Bears signed \[\[Anthony Walters (American football)\|Anthony Walters]].{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-sign\-safety\-Anthony\-Walters/e49e634f\-3021\-46f4\-8ed9\-5a9f0e81ed82\|title\=Bears sign safety Anthony Walters\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 29, 2014\|access\-date\=November 29, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203001506/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-sign\-safety\-Anthony\-Walters/e49e634f\-3021\-46f4\-8ed9\-5a9f0e81ed82\|archive\-date\=December 3, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
\* On December 3, the Bears signed \[\[Jay Feely]].{{cite web\|last\=Patra\|first\=Kevin\|url\=https://www.nfl.com/news/bears\-sign\-kicker\-jay\-feely\-0ap3000000438232\|title\=Bears sign kicker Jay Feely\|publisher\=\[\[National Football League]]\|date\=December 3, 2014\|access\-date\=December 4, 2014}}
\* On December 11, the Bears signed \[\[Montell Owens]].
\* On December 13, the Bears promoted \[\[David Fales]] to the active roster.{{cite web\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/13/bears\-place\-lb\-darryl\-sharpton\-on\-ir\-qb\-david\-fales\-elevated\-to\-roster/\|title\=Bears Place LB Darryl Sharpton On IR, QB David Fales Elevated To Roster\|work\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=December 13, 2014\|access\-date\=December 13, 2014}}
\* On December 23, the Bears signed \[\[Austen Lane]].
\* On December 29, the Bears signed \[\[Conor Boffeli]], \[\[Jonathan Brown (linebacker)\|Jonathan Brown]], \[\[Rashad Lawrence]], \[\[Jacob Maxwell]], and \[\[Jason Weaver (American football)\|Jason Weaver]].
\* On December 30, the Bears signed \[\[Jamil Merrill]].
;Departures
\* On September 8, the Bears released \[\[Demontre Hurst]].
\* On September 9, the Bears released \[\[Micheal Spurlock]].
\* On September 12, the Bears released \[\[David Fales]], \[\[Kelvin Hayden]], and \[\[Tony Fiammetta]].{{cite news\|last\=Campbell\|first\=Rich\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\-bears\-david\-fales\-kelvin\-hayden\-20140912\-story.html\|title\=Bears cut Fales, Hayden to create roster space\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=September 12, 2014\|access\-date\=September 12, 2014}}
\* On September 16, the Bears released \[\[Shaun Draughn]], \[\[Matthew Mulligan]], and \[\[Chris Williams (wide receiver)\|Chris Williams]].
\* On September 25, the Bears released \[\[Tony Fiammetta]].
\* On September 30, the Bears released \[\[Rashad Ross]].
\* On October 1, the Bears released \[\[Terrell Manning]].
\* On October 7, the Bears released \[\[David Bass (American football)\|David Bass]] and \[\[Isaiah Frey]].
\* On October 13, the Bears released \[\[Terrell Manning]].
\* On November 10, the Bears released \[\[Teddy Williams (American football)\|Teddy Williams]].
\* On November 11, the Bears released \[\[Santonio Holmes]].{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-waive\-veteran\-Santonio\-Holmes/d99479f8\-bfe4\-4086\-9cbb\-bfd6a0eb4a55\|title\=Bears waive veteran Santonio Holmes\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 11, 2014\|access\-date\=November 11, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114035126/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-waive\-veteran\-Santonio\-Holmes/d99479f8\-bfe4\-4086\-9cbb\-bfd6a0eb4a55\|archive\-date\=November 14, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
\* On November 18, the Bears released \[\[Ahmad Dixon]].
;Practice squad additions
\* On September 9, the Bears added \[\[Greg Herd]] to the practice squad.
\* On September 14, the Bears added \[\[David Fales]] to the practice squad.
\* On September 17, the Bears added \[\[Chris Williams (wide receiver)\|Chris Williams]], \[\[Blake Annen]], and \[\[Jordan Sullen]] to the practice squad.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-sign\-three\-to\-practice\-squad/949fc9a9\-fecf\-4989\-8b82\-a296b61f1b15\|title\=Bears sign three to practice squad\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 17, 2014\|access\-date\=September 17, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919095429/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-sign\-three\-to\-practice\-squad/949fc9a9\-fecf\-4989\-8b82\-a296b61f1b15\|archive\-date\=September 19, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
\* On October 2, the Bears added \[\[Conor Boffeli]] and \[\[Rashad Ross]] to the practice squad.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.fantasysp.com/player/nfl/Rashad\_Ross/3689337/bears\-sign\-conor\-boffeli\-and\-rashad\-ross\-to\-practice\-squad\|title\=Bears sign Conor Boffeli and Rashad Ross to practice squad\|publisher\=FantasySP\|date\=October 2, 2014\|access\-date\=October 11, 2014}}
\* On October 7, the Bears added \[\[DeDe Lattimore]] and \[\[Terrell Manning]] to the practice squad.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/team/transactions.html \|title\=TRANSACTIONS \|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]] \|access\-date\=December 31, 2014 \|url\-status\=dead \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902025013/http://www.chicagobears.com/team/transactions.html \|archive\-date\=September 2, 2012 }}
\* On October 8, the Bears added \[\[David Bass (American football)\|David Bass]] to the practice squad.
\* On November 3, the Bears added \[\[Jason Weaver (American football)\|Jason Weaver]] to the practice squad.{{cite news\|last\=Woodbury\|first\=Evan\|url\=http://www.nola.com/saints/index.ssf/2014/11/jason\_weaver\_former\_edna\_carr.html\|title\=Jason Weaver, former Edna Karr standout, signs with Chicago Bears practice squad\|newspaper\=\[\[The Times\-Picayune]]\|date\=November 3, 2014\|access\-date\=November 3, 2014}}
\* On November 11, the Bears added \[\[Rashad Lawrence]] to the practice squad.
\* On November 12, the Bears added \[\[B.J. Cunningham]] and \[\[Antoine McClain]] to the practice squad.
\* On November 29, the Bears added \[\[Jamil Merrill]] to the practice squad.
\* On December 17, the Bears added \[\[Taylor Boggs]] to the practice squad.
;Practice squad departures
\* On September 9, the Bears removed \[\[Roy Philon]] from the practice squad.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-re\-sign\-Britton\-cut\-Spurlock/7acec5c1\-9269\-4a16\-b3cd\-ea4eb89cac0e\|title\=Bears re\-sign Britton, cut Spurlock\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 9, 2014\|access\-date\=September 9, 2014}}
\* On October 2, the Bears removed \[\[Jordan Sullen]] from the practice squad.
\* On October 9, the Bears removed \[\[Roy Philon]] and \[\[Rashad Ross]] from the practice squad.
\* On November 11, the Bears removed \[\[Terrell Manning]] from the practice squad.
;Reserve lists
\* On September 15, the Bears placed \[\[Charles Tillman]] on injured reserve.{{cite web\|last\=Breech\|first\=Josh\|url\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\-on\-football/24711063/report\-bears\-to\-place\-cb\-charles\-tillman\-on\-season\-ending\-ir\|title\=Bears place CB Charles Tillman on season\-ending injured reserve\|publisher\=\[\[CBSSports.com]]\|date\=September 15, 2014\|access\-date\=October 11, 2014}}
\* On October 10, the Bears placed \[\[Taylor Boggs]] on waived/injured.
\* On November 8, the Bears placed \[\[Matt Slauson]] on injured reserve.
\* On November 26, the Bears placed \[\[Brian de la Puente]] on injured reserve.{{cite web\|last\=Alper\|first\=Josh\|url\=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/11/26/bears\-place\-brian\-de\-la\-puente\-on\-injured\-reserve/\|title\=Bears place Brian de la Puente on injured reserve\|publisher\=\[\[Profootballtalk.com]]\|date\=November 26, 2014\|access\-date\=November 26, 2014}}
\* On November 28, the Bears placed \[\[Lance Briggs]] on injured reserve.{{cite web\|agency\=\[\[Associated Press]]\|url\=https://www.espn.com/chicago/nfl/story/\_/id/11950942/chicago\-bears\-place\-lb\-lance\-briggs\-ir\-groin\-injury\|title\=Bears place LB Lance Briggs on IR\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=November 28, 2014\|access\-date\=November 28, 2014}}
\* On December 3, the Bears placed \[\[Chris Williams (wide receiver)\|Chris Williams]] on waived/injured.
\* On December 11, the Bears placed \[\[D. J. Williams (linebacker)\|D. J. Williams]] on injured reserve.{{cite web\|last\=Wright\|first\=Michael C.\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\_/id/4696344/bears\-sign\-fb\-montell\-owens\|title\=Bears sign FB Montell Owens\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=December 11, 2014\|access\-date\=December 13, 2014}}
\* On December 13, the Bears placed \[\[Darryl Sharpton]] on injured reserve.
\* On December 23, the Bears placed \[\[Willie Young (defensive end)\|Willie Young]] on injured reserve.
}}
### Buildup
Michael C. Wright and Jeff Dickerson of [ESPN](/wiki/ESPN "ESPN") made predictions regarding how the season goes for the Bears, believing the team will go 10–6 and 11–5, respectively.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\_/id/4691794/bears\-schedule\-game\-by\-game\-predictions\|title\=Bears schedule: Game\-by\-game predictions\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=April 24, 2014\|access\-date\=September 7, 2014}}
John McMullen of *[The Miami Herald](/wiki/The_Miami_Herald "The Miami Herald")* assigned grades for each position group but the quarterbacks entering the season, the highest being a B\+ for the wide receivers and offensive line, while the lowest being a C\+ for the linebackers and special teams. McMullen stated [Jay Cutler](/wiki/Jay_Cutler "Jay Cutler")'s extension was "a prudent move", and while he "might not be in the [Manning](/wiki/Peyton_Manning "Peyton Manning")–[Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady "Tom Brady")–[Rodgers](/wiki/Aaron_Rodgers "Aaron Rodgers") class but is on the tier below". Regarding the running backs, McMullen wrote that while [Matt Forte](/wiki/Matt_Forte "Matt Forte") is one of the top running backs, there is not an impressive depth behind him, while the wide receiving corps may be "the best in the business", but [Marquess Wilson](/wiki/Marquess_Wilson "Marquess Wilson")'s injury led to a lack of depth; behind tight end [Martellus Bennett](/wiki/Martellus_Bennett "Martellus Bennett"), Zach Miller's injury led to [Dante Rosario](/wiki/Dante_Rosario "Dante Rosario") and [Matthew Mulligan](/wiki/Matthew_Mulligan "Matthew Mulligan") serving as backups, the former having "decent hands but just average speed", while the latter having "bounced around". The offensive line was considered the "most improved in 2013", with all five starters returning, while the defensive line has been refurbished with [Jared Allen](/wiki/Jared_Allen "Jared Allen") and [Lamarr Houston](/wiki/Lamarr_Houston "Lamarr Houston")'s signings. For the linebackers, [Lance Briggs](/wiki/Lance_Briggs "Lance Briggs") and [D. J. Williams](/wiki/D._J._Williams_%28linebacker%29 "D. J. Williams (linebacker)") would return as starters, while [Shea McClellin](/wiki/Shea_McClellin "Shea McClellin"), who had converted to linebacker, being written by McMullen as a move that "has a chance if defensive coordinator [Mel Tucker](/wiki/Mel_Tucker "Mel Tucker") lets McClellin go straight ahead as a disruptor and not expect the former [Boise State](/wiki/Boise_State_Broncos_football "Boise State Broncos football") star to play in space".{{cite news\|last\=McMullen\|first\=John\|url\=http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/08/26/4309815/chicago\-bears\-2014\-season\-preview.html\|title\=Chicago Bears 2014 Season Preview\|newspaper\=\[\[The Miami Herald]]\|date\=August 26, 2014\|access\-date\=September 12, 2014}}
The Bears did not have [team captains](/wiki/National_Football_League_team_captains "National Football League team captains") for 2014, breaking a seven\-year trend. Head coach Marc Trestman stated he intended to select captains weekly.{{cite web\|last\=Wright\|first\=Michael C.\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\_/id/4694108/trestman\-wont\-name\-bears\-captains\|title\=Marc Trestman won't name Bears captains\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=September 5, 2014\|access\-date\=September 7, 2014}}
### Schedule
The schedule was announced on April 23\.{{cite web \|title\=Opponents set for 2014 NFL season \|url\=https://www.nfl.com/news/opponents\-set\-for\-2014\-nfl\-season\-0ap2000000307352 \|work\=\[\[NFL.com]] \|date\=December 30, 2013 \|access\-date\=December 30, 2013}} ESPN ranked the Bears' schedule as the 15th strongest in the league, with opponents having a combined winning percentage of .496\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/nflnation/post/\_/id/115715\|title\=2014 NFL strength of schedule\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=February 11, 2014\|access\-date\=February 11, 2014}} The Bears will open the season with six away games from weeks 2–10,{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/chalk\-talk/article\-1/When\-does\-training\-camp\-begin/f97e5bb7\-169c\-465e\-8aae\-e43f92369263\|title\=When does training camp begin?\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=April 28, 2014\|access\-date\=April 28, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429205137/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/chalk\-talk/article\-1/When\-does\-training\-camp\-begin/f97e5bb7\-169c\-465e\-8aae\-e43f92369263\|archive\-date\=April 29, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} due to three conflicting events in the Chicago area: week 2 is unavailable due to a [NASCAR](/wiki/NASCAR "NASCAR") race and [PGA](/wiki/Professional_Golfers_Association_of_America "Professional Golfers Association of America") golf tournament, week 6 due to the [Chicago Marathon](/wiki/Chicago_Marathon "Chicago Marathon") utilizing Soldier Field as a start/finish line, and week 9 due to a [rugby union](/wiki/Rugby_union "Rugby union") game at Soldier Field on Saturday night. To resolve the situation regarding week 9, league schedulers created a bye week for the Bears.{{cite magazine\|last\=King\|first\=Peter\|url\=http://mmqb.si.com/2014/04/24/making\-of\-2014\-nfl\-schedule/\|title\=How the 2014 Schedule Was Made\|magazine\=\[\[Sports Illustrated]]\|date\=April 23, 2014\|access\-date\=April 28, 2014}} The Bears will also play five [prime time](/wiki/Prime_time "Prime time") games, the most allowed by the league scheduling, and a Thanksgiving Day game during the season.{{cite news\|last\=Campbell\|first\=Rich\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\-2014\-nfl\-schedule\-released\-20140423,0,2985776\.story\|title\=Bears' schedule includes Thanksgiving game\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=April 23, 2014\|access\-date\=April 23, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424003131/http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\-2014\-nfl\-schedule\-released\-20140423,0,2985776\.story\|archive\-date\=April 24, 2014\|url\-status\=dead}} In December, the Bears had three consecutive home games, the first since [2008](/wiki/2008_Chicago_Bears_season "2008 Chicago Bears season") and the second since [1963](/wiki/1963_Chicago_Bears_season "1963 Chicago Bears season"). Although CBS, which airs [AFC](/wiki/American_Football_Conference "American Football Conference") games against the Lions on Thanksgiving, held the rights to the game for 2014, the league's new "crossflexing" policy, which allows CBS and Fox to switch seven games, permitted the Bears to play Detroit.
| Week | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | Game site | TV | GameBook | NFL.comrecap |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [1](/wiki/%23Week_1:Vs._Buffalo_Bills "Vs. Buffalo Bills") | September 7 | [Buffalo Bills](/wiki/2014_Buffalo_Bills_season "2014 Buffalo Bills season") | **L** 20–23 {{small\|(OT)}} | 0–1 | [Soldier Field](/wiki/Soldier_Field "Soldier Field") | [Fox](/wiki/NFL_on_Fox "NFL on Fox") | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56173/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014090702/2014/REG1/bills@bears) |
| [2](/wiki/%23Week_2:At_San_Francisco_49ers "At San Francisco 49ers") | {{tooltip\|September 14\|Sunday Night Football}} | at [San Francisco 49ers](/wiki/2014_San_Francisco_49ers_season "2014 San Francisco 49ers season") | **W** 28–20 | 1–1 | [Levi's Stadium](/wiki/Levi%27s_Stadium "Levi's Stadium") | [NBC](/wiki/NBC_Sunday_Night_Football "NBC Sunday Night Football") | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56200/SF_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014091413/2014/REG2/bears@49ers) |
| [3](/wiki/%23Week_3:At_New_York_Jets "At New York Jets") | {{tooltip\|September 22\|Monday Night Football}} | at [New York Jets](/wiki/2014_New_York_Jets_season "2014 New York Jets season") | **W** 27–19 | 2–1 | [MetLife Stadium](/wiki/MetLife_Stadium "MetLife Stadium") | [ESPN](/wiki/ESPN_Monday_Night_Football "ESPN Monday Night Football") | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56217/NYJ_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014092200/2014/REG3/bears@jets) |
| [4](/wiki/%23Week_4:Vs._Green_Bay_Packers "Vs. Green Bay Packers") | September 28 | **[Green Bay Packers](/wiki/2014_Green_Bay_Packers_season "2014 Green Bay Packers season")** | **L** 17–38 | 2–2 | Soldier Field | Fox | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56220/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014092801/2014/REG4/packers@bears) |
| [5](/wiki/%23Week_5:At_Carolina_Panthers "At Carolina Panthers") | October 5 | at [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/2014_Carolina_Panthers_season "2014 Carolina Panthers season") | **L** 24–31 | 2–3 | [Bank of America Stadium](/wiki/Bank_of_America_Stadium "Bank of America Stadium") | Fox | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56232/CAR_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014100500/2014/REG5/bears@panthers) |
| [6](/wiki/%23Week_6:At_Atlanta_Falcons "At Atlanta Falcons") | October 12 | at [Atlanta Falcons](/wiki/2014_Atlanta_Falcons_season "2014 Atlanta Falcons season") | **W** 27–13 | 3–3 | [Georgia Dome](/wiki/Georgia_Dome "Georgia Dome") | Fox | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56247/ATL_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014101200/2014/REG6/bears@falcons) |
| [7](/wiki/%23Week_7:Vs._Miami_Dolphins "Vs. Miami Dolphins") | October 19 | [Miami Dolphins](/wiki/2014_Miami_Dolphins_season "2014 Miami Dolphins season") | **L** 14–27 | 3–4 | Soldier Field | [CBS](/wiki/NFL_on_CBS "NFL on CBS") | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56264/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014101902/2014/REG7/dolphins@bears) |
| [8](/wiki/%23Week_8:At_New_England_Patriots "At New England Patriots") | October 26 | at [New England Patriots](/wiki/2014_New_England_Patriots_season "2014 New England Patriots season") | **L** 23–51 | 3–5 | [Gillette Stadium](/wiki/Gillette_Stadium "Gillette Stadium") | Fox | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56282/NE_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014102605/2014/REG8/bears@patriots) |
| 9 | *[Bye](/wiki/Bye_%28sports%29 "Bye (sports)")*
| [10](/wiki/%23Week_10:At_Green_Bay_Packers "At Green Bay Packers") | {{tooltip\|November 9\|Sunday Night Football}} | at **[Green Bay Packers](/wiki/2014_Green_Bay_Packers_season "2014 Green Bay Packers season")** | **L** 14–55 | 3–6 | [Lambeau Field](/wiki/Lambeau_Field "Lambeau Field") | NBC | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56315/GB_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014110910/2014/REG10/bears@packers) |
| [11](/wiki/%23Week_11:Vs._Minnesota_Vikings "Vs. Minnesota Vikings") | November 16 | **[Minnesota Vikings](/wiki/2014_Minnesota_Vikings_season "2014 Minnesota Vikings season")** | **W** 21–13 | 4–6 | Soldier Field | CBS | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56319/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014111601/2014/REG11/vikings@bears) |
| [12](/wiki/%23Week_12:Vs._Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers "Vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers") | November 23 | [Tampa Bay Buccaneers](/wiki/2014_Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers_season "2014 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season") | **W** 21–13 | 5–6 | Soldier Field | Fox | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56334/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014112302/2014/REG12/buccaneers@bears) |
| [13](/wiki/%23Week_13:At_Detroit_Lions "At Detroit Lions") | {{tooltip\|\[\[NFL on Thanksgiving Day\|November 27]]\|Thursday}} | at **[Detroit Lions](/wiki/2014_Detroit_Lions_season "2014 Detroit Lions season")** | **L** 17–34 | 5–7 | [Ford Field](/wiki/Ford_Field "Ford Field") | CBS | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56346/DET_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014112700/2014/REG13/bears@lions) |
| [14](/wiki/%23Week_14:Vs._Dallas_Cowboys "Vs. Dallas Cowboys") | {{tooltip\|December 4\|Thursday Night Football}} | [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/2014_Dallas_Cowboys_season "2014 Dallas Cowboys season") | **L** 28–41 | 5–8 | Soldier Field | [NFLN](/wiki/Thursday_Night_Football "Thursday Night Football") | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56362/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014120400/2014/REG14/cowboys@bears) |
| [15](/wiki/%23Week_15:Vs._New_Orleans_Saints "Vs. New Orleans Saints") | {{tooltip\|December 15\|Monday Night Football}} | [New Orleans Saints](/wiki/2014_New_Orleans_Saints_season "2014 New Orleans Saints season") | **L** 15–31 | 5–9 | Soldier Field | ESPN | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56393/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014121500/2014/REG15/saints@bears) |
| [16](/wiki/%23Week_16:Vs._Detroit_Lions "Vs. Detroit Lions") | December 21 | **[Detroit Lions](/wiki/2014_Detroit_Lions_season "2014 Detroit Lions season")** | **L** 14–20 | 5–10 | Soldier Field | Fox | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56398/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014122101/2014/REG16/lions@bears) |
| [17](/wiki/%23Week_17:At_Minnesota_Vikings "At Minnesota Vikings") | December 28 | at **[Minnesota Vikings](/wiki/2014_Minnesota_Vikings_season "2014 Minnesota Vikings season")** | **L** 9–13 | 5–11 | [TCF Bank Stadium](/wiki/TCF_Bank_Stadium "TCF Bank Stadium") | Fox | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56416/MIN_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014122806/2014/REG17/bears@vikings) |
|{{refbegin}}**Note:** Intra\-division opponents are in **bold** text.
Legend
{{color box\|\#03202F\|\#\|white}} Games played with color uniforms.
{{color box\|white\|\#\|\#03202F}} Games played with white uniforms.
{{color box\|\#03202F\|\#\|\#df6108}} Games played with 1940s throwback uniforms.{{cite web \|author\=Lukas, Paul \|title\=Eagles find it's not easy being green \|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/\_/id/11414003/philadelphia\-eagles\-find\-not\-easy\-being\-green\-uni\-watch \|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]] \|date\=August 27, 2014 \|access\-date\=August 27, 2014}}
{{color box\|\#dfd\|–\|black}} Light green background indicates a victory.
{{color box\|\#fdd\|–\|black}} Light red background indicates a loss.
{{refend}}
### Game summaries
#### Week 1: vs. Buffalo Bills
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week One: Buffalo Bills at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\=September 7
\|time\=12:00 p.m. \[\[Central Time Zone\|CDT]]
\|road\='''Bills'''
\|R1\=7\|R2\=10\|R3\=0\|R4\=3\|R5\=3
\|home\=Bears
\|H1\=7\|H2\=0\|H3\=10\|H4\=3\|H5\=0
\|stadium\=\[\[Soldier Field]], \[\[Chicago]]
\|attendance\=62,425
\|weather\={{convert\|74\|F\|C}}, sunny
\|referee\=\[\[Brad Allen]]
\|TV\=\[\[NFL on Fox\|Fox]]
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Kenny Albert]], \[\[Daryl Johnston]] and \[\[Tony Siragusa]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014090702/2014/REG1/bills@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56173/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]] 12 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 11:35 (CHI 7–0\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 66 yards, 1:55'''
\*BUF – \[\[E. J. Manuel]] 2 yard run, \[\[Dan Carpenter]] XP good, 6:52 (TIE 7–7\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 71 yards, 4:43'''
;Second quarter
\*BUF – Dan Carpenter 50 yard field goal, 8:07 (BUF 10–7\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 14 yards, 3:23'''
\*BUF – \[\[C. J. Spiller]] 7 yard pass from E. J. Manuel, Dan Carpenter XP good, 5:30 (BUF 17–7\). '''Drive: 1 play, 7 yards, 0:06'''
;Third quarter
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 41 yard field goal, 9:34 (BUF 17–10\). '''Drive: 11 plays, 57 yards, 5:26'''
\*CHI – \[\[Brandon Marshall]] 11 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 2:30 (TIE 17–17\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 56 yards, 2:30'''
;Fourth quarter
\*BUF – Dan Carpenter 33 yard field goal, 4:02 (BUF 20–17\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 37 yards, 3:50'''
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 37 yard field goal, 0:30 (TIE 20–20\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 61 yards, 3:32'''
;Overtime
\*BUF – Dan Carpenter 27 yard field goal, 9:46 (BUF 23–20\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 69 yards, 3:34'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* BUF – \[\[E. J. Manuel]], 16/22, 173 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 34/49, 349 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT
;Top rushers
\* BUF – \[\[Fred Jackson (running back)\|Fred Jackson]], 7 carries, 61 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forté]], 17 carries, 82 yards
;Top receivers
\* BUF – \[\[Robert Woods (wide receiver, born 1992\)\|Robert Woods]], 4 receptions, 78 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 8 receptions, 87 yards
;Top tacklers
\* BUF – \[\[Leodis McKelvin]], 13 tackles
\* CHI – \[\[Ryan Mundy]], 6 tackles
}}
[thumb\|The Bears played all of their home games at [Soldier Field](/wiki/Soldier_Field "Soldier Field")](/wiki/File:Soldier_Field_east_side_and_marina.JPG "Soldier Field east side and marina.JPG")
The Bears opened the season at home against the [Buffalo Bills](/wiki/2014_Buffalo_Bills_season "2014 Buffalo Bills season"), who had a record of 6–10 in [2013](/wiki/2013_Buffalo_Bills_season "2013 Buffalo Bills season"). Entering the game, the Bears were 54–35–5 in season openers, the most wins of any team, and they had not lost an opening game since 2009, the most in the NFC and second\-most in the NFL behind the [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots "New England Patriots").{{cite web\|last\=Stoltz\|first\=Jeremy\|url\=http://chi.scout.com/story/1442698\-bears\-bills\-ultimate\-game\-preview\|title\=BEARS\-BILLS ULTIMATE GAME PREVIEW\|publisher\=\[\[Scout.com]]\|date\=September 6, 2014\|access\-date\=September 7, 2014}} The Bears were 7–4 against the Bills, with their last meeting being a 22–19 victory in Toronto in [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season "2010 Chicago Bears season"), while winning 40–7 in the last game between the two at [Soldier Field](/wiki/Soldier_Field "Soldier Field");{{cite web\|last1\=Wright\|first1\=Michael C.\|last2\=Rodak\|first2\=Mike\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\_/id/4694007/chicago\-bears\-vs\-buffalo\-bills\-preview\|title\=Bills vs. Bears preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=September 4, 2014\|access\-date\=September 7, 2014}} the Bears had won all five meetings between the two in Chicago. When comparing the two teams in 2013 statistically, the Bears had the advantage in three offensive categories (points scored, total offense, and passing offense), while the Bills had the second\-best rushing offense, compared to the Bears' 16th\-ranked rushing game. On defense, the Bears were outmatched in all three categories (total defense, rushing defense, and passing defense), but are one spot higher than Buffalo in turnover ratio (\+5 to \+3\). [Scout.com](/wiki/Scout.com "Scout.com")'s Jeremy Stoltz writes that one of the players the Bears must contain is the defensive tackle duo of [Mario Williams](/wiki/Mario_Williams "Mario Williams") and [Marcell Dareus](/wiki/Marcell_Dareus "Marcell Dareus"), who had a combined 139 total tackles, 18\.0 sacks and two forced fumbles during 2013\. While the Bears' offensive line boasted the fourth\-least sacks, none of the five starters played in the preseason. As a result, to combat the rush, the Bears need [Jay Cutler](/wiki/Jay_Cutler "Jay Cutler") to release the ball quickly. For the Bears' defense, Stoltz stated all the Bears needed to do was stop Buffalo's running backs [Fred Jackson](/wiki/Fred_Jackson_%28running_back%29 "Fred Jackson (running back)") and [C. J. Spiller](/wiki/C._J._Spiller "C. J. Spiller"), as the Bills had the second\-best rushing attack in the league. The Bears were favored to win by seven points, the third\-largest spread of the week.{{cite news\|last\=Domin\|first\=Hank\|url\=http://www.syracuse.com/buffalo\-bills/index.ssf/2014/09/updated\_nfl\_week\_1\_point\_sprea.html\|title\=Updated NFL Week 1 point spreads, over/under: Bills still are 7\-point underdog to Bears\|newspaper\=\[\[The Post\-Standard]]\|date\=September 6, 2014\|access\-date\=September 7, 2014}} [Matt Forté](/wiki/Matt_Fort%C3%A9 "Matt Forté"), [Charles Tillman](/wiki/Charles_Tillman "Charles Tillman"), and [Robbie Gould](/wiki/Robbie_Gould "Robbie Gould") were the captains for the game.{{cite news\|url\=http://www.daily\-chronicle.com/2014/09/07/new\-faces\-same\-issues\-for\-defense/a9tj2ld/?\_\_xsl\=/print.xsl\|title\=New faces, same issues for defense\|newspaper\=\[\[Daily Chronicle (Illinois)\|Daily Chronicle]]\|date\=September 8, 2014\|access\-date\=September 12, 2014}} [David Fales](/wiki/David_Fales "David Fales"), [Kelvin Hayden](/wiki/Kelvin_Hayden "Kelvin Hayden"), [Tony Fiammetta](/wiki/Tony_Fiammetta "Tony Fiammetta"), [Khaseem Greene](/wiki/Khaseem_Greene "Khaseem Greene"), [Charles Leno](/wiki/Charles_Leno "Charles Leno"), [David Bass](/wiki/David_Bass_%28American_football%29 "David Bass (American football)") and [Cornelius Washington](/wiki/Cornelius_Washington "Cornelius Washington") were inactive for the game.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Bills/5bb94e72\-3639\-488d\-85a6\-e723b4ac7c7f\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Bills\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 7, 2014\|access\-date\=September 7, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213040/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Bills/5bb94e72\-3639\-488d\-85a6\-e723b4ac7c7f\|archive\-date\=September 7, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
The Bears won the coin toss, and elected to kick. After Buffalo punted, Chicago scored on Cutler's 12\-yard touchdown pass to [Martellus Bennett](/wiki/Martellus_Bennett "Martellus Bennett"), which the Bills retaliated with [E. J. Manuel](/wiki/E._J._Manuel "E. J. Manuel")'s two\-yard touchdown run. On the Bears' first drive of the second quarter, [Brandon Marshall](/wiki/Brandon_Marshall "Brandon Marshall") fumbled, with linebacker [Preston Brown](/wiki/Preston_Brown_%28linebacker%29 "Preston Brown (linebacker)") recovering; the Bills would score on [Dan Carpenter](/wiki/Dan_Carpenter "Dan Carpenter")'s 50\-yard field goal.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554232\.\=0\|title\=Buffalo Bills vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=September 15, 2014}} Afterwards, Cutler was intercepted by former Bear [Corey Graham](/wiki/Corey_Graham "Corey Graham") after Bennett did not "turn to look for the ball in time", with the Bills again capitalizing on the takeaway, with Manuel's seven\-yard touchdown pass to Spiller, and the half ended with Buffalo leading 17–7\.{{cite web\|last\=Neveau\|first\=James\|url\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/grizzly\-detail/Chicago\-Bears\-Buffalo\-Bills\-Week\-1\-Cutler\-Bennett\-\-274264761\.html\|title\=Bills Beat Bears 23\-20 Sunday\|publisher\=\[\[WMAQ\-TV]]\|date\=September 7, 2014\|access\-date\=September 15, 2014}} On the Bears' first possession of the third quarter, Gould kicked a five\-yard field goal, and on the Bills' first drive of the half, [Chris Conte](/wiki/Chris_Conte "Chris Conte") read a pass intended for [Marquise Goodwin](/wiki/Marquise_Goodwin "Marquise Goodwin"), stepping in front of the pass to intercept the ball.{{cite web\|last\=Greenberg\|first\=Jon\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/jon\-greenberg/post/\_/id/514/conte\-done\-in\-by\-jacksons\-stiff\-arm\|title\=Conte done in by Jackson's stiff\-arm\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=September 7, 2014\|access\-date\=September 15, 2014}} On Chicago's ensuing drive, the offense rallied to tie the score on Cutler's 11\-yard touchdown pass to Marshall. In the fourth quarter, the Bears drove from their own six\-yard line to reach the Buffalo 34, but Cutler's forced pass intended for Bennett was intercepted by [Kyle Williams](/wiki/Kyle_Williams_%28defensive_tackle%29 "Kyle Williams (defensive tackle)"); Carpenter would kick a 33\-yard field goal, which the Bears responded with Gould's 37\-yarder. The Bills would [kneel](/wiki/Quarterback_kneel "Quarterback kneel") to end regulation with a 20–20 score. After the Bears went three\-and\-out, the Bills started on their own 22\-yard line, but drove to the Bears' 39\. On the next play, Jackson found a hole in the line of scrimmage, getting past [Lance Briggs](/wiki/Lance_Briggs "Lance Briggs"). Conte reached Jackson at the 20\-yard line, but was [stiff\-armed](/wiki/Stiff-arm_fend "Stiff-arm fend"); Conte attempted to tackle again, but was knocked down, with Jackson being pushed out of bounds at the one\-yard line. Two plays later, Carpenter kicked the game\-winning 27\-yard field goal.
Four of the Bears' offensive starters suffered injuries during the game: [Roberto Garza](/wiki/Roberto_Garza "Roberto Garza") (right ankle) and [Matt Slauson](/wiki/Matt_Slauson "Matt Slauson") (left ankle) did not play after the first half, [Alshon Jeffery](/wiki/Alshon_Jeffery "Alshon Jeffery") (hamstring) departed in the third quarter, while Marshall (right ankle) was hurt after being tackled.{{cite news\|last\=Campbell\|first\=Rich\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/ct\-bears\-bills\-super\-side\-spt\-0908\-20140908\-story.html\|title\=Turnovers, injuries spoil launch of Bears' explosive offense\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=September 8, 2014\|access\-date\=September 15, 2014}} Conte received scrutiny after the game for failing to tackle Jackson, but defended himself by saying, "It was a play where it's the end of the game – I've got to get the ball out or something. If I hit him, it's a field goal no matter what, so I've got to try and get the ball out. It's a desperation play where I've got to try and punch the ball or something."
#### Week 2: at San Francisco 49ers
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Two: Chicago Bears at San Francisco 49ers – Game summary
\|date\=September 14
\|time\=7:30 p.m. CDT/5:30 p.m. \[\[Pacific Time Zone\|PDT]]
\|road\='''Bears'''
\|R1\=0\|R2\=7\|R3\=0\|R4\=21
\|home\=49ers
\|H1\=10\|H2\=7\|H3\=3\|H4\=0
\|stadium\=\[\[Levi's Stadium]], \[\[Santa Clara, California]]
\|attendance\=70,799
\|weather\={{convert\|78\|F\|C}}, sunny
\|referee\=\[\[Carl Cheffers]]
\|TV\=\[\[NBC Sunday Night Football\|NBC]]
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Al Michaels]], \[\[Cris Collinsworth]] and \[\[Michele Tafoya]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014091413/2014/REG2/bears@49ers Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56200/SF\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\* SF – \[\[Michael Crabtree]] 3 yard pass from \[\[Colin Kaepernick]], \[\[Phil Dawson]] XP good, 12:42 (SF 7–0\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 8 yards, 0:34'''
\* SF – Phil Dawson 27 yard field goal, 2:48 (SF 10–0\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 72 yards, 7:44'''
;Second quarter
\* SF – \[\[Frank Gore]] 8 yard run, Phil Dawson XP good, 2:22 (SF 17–0\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 30 yards, 1:03'''
\* CHI – \[\[Brandon Marshall]] 17 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 0:13 (SF 17–7\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 80 yards, 2:09'''
;Third quarter
\* SF – Phil Dawson 24 yard field goal, 5:56 (SF 20–7\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 84 yards, 9:04'''
;Fourth quarter
\* CHI – Brandon Marshall 5 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 13:35 (SF 20–14\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 80 yards, 7:21'''
\* CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]] 3 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 13:14 (CHI 21–20\). '''Drive: 1 play, 3 yards, 0:03'''
\* CHI – Brandon Marshall 3 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 6:55 (CHI 28–20\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 42 yards, 8:05'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 23/34, 176 yards, 4 TD
\* SF – \[\[Colin Kaepernick]], 21/34, 248 yards, 1 TD, 3 INT
;Top rushers
\* CHI – Jay Cutler, 5 carries, 25 yards
\* SF – Colin Kaepernick, 9 carries, 66 yards
;Top receivers
\* CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]], 7 receptions, 37 yards, 1 TD
\* SF – \[\[Michael Crabtree]], 7 receptions, 82 yards, 1 TD
;Top tacklers
\* CHI – \[\[Ryan Mundy]], 6 tackles
\* SF – \[\[Patrick Willis]], 7 tackles
}}
In the previous meeting between Chicago and [San Francisco](/wiki/2014_San_Francisco_49ers_season "2014 San Francisco 49ers season") at [Candlestick Park](/wiki/Candlestick_Park "Candlestick Park") in [2012](/wiki/2012_Chicago_Bears_season "2012 Chicago Bears season"), the 49ers won 32–7\. Entering the game, the 49ers led the all\-time series 32–29–1;{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=sfo\&tm2\=chi\&yr\=all\|title\=Boxscore finder: San Francisco 49ers vs Chicago Bears\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=October 19, 2014}} while the Bears had won five of the last eight meetings between the two since [2001](/wiki/2001_Chicago_Bears_season "2001 Chicago Bears season"),{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\=400554314\|title\=Bears\-49ers Preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=September 16, 2014}} they had lost all eight road games against the 49ers since [1985](/wiki/1985_Chicago_Bears_season "1985 Chicago Bears season").{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-suffer\-defeat\-at\-the\-hands\-of\-49ers/135985f7\-883c\-435c\-ac92\-7ca3dcc8d43a\|title\=Bears suffer defeat at the hands of 49ers\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 19, 2012\|access\-date\=September 16, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028075415/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-suffer\-defeat\-at\-the\-hands\-of\-49ers/135985f7\-883c\-435c\-ac92\-7ca3dcc8d43a\|archive\-date\=October 28, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} Comparing the two teams' week one rankings, the Bears had more total and passing yards than the 49ers, 427–319 and 341–192, respectively, while the 49ers had more rushing yards (127–86\). Defensively, the 49ers allowed more yards (382–360\) and allowed two more sacks than the Bears in week one.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.49ers.com/news/article\-1/Infographic\-49ers\-vs\-Bears\-Preview/047f5112\-292d\-4a95\-9b5d\-2af0f44c8449\|title\=Infographic: 49ers vs. Bears Preview\|work\=\[\[San Francisco 49ers]]\|date\=September 11, 2014\|access\-date\=September 15, 2014}} Writing for [WBBM\-TV](/wiki/WBBM-TV "WBBM-TV"), Bears radio play\-by\-play commentator [Jeff Joniak](/wiki/Jeff_Joniak "Jeff Joniak") stated the Bears' offense had a chance to utilize their running backs, as the 49ers had allowed the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys "Dallas Cowboys") to record 100 rushing yards in week one, the first time in 18 games, and with linebackers [NaVorro Bowman](/wiki/NaVorro_Bowman "NaVorro Bowman") and [Aldon Smith](/wiki/Aldon_Smith "Aldon Smith") inactive, the Bears had the chance to attack on the ground. For the Bears' passing game, recording short passes was important, while stating playing against the 49ers' defense "requires patience", with [Vic Fangio](/wiki/Vic_Fangio "Vic Fangio") utilizing [zone defense](/wiki/Zone_defense "Zone defense") blitzes.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/12/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-49ers/\|title\=Joniak: Keys to Bears\-49ers\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=September 12, 2014\|access\-date\=September 16, 2014}} Additionally, Jay Cutler had struggled against the 49ers during his career, being 0–2, with one touchdown, six interceptions, and a 59\.2 passer rating. On defense, the Bears had to contain [Colin Kaepernick](/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick "Colin Kaepernick"), who had thrown for two touchdowns the previous week and recorded his fourth\-best passer rating (125\.5\),{{cite web\|last\=Durkin\|first\=Dan\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/13/durkins\-preview\-49ers\-pose\-early\-test\-of\-bears\-depth/\|title\=Durkin's Preview: 49ers Pose Early Test Of Bears' Depth\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=September 13, 2014\|access\-date\=September 16, 2014}} and in his first career start, had guided the 49ers to the victory over the Bears in 2012\. The Bears also faced a challenge in 49ers' running backs [Frank Gore](/wiki/Frank_Gore "Frank Gore") and rookie [Carlos Hyde](/wiki/Carlos_Hyde "Carlos Hyde"), the former having become the 29th player to record 10,000 career rushing yards the previous week, and the latter averaged 7\.1 yards and scored a touchdown. Against San Francisco's receivers, while [Anquan Boldin](/wiki/Anquan_Boldin "Anquan Boldin") and [Michael Crabtree](/wiki/Michael_Crabtree "Michael Crabtree") were not fast, their physicality allows them to make blocks and "bully defensive backs". The 49ers were favorites to win, with every [ESPN](/wiki/ESPN "ESPN") analyst but former Bears head coach [Mike Ditka](/wiki/Mike_Ditka "Mike Ditka") to predict a 49ers victory.{{cite news\|last\=Just\|first\=David\|url\=http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/sports\-prose/mike\-ditka\-was\-only\-espn\-expert\-to\-pick\-bears\-over\-san\-francisco/\|title\=Mike Ditka was only ESPN 'expert' to pick Bears over San Francisco\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Sun\-Times]]\|date\=September 15, 2014\|access\-date\=September 16, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917113318/http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/sports\-prose/mike\-ditka\-was\-only\-espn\-expert\-to\-pick\-bears\-over\-san\-francisco/\|archive\-date\=2014\-09\-17\|url\-status\=dead}} [Jermon Bushrod](/wiki/Jermon_Bushrod "Jermon Bushrod"), [Lamarr Houston](/wiki/Lamarr_Houston "Lamarr Houston"), and [Sherrick McManis](/wiki/Sherrick_McManis "Sherrick McManis") served as team captains.{{cite news\|last\=Finley\|first\=Patrick\|url\=http://www.suntimes.com/sports/football/bears/29883031\-606/bears\-headache\-starts\-early\-with\-special\-teams\-mistakes.html\|title\=Chris Conte exits after big play; Bears win despite special teams stumbles\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Sun\-Times]]\|date\=September 14, 2014\|access\-date\=September 15, 2014}} For the game, [Josh Morgan](/wiki/Josh_Morgan "Josh Morgan"), Khaseem Greene, Roberto Garza, Matt Slauson, Charles Leno, David Bass, and Cornelius Washington were scratched.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-49ers/3e0a4da9\-9669\-46af\-9ca8\-e250270de4ab\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-49ers\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 14, 2014\|access\-date\=September 23, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028074702/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-49ers/3e0a4da9\-9669\-46af\-9ca8\-e250270de4ab\|archive\-date\=October 28, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
The 49ers won the coin toss, and decided to kick.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554314\.\=0\|title\=Chicago Bears vs. San Francisco 49ers – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=September 17, 2014}} On the Bears' first drive, [Pat O'Donnell](/wiki/Pat_O%27Donnell "Pat O'Donnell")'s punt was blocked by [Aaron Lynch](/wiki/Aaron_Lynch_%28American_football%29 "Aaron Lynch (American football)"), and the 49ers scored on Kaepernick's three\-yard touchdown pass to Crabtree, the first score in Levi's Stadium history after the play stood via review.{{cite news\|last\=Inman\|first\=Cam\|url\=http://blogs.mercurynews.com/49ers/2014/09/14/michael\-crabtree\-scores\-levis\-stadiums\-first\-td\-off\-blocked\-punt\-by\-aaron\-lynch/\|title\=Michael Crabtree scores Levi's Stadium's first TD off blocked punt by Aaron Lynch\|newspaper\=\[\[San Jose Mercury News]]\|date\=September 14, 2014\|access\-date\=September 17, 2014}} On the 49ers' next drive, Kaepernick was intercepted by Charles Tillman, but the pick was overturned; [Phil Dawson](/wiki/Phil_Dawson "Phil Dawson") would kick a 27\-yard field goal, the final score of the first quarter. On San Francisco's second drive of the second quarter, Kaepernick's pass for Boldin would be intercepted by a diving Chris Conte,{{cite web\|last\=Carbaugh\|first\=Dane\|url\=http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\-09\-14/chris\-conte\-interception\-chicago\-bears\-san\-francisco\-49ers\-diving\-video\|title\=Chris Conte's interception against the 49ers was perfect\|work\=\[\[Sporting News]]\|date\=September 14, 2014\|access\-date\=September 17, 2014\|archive\-date\=September 18, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918011257/http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\-09\-14/chris\-conte\-interception\-chicago\-bears\-san\-francisco\-49ers\-diving\-video\|url\-status\=dead}} though the Bears failed to take advantage, being forced to punt. Gore would then score on a 54\-yard run, which was nullified by a holding call on Boldin, and two plays later, Kaepernick was stripped by [Jared Allen](/wiki/Jared_Allen "Jared Allen"), and the ball was recovered by [Danny McCray](/wiki/Danny_McCray "Danny McCray"), but the Bears would again be forced to punt. The 49ers extended the lead by ten points on Gore's eight\-yard touchdown run, but the Bears managed to score for the first time in the half on Cutler's 17\-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall, who caught the pass with one hand.{{cite web\|agency\=\[\[Associated Press]] \|url\=http://abc7chicago.com/sports/brandon\-marshall\-makes\-2\-tds\-via\-jay\-cutler\-to\-beat\-49ers/309104/ \|archive\-url\=https://archive.today/20140918040122/http://abc7chicago.com/sports/brandon\-marshall\-makes\-2\-tds\-via\-jay\-cutler\-to\-beat\-49ers/309104/ \|url\-status\=dead \|archive\-date\=September 18, 2014 \|title\=BRANDON MARSHALL MAKES 3 TDS VIA JAY CUTLER TO BEAT 49ERS \|publisher\=\[\[WLS\-TV]] \|date\=September 14, 2014 \|access\-date\=September 17, 2014 }} In the second half, the 49ers scored on Dawson's 24\-yard kick, culminating a drive that took 9:04\. On the Bears' next drive, Cutler threw a five\-yard touchdown pass to Marshall, narrowing the score to 20–14\. On the first play of San Francisco's next drive, Kaepernick's pass for Crabtree was pulled away by [Kyle Fuller](/wiki/Kyle_Fuller "Kyle Fuller"),{{cite news\|last\=Campbell\|first\=Rich\|url\=http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/ravens/ct\-kyle\-fuller\-two\-interceptions\-bears\-spt\-0915\-20140915,0,7556898\.story\|title\=Kyle Fuller helps turn game around for Bears\|newspaper\=\[\[The Baltimore Sun]]\|date\=September 15, 2014\|access\-date\=September 17, 2014}} with the Bears scoring on the first play with Cutler's three\-yard touchdown to Martellus Bennett to give the Bears the 21–20 lead. Kaepernick was intercepted again by Fuller on the next drive after Fuller reached his pass intended for [Derek Carrier](/wiki/Derek_Carrier "Derek Carrier"), the Bears converting the pick into a Cutler three\-yard touchdown to Marshall, increasing the lead by eight. On San Francisco's final drive, the offense reached Chicago's 17\-yard line, but on 4th down, Kaepernick's pass to Crabtree fell incomplete, and Cutler kneeled twice to end the game.
The game featured 26 penalties, 10 by the Bears for 58 yards, and 16 by the 49ers for 118 yards.{{cite web\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/15/bears\-49ers\-fast\-facts/\|title\=Bears\-49ers Fast Facts\|work\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=September 15, 2014\|access\-date\=September 17, 2014}} Late in the second quarter, Cutler, who had completed only 8 of 18 passes for 38 yards, was hit by [Quinton Dial](/wiki/Quinton_Dial "Quinton Dial"), and after the hit, Cutler completed 15 of 16 passes for 138 yards and four touchdowns.{{cite web\|agency\=\[\[Associated Press]]\|url\=https://www.espn.com/chicago/nfl/recap?gameId\=400554314\|title\=Jay Cutler rallies Bears past 49ers with 3 TDs in fourth quarter\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\| date\=15 September 2014 \|access\-date\=September 17, 2014}} Fuller became the first rookie in Bears history to record two interceptions in a game since [Chris Harris](/wiki/Chris_Harris_%28safety%29 "Chris Harris (safety)") against the [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers "Green Bay Packers") in [2005](/wiki/2005_Chicago_Bears_season "2005 Chicago Bears season").
#### Week 3: at New York Jets
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Three: Chicago Bears at New York Jets – Game summary
\|date\={{tooltip\|September 22\|Monday}}
\|time\=8:30 p.m. \[\[Eastern Time Zone\|EDT]]/7:30 p.m. CDT
\|road\='''Bears'''
\|R1\=14\|R2\=3\|R3\=7\|R4\=3
\|home\=Jets
\|H1\=3\|H2\=10\|H3\=3\|H4\=3
\|stadium\=\[\[MetLife Stadium]], \[\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]]
\|attendance\=78,160
\|weather\={{convert\|60\|F\|C}}, clear
\|referee\=\[\[Jerome Boger]]
\|TV\=\[\[Monday Night Football\|ESPN]]
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Mike Tirico]], \[\[Jon Gruden]] and \[\[Lisa Salters]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014092200/2014/REG3/bears@jets Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56217/NYJ\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Ryan Mundy]] 45 yard interception return, \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 14:28 (CHI 7–0\).
\*CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]] 7 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], Robbie Gould XP good, 9:54 (CHI 14–0\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 40 yards, 0:21'''
\*NYJ – \[\[Nick Folk]] 43 yard field goal, 3:42 (CHI 14–3\). '''Drive: 11 plays, 55 yards, 6:12'''
;Second quarter
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 24 yard field goal, 13:54 (CHI 17–3\). '''Drive: 15 plays, 79 yards, 4:48'''
\*NYJ – Nick Folk 28 yard field goal, 9:57 (CHI 17–6\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 66 yards, 3:57'''
\*NYJ – \[\[Jeremy Kerley]] 19 yard pass from \[\[Geno Smith]], Nick Folk XP good, 3:45 (CHI 17–13\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 77 yards, 3:36'''
;Third quarter
\*CHI – Martellus Bennett 13 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 11:28 (CHI 24–13\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 80 yards, 3:32'''
\*NYJ – Nick Folk 22 yard field goal, 0:27 (CHI 24–16\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 24 yards, 3:27'''
;Fourth quarter
\*NYJ – Nick Folk 42 yard field goal, 9:52 (CHI 24–19\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 41 yards, 4:10'''
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 45 yard field goal, 3:10 (CHI 27–19\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 46 yards, 6:42'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 23/38, 225 yards, 2 TD
\* NYJ – \[\[Geno Smith]], 26/43, 316 yards, 1 TD, 2 INT
;Top rushers
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 13 carries, 33 yards
\* NYJ – \[\[Chris Ivory]], 10 carries, 44 yards
;Top receivers
\* CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]], 8 receptions, 105 yards
\* NYJ – \[\[Jeremy Kerley]], 7 receptions, 81 yards, 1 TD
;Top tacklers
\* CHI – \[\[Jon Bostic]], 6 tackles
\* NYJ – \[\[Demario Davis]], 7 tackles
}}
The Bears traveled to [East Rutherford, New Jersey](/wiki/East_Rutherford%2C_New_Jersey "East Rutherford, New Jersey") to play the [New York Jets](/wiki/2014_New_York_Jets_season "2014 New York Jets season") on *[Monday Night Football](/wiki/Monday_Night_Football "Monday Night Football")*, the Bears having won the last three meeting between the two since 2001, the last being a 38–34 win in [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season "2010 Chicago Bears season"), and the Bears led the all\-time series 7–3\. When comparing the two teams, Brad Gagnon of [CBSSports.com](/wiki/CBSSports.com "CBSSports.com") stated they are "complete opposites", with [Marc Trestman](/wiki/Marc_Trestman "Marc Trestman") being a pass\-first coach, while [Rex Ryan](/wiki/Rex_Ryan "Rex Ryan") prefers running first; as a result, while the Bears were ranked higher in passer rating (9th to 25th) and QB rating against (4th to 26th), the Jets had the advantage in yards per carry (5th to 23rd) and yards per carry against (3rd to 28th). In the running game, Gagnon writes the Bears' 23rd\-ranked rushing offense would have trouble against the third\-ranked Jets run defense, which had allowed only 2\.8 yards per carry. He adds that as a result, the Bears would be forced to throw – 71 percent of Chicago's offensive plays had been passing, the most in the league, which Gagnon states is not a "good thing", as the five teams with the highest passing percentage in the NFL in 2013 had losing records.{{cite web\|last\=Gagnon\|first\=Brad\|url\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\-on\-football/24719859/bears\-jets\-preview\-12\-things\-to\-know\-about\-week\-3s\-mnf\-game\|title\=Bears\-Jets Preview: 12 things to know about Week 3's Monday night game\|publisher\=\[\[CBSSports.com]]\|date\=September 21, 2014\|access\-date\=September 23, 2014}} Additionally, the passing attack would have to defend against the rush, with the Jets blitzing 75 percent of the time; New York had recorded 47 sacks since week one of 2013, tied for the 10th most in the league, while [Pro Football Focus](/wiki/Pro_Football_Focus "Pro Football Focus") ranked [Muhammad Wilkerson](/wiki/Muhammad_Wilkerson "Muhammad Wilkerson") and [Sheldon Richardson](/wiki/Sheldon_Richardson "Sheldon Richardson") as the top 12 pass\-rushing [3–4 defensive](/wiki/3%E2%80%934_defense "3–4 defense") ends in the NFL, with [Quinton Coples](/wiki/Quinton_Coples "Quinton Coples") having the most QB pressures of a 3–4 OLB with ten. However, Jay Cutler had completed 67 percent of passes under pressure, the second\-most in the NFL. the Bears led the league in completions of four yards or more on first down with 21,{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/21/joniaks\-keys\-to\-the\-game\-bears\-jets/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Jets\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=September 21, 2014\|access\-date\=September 23, 2014}} and despite injuries to Brandon Marshall and Alshon Jeffery, the passing game could have a chance against a secondary that struggled in the previous week against the Packers. Matt Forte would also be a viable passing option, but the Jets had the fifth\-fewest receiving yards by an RB allowed with 28\.5 On defense, the Bears would have to stop the Jets' rushing game, which led the league with 358 total rushing yards, while tying for third in the NFL with 33 runs of four yards or more, and averaged 5\.54 yards on first down. [Chris Ivory](/wiki/Chris_Ivory "Chris Ivory") also had the highest rushing average with 6\.3 yards, while the Jets averaged 5 yards offensively, and the Bears were allowing 5\.3 yards per carry, while allowing a total of 320 yards and four touchdowns on 60 carries. On special teams, the Bears had promoted [Rashad Ross](/wiki/Rashad_Ross "Rashad Ross"), who averaged 32 return yards with the [Washington Redskins](/wiki/Washington_Redskins "Washington Redskins") in the preseason, from the practice squad, which appeared to be an improvement over [Senorise Perry](/wiki/Senorise_Perry "Senorise Perry"), who had returned only two of eleven kickoffs in the first two games of the season. The betting line for the game was New York by \-2\.5\.{{cite web\|last\=Wilkening\|first\=Mike\|url\=http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\-09\-21/bears\-vs\-jets\-line\-pick\-spread\-odds\-prediction\-betting\-vegas\-week\-3\-nfl\|title\=Bears vs. Jets betting preview and pick – High total posted for traditionally low\-scoring matchup\|work\=\[\[Sporting News]]\|date\=September 21, 2014\|access\-date\=September 23, 2014}} The Bears' captains were Cutler, Lance Briggs, and [Danny McCray](/wiki/Danny_McCray "Danny McCray"),{{cite web\|last\=Fishbain\|first\=Kevin\|url\=http://www.chicagofootball.com/2014/09/23/notebook\-opportunistic\-bears\-take\-w\-from\-jets/a8jvatu/\|title\=Notebook: Opportunistic Bears take 'W' from Jets\|publisher\=Chicago Football\|date\=September 22, 2014\|access\-date\=September 23, 2014\|archive\-date\=September 26, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926141452/http://www.chicagofootball.com/2014/09/23/notebook\-opportunistic\-bears\-take\-w\-from\-jets/a8jvatu/\|url\-status\=dead}} while Sherrick McManis, [Shea McClellin](/wiki/Shea_McClellin "Shea McClellin"), Roberto Garza, Matt Slauson, Charles Leno, and [Trevor Scott](/wiki/Trevor_Scott "Trevor Scott") were not active.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Jets/3d92fc91\-9414\-492c\-9c5b\-aa4bdfb3dfd7\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Jets\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 22, 2014\|access\-date\=September 24, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215075101/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Jets/3d92fc91\-9414\-492c\-9c5b\-aa4bdfb3dfd7\|archive\-date\=December 15, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
The Bears won the coin toss, and deferred until the second half.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.covers.com/articles/articles.aspx?theArt\=387710\|title\=Bears\-Jets: What we learned\|publisher\=Covers.com\|access\-date\=September 26, 2014}} On the second play of the Jets' first drive, Smith's fake [screen pass](/wiki/Screen_pass "Screen pass") was intercepted by [Ryan Mundy](/wiki/Ryan_Mundy "Ryan Mundy"), scoring on a 45\-yard return.{{cite news\|last\=Potash\|first\=Mark\|url\=https://www.suntimes.com/30044333\-606/kyle\-fuller\-ryan\-mundy\-pick\-the\-jets\-clean.html\#.VCY6fvldWSo\|title\=Kyle Fuller, Ryan Mundy pick the Jets clean\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Sun\-Times]]\|date\=September 22, 2014\|access\-date\=September 26, 2014}} After the Jets punted, the Bears also were forced to punt, but [Jalen Saunders](/wiki/Jalen_Saunders "Jalen Saunders") muffed the punt, which was recovered by [Ahmad Dixon](/wiki/Ahmad_Dixon "Ahmad Dixon"). Four plays later, Jay Cutler threw a seven\-yard touchdown pass to Martellus Bennett, with New York scoring the final points of the first quarter via [Nick Folk](/wiki/Nick_Folk "Nick Folk")'s 43\-yard field goal. Both teams exchanged field goals on their first drives of the second quarter. On the Jets' next drive, Smith connected with [Jeremy Kerley](/wiki/Jeremy_Kerley "Jeremy Kerley") on a 19\-yard pass to make the score 17–13\. On the Bears' following possession,{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554288\.\=0\|title\=Chicago Bears vs. New York Jets – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=September 26, 2014}} Cutler was stripped by [David Harris](/wiki/David_Harris_%28American_football%29 "David Harris (American football)"), with [Demario Davis](/wiki/Demario_Davis "Demario Davis") scoring on the return. However, the officials had believed Cutler was downed prior to losing the ball, and while a challenge ruled the play as a fumble, the touchdown was not recorded. Despite the takeaway, the Jets would be forced to punt.{{cite news\|last\=Slater\|first\=Darryl\|url\=http://www.nj.com/jets/index.ssf/2014/09/demario\_davis\_criticizes\_officiating\_after\_whistle\_negates\_his\_fumble\_return\_for\_touchdown\_in\_bears\-.html\|title\=Demario Davis criticizes officiating after whistle negates his fumble return for TD in Bears\-Jets\|publisher\=\[\[NJ.com]]\|date\=September 23, 2014\|access\-date\=September 26, 2014}} The half would end with no additional scoring. On Chicago's first drive of the second half, Cutler threw a 13\-yard touchdown pass to Bennett. After both teams traded punts, Smith and the Jets reached the Bears' 18\-yard line, but was his pass intended for [David Nelson](/wiki/David_Nelson_%28wide_receiver%29 "David Nelson (wide receiver)") was intercepted by Kyle Fuller in the endzone. The Jets would later kick a 22\-yard field goal. In the final quarter, Folk kicked a 42\-yarder, with Robbie Gould kicking one of 45 yards on the next drive, the score becoming 27–19\. On New York's final drive of the game, the offense reached the Bears' nine\-yard line, but on 4th and 5, Smith's pass for Kerley was defended by rookie [Brock Vereen](/wiki/Brock_Vereen "Brock Vereen"),{{cite news\|last\=Biggs\|first\=Brad\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/ct\-biggs\-film\-session\-bears\-spt\-0924\-20140924\-story.html\|title\=Four Bears rookies make big plays for defense\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=September 23, 2014\|access\-date\=September 26, 2014}} and despite catching the ball, Kerley was out of bounds.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Quick\-start\-strong\-finish\-lift\-Bears/e952171e\-9ca6\-4ee3\-ae27\-5ebf7bc5ea08\|title\=Quick start, strong finish lift Bears\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 22, 2014\|access\-date\=September 26, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925072939/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Quick\-start\-strong\-finish\-lift\-Bears/e952171e\-9ca6\-4ee3\-ae27\-5ebf7bc5ea08\|archive\-date\=September 25, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} The Bears kneeled three times to end the game.
The game marked the first time since week 16 of [2012](/wiki/2012_Chicago_Bears_season "2012 Chicago Bears season") against the [Arizona Cardinals](/wiki/Arizona_Cardinals "Arizona Cardinals") that the Bears allowed fewer than 20 points in a game.{{cite news\|last\=Biggs\|first\=Brad\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\-brad\-biggs\-10\-thoughts\-bears\-jets\-20140923\-story.html\#page\=1\|title\=10 thoughts after Bears' win over Jets\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=September 23, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014}} Fuller, who was making his first career start, became the first NFL player in the last 20 years to record three interceptions and two forced fumbles in the first three games.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/What\-we\-learned\-in\-win\-over\-Jets/78266033\-02e0\-4f30\-8f95\-ee417c9ebb6f\|title\=What we learned in win over Jets\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 23, 2014\|access\-date\=September 26, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926060540/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/What\-we\-learned\-in\-win\-over\-Jets/78266033\-02e0\-4f30\-8f95\-ee417c9ebb6f\|archive\-date\=September 26, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
#### Week 4: vs. Green Bay Packers
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\=background\-color:\#03182f; color:\#df6108; border:2px solid \#df6108; text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Four: Green Bay Packers at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\=September 28
\|time\=12:00 p.m. CDT
\|road\='''Packers'''
\|R1\=7\|R2\=14\|R3\=10\|R4\=7
\|home\=Bears
\|H1\=7\|H2\=10\|H3\=0\|H4\=0
\|stadium\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
\|attendance\=61,736
\|weather\={{convert\|70\|F\|C}}, partly cloudy
\|referee\=\[\[Terry McAulay]]
\|TV\=Fox
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Kevin Burkhardt]], \[\[John Lynch (American football)\|John Lynch]] and \[\[Pam Oliver]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014092801/2014/REG4/packers@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56220/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Brandon Marshall]] 6 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 6:30 (CHI 7–0\). '''Drive: 15 plays, 80 yards, 8:30'''
\*GB – \[\[Eddie Lacy]] 2 yard run, \[\[Mason Crosby]] XP good, 4:08 (TIE 7–7\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 81 yards, 2:22'''
;Second quarter
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 23 yard field goal, 13:58 (CHI 10–7\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 75 yards, 5:10'''
\*GB – \[\[Jordy Nelson]] 3 yard pass from \[\[Aaron Rodgers]], Mason Crosby XP good, 10:11 (GB 14–10\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 78 yards, 3:47'''
\*CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 8 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 3:50 (CHI 17–14\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 80 yards, 6:21'''
\*GB – \[\[Randall Cobb (American football)\|Randall Cobb]] 22 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 1:03 (GB 21–17\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 61 plays, 2:47'''
;Third quarter
\*GB – Mason Crosby 53 yard field goal, 10:57 (GB 24–17\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 35 yards, 4:03'''
\*GB – Jordy Nelson 11 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 4:28 (GB 31–17\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 35 yards, 3:01'''
;Fourth quarter
\*GB – Randall Cobb 3 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 14:52 (GB 38–17\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 11 yards, 1:41'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* GB – \[\[Aaron Rodgers]], 22/28, 302 yards, 4 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 22/34, 256 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT
;Top rushers
\* GB – \[\[Eddie Lacy]], 17 carries, 48 yards, 1 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 23 carries, 122 yards
;Top receivers
\* GB – \[\[Jordy Nelson]], 10 receptions, 108 yards, 2 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]], 9 receptions, 134 yards
;Top tacklers
\* GB – \[\[Morgan Burnett]], 12 tackles
\* CHI – \[\[Ryan Mundy]], 8 tackles
}}
For week four, the Bears donned their 1940s throwbacks{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Kickoff\-Countdown\-Bears\-Packers/e02eebe0\-c035\-40ec\-98c5\-34b476b18212\|title\=Kickoff Countdown: Bears\-Packers\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 28, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104644/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Kickoff\-Countdown\-Bears\-Packers/e02eebe0\-c035\-40ec\-98c5\-34b476b18212\|archive\-date\=October 6, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} when they hosted the 1–2 [Packers](/wiki/2014_Green_Bay_Packers_season "2014 Green Bay Packers season"), the Bears having led the [all\-time series](/wiki/Bears-Packers_rivalry "Bears-Packers rivalry") 93–89–2, but the Packers had won 9 of the previous 11 games.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.packers.com/news\-and\-events/article\-infographic/article\-1/Infographic\-Packers\-vs\-Bears\-game\-preview/109ba113\-961b\-483f\-bbb5\-0f4bce6a7401\|title\=Infographic: Packers vs. Bears game preview\|work\=\[\[Green Bay Packers]]\|date\=September 26, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928034403/http://www.packers.com/news\-and\-events/article\-infographic/article\-1/Infographic\-Packers\-vs\-Bears\-game\-preview/109ba113\-961b\-483f\-bbb5\-0f4bce6a7401\|archive\-date\=September 28, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} On offense, the Bears' worst\-ranked rushing game (64 yards per game){{cite web\|last\=Taft\|first\=Jay\|url\=http://www.journalstandard.com/article/20140926/SPORTS/140929425/10483/SPORTS\|title\=Why can't the Bears run?\|newspaper\=\[\[The Journal Standard]]\|date\=September 26, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014\|archive\-date\=September 29, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929233407/http://www.journalstandard.com/article/20140926/SPORTS/140929425/10483/SPORTS\|url\-status\=dead}} had a chance to produce against the Packers, who were ranked 30th by allowing 156 yards per game, while opponents had run a league\-most 37\.3 times per game while scoring an also league\-high five rushing touchdowns.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/26/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-packers/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Packers\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=September 26, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014}} Also, Matt Forte had recorded 336 yards and four touchdowns against the Packers in his last two games. The offense also was challenged by the pass defense, with defenders [Sam Shields](/wiki/Sam_Shields "Sam Shields") and [Tramon Williams](/wiki/Tramon_Williams "Tramon Williams"), who were stingy in [man coverage](/wiki/Man-to-man_defense "Man-to-man defense"). For the Bears' defense, the Packers had also struggled on the run, ranking 26th in the league with a 78\-yard rushing average{{cite web\|last\=Durkin\|first\=Dan\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/27/durkins\-preview\-despite\-their\-record\-packers\-still\-dangerous/\|title\=Durkin's Preview: Despite Their Record, Packers Still Dangerous\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=September 27, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014}} and the longest run being of 17 yards, while having averaged only 3\.63 yards per carry. Additionally, Green Bay was ranked 28th in the league in yards. However, the team faced the Packers' passing attack, which featured the receiving duo of [Jordy Nelson](/wiki/Jordy_Nelson "Jordy Nelson") and [Randall Cobb](/wiki/Randall_Cobb_%28American_football%29 "Randall Cobb (American football)"). The former led the league in targets (37\) and first downs (16\), while ranking second in receiving yards (351\), while the Bears had struggled with covering [slant](/wiki/Slant_%28route%29 "Slant (route)") and dig routes, both of which Nelson excelled at. The latter had three touchdowns in 2014, but was used primarily for [hitch](/wiki/Hitch_%28route%29 "Hitch (route)") and stick routes.{{cite web\|last\=Durkin\|first\=Dan\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/25/durkin\-know\-your\-opponent\-green\-bay\-packers\-4/\|title\=Durkin: Know Your Opponent – Green Bay Packers\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=September 25, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014}} The Packers were two\-point favorites.{{cite news\|url\=http://www.jsonline.com/sports/packers/preview\-packers\-at\-bears\-b99359596z1\-277350741\.html\|title\=Preview: Packers at Bears\|newspaper\=\[\[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]\|date\=September 27, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014}} Sherrick McManis, Shea McClellin, Roberto Garza, Matt Slauson, Jared Allen, Charles Leno, and [Jeremiah Ratliff](/wiki/Jeremiah_Ratliff "Jeremiah Ratliff") were inactive.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Packers/30de4518\-ae12\-475c\-b680\-e2f9490fe469\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Packers\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 28, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006081948/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Packers/30de4518\-ae12\-475c\-b680\-e2f9490fe469\|archive\-date\=October 6, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} [Kyle Long](/wiki/Kyle_Long "Kyle Long"), Alshon Jeffery, and Ryan Mundy served as team captains for the game, while the honorary captains were [Dick Butkus](/wiki/Dick_Butkus "Dick Butkus") and [Kurt Becker](/wiki/Kurt_Becker "Kurt Becker").
The Packers won the coin toss, and decided to kick. On the first drive, the Bears scored on Jay Cutler's six\-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall, which the Packers responded with [Eddie Lacy](/wiki/Eddie_Lacy "Eddie Lacy")'s two\-yard touchdown run. During Chicago's next drive,{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554207\.\=0\|title\=Green Bay Packers vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=October 3, 2014}} on 4th and 1, Cutler fumbled the snap, and upon picking up the ball, recorded a 16\-yard run on an accidental [fumblerooski](/wiki/Fumblerooski "Fumblerooski").{{cite web\|last\=Katzowitz\|first\=Josh\|url\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\-on\-football/24728517/jay\-cutler\-fumbles\-snap\-on\-fourth\-down\-turns\-it\-into\-long\-gain\|title\=Bears' Jay Cutler reinvents the fumblerooski vs. Packers\|publisher\=\[\[CBSSports.com]]\|date\=September 24, 2014\|access\-date\=October 3, 2014}} The drive continued into the second quarter, ended with Robbie Gould kicking a 23\-yard field goal. The two teams exchanged touchdowns on the final three plays: [Aaron Rodgers](/wiki/Aaron_Rodgers "Aaron Rodgers")' three\-yard pass to Nelson, Cutler's eight\-yard pass to Jeffery, and Rodgers' 22\-yard pass to Cobb. The Bears reached the Packers' nine\-yard line by the final play of the first half; on the play, Cutler's pass for Bennett was ruled short of a touchdown. During the television review, [Micah Hyde](/wiki/Micah_Hyde_%28American_football%29 "Micah Hyde (American football)") covered the camera angle,{{cite news\|last\=Dunne\|first\=Tyler\|url\=http://www.jsonline.com/blogs/sports/277373581\.html\|title\=Rodgers, Packers shine with big victory over Bears\|newspaper\=\[\[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]\|date\=September 28, 2014\|access\-date\=October 3, 2014}} preventing the touchdown and ending the half with the Packers leading 21–17\. In the third quarter, the Packers drove to the Bears' 34\-yard line, where Rodgers completed a touchdown pass to [Davante Adams](/wiki/Davante_Adams "Davante Adams"), which would be nullified by a holding penalty on center [Corey Linsley](/wiki/Corey_Linsley "Corey Linsley"); Crosby would eventually kick a 53\-yard field goal. Afterwards, Cutler's pass for [Josh Morgan](/wiki/Josh_Morgan "Josh Morgan") would be tipped by Williams and intercepted by [Clay Matthews](/wiki/Clay_Matthews_III "Clay Matthews III"), with Green Bay capitalizing on the takeaway with Rodgers' 11\-yard touchdown pass to Nelson.{{cite web\|last\=Wright\|first\=Michael C.\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\_/id/4694598/first\-jay\-cutler\-int\-set\-rout\-in\-motion\|title\=Jay Cutler's first interception set rout in motion\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=September 28, 2014\|access\-date\=October 5, 2014}} On the next drive, Shields intercepted Cutler, and Crosby kicked a 23\-yard field goal; however, a holding penalty on [Jon Bostic](/wiki/Jon_Bostic "Jon Bostic") led to Rodgers' three\-yard touchdown pass to Cobb. On Chicago's next drive, Williams intercepted Cutler, but the play would be nullified; the Bears would subsequently punt. On the Packers' next drive, they would reach the Bears' 20\-yard line before Crosby's field goal was blocked by [Willie Young](/wiki/Willie_Young_%28defensive_end%29 "Willie Young (defensive end)"), the first block by the Bears in over a year.{{cite news\|last\=Biggs\|first\=Brad\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\-brad\-biggs\-10\-thoughts\-bears\-packers\-20140928\-story.html\|title\=10 thoughts after Bears' loss to Packers\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=September 29, 2014\|access\-date\=October 11, 2014}} [Jimmy Clausen](/wiki/Jimmy_Clausen "Jimmy Clausen") replaced Cutler on the final drive, and the Bears ran out the clock to end the game.
The Bears recorded 496 yards, the first time since [1979](/wiki/1979_Chicago_Bears_season "1979 Chicago Bears season") against the [Minnesota Vikings](/wiki/1979_Minnesota_Vikings_season "1979 Minnesota Vikings season") that the Bears recorded such yardage and lost. The last time the team recorded more than 496 yards and lost occurred in [1947](/wiki/1947_Chicago_Bears_season "1947 Chicago Bears season") against the [Los Angeles Rams](/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams "Los Angeles Rams") and [Chicago Cardinals](/wiki/Chicago_Cardinals "Chicago Cardinals").{{cite news\|last\=Potash\|first\=Mark\|url\=http://www.suntimes.com/sports/30178370\-606/jay\-cutler\-can\-share\-blame\-for\-loss\-to\-packers.html\#.VDISu\_ldWSo\|title\=FIRST\-AND\-10: 10 thoughts on the Bears\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Sun\-Times]]\|date\=September 29, 2014\|access\-date\=October 5, 2014}} Additionally, the rushing attack recorded 102 yards in the first quarter, the first time Chicago recorded at least 100 rushing yards in the first quarter since [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season "2010 Chicago Bears season") against the [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/Carolina_Panthers "Carolina Panthers"). The game was only the second in NFL history to have no total punts.
#### Week 5: at Carolina Panthers
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Five: Chicago Bears at Carolina Panthers – Game summary
\|date\=October 5
\|time\=1:00 p.m. EDT/12:00 p.m. CDT
\|road\=Bears
\|R1\=14\|R2\=7\|R3\=3\|R4\=0
\|home\='''Panthers'''
\|H1\=7\|H2\=7\|H3\=7\|H4\=10
\|stadium\=\[\[Bank of America Stadium]], \[\[Charlotte, North Carolina]]
\|attendance\=73,659
\|weather\={{convert\|60\|F\|C}}, sunny
\|referee\=\[\[Tony Corrente]]
\|TV\=Fox
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Thom Brennaman]], \[\[David Diehl]] and \[\[Laura Okmin]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014100500/2014/REG5/bears@panthers Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56232/CAR\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*CAR – \[\[Philly Brown]] 79 yard punt return, \[\[Graham Gano]] XP good, 10:56 (CAR 7–0\).
\*CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]] 10 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 4:31 (TIE 7–7\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 28 yards, 0:47'''
\*CHI – Jay Cutler 10 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 2:13 (CHI 14–7\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 13 yards, 1:21'''
;Second quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 25 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 10:51 (CHI 21–7\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 68 yards, 5:20'''
\*CAR – \[\[Greg Olsen (American football)\|Greg Olsen]] 12 yard pass from \[\[Cam Newton]], Graham Gano XP good, 0:12 (CHI 21–14\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 74 yards, 1:39'''
;Third quarter
\*CAR – \[\[Chris Ogbonnaya]] 1 yard run, Graham Gano XP good, 7:16 (TIE 21–21\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 86 yards, 4:00'''
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 45 yard field goal, 2:38 (CHI 24–21\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 53 yards, 4:38'''
;Fourth quarter
\*CAR – Graham Gano 44 yard field goal, 4:29 (TIE 24–24\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 6 yards, 1:27'''
\*CAR – Greg Olsen 6 yard pass from Cam Newton, Graham Gano XP good, 2:18 (CAR 31–24\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 23 yards, 2:00'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 28/36, 289 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT
\* CAR – \[\[Cam Newton]], 19/35, 255 yards, 2 TD, 1 INT
;Top rushers
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 17 carries, 61 yards
\* CAR – \[\[Darrin Reaves]], 11 carries, 65 yards
;Top receivers
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 12 receptions, 105 yards, 1 TD
\* CAR – \[\[Greg Olsen (American football)\|Greg Olsen]], 6 receptions, 72 yards, 2 TD
;Top tacklers
\* CHI – \[\[Jared Allen]], 2 tackles
\* CAR – \[\[Luke Kuechly]], 11 tackles
}}
In week five, the Bears, looking to go 3–0 on the road for the first time since [2006](/wiki/2006_Chicago_Bears_season "2006 Chicago Bears season"), visited the 2–2 [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/2014_Carolina_Panthers_season "2014 Carolina Panthers season"), the Bears having led the all\-time series 5–3, and also having won the most recent meeting in 2012 23–22\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=chi\&tm2\=car\&yr\=all\|title\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs Carolina Panthers\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014}} The Bears had been plagued by inconsistency during the season, for example in the passing attack, with Jay Cutler, playing in his first away game with Chicago against Carolina, completing 67\.5 percent in the two home games with four touchdowns and four interceptions while posting an 84\.7 rating. On the road, he had completed 63\.9 percent of passes with six touchdowns and no interceptions, along with a 106\.3 rating. In two games against the Panthers, Cutler had thrown a touchdown and two picks with a 69\.5 passer rating. The Bears had to protect Cutler from a Panthers defense that recorded 60 sacks in 2013, and despite missing [Greg Hardy](/wiki/Greg_Hardy "Greg Hardy"), featured defending [Defensive Player of the Year](/wiki/AP_NFL_Defensive_Player_of_the_Year_Award "AP NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award") [Luke Kuechly](/wiki/Luke_Kuechly "Luke Kuechly") and [Star Lotulelei](/wiki/Star_Lotulelei "Star Lotulelei"). However, Panthers' cornerback [Antoine Cason](/wiki/Antoine_Cason "Antoine Cason") was struggling during the year, having allowed three touchdowns. Additionally, the Panthers' had allowed 75 points the last two games, compared to 21 in the first two weeks, and while allowing an average 201\.7 passing yards in the first three games, the team permitted the [Baltimore Ravens](/wiki/Baltimore_Ravens "Baltimore Ravens")' [Joe Flacco](/wiki/Joe_Flacco "Joe Flacco") to throw for 327 passing yards in their last game. On the ground, the Bears had an advantage against the Panthers' 27th\-ranked rushing defense, which allowed 140\.8 rushing yards per game,{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\=400554200\|title\=Bears\-Panthers Preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=October 12, 2014}} 264 rushing yards two games prior against the [Pittsburgh Steelers](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers "Pittsburgh Steelers"),{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/03/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-panthers/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Panthers\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=October 3, 2014\|access\-date\=October 12, 2014}} and a total 391 rushing yards in the last two games.{{cite web\|last\=Newton\|first\=David\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/carolina\-panthers/post/\_/id/9237/prediction\-panthers\-will\-beat\-bears\|title\=Prediction: Panthers will beat Bears\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=October 3, 2014\|access\-date\=October 12, 2014}} The Bears also had a chance to capitalize on the Panthers' worst\-ranked red zone offenses and defenses, with Chicago boasting a second\- and sixth\-ranked red zone offense and defense, respectively.{{cite web\|last1\=Newton\|first1\=David\|last2\=Wright\|first2\=Michael C.\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/carolina\-panthers/post/\_/id/9173/bears\-vs\-panthers\-preview\|title\=Bears vs. Panthers preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=October 2, 2014\|access\-date\=October 12, 2014}} The Panthers were the \-2\.5 favorite for the game's betting line.{{cite web\|last\=Wilkening\|first\=Mike\|url\=http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\-10\-02/bears\-vs\-panthers\-line\-pick\-spread\-betting\-odds\-prediction\-vegas\-week\-5\-nfl\|title\=Bears vs. Panthers betting preview and pick – Chicago doing best work on road\|work\=\[\[Sporting News]]\|date\=October 2, 2014\|access\-date\=October 12, 2014\|archive\-date\=October 17, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017152007/http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\-10\-02/bears\-vs\-panthers\-line\-pick\-spread\-betting\-odds\-prediction\-vegas\-week\-5\-nfl\|url\-status\=dead}} The Bears' inactives were Sherrick McManis, Ahmad Dixon, Shea McClellin, Roberto Garza, Charles Leno, and Jeremiah Ratliff,{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Panthers/a8264877\-2266\-4ba5\-8620\-7e955d1b0622\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Panthers\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 3, 2014\|access\-date\=October 12, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007083119/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Panthers/a8264877\-2266\-4ba5\-8620\-7e955d1b0622\|archive\-date\=October 7, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} while Matt Slauson, [D.J. Williams](/wiki/D._J._Williams_%28linebacker%29 "D. J. Williams (linebacker)"), and Robbie Gould were the captains.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Kickoff\-Countdown\-Bears\-Panthers/411492bf\-01b4\-4293\-bb3c\-2c5c5e4d8c78\|title\=Kickoff Countdown: Bears\-Panthers\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 3, 2014\|access\-date\=October 12, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008030901/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Kickoff\-Countdown\-Bears\-Panthers/411492bf\-01b4\-4293\-bb3c\-2c5c5e4d8c78\|archive\-date\=October 8, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
After the Bears won the toss and kicked off, the Panthers punted on their drive, and on the punt return, [Santonio Holmes](/wiki/Santonio_Holmes "Santonio Holmes") fumbled the ball out of bounds. The Bears would also be forced to punt,{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554200\.\=0\|title\=Chicago Bears vs. Carolina Panthers – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=October 15, 2014}} and on the return, [Philly Brown](/wiki/Philly_Brown "Philly Brown") was tackled by [Teddy Williams](/wiki/Teddy_Williams_%28American_football%29 "Teddy Williams (American football)") before receiving the ball, and while both teams were attempting to recover the ball, Brown picked up the ball and scored{{cite web\|last\=Sikes\|first\=Caroline\|url\=http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\-10\-05/philly\-brown\-touchdown\-carolina\-panthers\-chicago\-bears\-special\-teams\-punt\-return\|title\=Panthers' Philly Brown scores on wild punt return\|work\=\[\[Sporting News]]\|date\=October 5, 2014\|access\-date\=October 16, 2014\|archive\-date\=October 7, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007090920/http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\-10\-05/philly\-brown\-touchdown\-carolina\-panthers\-chicago\-bears\-special\-teams\-punt\-return\|url\-status\=dead}} on the 79\-yard return. On the Bears' next drive, despite reaching the Panthers' seven\-yard line, Cutler's pass for Brandon Marshall went into double coverage and was intercepted by [Roman Harper](/wiki/Roman_Harper "Roman Harper"),{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/A\-day\-later\-Trestman\-analyzes\-loss/7b6bac69\-5511\-4bf8\-b110\-2a036b74589f\|title\=A day later, Trestman analyzes loss\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 6, 2014\|access\-date\=October 17, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010233132/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/A\-day\-later\-Trestman\-analyzes\-loss/7b6bac69\-5511\-4bf8\-b110\-2a036b74589f\|archive\-date\=October 10, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} who returned the pick 44 yards to the Bears' 49\-yard line, but was ruled down by challenge, and as a result, the Panthers started the drive from their own eight\-yard line. Three plays later, [Isaiah Frey](/wiki/Isaiah_Frey "Isaiah Frey") forced [Kelvin Benjamin](/wiki/Kelvin_Benjamin "Kelvin Benjamin") to fumble, recovering the loose ball at Carolina's 28\-yard line. The Bears would score on Cutler's ten\-yard touchdown pass to Matt Forte; Chicago would then capitalize on another turnover during the Panthers' next drive: after Willie Young strip\-sacked [Cam Newton](/wiki/Cam_Newton "Cam Newton"), Lamarr Houston recovered at Carolina's 18\-yard line, and on the Bears' ensuing drive, Cutler scored on a ten\-yard run, the first rushing touchdown for Cutler since [2011](/wiki/2011_Chicago_Bears_season "2011 Chicago Bears season") and the first for the team in 2014\. The Bears' next drive lasted into the second quarter, and ended with the Bears extending the score to 21–7 after Cutler threw a 25\-yard touchdown pass to Alshon Jeffery. The Panthers then drove to Chicago's 25\-yard line, but the drive ended after Newton's pass was intercepted by a diving Lance Briggs.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\-Briggs\-intercepts\-Newton/34a96551\-f867\-4de8\-b273\-2260fdb88521\|title\=NFLN: Briggs intercepts Newton\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 5, 2014\|access\-date\=October 16, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008030450/http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\-Briggs\-intercepts\-Newton/34a96551\-f867\-4de8\-b273\-2260fdb88521\|archive\-date\=October 8, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} However, the Bears failed to take advantage of the pick, with Gould missing a 35\-yard field goal. On the final drive for Carolina, Newton threw a nine\-yard touchdown pass to [Greg Olsen](/wiki/Greg_Olsen_%28American_football%29 "Greg Olsen (American football)") to make the score at halftime 21–14\. After the Bears punted on their first drive of the second half, the Panthers reached the Bears' seven\-yard line, and a penalty on Kyle Fuller moved the ball to the one\-yard line, where [Chris Ogbonnaya](/wiki/Chris_Ogbonnaya "Chris Ogbonnaya") scored on a one\-yard run to tie the game. Gould would give the Bears the lead again via a 45\-yard field goal. The two teams exchanged punts five times in the fourth quarter, and on Chicago's third possession of the quarter, Cutler's pass for Holmes was overthrown and intercepted by [Thomas DeCoud](/wiki/Thomas_DeCoud "Thomas DeCoud"), which set up a [Graham Gano](/wiki/Graham_Gano "Graham Gano") 44\-yard field goal. On the Bears' next play, Forte was stripped by Cason, and [Kawann Short](/wiki/Kawann_Short "Kawann Short") recovered. Six plays later, Cam Newton threw a 6\-yard touchdown pass to Olsen to take the 31–24 lead. On the Bears' final drive, the offense faced 4th\-and\-21 from their own 34\-yard line{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-squander\-14\-point\-lead\-in\-loss/e37c56aa\-e9ca\-45cb\-b4bd\-a88c34c8251a\|title\=Bears squander 14\-point lead in loss\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 5, 2014\|access\-date\=October 17, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008080551/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-squander\-14\-point\-lead\-in\-loss/e37c56aa\-e9ca\-45cb\-b4bd\-a88c34c8251a\|archive\-date\=October 8, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} when Cutler fumbled while being sacked by Short, and [Charles Johnson](/wiki/Charles_Johnson_%28defensive_end%29 "Charles Johnson (defensive end)") recovered. Carolina kneeled twice to end the game.
The Bears had three turnovers in the fourth quarter, the second team to do so in 2014, after the [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants "New York Giants"), while committing two turnovers in consecutive possessions during the fourth quarter. In comparison, the team had only one in the first four games. In the passing game, poor production on short passes led to Cutler's struggles on longer throws, completing only one of five passes of 15 yards or more during the game, including two interceptions; entering the game, he was ranked 31st of 33 quarterbacks in completion percentage for such throws with 24 percent. However, the Bears had managed to score multiple passing touchdowns against the Panthers, the fourth time this had happened to the Panthers in 2014; the Panthers had only two games allowed in [2013](/wiki/2013_Carolina_Panthers_season "2013 Carolina Panthers season").{{cite web\|agency\=\[\[Associated Press]]\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/recap?gameId\=400554200\|title\=Cam Newton's TDs to Greg Olsen help Panthers erase 14\-point deficit\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=October 17, 2014}}
#### Week 6: at Atlanta Falcons
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Six: Chicago Bears at Atlanta Falcons – Game summary
\|date\=October 12
\|time\=4:25 p.m. EDT/3:25 p.m. CDT
\|road\='''Bears'''
\|R1\=0\|R2\=13\|R3\=6\|R4\=8
\|home\=Falcons
\|H1\=3\|H2\=0\|H3\=10\|H4\=0
\|stadium\=\[\[Georgia Dome]], \[\[Atlanta]]
\|attendance\=70,712
\|weather\=Played indoors (dome stadium)
\|referee\=\[\[Walt Anderson (American football)\|Walt Anderson]]
\|TV\=Fox
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Justin Kutcher]], David Diehl and Laura Okmin
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014101200/2014/REG6/bears@falcons Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56247/ATL\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*ATL – \[\[Matt Bryant]] 52 yard field goal, 9:41 (ATL 3–0\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 32 yards, 3:21'''
;Second quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Robbie Gould]] 25 yard field, 14:47 (TIE 3–3\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 54 yards, 3:38'''
\*CHI – \[\[Josh Morgan]] 3 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], Robbie Gould XP good, 5:59 (CHI 10–3\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 79 yards, 4:37\)'''
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 28 yard field goal, 0:02 (CHI 13–3\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 83 yards, 4:04'''
;Third quarter
\*ATL – \[\[Antone Smith]] 41 yard pass from \[\[Matt Ryan (American football)\|Matt Ryan]], Matt Bryant XP good, 11:19 (CHI 13–10\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 86 yards, 3:41'''
\*ATL – Matt Bryant 54 yard field goal, 6:19 (TIE 13–13\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 33 yards, 3:13'''
\*CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]] 6 yard run, Robbie Gould XP blocked, 5:06 (CHI 19–13\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 80 yards, 1:13'''
;Fourth quarter
\*CHI – Matt Forte 9 yard run, Jay Cutler pass to \[\[Martellus Bennett]] for two\-point conversion, 10:07 (CHI 27–13\). '''Drive: 15 plays, 87 yards, 8:28'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 26/38, 381 yards, 1 TD
\* ATL – \[\[Matt Ryan (American football)\|Matt Ryan]], 19/37, 271 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT
;Top rushers
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 17 carries, 80 yards, 2 TD
\* ATL – \[\[Steven Jackson]], 6 carries, 25 yards
;Top receivers
\* CHI – Matt Forte, 10 receptions, 77 yards
\* ATL – \[\[Julio Jones]], 4 receptions, 68 yards
;Top tacklers
\* CHI – \[\[Khaseem Greene]], 6 tackles
\* ATL – \[\[Kemal Ishmael]], 6 tackles
}}
The Bears played the 2–3 [Atlanta Falcons](/wiki/2014_Atlanta_Falcons_season "2014 Atlanta Falcons season") in week six,{{cite web\|url\=http://www.footballdb.com/teams/nfl/chicago\-bears/teamvsteam?opp\=2\|title\=Chicago Bears vs. Atlanta Falcons Results\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=October 19, 2014}} the Bears leading the all\-time series between the two 13–12, 5–2 since 2001, and having won the most recent meeting in 2011, 30–12\. Among the players the Bears faced was former returner and receiver [Devin Hester](/wiki/Devin_Hester "Devin Hester"), who had recorded 19 his NFL\-record 20 return touchdowns with the team.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\=400554220\|title\=Bears\-Falcons Preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=October 19, 2014}} Atlanta entered the game with the second\-best passing offense in the league, with the receiver duo of [Julio Jones](/wiki/Julio_Jones "Julio Jones") and [Roddy White](/wiki/Roddy_White "Roddy White") having combined for 56 catches for 765 yards and five touchdowns. The former also led the league with 40 receptions and 552 yards. Hester, despite being 23rd in the NFL with 15\.1 yards on 14 receptions, was one the Bears had to be prepared when he was used as a [slot receiver](/wiki/Slot_receiver "Slot receiver"). Among the goals the Bears' defense had was to rush [Matt Ryan](/wiki/Matt_Ryan_%28American_football%29 "Matt Ryan (American football)"), who – despite being pressured often and tied with Jay Cutler with 130 pass attempts – was one of five quarterbacks with an average of eight yards per pass. Altogether, the Falcons had the third\-best offense in yards gained, first in yards per play with 6\.58, second in red zone touchdown percentage, and third with 29 points per game.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/10/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-falcons/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Falcons\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=October 10, 2014\|access\-date\=October 20, 2014}} However, the Bears offense could attack the Falcons' 28th\-ranked rushing defense, which had been allowing 147\.6 yards per game; the Bears had been recording 116 rushing yards each game.{{cite web\|last\=Neveau\|first\=James\|url\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Bears\-Falcons\-Three\-Keys\-to\-a\-Chicago\-Victory\-\-278934951\.html\|title\=Bears\-Falcons: Three Keys to a Chicago Victory\|publisher\=\[\[WMAQ\-TV]]\|date\=October 12, 2014\|access\-date\=October 20, 2014}} In addition, Atlanta had allowed a league\-leading ten rushing touchdowns and six yards per play, while having the second\-worst sacks per pass attempt with 2\.47 percent, and was one of five teams allowing 400 yards per game. On special teams, Chicago would have to watch out for Hester, who recorded one of the league's four punt return touchdowns in 2014, while recording an average of 14\.4 yards off eight punt returns, and was ranked eighth in the league with a kick return average of 24\.2 yards. The Falcons were predicted by every CBSSports.com analyst to win, and were the \-3\.5 favorite.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/gametracker/preview/NFL\_20141012\_CHI@ATL\|title\=CHICAGO AT ATLANTA\|work\=\[\[CBSSports.com]]\|access\-date\=October 20, 2014}} Brandon Marshall, Danny McCray, and Tim Jennings served as the Bears' captains,{{cite web\|url\=http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/multimedia/photo\-gallery/From\-the\-Sideline\-Bears\-Falcons/fdbcdeda\-1dc5\-4ec1\-9997\-70d9bc443b89\|title\=From the Sideline: Bears\-Falcons\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|access\-date\=October 20, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028212031/http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/multimedia/photo\-gallery/From\-the\-Sideline\-Bears\-Falcons/fdbcdeda\-1dc5\-4ec1\-9997\-70d9bc443b89\|archive\-date\=October 28, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} while Sherrick McManis, Ahmad Dixon, Shea McClellin, Lance Briggs, Jon Bostic, D. J. Williams, and Jermon Bushrod were inactive.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Falcons/a1167127\-8c2a\-446f\-be41\-ce54abc4a2f5\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Falcons\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 12, 2014\|access\-date\=October 20, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014103549/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Falcons/a1167127\-8c2a\-446f\-be41\-ce54abc4a2f5\|archive\-date\=October 14, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
After the Bears won the coin toss, elected to receive, and punted on the first drive, the Falcons scored on their first drive with [Matt Bryant](/wiki/Matt_Bryant "Matt Bryant")'s 52\-yard field goal. After the Bears punted again, Jones was stripped by Kyle Fuller, but recovered; the Falcons would also punt.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554220\.\=0\|title\=Chicago Bears vs. Atlanta Falcons – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=2 September 2016}} On Chicago's next drive, Cutler, after [spiking the ball](/wiki/Spike_%28gridiron_football%29 "Spike (gridiron football)"), was drilled by [Paul Worrilow](/wiki/Paul_Worrilow "Paul Worrilow"), allowing the Bears to gain a first down at the Falcons' 14\-yard line;{{cite news\|last1\=Cunningham\|first1\=Michael\|last2\=Ledbetter\|first2\=D. Orlando\|url\=http://www.ajc.com/news/sports/football/another\-big\-play\-touchdown\-for\-falcons\-rb\-antone\-s/nhhLG/\|title\=Another big\-play touchdown for Falcons RB Antone Smith\|newspaper\=\[\[The Atlanta Journal\-Constitution]]\|date\=October 12, 2014\|access\-date\=October 21, 2014}} the drive lasted into the second quarter, and ended with Robbie Gould's 25\-yard field goal; the Bears extended the lead on their next drive via Cutler's three\-yard touchdown pass to Josh Morgan. The Falcons would be forced to punt again, with Chicago scoring off Gould's 28\-yard field goal, the final scoring play of the first half, the Bears leading 13–3\. After receiving the ball in the second half, the Falcons drove to Chicago's 41\-yard line, where Ryan threw a 41\-yard touchdown pass to [Antone Smith](/wiki/Antone_Smith "Antone Smith"), and the Falcons tied the game on their next possession off Bryant's 54\-yard field goal. On Chicago's drive, the Falcons failed to provide safety assistance at the right side of the field, leading to Cutler throwing a 74\-yard pass to Alshon Jeffery, completing it to the Falcons' five\-yard line, with Matt Forte scoring on the next run, though Gould's extra point would be blocked by [Ra'Shede Hageman](/wiki/Ra%27Shede_Hageman "Ra'Shede Hageman"). Now down by six, the Falcons failed to score, and were forced to punt. In the final quarter, the Bears reached the Falcons' eight\-yard line, where Cutler threw a touchdown pass to Jeffery. However, the score would be nullified by Jeffery stepping out of the endzone on the play. On the next play, Martellus Bennett fought to the nine\-yard line, where Forte scored on the rushing touchdown. The Bears then scored on the two\-point conversion with Cutler's pass to Bennett, putting the Bears up by 14 points, 27–13\. On Atlanta's next drive, Jared Allen recorded his first sack as a Bear,{{cite web\|last\=Neveau\|first\=James\|url\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Bears\-vs\-Falcons\-Cutler\-Forte\-Bennett\-Ryan\-278951081\.html\|title\=Strong Defense Earns Bears 27\-13 Win Over Falcons\|publisher\=\[\[WMAQ\-TV]]\|date\=October 12, 2014\|access\-date\=October 21, 2014}} and would later be forced to punt, and the Bears would also punt. Afterwards, Ryan's pass for Jones would be intercepted by [Demontre Hurst](/wiki/Demontre_Hurst "Demontre Hurst"), though the Bears would have to punt. The Falcons' final drive ended with a turnover on downs, and Cutler would kneel thrice to end the game.
The Bears became the first team to win 750 total games.{{cite web\|last\=Newberry\|first\=Paul\|url\=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/79c4f5a8b1da4a04ab1d7ae9ef2f3211/cutler\-leads\-road\-warrior\-bears\-past\-falcons\-27\-13\|title\=Cutler leads road\-warrior Bears past Falcons 27\-13\|agency\=\[\[Associated Press]]\|date\=October 12, 2014\|access\-date\=October 24, 2014\|archive\-date\=October 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027040654/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/79c4f5a8b1da4a04ab1d7ae9ef2f3211/cutler\-leads\-road\-warrior\-bears\-past\-falcons\-27\-13\|url\-status\=dead}} It took only 4 road games for the Bears to match their road win total from last season (the Bears were 3–5 on the road during the 2013 season). The 13 points allowed by the Bears were the fewest that they had ever allowed in a game under Marc Trestman.{{cite news\|last\=LeGere\|first\=Bob\|url\=http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20141018/sports/141018168/\|title\=Trio of Bears LBs proved their worth vs. Falcons\|newspaper\=\[\[Daily Herald (Arlington Heights)\|Daily Herald]]\|date\=October 18, 2014\|access\-date\=October 21, 2014}} It was also fewest that they allowed in a game since Week 12 of the 2012 season when they held the Vikings to 10 points. When the Bears held a two\-touchdown lead, Falcons fans began leaving the Dome, with Bears fans forcing the Falcons to utilize silent counts and had to call a timeout due to crowd noise and a ticking play clock.{{cite news\|last\=Cunningham\|first\=Michael\|url\=http://www.ajc.com/news/sports/football/noisy\-bears\-fans\-in\-dome\-affected\-falcons/nhjtJ/\|title\=Noisy Bears fans in Dome affected Falcons\|newspaper\=\[\[The Atlanta Journal\-Constitution]]\|date\=October 15, 2014\|access\-date\=October 24, 2014}}
#### Week 7: vs. Miami Dolphins
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Seven: Miami Dolphins at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\=October 19
\|time\=12:00 p.m. CDT
\|road\='''Dolphins'''
\|R1\=7\|R2\=7\|R3\=7\|R4\=6
\|home\=Bears
\|H1\=0\|H2\=0\|H3\=7\|H4\=7
\|stadium\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
\|attendance\=62,413
\|weather\={{convert\|50\|F\|C}}, partly cloudy
\|referee\=\[\[Pete Morelli]]
\|TV\=\[\[NFL on CBS\|CBS]]
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Greg Gumbel]], \[\[Trent Green]] and \[\[Evan Washburn]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014101902/2014/REG7/dolphins@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56264/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*MIA – \[\[Charles Clay (American football)\|Charles Clay]] 13 yard pass from \[\[Ryan Tannehill]], \[\[Caleb Sturgis]] XP good, 6:51 (MIA 7–0\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 81 yards, 4:24'''
;Second quarter
\*MIA – \[\[Mike Wallace (American football)\|Mike Wallace]] 10 yard pass from Ryan Tannehill, Caleb Sturgis XP good, 5:20 (MIA 14–0\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 23 yards, 1:33'''
;Third quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]] 10 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 7:59 (MIA 14–7\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 80 yards, 7:01'''
\*MIA – \[\[Lamar Miller]] 2 yard run, Caleb Sturgis XP good, 0:31 (MIA 21–7\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 83 yards, 7:28'''
;Fourth quarter
\*MIA – Caleb Sturgis 33 yard field goal, 13:31 (MIA 24–7\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 2 yards, 0:52'''
\*CHI – Matt Forte 1 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 7:38 (MIA 24–14\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 73 yards, 2:05'''
\*MIA – Caleb Sturgis 19 yard field goal, 2:13 (MIA 27–14\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 65 yards, 5:25'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* MIA – \[\[Ryan Tannehill]], 25/32, 277 yards, 2 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 21/34, 190 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT
;Top rushers
\* MIA – \[\[Lamar Miller]], 18 carries, 61 yards, 1 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 12 carries, 49 yards, 1 TD
;Top receivers
\* MIA – \[\[Mike Wallace (American football)\|Mike Wallace]], 5 receptions, 46 yards, 1 TD
\* CHI – Matt Forte, 6 receptions, 60 yards
;Top tacklers
\* MIA – \[\[Reshad Jones]], 7 tackles, 1 INT
\* CHI – \[\[Jeremiah Ratliff]], 5 tackles
}}
The Bears, seeking to avoid going 0–3 at home for the first time in ten years,{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\=400554270\|title\=Dolphins\-Bears Preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=October 25, 2014}} hosted the [Miami Dolphins](/wiki/2014_Miami_Dolphins_season "2014 Miami Dolphins season") in week seven, trailing the all\-time series 4–7, though the Bears won the most recent game in 2010 16–0\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=chi\&tm2\=mia\&yr\=all\|title\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs Miami Dolphins\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=October 22, 2014}} The Bears had struggled at home during the season, scoring a total of 37 points and a \-4 turnover differential; in contrast, the Bears had an average score of 26\.5 and a \+6 turnover difference on the road. In addition, Jay Cutler had nine passing touchdowns, two interceptions and a 104\.6 passer rating in away games, while having four touchdowns, four interceptions (three of which occurred in the second half) and a rating of 84\.7 at home, with a rating of 58\.1 after halftime. Chicago had to protect Cutler from the defensive line duo of [Cameron Wake](/wiki/Cameron_Wake "Cameron Wake") and [Olivier Vernon](/wiki/Olivier_Vernon "Olivier Vernon"), both recording 1\.5 sacks each in the previous week against the Packers. In addition, the Dolphins were ranked second in the league in sacks on third and fourth downs with 10\. However, the Bears' receivers posed a size threat to the Miami secondary, though Miami was ranked third in yards per pass attempt allowed with 6\.09, one of only eight teams allowing less than seven yards in 2014\. The Dolphins also allowed only 3\.8 yards per carry and yards allowed per play with 4\.7 yards. On defense, the Bears would have to prepare for a [Ryan Tannehill](/wiki/Ryan_Tannehill "Ryan Tannehill")\-led zone\-read option offense, which has an average drive length of 3:08, third\-fastest in the league. However, Tannehill could make mistakes, as he had thrown 35 interceptions in 37 career starts. The Dolphins also had the second\-fewest completions of at least 20 yards with 11\. The Bears would also have to watch the run game, which ranked third in the NFL with 4\.97 yards per carry. Entering the game, the Bears' defense was tied for the fourth\-most sacks (15\), third\-most interceptions (eight), and third in points recorded off turnovers (49\).{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/17/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-dolphins/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Dolphins\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=October 17, 2014\|access\-date\=October 25, 2014}} The Bears were the favorite by \-3\.{{cite web\|last\=Wilkening\|first\=Mike\|url\=http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\-10\-16/dolphins\-vs\-bears\-line\-pick\-spread\-betting\-odds\-prediction\-vegas\-week\-7\-nfl\|title\=Dolphins vs. Bears betting preview and pick – Favored Chicago hasn't delivered at home\|work\=\[\[Sporting News]]\|date\=October 16, 2014\|access\-date\=October 25, 2014\|archive\-date\=October 26, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026044608/http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\-10\-16/dolphins\-vs\-bears\-line\-pick\-spread\-betting\-odds\-prediction\-vegas\-week\-7\-nfl\|url\-status\=dead}} [Terrance Mitchell](/wiki/Terrance_Mitchell "Terrance Mitchell"), Ahmad Dixon, Chris Conte, Lance Briggs, Jon Bostic, Charles Leno, and Trevor Scott were scratches for the game,{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Dolphins/c20bb76c\-8ea5\-43a0\-b75f\-cc036f5c0141\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Dolphins\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 19, 2014\|access\-date\=October 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021160836/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Dolphins/c20bb76c\-8ea5\-43a0\-b75f\-cc036f5c0141\|archive\-date\=October 21, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} while Jermon Bushrod, Brandon Marshall, Robbie Gould, Ryan Mundy and Jeremiah Ratliff were team captains.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Kickoff\-Countdown\-Bears\-Dolphins/2cdacebd\-1163\-4191\-bf88\-9fa180148032\|title\=Kickoff Countdown: Bears\-Dolphins\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 19, 2014\|access\-date\=October 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020134623/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Kickoff\-Countdown\-Bears\-Dolphins/2cdacebd\-1163\-4191\-bf88\-9fa180148032\|archive\-date\=October 20, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
The Dolphins won the toss, and elected to receive. On the first play from scrimmage, Tannehill was sacked by Ratliff for a loss of five yards; Ratliff would finish the game with a career\-high 3\.5 sacks. After both teams punted on their first drives, the Dolphins scored first on Tannehill's 13\-yard touchdown pass to [Charles Clay](/wiki/Charles_Clay_%28American_football%29 "Charles Clay (American football)"). On the Bears' next drive, Cutler fumbled on his own 38\-yard line, but [Ka'Deem Carey](/wiki/Ka%27Deem_Carey "Ka'Deem Carey") recovered the ball; the Bears would punt three plays later. Miami's eventual drive lasted into the second quarter, but ended with [Caleb Sturgis](/wiki/Caleb_Sturgis "Caleb Sturgis") missing a 50\-yard field goal wide right. The Bears would reach the Dolphins' 37\-yard line, but Cutler's pass for Martellus Bennett was intercepted by [Reshad Jones](/wiki/Reshad_Jones "Reshad Jones"), who returned the pick to the Bears' 29\-yard line, and was stripped by Brandon Marshall, [Koa Misi](/wiki/Koa_Misi "Koa Misi") recovering at the 23\-yard line. The fumble was subsequently challenged, but was upheld. Miami would drive to the Bears' eight\-yard line, and two plays later, Tannehill threw a ten\-yard touchdown pass to [Mike Wallace](/wiki/Mike_Wallace_%28American_football%29 "Mike Wallace (American football)"). Both teams would exchange punts at the end of the half, Miami leading 14–0\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554270\.\=0\|title\=Miami Dolphins vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=November 8, 2014}} On their first drive of the second half, the Bears scored their first points of the game with Cutler's ten\-yard touchdown pass to Matt Forte, though the Dolphins retaliated on their next possession with [Lamar Miller](/wiki/Lamar_Miller "Lamar Miller")'s two\-yard touchdown run. The Bears' drive lasted into the fourth quarter, but ended at their own 24\-yard line when Wake strip\-sacked Cutler, recovering it at Chicago's 16\. The Dolphins would go three\-and\-out on the drive, resorting to Sturgis' 33\-yard field goal. On the Bears' next drive, Cutler threw a pass to [Dante Rosario](/wiki/Dante_Rosario "Dante Rosario"), who fumbled after being stripped by [Cortland Finnegan](/wiki/Cortland_Finnegan "Cortland Finnegan"), [Randy Starks](/wiki/Randy_Starks "Randy Starks") recovering at the Bears' 35\-yard line. However, the Dolphins failed to take advantage of the takeaway, Sturgis' 37\-yard field goal being blocked by Lamarr Houston.{{cite web\|last\=Neveau\|first\=James\|url\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/sports/Dolphins\-Bears\-Bostic\-Cutler\-Tannehill\-Marshall\-279707332\.html\|title\=Bears Look Listless in 27\-14 Loss to Dolphins\|publisher\=\[\[WMAQ\-TV]]\|date\=October 19, 2014\|access\-date\=November 11, 2014}} Starting from their own 27, the Bears reached the Dolphins' 44, and a defensive pass interference penalty on [Jason Taylor](/wiki/Jason_Taylor_%28American_football%29 "Jason Taylor (American football)") brought the Bears to the five\-yard line. Three plays later, Forte scored on a one\-yard run. The Dolphins would score on their next drive via Miller's four\-yard run, but was nullified by holding penalty on Clay; Sturgis would kick a 19\-yard field goal to make the score 27–14\. Chicago's final drive reached Miami's 15\-yard line, but the offense failed to gain ground, Cutler first throwing an incomplete pass, then fumbling but recovering, and finally throwing two more incomplete passes. Tannehill would kneel twice to end the game.
The Bears fell to 0–4 in games where Cutler throws an interception.{{cite news\|last\=Duarte\|first\=Michael\|url\=http://www.latintimes.com/dolphins\-vs\-bears\-27\-14\-recap\-watch\-ryan\-tannehill\-do\-his\-best\-impression\-running\-back\-270059\|title\=Dolphins Vs. Bears (27\-14\) Recap: Watch Ryan Tannehill Do His Best Impression Of A Running Back \[VIDEO]\|newspaper\=Latin Times\|date\=October 19, 2014\|access\-date\=November 8, 2014}} After the game, in the Bears' locker room, there were reports of shouting and players being pulled out of the room, with Marshall calling out Cutler, and Kyle Long criticizing the fans. Former Bears linebacker [Blake Costanzo](/wiki/Blake_Costanzo "Blake Costanzo") was also critical, stating Marc Trestman had "made the Bears soft".{{cite magazine\|url\=https://www.si.com/nfl/2014/10/19/chicago\-bears\-locker\-room\-loss\-dolphins\|title\=Reports: Loud yelling, screaming in Bears locker room after loss\|magazine\=\[\[Sports Illustrated]]\|date\=October 19, 2014\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014}} In an interview, Gould stated, "Everyone's trying to make this a story out of something that really wasn't that big of a deal. Obviously everyone's frustrated. Everyone wants to win. Our fans want to win. Coaches want to win. The players want to win. And everyone's obviously frustrated."{{cite news\|last\=Rosenbloom\|first\=Steve\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\-robbie\-gould\-brandon\-marshall\-rant\-20141020\-story.html\|title\=Robbie Gould downplays Brandon Marshall rant\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=October 20, 2014\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014}}
#### Week 8: at New England Patriots
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Eight: Chicago Bears at New England Patriots – Game summary
\|date\=October 26
\|time\=1:00 p.m. EDT/12:00 p.m. CDT
\|road\=Bears
\|R1\=0\|R2\=7\|R3\=8\|R4\=8
\|home\='''Patriots'''
\|H1\=7\|H2\=31\|H3\=7\|H4\=6
\|stadium\=\[\[Gillette Stadium]], \[\[Foxborough, Massachusetts]]
\|attendance\=68,756
\|weather\={{convert\|54\|F\|C}}, cloudy
\|referee\=Brad Allen
\|TV\=Fox
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Sam Rosen (sportscaster)\|Sam Rosen]], John Lynch and Pam Oliver
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014102605/2014/REG8/bears@patriots Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56282/NE\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*NE – \[\[Rob Gronkowski]] 6 yard pass from \[\[Tom Brady]], \[\[Stephen Gostkowski]] XP good, 9:41 (NE 7–0\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 55 yards, 2:22'''
;Second quarter
\*NE – Stephen Gostkowski 23 yard field goal, 14:57 (NE 10–0\). '''Drive: 17 plays, 68 yards, 14:57'''
\*NE – \[\[Tim Wright (American football)\|Tim Wright]] 1 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 8:09 (NE 17–0\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 76 yards, 5:27'''
\*CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]] 25 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 5:32 (NE 17–7\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 77 yards, 2:37'''
\*NE – Rob Gronkowski 2 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 1:52 (NE 24–7\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 80 yards, 3:40'''
\*NE – \[\[Brandon LaFell]] 9 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 1:07 (NE 31–7\). '''Drive: 1 plays, 9 yards, 0:04'''
\*NE – \[\[Rob Ninkovich]] 15 yard fumble return, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 0:55 (NE 38–7\).
;Third quarter
\*NE – Rob Gronkowski 46 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 12:42 (NE 45–7\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 80 yards, 2:18'''
\*CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]] 20 yard from Jay Cutler, Jay Cutler to Dante Rosario for two\-point conversion, 0:54 (NE 45–15\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 80 yards, 3:16'''
;Fourth quarter
\*NE – Stephen Gostkowski 27 yard field goal, 9:59 (NE 48–15\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 71 yards, 5:55'''
\*CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 10 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Jay Cutler to Matt Forte for two\-point conversion, 5:16 (NE 48–23\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 80 yards, 4:43'''
\*NE – Stephen Gostkowski 39 yard field goal, 2:09 (NE 51–23\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 21 yards, 3:07'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 20/30, 227 yards, 3 TD, 1 INT
\* NE – \[\[Tom Brady]], 30/35, 354 yards, 5 TD
;Top rushers
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 19 carries, 114 yards
\* NE – \[\[Jonas Gray]], 17 plays, 86 yards
;Top receivers
\* CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]], 6 receptions, 95 yards, 1 TD
\* NE – \[\[Brandon LaFell]], 11 receptions, 124 yards, 1 TD
;Top tacklers
\* CHI – \[\[D. J. Williams (linebacker)\|D. J. Williams]], 2 tackles
\* NE – \[\[Jamie Collins (American football)\|Jamie Collins]], 5 tackles
}}
The Bears visited [Gillette Stadium](/wiki/Gillette_Stadium "Gillette Stadium") in week eight to take on the [New England Patriots](/wiki/2014_New_England_Patriots_season "2014 New England Patriots season"), the first game in Foxborough for the Bears since 2006, which had ended in a 17–13 loss.{{cite web\|last1\=Reiss\|first1\=Dan\|last2\=Wright\|first2\=Michael C.\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/boston/new\-england\-patriots/post/\_/id/4770734/bears\-at\-patriots\-preview\|title\=Bears vs. Patriots preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=October 24, 2014\|access\-date\=November 12, 2014}} Chicago had never won in Foxborough, where the Patriots had won twelve consecutive games.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\=400554272\|title\=Bears\-Patriots Preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014}} The Bears trailed the all\-time series 3–8 entering the series, and lost the most recent meeting at home in 2010, 36–7\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=chi\&tm2\=nwe\&yr\=all\|title\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs New England Patriots\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014}} A target the Bears could attack was the Patriots' run defense, which had allowed a season\-high 218 rushing yards against the Jets, a combined 398 in losses to the [Kansas City Chiefs](/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs "Kansas City Chiefs") and Dolphins, and was ranked 24th in the league by allowing 126\.3 rushing yards per game on 28\.7 attempts, by utilizing Matt Forte, the fifth\-leading rusher in the NFL with 448 yards and league\-leading 52 receptions for 436 yards. In addition, New England did not have defenders [Jerod Mayo](/wiki/Jerod_Mayo "Jerod Mayo") and [Chandler Jones](/wiki/Chandler_Jones "Chandler Jones"), and had allowed fifteen drives lasting at least ten plays in 2014, all but one culminating in a score. However, the Patriots' pass defense was more stingy, forcing quarterbacks to throw three interceptions on passes longer than 21 yards with a 37\.1 passer rating, the sixth\-worst in the league. On defense, the Bears had to contain [Tom Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady "Tom Brady"), who had thrown for 964 yards, six touchdowns and three interceptions in three games against the Bears. Likewise, tight end [Rob Gronkowski](/wiki/Rob_Gronkowski "Rob Gronkowski") was among the targets of Brady, whose 42 of 68 targeted throws were to tight ends, seventh\-most in the NFL. 71 percent of Gronkowski's catches had resulted in first downs, though he had caught only 31 of his 56 targets, and while Brady had never completed less than 60 percent of passes in his career, Miami and New York forced him to complete less than 55 percent. While the Bears could blitz Brady, they would have to prepare for the Patriots' no\-huddle offense and Brady's quickie release. However, the Patriots' rushing offense was ranked only 26th in yards per carry with 3\.75, though they had recorded 4\.76 yards per first down rush.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/24/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-patriots/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Patriots\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=October 24, 2014\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014}} Like in week two, Mike Ditka was the lone ESPN analyst to predict a Bears victory.{{cite news\|last\=Just\|first\=David\|url\=http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/inside\-the\-bears/mike\-ditka\-is\-lone\-espn\-analyst\-to\-pick\-bears\-over\-patriots/\|title\=Mike Ditka is lone ESPN analyst to pick Bears over Patriots\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Sun\-Times]]\|date\=October 24, 2014\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129025542/http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/inside\-the\-bears/mike\-ditka\-is\-lone\-espn\-analyst\-to\-pick\-bears\-over\-patriots/\|archive\-date\=2014\-11\-29\|url\-status\=dead}} Terrance Mitchell, Danny McCray, Ahmad Dixon, Lance Briggs, Jon Bostic, Jordan Mills, and Charles Leno were inactive for the game.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Patriots/ce3671d9\-f5bd\-41ac\-8308\-2399a4abff0a\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Patriots\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 26, 2014\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103115011/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Patriots/ce3671d9\-f5bd\-41ac\-8308\-2399a4abff0a\|archive\-date\=November 3, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
After winning the coin toss, New England kicked off. The Bears punted on their first drive, while the Patriots scored on their first possession with Brady's six\-yard touchdown pass to Gronkowski. The Bears would punt on their next two drives, while the Patriots scored on their following drives in the second quarter, with [Stephen Gostkowski](/wiki/Stephen_Gostkowski "Stephen Gostkowski")'s 23\-yard field goal and Brady's one\-yard touchdown pass to [Tim Wright](/wiki/Tim_Wright_%28American_football%29 "Tim Wright (American football)"). On the Bears' ensuing possession, Jay Cutler's pass for Martellus Bennett was intercepted by [Devin McCourty](/wiki/Devin_McCourty "Devin McCourty"), though it would be nullified by [Brandon Browner](/wiki/Brandon_Browner "Brandon Browner")'s illegal contact penalty.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554272\.\=0\|title\=Chicago Bears vs. New England Patriots – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=November 19, 2014}} The Patriots would score three times in 57 seconds: with 1:52 left in the second quarter, Brady threw a two\-yard touchdown pass to Gronkowski;{{cite news\|last\=Pepin\|first\=Matt\|url\=https://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/2014/10/26/patriots\-score\-three\-times\-minute\-during\-second\-quarter\-bears/VLtRgeEXf1Xz73FSbmqxzI/story.html\|title\=Patriots score three times in 57 seconds during second quarter vs. Bears\|newspaper\=\[\[The Boston Globe]]\|date\=October 26, 2014\|access\-date\=November 19, 2014}} the Bears punted on the next drive, the Patriots returning it 42 yards to the Bears' 19\-yard line, and a holding penalty on Trevor Scott moved the ball to the nine, where Brady threw a touchdown pass to [Brandon LaFell](/wiki/Brandon_LaFell "Brandon LaFell") with 1:07 remaining. On the Bears' next play, Cutler fumbled, and [Rob Ninkovich](/wiki/Rob_Ninkovich "Rob Ninkovich") recovered, scoring on the 15\-yard return with 55 seconds left in the half. The Bears' final drive of the half ended with Cutler's pass for Brandon Marshall being intercepted by [Darrelle Revis](/wiki/Darrelle_Revis "Darrelle Revis") at the Patriots' five\-yard line. On New England's first drive of the second half, they extended the lead to 45–7 with Brady's 46\-yard touchdown pass to Gronkowski. After the Bears failed to convert on 4th\-and\-10 from the Patriots' 26, the Patriots were forced to punt for the first and only time in the game. The Bears would score on the following possession with Cutler's 20\-yard touchdown pass to Bennett, followed by a two\-point conversion pass to Dante Rosario being completed. The Patriots' next drive would last into the fourth quarter, and ended with Gostkowski's 27\-yard field goal. Chicago would then score on their following drive with Cutler's ten\-yard touchdown pass to Alshon Jeffery, followed by Cutler's two\-point conversion pass to Matt Forte, decreasing the deficit to 25 points. Patriots' backup quarterback [Jimmy Garoppolo](/wiki/Jimmy_Garoppolo "Jimmy Garoppolo") substituted for Brady on their next drive, and five plays later, Lamarr Houston sacked Garoppolo, his first sack of the year. However, when he was celebrating, Houston tore his ACL, and would be out for the rest of the season.{{cite web\|last\=Rosenthal\|first\=Gregg\|url\=https://www.nfl.com/news/bears\-lamarr\-houston\-tears\-acl\-while\-celebrating\-0ap3000000418019\|title\=Bears' Lamarr Houston tears ACL while celebrating\|publisher\=\[\[National Football League]]\|date\=October 27, 2014\|access\-date\=November 19, 2014}} Gostkowski would kick a 39\-yard field goal to make the score 51–23\. Jimmy Clausen replaced Cutler on the Bears' last drive, ending with the Bears failing to convert on 4th down. Garoppolo would kneel once to end the game.
Until the week ten game against the Packers, the 38 points allowed in the first half were the most in team history.
#### Week 9: Bye week
The Bears entered the bye week with a 3–5 record, tied with the [Vikings](/wiki/2014_Minnesota_Vikings_season "2014 Minnesota Vikings season") for last in the NFC North, two games behind the Packers, and four behind the [Detroit Lions](/wiki/2014_Detroit_Lions_season "2014 Detroit Lions season").{{cite web\|last\=Kaberon\|first\=Eli\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Notes\-From\-The\-North\-Week\-8/41b3f64d\-dde8\-411f\-8a15\-b19d226a39dd\|title\=Notes From The North: Week 8\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 27, 2014\|access\-date\=November 22, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105210106/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Notes\-From\-The\-North\-Week\-8/41b3f64d\-dde8\-411f\-8a15\-b19d226a39dd\|archive\-date\=November 5, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} The last time the Bears had been 3–5, yet made the playoffs was in [1979](/wiki/1979_Chicago_Bears_season "1979 Chicago Bears season"), and had also performed the feat in [1977](/wiki/1977_Chicago_Bears_season "1977 Chicago Bears season"), while the last time that Chicago had made the playoffs after having a record of two games below .500 occurred in [2005](/wiki/2005_Chicago_Bears_season "2005 Chicago Bears season"), when the team was 1–3, but finished the regular season 11–5\.{{cite web\|last\=Mullin\|first\=John\|url\=http://www.csnchicago.com/bears/bears\-face\-deepening\-nightmare\-after\-humiliation\-patriots\|title\=Bears face deepening nightmare after humiliation by Patriots\|publisher\=\[\[Comcast SportsNet Chicago]]\|date\=October 26, 2014\|access\-date\=November 22, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030021154/http://www.csnchicago.com/bears/bears\-face\-deepening\-nightmare\-after\-humiliation\-patriots\|archive\-date\=2014\-10\-30\|url\-status\=dead}}
On offense, the Bears were tied for seventh in the league in passes per game with 37\.4 and 27th in rushing attempts per game with 23\.5\. The offense had also regressed in points scored per game; in [2013](/wiki/2013_Chicago_Bears_season "2013 Chicago Bears season"), the team averaged 27\.8 points, while after eight games in 2014, had scored only 22\.4,{{cite web\|last\=Kaberon\|first\=Eli\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Trestman\-seeks\-improvement/d2d269ed\-ce3d\-4b47\-8e50\-39d0504936cb\|title\=Trestman seeks improvement\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 30, 2014\|access\-date\=November 22, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031213645/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Trestman\-seeks\-improvement/d2d269ed\-ce3d\-4b47\-8e50\-39d0504936cb\|archive\-date\=October 31, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} despite having all 11 starters from 2013 returning. In their first three games, the Bears had a \+4 turnover margin with eight turnovers forced and four turnovers allowed, but in their last five games, the margin was \-7 with four takeaways and 11 giveaways, including \-5 in the previous two games with no forced turnovers and five allowed turnovers; this marked the first time that the Bears had failed to force a turnover in consecutive games since [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season "2010 Chicago Bears season").{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Emery\-Bears\-will\-not\-quit\-on\-season/6f5ae28e\-7efb\-43c0\-8a0f\-437d4032f334\|title\=Emery: Bears will not quit on season\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 27, 2014\|access\-date\=November 22, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105211713/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Emery\-Bears\-will\-not\-quit\-on\-season/6f5ae28e\-7efb\-43c0\-8a0f\-437d4032f334\|archive\-date\=November 5, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} Despite these struggles, the Bears' offense had the league's fifth\-best red zone scoring percentage with 88\.5\.{{cite web\|last\=Kaberon\|first\=Eli\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/By\-The\-Numbers\-Bye\-Week/1e18434e\-7e6c\-4e4b\-8ad6\-ede4f0edbcbc\|title\=By The Numbers: Bye Week\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 30, 2014\|access\-date\=November 22, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108155127/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/By\-The\-Numbers\-Bye\-Week/1e18434e\-7e6c\-4e4b\-8ad6\-ede4f0edbcbc\|archive\-date\=November 8, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
#### Week 10: at Green Bay Packers
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Ten: Chicago Bears at Green Bay Packers – Game summary
\|date\=November 9
\|time\=7:30 p.m. CST
\|road\=Bears
\|R1\=0\|R2\=0\|R3\=7\|R4\=7
\|home\='''Packers'''
\|H1\=14\|H2\=28\|H3\=6\|H4\=7
\|stadium\=\[\[Lambeau Field]], \[\[Green Bay, Wisconsin]]
\|attendance\=78,292
\|weather\={{convert\|34\|F\|C}}, mostly cloudy
\|referee\=\[\[Craig Wrolstad]]
\|TV\=NBC
\|TVAnnouncers\=Al Michaels, Cris Collinsworth and Michele Tafoya
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014110910/2014/REG10/bears@packers Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56315/GB\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*GB – \[\[Brandon Bostick]] 1 yard pass from \[\[Aaron Rodgers]], \[\[Mason Crosby]] XP good, 6:13 (GB 7–0\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 71 yards, 5:44'''
\*GB – \[\[Andrew Quarless]] 4 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 3:52 (GB 14–0\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 23 yards, 4:01'''
;Second quarter
\*GB – \[\[Jordy Nelson]] 73 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 14:48 (GB 21–0\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 72 yards, 0:34'''
\*GB – Jordy Nelson 40 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 12:09 (GB 28–0\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 54 yards, 1:30'''
\*GB – \[\[Eddie Lacy]] 56 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 4:48 (GB 35–0\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 95 yards, 3:10'''
\*GB – \[\[Randall Cobb (American football)\|Randall Cobb]] 18 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 0:14 (GB 42–0\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 32 yards, 0:48'''
;Third quarter
\*GB – Mason Crosby 20 yard field goal, 10:48 (GB 45–0\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 6 yards, 1:01'''
\*CHI – \[\[Brandon Marshall]] 45 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 7:44 (GB 45–7\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 75 yards, 3:04'''
\*GB – Mason Crosby 52 yard field goal, 5:27 (GB 48–7\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 46 yards, 2:17'''
;Fourth quarter
\*GB – \[\[Casey Hayward]] 82 yard interception return, Mason Crosby XP good, 10:41 (GB 55–7\).
\*CHI – \[\[Chris Williams (wide receiver)\|Chris Williams]] 101 yard kick return, Robbie Gould XP good, 10:27 (GB 55–14\).
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 22/37, 272 yards, 1 TD, 2 INT
\* GB – \[\[Aaron Rodgers]], 18/27, 315 yards, 6 TD
;Top rushers
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 17 carries, 54 yards
\* GB – \[\[DuJuan Harris]], 8 carries, 52 yards
;Top receivers
\* CHI – \[\[Brandon Marshall]], 8 receptions, 112 yards, 1 TD
\* GB – \[\[Jordy Nelson]], 6 receptions, 152 yards, 2 TD
;Top tacklers
\* CHI – \[\[Ryan Mundy]], 9 tackles
\* GB – \[\[Clay Matthews III]], 9 tackles
}}
The Bears played the Packers for the second time in the season, this time on the road at [Lambeau Field](/wiki/Lambeau_Field "Lambeau Field"), where the Packers had won all three of their home games in 2014 with a league\-high 37\.0 points per game at home. The game was broadcast on *[NBC Sunday Night Football](/wiki/NBC_Sunday_Night_Football "NBC Sunday Night Football")*, the ninth consecutive year that a Bears\-Packers was held in [prime time](/wiki/Prime_time "Prime time").{{cite web\|url\=http://www.packers.com/news\-and\-events/article\-infographic/article\-1/Infographic\-Packers\-vs\-Bears\-game\-preview/17ba31ec\-70d5\-4063\-b759\-8e6383594ad6\|title\=Infographic: Packers vs. Bears game preview\|work\=\[\[Green Bay Packers]]\|date\=November 7, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205030854/http://www.packers.com/news\-and\-events/article\-infographic/article\-1/Infographic\-Packers\-vs\-Bears\-game\-preview/17ba31ec\-70d5\-4063\-b759\-8e6383594ad6\|archive\-date\=December 5, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} Entering the game, Jay Cutler had struggled against the Packers, with a 67\.0 passer rating, the lowest against any team. He also had thrown 13 touchdowns against 19 interceptions, and heading into the game, led the league in turnovers with 12, which led to 44 total points by opponents.{{cite web\|last1\=Demovsky\|first1\=Rob\|last2\=Wright\|first2\=Michael C.\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/green\-bay\-packers/post/\_/id/14936/bears\-vs\-packers\-preview\|title\=Bears vs. Packers preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=November 7, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} However, the Bears' rushing attack took on the Packers' worst\-ranked run defense, which had allowed 153\.5 yards per game on 32\.1 rushing attempts. The offense had to avoid long\-distance drives, as they were ranked 29th in the NFL in points scored outside the red zone with 31\. On defense, the Bears' rushing defense faced a Green Bay rushing game that was one of ten teams in the NFL to average less than 100 yards per game with 97\.5 yards on 24\.3 attempt, which ranked 26th, ahead of the Bears by one spot. However, the Packers also averaged 4\.02 yards per carry and 4\.3 yards per carry on first down. The Bears' pass defense also had to face Aaron Rodgers, who ranked third in the league with 8\.22 yards per pass. In addition, the team had to be wary in the event they attempted to blitz; Rodgers had the highest passer rating against the blitz with 130\.71, along with eight touchdowns and one interception.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/07/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-packers\-2/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Packers\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=November 7, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} Over their previous five games, the Packers had scored an average of 33\.6 points, while the Bears had allowed 32 average points in their last five games. The Packers were seven\-point favorites, and the game's [over/under](/wiki/Over/under "Over/under") of 53\.5 points is the highest total of week ten games.{{cite news\|last\=Riccobono\|first\=Anthony\|url\=http://www.ibtimes.com/green\-bay\-packers\-vs\-chicago\-bears\-prediction\-betting\-odds\-preview\-2014\-week\-10\-game\-1720695\|title\=Green Bay Packers Vs. Chicago Bears: Prediction, Betting Odds, Preview For 2014 Week 10 Game\|newspaper\=\[\[International Business Times]]\|date\=November 7, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} Terrance Mitchell, Khaseem Greene, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, [Blake Annen](/wiki/Blake_Annen "Blake Annen"), David Bass, and [DeDe Lattimore](/wiki/DeDe_Lattimore "DeDe Lattimore") were the inactives for the game.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Packers/989714bf\-bc0f\-4ee8\-88e7\-d819d9b2f0bd\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Packers\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 9, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113070306/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Packers/989714bf\-bc0f\-4ee8\-88e7\-d819d9b2f0bd\|archive\-date\=November 13, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
The Bears won the coin toss, and received, but punted after their first drive. From their own 29\-yard line, the Packers drove to the Bears' one, where Rodgers threw a one\-yard touchdown pass to [Brandon Bostick](/wiki/Brandon_Bostick "Brandon Bostick"). On the second play of the Bears' next drive, Cutler was intercepted by [Micah Hyde](/wiki/Micah_Hyde_%28American_football%29 "Micah Hyde (American football)"), and the Packers converted the turnover into a Rodgers' four\-yard touchdown pass to [Andrew Quarless](/wiki/Andrew_Quarless "Andrew Quarless"). After the Bears were forced to punt again, the Packers' drive (which lasted into the second quarter) ended with Rodgers throwing a 73\-yard touchdown pass to Jordy Nelson, and scored again after the Bears punted for the fourth consecutive time, this time on Rodgers' 40\-yard touchdown pass to Nelson. On Chicago's next possession, the offense reached the Packers' four\-yard line, but on 4th down, Cutler's pass to Alshon Jeffery was incomplete, and from their own five\-yard line, the Packers eventually scored on Rodgers' 56\-yard touchdown pass to Eddie Lacy. Chicago's next drive again led to zero points, with Cutler being sacked on 4th down by [Morgan Burnett](/wiki/Morgan_Burnett "Morgan Burnett"). The Packers reclaimed the ball on their 43\-yard line, but two plays later, reached the Bears' seven\-yard line after Tim Jennings was flagged for pass interference of 53 yards. However, Randall Cobb fumbled after being stripped by Lance Briggs, Ryan Mundy recovering in the endzone. However, the Bears would give the ball back with Cutler being strip\-sacked by [Julius Peppers](/wiki/Julius_Peppers "Julius Peppers") at the Bears' 37\-yard line. The Packers would extend their lead to 42–0 with Rodgers throwing an 18\-yard touchdown pass to Cobb. The Bears ended the first half with a kneel. In the third quarter, the Packers punted for the first time in the game, the ball being returned for no gain at the Bears' 30\-yard line, but would be pushed back to the 15\-yard line due to Teddy Williams' personal foul penalty. After the Bears went three\-and\-out,{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554403\.\=0\|title\=Chicago Bears vs. Green Bay Packers – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} Pat O'Donnell's punt was kicked by [Jarrett Boykin](/wiki/Jarrett_Boykin "Jarrett Boykin") and recovered by O'Donnell; the block was officially recorded as a fumble, and as a result, the Bears were considered to have turned the ball on downs.{{cite web\|last\=Breech\|first\=Josh\|url\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\-on\-football/24793799/bears\-line\-up\-to\-punt\-packers\-kick\-ball\-instead\|title\=Bears line up to punt, Packers kick ball instead\|publisher\=\[\[CBSSports.com]]\|date\=November 9, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014\|archive\-date\=November 10, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110072941/http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\-on\-football/24793799/bears\-line\-up\-to\-punt\-packers\-kick\-ball\-instead\|url\-status\=dead}} The Packers would score on Mason Crosby's 20\-yard field goal. Despite a chance to tie the NFL record for most touchdown passes in a game,{{cite web\|last\=Gantt\|first\=Darin\|url\=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/11/09/packers\-turn\-to\-matt\-flynn\-for\-the\-rest\-of\-this\-beauty/\|title\=Packers turn to Matt Flynn for the rest of this beauty\|publisher\=\[\[Profootballtalk.com]]\|date\=November 9, 2014}} Rodgers was pulled for the Packers' third drive of the quarter for [Matt Flynn](/wiki/Matt_Flynn_%28American_football%29 "Matt Flynn (American football)"). The Bears scored their first points of the game off Cutler's 45\-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall. Crosby would kick another field goal, this time a 52\-yarder, to make the score 48–7\. After both teams exchanged punts, the Bears' drive, which went into the final quarter, reached the Packers' 18\-yard line, but Cutler's pass for Matt Forte hit Kyle Long's head, and bounced into [Casey Hayward](/wiki/Casey_Hayward "Casey Hayward")'s hands, who scored on the 82\-yard return.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.packers.com/media\-center/videos/Casey\-Haywards\-82\-yard\-pick\-six/c63f23e7\-0250\-49fb\-82bf\-836e8a4451ed\|title\=Casey Hayward's 82\-yard pick\-six\|work\=\[\[Green Bay Packers]]\|date\=November 9, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205013616/http://www.packers.com/media\-center/videos/Casey\-Haywards\-82\-yard\-pick\-six/c63f23e7\-0250\-49fb\-82bf\-836e8a4451ed\|archive\-date\=December 5, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} On the ensuing kickoff, with blocking along the Bears' sideline,{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\-Williams\-101\-yard\-kick\-return/1227d00b\-4ac0\-4601\-a162\-7e31c8a27b70\|title\=NFLN: Williams 101\-yard kick return\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 9, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112223949/http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\-Williams\-101\-yard\-kick\-return/1227d00b\-4ac0\-4601\-a162\-7e31c8a27b70\|archive\-date\=November 12, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} [Chris Williams](/wiki/Chris_Williams_%28wide_receiver%29 "Chris Williams (wide receiver)") scored on the 101\-yard return to make the score 55–14\. After the Packers punted again, Jimmy Clausen replaced Cutler for the Bears' final drive, but was sacked by [Sam Barrington](/wiki/Sam_Barrington "Sam Barrington") on 4th down; the Packers would run out the clock to end the game.
The 42 points allowed in the first half was a franchise record,{{cite news\|last\=Armas\|first\=Genaro C.\|url\=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/10/aaron\-rodgers\-packers\-bears\-record\-half\_n\_6130674\.html\|title\=Aaron Rodgers Throws 6 TD Passes In 1st Half As Packers Crush Bears 55\-14\|newspaper\=\[\[The Huffington Post]]\|date\=November 10, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} and the six touchdown passes allowed in the half was an NFL record. By allowing 51 and 55 points against the Patriots and Packers, respectively, the Bears became the first team since the 1923 [Rochester Jeffersons](/wiki/1923_Rochester_Jeffersons_season "1923 Rochester Jeffersons season") to allow at least 50 points in two consecutive games.{{cite web\|last\=Neveau\|first\=James\|url\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Packers\-Bears\-Sunday\-Night\-Lambeau\-Field\-Cutler\-Rodgers\-282090151\.html\|title\=Packers Bludgeon Bears 55\-14 in Embarrassing Rout\|publisher\=\[\[WMAQ\-TV]]\|date\=November 10, 2014\|access\-date\=November 10, 2014}}
#### Week 11: vs. Minnesota Vikings
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Eleven: Minnesota Vikings at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\=November 16
\|time\=12:00 p.m. CST
\|road\=Vikings
\|R1\=10\|R2\=0\|R3\=0\|R4\=3
\|home\='''Bears'''
\|H1\=0\|H2\=14\|H3\=0\|H4\=7
\|stadium\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
\|attendance\=61,792
\|weather\={{convert\|31\|F\|C}}, cloudy, flurries
\|referee\=\[\[Ron Torbert]]
\|TV\=CBS
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Kevin Harlan]], \[\[Rich Gannon]] and \[\[Stacey Dales]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014111601/2014/REG11/vikings@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56319/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*MIN – \[\[Blair Walsh]] 50 yard field goal, 11:21 (MIN 3–0\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 39 yards, 3:39'''
\*MIN – \[\[Rhett Ellison]] 7 yard pass from \[\[Teddy Bridgewater]], Blair Walsh XP good, 3:16 (MIN 10–0\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 63 yards, 2:46'''
;Second quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 27 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 13:06 (MIN 10–7\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 81 yards, 5:10'''
\*CHI – \[\[Brandon Marshall]] 44 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 2:49 (CHI 14–10\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 73 yards, 1:47'''
;Third quarter
\*No scoring
;Fourth quarter
\*CHI – Brandon Marshall 4 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 8:51 (CHI 21–10\). '''Drive: 16 plays, 72 yards, 7:35'''
\*MIN – Blair Walsh 26 yard field goal, 4:04 (CHI 21–13\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 52 yards, 4:47'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* MIN – \[\[Teddy Bridgewater]], 18/28, 158 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 31/43, 330 yards, 3 TD, 2 INT
;Top rushers
\* MIN – \[\[Andrew Sendejo]], 1 carry, 48 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 26 carries, 117 yards
;Top receivers
\* MIN – \[\[Charles Johnson (wide receiver, born 1989\)\|Charles Johnson]], 6 receptions, 87 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]], 11 receptions, 135 yards, 1 TD
;Top tacklers
\* MIN – \[\[Chad Greenway]], 9 tackles
\* CHI – \[\[Demontre Hurst]], 6 tackles
}}
[thumb\|Jared Allen (center) giving a pre\-game speech prior to week eleven](/wiki/File:Jared_Allen_speech.jpg "Jared Allen speech.jpg")
Chicago hosted the 4–5 Vikings in week eleven, the Vikings leading the [all\-time rivalry](/wiki/Bears-Vikings_rivalry "Bears-Vikings rivalry") 53–51–4,{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=min\&tm2\=chi\&yr\=all\|title\=Boxscore finder: Minnesota Vikings vs Chicago Bears\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} though the Bears had won six consecutive games at Soldier Field between the two teams, dating back to [2007](/wiki/2007_Chicago_Bears_season "2007 Chicago Bears season"). Jeff Joniak stated the Bears must "play smart"; for instance, on offense, the Bears would have to watch for pressure from a blitz\-happy [Mike Zimmer](/wiki/Mike_Zimmer "Mike Zimmer")\-led defense, which ranked third in the league in sacks with 30, 20 of which were in their last four games, and was also ranked third in the NFL in hurries with 60, and forced offenses to commit a league\-leading 13 holding penalties. The pass rush would try to attack Jay Cutler, who was tied for the most turnovers with 15, and was sacked 23 times. On first down, the Vikings blitzed 32 percent of the time, and 38 percent on third down. The Vikings also ranked fourth against the pass, allowing 213\.6 yards per game. The Vikings had also improved on points allowed, allowing 18\.3 points in their last four games after permitting 30\.0 in the previous four. However, the Vikings' rush defense was allowing 5 yards per carry on first down. Defensively, the Bears were struggling, allowing a league\-most 30\.8 points per game while ranking 28th against the pass, allowing 268\.6 yards per game. Despite Vikings' star running back [Adrian Peterson](/wiki/Adrian_Peterson "Adrian Peterson") being suspended for the game,{{cite web\|last\=Bechtold\|first\=Tyler\|url\=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/vikings\-bears\-preview\-214710575\-\-nfl.html\|title\=Vikings\-Bears Preview\|publisher\=\[\[Yahoo! Sports]]\|date\=November 12, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014\|archive\-date\=December 5, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205182030/http://sports.yahoo.com/news/vikings\-bears\-preview\-214710575\-\-nfl.html\|url\-status\=dead}} [Matt Asiata](/wiki/Matt_Asiata "Matt Asiata") and [Jerick McKinnon](/wiki/Jerick_McKinnon "Jerick McKinnon") had seven runs of 20 yards or more, and the latter averaged 5\.0 yards per carry. In the passing game, the Vikings struggled without tight end [Kyle Rudolph](/wiki/Kyle_Rudolph "Kyle Rudolph"), but he made his return in week eleven. Rookie quarterback [Teddy Bridgewater](/wiki/Teddy_Bridgewater "Teddy Bridgewater") was average in terms of accuracy and arm strength, having completed 53\.9 percent of his passes, including 66 percent on third down, and while [Greg Jennings](/wiki/Greg_Jennings "Greg Jennings") had caught 60 percent of targets, [Cordarrelle Patterson](/wiki/Cordarrelle_Patterson "Cordarrelle Patterson") only caught 46 percent. The Vikings' third down offense also struggled without Rudolph and Peterson, with a 36\.5 conversion percentage, and at the line, [Matt Kalil](/wiki/Matt_Kalil "Matt Kalil") had allowed a league\-high 12 sacks. Both teams had struggled in moving the ball downfield, with the Bears and Vikings having 32 and 33 drives start inside their own 20\-yard lines, respectively, and the latter being the second\-most in the NFL. On such drives, Chicago had a touchdown, 14 points, and six turnovers, while Minnesota had no touchdowns, 6 points, and four turnovers.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/14/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-vikings/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Vikings\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=November 14, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} Josh Morgan, Terrance Mitchell, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, Jordan Mills, Trevor Scott, and Blake Annen were the Bears' inactive players.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Vikings/6a107f28\-7c9d\-479f\-b173\-d7f29d81b172\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Vikings\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 16, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119053914/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Vikings/6a107f28\-7c9d\-479f\-b173\-d7f29d81b172\|archive\-date\=November 19, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
The Bears won the toss, and elected to defer. On their opening drive, the Vikings scored on [Blair Walsh](/wiki/Blair_Walsh "Blair Walsh")'s 50\-yard field goal. During the Bears' next drive, a play was whistled dead because Minnesota wanted to challenge whether a previous play was a fumble, and when Cutler voiced his complaints to the referees, he was penalized 15 yards for unsportsmanlike conduct;{{cite web\|last\=Fogel\|first\=Anna\|url\=http://nesn.com/2014/11/jay\-cutler\-freaks\-out\-on\-refs\-gets\-flagged\-for\-yelling\-at\-them\-gif/\|title\=Jay Cutler Freaks Out On Refs, Gets Flagged For Yelling At Them (GIF)\|publisher\=\[\[New England Sports Network]]\|date\=November 16, 2014\|access\-date\=December 3, 2014}} the ruling eventually stood, costing the Vikings their first timeout. The Bears later attempted to tie the score with Robbie Gould's 47\-yard field goal, but missed the kick wide right.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-readReact/Read\-and\-React\-Bears\-Vikings/7d41ad8f\-9c1d\-408b\-a8e8\-6432f1a4dd1c\|title\=Read and React: Bears\-Vikings\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 16, 2014\|access\-date\=December 1, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204083442/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-readReact/Read\-and\-React\-Bears\-Vikings/7d41ad8f\-9c1d\-408b\-a8e8\-6432f1a4dd1c\|archive\-date\=December 4, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} Later in the quarter, the Vikings extended their lead by ten with Bridgewater's seven\-yard touchdown pass to [Rhett Ellison](/wiki/Rhett_Ellison "Rhett Ellison").{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554340\.\=0\|title\=Minnesota Vikings vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=December 1, 2014}} The Bears' next drive lasted into the second quarter, and ended on the fourth play of the quarter with Cutler's 27\-yard touchdown pass to Alshon Jeffery. After both teams exchanged punts, the Bears were pinned on their own 27\-yard line after a 20\-yard illegal block penalty on [Christian Jones](/wiki/Christian_Jones_%28American_football%29 "Christian Jones (American football)"). However, the Bears were able to reach the Vikings' 44\-yard line, where Cutler threw a touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall, who outjumped Robinson for the catch; the score gave the Bears the 14–10 lead, the first time the Bears had led since week six against the Falcons, snapping a 207\-minute, 11 second lead\-less streak. After the Vikings punted again, the Bears' final possession of the first half ended after three plays: with 15 seconds remaining, the Bears called their final timeout of the half, and on the next play, Cutler was intercepted by [Xavier Rhodes](/wiki/Xavier_Rhodes "Xavier Rhodes") on a long pass to Jeffery. Bridgewater kneeled once to end the half. In the second half, the Bears started on their own 17\-yard line, but reached the Vikings' one\-yard line on 12 plays. On 4th and 1, Cutler attempted a [quarterback sweep](/wiki/Sweep_%28American_football%29%23QB_sweep "Sweep (American football)#QB sweep"), but was tackled for no gain by [Tom Johnson](/wiki/Tom_Johnson_%28defensive_tackle%2C_born_1984%29 "Tom Johnson (defensive tackle, born 1984)"). After the Vikings punted, the Bears' following drive was ended when Cutler, attempting to avoid pressure from Johnson, had his pass for Martellus Bennett intercepted by [Harrison Smith](/wiki/Harrison_Smith "Harrison Smith"), who returned the pick 52 yards to the Chicago 27\-yard line. However, the Vikings failed to capitalize on the takeaway, and at the Bears' 20\-yard line, Walsh's field goal sailed wide right. The Bears' responding drive went into the final quarter, and ended with Cutler's four\-yard touchdown pass to Marshall, killing 7:35 on the game clock on the possession. Minnesota attempted to respond with a scoring drive, and drew within eight points with Walsh's 26\-yard field goal. On Chicago's next drive, the offense ran exclusively running plays for Matt Forte, which forced the Vikings to use all three of their timeouts, and the Bears would later be forced to punt, ending a drive that burned 2:01 off the clock. On the Vikings' first play of their final drive, Bridgewater was sacked by Willie Young for a five\-yard loss, though the clock was stopped by the [two\-minute warning](/wiki/Two-minute_warning "Two-minute warning"). The Vikings then recorded two consecutive first downs on Bridgewater's passes of 21 and 14 yards to [Charles Johnson](/wiki/Charles_Johnson_%28wide_receiver%2C_born_1989%29 "Charles Johnson (wide receiver, born 1989)") and McKinnon, respectively, and the next pass to Johnson resulted in a seven\-yard gain to the Bears' 36\-yard line. With less than a minute remaining, Bridgewater attempted to throw a pass to Johnson in the endzone, but was intercepted by Ryan Mundy. Cutler kneeled once to seal the 21–13 victory.
The win was the first at Soldier Field for the Bears of the 2014 season, and the first in eleven months, dating back to the October 9, 2013 game against the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/2013_Dallas_Cowboys_season "2013 Dallas Cowboys season").{{cite web\|last\=Durkin\|first\=Dan\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/15/durkins\-preview\-bears\-vikings/\|title\=Durkin's Preview: Bears\-Vikings\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=November 15, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}}
#### Week 12: vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\=background\-color:\#03182f; color:\#df6108; border:2px solid \#df6108; text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Twelve: Tampa Bay Buccaneers at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\=November 23
\|time\=12:00 p.m. CST
\|road\=Buccaneers
\|R1\=0\|R2\=10\|R3\=0\|R4\=3
\|home\='''Bears'''
\|H1\=0\|H2\=0\|H3\=21\|H4\=0
\|stadium\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
\|attendance\=61,109
\|weather\={{convert\|54\|F\|C}}, cloudy
\|referee\=\[\[Walt Coleman]]
\|TV\=Fox
\|TVAnnouncers\=Thom Brennaman, David Diehl and Laura Okmin
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014112302/2014/REG12/buccaneers@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56334/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*No scoring
;Second quarter
\*TB – \[\[Mike Evans (wide receiver)\|Mike Evans]] 19 yard pass from \[\[Josh McCown]], \[\[Patrick Murray (American football)\|Patrick Murray]] XP good, 13:24 (TB 7–0\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 46 yards, 3:15'''
\*TB – Patrick Murray 32 yard field goal, 0:04 (TB 10–0\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 74 yards, 1:44'''
;Third quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 2 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 10:33 (TB 10–7\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 58 yards, 3:28'''
\*CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]] 13 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 4:51 (CHI 14–10\). '''Drive: 1 play, 13 yards, 0:06'''
\*CHI – Matt Forte 1 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 3:02 (CHI 21–10\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 15 yards, 1:36'''
;Fourth quarter
\*TB – Patrick Murray 39 yard field goal, 4:56 (CHI 21–13\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 51 yards, 2:55'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* TB – \[\[Josh McCown]], 25/48, 341 yards, 1 TD, 2 INT
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 17/27, 130 yards, 1 TD
;Top rushers
\* TB – \[\[Doug Martin (running back)\|Doug Martin]], 11 carries, 27 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 23 carries, 89 yards, 2 TD
;Top receivers
\* TB – \[\[Louis Murphy]], 6 receptions, 113 yards
\* CHI – Matt Forte, 5 receptions, 23 yards
;Top tacklers
\* TB – \[\[Mason Foster]], 7 tackles
\* CHI – \[\[Ryan Mundy]], 6 tackles
}}
The Bears' game against the 2–8 [Tampa Bay Buccaneers](/wiki/2014_Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers_season "2014 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season") marked the return of Bucs head coach [Lovie Smith](/wiki/Lovie_Smith "Lovie Smith"), who had served as Bears [head coach](/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Bears_head_coaches "List of Chicago Bears head coaches") from 2004 to 2012; his staff also featured seven former Bears' assistants: special teams coordinator [Kevin O'Dea](/wiki/Kevin_O%27Dea "Kevin O'Dea"), cornerbacks coach [Gill Byrd](/wiki/Gill_Byrd "Gill Byrd"), wide receiver coach [Andrew Hayes\-Stoker](/wiki/Andrew_Hayes-Stoker "Andrew Hayes-Stoker"), linebackers coach [Hardy Nickerson](/wiki/Hardy_Nickerson "Hardy Nickerson"), defensive line assistant [Mike Phair](/wiki/Mike_Phair "Mike Phair"), safeties coach [Mikal Smith](/wiki/Mikal_Smith "Mikal Smith"), and running backs coach [Tim Spencer](/wiki/Tim_Spencer_%28American_football%29 "Tim Spencer (American football)").{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-to\-face\-ex\-players\-coaches/94e5b9cf\-b115\-4f3e\-83cb\-9d0de8071bcc\|title\=Bears to face ex\-players, coaches\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=April 23, 2014\|access\-date\=April 24, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424211609/http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-to\-face\-ex\-players\-coaches/94e5b9cf\-b115\-4f3e\-83cb\-9d0de8071bcc\|archive\-date\=April 24, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} The Bucs also featured three former Bears starters in quarterback [Josh McCown](/wiki/Josh_McCown "Josh McCown"), cornerback Isaiah Frey, and safety [Major Wright](/wiki/Major_Wright "Major Wright").{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/21/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-bucs/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Bucs\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=November 21, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} The Bears entered the game leading the all\-time series 36–18, and won the last meeting 24–18 in [2011](/wiki/2011_Chicago_Bears_season "2011 Chicago Bears season").{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=chi\&tm2\=tam\&yr\=all\|title\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs Tampa Bay Buccaneers\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=December 4, 2014}} The Bears' 13th\-ranked offense (19th rushing and 10th passing) had to prepare for a 27th\-ranked Tampa Bay defense (22nd rushing and 30th passing){{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-set\-to\-host\-Buccaneers\-today/827e112d\-1751\-4dc2\-9627\-102d52352ebe\|title\=Bears set to host Buccaneers today\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 23, 2014\|access\-date\=March 30, 2015\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402144043/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-set\-to\-host\-Buccaneers\-today/827e112d\-1751\-4dc2\-9627\-102d52352ebe\|archive\-date\=April 2, 2015\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} that was tied for fourth in forcing plays of negative yardage with 75, 45 of which were runs, the third\-most in the league. To prevent such incidents, the team would have to contain [Gerald McCoy](/wiki/Gerald_McCoy "Gerald McCoy") and [Lavonte David](/wiki/Lavonte_David "Lavonte David"), who recorded three pick\-sixes (tied for the most in the league),{{cite web\|last\=Kaberon\|first\=Eli\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/By\-The\-Numbers\-Week\-12/76e62088\-c706\-43bf\-9bdc\-7c63394d0898\|title\=By The Numbers: Week 12\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 20, 2014\|access\-date\=March 30, 2015\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234758/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/By\-The\-Numbers\-Week\-12/76e62088\-c706\-43bf\-9bdc\-7c63394d0898\|archive\-date\=April 2, 2015\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} 15 turnovers and 45 points on these plays. On defense, the Bears would have to apply pressure: when blitzed, the Buccaneers' quarterbacks have the second\-worst statistics in the league, consisting of a 57\.6 passer rating, four touchdowns, seven interceptions (McCown being responsible for four) and nine sacks. While the Bears' pass defense is ranked 15th compared to Tampa's 19th\-ranked passing attack, and the cornerbacks are undersized compared to the Bucs' receiving tandem of [Mike Evans](/wiki/Mike_Evans_%28wide_receiver%29 "Mike Evans (wide receiver)") and [Vincent Jackson](/wiki/Vincent_Jackson "Vincent Jackson"), both of whom are {{Height\|ft\=6\|in\=5}},{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/players/E/EvanMi00\.htm\|title\=Mike Evans\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=March 30, 2015}}{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/players/J/JackVi00\.htm\|title\=Vincent Jackson\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=March 30, 2015}} the defensive backs are accustomed to such disadvantages in practice. Rushing\-wise, Tampa was struggling productively, being ranked 28th, and had the NFL's second\-least carries, and averaged only 3\.2 yards on first down. ESPN, Yahoo!, *USA Today*, Fox Sports, and CBS Sports' majority panels predicted a Bears victory.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/The\-Pick\-is\-in\-Bears\-vs\-Buccaneers/751776e3\-5f43\-4874\-aea3\-6cb3a2dbd6d2\|title\=The Pick is in: Bears vs. Buccaneers\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 21, 2014\|access\-date\=March 30, 2015\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234804/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/The\-Pick\-is\-in\-Bears\-vs\-Buccaneers/751776e3\-5f43\-4874\-aea3\-6cb3a2dbd6d2\|archive\-date\=April 2, 2015\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} Terrance Mitchell, Khaseem Greene, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, Jordan Mills, Trevor Scott and Chris Williams were inactive.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Buccaneers/6dee2c86\-d744\-42d5\-ab35\-9c8a0f5bda74\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Buccaneers\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 23, 2014\|access\-date\=March 30, 2015\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234802/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Buccaneers/6dee2c86\-d744\-42d5\-ab35\-9c8a0f5bda74\|archive\-date\=April 2, 2015\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
The Buccaneers won the coin toss, but decided to kickoff. After the Bears went three\-and\-out, [Marcus Thigpen](/wiki/Marcus_Thigpen "Marcus Thigpen") muffed the ensuing punt but recovered. Tampa turned the ball over anyway when McCown was intercepted by Chris Conte, though Jay Cutler was also responsible for a turnover of his own after being hit by McCoy and fumbling with [Clinton McDonald](/wiki/Clinton_McDonald "Clinton McDonald").{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554333\.\=0\|title\=Tampa Bay Buccaneers vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=March 30, 2015}} McCown later connected with Evans for a 19\-yard touchdown.{{cite web\|agency\=\[\[Associated Press\|AP]]\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/23/bears\-rally\-for\-21\-13\-victory\-over\-buccaneers/\|title\=Bears Rally For 21\-13 Victory Over Buccaneers\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=November 23, 2014\|access\-date\=December 22, 2019}} After two drives of punts, Robbie Gould missed a 54\-yard field goal while [Patrick Murray](/wiki/Patrick_Murray_%28American_football%29 "Patrick Murray (American football)") made a 32\-yard kick. The Bears improved in the second half as Cutler threw a two\-yard score to Alshon Jeffery, followed by two Forte touchdowns for 21 unanswered points. The Bucs would commit three turnovers in the second half as McCown lost a fumble on a David Bass sack and threw an interception to Ryan Mundy, and Jackson was stripped by Tim Jennings. Tampa added a 39\-yard field goal in the fourth quarter, but could not rally as the Bears won.
The Bears were the second team in 2014 to win despite recording less than 205 total yards.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/they\-said\-it\-bears\-buccaneers\-14426606\|title\=They said it: Bears\-Buccaneers\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 24, 2014\|access\-date\=December 22, 2019}}
#### Week 13: at Detroit Lions
[Thanksgiving Day game](/wiki/NFL_on_Thanksgiving_Day "NFL on Thanksgiving Day")
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Thirteen: Chicago Bears at Detroit Lions – Game summary
\|date\={{tooltip\|November 27\|Thursday}}
\|time\=12:30 p.m. EST/11:30 a.m. CST
\|road\=Bears
\|R1\=14\|R2\=0\|R3\=3\|R4\=0
\|home\='''Lions'''
\|H1\=3\|H2\=21\|H3\=0\|H4\=10
\|stadium\=\[\[Ford Field]], \[\[Detroit\|Detroit, Michigan]]
\|attendance\=64,175
\|weather\=Played indoors (dome stadium)
\|referee\=\[\[Bill Vinovich]]
\|TV\=CBS
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Jim Nantz]], \[\[Phil Simms]] and \[\[Tracy Wolfson]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014112700/2014/REG13/bears@lions Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56346/DET\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 10 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 10:33 (CHI 7–0\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 55 yards, 2:47'''
\*DET – \[\[Matt Prater]] 46 yard field goal, 6:51 (CHI 7–3\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 52 yards, 3:42'''
\*CHI – Alshon Jeffery 6 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 3:35 (CHI 14–3\). '''Drive: 2 plays, 5 yards, 0:43'''
;Second quarter
\*DET – \[\[Calvin Johnson]] 25 yard pass from \[\[Matthew Stafford]], Matt Prater XP good, 12:55 (CHI 14–10\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 78 yards, 5:40'''
\*DET – \[\[Joique Bell]] 1 yard run, Matt Prater XP good, 3:18 (DET 17–14\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 86 yards, 4:28'''
\*DET – Calvin Johnson 6 yard pass from Matthew Stafford, Matt Prater XP good, 0:24 (DET 24–14\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 64 yards, 1:21'''
;Third quarter
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 35 yard field goal, 8:54 (DET 24–17\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 64 yards, 6:06'''
;Fourth quarter
\*DET – Joique Bell 1 yard run, 14:57 (DET 31–17\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 95 yards, 6:01'''
\*DET – Matt Prater 40 yard field goal, 6:16 (DET 34–17\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 20 yards, 3:13'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 31/48, 280 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT
\* DET – \[\[Matthew Stafford]], 34/45, 390 yards, 2 TD
;Top rushers
\* CHI – \[\[Ka'Deem Carey]], 2 carries, 8 yards
\* DET – \[\[Joique Bell]], 23 carries, 91 yards, 2 TD
;Top receivers
\* CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]], 9 receptions, 71 yards, 2 TD
\* DET – \[\[Calvin Johnson]], 11 receptions, 146 yards, 2 TD
;Top tacklers
\* CHI – \[\[Ryan Mundy]], 11 tackles
\* DET – \[\[DeAndre Levy]], 10 tackles
}}
The Bears played their first [Thanksgiving Day](/wiki/NFL_on_Thanksgiving_Day "NFL on Thanksgiving Day") game in ten seasons against the 7–4 [Detroit Lions](/wiki/2014_Detroit_Lions_season "2014 Detroit Lions season"). The two [rivals](/wiki/Bears-Lions_rivalry "Bears-Lions rivalry") have played 15 games on Thanksgiving, with Chicago holding the lead 8–7, but the Bears have been 1–4 in their last five Thanksgiving Day games, the most recent win coming in [1993](/wiki/1993_Chicago_Bears_season "1993 Chicago Bears season") against the Lions. The previous Thanksgiving game for the Bears was a 21–7 loss to the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys "Dallas Cowboys") in [2004](/wiki/2004_Chicago_Bears_season "2004 Chicago Bears season").{{cite web\|last\=Wright\|first\=Michael C.\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\_/id/4691771/chicago\-bears\-schedule\-analysis\|title\=Chicago Bears schedule analysis\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=April 23, 2014\|access\-date\=April 23, 2014}} The Lions entered the game with one of the best run defenses in the league that allowed fewer than 71 yards per game and a league\-best 3\.2 per carry; Detroit's defense also led the league in negative\-yardage rushing plays with 16\.7 percent. Jeff Joniak wrote "running on the edges of the Lions defense with the tackle sweeps and toss plays to Matt Forte could prove to be effective" in defeating them. Offensively, Joniak noted the Lions were similar to the Bears in featuring elements of the [New Orleans Saints](/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints "New Orleans Saints") in their offensive thanks to coordinator [Joe Lombardi](/wiki/Joe_Lombardi "Joe Lombardi")'s ties to the team. Although the Lions had failed to score a touchdown in eight consecutive quarters entering thirteen, running back [Reggie Bush](/wiki/Reggie_Bush "Reggie Bush") made his return to the team from injury. Overall, Joniak concluded the Bears had to capitalize on the Lions' two\-game losing streak to win.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/26/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-lions/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Lions\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=November 26, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} Terrance Mitchell, Darryl Sharpton, Lance Briggs, Eben Britton, Trevor Scott, Chris Williams, and Jeremiah Ratliff sat out the game.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\-inactives\-bears\-lions\-14450798\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Lions\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 27, 2014\|access\-date\=December 24, 2019\|archive\-date\=December 23, 2019\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223215221/https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\-inactives\-bears\-lions\-14450798\|url\-status\=dead}}
Chicago, who had struggled in the first quarter as they were outscored 41–0 in the period in their last six games, saw early success as they forced a Detroit punt before scoring on their opening drive with Jay Cutler's ten\-yard touchdown to Alshon Jeffery.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\-start\-quick\-but\-stumble\-to\-loss\-14452564\|title\=Bears start quick, but stumble to loss\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 27, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} [Matt Prater](/wiki/Matt_Prater "Matt Prater") made a 46\-yard field goal, but a [Jared Allen](/wiki/Jared_Allen "Jared Allen") forced fumble on [Matthew Stafford](/wiki/Matthew_Stafford "Matthew Stafford") led to Cutler throwing a six\-yard score to Jeffery to put the Bears up 14–3\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554281\|title\=Bears vs. Lions – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} However, the Lions responded with 21 consecutive points in the second quarter with two Stafford touchdown throws to [Calvin Johnson](/wiki/Calvin_Johnson "Calvin Johnson") and a [Joique Bell](/wiki/Joique_Bell "Joique Bell") run, completing series of 78, 86, and 64 yards. Chicago attempted to respond with a 63\-yard drive that ended with Robbie Gould's 35\-yard kick, but the Lions engineered a 95\-yard possession with Bell's one\-yard score in the fourth quarter. Trailing 31–17, the Bears switched to a vertical passing attack, only for Cutler's pass to Brandon Marshall to be tipped by [Darius Slay](/wiki/Darius_Slay "Darius Slay") and intercepted by [Glover Quin](/wiki/Glover_Quin "Glover Quin"), which set up a 40\-yard kick by Prater. Getting the ball with 1:55 remaining in the game, the Bears reached the Lions' 14\-yard line before Cutler was picked off by [James Ihedigbo](/wiki/James_Ihedigbo "James Ihedigbo") on the final play.
#### Week 14: vs. Dallas Cowboys
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Fourteen: Dallas Cowboys at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\={{tooltip\|December 4\|Thursday}}
\|time\=7:25 p.m. CST
\|road\='''Cowboys'''
\|R1\=0\|R2\=14\|R3\=21\|R4\=6
\|home\=Bears
\|H1\=0\|H2\=7\|H3\=0\|H4\=21
\|stadium\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
\|attendance\=61,558
\|weather\={{convert\|35\|F\|C}}, cloudy
\|referee\=\[\[Ed Hochuli]]
\|TV\=\[\[Thursday Night Football\|NFLN]]
\|TVAnnouncers\=Jim Nantz, Phil Simms and Tracy Wolfson
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014120400/2014/REG14/cowboys@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56362/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*No scoring
;Second quarter
\* DAL – \[\[DeMarco Murray]] 1 yard rush, \[\[Dan Bailey (American football)\|Dan Bailey]] XP good, 10:50 (DAL 7–0\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 51 yards, 5:53'''
\* CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]] 12 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Jay Feely]] XP good, 6:13 (TIE 7–7\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 80 yards, 4:37'''
\* DAL – \[\[Cole Beasley]] 13 yard pass from Tony Romo, Dan Bailey XP good, 0:08 (DAL 14–7\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 72 yards, 6:05'''
;Third quarter
\* DAL – Cole Beasley 24 yard pass from Tony Romo, Dan Bailey XP good, 12:32 (DAL 21–7\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 31 yards, 1:27'''
\* DAL – \[\[Gavin Escobar]] 6 yard pass from Tony Romo, Dan Bailey XP good, 8:02 (DAL 28–7\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 56 yards, 2:14'''
\* DAL – \[\[Joseph Randle]] 17 yard run, Dan Bailey XP good, 2:09 (DAL 35–7\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 68 yards, 3:17'''
;Fourth quarter
\* CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 27 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Jay Feely XP blocked, 14:52 (DAL 35–13\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 76 yards, 2:17'''
\* DAL – Dan Bailey 35 yard field goal, 12:35 (DAL 38–13\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 31 yards, 2:17'''
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]] 1 yard run, Matt Forte run for two\-point conversion, 7:17 (DAL 38–21\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 67 yards, 5:18'''
\* CHI – Jay Cutler 10 yard rush, Jay Feely XP good, 6:09 (DAL 38–28\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 67 yards, 5:18'''
\* DAL – Dan Bailey 27 yard field goal, 3:41 (DAL 41–28\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 50 yards, 1:08'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* DAL – \[\[Tony Romo]], 21/26, 205 yards, 3 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 32/46, 341 yards, 2 TD, 1 INT
;Top rushers
\* DAL – \[\[DeMarco Murray]], 32 carries, 179 yards, 1 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 13 carries, 26 yards, 1 TD
;Top receivers
\* DAL – DeMarco Murray, 9 receptions, 49 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]], 12 receptions, 84 yards, 1 TD
;Top tacklers
\* DAL – \[\[Rolando McClain]], 10 tackles
\* CHI – \[\[Jon Bostic]], 5 tackles
}}
On Thursday night, the Bears and [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/2014_Dallas_Cowboys_season "2014 Dallas Cowboys season") met for the 25th time in week fourteen. The Bears had won the last three meetings between the two, including a 45–28 victory in 2013\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=dal\&tm2\=chi\&yr\=all\|title\=Boxscore finder: Dallas Cowboys vs Chicago Bears\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} In his pre\-game preview, Jeff Joniak described the upcoming game as "tug of war with the clock" as both teams sought to control time of possession: in 2014, the Bears were ranked tenth in time of possession, while the Cowboys were ahead in fifth, and in their 2013 game, the Bears held the ball for 36 minutes. The Cowboys defense also struggled on first down, being ranked 29th in the NFL with 4\.9 yards per carry allowed on such downs. Conversely, Dallas' offense featured one of the top offensive lines as [DeMarco Murray](/wiki/DeMarco_Murray "DeMarco Murray") led the league in carries and rushing yards, while quarterback [Tony Romo](/wiki/Tony_Romo "Tony Romo") had just eight interceptions and a passer rating of 125 against blitzes. However, the Cowboys had lost 12 of 18 fumbles, a weakness that Joniak emphasized.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/04/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-cowboys/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Cowboys\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=December 4, 2019\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} Robbie Gould, who suffered a quad injury, was among the seven Bears inactive for the games as he joined Terrance Mitchell, Khaseem Greene, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, Jeremiah Ratliff, and Cornelius Washington.{{cite web\|last\=Durkin\|first\=Dan\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/04/bears\-cowboys\-gould\-ratliff\-inactive/\|title\=Bears\-Cowboys: Gould, Ratliff Inactive\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=December 4, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} To take Gould's place, the Bears signed [Jay Feely](/wiki/Jay_Feely "Jay Feely"), who made 30 of 36 kicks in 2013 with the [Arizona Cardinals](/wiki/2013_Arizona_Cardinals_season "2013 Arizona Cardinals season").{{cite web\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/03/with\-robbie\-gould\-injured\-bears\-sign\-kicker\-jay\-feely/\|title\=With Robbie Gould Injured, Bears Sign Kicker Jay Feely\|work\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=December 3, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}}
Four consecutive punts and a scoreless first quarter began the game before both teams traded touchdowns: after Murray scored a one\-yard touchdown run, Jay Cutler threw a 12\-yard score to Martellus Bennett, which Dallas answered on Romo's 13\-yard pass to [Cole Beasley](/wiki/Cole_Beasley "Cole Beasley").{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554349\|title\=Cowboys vs. Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} In the third quarter, the Cowboys scored three touchdowns to complete a 13\-minute stretch between the second and third periods in which they scored 28 unanswered points:{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\-fall\-to\-5\-8\-with\-loss\-to\-cowboys\-14505909\|title\=Bears fall to 5\-8 with loss to Cowboys\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=December 4, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} after Matt Forte lost a fumble to [Sterling Moore](/wiki/Sterling_Moore "Sterling Moore"), Romo threw a 24\-yard touchdown to Beasley, followed by a six\-yard touchdown pass to [Gavin Escobar](/wiki/Gavin_Escobar "Gavin Escobar") and [Joseph Randle](/wiki/Joseph_Randle "Joseph Randle")'s 17\-yard touchdown run. The Bears opened the fourth quarter with Cutler's 27\-yard touchdown to Alshon Jeffery, though Feely's extra point was blocked. Chicago then attempted an onside kick that Beasley recovered, with [Anthony Walters](/wiki/Anthony_Walters_%28American_football%29 "Anthony Walters (American football)") suffering an offside penalty. The Cowboys would drive to the Bears' 17 where [Dan Bailey](/wiki/Dan_Bailey_%28American_football%29 "Dan Bailey (American football)") converted a 35\-yard field goal. Forte later ran for a one\-yard touchdown and scored on the two\-point conversion; the Bears' Dante Rosario recovered the ensuing onside for the team's first successful onside kick since [2003](/wiki/2003_Chicago_Bears_season "2003 Chicago Bears season").{{cite news\|last\=Biggs\|first\=Brad\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\-brad\-biggs\-thoughts\-bears\-cowboys\-20141205\-story.html\|title\=Brad Biggs' 10 thoughts after Bears' loss to Cowboys\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=December 5, 2014\|access\-date\=December 5, 2014}} Assisted by a roughing the passer penalty on [Tyrone Crawford](/wiki/Tyrone_Crawford "Tyrone Crawford"), the Chicago offense reached the Dallas ten, where Cutler ran for the score. A third onside kick attempt failed as DeDe Lattimore was penalized for being offsides and [Dez Bryant](/wiki/Dez_Bryant "Dez Bryant") recovered; Bailey later made a 27\-yard kick. Down 41–28, the Bears attempted to rally and reached the Cowboys' red zone before Cutler was intercepted by [Orlando Scandrick](/wiki/Orlando_Scandrick "Orlando Scandrick") in the end zone.
The Cowboys ended the game with scores on seven consecutive drives, with three exceptions being the first two punts and the final possession in which Romo kneeled twice to end the game.
With the Lions' win over the Buccaneers three days later, the Bears were officially eliminated from playoff contention.{{cite news\|last\=Campbell\|first\=Rich\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\-bears\-eliminated\-playoffs\-20141207\-story.html\|title\=Bears eliminated from playoff contention\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=December 7, 2014\|access\-date\=November 7, 2014}}
#### Week 15: vs. New Orleans Saints
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Fifteen: New Orleans Saints at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\={{tooltip\|December 15\|Monday}}
\|time\=7:30 p.m. CST
\|road\='''Saints'''
\|R1\=0\|R2\=14\|R3\=10\|R4\=7
\|home\=Bears
\|H1\=0\|H2\=0\|H3\=0\|H4\=15
\|stadium\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
\|attendance\=60,996
\|weather\={{convert\|44\|F\|C}}, rain showers
\|referee\=Carl Cheffers
\|TV\=ESPN
\|TVAnnouncers\=Mike Tirico, Jon Gruden and Lisa Salters
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014121500/2014/REG15/saints@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56393/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*No scoring
;Second quarter
\* NO – \[\[Josh Hill (American football)\|Josh Hill]] 8 yard pass from \[\[Drew Brees]], \[\[Shayne Graham]] XP good, 14:52 (NO 7–0\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 85 yards, 4:03'''
\* NO – \[\[Marques Colston]] 9 yard pass from Drew Brees, Shayne Graham XP good, 0:32 (NO 14–0\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 95 yards, 3:30'''
;Third quarter
\* NO – Josh Hill 7 yard pass from Drew Brees, Shayne Graham XP good, 8:35 (NO 21–0\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 80 yards, 6:25'''
\* NO – Shayne Graham 25 yard field goal, 0:16 (NO 24–0\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 49 yards, 3:05'''
;Fourth quarter
\* CHI – \[\[Marquess Wilson]] 1 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], Jay Cutler to \[\[Martellus Bennett]] for two\-point conversion, 12:47 (NO 24–8\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 56 yards, 2:29'''
\* NO – \[\[Mark Ingram II]] 15 yard run, Shayne Graham XP good, 1:47 (NO 31–8\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 23 yards, 1:00'''
\* CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 7 yard pass from Jay Cutler, \[\[Jay Feely]] XP good, 0:30 (NO 31–15\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 71 yards, 1:17'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* NO – \[\[Drew Brees]], 29/36, 375 yards, 3 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 17/31, 194 yards, 2 TD, 3 INT
;Top rushers
\* NO – \[\[Mark Ingram II]], 17 carries, 59 yards, 1 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 16 carries, 78 yards
;Top receivers
\* NO – \[\[Jimmy Graham]], 5 receptions, 87 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]], 4 receptions, 78 yards, 1 TD
;Top tacklers
\* NO – \[\[John Jenkins (defensive tackle)\|John Jenkins]], 7 tackles
\* CHI – \[\[Christian Jones (American football)\|Christian Jones]], 8 tackles
}}
Week fifteen saw a battle of 5–8 teams as the Bears hosted the [New Orleans Saints](/wiki/2014_New_Orleans_Saints_season "2014 New Orleans Saints season"); the Bears entered the game with a 15–13 advantage in the all\-time series, though they dropped their last meeting in 2013 26–18\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=chi\&tm2\=nor\&yr\=all\|title\=All Matchups, Chicago Bears vs. New Orleans Saints\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} With the Saints allowing 271 rushing yards in their previous game against the [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/2014_Carolina_Panthers_season "2014 Carolina Panthers season") and 183 rushing yards per game in the last five weeks, Jeff Joniak stressed a run\-heavy offense with Matt Forte who had just 18 combined carries and 31 total yards in his last two games. The Saints defense was also allowing 398 yards per game and eight yards per pass, among the worst in the NFL, while their 359 total points allowed were the second\-most in the NFC behind the Bears' 378\. For the Bears defense, Joniak focused on containing [Mark Ingram II](/wiki/Mark_Ingram_II "Mark Ingram II"), who had four 100\-yard rushing games in 2014, and [Drew Brees](/wiki/Drew_Brees "Drew Brees"), who was completing 69\.3 percent of his throws and was close to breaking 4,000 passing yards for the ninth straight year.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/14/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-saints/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Saints\|date\=December 14, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} Chris Conte, Robbie Gould, [Michael Ola](/wiki/Michael_Ola "Michael Ola"), Trevor Scott, David Fales, Brandon Dunn, and Terrance Mitchell were inactive.{{cite web\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/15/bears\-saints\-inactives\-gould\-conte\-are\-out/\|title\=Bears\-Saints Inactives: Gould, Conte Are Out\|work\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=December 15, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}}
After a scoreless first quarter in which Jay Cutler was intercepted by [Patrick Robinson](/wiki/Patrick_Robinson_%28cornerback%29 "Patrick Robinson (cornerback)") on the opening drive, [Nick Toon](/wiki/Nick_Toon "Nick Toon") lost a fumble to Jared Allen, and [Shayne Graham](/wiki/Shayne_Graham "Shayne Graham") missed a 51\-yard field goal, the Saints scored 24 unanswered points across the second and third quarters. The points came via Brees' eight\- and nine\-yard touchdown throws to [Josh Hill](/wiki/Josh_Hill_%28American_football%29 "Josh Hill (American football)") and [Marques Colston](/wiki/Marques_Colston "Marques Colston") in the second, followed a second Brees\-to\-Hill score for seven yards and Graham's 25\-yard kick in the third.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554427\|title\=Saints vs. Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} Against a blitz\-heavy Saints defense, Cutler was sacked a season\-high seven times as the offense recorded just 278 total yards.{{cite web\|last\=Kaberon\|first\=Eli\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\-struggles\-on\-offense\-continue\-14589029\|title\=Bears struggles on offense continue\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=December 15, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019\|archive\-date\=December 24, 2019\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224042411/https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\-struggles\-on\-offense\-continue\-14589029\|url\-status\=dead}} He was also intercepted two more times by [Pierre Warren](/wiki/Pierre_Warren "Pierre Warren") in the second and third quarters. During the first quarter, on 4th\-and\-3 from their own 39 and with only ten players on the field, the Bears attempted to fake the punt by directly snapping to Danny McCray; McCray would gain only two yards on the play. The Bears were then penalized for not having seven players on the line of scrimmage, missing a lineman.{{cite news\|last\=Biggs\|first\=Brad\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\-biggs\-10\-thoughts\-bears\-saints\-20141216\-story.html\|title\=10 thoughts after Bears' loss to Saints\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=December 16, 2014\|access\-date\=December 29, 2014}} {{subscription required\|date\=December 2014}} Chicago would not score points until the fourth quarter with a one\-yard touchdown pass to Marquess Wilson. After the [two\-minute warning](/wiki/Two-minute_warning "Two-minute warning"), Ingram recorded a 15\-yard touchdown run, which the Bears answered with a seven\-yard throw from Cutler to Alshon Jeffery to complete a 71\-yard drive. The Saints' [Benjamin Watson](/wiki/Benjamin_Watson "Benjamin Watson") recovered the onside to end the game.
With the loss, the Bears fell to 5–9, their first losing season since 2009\.
#### Week 16: vs. Detroit Lions
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Sixteen: Detroit Lions at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\=December 21
\|time\=12:00 p.m. CST
\|road\='''Lions'''
\|R1\=7\|R2\=0\|R3\=3\|R4\=10
\|home\=Bears
\|H1\=0\|H2\=7\|H3\=7\|H4\=0
\|stadium\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
\|attendance\=61,420
\|weather\={{convert\|36\|F\|C}}, cloudy
\|referee\=\[\[Gene Steratore]]
\|TV\=Fox
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Joe Buck]], \[\[Troy Aikman]] and \[\[Erin Andrews]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014122101/2014/REG16/lions@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56398/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
\*DET – \[\[Reggie Bush]] 13 yard run, \[\[Matt Prater]] XP good, 5:15 (DET 7–0\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 57 yards, 3:00'''
'''Second quarter'''
\*CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]] 11 yard pass from \[\[Jimmy Clausen]], \[\[Jay Feely]] XP good, 0:30 (TIE 7–7\). '''Drive: 1 play, 11 yards, 0:06'''
'''Third quarter'''
\*DET – Matt Prater 39 yard field goal, 10:24 (DET 10–7\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 47 yards, 4:36'''
\*CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 20 yard pass from Jimmy Clausen, Jay Feely XP good, 7:39\. (CHI 14–10\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 80 yards, 7:39'''
'''Fourth quarter'''
\*DET – \[\[Joique Bell]] 17 yard run, Matt Prater XP good, 1:05 (DET 17–14\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 73 yards, 1:05'''
\*DET – Matt Prater 30 yard field goal, 2:59\. (DET 20–14\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 43 yards, 2:59'''
\|stats\=
'''Top passers'''
\* DET – \[\[Matthew Stafford]], 22/39, 243 yards, 2 INT
\* CHI – \[\[Jimmy Clausen]], 23/39, 181 yards, 2 TD, 1 INT
'''Top rushers'''
\* DET – \[\[Joique Bell]], 13 carries, 74 yards, 1 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 19 carries, 55 yards
'''Top receivers'''
\* DET – \[\[Calvin Johnson]], 6 receptions, 103 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]], 6 receptions, 72 yards, 1 TD
'''Top tacklers'''
\* DET – \[\[DeAndre Levy]], 6 tackles, 2 assists
\* CHI – \[\[Christian Jones (American football)\|Christian Jones]], 11 tackles
}}
[thumb\|[Jimmy Clausen](/wiki/Jimmy_Clausen "Jimmy Clausen") made his first start since his rookie year in 2010 in week sixteen against the Lions](/wiki/File:Jimmy_Clausen_bear2014.jpg "Jimmy Clausen bear2014.jpg")
With the Bears struggling, Jay Cutler was benched for backup [Jimmy Clausen](/wiki/Jimmy_Clausen "Jimmy Clausen") against the Lions in week sixteen; at the time of his benching, Cutler led the league in turnovers with 24\. It was Clausen's first start since his rookie year with the [2010 Carolina Panthers](/wiki/2010_Carolina_Panthers_season "2010 Carolina Panthers season"), during which he went 1–9 as a starter; in 2014, he appeared in three games with the Bears, during which he completed three of nine passes for 42 yards. At the time of his benching, Cutler led the league in turnovers with 24\.{{cite news\|last\=Birkett\|first\=Dave\|url\=https://www.freep.com/story/sports/nfl/lions/2014/12/17/jimmy\-clausen/20563521/\|title\=Cutler benched; Bears to start Jimmy Clausen vs. Lions\|newspaper\=\[\[Detroit Free Press]]\|date\=December 17, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}}{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Clausen\-excited\-to\-make\-first\-start/9282e1e4\-2a3a\-46d7\-9577\-9f3baff4d7ba\|title\=Clausen excited to make first start\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=December 18, 2014\|access\-date\=December 29, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219231522/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Clausen\-excited\-to\-make\-first\-start/9282e1e4\-2a3a\-46d7\-9577\-9f3baff4d7ba\|archive\-date\=December 19, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} Robbie Gould, David Fales, Terrance Mitchell, Chris Conte, Kyle Long, Trevor Scott, and Will Sutton were unavailable as all but Mitchell and Scott were dealing with injuries.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\-inactives\-bears\-lions\-14623818\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Lions\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=December 21, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019\|archive\-date\=December 24, 2019\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224043612/https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\-inactives\-bears\-lions\-14623818\|url\-status\=dead}}
After two punts, the Lions scored first on Reggie Bush's 13\-yard touchdown run. Although the Bears drove to Detroit's one\-yard line, they were unable to score as Clausen's fourth\-down pass to Eben Britton, who had reported in as an [eligible receiver](/wiki/Eligible_receiver "Eligible receiver"), fell incomplete. Chicago would get the ball back on the following series after Matthew Stafford's pass was intercepted by Brock Vereen, but they could not capitalize on the takeaway and punted. Stafford would be intercepted again, this time by Ryan Mundy, at the Bears' one\-yard line, though the Chicago offense yet again failed to score.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554401\|title\=Lions vs. Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} On the ensuing punt, returner [Jeremy Ross](/wiki/Jeremy_Ross "Jeremy Ross") muffed the punt at the Lions' 11 and Sherrick McManis recovered. On the next play, Clausen threw an 11\-yard touchdown to Forte. After Matt Prater made a 39\-yard field goal on the first drive of the second half, Clausen answered with a 20\-yard score to Alshon Jeffery to give the Bears the 14–10; the score was aided by a roughing the punter while the Bears were punting on fourth\-and\-23\.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\-blow\-fourth\-quarter\-lead\-in\-loss\-14628909\|title\=Bears blow fourth\-quarter lead in loss\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=December 21, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} In the fourth quarter, Prater's 37\-yard attempt was blocked by Jeremiah Ratliff, but the Lions would score ten unanswered points in the period via Joique Bell's 17\-yard touchdown run and a 30\-yard kick by Prater. The go\-ahead touchdown by Bell was created with help from a defensive pass interference on Tim Jennings while covering [Corey Fuller](/wiki/Corey_Fuller_%28wide_receiver%29 "Corey Fuller (wide receiver)"), resulting in a 46\-yard gain for the Lions. Down by six points with 2:35 remaining, the Bears reached their 45 before Clausen's fourth\-down throw was intercepted by Glover Quin.
Clausen ended his day with 23 of 39 passes completed for 181 yards, two touchdowns, an interception, and a passer rating of 77\.0\.{{cite news\|url\=https://www.latimes.com/sports/ct\-bears\-lions\-jimmy\-clausen\-spt\-1222\-20141221\-story.html\|title\=Jimmy Clausen spark goes out quickly as Bears lose 4th straight\|newspaper\=\[\[Los Angeles Times]]\|date\=December 21, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019\|archive\-date\=December 24, 2019\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224050048/https://www.latimes.com/sports/ct\-bears\-lions\-jimmy\-clausen\-spt\-1222\-20141221\-story.html\|url\-status\=dead}} Prior to the fourth quarter in which he completed just four of ten throws for 25 yards and the pick, he was 19 of 29 for 156 yards and two touchdowns for a 102\.1 passer rating. He suffered a concussion in the game after a helmet\-to\-helmet hit by [Ziggy Ansah](/wiki/Ziggy_Ansah "Ziggy Ansah"), forcing him to miss the season finale in Minnesota.{{cite web\|last\=Wesseling\|first\=Chris\|url\=https://www.nfl.com/news/jay\-cutler\-to\-start\-for\-bears\-jimmy\-clausen\-concussed\-0ap3000000448206\|title\=Jay Cutler to start for Bears; Jimmy Clausen concussed\|publisher\=\[\[National Football League]]\|date\=December 22, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}}
#### Week 17: at Minnesota Vikings
* + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Seventeen: Chicago Bears at Minnesota Vikings – Game summary
\|date\=December 28
\|time\=12:00 p.m. CST
\|road\=Bears
\|R1\=0\|R2\=3\|R3\=3\|R4\=3
\|home\='''Vikings'''
\|H1\=3\|H2\=0\|H3\=7\|H4\=3
\|stadium\=\[\[TCF Bank Stadium]], \[\[Minneapolis, Minnesota]]
\|attendance\=52,364
\|weather\={{convert\|15\|F\|C}}, cloudy
\|referee\=\[\[Jeff Triplette]]
\|TV\=Fox
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Dick Stockton]], \[\[Brady Quinn]] and Kristina Pink
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014122806/2014/REG17/bears@vikings Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56416/MIN\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*MIN – \[\[Blair Walsh]] 37 yard field goal, 4:59 (MIN 3–0\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 61 yards, 5:25\.'''
;Second quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Jay Feely]] 48 yard field goal, 0:55 (TIE 3–3\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 42 yards, 2:53\.'''
;Third quarter
\*CHI – Jay Feely 25 yard field goal, 13:05 (CHI 6–3\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 2 yards, 1:40\.'''
\*MIN – \[\[Adam Thielen]] 44 yard pass from \[\[Teddy Bridgewater]], \[\[Blair Walsh]] XP good, 10:53 (MIN 10–6\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 80 yards, 2:12\.'''
;Fourth quarter
\*MIN – Blair Walsh 44 yard field goal, 11:29\. (MIN 13–6\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 27 yards, 2:29\.'''
\*CHI – Jay Feely 35 yard field goal, 8:53\. (MIN 13–9\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 18 yards, 2:36\.'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 23/36, 172 yards
\* MIN – \[\[Teddy Bridgewater]], 17/25, 209 yards, TD
;Top rushers
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 17 rushes, 51 yards
\* MIN – \[\[Matt Asiata]], 19 rushes, 91 yards
;Top receivers
\* CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]], 8 receptions, 59 yards
\* MIN – \[\[Adam Thielen]], 3 receptions, 68 yards, TD
}}
With Jimmy Clausen out, Jay Cutler started the 2014 season finale against the Vikings. In his pre\-game keys, Jeff Joniak discussed protecting Cutler from Mike Zimmer's blitzes; although Cutler recorded 330 passing yards in their first meeting, he was hit five times, while the Vikings were ranked in the top ten in sacks and forcing offensive linemen to commit holding penalties. On defense, he emphasized the ability to "compete with fire" to stop Teddy Bridgewater, who had four straight games with at least 70 percent of his passes completed, and Matt Asiata, who was second in the league with nine rushing touchdowns. Joniak concluded his article by noting the overall message should be maintaining effort as the Bears completed "one of the most frustrating and perplexing seasons in recent franchise history with unfulfilled expectations devolving into uncertainty for 2015\."{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/26/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-vikings\-2/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Vikings\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=December 26, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} Clausen, Robbie Gould, [Al Louis\-Jean](/wiki/Al_Louis-Jean "Al Louis-Jean"), Chris Conte, Charles Leno, [Austen Lane](/wiki/Austen_Lane "Austen Lane"), and Brandon Dunn did not dress for the game.{{cite web\|last\=Durkin\|first\=Dan\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/28/bears\-vikings\-inactive\-list/\|title\=Bears\-Vikings: Inactive List\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=December 28, 2014\|access\-date\=December 24, 2019}}
In a low\-scoring affair, the Vikings scored the only points of the first quarter with Blair Walsh's 37\-yard field goal; Bridgewater had thrown a 35\-yard touchdown to Greg Jennings early in the drive, but the pass was ruled incomplete. Jay Feely made a 48\-yard kick on the Bears' final drive of the first half. Every other series in the half ended with a punt.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554437\|title\=Bears vs. Vikings – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} The second half began with Bridgewater being intercepted by Kyle Fuller, who returned the pick to Minnesota's nine\-yard line. However, the offense could not score the touchdown and had to settle for Feely's 25\-yard field goal. The Vikings answered with a 44\-yard touchdown pass by Bridgewater to [Adam Thielen](/wiki/Adam_Thielen "Adam Thielen"). Following a 44\-yard field goal by Walsh in the fourth quarter, [Marc Mariani](/wiki/Marc_Mariani "Marc Mariani") returned the ensuing kickoff 67 yards to the Vikings' 35, but the offense once again could not capitalize, leading to a 35\-yard kick by Feely.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\-drop\-fifth\-straight\-to\-end\-season\-14675765\|title\=Bears drop fifth straight to end season\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=December 28, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} Minnesota would reach Chicago's three on the next series, but were stopped on fourth down; the Bears also suffered the same fate when Cutler's fourth\-and\-nine pass to Martellus Bennett fell short by a yard.
The offense struggled mightily as the Bears failed to score a touchdown for the first time under Marc Trestman. Although Cutler completed 23 of 36 passes in the game for a career\-best 66 percent, he had just 172 passing yards and just one pass that exceeded 20 yards.{{cite web\|last\=Kaberon\|first\=Eli\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\-offense\-struggles\-in\-season\-finale\-14676441\|title\=Bears offense struggles in season finale\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=December 28, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}}
With the loss, the Bears ended the season with their fifth consecutive loss, the first such losing streak since [1989](/wiki/1989_Chicago_Bears_season "1989 Chicago Bears season"), and their first last\-place finish in the division since [2007](/wiki/2007_Chicago_Bears_season "2007 Chicago Bears season").
|
[
"Regular season\n--------------",
"### Transactions",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{hidden\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\| header \\= Regular season roster changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\| titlestyle \\= {{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\| content \\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Additions\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 8, the Bears signed \\[\\[Ahmad Dixon]].{{cite web\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/08/bears\\-sign\\-s\\-ahmad\\-dixon\\-waive\\-cb\\-demontre\\-hurst/\\|title\\=Bears Sign S Ahmad Dixon, Waive CB Demontre Hurst\\|work\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 8, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 10, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 9, the Bears signed \\[\\[Eben Britton]].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 13, the Bears promoted \\[\\[Josh Bellamy]], \\[\\[Chris Williams (wide receiver)\\|Chris Williams]], and \\[\\[Taylor Boggs]] to the active roster.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-add\\-three\\-from\\-practice\\-squad/f48cda42\\-a6fa\\-4d8b\\-9c12\\-6c1d1e5ed37c\\|title\\=Bears add three from practice squad\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 13, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 15, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917003710/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-add\\-three\\-from\\-practice\\-squad/f48cda42\\-a6fa\\-4d8b\\-9c12\\-6c1d1e5ed37c\\|archive\\-date\\=September 17, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 14, the Bears signed \\[\\[Tony Fiammetta]].{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Fiammetta\\-Fales\\-back\\-with\\-Bears/514b9c56\\-eaa9\\-400f\\-b738\\-8a749aba5541\\|title\\=Fiammetta, Fales back with Bears\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 14, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 15, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918200749/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Fiammetta\\-Fales\\-back\\-with\\-Bears/514b9c56\\-eaa9\\-400f\\-b738\\-8a749aba5541\\|archive\\-date\\=September 18, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 16, the Bears promoted \\[\\[Isaiah Frey]] and \\[\\[Rashad Ross]] to the active roster.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-add\\-Frey\\-Ross\\-to\\-active\\-roster/a0555684\\-dbdb\\-4ff8\\-aa3e\\-32e88f62c5f3\\|title\\=Bears add Frey, Ross to active roster\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 16, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917113443/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-add\\-Frey\\-Ross\\-to\\-active\\-roster/a0555684\\-dbdb\\-4ff8\\-aa3e\\-32e88f62c5f3\\|archive\\-date\\=September 17, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 18, the Bears signed \\[\\[Demontre Hurst]].{{cite news\\|last\\=Finley\\|first\\=Patrick\\|url\\=http://www.suntimes.com/sports/football/bears/29971789\\-606/santonio\\-holmes\\-makes\\-a\\-point\\-to\\-tune\\-out\\-his\\-former\\-team.html\\#.VBzQI\\_ldXZg\\|title\\=Santonio Holmes makes a point to tune out his former team\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Sun\\-Times]]\\|date\\=September 18, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 19, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 25, the Bears signed \\[\\[Darryl Sharpton]].{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-sign\\-Sharpton\\-cut\\-Fiammetta/01150d5c\\-130b\\-43bc\\-b93b\\-4b11ab00acab\\|title\\=Bears sign Sharpton, cut Fiammetta\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 25, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 25, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926191236/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-sign\\-Sharpton\\-cut\\-Fiammetta/01150d5c\\-130b\\-43bc\\-b93b\\-4b11ab00acab\\|archive\\-date\\=September 26, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 30, the Bears promoted \\[\\[Chris Williams (wide receiver)\\|Chris Williams]] to the active roster.{{cite web\\|last\\=Wright\\|first\\=Michael C.\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\\_/id/4694676/bears\\-promote\\-chris\\-williams\\-waive\\-rashad\\-ross\\|title\\=Bears promote Chris Williams, waive Rashad Ross\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=September 30, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 1, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On October 1, the Bears signed \\[\\[Teddy Williams (American football)\\|Teddy Williams]].{{cite web\\|last\\=Wright\\|first\\=Michael C.\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\\_/id/4694680/bears\\-add\\-speedster\\-teddy\\-williams\\|title\\=Bears add speedster Teddy Williams\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=October 1, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On October 7, the Bears promoted \\[\\[Al Louis\\-Jean]] to the active roster,{{cite web\\|last\\=Wilkening\\|first\\=Mike\\|url\\=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/10/08/bears\\-waive\\-isaiah\\-frey\\-promote\\-al\\-louis\\-jean/\\|title\\=Bears waive Isaiah Frey, promote Al Louis\\-Jean\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Profootballtalk.com]]\\|date\\=October 8, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 11, 2014}} while signing \\[\\[Shamiel Gary]].{{cite news\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Associated Press]]\\|url\\=http://www.bostonherald.com/sports/patriots\\_nfl/nfl\\_coverage/2014/10/bears\\_sign\\_backup\\_safety\\_shamiel\\_gary\\|title\\=Bears sign backup safety Shamiel Gary\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Boston Herald]]\\|date\\=October 9, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 11, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On October 10, the Bears promoted \\[\\[DeDe Lattimore]] to the active roster.{{cite web\\|last\\=Wilkening\\|first\\=Mike\\|url\\=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/10/10/bears\\-promote\\-lb\\-dede\\-lattimore\\-from\\-practice\\-squad/\\|title\\=Bears promote LB DeDe Lattimore from practice squad\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Profootballtalk.com]]\\|date\\=October 10, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 11, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On October 11, the Bears promoted \\[\\[Terrell Manning]] to the active roster.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/11/bears\\-elevate\\-lb\\-terrell\\-manning\\-to\\-53\\-man\\-roster\\-waive\\-s\\-shamiel\\-gary/\\|title\\=Bears Elevate LB Terrell Manning To 53\\-Man Roster, Waive S Shamiel Gary\\|work\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=October 11, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 11, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On October 13, the Bears promoted \\[\\[Terrance Mitchell]] to the active roster.{{cite web\\|last\\=Wilkening\\|first\\=Mark\\|url\\=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/10/13/bears\\-promote\\-cb\\-terrance\\-mitchell\\-to\\-roster/\\|title\\=Bears promote CB Terrance Mitchell to roster\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Profootballtalk.com]]\\|date\\=October 13, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 13, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 8, the Bears promoted \\[\\[Blake Annen]] to the active roster.{{cite web\\|last\\=White\\|first\\=R.J.\\|url\\=http://fantasynews.cbssports.com/fantasyfootball/update/24790607/bears\\-send\\-matt\\-slauson\\-to\\-ir\\-add\\-blake\\-annen\\-to\\-active\\-roster\\|title\\=Bears send Matt Slauson to IR, add Blake Annen to active roster\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[CBSSports.com]]\\|date\\=November 8, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 10, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 10, the Bears promoted \\[\\[Ryan Groy]] to the active roster.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/10/bears\\-elevate\\-guard\\-ryan\\-groy\\-waive\\-cornerback\\-teddy\\-williams/\\|title\\=Bears Elevate Guard Ryan Groy, Waive Cornerback Teddy Williams\\|work\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=November 10, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 10, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 14, the Bears promoted \\[\\[Marquess Wilson]] to the active roster.{{cite web\\|last\\=Patra\\|first\\=Kevin\\|url\\=https://www.nfl.com/news/chicago\\-bears\\-activate\\-receiver\\-marquess\\-wilson\\-0ap3000000428055\\|title\\=Chicago Bears activate receiver Marquess Wilson\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[National Football League]]\\|date\\=November 14, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 18, the Bears signed \\[\\[Marc Mariani]].{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-sign\\-return\\-specialist\\-Mariani/fe0e7834\\-df64\\-47d7\\-abbf\\-d2ee5903b4ff\\|title\\=Bears sign return specialist Mariani\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 18, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120170012/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-sign\\-return\\-specialist\\-Mariani/fe0e7834\\-df64\\-47d7\\-abbf\\-d2ee5903b4ff\\|archive\\-date\\=November 20, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 26, the Bears promoted \\[\\[Brandon Dunn]] to the active roster.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 29, the Bears signed \\[\\[Anthony Walters (American football)\\|Anthony Walters]].{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-sign\\-safety\\-Anthony\\-Walters/e49e634f\\-3021\\-46f4\\-8ed9\\-5a9f0e81ed82\\|title\\=Bears sign safety Anthony Walters\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 29, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 29, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203001506/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-sign\\-safety\\-Anthony\\-Walters/e49e634f\\-3021\\-46f4\\-8ed9\\-5a9f0e81ed82\\|archive\\-date\\=December 3, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On December 3, the Bears signed \\[\\[Jay Feely]].{{cite web\\|last\\=Patra\\|first\\=Kevin\\|url\\=https://www.nfl.com/news/bears\\-sign\\-kicker\\-jay\\-feely\\-0ap3000000438232\\|title\\=Bears sign kicker Jay Feely\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[National Football League]]\\|date\\=December 3, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 4, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On December 11, the Bears signed \\[\\[Montell Owens]].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On December 13, the Bears promoted \\[\\[David Fales]] to the active roster.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/13/bears\\-place\\-lb\\-darryl\\-sharpton\\-on\\-ir\\-qb\\-david\\-fales\\-elevated\\-to\\-roster/\\|title\\=Bears Place LB Darryl Sharpton On IR, QB David Fales Elevated To Roster\\|work\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=December 13, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 13, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On December 23, the Bears signed \\[\\[Austen Lane]].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On December 29, the Bears signed \\[\\[Conor Boffeli]], \\[\\[Jonathan Brown (linebacker)\\|Jonathan Brown]], \\[\\[Rashad Lawrence]], \\[\\[Jacob Maxwell]], and \\[\\[Jason Weaver (American football)\\|Jason Weaver]].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On December 30, the Bears signed \\[\\[Jamil Merrill]].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Departures\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 8, the Bears released \\[\\[Demontre Hurst]].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 9, the Bears released \\[\\[Micheal Spurlock]].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 12, the Bears released \\[\\[David Fales]], \\[\\[Kelvin Hayden]], and \\[\\[Tony Fiammetta]].{{cite news\\|last\\=Campbell\\|first\\=Rich\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\\-bears\\-david\\-fales\\-kelvin\\-hayden\\-20140912\\-story.html\\|title\\=Bears cut Fales, Hayden to create roster space\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=September 12, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 12, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 16, the Bears released \\[\\[Shaun Draughn]], \\[\\[Matthew Mulligan]], and \\[\\[Chris Williams (wide receiver)\\|Chris Williams]].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 25, the Bears released \\[\\[Tony Fiammetta]].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 30, the Bears released \\[\\[Rashad Ross]].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On October 1, the Bears released \\[\\[Terrell Manning]].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On October 7, the Bears released \\[\\[David Bass (American football)\\|David Bass]] and \\[\\[Isaiah Frey]].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On October 13, the Bears released \\[\\[Terrell Manning]].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 10, the Bears released \\[\\[Teddy Williams (American football)\\|Teddy Williams]].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 11, the Bears released \\[\\[Santonio Holmes]].{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-waive\\-veteran\\-Santonio\\-Holmes/d99479f8\\-bfe4\\-4086\\-9cbb\\-bfd6a0eb4a55\\|title\\=Bears waive veteran Santonio Holmes\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 11, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 11, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114035126/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-waive\\-veteran\\-Santonio\\-Holmes/d99479f8\\-bfe4\\-4086\\-9cbb\\-bfd6a0eb4a55\\|archive\\-date\\=November 14, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 18, the Bears released \\[\\[Ahmad Dixon]].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Practice squad additions\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 9, the Bears added \\[\\[Greg Herd]] to the practice squad.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 14, the Bears added \\[\\[David Fales]] to the practice squad.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 17, the Bears added \\[\\[Chris Williams (wide receiver)\\|Chris Williams]], \\[\\[Blake Annen]], and \\[\\[Jordan Sullen]] to the practice squad.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-sign\\-three\\-to\\-practice\\-squad/949fc9a9\\-fecf\\-4989\\-8b82\\-a296b61f1b15\\|title\\=Bears sign three to practice squad\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 17, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919095429/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-sign\\-three\\-to\\-practice\\-squad/949fc9a9\\-fecf\\-4989\\-8b82\\-a296b61f1b15\\|archive\\-date\\=September 19, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On October 2, the Bears added \\[\\[Conor Boffeli]] and \\[\\[Rashad Ross]] to the practice squad.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.fantasysp.com/player/nfl/Rashad\\_Ross/3689337/bears\\-sign\\-conor\\-boffeli\\-and\\-rashad\\-ross\\-to\\-practice\\-squad\\|title\\=Bears sign Conor Boffeli and Rashad Ross to practice squad\\|publisher\\=FantasySP\\|date\\=October 2, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 11, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On October 7, the Bears added \\[\\[DeDe Lattimore]] and \\[\\[Terrell Manning]] to the practice squad.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/team/transactions.html \\|title\\=TRANSACTIONS \\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]] \\|access\\-date\\=December 31, 2014 \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902025013/http://www.chicagobears.com/team/transactions.html \\|archive\\-date\\=September 2, 2012 }}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On October 8, the Bears added \\[\\[David Bass (American football)\\|David Bass]] to the practice squad.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 3, the Bears added \\[\\[Jason Weaver (American football)\\|Jason Weaver]] to the practice squad.{{cite news\\|last\\=Woodbury\\|first\\=Evan\\|url\\=http://www.nola.com/saints/index.ssf/2014/11/jason\\_weaver\\_former\\_edna\\_carr.html\\|title\\=Jason Weaver, former Edna Karr standout, signs with Chicago Bears practice squad\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Times\\-Picayune]]\\|date\\=November 3, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 3, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 11, the Bears added \\[\\[Rashad Lawrence]] to the practice squad.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 12, the Bears added \\[\\[B.J. Cunningham]] and \\[\\[Antoine McClain]] to the practice squad.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 29, the Bears added \\[\\[Jamil Merrill]] to the practice squad.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On December 17, the Bears added \\[\\[Taylor Boggs]] to the practice squad.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Practice squad departures\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 9, the Bears removed \\[\\[Roy Philon]] from the practice squad.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-re\\-sign\\-Britton\\-cut\\-Spurlock/7acec5c1\\-9269\\-4a16\\-b3cd\\-ea4eb89cac0e\\|title\\=Bears re\\-sign Britton, cut Spurlock\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 9, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 9, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On October 2, the Bears removed \\[\\[Jordan Sullen]] from the practice squad.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On October 9, the Bears removed \\[\\[Roy Philon]] and \\[\\[Rashad Ross]] from the practice squad.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 11, the Bears removed \\[\\[Terrell Manning]] from the practice squad.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Reserve lists\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On September 15, the Bears placed \\[\\[Charles Tillman]] on injured reserve.{{cite web\\|last\\=Breech\\|first\\=Josh\\|url\\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\\-on\\-football/24711063/report\\-bears\\-to\\-place\\-cb\\-charles\\-tillman\\-on\\-season\\-ending\\-ir\\|title\\=Bears place CB Charles Tillman on season\\-ending injured reserve\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[CBSSports.com]]\\|date\\=September 15, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 11, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On October 10, the Bears placed \\[\\[Taylor Boggs]] on waived/injured.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 8, the Bears placed \\[\\[Matt Slauson]] on injured reserve.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 26, the Bears placed \\[\\[Brian de la Puente]] on injured reserve.{{cite web\\|last\\=Alper\\|first\\=Josh\\|url\\=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/11/26/bears\\-place\\-brian\\-de\\-la\\-puente\\-on\\-injured\\-reserve/\\|title\\=Bears place Brian de la Puente on injured reserve\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Profootballtalk.com]]\\|date\\=November 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 26, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On November 28, the Bears placed \\[\\[Lance Briggs]] on injured reserve.{{cite web\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Associated Press]]\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/chicago/nfl/story/\\_/id/11950942/chicago\\-bears\\-place\\-lb\\-lance\\-briggs\\-ir\\-groin\\-injury\\|title\\=Bears place LB Lance Briggs on IR\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=November 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 28, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On December 3, the Bears placed \\[\\[Chris Williams (wide receiver)\\|Chris Williams]] on waived/injured.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On December 11, the Bears placed \\[\\[D. J. Williams (linebacker)\\|D. J. Williams]] on injured reserve.{{cite web\\|last\\=Wright\\|first\\=Michael C.\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\\_/id/4696344/bears\\-sign\\-fb\\-montell\\-owens\\|title\\=Bears sign FB Montell Owens\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=December 11, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 13, 2014}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On December 13, the Bears placed \\[\\[Darryl Sharpton]] on injured reserve.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* On December 23, the Bears placed \\[\\[Willie Young (defensive end)\\|Willie Young]] on injured reserve.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n### Buildup",
"Michael C. Wright and Jeff Dickerson of [ESPN](/wiki/ESPN \"ESPN\") made predictions regarding how the season goes for the Bears, believing the team will go 10–6 and 11–5, respectively.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\\_/id/4691794/bears\\-schedule\\-game\\-by\\-game\\-predictions\\|title\\=Bears schedule: Game\\-by\\-game predictions\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=April 24, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 7, 2014}}",
"John McMullen of *[The Miami Herald](/wiki/The_Miami_Herald \"The Miami Herald\")* assigned grades for each position group but the quarterbacks entering the season, the highest being a B\\+ for the wide receivers and offensive line, while the lowest being a C\\+ for the linebackers and special teams. McMullen stated [Jay Cutler](/wiki/Jay_Cutler \"Jay Cutler\")'s extension was \"a prudent move\", and while he \"might not be in the [Manning](/wiki/Peyton_Manning \"Peyton Manning\")–[Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady \"Tom Brady\")–[Rodgers](/wiki/Aaron_Rodgers \"Aaron Rodgers\") class but is on the tier below\". Regarding the running backs, McMullen wrote that while [Matt Forte](/wiki/Matt_Forte \"Matt Forte\") is one of the top running backs, there is not an impressive depth behind him, while the wide receiving corps may be \"the best in the business\", but [Marquess Wilson](/wiki/Marquess_Wilson \"Marquess Wilson\")'s injury led to a lack of depth; behind tight end [Martellus Bennett](/wiki/Martellus_Bennett \"Martellus Bennett\"), Zach Miller's injury led to [Dante Rosario](/wiki/Dante_Rosario \"Dante Rosario\") and [Matthew Mulligan](/wiki/Matthew_Mulligan \"Matthew Mulligan\") serving as backups, the former having \"decent hands but just average speed\", while the latter having \"bounced around\". The offensive line was considered the \"most improved in 2013\", with all five starters returning, while the defensive line has been refurbished with [Jared Allen](/wiki/Jared_Allen \"Jared Allen\") and [Lamarr Houston](/wiki/Lamarr_Houston \"Lamarr Houston\")'s signings. For the linebackers, [Lance Briggs](/wiki/Lance_Briggs \"Lance Briggs\") and [D. J. Williams](/wiki/D._J._Williams_%28linebacker%29 \"D. J. Williams (linebacker)\") would return as starters, while [Shea McClellin](/wiki/Shea_McClellin \"Shea McClellin\"), who had converted to linebacker, being written by McMullen as a move that \"has a chance if defensive coordinator [Mel Tucker](/wiki/Mel_Tucker \"Mel Tucker\") lets McClellin go straight ahead as a disruptor and not expect the former [Boise State](/wiki/Boise_State_Broncos_football \"Boise State Broncos football\") star to play in space\".{{cite news\\|last\\=McMullen\\|first\\=John\\|url\\=http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/08/26/4309815/chicago\\-bears\\-2014\\-season\\-preview.html\\|title\\=Chicago Bears 2014 Season Preview\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Miami Herald]]\\|date\\=August 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 12, 2014}}",
"The Bears did not have [team captains](/wiki/National_Football_League_team_captains \"National Football League team captains\") for 2014, breaking a seven\\-year trend. Head coach Marc Trestman stated he intended to select captains weekly.{{cite web\\|last\\=Wright\\|first\\=Michael C.\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\\_/id/4694108/trestman\\-wont\\-name\\-bears\\-captains\\|title\\=Marc Trestman won't name Bears captains\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=September 5, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 7, 2014}}",
"### Schedule",
"The schedule was announced on April 23\\.{{cite web \\|title\\=Opponents set for 2014 NFL season \\|url\\=https://www.nfl.com/news/opponents\\-set\\-for\\-2014\\-nfl\\-season\\-0ap2000000307352 \\|work\\=\\[\\[NFL.com]] \\|date\\=December 30, 2013 \\|access\\-date\\=December 30, 2013}} ESPN ranked the Bears' schedule as the 15th strongest in the league, with opponents having a combined winning percentage of .496\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/nflnation/post/\\_/id/115715\\|title\\=2014 NFL strength of schedule\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=February 11, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=February 11, 2014}} The Bears will open the season with six away games from weeks 2–10,{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/chalk\\-talk/article\\-1/When\\-does\\-training\\-camp\\-begin/f97e5bb7\\-169c\\-465e\\-8aae\\-e43f92369263\\|title\\=When does training camp begin?\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=April 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=April 28, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429205137/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/chalk\\-talk/article\\-1/When\\-does\\-training\\-camp\\-begin/f97e5bb7\\-169c\\-465e\\-8aae\\-e43f92369263\\|archive\\-date\\=April 29, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} due to three conflicting events in the Chicago area: week 2 is unavailable due to a [NASCAR](/wiki/NASCAR \"NASCAR\") race and [PGA](/wiki/Professional_Golfers_Association_of_America \"Professional Golfers Association of America\") golf tournament, week 6 due to the [Chicago Marathon](/wiki/Chicago_Marathon \"Chicago Marathon\") utilizing Soldier Field as a start/finish line, and week 9 due to a [rugby union](/wiki/Rugby_union \"Rugby union\") game at Soldier Field on Saturday night. To resolve the situation regarding week 9, league schedulers created a bye week for the Bears.{{cite magazine\\|last\\=King\\|first\\=Peter\\|url\\=http://mmqb.si.com/2014/04/24/making\\-of\\-2014\\-nfl\\-schedule/\\|title\\=How the 2014 Schedule Was Made\\|magazine\\=\\[\\[Sports Illustrated]]\\|date\\=April 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=April 28, 2014}} The Bears will also play five [prime time](/wiki/Prime_time \"Prime time\") games, the most allowed by the league scheduling, and a Thanksgiving Day game during the season.{{cite news\\|last\\=Campbell\\|first\\=Rich\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\\-2014\\-nfl\\-schedule\\-released\\-20140423,0,2985776\\.story\\|title\\=Bears' schedule includes Thanksgiving game\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=April 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=April 23, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424003131/http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\\-2014\\-nfl\\-schedule\\-released\\-20140423,0,2985776\\.story\\|archive\\-date\\=April 24, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} In December, the Bears had three consecutive home games, the first since [2008](/wiki/2008_Chicago_Bears_season \"2008 Chicago Bears season\") and the second since [1963](/wiki/1963_Chicago_Bears_season \"1963 Chicago Bears season\"). Although CBS, which airs [AFC](/wiki/American_Football_Conference \"American Football Conference\") games against the Lions on Thanksgiving, held the rights to the game for 2014, the league's new \"crossflexing\" policy, which allows CBS and Fox to switch seven games, permitted the Bears to play Detroit.",
"",
"| Week | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | Game site | TV | GameBook | NFL.comrecap |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [1](/wiki/%23Week_1:Vs._Buffalo_Bills \"Vs. Buffalo Bills\") | September 7 | [Buffalo Bills](/wiki/2014_Buffalo_Bills_season \"2014 Buffalo Bills season\") | **L** 20–23 {{small\\|(OT)}} | 0–1 | [Soldier Field](/wiki/Soldier_Field \"Soldier Field\") | [Fox](/wiki/NFL_on_Fox \"NFL on Fox\") | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56173/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014090702/2014/REG1/bills@bears) |\n| [2](/wiki/%23Week_2:At_San_Francisco_49ers \"At San Francisco 49ers\") | {{tooltip\\|September 14\\|Sunday Night Football}} | at [San Francisco 49ers](/wiki/2014_San_Francisco_49ers_season \"2014 San Francisco 49ers season\") | **W** 28–20 | 1–1 | [Levi's Stadium](/wiki/Levi%27s_Stadium \"Levi's Stadium\") | [NBC](/wiki/NBC_Sunday_Night_Football \"NBC Sunday Night Football\") | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56200/SF_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014091413/2014/REG2/bears@49ers) |\n| [3](/wiki/%23Week_3:At_New_York_Jets \"At New York Jets\") | {{tooltip\\|September 22\\|Monday Night Football}} | at [New York Jets](/wiki/2014_New_York_Jets_season \"2014 New York Jets season\") | **W** 27–19 | 2–1 | [MetLife Stadium](/wiki/MetLife_Stadium \"MetLife Stadium\") | [ESPN](/wiki/ESPN_Monday_Night_Football \"ESPN Monday Night Football\") | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56217/NYJ_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014092200/2014/REG3/bears@jets) |\n| [4](/wiki/%23Week_4:Vs._Green_Bay_Packers \"Vs. Green Bay Packers\") | September 28 | **[Green Bay Packers](/wiki/2014_Green_Bay_Packers_season \"2014 Green Bay Packers season\")** | **L** 17–38 | 2–2 | Soldier Field | Fox | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56220/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014092801/2014/REG4/packers@bears) |\n| [5](/wiki/%23Week_5:At_Carolina_Panthers \"At Carolina Panthers\") | October 5 | at [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/2014_Carolina_Panthers_season \"2014 Carolina Panthers season\") | **L** 24–31 | 2–3 | [Bank of America Stadium](/wiki/Bank_of_America_Stadium \"Bank of America Stadium\") | Fox | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56232/CAR_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014100500/2014/REG5/bears@panthers) |\n| [6](/wiki/%23Week_6:At_Atlanta_Falcons \"At Atlanta Falcons\") | October 12 | at [Atlanta Falcons](/wiki/2014_Atlanta_Falcons_season \"2014 Atlanta Falcons season\") | **W** 27–13 | 3–3 | [Georgia Dome](/wiki/Georgia_Dome \"Georgia Dome\") | Fox | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56247/ATL_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014101200/2014/REG6/bears@falcons) |\n| [7](/wiki/%23Week_7:Vs._Miami_Dolphins \"Vs. Miami Dolphins\") | October 19 | [Miami Dolphins](/wiki/2014_Miami_Dolphins_season \"2014 Miami Dolphins season\") | **L** 14–27 | 3–4 | Soldier Field | [CBS](/wiki/NFL_on_CBS \"NFL on CBS\") | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56264/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014101902/2014/REG7/dolphins@bears) |\n| [8](/wiki/%23Week_8:At_New_England_Patriots \"At New England Patriots\") | October 26 | at [New England Patriots](/wiki/2014_New_England_Patriots_season \"2014 New England Patriots season\") | **L** 23–51 | 3–5 | [Gillette Stadium](/wiki/Gillette_Stadium \"Gillette Stadium\") | Fox | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56282/NE_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014102605/2014/REG8/bears@patriots) |\n| 9 | *[Bye](/wiki/Bye_%28sports%29 \"Bye (sports)\")*",
"| [10](/wiki/%23Week_10:At_Green_Bay_Packers \"At Green Bay Packers\") | {{tooltip\\|November 9\\|Sunday Night Football}} | at **[Green Bay Packers](/wiki/2014_Green_Bay_Packers_season \"2014 Green Bay Packers season\")** | **L** 14–55 | 3–6 | [Lambeau Field](/wiki/Lambeau_Field \"Lambeau Field\") | NBC | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56315/GB_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014110910/2014/REG10/bears@packers) |\n| [11](/wiki/%23Week_11:Vs._Minnesota_Vikings \"Vs. Minnesota Vikings\") | November 16 | **[Minnesota Vikings](/wiki/2014_Minnesota_Vikings_season \"2014 Minnesota Vikings season\")** | **W** 21–13 | 4–6 | Soldier Field | CBS | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56319/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014111601/2014/REG11/vikings@bears) |\n| [12](/wiki/%23Week_12:Vs._Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers \"Vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers\") | November 23 | [Tampa Bay Buccaneers](/wiki/2014_Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers_season \"2014 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season\") | **W** 21–13 | 5–6 | Soldier Field | Fox | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56334/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014112302/2014/REG12/buccaneers@bears) |\n| [13](/wiki/%23Week_13:At_Detroit_Lions \"At Detroit Lions\") | {{tooltip\\|\\[\\[NFL on Thanksgiving Day\\|November 27]]\\|Thursday}} | at **[Detroit Lions](/wiki/2014_Detroit_Lions_season \"2014 Detroit Lions season\")** | **L** 17–34 | 5–7 | [Ford Field](/wiki/Ford_Field \"Ford Field\") | CBS | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56346/DET_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014112700/2014/REG13/bears@lions) |\n| [14](/wiki/%23Week_14:Vs._Dallas_Cowboys \"Vs. Dallas Cowboys\") | {{tooltip\\|December 4\\|Thursday Night Football}} | [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/2014_Dallas_Cowboys_season \"2014 Dallas Cowboys season\") | **L** 28–41 | 5–8 | Soldier Field | [NFLN](/wiki/Thursday_Night_Football \"Thursday Night Football\") | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56362/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014120400/2014/REG14/cowboys@bears) |\n| [15](/wiki/%23Week_15:Vs._New_Orleans_Saints \"Vs. New Orleans Saints\") | {{tooltip\\|December 15\\|Monday Night Football}} | [New Orleans Saints](/wiki/2014_New_Orleans_Saints_season \"2014 New Orleans Saints season\") | **L** 15–31 | 5–9 | Soldier Field | ESPN | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56393/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014121500/2014/REG15/saints@bears) |\n| [16](/wiki/%23Week_16:Vs._Detroit_Lions \"Vs. Detroit Lions\") | December 21 | **[Detroit Lions](/wiki/2014_Detroit_Lions_season \"2014 Detroit Lions season\")** | **L** 14–20 | 5–10 | Soldier Field | Fox | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56398/CHI_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014122101/2014/REG16/lions@bears) |\n| [17](/wiki/%23Week_17:At_Minnesota_Vikings \"At Minnesota Vikings\") | December 28 | at **[Minnesota Vikings](/wiki/2014_Minnesota_Vikings_season \"2014 Minnesota Vikings season\")** | **L** 9–13 | 5–11 | [TCF Bank Stadium](/wiki/TCF_Bank_Stadium \"TCF Bank Stadium\") | Fox | [Gamebook](http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56416/MIN_Gamebook.pdf) | [Recap](http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014122806/2014/REG17/bears@vikings) |\n|{{refbegin}}**Note:** Intra\\-division opponents are in **bold** text.\nLegend\n{{color box\\|\\#03202F\\|\\#\\|white}} Games played with color uniforms.\n{{color box\\|white\\|\\#\\|\\#03202F}} Games played with white uniforms.\n{{color box\\|\\#03202F\\|\\#\\|\\#df6108}} Games played with 1940s throwback uniforms.{{cite web \\|author\\=Lukas, Paul \\|title\\=Eagles find it's not easy being green \\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/\\_/id/11414003/philadelphia\\-eagles\\-find\\-not\\-easy\\-being\\-green\\-uni\\-watch \\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]] \\|date\\=August 27, 2014 \\|access\\-date\\=August 27, 2014}}\n{{color box\\|\\#dfd\\|–\\|black}} Light green background indicates a victory.\n{{color box\\|\\#fdd\\|–\\|black}} Light red background indicates a loss.\n{{refend}}",
"",
"### Game summaries",
"#### Week 1: vs. Buffalo Bills",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week One: Buffalo Bills at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=September 7\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:00 p.m. \\[\\[Central Time Zone\\|CDT]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Bills'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=7\\|R2\\=10\\|R3\\=0\\|R4\\=3\\|R5\\=3\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=7\\|H2\\=0\\|H3\\=10\\|H4\\=3\\|H5\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[Soldier Field]], \\[\\[Chicago]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=62,425\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|74\\|F\\|C}}, sunny\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Brad Allen]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=\\[\\[NFL on Fox\\|Fox]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Kenny Albert]], \\[\\[Daryl Johnston]] and \\[\\[Tony Siragusa]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014090702/2014/REG1/bills@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56173/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]] 12 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 11:35 (CHI 7–0\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 66 yards, 1:55'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*BUF – \\[\\[E. J. Manuel]] 2 yard run, \\[\\[Dan Carpenter]] XP good, 6:52 (TIE 7–7\\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 71 yards, 4:43'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*BUF – Dan Carpenter 50 yard field goal, 8:07 (BUF 10–7\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 14 yards, 3:23'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*BUF – \\[\\[C. J. Spiller]] 7 yard pass from E. J. Manuel, Dan Carpenter XP good, 5:30 (BUF 17–7\\). '''Drive: 1 play, 7 yards, 0:06'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 41 yard field goal, 9:34 (BUF 17–10\\). '''Drive: 11 plays, 57 yards, 5:26'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Brandon Marshall]] 11 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 2:30 (TIE 17–17\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 56 yards, 2:30'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*BUF – Dan Carpenter 33 yard field goal, 4:02 (BUF 20–17\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 37 yards, 3:50'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 37 yard field goal, 0:30 (TIE 20–20\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 61 yards, 3:32'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Overtime\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*BUF – Dan Carpenter 27 yard field goal, 9:46 (BUF 23–20\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 69 yards, 3:34'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* BUF – \\[\\[E. J. Manuel]], 16/22, 173 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 34/49, 349 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* BUF – \\[\\[Fred Jackson (running back)\\|Fred Jackson]], 7 carries, 61 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forté]], 17 carries, 82 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* BUF – \\[\\[Robert Woods (wide receiver, born 1992\\)\\|Robert Woods]], 4 receptions, 78 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 8 receptions, 87 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* BUF – \\[\\[Leodis McKelvin]], 13 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Ryan Mundy]], 6 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t[thumb\\|The Bears played all of their home games at [Soldier Field](/wiki/Soldier_Field \"Soldier Field\")](/wiki/File:Soldier_Field_east_side_and_marina.JPG \"Soldier Field east side and marina.JPG\")\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Bears opened the season at home against the [Buffalo Bills](/wiki/2014_Buffalo_Bills_season \"2014 Buffalo Bills season\"), who had a record of 6–10 in [2013](/wiki/2013_Buffalo_Bills_season \"2013 Buffalo Bills season\"). Entering the game, the Bears were 54–35–5 in season openers, the most wins of any team, and they had not lost an opening game since 2009, the most in the NFC and second\\-most in the NFL behind the [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots \"New England Patriots\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Stoltz\\|first\\=Jeremy\\|url\\=http://chi.scout.com/story/1442698\\-bears\\-bills\\-ultimate\\-game\\-preview\\|title\\=BEARS\\-BILLS ULTIMATE GAME PREVIEW\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Scout.com]]\\|date\\=September 6, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 7, 2014}} The Bears were 7–4 against the Bills, with their last meeting being a 22–19 victory in Toronto in [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season \"2010 Chicago Bears season\"), while winning 40–7 in the last game between the two at [Soldier Field](/wiki/Soldier_Field \"Soldier Field\");{{cite web\\|last1\\=Wright\\|first1\\=Michael C.\\|last2\\=Rodak\\|first2\\=Mike\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\\_/id/4694007/chicago\\-bears\\-vs\\-buffalo\\-bills\\-preview\\|title\\=Bills vs. Bears preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=September 4, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 7, 2014}} the Bears had won all five meetings between the two in Chicago. When comparing the two teams in 2013 statistically, the Bears had the advantage in three offensive categories (points scored, total offense, and passing offense), while the Bills had the second\\-best rushing offense, compared to the Bears' 16th\\-ranked rushing game. On defense, the Bears were outmatched in all three categories (total defense, rushing defense, and passing defense), but are one spot higher than Buffalo in turnover ratio (\\+5 to \\+3\\). [Scout.com](/wiki/Scout.com \"Scout.com\")'s Jeremy Stoltz writes that one of the players the Bears must contain is the defensive tackle duo of [Mario Williams](/wiki/Mario_Williams \"Mario Williams\") and [Marcell Dareus](/wiki/Marcell_Dareus \"Marcell Dareus\"), who had a combined 139 total tackles, 18\\.0 sacks and two forced fumbles during 2013\\. While the Bears' offensive line boasted the fourth\\-least sacks, none of the five starters played in the preseason. As a result, to combat the rush, the Bears need [Jay Cutler](/wiki/Jay_Cutler \"Jay Cutler\") to release the ball quickly. For the Bears' defense, Stoltz stated all the Bears needed to do was stop Buffalo's running backs [Fred Jackson](/wiki/Fred_Jackson_%28running_back%29 \"Fred Jackson (running back)\") and [C. J. Spiller](/wiki/C._J._Spiller \"C. J. Spiller\"), as the Bills had the second\\-best rushing attack in the league. The Bears were favored to win by seven points, the third\\-largest spread of the week.{{cite news\\|last\\=Domin\\|first\\=Hank\\|url\\=http://www.syracuse.com/buffalo\\-bills/index.ssf/2014/09/updated\\_nfl\\_week\\_1\\_point\\_sprea.html\\|title\\=Updated NFL Week 1 point spreads, over/under: Bills still are 7\\-point underdog to Bears\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Post\\-Standard]]\\|date\\=September 6, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 7, 2014}} [Matt Forté](/wiki/Matt_Fort%C3%A9 \"Matt Forté\"), [Charles Tillman](/wiki/Charles_Tillman \"Charles Tillman\"), and [Robbie Gould](/wiki/Robbie_Gould \"Robbie Gould\") were the captains for the game.{{cite news\\|url\\=http://www.daily\\-chronicle.com/2014/09/07/new\\-faces\\-same\\-issues\\-for\\-defense/a9tj2ld/?\\_\\_xsl\\=/print.xsl\\|title\\=New faces, same issues for defense\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Daily Chronicle (Illinois)\\|Daily Chronicle]]\\|date\\=September 8, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 12, 2014}} [David Fales](/wiki/David_Fales \"David Fales\"), [Kelvin Hayden](/wiki/Kelvin_Hayden \"Kelvin Hayden\"), [Tony Fiammetta](/wiki/Tony_Fiammetta \"Tony Fiammetta\"), [Khaseem Greene](/wiki/Khaseem_Greene \"Khaseem Greene\"), [Charles Leno](/wiki/Charles_Leno \"Charles Leno\"), [David Bass](/wiki/David_Bass_%28American_football%29 \"David Bass (American football)\") and [Cornelius Washington](/wiki/Cornelius_Washington \"Cornelius Washington\") were inactive for the game.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Bills/5bb94e72\\-3639\\-488d\\-85a6\\-e723b4ac7c7f\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Bills\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 7, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213040/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Bills/5bb94e72\\-3639\\-488d\\-85a6\\-e723b4ac7c7f\\|archive\\-date\\=September 7, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\nThe Bears won the coin toss, and elected to kick. After Buffalo punted, Chicago scored on Cutler's 12\\-yard touchdown pass to [Martellus Bennett](/wiki/Martellus_Bennett \"Martellus Bennett\"), which the Bills retaliated with [E. J. Manuel](/wiki/E._J._Manuel \"E. J. Manuel\")'s two\\-yard touchdown run. On the Bears' first drive of the second quarter, [Brandon Marshall](/wiki/Brandon_Marshall \"Brandon Marshall\") fumbled, with linebacker [Preston Brown](/wiki/Preston_Brown_%28linebacker%29 \"Preston Brown (linebacker)\") recovering; the Bills would score on [Dan Carpenter](/wiki/Dan_Carpenter \"Dan Carpenter\")'s 50\\-yard field goal.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554232\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Buffalo Bills vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=September 15, 2014}} Afterwards, Cutler was intercepted by former Bear [Corey Graham](/wiki/Corey_Graham \"Corey Graham\") after Bennett did not \"turn to look for the ball in time\", with the Bills again capitalizing on the takeaway, with Manuel's seven\\-yard touchdown pass to Spiller, and the half ended with Buffalo leading 17–7\\.{{cite web\\|last\\=Neveau\\|first\\=James\\|url\\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/grizzly\\-detail/Chicago\\-Bears\\-Buffalo\\-Bills\\-Week\\-1\\-Cutler\\-Bennett\\-\\-274264761\\.html\\|title\\=Bills Beat Bears 23\\-20 Sunday\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WMAQ\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 15, 2014}} On the Bears' first possession of the third quarter, Gould kicked a five\\-yard field goal, and on the Bills' first drive of the half, [Chris Conte](/wiki/Chris_Conte \"Chris Conte\") read a pass intended for [Marquise Goodwin](/wiki/Marquise_Goodwin \"Marquise Goodwin\"), stepping in front of the pass to intercept the ball.{{cite web\\|last\\=Greenberg\\|first\\=Jon\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/jon\\-greenberg/post/\\_/id/514/conte\\-done\\-in\\-by\\-jacksons\\-stiff\\-arm\\|title\\=Conte done in by Jackson's stiff\\-arm\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=September 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 15, 2014}} On Chicago's ensuing drive, the offense rallied to tie the score on Cutler's 11\\-yard touchdown pass to Marshall. In the fourth quarter, the Bears drove from their own six\\-yard line to reach the Buffalo 34, but Cutler's forced pass intended for Bennett was intercepted by [Kyle Williams](/wiki/Kyle_Williams_%28defensive_tackle%29 \"Kyle Williams (defensive tackle)\"); Carpenter would kick a 33\\-yard field goal, which the Bears responded with Gould's 37\\-yarder. The Bills would [kneel](/wiki/Quarterback_kneel \"Quarterback kneel\") to end regulation with a 20–20 score. After the Bears went three\\-and\\-out, the Bills started on their own 22\\-yard line, but drove to the Bears' 39\\. On the next play, Jackson found a hole in the line of scrimmage, getting past [Lance Briggs](/wiki/Lance_Briggs \"Lance Briggs\"). Conte reached Jackson at the 20\\-yard line, but was [stiff\\-armed](/wiki/Stiff-arm_fend \"Stiff-arm fend\"); Conte attempted to tackle again, but was knocked down, with Jackson being pushed out of bounds at the one\\-yard line. Two plays later, Carpenter kicked the game\\-winning 27\\-yard field goal.",
"Four of the Bears' offensive starters suffered injuries during the game: [Roberto Garza](/wiki/Roberto_Garza \"Roberto Garza\") (right ankle) and [Matt Slauson](/wiki/Matt_Slauson \"Matt Slauson\") (left ankle) did not play after the first half, [Alshon Jeffery](/wiki/Alshon_Jeffery \"Alshon Jeffery\") (hamstring) departed in the third quarter, while Marshall (right ankle) was hurt after being tackled.{{cite news\\|last\\=Campbell\\|first\\=Rich\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/ct\\-bears\\-bills\\-super\\-side\\-spt\\-0908\\-20140908\\-story.html\\|title\\=Turnovers, injuries spoil launch of Bears' explosive offense\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=September 8, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 15, 2014}} Conte received scrutiny after the game for failing to tackle Jackson, but defended himself by saying, \"It was a play where it's the end of the game – I've got to get the ball out or something. If I hit him, it's a field goal no matter what, so I've got to try and get the ball out. It's a desperation play where I've got to try and punch the ball or something.\"",
"#### Week 2: at San Francisco 49ers",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Two: Chicago Bears at San Francisco 49ers – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=September 14\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=7:30 p.m. CDT/5:30 p.m. \\[\\[Pacific Time Zone\\|PDT]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Bears'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=7\\|R3\\=0\\|R4\\=21\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=49ers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=10\\|H2\\=7\\|H3\\=3\\|H4\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[Levi's Stadium]], \\[\\[Santa Clara, California]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=70,799\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|78\\|F\\|C}}, sunny\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Carl Cheffers]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=\\[\\[NBC Sunday Night Football\\|NBC]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Al Michaels]], \\[\\[Cris Collinsworth]] and \\[\\[Michele Tafoya]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014091413/2014/REG2/bears@49ers Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56200/SF\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – \\[\\[Michael Crabtree]] 3 yard pass from \\[\\[Colin Kaepernick]], \\[\\[Phil Dawson]] XP good, 12:42 (SF 7–0\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 8 yards, 0:34'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – Phil Dawson 27 yard field goal, 2:48 (SF 10–0\\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 72 yards, 7:44'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – \\[\\[Frank Gore]] 8 yard run, Phil Dawson XP good, 2:22 (SF 17–0\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 30 yards, 1:03'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Brandon Marshall]] 17 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 0:13 (SF 17–7\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 80 yards, 2:09'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – Phil Dawson 24 yard field goal, 5:56 (SF 20–7\\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 84 yards, 9:04'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – Brandon Marshall 5 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 13:35 (SF 20–14\\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 80 yards, 7:21'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]] 3 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 13:14 (CHI 21–20\\). '''Drive: 1 play, 3 yards, 0:03'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – Brandon Marshall 3 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 6:55 (CHI 28–20\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 42 yards, 8:05'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 23/34, 176 yards, 4 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – \\[\\[Colin Kaepernick]], 21/34, 248 yards, 1 TD, 3 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – Jay Cutler, 5 carries, 25 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – Colin Kaepernick, 9 carries, 66 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]], 7 receptions, 37 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – \\[\\[Michael Crabtree]], 7 receptions, 82 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Ryan Mundy]], 6 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – \\[\\[Patrick Willis]], 7 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn the previous meeting between Chicago and [San Francisco](/wiki/2014_San_Francisco_49ers_season \"2014 San Francisco 49ers season\") at [Candlestick Park](/wiki/Candlestick_Park \"Candlestick Park\") in [2012](/wiki/2012_Chicago_Bears_season \"2012 Chicago Bears season\"), the 49ers won 32–7\\. Entering the game, the 49ers led the all\\-time series 32–29–1;{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=sfo\\&tm2\\=chi\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=Boxscore finder: San Francisco 49ers vs Chicago Bears\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 19, 2014}} while the Bears had won five of the last eight meetings between the two since [2001](/wiki/2001_Chicago_Bears_season \"2001 Chicago Bears season\"),{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\\=400554314\\|title\\=Bears\\-49ers Preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2014}} they had lost all eight road games against the 49ers since [1985](/wiki/1985_Chicago_Bears_season \"1985 Chicago Bears season\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-suffer\\-defeat\\-at\\-the\\-hands\\-of\\-49ers/135985f7\\-883c\\-435c\\-ac92\\-7ca3dcc8d43a\\|title\\=Bears suffer defeat at the hands of 49ers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 19, 2012\\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028075415/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-suffer\\-defeat\\-at\\-the\\-hands\\-of\\-49ers/135985f7\\-883c\\-435c\\-ac92\\-7ca3dcc8d43a\\|archive\\-date\\=October 28, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} Comparing the two teams' week one rankings, the Bears had more total and passing yards than the 49ers, 427–319 and 341–192, respectively, while the 49ers had more rushing yards (127–86\\). Defensively, the 49ers allowed more yards (382–360\\) and allowed two more sacks than the Bears in week one.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.49ers.com/news/article\\-1/Infographic\\-49ers\\-vs\\-Bears\\-Preview/047f5112\\-292d\\-4a95\\-9b5d\\-2af0f44c8449\\|title\\=Infographic: 49ers vs. Bears Preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[San Francisco 49ers]]\\|date\\=September 11, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 15, 2014}} Writing for [WBBM\\-TV](/wiki/WBBM-TV \"WBBM-TV\"), Bears radio play\\-by\\-play commentator [Jeff Joniak](/wiki/Jeff_Joniak \"Jeff Joniak\") stated the Bears' offense had a chance to utilize their running backs, as the 49ers had allowed the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys \"Dallas Cowboys\") to record 100 rushing yards in week one, the first time in 18 games, and with linebackers [NaVorro Bowman](/wiki/NaVorro_Bowman \"NaVorro Bowman\") and [Aldon Smith](/wiki/Aldon_Smith \"Aldon Smith\") inactive, the Bears had the chance to attack on the ground. For the Bears' passing game, recording short passes was important, while stating playing against the 49ers' defense \"requires patience\", with [Vic Fangio](/wiki/Vic_Fangio \"Vic Fangio\") utilizing [zone defense](/wiki/Zone_defense \"Zone defense\") blitzes.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/12/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-49ers/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys to Bears\\-49ers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 12, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2014}} Additionally, Jay Cutler had struggled against the 49ers during his career, being 0–2, with one touchdown, six interceptions, and a 59\\.2 passer rating. On defense, the Bears had to contain [Colin Kaepernick](/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick \"Colin Kaepernick\"), who had thrown for two touchdowns the previous week and recorded his fourth\\-best passer rating (125\\.5\\),{{cite web\\|last\\=Durkin\\|first\\=Dan\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/13/durkins\\-preview\\-49ers\\-pose\\-early\\-test\\-of\\-bears\\-depth/\\|title\\=Durkin's Preview: 49ers Pose Early Test Of Bears' Depth\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 13, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2014}} and in his first career start, had guided the 49ers to the victory over the Bears in 2012\\. The Bears also faced a challenge in 49ers' running backs [Frank Gore](/wiki/Frank_Gore \"Frank Gore\") and rookie [Carlos Hyde](/wiki/Carlos_Hyde \"Carlos Hyde\"), the former having become the 29th player to record 10,000 career rushing yards the previous week, and the latter averaged 7\\.1 yards and scored a touchdown. Against San Francisco's receivers, while [Anquan Boldin](/wiki/Anquan_Boldin \"Anquan Boldin\") and [Michael Crabtree](/wiki/Michael_Crabtree \"Michael Crabtree\") were not fast, their physicality allows them to make blocks and \"bully defensive backs\". The 49ers were favorites to win, with every [ESPN](/wiki/ESPN \"ESPN\") analyst but former Bears head coach [Mike Ditka](/wiki/Mike_Ditka \"Mike Ditka\") to predict a 49ers victory.{{cite news\\|last\\=Just\\|first\\=David\\|url\\=http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/sports\\-prose/mike\\-ditka\\-was\\-only\\-espn\\-expert\\-to\\-pick\\-bears\\-over\\-san\\-francisco/\\|title\\=Mike Ditka was only ESPN 'expert' to pick Bears over San Francisco\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Sun\\-Times]]\\|date\\=September 15, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917113318/http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/sports\\-prose/mike\\-ditka\\-was\\-only\\-espn\\-expert\\-to\\-pick\\-bears\\-over\\-san\\-francisco/\\|archive\\-date\\=2014\\-09\\-17\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} [Jermon Bushrod](/wiki/Jermon_Bushrod \"Jermon Bushrod\"), [Lamarr Houston](/wiki/Lamarr_Houston \"Lamarr Houston\"), and [Sherrick McManis](/wiki/Sherrick_McManis \"Sherrick McManis\") served as team captains.{{cite news\\|last\\=Finley\\|first\\=Patrick\\|url\\=http://www.suntimes.com/sports/football/bears/29883031\\-606/bears\\-headache\\-starts\\-early\\-with\\-special\\-teams\\-mistakes.html\\|title\\=Chris Conte exits after big play; Bears win despite special teams stumbles\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Sun\\-Times]]\\|date\\=September 14, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 15, 2014}} For the game, [Josh Morgan](/wiki/Josh_Morgan \"Josh Morgan\"), Khaseem Greene, Roberto Garza, Matt Slauson, Charles Leno, David Bass, and Cornelius Washington were scratched.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-49ers/3e0a4da9\\-9669\\-46af\\-9ca8\\-e250270de4ab\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-49ers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 14, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 23, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028074702/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-49ers/3e0a4da9\\-9669\\-46af\\-9ca8\\-e250270de4ab\\|archive\\-date\\=October 28, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\nThe 49ers won the coin toss, and decided to kick.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554314\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Chicago Bears vs. San Francisco 49ers – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014}} On the Bears' first drive, [Pat O'Donnell](/wiki/Pat_O%27Donnell \"Pat O'Donnell\")'s punt was blocked by [Aaron Lynch](/wiki/Aaron_Lynch_%28American_football%29 \"Aaron Lynch (American football)\"), and the 49ers scored on Kaepernick's three\\-yard touchdown pass to Crabtree, the first score in Levi's Stadium history after the play stood via review.{{cite news\\|last\\=Inman\\|first\\=Cam\\|url\\=http://blogs.mercurynews.com/49ers/2014/09/14/michael\\-crabtree\\-scores\\-levis\\-stadiums\\-first\\-td\\-off\\-blocked\\-punt\\-by\\-aaron\\-lynch/\\|title\\=Michael Crabtree scores Levi's Stadium's first TD off blocked punt by Aaron Lynch\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[San Jose Mercury News]]\\|date\\=September 14, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014}} On the 49ers' next drive, Kaepernick was intercepted by Charles Tillman, but the pick was overturned; [Phil Dawson](/wiki/Phil_Dawson \"Phil Dawson\") would kick a 27\\-yard field goal, the final score of the first quarter. On San Francisco's second drive of the second quarter, Kaepernick's pass for Boldin would be intercepted by a diving Chris Conte,{{cite web\\|last\\=Carbaugh\\|first\\=Dane\\|url\\=http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\\-09\\-14/chris\\-conte\\-interception\\-chicago\\-bears\\-san\\-francisco\\-49ers\\-diving\\-video\\|title\\=Chris Conte's interception against the 49ers was perfect\\|work\\=\\[\\[Sporting News]]\\|date\\=September 14, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=September 18, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918011257/http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\\-09\\-14/chris\\-conte\\-interception\\-chicago\\-bears\\-san\\-francisco\\-49ers\\-diving\\-video\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} though the Bears failed to take advantage, being forced to punt. Gore would then score on a 54\\-yard run, which was nullified by a holding call on Boldin, and two plays later, Kaepernick was stripped by [Jared Allen](/wiki/Jared_Allen \"Jared Allen\"), and the ball was recovered by [Danny McCray](/wiki/Danny_McCray \"Danny McCray\"), but the Bears would again be forced to punt. The 49ers extended the lead by ten points on Gore's eight\\-yard touchdown run, but the Bears managed to score for the first time in the half on Cutler's 17\\-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall, who caught the pass with one hand.{{cite web\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Associated Press]] \\|url\\=http://abc7chicago.com/sports/brandon\\-marshall\\-makes\\-2\\-tds\\-via\\-jay\\-cutler\\-to\\-beat\\-49ers/309104/ \\|archive\\-url\\=https://archive.today/20140918040122/http://abc7chicago.com/sports/brandon\\-marshall\\-makes\\-2\\-tds\\-via\\-jay\\-cutler\\-to\\-beat\\-49ers/309104/ \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archive\\-date\\=September 18, 2014 \\|title\\=BRANDON MARSHALL MAKES 3 TDS VIA JAY CUTLER TO BEAT 49ERS \\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WLS\\-TV]] \\|date\\=September 14, 2014 \\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014 }} In the second half, the 49ers scored on Dawson's 24\\-yard kick, culminating a drive that took 9:04\\. On the Bears' next drive, Cutler threw a five\\-yard touchdown pass to Marshall, narrowing the score to 20–14\\. On the first play of San Francisco's next drive, Kaepernick's pass for Crabtree was pulled away by [Kyle Fuller](/wiki/Kyle_Fuller \"Kyle Fuller\"),{{cite news\\|last\\=Campbell\\|first\\=Rich\\|url\\=http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/ravens/ct\\-kyle\\-fuller\\-two\\-interceptions\\-bears\\-spt\\-0915\\-20140915,0,7556898\\.story\\|title\\=Kyle Fuller helps turn game around for Bears\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Baltimore Sun]]\\|date\\=September 15, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014}} with the Bears scoring on the first play with Cutler's three\\-yard touchdown to Martellus Bennett to give the Bears the 21–20 lead. Kaepernick was intercepted again by Fuller on the next drive after Fuller reached his pass intended for [Derek Carrier](/wiki/Derek_Carrier \"Derek Carrier\"), the Bears converting the pick into a Cutler three\\-yard touchdown to Marshall, increasing the lead by eight. On San Francisco's final drive, the offense reached Chicago's 17\\-yard line, but on 4th down, Kaepernick's pass to Crabtree fell incomplete, and Cutler kneeled twice to end the game.",
"The game featured 26 penalties, 10 by the Bears for 58 yards, and 16 by the 49ers for 118 yards.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/15/bears\\-49ers\\-fast\\-facts/\\|title\\=Bears\\-49ers Fast Facts\\|work\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 15, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014}} Late in the second quarter, Cutler, who had completed only 8 of 18 passes for 38 yards, was hit by [Quinton Dial](/wiki/Quinton_Dial \"Quinton Dial\"), and after the hit, Cutler completed 15 of 16 passes for 138 yards and four touchdowns.{{cite web\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Associated Press]]\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/chicago/nfl/recap?gameId\\=400554314\\|title\\=Jay Cutler rallies Bears past 49ers with 3 TDs in fourth quarter\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\| date\\=15 September 2014 \\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014}} Fuller became the first rookie in Bears history to record two interceptions in a game since [Chris Harris](/wiki/Chris_Harris_%28safety%29 \"Chris Harris (safety)\") against the [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers \"Green Bay Packers\") in [2005](/wiki/2005_Chicago_Bears_season \"2005 Chicago Bears season\").",
"#### Week 3: at New York Jets",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Three: Chicago Bears at New York Jets – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\={{tooltip\\|September 22\\|Monday}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=8:30 p.m. \\[\\[Eastern Time Zone\\|EDT]]/7:30 p.m. CDT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Bears'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=14\\|R2\\=3\\|R3\\=7\\|R4\\=3\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Jets\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=3\\|H2\\=10\\|H3\\=3\\|H4\\=3\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[MetLife Stadium]], \\[\\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=78,160\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|60\\|F\\|C}}, clear\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Jerome Boger]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=\\[\\[Monday Night Football\\|ESPN]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Mike Tirico]], \\[\\[Jon Gruden]] and \\[\\[Lisa Salters]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014092200/2014/REG3/bears@jets Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56217/NYJ\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Ryan Mundy]] 45 yard interception return, \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 14:28 (CHI 7–0\\).\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]] 7 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], Robbie Gould XP good, 9:54 (CHI 14–0\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 40 yards, 0:21'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NYJ – \\[\\[Nick Folk]] 43 yard field goal, 3:42 (CHI 14–3\\). '''Drive: 11 plays, 55 yards, 6:12'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 24 yard field goal, 13:54 (CHI 17–3\\). '''Drive: 15 plays, 79 yards, 4:48'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NYJ – Nick Folk 28 yard field goal, 9:57 (CHI 17–6\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 66 yards, 3:57'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NYJ – \\[\\[Jeremy Kerley]] 19 yard pass from \\[\\[Geno Smith]], Nick Folk XP good, 3:45 (CHI 17–13\\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 77 yards, 3:36'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Martellus Bennett 13 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 11:28 (CHI 24–13\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 80 yards, 3:32'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NYJ – Nick Folk 22 yard field goal, 0:27 (CHI 24–16\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 24 yards, 3:27'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NYJ – Nick Folk 42 yard field goal, 9:52 (CHI 24–19\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 41 yards, 4:10'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 45 yard field goal, 3:10 (CHI 27–19\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 46 yards, 6:42'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 23/38, 225 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NYJ – \\[\\[Geno Smith]], 26/43, 316 yards, 1 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 13 carries, 33 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NYJ – \\[\\[Chris Ivory]], 10 carries, 44 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]], 8 receptions, 105 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NYJ – \\[\\[Jeremy Kerley]], 7 receptions, 81 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jon Bostic]], 6 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NYJ – \\[\\[Demario Davis]], 7 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\nThe Bears traveled to [East Rutherford, New Jersey](/wiki/East_Rutherford%2C_New_Jersey \"East Rutherford, New Jersey\") to play the [New York Jets](/wiki/2014_New_York_Jets_season \"2014 New York Jets season\") on *[Monday Night Football](/wiki/Monday_Night_Football \"Monday Night Football\")*, the Bears having won the last three meeting between the two since 2001, the last being a 38–34 win in [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season \"2010 Chicago Bears season\"), and the Bears led the all\\-time series 7–3\\. When comparing the two teams, Brad Gagnon of [CBSSports.com](/wiki/CBSSports.com \"CBSSports.com\") stated they are \"complete opposites\", with [Marc Trestman](/wiki/Marc_Trestman \"Marc Trestman\") being a pass\\-first coach, while [Rex Ryan](/wiki/Rex_Ryan \"Rex Ryan\") prefers running first; as a result, while the Bears were ranked higher in passer rating (9th to 25th) and QB rating against (4th to 26th), the Jets had the advantage in yards per carry (5th to 23rd) and yards per carry against (3rd to 28th). In the running game, Gagnon writes the Bears' 23rd\\-ranked rushing offense would have trouble against the third\\-ranked Jets run defense, which had allowed only 2\\.8 yards per carry. He adds that as a result, the Bears would be forced to throw – 71 percent of Chicago's offensive plays had been passing, the most in the league, which Gagnon states is not a \"good thing\", as the five teams with the highest passing percentage in the NFL in 2013 had losing records.{{cite web\\|last\\=Gagnon\\|first\\=Brad\\|url\\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\\-on\\-football/24719859/bears\\-jets\\-preview\\-12\\-things\\-to\\-know\\-about\\-week\\-3s\\-mnf\\-game\\|title\\=Bears\\-Jets Preview: 12 things to know about Week 3's Monday night game\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[CBSSports.com]]\\|date\\=September 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 23, 2014}} Additionally, the passing attack would have to defend against the rush, with the Jets blitzing 75 percent of the time; New York had recorded 47 sacks since week one of 2013, tied for the 10th most in the league, while [Pro Football Focus](/wiki/Pro_Football_Focus \"Pro Football Focus\") ranked [Muhammad Wilkerson](/wiki/Muhammad_Wilkerson \"Muhammad Wilkerson\") and [Sheldon Richardson](/wiki/Sheldon_Richardson \"Sheldon Richardson\") as the top 12 pass\\-rushing [3–4 defensive](/wiki/3%E2%80%934_defense \"3–4 defense\") ends in the NFL, with [Quinton Coples](/wiki/Quinton_Coples \"Quinton Coples\") having the most QB pressures of a 3–4 OLB with ten. However, Jay Cutler had completed 67 percent of passes under pressure, the second\\-most in the NFL. the Bears led the league in completions of four yards or more on first down with 21,{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/21/joniaks\\-keys\\-to\\-the\\-game\\-bears\\-jets/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Jets\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 23, 2014}} and despite injuries to Brandon Marshall and Alshon Jeffery, the passing game could have a chance against a secondary that struggled in the previous week against the Packers. Matt Forte would also be a viable passing option, but the Jets had the fifth\\-fewest receiving yards by an RB allowed with 28\\.5 On defense, the Bears would have to stop the Jets' rushing game, which led the league with 358 total rushing yards, while tying for third in the NFL with 33 runs of four yards or more, and averaged 5\\.54 yards on first down. [Chris Ivory](/wiki/Chris_Ivory \"Chris Ivory\") also had the highest rushing average with 6\\.3 yards, while the Jets averaged 5 yards offensively, and the Bears were allowing 5\\.3 yards per carry, while allowing a total of 320 yards and four touchdowns on 60 carries. On special teams, the Bears had promoted [Rashad Ross](/wiki/Rashad_Ross \"Rashad Ross\"), who averaged 32 return yards with the [Washington Redskins](/wiki/Washington_Redskins \"Washington Redskins\") in the preseason, from the practice squad, which appeared to be an improvement over [Senorise Perry](/wiki/Senorise_Perry \"Senorise Perry\"), who had returned only two of eleven kickoffs in the first two games of the season. The betting line for the game was New York by \\-2\\.5\\.{{cite web\\|last\\=Wilkening\\|first\\=Mike\\|url\\=http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\\-09\\-21/bears\\-vs\\-jets\\-line\\-pick\\-spread\\-odds\\-prediction\\-betting\\-vegas\\-week\\-3\\-nfl\\|title\\=Bears vs. Jets betting preview and pick – High total posted for traditionally low\\-scoring matchup\\|work\\=\\[\\[Sporting News]]\\|date\\=September 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 23, 2014}} The Bears' captains were Cutler, Lance Briggs, and [Danny McCray](/wiki/Danny_McCray \"Danny McCray\"),{{cite web\\|last\\=Fishbain\\|first\\=Kevin\\|url\\=http://www.chicagofootball.com/2014/09/23/notebook\\-opportunistic\\-bears\\-take\\-w\\-from\\-jets/a8jvatu/\\|title\\=Notebook: Opportunistic Bears take 'W' from Jets\\|publisher\\=Chicago Football\\|date\\=September 22, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 23, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=September 26, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926141452/http://www.chicagofootball.com/2014/09/23/notebook\\-opportunistic\\-bears\\-take\\-w\\-from\\-jets/a8jvatu/\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} while Sherrick McManis, [Shea McClellin](/wiki/Shea_McClellin \"Shea McClellin\"), Roberto Garza, Matt Slauson, Charles Leno, and [Trevor Scott](/wiki/Trevor_Scott \"Trevor Scott\") were not active.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Jets/3d92fc91\\-9414\\-492c\\-9c5b\\-aa4bdfb3dfd7\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Jets\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 22, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 24, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215075101/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Jets/3d92fc91\\-9414\\-492c\\-9c5b\\-aa4bdfb3dfd7\\|archive\\-date\\=December 15, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"The Bears won the coin toss, and deferred until the second half.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.covers.com/articles/articles.aspx?theArt\\=387710\\|title\\=Bears\\-Jets: What we learned\\|publisher\\=Covers.com\\|access\\-date\\=September 26, 2014}} On the second play of the Jets' first drive, Smith's fake [screen pass](/wiki/Screen_pass \"Screen pass\") was intercepted by [Ryan Mundy](/wiki/Ryan_Mundy \"Ryan Mundy\"), scoring on a 45\\-yard return.{{cite news\\|last\\=Potash\\|first\\=Mark\\|url\\=https://www.suntimes.com/30044333\\-606/kyle\\-fuller\\-ryan\\-mundy\\-pick\\-the\\-jets\\-clean.html\\#.VCY6fvldWSo\\|title\\=Kyle Fuller, Ryan Mundy pick the Jets clean\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Sun\\-Times]]\\|date\\=September 22, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 26, 2014}} After the Jets punted, the Bears also were forced to punt, but [Jalen Saunders](/wiki/Jalen_Saunders \"Jalen Saunders\") muffed the punt, which was recovered by [Ahmad Dixon](/wiki/Ahmad_Dixon \"Ahmad Dixon\"). Four plays later, Jay Cutler threw a seven\\-yard touchdown pass to Martellus Bennett, with New York scoring the final points of the first quarter via [Nick Folk](/wiki/Nick_Folk \"Nick Folk\")'s 43\\-yard field goal. Both teams exchanged field goals on their first drives of the second quarter. On the Jets' next drive, Smith connected with [Jeremy Kerley](/wiki/Jeremy_Kerley \"Jeremy Kerley\") on a 19\\-yard pass to make the score 17–13\\. On the Bears' following possession,{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554288\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Chicago Bears vs. New York Jets – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=September 26, 2014}} Cutler was stripped by [David Harris](/wiki/David_Harris_%28American_football%29 \"David Harris (American football)\"), with [Demario Davis](/wiki/Demario_Davis \"Demario Davis\") scoring on the return. However, the officials had believed Cutler was downed prior to losing the ball, and while a challenge ruled the play as a fumble, the touchdown was not recorded. Despite the takeaway, the Jets would be forced to punt.{{cite news\\|last\\=Slater\\|first\\=Darryl\\|url\\=http://www.nj.com/jets/index.ssf/2014/09/demario\\_davis\\_criticizes\\_officiating\\_after\\_whistle\\_negates\\_his\\_fumble\\_return\\_for\\_touchdown\\_in\\_bears\\-.html\\|title\\=Demario Davis criticizes officiating after whistle negates his fumble return for TD in Bears\\-Jets\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[NJ.com]]\\|date\\=September 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 26, 2014}} The half would end with no additional scoring. On Chicago's first drive of the second half, Cutler threw a 13\\-yard touchdown pass to Bennett. After both teams traded punts, Smith and the Jets reached the Bears' 18\\-yard line, but was his pass intended for [David Nelson](/wiki/David_Nelson_%28wide_receiver%29 \"David Nelson (wide receiver)\") was intercepted by Kyle Fuller in the endzone. The Jets would later kick a 22\\-yard field goal. In the final quarter, Folk kicked a 42\\-yarder, with Robbie Gould kicking one of 45 yards on the next drive, the score becoming 27–19\\. On New York's final drive of the game, the offense reached the Bears' nine\\-yard line, but on 4th and 5, Smith's pass for Kerley was defended by rookie [Brock Vereen](/wiki/Brock_Vereen \"Brock Vereen\"),{{cite news\\|last\\=Biggs\\|first\\=Brad\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/ct\\-biggs\\-film\\-session\\-bears\\-spt\\-0924\\-20140924\\-story.html\\|title\\=Four Bears rookies make big plays for defense\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=September 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 26, 2014}} and despite catching the ball, Kerley was out of bounds.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Quick\\-start\\-strong\\-finish\\-lift\\-Bears/e952171e\\-9ca6\\-4ee3\\-ae27\\-5ebf7bc5ea08\\|title\\=Quick start, strong finish lift Bears\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 22, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 26, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925072939/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Quick\\-start\\-strong\\-finish\\-lift\\-Bears/e952171e\\-9ca6\\-4ee3\\-ae27\\-5ebf7bc5ea08\\|archive\\-date\\=September 25, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} The Bears kneeled three times to end the game.",
"The game marked the first time since week 16 of [2012](/wiki/2012_Chicago_Bears_season \"2012 Chicago Bears season\") against the [Arizona Cardinals](/wiki/Arizona_Cardinals \"Arizona Cardinals\") that the Bears allowed fewer than 20 points in a game.{{cite news\\|last\\=Biggs\\|first\\=Brad\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\\-brad\\-biggs\\-10\\-thoughts\\-bears\\-jets\\-20140923\\-story.html\\#page\\=1\\|title\\=10 thoughts after Bears' win over Jets\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=September 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014}} Fuller, who was making his first career start, became the first NFL player in the last 20 years to record three interceptions and two forced fumbles in the first three games.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/What\\-we\\-learned\\-in\\-win\\-over\\-Jets/78266033\\-02e0\\-4f30\\-8f95\\-ee417c9ebb6f\\|title\\=What we learned in win over Jets\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 26, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926060540/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/What\\-we\\-learned\\-in\\-win\\-over\\-Jets/78266033\\-02e0\\-4f30\\-8f95\\-ee417c9ebb6f\\|archive\\-date\\=September 26, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"#### Week 4: vs. Green Bay Packers",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\=background\\-color:\\#03182f; color:\\#df6108; border:2px solid \\#df6108; text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Four: Green Bay Packers at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=September 28\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:00 p.m. CDT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Packers'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=7\\|R2\\=14\\|R3\\=10\\|R4\\=7\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=7\\|H2\\=10\\|H3\\=0\\|H4\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=61,736\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|70\\|F\\|C}}, partly cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Terry McAulay]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=Fox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Kevin Burkhardt]], \\[\\[John Lynch (American football)\\|John Lynch]] and \\[\\[Pam Oliver]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014092801/2014/REG4/packers@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56220/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Brandon Marshall]] 6 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 6:30 (CHI 7–0\\). '''Drive: 15 plays, 80 yards, 8:30'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Eddie Lacy]] 2 yard run, \\[\\[Mason Crosby]] XP good, 4:08 (TIE 7–7\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 81 yards, 2:22'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 23 yard field goal, 13:58 (CHI 10–7\\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 75 yards, 5:10'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Jordy Nelson]] 3 yard pass from \\[\\[Aaron Rodgers]], Mason Crosby XP good, 10:11 (GB 14–10\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 78 yards, 3:47'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 8 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 3:50 (CHI 17–14\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 80 yards, 6:21'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Randall Cobb (American football)\\|Randall Cobb]] 22 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 1:03 (GB 21–17\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 61 plays, 2:47'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – Mason Crosby 53 yard field goal, 10:57 (GB 24–17\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 35 yards, 4:03'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – Jordy Nelson 11 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 4:28 (GB 31–17\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 35 yards, 3:01'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – Randall Cobb 3 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 14:52 (GB 38–17\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 11 yards, 1:41'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[Aaron Rodgers]], 22/28, 302 yards, 4 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 22/34, 256 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[Eddie Lacy]], 17 carries, 48 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 23 carries, 122 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[Jordy Nelson]], 10 receptions, 108 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]], 9 receptions, 134 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[Morgan Burnett]], 12 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Ryan Mundy]], 8 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFor week four, the Bears donned their 1940s throwbacks{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Kickoff\\-Countdown\\-Bears\\-Packers/e02eebe0\\-c035\\-40ec\\-98c5\\-34b476b18212\\|title\\=Kickoff Countdown: Bears\\-Packers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104644/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Kickoff\\-Countdown\\-Bears\\-Packers/e02eebe0\\-c035\\-40ec\\-98c5\\-34b476b18212\\|archive\\-date\\=October 6, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} when they hosted the 1–2 [Packers](/wiki/2014_Green_Bay_Packers_season \"2014 Green Bay Packers season\"), the Bears having led the [all\\-time series](/wiki/Bears-Packers_rivalry \"Bears-Packers rivalry\") 93–89–2, but the Packers had won 9 of the previous 11 games.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.packers.com/news\\-and\\-events/article\\-infographic/article\\-1/Infographic\\-Packers\\-vs\\-Bears\\-game\\-preview/109ba113\\-961b\\-483f\\-bbb5\\-0f4bce6a7401\\|title\\=Infographic: Packers vs. Bears game preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[Green Bay Packers]]\\|date\\=September 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928034403/http://www.packers.com/news\\-and\\-events/article\\-infographic/article\\-1/Infographic\\-Packers\\-vs\\-Bears\\-game\\-preview/109ba113\\-961b\\-483f\\-bbb5\\-0f4bce6a7401\\|archive\\-date\\=September 28, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} On offense, the Bears' worst\\-ranked rushing game (64 yards per game){{cite web\\|last\\=Taft\\|first\\=Jay\\|url\\=http://www.journalstandard.com/article/20140926/SPORTS/140929425/10483/SPORTS\\|title\\=Why can't the Bears run?\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Journal Standard]]\\|date\\=September 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=September 29, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929233407/http://www.journalstandard.com/article/20140926/SPORTS/140929425/10483/SPORTS\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} had a chance to produce against the Packers, who were ranked 30th by allowing 156 yards per game, while opponents had run a league\\-most 37\\.3 times per game while scoring an also league\\-high five rushing touchdowns.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/26/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-packers/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Packers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014}} Also, Matt Forte had recorded 336 yards and four touchdowns against the Packers in his last two games. The offense also was challenged by the pass defense, with defenders [Sam Shields](/wiki/Sam_Shields \"Sam Shields\") and [Tramon Williams](/wiki/Tramon_Williams \"Tramon Williams\"), who were stingy in [man coverage](/wiki/Man-to-man_defense \"Man-to-man defense\"). For the Bears' defense, the Packers had also struggled on the run, ranking 26th in the league with a 78\\-yard rushing average{{cite web\\|last\\=Durkin\\|first\\=Dan\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/27/durkins\\-preview\\-despite\\-their\\-record\\-packers\\-still\\-dangerous/\\|title\\=Durkin's Preview: Despite Their Record, Packers Still Dangerous\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 27, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014}} and the longest run being of 17 yards, while having averaged only 3\\.63 yards per carry. Additionally, Green Bay was ranked 28th in the league in yards. However, the team faced the Packers' passing attack, which featured the receiving duo of [Jordy Nelson](/wiki/Jordy_Nelson \"Jordy Nelson\") and [Randall Cobb](/wiki/Randall_Cobb_%28American_football%29 \"Randall Cobb (American football)\"). The former led the league in targets (37\\) and first downs (16\\), while ranking second in receiving yards (351\\), while the Bears had struggled with covering [slant](/wiki/Slant_%28route%29 \"Slant (route)\") and dig routes, both of which Nelson excelled at. The latter had three touchdowns in 2014, but was used primarily for [hitch](/wiki/Hitch_%28route%29 \"Hitch (route)\") and stick routes.{{cite web\\|last\\=Durkin\\|first\\=Dan\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/25/durkin\\-know\\-your\\-opponent\\-green\\-bay\\-packers\\-4/\\|title\\=Durkin: Know Your Opponent – Green Bay Packers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 25, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014}} The Packers were two\\-point favorites.{{cite news\\|url\\=http://www.jsonline.com/sports/packers/preview\\-packers\\-at\\-bears\\-b99359596z1\\-277350741\\.html\\|title\\=Preview: Packers at Bears\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]\\|date\\=September 27, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014}} Sherrick McManis, Shea McClellin, Roberto Garza, Matt Slauson, Jared Allen, Charles Leno, and [Jeremiah Ratliff](/wiki/Jeremiah_Ratliff \"Jeremiah Ratliff\") were inactive.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Packers/30de4518\\-ae12\\-475c\\-b680\\-e2f9490fe469\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Packers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006081948/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Packers/30de4518\\-ae12\\-475c\\-b680\\-e2f9490fe469\\|archive\\-date\\=October 6, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} [Kyle Long](/wiki/Kyle_Long \"Kyle Long\"), Alshon Jeffery, and Ryan Mundy served as team captains for the game, while the honorary captains were [Dick Butkus](/wiki/Dick_Butkus \"Dick Butkus\") and [Kurt Becker](/wiki/Kurt_Becker \"Kurt Becker\").\nThe Packers won the coin toss, and decided to kick. On the first drive, the Bears scored on Jay Cutler's six\\-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall, which the Packers responded with [Eddie Lacy](/wiki/Eddie_Lacy \"Eddie Lacy\")'s two\\-yard touchdown run. During Chicago's next drive,{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554207\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Green Bay Packers vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 3, 2014}} on 4th and 1, Cutler fumbled the snap, and upon picking up the ball, recorded a 16\\-yard run on an accidental [fumblerooski](/wiki/Fumblerooski \"Fumblerooski\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Katzowitz\\|first\\=Josh\\|url\\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\\-on\\-football/24728517/jay\\-cutler\\-fumbles\\-snap\\-on\\-fourth\\-down\\-turns\\-it\\-into\\-long\\-gain\\|title\\=Bears' Jay Cutler reinvents the fumblerooski vs. Packers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[CBSSports.com]]\\|date\\=September 24, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 3, 2014}} The drive continued into the second quarter, ended with Robbie Gould kicking a 23\\-yard field goal. The two teams exchanged touchdowns on the final three plays: [Aaron Rodgers](/wiki/Aaron_Rodgers \"Aaron Rodgers\")' three\\-yard pass to Nelson, Cutler's eight\\-yard pass to Jeffery, and Rodgers' 22\\-yard pass to Cobb. The Bears reached the Packers' nine\\-yard line by the final play of the first half; on the play, Cutler's pass for Bennett was ruled short of a touchdown. During the television review, [Micah Hyde](/wiki/Micah_Hyde_%28American_football%29 \"Micah Hyde (American football)\") covered the camera angle,{{cite news\\|last\\=Dunne\\|first\\=Tyler\\|url\\=http://www.jsonline.com/blogs/sports/277373581\\.html\\|title\\=Rodgers, Packers shine with big victory over Bears\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]\\|date\\=September 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 3, 2014}} preventing the touchdown and ending the half with the Packers leading 21–17\\. In the third quarter, the Packers drove to the Bears' 34\\-yard line, where Rodgers completed a touchdown pass to [Davante Adams](/wiki/Davante_Adams \"Davante Adams\"), which would be nullified by a holding penalty on center [Corey Linsley](/wiki/Corey_Linsley \"Corey Linsley\"); Crosby would eventually kick a 53\\-yard field goal. Afterwards, Cutler's pass for [Josh Morgan](/wiki/Josh_Morgan \"Josh Morgan\") would be tipped by Williams and intercepted by [Clay Matthews](/wiki/Clay_Matthews_III \"Clay Matthews III\"), with Green Bay capitalizing on the takeaway with Rodgers' 11\\-yard touchdown pass to Nelson.{{cite web\\|last\\=Wright\\|first\\=Michael C.\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\\_/id/4694598/first\\-jay\\-cutler\\-int\\-set\\-rout\\-in\\-motion\\|title\\=Jay Cutler's first interception set rout in motion\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=September 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 5, 2014}} On the next drive, Shields intercepted Cutler, and Crosby kicked a 23\\-yard field goal; however, a holding penalty on [Jon Bostic](/wiki/Jon_Bostic \"Jon Bostic\") led to Rodgers' three\\-yard touchdown pass to Cobb. On Chicago's next drive, Williams intercepted Cutler, but the play would be nullified; the Bears would subsequently punt. On the Packers' next drive, they would reach the Bears' 20\\-yard line before Crosby's field goal was blocked by [Willie Young](/wiki/Willie_Young_%28defensive_end%29 \"Willie Young (defensive end)\"), the first block by the Bears in over a year.{{cite news\\|last\\=Biggs\\|first\\=Brad\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\\-brad\\-biggs\\-10\\-thoughts\\-bears\\-packers\\-20140928\\-story.html\\|title\\=10 thoughts after Bears' loss to Packers\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=September 29, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 11, 2014}} [Jimmy Clausen](/wiki/Jimmy_Clausen \"Jimmy Clausen\") replaced Cutler on the final drive, and the Bears ran out the clock to end the game.",
"The Bears recorded 496 yards, the first time since [1979](/wiki/1979_Chicago_Bears_season \"1979 Chicago Bears season\") against the [Minnesota Vikings](/wiki/1979_Minnesota_Vikings_season \"1979 Minnesota Vikings season\") that the Bears recorded such yardage and lost. The last time the team recorded more than 496 yards and lost occurred in [1947](/wiki/1947_Chicago_Bears_season \"1947 Chicago Bears season\") against the [Los Angeles Rams](/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams \"Los Angeles Rams\") and [Chicago Cardinals](/wiki/Chicago_Cardinals \"Chicago Cardinals\").{{cite news\\|last\\=Potash\\|first\\=Mark\\|url\\=http://www.suntimes.com/sports/30178370\\-606/jay\\-cutler\\-can\\-share\\-blame\\-for\\-loss\\-to\\-packers.html\\#.VDISu\\_ldWSo\\|title\\=FIRST\\-AND\\-10: 10 thoughts on the Bears\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Sun\\-Times]]\\|date\\=September 29, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 5, 2014}} Additionally, the rushing attack recorded 102 yards in the first quarter, the first time Chicago recorded at least 100 rushing yards in the first quarter since [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season \"2010 Chicago Bears season\") against the [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/Carolina_Panthers \"Carolina Panthers\"). The game was only the second in NFL history to have no total punts.",
"#### Week 5: at Carolina Panthers",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Five: Chicago Bears at Carolina Panthers – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=October 5\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=1:00 p.m. EDT/12:00 p.m. CDT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=14\\|R2\\=7\\|R3\\=3\\|R4\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\='''Panthers'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=7\\|H2\\=7\\|H3\\=7\\|H4\\=10\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[Bank of America Stadium]], \\[\\[Charlotte, North Carolina]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=73,659\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|60\\|F\\|C}}, sunny\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Tony Corrente]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=Fox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Thom Brennaman]], \\[\\[David Diehl]] and \\[\\[Laura Okmin]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014100500/2014/REG5/bears@panthers Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56232/CAR\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CAR – \\[\\[Philly Brown]] 79 yard punt return, \\[\\[Graham Gano]] XP good, 10:56 (CAR 7–0\\).\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]] 10 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 4:31 (TIE 7–7\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 28 yards, 0:47'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Jay Cutler 10 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 2:13 (CHI 14–7\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 13 yards, 1:21'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 25 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 10:51 (CHI 21–7\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 68 yards, 5:20'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CAR – \\[\\[Greg Olsen (American football)\\|Greg Olsen]] 12 yard pass from \\[\\[Cam Newton]], Graham Gano XP good, 0:12 (CHI 21–14\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 74 yards, 1:39'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CAR – \\[\\[Chris Ogbonnaya]] 1 yard run, Graham Gano XP good, 7:16 (TIE 21–21\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 86 yards, 4:00'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 45 yard field goal, 2:38 (CHI 24–21\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 53 yards, 4:38'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CAR – Graham Gano 44 yard field goal, 4:29 (TIE 24–24\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 6 yards, 1:27'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CAR – Greg Olsen 6 yard pass from Cam Newton, Graham Gano XP good, 2:18 (CAR 31–24\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 23 yards, 2:00'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 28/36, 289 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CAR – \\[\\[Cam Newton]], 19/35, 255 yards, 2 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 17 carries, 61 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CAR – \\[\\[Darrin Reaves]], 11 carries, 65 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 12 receptions, 105 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CAR – \\[\\[Greg Olsen (American football)\\|Greg Olsen]], 6 receptions, 72 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jared Allen]], 2 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CAR – \\[\\[Luke Kuechly]], 11 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn week five, the Bears, looking to go 3–0 on the road for the first time since [2006](/wiki/2006_Chicago_Bears_season \"2006 Chicago Bears season\"), visited the 2–2 [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/2014_Carolina_Panthers_season \"2014 Carolina Panthers season\"), the Bears having led the all\\-time series 5–3, and also having won the most recent meeting in 2012 23–22\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=chi\\&tm2\\=car\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs Carolina Panthers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014}} The Bears had been plagued by inconsistency during the season, for example in the passing attack, with Jay Cutler, playing in his first away game with Chicago against Carolina, completing 67\\.5 percent in the two home games with four touchdowns and four interceptions while posting an 84\\.7 rating. On the road, he had completed 63\\.9 percent of passes with six touchdowns and no interceptions, along with a 106\\.3 rating. In two games against the Panthers, Cutler had thrown a touchdown and two picks with a 69\\.5 passer rating. The Bears had to protect Cutler from a Panthers defense that recorded 60 sacks in 2013, and despite missing [Greg Hardy](/wiki/Greg_Hardy \"Greg Hardy\"), featured defending [Defensive Player of the Year](/wiki/AP_NFL_Defensive_Player_of_the_Year_Award \"AP NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award\") [Luke Kuechly](/wiki/Luke_Kuechly \"Luke Kuechly\") and [Star Lotulelei](/wiki/Star_Lotulelei \"Star Lotulelei\"). However, Panthers' cornerback [Antoine Cason](/wiki/Antoine_Cason \"Antoine Cason\") was struggling during the year, having allowed three touchdowns. Additionally, the Panthers' had allowed 75 points the last two games, compared to 21 in the first two weeks, and while allowing an average 201\\.7 passing yards in the first three games, the team permitted the [Baltimore Ravens](/wiki/Baltimore_Ravens \"Baltimore Ravens\")' [Joe Flacco](/wiki/Joe_Flacco \"Joe Flacco\") to throw for 327 passing yards in their last game. On the ground, the Bears had an advantage against the Panthers' 27th\\-ranked rushing defense, which allowed 140\\.8 rushing yards per game,{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\\=400554200\\|title\\=Bears\\-Panthers Preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 12, 2014}} 264 rushing yards two games prior against the [Pittsburgh Steelers](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers \"Pittsburgh Steelers\"),{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/03/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-panthers/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Panthers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=October 3, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 12, 2014}} and a total 391 rushing yards in the last two games.{{cite web\\|last\\=Newton\\|first\\=David\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/carolina\\-panthers/post/\\_/id/9237/prediction\\-panthers\\-will\\-beat\\-bears\\|title\\=Prediction: Panthers will beat Bears\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=October 3, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 12, 2014}} The Bears also had a chance to capitalize on the Panthers' worst\\-ranked red zone offenses and defenses, with Chicago boasting a second\\- and sixth\\-ranked red zone offense and defense, respectively.{{cite web\\|last1\\=Newton\\|first1\\=David\\|last2\\=Wright\\|first2\\=Michael C.\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/carolina\\-panthers/post/\\_/id/9173/bears\\-vs\\-panthers\\-preview\\|title\\=Bears vs. Panthers preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=October 2, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 12, 2014}} The Panthers were the \\-2\\.5 favorite for the game's betting line.{{cite web\\|last\\=Wilkening\\|first\\=Mike\\|url\\=http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\\-10\\-02/bears\\-vs\\-panthers\\-line\\-pick\\-spread\\-betting\\-odds\\-prediction\\-vegas\\-week\\-5\\-nfl\\|title\\=Bears vs. Panthers betting preview and pick – Chicago doing best work on road\\|work\\=\\[\\[Sporting News]]\\|date\\=October 2, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 12, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=October 17, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017152007/http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\\-10\\-02/bears\\-vs\\-panthers\\-line\\-pick\\-spread\\-betting\\-odds\\-prediction\\-vegas\\-week\\-5\\-nfl\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} The Bears' inactives were Sherrick McManis, Ahmad Dixon, Shea McClellin, Roberto Garza, Charles Leno, and Jeremiah Ratliff,{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Panthers/a8264877\\-2266\\-4ba5\\-8620\\-7e955d1b0622\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Panthers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 3, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 12, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007083119/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Panthers/a8264877\\-2266\\-4ba5\\-8620\\-7e955d1b0622\\|archive\\-date\\=October 7, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} while Matt Slauson, [D.J. Williams](/wiki/D._J._Williams_%28linebacker%29 \"D. J. Williams (linebacker)\"), and Robbie Gould were the captains.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Kickoff\\-Countdown\\-Bears\\-Panthers/411492bf\\-01b4\\-4293\\-bb3c\\-2c5c5e4d8c78\\|title\\=Kickoff Countdown: Bears\\-Panthers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 3, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 12, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008030901/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Kickoff\\-Countdown\\-Bears\\-Panthers/411492bf\\-01b4\\-4293\\-bb3c\\-2c5c5e4d8c78\\|archive\\-date\\=October 8, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\nAfter the Bears won the toss and kicked off, the Panthers punted on their drive, and on the punt return, [Santonio Holmes](/wiki/Santonio_Holmes \"Santonio Holmes\") fumbled the ball out of bounds. The Bears would also be forced to punt,{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554200\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Chicago Bears vs. Carolina Panthers – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 15, 2014}} and on the return, [Philly Brown](/wiki/Philly_Brown \"Philly Brown\") was tackled by [Teddy Williams](/wiki/Teddy_Williams_%28American_football%29 \"Teddy Williams (American football)\") before receiving the ball, and while both teams were attempting to recover the ball, Brown picked up the ball and scored{{cite web\\|last\\=Sikes\\|first\\=Caroline\\|url\\=http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\\-10\\-05/philly\\-brown\\-touchdown\\-carolina\\-panthers\\-chicago\\-bears\\-special\\-teams\\-punt\\-return\\|title\\=Panthers' Philly Brown scores on wild punt return\\|work\\=\\[\\[Sporting News]]\\|date\\=October 5, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 16, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=October 7, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007090920/http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\\-10\\-05/philly\\-brown\\-touchdown\\-carolina\\-panthers\\-chicago\\-bears\\-special\\-teams\\-punt\\-return\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} on the 79\\-yard return. On the Bears' next drive, despite reaching the Panthers' seven\\-yard line, Cutler's pass for Brandon Marshall went into double coverage and was intercepted by [Roman Harper](/wiki/Roman_Harper \"Roman Harper\"),{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/A\\-day\\-later\\-Trestman\\-analyzes\\-loss/7b6bac69\\-5511\\-4bf8\\-b110\\-2a036b74589f\\|title\\=A day later, Trestman analyzes loss\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 6, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 17, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010233132/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/A\\-day\\-later\\-Trestman\\-analyzes\\-loss/7b6bac69\\-5511\\-4bf8\\-b110\\-2a036b74589f\\|archive\\-date\\=October 10, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} who returned the pick 44 yards to the Bears' 49\\-yard line, but was ruled down by challenge, and as a result, the Panthers started the drive from their own eight\\-yard line. Three plays later, [Isaiah Frey](/wiki/Isaiah_Frey \"Isaiah Frey\") forced [Kelvin Benjamin](/wiki/Kelvin_Benjamin \"Kelvin Benjamin\") to fumble, recovering the loose ball at Carolina's 28\\-yard line. The Bears would score on Cutler's ten\\-yard touchdown pass to Matt Forte; Chicago would then capitalize on another turnover during the Panthers' next drive: after Willie Young strip\\-sacked [Cam Newton](/wiki/Cam_Newton \"Cam Newton\"), Lamarr Houston recovered at Carolina's 18\\-yard line, and on the Bears' ensuing drive, Cutler scored on a ten\\-yard run, the first rushing touchdown for Cutler since [2011](/wiki/2011_Chicago_Bears_season \"2011 Chicago Bears season\") and the first for the team in 2014\\. The Bears' next drive lasted into the second quarter, and ended with the Bears extending the score to 21–7 after Cutler threw a 25\\-yard touchdown pass to Alshon Jeffery. The Panthers then drove to Chicago's 25\\-yard line, but the drive ended after Newton's pass was intercepted by a diving Lance Briggs.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\\-Briggs\\-intercepts\\-Newton/34a96551\\-f867\\-4de8\\-b273\\-2260fdb88521\\|title\\=NFLN: Briggs intercepts Newton\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 5, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 16, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008030450/http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\\-Briggs\\-intercepts\\-Newton/34a96551\\-f867\\-4de8\\-b273\\-2260fdb88521\\|archive\\-date\\=October 8, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} However, the Bears failed to take advantage of the pick, with Gould missing a 35\\-yard field goal. On the final drive for Carolina, Newton threw a nine\\-yard touchdown pass to [Greg Olsen](/wiki/Greg_Olsen_%28American_football%29 \"Greg Olsen (American football)\") to make the score at halftime 21–14\\. After the Bears punted on their first drive of the second half, the Panthers reached the Bears' seven\\-yard line, and a penalty on Kyle Fuller moved the ball to the one\\-yard line, where [Chris Ogbonnaya](/wiki/Chris_Ogbonnaya \"Chris Ogbonnaya\") scored on a one\\-yard run to tie the game. Gould would give the Bears the lead again via a 45\\-yard field goal. The two teams exchanged punts five times in the fourth quarter, and on Chicago's third possession of the quarter, Cutler's pass for Holmes was overthrown and intercepted by [Thomas DeCoud](/wiki/Thomas_DeCoud \"Thomas DeCoud\"), which set up a [Graham Gano](/wiki/Graham_Gano \"Graham Gano\") 44\\-yard field goal. On the Bears' next play, Forte was stripped by Cason, and [Kawann Short](/wiki/Kawann_Short \"Kawann Short\") recovered. Six plays later, Cam Newton threw a 6\\-yard touchdown pass to Olsen to take the 31–24 lead. On the Bears' final drive, the offense faced 4th\\-and\\-21 from their own 34\\-yard line{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-squander\\-14\\-point\\-lead\\-in\\-loss/e37c56aa\\-e9ca\\-45cb\\-b4bd\\-a88c34c8251a\\|title\\=Bears squander 14\\-point lead in loss\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 5, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 17, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008080551/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-squander\\-14\\-point\\-lead\\-in\\-loss/e37c56aa\\-e9ca\\-45cb\\-b4bd\\-a88c34c8251a\\|archive\\-date\\=October 8, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} when Cutler fumbled while being sacked by Short, and [Charles Johnson](/wiki/Charles_Johnson_%28defensive_end%29 \"Charles Johnson (defensive end)\") recovered. Carolina kneeled twice to end the game.",
"The Bears had three turnovers in the fourth quarter, the second team to do so in 2014, after the [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants \"New York Giants\"), while committing two turnovers in consecutive possessions during the fourth quarter. In comparison, the team had only one in the first four games. In the passing game, poor production on short passes led to Cutler's struggles on longer throws, completing only one of five passes of 15 yards or more during the game, including two interceptions; entering the game, he was ranked 31st of 33 quarterbacks in completion percentage for such throws with 24 percent. However, the Bears had managed to score multiple passing touchdowns against the Panthers, the fourth time this had happened to the Panthers in 2014; the Panthers had only two games allowed in [2013](/wiki/2013_Carolina_Panthers_season \"2013 Carolina Panthers season\").{{cite web\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Associated Press]]\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/recap?gameId\\=400554200\\|title\\=Cam Newton's TDs to Greg Olsen help Panthers erase 14\\-point deficit\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 17, 2014}}",
"#### Week 6: at Atlanta Falcons",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Six: Chicago Bears at Atlanta Falcons – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=October 12\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=4:25 p.m. EDT/3:25 p.m. CDT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Bears'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=13\\|R3\\=6\\|R4\\=8\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Falcons\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=3\\|H2\\=0\\|H3\\=10\\|H4\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[Georgia Dome]], \\[\\[Atlanta]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=70,712\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\=Played indoors (dome stadium)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Walt Anderson (American football)\\|Walt Anderson]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=Fox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Justin Kutcher]], David Diehl and Laura Okmin\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014101200/2014/REG6/bears@falcons Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56247/ATL\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*ATL – \\[\\[Matt Bryant]] 52 yard field goal, 9:41 (ATL 3–0\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 32 yards, 3:21'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] 25 yard field, 14:47 (TIE 3–3\\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 54 yards, 3:38'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Josh Morgan]] 3 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], Robbie Gould XP good, 5:59 (CHI 10–3\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 79 yards, 4:37\\)'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 28 yard field goal, 0:02 (CHI 13–3\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 83 yards, 4:04'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*ATL – \\[\\[Antone Smith]] 41 yard pass from \\[\\[Matt Ryan (American football)\\|Matt Ryan]], Matt Bryant XP good, 11:19 (CHI 13–10\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 86 yards, 3:41'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*ATL – Matt Bryant 54 yard field goal, 6:19 (TIE 13–13\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 33 yards, 3:13'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]] 6 yard run, Robbie Gould XP blocked, 5:06 (CHI 19–13\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 80 yards, 1:13'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Matt Forte 9 yard run, Jay Cutler pass to \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]] for two\\-point conversion, 10:07 (CHI 27–13\\). '''Drive: 15 plays, 87 yards, 8:28'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 26/38, 381 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* ATL – \\[\\[Matt Ryan (American football)\\|Matt Ryan]], 19/37, 271 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 17 carries, 80 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* ATL – \\[\\[Steven Jackson]], 6 carries, 25 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – Matt Forte, 10 receptions, 77 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* ATL – \\[\\[Julio Jones]], 4 receptions, 68 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Khaseem Greene]], 6 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* ATL – \\[\\[Kemal Ishmael]], 6 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\nThe Bears played the 2–3 [Atlanta Falcons](/wiki/2014_Atlanta_Falcons_season \"2014 Atlanta Falcons season\") in week six,{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.footballdb.com/teams/nfl/chicago\\-bears/teamvsteam?opp\\=2\\|title\\=Chicago Bears vs. Atlanta Falcons Results\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 19, 2014}} the Bears leading the all\\-time series between the two 13–12, 5–2 since 2001, and having won the most recent meeting in 2011, 30–12\\. Among the players the Bears faced was former returner and receiver [Devin Hester](/wiki/Devin_Hester \"Devin Hester\"), who had recorded 19 his NFL\\-record 20 return touchdowns with the team.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\\=400554220\\|title\\=Bears\\-Falcons Preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 19, 2014}} Atlanta entered the game with the second\\-best passing offense in the league, with the receiver duo of [Julio Jones](/wiki/Julio_Jones \"Julio Jones\") and [Roddy White](/wiki/Roddy_White \"Roddy White\") having combined for 56 catches for 765 yards and five touchdowns. The former also led the league with 40 receptions and 552 yards. Hester, despite being 23rd in the NFL with 15\\.1 yards on 14 receptions, was one the Bears had to be prepared when he was used as a [slot receiver](/wiki/Slot_receiver \"Slot receiver\"). Among the goals the Bears' defense had was to rush [Matt Ryan](/wiki/Matt_Ryan_%28American_football%29 \"Matt Ryan (American football)\"), who – despite being pressured often and tied with Jay Cutler with 130 pass attempts – was one of five quarterbacks with an average of eight yards per pass. Altogether, the Falcons had the third\\-best offense in yards gained, first in yards per play with 6\\.58, second in red zone touchdown percentage, and third with 29 points per game.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/10/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-falcons/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Falcons\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=October 10, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2014}} However, the Bears offense could attack the Falcons' 28th\\-ranked rushing defense, which had been allowing 147\\.6 yards per game; the Bears had been recording 116 rushing yards each game.{{cite web\\|last\\=Neveau\\|first\\=James\\|url\\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Bears\\-Falcons\\-Three\\-Keys\\-to\\-a\\-Chicago\\-Victory\\-\\-278934951\\.html\\|title\\=Bears\\-Falcons: Three Keys to a Chicago Victory\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WMAQ\\-TV]]\\|date\\=October 12, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2014}} In addition, Atlanta had allowed a league\\-leading ten rushing touchdowns and six yards per play, while having the second\\-worst sacks per pass attempt with 2\\.47 percent, and was one of five teams allowing 400 yards per game. On special teams, Chicago would have to watch out for Hester, who recorded one of the league's four punt return touchdowns in 2014, while recording an average of 14\\.4 yards off eight punt returns, and was ranked eighth in the league with a kick return average of 24\\.2 yards. The Falcons were predicted by every CBSSports.com analyst to win, and were the \\-3\\.5 favorite.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/gametracker/preview/NFL\\_20141012\\_CHI@ATL\\|title\\=CHICAGO AT ATLANTA\\|work\\=\\[\\[CBSSports.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2014}} Brandon Marshall, Danny McCray, and Tim Jennings served as the Bears' captains,{{cite web\\|url\\=http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/multimedia/photo\\-gallery/From\\-the\\-Sideline\\-Bears\\-Falcons/fdbcdeda\\-1dc5\\-4ec1\\-9997\\-70d9bc443b89\\|title\\=From the Sideline: Bears\\-Falcons\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028212031/http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/multimedia/photo\\-gallery/From\\-the\\-Sideline\\-Bears\\-Falcons/fdbcdeda\\-1dc5\\-4ec1\\-9997\\-70d9bc443b89\\|archive\\-date\\=October 28, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} while Sherrick McManis, Ahmad Dixon, Shea McClellin, Lance Briggs, Jon Bostic, D. J. Williams, and Jermon Bushrod were inactive.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Falcons/a1167127\\-8c2a\\-446f\\-be41\\-ce54abc4a2f5\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Falcons\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 12, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014103549/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Falcons/a1167127\\-8c2a\\-446f\\-be41\\-ce54abc4a2f5\\|archive\\-date\\=October 14, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"After the Bears won the coin toss, elected to receive, and punted on the first drive, the Falcons scored on their first drive with [Matt Bryant](/wiki/Matt_Bryant \"Matt Bryant\")'s 52\\-yard field goal. After the Bears punted again, Jones was stripped by Kyle Fuller, but recovered; the Falcons would also punt.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554220\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Chicago Bears vs. Atlanta Falcons – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=2 September 2016}} On Chicago's next drive, Cutler, after [spiking the ball](/wiki/Spike_%28gridiron_football%29 \"Spike (gridiron football)\"), was drilled by [Paul Worrilow](/wiki/Paul_Worrilow \"Paul Worrilow\"), allowing the Bears to gain a first down at the Falcons' 14\\-yard line;{{cite news\\|last1\\=Cunningham\\|first1\\=Michael\\|last2\\=Ledbetter\\|first2\\=D. Orlando\\|url\\=http://www.ajc.com/news/sports/football/another\\-big\\-play\\-touchdown\\-for\\-falcons\\-rb\\-antone\\-s/nhhLG/\\|title\\=Another big\\-play touchdown for Falcons RB Antone Smith\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Atlanta Journal\\-Constitution]]\\|date\\=October 12, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 21, 2014}} the drive lasted into the second quarter, and ended with Robbie Gould's 25\\-yard field goal; the Bears extended the lead on their next drive via Cutler's three\\-yard touchdown pass to Josh Morgan. The Falcons would be forced to punt again, with Chicago scoring off Gould's 28\\-yard field goal, the final scoring play of the first half, the Bears leading 13–3\\. After receiving the ball in the second half, the Falcons drove to Chicago's 41\\-yard line, where Ryan threw a 41\\-yard touchdown pass to [Antone Smith](/wiki/Antone_Smith \"Antone Smith\"), and the Falcons tied the game on their next possession off Bryant's 54\\-yard field goal. On Chicago's drive, the Falcons failed to provide safety assistance at the right side of the field, leading to Cutler throwing a 74\\-yard pass to Alshon Jeffery, completing it to the Falcons' five\\-yard line, with Matt Forte scoring on the next run, though Gould's extra point would be blocked by [Ra'Shede Hageman](/wiki/Ra%27Shede_Hageman \"Ra'Shede Hageman\"). Now down by six, the Falcons failed to score, and were forced to punt. In the final quarter, the Bears reached the Falcons' eight\\-yard line, where Cutler threw a touchdown pass to Jeffery. However, the score would be nullified by Jeffery stepping out of the endzone on the play. On the next play, Martellus Bennett fought to the nine\\-yard line, where Forte scored on the rushing touchdown. The Bears then scored on the two\\-point conversion with Cutler's pass to Bennett, putting the Bears up by 14 points, 27–13\\. On Atlanta's next drive, Jared Allen recorded his first sack as a Bear,{{cite web\\|last\\=Neveau\\|first\\=James\\|url\\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Bears\\-vs\\-Falcons\\-Cutler\\-Forte\\-Bennett\\-Ryan\\-278951081\\.html\\|title\\=Strong Defense Earns Bears 27\\-13 Win Over Falcons\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WMAQ\\-TV]]\\|date\\=October 12, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 21, 2014}} and would later be forced to punt, and the Bears would also punt. Afterwards, Ryan's pass for Jones would be intercepted by [Demontre Hurst](/wiki/Demontre_Hurst \"Demontre Hurst\"), though the Bears would have to punt. The Falcons' final drive ended with a turnover on downs, and Cutler would kneel thrice to end the game.",
"The Bears became the first team to win 750 total games.{{cite web\\|last\\=Newberry\\|first\\=Paul\\|url\\=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/79c4f5a8b1da4a04ab1d7ae9ef2f3211/cutler\\-leads\\-road\\-warrior\\-bears\\-past\\-falcons\\-27\\-13\\|title\\=Cutler leads road\\-warrior Bears past Falcons 27\\-13\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Associated Press]]\\|date\\=October 12, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 24, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=October 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027040654/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/79c4f5a8b1da4a04ab1d7ae9ef2f3211/cutler\\-leads\\-road\\-warrior\\-bears\\-past\\-falcons\\-27\\-13\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} It took only 4 road games for the Bears to match their road win total from last season (the Bears were 3–5 on the road during the 2013 season). The 13 points allowed by the Bears were the fewest that they had ever allowed in a game under Marc Trestman.{{cite news\\|last\\=LeGere\\|first\\=Bob\\|url\\=http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20141018/sports/141018168/\\|title\\=Trio of Bears LBs proved their worth vs. Falcons\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Daily Herald (Arlington Heights)\\|Daily Herald]]\\|date\\=October 18, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 21, 2014}} It was also fewest that they allowed in a game since Week 12 of the 2012 season when they held the Vikings to 10 points. When the Bears held a two\\-touchdown lead, Falcons fans began leaving the Dome, with Bears fans forcing the Falcons to utilize silent counts and had to call a timeout due to crowd noise and a ticking play clock.{{cite news\\|last\\=Cunningham\\|first\\=Michael\\|url\\=http://www.ajc.com/news/sports/football/noisy\\-bears\\-fans\\-in\\-dome\\-affected\\-falcons/nhjtJ/\\|title\\=Noisy Bears fans in Dome affected Falcons\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Atlanta Journal\\-Constitution]]\\|date\\=October 15, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 24, 2014}}",
"#### Week 7: vs. Miami Dolphins",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Seven: Miami Dolphins at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=October 19\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:00 p.m. CDT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Dolphins'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=7\\|R2\\=7\\|R3\\=7\\|R4\\=6\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=0\\|H2\\=0\\|H3\\=7\\|H4\\=7\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=62,413\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|50\\|F\\|C}}, partly cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Pete Morelli]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=\\[\\[NFL on CBS\\|CBS]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Greg Gumbel]], \\[\\[Trent Green]] and \\[\\[Evan Washburn]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014101902/2014/REG7/dolphins@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56264/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIA – \\[\\[Charles Clay (American football)\\|Charles Clay]] 13 yard pass from \\[\\[Ryan Tannehill]], \\[\\[Caleb Sturgis]] XP good, 6:51 (MIA 7–0\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 81 yards, 4:24'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIA – \\[\\[Mike Wallace (American football)\\|Mike Wallace]] 10 yard pass from Ryan Tannehill, Caleb Sturgis XP good, 5:20 (MIA 14–0\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 23 yards, 1:33'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]] 10 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 7:59 (MIA 14–7\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 80 yards, 7:01'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIA – \\[\\[Lamar Miller]] 2 yard run, Caleb Sturgis XP good, 0:31 (MIA 21–7\\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 83 yards, 7:28'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIA – Caleb Sturgis 33 yard field goal, 13:31 (MIA 24–7\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 2 yards, 0:52'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Matt Forte 1 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 7:38 (MIA 24–14\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 73 yards, 2:05'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIA – Caleb Sturgis 19 yard field goal, 2:13 (MIA 27–14\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 65 yards, 5:25'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIA – \\[\\[Ryan Tannehill]], 25/32, 277 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 21/34, 190 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIA – \\[\\[Lamar Miller]], 18 carries, 61 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 12 carries, 49 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIA – \\[\\[Mike Wallace (American football)\\|Mike Wallace]], 5 receptions, 46 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – Matt Forte, 6 receptions, 60 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIA – \\[\\[Reshad Jones]], 7 tackles, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jeremiah Ratliff]], 5 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\nThe Bears, seeking to avoid going 0–3 at home for the first time in ten years,{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\\=400554270\\|title\\=Dolphins\\-Bears Preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 25, 2014}} hosted the [Miami Dolphins](/wiki/2014_Miami_Dolphins_season \"2014 Miami Dolphins season\") in week seven, trailing the all\\-time series 4–7, though the Bears won the most recent game in 2010 16–0\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=chi\\&tm2\\=mia\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs Miami Dolphins\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 22, 2014}} The Bears had struggled at home during the season, scoring a total of 37 points and a \\-4 turnover differential; in contrast, the Bears had an average score of 26\\.5 and a \\+6 turnover difference on the road. In addition, Jay Cutler had nine passing touchdowns, two interceptions and a 104\\.6 passer rating in away games, while having four touchdowns, four interceptions (three of which occurred in the second half) and a rating of 84\\.7 at home, with a rating of 58\\.1 after halftime. Chicago had to protect Cutler from the defensive line duo of [Cameron Wake](/wiki/Cameron_Wake \"Cameron Wake\") and [Olivier Vernon](/wiki/Olivier_Vernon \"Olivier Vernon\"), both recording 1\\.5 sacks each in the previous week against the Packers. In addition, the Dolphins were ranked second in the league in sacks on third and fourth downs with 10\\. However, the Bears' receivers posed a size threat to the Miami secondary, though Miami was ranked third in yards per pass attempt allowed with 6\\.09, one of only eight teams allowing less than seven yards in 2014\\. The Dolphins also allowed only 3\\.8 yards per carry and yards allowed per play with 4\\.7 yards. On defense, the Bears would have to prepare for a [Ryan Tannehill](/wiki/Ryan_Tannehill \"Ryan Tannehill\")\\-led zone\\-read option offense, which has an average drive length of 3:08, third\\-fastest in the league. However, Tannehill could make mistakes, as he had thrown 35 interceptions in 37 career starts. The Dolphins also had the second\\-fewest completions of at least 20 yards with 11\\. The Bears would also have to watch the run game, which ranked third in the NFL with 4\\.97 yards per carry. Entering the game, the Bears' defense was tied for the fourth\\-most sacks (15\\), third\\-most interceptions (eight), and third in points recorded off turnovers (49\\).{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/17/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-dolphins/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Dolphins\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=October 17, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 25, 2014}} The Bears were the favorite by \\-3\\.{{cite web\\|last\\=Wilkening\\|first\\=Mike\\|url\\=http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\\-10\\-16/dolphins\\-vs\\-bears\\-line\\-pick\\-spread\\-betting\\-odds\\-prediction\\-vegas\\-week\\-7\\-nfl\\|title\\=Dolphins vs. Bears betting preview and pick – Favored Chicago hasn't delivered at home\\|work\\=\\[\\[Sporting News]]\\|date\\=October 16, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 25, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=October 26, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026044608/http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\\-10\\-16/dolphins\\-vs\\-bears\\-line\\-pick\\-spread\\-betting\\-odds\\-prediction\\-vegas\\-week\\-7\\-nfl\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} [Terrance Mitchell](/wiki/Terrance_Mitchell \"Terrance Mitchell\"), Ahmad Dixon, Chris Conte, Lance Briggs, Jon Bostic, Charles Leno, and Trevor Scott were scratches for the game,{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Dolphins/c20bb76c\\-8ea5\\-43a0\\-b75f\\-cc036f5c0141\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Dolphins\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 19, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021160836/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Dolphins/c20bb76c\\-8ea5\\-43a0\\-b75f\\-cc036f5c0141\\|archive\\-date\\=October 21, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} while Jermon Bushrod, Brandon Marshall, Robbie Gould, Ryan Mundy and Jeremiah Ratliff were team captains.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Kickoff\\-Countdown\\-Bears\\-Dolphins/2cdacebd\\-1163\\-4191\\-bf88\\-9fa180148032\\|title\\=Kickoff Countdown: Bears\\-Dolphins\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 19, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020134623/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Kickoff\\-Countdown\\-Bears\\-Dolphins/2cdacebd\\-1163\\-4191\\-bf88\\-9fa180148032\\|archive\\-date\\=October 20, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"The Dolphins won the toss, and elected to receive. On the first play from scrimmage, Tannehill was sacked by Ratliff for a loss of five yards; Ratliff would finish the game with a career\\-high 3\\.5 sacks. After both teams punted on their first drives, the Dolphins scored first on Tannehill's 13\\-yard touchdown pass to [Charles Clay](/wiki/Charles_Clay_%28American_football%29 \"Charles Clay (American football)\"). On the Bears' next drive, Cutler fumbled on his own 38\\-yard line, but [Ka'Deem Carey](/wiki/Ka%27Deem_Carey \"Ka'Deem Carey\") recovered the ball; the Bears would punt three plays later. Miami's eventual drive lasted into the second quarter, but ended with [Caleb Sturgis](/wiki/Caleb_Sturgis \"Caleb Sturgis\") missing a 50\\-yard field goal wide right. The Bears would reach the Dolphins' 37\\-yard line, but Cutler's pass for Martellus Bennett was intercepted by [Reshad Jones](/wiki/Reshad_Jones \"Reshad Jones\"), who returned the pick to the Bears' 29\\-yard line, and was stripped by Brandon Marshall, [Koa Misi](/wiki/Koa_Misi \"Koa Misi\") recovering at the 23\\-yard line. The fumble was subsequently challenged, but was upheld. Miami would drive to the Bears' eight\\-yard line, and two plays later, Tannehill threw a ten\\-yard touchdown pass to [Mike Wallace](/wiki/Mike_Wallace_%28American_football%29 \"Mike Wallace (American football)\"). Both teams would exchange punts at the end of the half, Miami leading 14–0\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554270\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Miami Dolphins vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 8, 2014}} On their first drive of the second half, the Bears scored their first points of the game with Cutler's ten\\-yard touchdown pass to Matt Forte, though the Dolphins retaliated on their next possession with [Lamar Miller](/wiki/Lamar_Miller \"Lamar Miller\")'s two\\-yard touchdown run. The Bears' drive lasted into the fourth quarter, but ended at their own 24\\-yard line when Wake strip\\-sacked Cutler, recovering it at Chicago's 16\\. The Dolphins would go three\\-and\\-out on the drive, resorting to Sturgis' 33\\-yard field goal. On the Bears' next drive, Cutler threw a pass to [Dante Rosario](/wiki/Dante_Rosario \"Dante Rosario\"), who fumbled after being stripped by [Cortland Finnegan](/wiki/Cortland_Finnegan \"Cortland Finnegan\"), [Randy Starks](/wiki/Randy_Starks \"Randy Starks\") recovering at the Bears' 35\\-yard line. However, the Dolphins failed to take advantage of the takeaway, Sturgis' 37\\-yard field goal being blocked by Lamarr Houston.{{cite web\\|last\\=Neveau\\|first\\=James\\|url\\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/sports/Dolphins\\-Bears\\-Bostic\\-Cutler\\-Tannehill\\-Marshall\\-279707332\\.html\\|title\\=Bears Look Listless in 27\\-14 Loss to Dolphins\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WMAQ\\-TV]]\\|date\\=October 19, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 11, 2014}} Starting from their own 27, the Bears reached the Dolphins' 44, and a defensive pass interference penalty on [Jason Taylor](/wiki/Jason_Taylor_%28American_football%29 \"Jason Taylor (American football)\") brought the Bears to the five\\-yard line. Three plays later, Forte scored on a one\\-yard run. The Dolphins would score on their next drive via Miller's four\\-yard run, but was nullified by holding penalty on Clay; Sturgis would kick a 19\\-yard field goal to make the score 27–14\\. Chicago's final drive reached Miami's 15\\-yard line, but the offense failed to gain ground, Cutler first throwing an incomplete pass, then fumbling but recovering, and finally throwing two more incomplete passes. Tannehill would kneel twice to end the game.",
"The Bears fell to 0–4 in games where Cutler throws an interception.{{cite news\\|last\\=Duarte\\|first\\=Michael\\|url\\=http://www.latintimes.com/dolphins\\-vs\\-bears\\-27\\-14\\-recap\\-watch\\-ryan\\-tannehill\\-do\\-his\\-best\\-impression\\-running\\-back\\-270059\\|title\\=Dolphins Vs. Bears (27\\-14\\) Recap: Watch Ryan Tannehill Do His Best Impression Of A Running Back \\[VIDEO]\\|newspaper\\=Latin Times\\|date\\=October 19, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 8, 2014}} After the game, in the Bears' locker room, there were reports of shouting and players being pulled out of the room, with Marshall calling out Cutler, and Kyle Long criticizing the fans. Former Bears linebacker [Blake Costanzo](/wiki/Blake_Costanzo \"Blake Costanzo\") was also critical, stating Marc Trestman had \"made the Bears soft\".{{cite magazine\\|url\\=https://www.si.com/nfl/2014/10/19/chicago\\-bears\\-locker\\-room\\-loss\\-dolphins\\|title\\=Reports: Loud yelling, screaming in Bears locker room after loss\\|magazine\\=\\[\\[Sports Illustrated]]\\|date\\=October 19, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014}} In an interview, Gould stated, \"Everyone's trying to make this a story out of something that really wasn't that big of a deal. Obviously everyone's frustrated. Everyone wants to win. Our fans want to win. Coaches want to win. The players want to win. And everyone's obviously frustrated.\"{{cite news\\|last\\=Rosenbloom\\|first\\=Steve\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\\-robbie\\-gould\\-brandon\\-marshall\\-rant\\-20141020\\-story.html\\|title\\=Robbie Gould downplays Brandon Marshall rant\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=October 20, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014}}",
"#### Week 8: at New England Patriots",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Eight: Chicago Bears at New England Patriots – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=October 26\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=1:00 p.m. EDT/12:00 p.m. CDT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=7\\|R3\\=8\\|R4\\=8\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\='''Patriots'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=7\\|H2\\=31\\|H3\\=7\\|H4\\=6\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[Gillette Stadium]], \\[\\[Foxborough, Massachusetts]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=68,756\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|54\\|F\\|C}}, cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=Brad Allen\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=Fox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Sam Rosen (sportscaster)\\|Sam Rosen]], John Lynch and Pam Oliver\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014102605/2014/REG8/bears@patriots Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56282/NE\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – \\[\\[Rob Gronkowski]] 6 yard pass from \\[\\[Tom Brady]], \\[\\[Stephen Gostkowski]] XP good, 9:41 (NE 7–0\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 55 yards, 2:22'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – Stephen Gostkowski 23 yard field goal, 14:57 (NE 10–0\\). '''Drive: 17 plays, 68 yards, 14:57'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – \\[\\[Tim Wright (American football)\\|Tim Wright]] 1 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 8:09 (NE 17–0\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 76 yards, 5:27'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]] 25 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 5:32 (NE 17–7\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 77 yards, 2:37'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – Rob Gronkowski 2 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 1:52 (NE 24–7\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 80 yards, 3:40'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – \\[\\[Brandon LaFell]] 9 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 1:07 (NE 31–7\\). '''Drive: 1 plays, 9 yards, 0:04'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – \\[\\[Rob Ninkovich]] 15 yard fumble return, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 0:55 (NE 38–7\\).\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – Rob Gronkowski 46 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 12:42 (NE 45–7\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 80 yards, 2:18'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]] 20 yard from Jay Cutler, Jay Cutler to Dante Rosario for two\\-point conversion, 0:54 (NE 45–15\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 80 yards, 3:16'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – Stephen Gostkowski 27 yard field goal, 9:59 (NE 48–15\\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 71 yards, 5:55'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 10 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Jay Cutler to Matt Forte for two\\-point conversion, 5:16 (NE 48–23\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 80 yards, 4:43'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – Stephen Gostkowski 39 yard field goal, 2:09 (NE 51–23\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 21 yards, 3:07''' \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 20/30, 227 yards, 3 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NE – \\[\\[Tom Brady]], 30/35, 354 yards, 5 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 19 carries, 114 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NE – \\[\\[Jonas Gray]], 17 plays, 86 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]], 6 receptions, 95 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NE – \\[\\[Brandon LaFell]], 11 receptions, 124 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[D. J. Williams (linebacker)\\|D. J. Williams]], 2 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NE – \\[\\[Jamie Collins (American football)\\|Jamie Collins]], 5 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\nThe Bears visited [Gillette Stadium](/wiki/Gillette_Stadium \"Gillette Stadium\") in week eight to take on the [New England Patriots](/wiki/2014_New_England_Patriots_season \"2014 New England Patriots season\"), the first game in Foxborough for the Bears since 2006, which had ended in a 17–13 loss.{{cite web\\|last1\\=Reiss\\|first1\\=Dan\\|last2\\=Wright\\|first2\\=Michael C.\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/boston/new\\-england\\-patriots/post/\\_/id/4770734/bears\\-at\\-patriots\\-preview\\|title\\=Bears vs. Patriots preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=October 24, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 12, 2014}} Chicago had never won in Foxborough, where the Patriots had won twelve consecutive games.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\\=400554272\\|title\\=Bears\\-Patriots Preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014}} The Bears trailed the all\\-time series 3–8 entering the series, and lost the most recent meeting at home in 2010, 36–7\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=chi\\&tm2\\=nwe\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs New England Patriots\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014}} A target the Bears could attack was the Patriots' run defense, which had allowed a season\\-high 218 rushing yards against the Jets, a combined 398 in losses to the [Kansas City Chiefs](/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs \"Kansas City Chiefs\") and Dolphins, and was ranked 24th in the league by allowing 126\\.3 rushing yards per game on 28\\.7 attempts, by utilizing Matt Forte, the fifth\\-leading rusher in the NFL with 448 yards and league\\-leading 52 receptions for 436 yards. In addition, New England did not have defenders [Jerod Mayo](/wiki/Jerod_Mayo \"Jerod Mayo\") and [Chandler Jones](/wiki/Chandler_Jones \"Chandler Jones\"), and had allowed fifteen drives lasting at least ten plays in 2014, all but one culminating in a score. However, the Patriots' pass defense was more stingy, forcing quarterbacks to throw three interceptions on passes longer than 21 yards with a 37\\.1 passer rating, the sixth\\-worst in the league. On defense, the Bears had to contain [Tom Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady \"Tom Brady\"), who had thrown for 964 yards, six touchdowns and three interceptions in three games against the Bears. Likewise, tight end [Rob Gronkowski](/wiki/Rob_Gronkowski \"Rob Gronkowski\") was among the targets of Brady, whose 42 of 68 targeted throws were to tight ends, seventh\\-most in the NFL. 71 percent of Gronkowski's catches had resulted in first downs, though he had caught only 31 of his 56 targets, and while Brady had never completed less than 60 percent of passes in his career, Miami and New York forced him to complete less than 55 percent. While the Bears could blitz Brady, they would have to prepare for the Patriots' no\\-huddle offense and Brady's quickie release. However, the Patriots' rushing offense was ranked only 26th in yards per carry with 3\\.75, though they had recorded 4\\.76 yards per first down rush.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/24/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-patriots/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Patriots\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=October 24, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014}} Like in week two, Mike Ditka was the lone ESPN analyst to predict a Bears victory.{{cite news\\|last\\=Just\\|first\\=David\\|url\\=http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/inside\\-the\\-bears/mike\\-ditka\\-is\\-lone\\-espn\\-analyst\\-to\\-pick\\-bears\\-over\\-patriots/\\|title\\=Mike Ditka is lone ESPN analyst to pick Bears over Patriots\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Sun\\-Times]]\\|date\\=October 24, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129025542/http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/inside\\-the\\-bears/mike\\-ditka\\-is\\-lone\\-espn\\-analyst\\-to\\-pick\\-bears\\-over\\-patriots/\\|archive\\-date\\=2014\\-11\\-29\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} Terrance Mitchell, Danny McCray, Ahmad Dixon, Lance Briggs, Jon Bostic, Jordan Mills, and Charles Leno were inactive for the game.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Patriots/ce3671d9\\-f5bd\\-41ac\\-8308\\-2399a4abff0a\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Patriots\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103115011/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Patriots/ce3671d9\\-f5bd\\-41ac\\-8308\\-2399a4abff0a\\|archive\\-date\\=November 3, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"After winning the coin toss, New England kicked off. The Bears punted on their first drive, while the Patriots scored on their first possession with Brady's six\\-yard touchdown pass to Gronkowski. The Bears would punt on their next two drives, while the Patriots scored on their following drives in the second quarter, with [Stephen Gostkowski](/wiki/Stephen_Gostkowski \"Stephen Gostkowski\")'s 23\\-yard field goal and Brady's one\\-yard touchdown pass to [Tim Wright](/wiki/Tim_Wright_%28American_football%29 \"Tim Wright (American football)\"). On the Bears' ensuing possession, Jay Cutler's pass for Martellus Bennett was intercepted by [Devin McCourty](/wiki/Devin_McCourty \"Devin McCourty\"), though it would be nullified by [Brandon Browner](/wiki/Brandon_Browner \"Brandon Browner\")'s illegal contact penalty.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554272\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Chicago Bears vs. New England Patriots – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 19, 2014}} The Patriots would score three times in 57 seconds: with 1:52 left in the second quarter, Brady threw a two\\-yard touchdown pass to Gronkowski;{{cite news\\|last\\=Pepin\\|first\\=Matt\\|url\\=https://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/2014/10/26/patriots\\-score\\-three\\-times\\-minute\\-during\\-second\\-quarter\\-bears/VLtRgeEXf1Xz73FSbmqxzI/story.html\\|title\\=Patriots score three times in 57 seconds during second quarter vs. Bears\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Boston Globe]]\\|date\\=October 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 19, 2014}} the Bears punted on the next drive, the Patriots returning it 42 yards to the Bears' 19\\-yard line, and a holding penalty on Trevor Scott moved the ball to the nine, where Brady threw a touchdown pass to [Brandon LaFell](/wiki/Brandon_LaFell \"Brandon LaFell\") with 1:07 remaining. On the Bears' next play, Cutler fumbled, and [Rob Ninkovich](/wiki/Rob_Ninkovich \"Rob Ninkovich\") recovered, scoring on the 15\\-yard return with 55 seconds left in the half. The Bears' final drive of the half ended with Cutler's pass for Brandon Marshall being intercepted by [Darrelle Revis](/wiki/Darrelle_Revis \"Darrelle Revis\") at the Patriots' five\\-yard line. On New England's first drive of the second half, they extended the lead to 45–7 with Brady's 46\\-yard touchdown pass to Gronkowski. After the Bears failed to convert on 4th\\-and\\-10 from the Patriots' 26, the Patriots were forced to punt for the first and only time in the game. The Bears would score on the following possession with Cutler's 20\\-yard touchdown pass to Bennett, followed by a two\\-point conversion pass to Dante Rosario being completed. The Patriots' next drive would last into the fourth quarter, and ended with Gostkowski's 27\\-yard field goal. Chicago would then score on their following drive with Cutler's ten\\-yard touchdown pass to Alshon Jeffery, followed by Cutler's two\\-point conversion pass to Matt Forte, decreasing the deficit to 25 points. Patriots' backup quarterback [Jimmy Garoppolo](/wiki/Jimmy_Garoppolo \"Jimmy Garoppolo\") substituted for Brady on their next drive, and five plays later, Lamarr Houston sacked Garoppolo, his first sack of the year. However, when he was celebrating, Houston tore his ACL, and would be out for the rest of the season.{{cite web\\|last\\=Rosenthal\\|first\\=Gregg\\|url\\=https://www.nfl.com/news/bears\\-lamarr\\-houston\\-tears\\-acl\\-while\\-celebrating\\-0ap3000000418019\\|title\\=Bears' Lamarr Houston tears ACL while celebrating\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[National Football League]]\\|date\\=October 27, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 19, 2014}} Gostkowski would kick a 39\\-yard field goal to make the score 51–23\\. Jimmy Clausen replaced Cutler on the Bears' last drive, ending with the Bears failing to convert on 4th down. Garoppolo would kneel once to end the game.",
"Until the week ten game against the Packers, the 38 points allowed in the first half were the most in team history.",
"#### Week 9: Bye week",
"The Bears entered the bye week with a 3–5 record, tied with the [Vikings](/wiki/2014_Minnesota_Vikings_season \"2014 Minnesota Vikings season\") for last in the NFC North, two games behind the Packers, and four behind the [Detroit Lions](/wiki/2014_Detroit_Lions_season \"2014 Detroit Lions season\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Kaberon\\|first\\=Eli\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Notes\\-From\\-The\\-North\\-Week\\-8/41b3f64d\\-dde8\\-411f\\-8a15\\-b19d226a39dd\\|title\\=Notes From The North: Week 8\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 27, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 22, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105210106/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Notes\\-From\\-The\\-North\\-Week\\-8/41b3f64d\\-dde8\\-411f\\-8a15\\-b19d226a39dd\\|archive\\-date\\=November 5, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} The last time the Bears had been 3–5, yet made the playoffs was in [1979](/wiki/1979_Chicago_Bears_season \"1979 Chicago Bears season\"), and had also performed the feat in [1977](/wiki/1977_Chicago_Bears_season \"1977 Chicago Bears season\"), while the last time that Chicago had made the playoffs after having a record of two games below .500 occurred in [2005](/wiki/2005_Chicago_Bears_season \"2005 Chicago Bears season\"), when the team was 1–3, but finished the regular season 11–5\\.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mullin\\|first\\=John\\|url\\=http://www.csnchicago.com/bears/bears\\-face\\-deepening\\-nightmare\\-after\\-humiliation\\-patriots\\|title\\=Bears face deepening nightmare after humiliation by Patriots\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Comcast SportsNet Chicago]]\\|date\\=October 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 22, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030021154/http://www.csnchicago.com/bears/bears\\-face\\-deepening\\-nightmare\\-after\\-humiliation\\-patriots\\|archive\\-date\\=2014\\-10\\-30\\|url\\-status\\=dead}}",
"On offense, the Bears were tied for seventh in the league in passes per game with 37\\.4 and 27th in rushing attempts per game with 23\\.5\\. The offense had also regressed in points scored per game; in [2013](/wiki/2013_Chicago_Bears_season \"2013 Chicago Bears season\"), the team averaged 27\\.8 points, while after eight games in 2014, had scored only 22\\.4,{{cite web\\|last\\=Kaberon\\|first\\=Eli\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Trestman\\-seeks\\-improvement/d2d269ed\\-ce3d\\-4b47\\-8e50\\-39d0504936cb\\|title\\=Trestman seeks improvement\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 30, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 22, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031213645/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Trestman\\-seeks\\-improvement/d2d269ed\\-ce3d\\-4b47\\-8e50\\-39d0504936cb\\|archive\\-date\\=October 31, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} despite having all 11 starters from 2013 returning. In their first three games, the Bears had a \\+4 turnover margin with eight turnovers forced and four turnovers allowed, but in their last five games, the margin was \\-7 with four takeaways and 11 giveaways, including \\-5 in the previous two games with no forced turnovers and five allowed turnovers; this marked the first time that the Bears had failed to force a turnover in consecutive games since [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season \"2010 Chicago Bears season\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Emery\\-Bears\\-will\\-not\\-quit\\-on\\-season/6f5ae28e\\-7efb\\-43c0\\-8a0f\\-437d4032f334\\|title\\=Emery: Bears will not quit on season\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 27, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 22, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105211713/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Emery\\-Bears\\-will\\-not\\-quit\\-on\\-season/6f5ae28e\\-7efb\\-43c0\\-8a0f\\-437d4032f334\\|archive\\-date\\=November 5, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} Despite these struggles, the Bears' offense had the league's fifth\\-best red zone scoring percentage with 88\\.5\\.{{cite web\\|last\\=Kaberon\\|first\\=Eli\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/By\\-The\\-Numbers\\-Bye\\-Week/1e18434e\\-7e6c\\-4e4b\\-8ad6\\-ede4f0edbcbc\\|title\\=By The Numbers: Bye Week\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 30, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 22, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108155127/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/By\\-The\\-Numbers\\-Bye\\-Week/1e18434e\\-7e6c\\-4e4b\\-8ad6\\-ede4f0edbcbc\\|archive\\-date\\=November 8, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"#### Week 10: at Green Bay Packers",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Ten: Chicago Bears at Green Bay Packers – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=November 9\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=7:30 p.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=0\\|R3\\=7\\|R4\\=7\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\='''Packers'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=14\\|H2\\=28\\|H3\\=6\\|H4\\=7\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[Lambeau Field]], \\[\\[Green Bay, Wisconsin]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=78,292\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|34\\|F\\|C}}, mostly cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Craig Wrolstad]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=NBC\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=Al Michaels, Cris Collinsworth and Michele Tafoya\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014110910/2014/REG10/bears@packers Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56315/GB\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Brandon Bostick]] 1 yard pass from \\[\\[Aaron Rodgers]], \\[\\[Mason Crosby]] XP good, 6:13 (GB 7–0\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 71 yards, 5:44'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Andrew Quarless]] 4 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 3:52 (GB 14–0\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 23 yards, 4:01'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Jordy Nelson]] 73 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 14:48 (GB 21–0\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 72 yards, 0:34'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – Jordy Nelson 40 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 12:09 (GB 28–0\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 54 yards, 1:30'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Eddie Lacy]] 56 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 4:48 (GB 35–0\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 95 yards, 3:10'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Randall Cobb (American football)\\|Randall Cobb]] 18 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 0:14 (GB 42–0\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 32 yards, 0:48'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – Mason Crosby 20 yard field goal, 10:48 (GB 45–0\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 6 yards, 1:01'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Brandon Marshall]] 45 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 7:44 (GB 45–7\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 75 yards, 3:04'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – Mason Crosby 52 yard field goal, 5:27 (GB 48–7\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 46 yards, 2:17'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Casey Hayward]] 82 yard interception return, Mason Crosby XP good, 10:41 (GB 55–7\\).\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Chris Williams (wide receiver)\\|Chris Williams]] 101 yard kick return, Robbie Gould XP good, 10:27 (GB 55–14\\).\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 22/37, 272 yards, 1 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[Aaron Rodgers]], 18/27, 315 yards, 6 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 17 carries, 54 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[DuJuan Harris]], 8 carries, 52 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Brandon Marshall]], 8 receptions, 112 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[Jordy Nelson]], 6 receptions, 152 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Ryan Mundy]], 9 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[Clay Matthews III]], 9 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\nThe Bears played the Packers for the second time in the season, this time on the road at [Lambeau Field](/wiki/Lambeau_Field \"Lambeau Field\"), where the Packers had won all three of their home games in 2014 with a league\\-high 37\\.0 points per game at home. The game was broadcast on *[NBC Sunday Night Football](/wiki/NBC_Sunday_Night_Football \"NBC Sunday Night Football\")*, the ninth consecutive year that a Bears\\-Packers was held in [prime time](/wiki/Prime_time \"Prime time\").{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.packers.com/news\\-and\\-events/article\\-infographic/article\\-1/Infographic\\-Packers\\-vs\\-Bears\\-game\\-preview/17ba31ec\\-70d5\\-4063\\-b759\\-8e6383594ad6\\|title\\=Infographic: Packers vs. Bears game preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[Green Bay Packers]]\\|date\\=November 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205030854/http://www.packers.com/news\\-and\\-events/article\\-infographic/article\\-1/Infographic\\-Packers\\-vs\\-Bears\\-game\\-preview/17ba31ec\\-70d5\\-4063\\-b759\\-8e6383594ad6\\|archive\\-date\\=December 5, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} Entering the game, Jay Cutler had struggled against the Packers, with a 67\\.0 passer rating, the lowest against any team. He also had thrown 13 touchdowns against 19 interceptions, and heading into the game, led the league in turnovers with 12, which led to 44 total points by opponents.{{cite web\\|last1\\=Demovsky\\|first1\\=Rob\\|last2\\=Wright\\|first2\\=Michael C.\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/green\\-bay\\-packers/post/\\_/id/14936/bears\\-vs\\-packers\\-preview\\|title\\=Bears vs. Packers preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=November 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} However, the Bears' rushing attack took on the Packers' worst\\-ranked run defense, which had allowed 153\\.5 yards per game on 32\\.1 rushing attempts. The offense had to avoid long\\-distance drives, as they were ranked 29th in the NFL in points scored outside the red zone with 31\\. On defense, the Bears' rushing defense faced a Green Bay rushing game that was one of ten teams in the NFL to average less than 100 yards per game with 97\\.5 yards on 24\\.3 attempt, which ranked 26th, ahead of the Bears by one spot. However, the Packers also averaged 4\\.02 yards per carry and 4\\.3 yards per carry on first down. The Bears' pass defense also had to face Aaron Rodgers, who ranked third in the league with 8\\.22 yards per pass. In addition, the team had to be wary in the event they attempted to blitz; Rodgers had the highest passer rating against the blitz with 130\\.71, along with eight touchdowns and one interception.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/07/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-packers\\-2/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Packers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=November 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} Over their previous five games, the Packers had scored an average of 33\\.6 points, while the Bears had allowed 32 average points in their last five games. The Packers were seven\\-point favorites, and the game's [over/under](/wiki/Over/under \"Over/under\") of 53\\.5 points is the highest total of week ten games.{{cite news\\|last\\=Riccobono\\|first\\=Anthony\\|url\\=http://www.ibtimes.com/green\\-bay\\-packers\\-vs\\-chicago\\-bears\\-prediction\\-betting\\-odds\\-preview\\-2014\\-week\\-10\\-game\\-1720695\\|title\\=Green Bay Packers Vs. Chicago Bears: Prediction, Betting Odds, Preview For 2014 Week 10 Game\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[International Business Times]]\\|date\\=November 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} Terrance Mitchell, Khaseem Greene, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, [Blake Annen](/wiki/Blake_Annen \"Blake Annen\"), David Bass, and [DeDe Lattimore](/wiki/DeDe_Lattimore \"DeDe Lattimore\") were the inactives for the game.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Packers/989714bf\\-bc0f\\-4ee8\\-88e7\\-d819d9b2f0bd\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Packers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 9, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113070306/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Packers/989714bf\\-bc0f\\-4ee8\\-88e7\\-d819d9b2f0bd\\|archive\\-date\\=November 13, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"The Bears won the coin toss, and received, but punted after their first drive. From their own 29\\-yard line, the Packers drove to the Bears' one, where Rodgers threw a one\\-yard touchdown pass to [Brandon Bostick](/wiki/Brandon_Bostick \"Brandon Bostick\"). On the second play of the Bears' next drive, Cutler was intercepted by [Micah Hyde](/wiki/Micah_Hyde_%28American_football%29 \"Micah Hyde (American football)\"), and the Packers converted the turnover into a Rodgers' four\\-yard touchdown pass to [Andrew Quarless](/wiki/Andrew_Quarless \"Andrew Quarless\"). After the Bears were forced to punt again, the Packers' drive (which lasted into the second quarter) ended with Rodgers throwing a 73\\-yard touchdown pass to Jordy Nelson, and scored again after the Bears punted for the fourth consecutive time, this time on Rodgers' 40\\-yard touchdown pass to Nelson. On Chicago's next possession, the offense reached the Packers' four\\-yard line, but on 4th down, Cutler's pass to Alshon Jeffery was incomplete, and from their own five\\-yard line, the Packers eventually scored on Rodgers' 56\\-yard touchdown pass to Eddie Lacy. Chicago's next drive again led to zero points, with Cutler being sacked on 4th down by [Morgan Burnett](/wiki/Morgan_Burnett \"Morgan Burnett\"). The Packers reclaimed the ball on their 43\\-yard line, but two plays later, reached the Bears' seven\\-yard line after Tim Jennings was flagged for pass interference of 53 yards. However, Randall Cobb fumbled after being stripped by Lance Briggs, Ryan Mundy recovering in the endzone. However, the Bears would give the ball back with Cutler being strip\\-sacked by [Julius Peppers](/wiki/Julius_Peppers \"Julius Peppers\") at the Bears' 37\\-yard line. The Packers would extend their lead to 42–0 with Rodgers throwing an 18\\-yard touchdown pass to Cobb. The Bears ended the first half with a kneel. In the third quarter, the Packers punted for the first time in the game, the ball being returned for no gain at the Bears' 30\\-yard line, but would be pushed back to the 15\\-yard line due to Teddy Williams' personal foul penalty. After the Bears went three\\-and\\-out,{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554403\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Chicago Bears vs. Green Bay Packers – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} Pat O'Donnell's punt was kicked by [Jarrett Boykin](/wiki/Jarrett_Boykin \"Jarrett Boykin\") and recovered by O'Donnell; the block was officially recorded as a fumble, and as a result, the Bears were considered to have turned the ball on downs.{{cite web\\|last\\=Breech\\|first\\=Josh\\|url\\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\\-on\\-football/24793799/bears\\-line\\-up\\-to\\-punt\\-packers\\-kick\\-ball\\-instead\\|title\\=Bears line up to punt, Packers kick ball instead\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[CBSSports.com]]\\|date\\=November 9, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=November 10, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110072941/http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\\-on\\-football/24793799/bears\\-line\\-up\\-to\\-punt\\-packers\\-kick\\-ball\\-instead\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} The Packers would score on Mason Crosby's 20\\-yard field goal. Despite a chance to tie the NFL record for most touchdown passes in a game,{{cite web\\|last\\=Gantt\\|first\\=Darin\\|url\\=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/11/09/packers\\-turn\\-to\\-matt\\-flynn\\-for\\-the\\-rest\\-of\\-this\\-beauty/\\|title\\=Packers turn to Matt Flynn for the rest of this beauty\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Profootballtalk.com]]\\|date\\=November 9, 2014}} Rodgers was pulled for the Packers' third drive of the quarter for [Matt Flynn](/wiki/Matt_Flynn_%28American_football%29 \"Matt Flynn (American football)\"). The Bears scored their first points of the game off Cutler's 45\\-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall. Crosby would kick another field goal, this time a 52\\-yarder, to make the score 48–7\\. After both teams exchanged punts, the Bears' drive, which went into the final quarter, reached the Packers' 18\\-yard line, but Cutler's pass for Matt Forte hit Kyle Long's head, and bounced into [Casey Hayward](/wiki/Casey_Hayward \"Casey Hayward\")'s hands, who scored on the 82\\-yard return.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.packers.com/media\\-center/videos/Casey\\-Haywards\\-82\\-yard\\-pick\\-six/c63f23e7\\-0250\\-49fb\\-82bf\\-836e8a4451ed\\|title\\=Casey Hayward's 82\\-yard pick\\-six\\|work\\=\\[\\[Green Bay Packers]]\\|date\\=November 9, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205013616/http://www.packers.com/media\\-center/videos/Casey\\-Haywards\\-82\\-yard\\-pick\\-six/c63f23e7\\-0250\\-49fb\\-82bf\\-836e8a4451ed\\|archive\\-date\\=December 5, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} On the ensuing kickoff, with blocking along the Bears' sideline,{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\\-Williams\\-101\\-yard\\-kick\\-return/1227d00b\\-4ac0\\-4601\\-a162\\-7e31c8a27b70\\|title\\=NFLN: Williams 101\\-yard kick return\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 9, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112223949/http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\\-Williams\\-101\\-yard\\-kick\\-return/1227d00b\\-4ac0\\-4601\\-a162\\-7e31c8a27b70\\|archive\\-date\\=November 12, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} [Chris Williams](/wiki/Chris_Williams_%28wide_receiver%29 \"Chris Williams (wide receiver)\") scored on the 101\\-yard return to make the score 55–14\\. After the Packers punted again, Jimmy Clausen replaced Cutler for the Bears' final drive, but was sacked by [Sam Barrington](/wiki/Sam_Barrington \"Sam Barrington\") on 4th down; the Packers would run out the clock to end the game.",
"The 42 points allowed in the first half was a franchise record,{{cite news\\|last\\=Armas\\|first\\=Genaro C.\\|url\\=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/10/aaron\\-rodgers\\-packers\\-bears\\-record\\-half\\_n\\_6130674\\.html\\|title\\=Aaron Rodgers Throws 6 TD Passes In 1st Half As Packers Crush Bears 55\\-14\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Huffington Post]]\\|date\\=November 10, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} and the six touchdown passes allowed in the half was an NFL record. By allowing 51 and 55 points against the Patriots and Packers, respectively, the Bears became the first team since the 1923 [Rochester Jeffersons](/wiki/1923_Rochester_Jeffersons_season \"1923 Rochester Jeffersons season\") to allow at least 50 points in two consecutive games.{{cite web\\|last\\=Neveau\\|first\\=James\\|url\\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Packers\\-Bears\\-Sunday\\-Night\\-Lambeau\\-Field\\-Cutler\\-Rodgers\\-282090151\\.html\\|title\\=Packers Bludgeon Bears 55\\-14 in Embarrassing Rout\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WMAQ\\-TV]]\\|date\\=November 10, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 10, 2014}}",
"#### Week 11: vs. Minnesota Vikings",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Eleven: Minnesota Vikings at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=November 16\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:00 p.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\=Vikings\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=10\\|R2\\=0\\|R3\\=0\\|R4\\=3\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\='''Bears'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=0\\|H2\\=14\\|H3\\=0\\|H4\\=7\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=61,792\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|31\\|F\\|C}}, cloudy, flurries\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Ron Torbert]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=CBS\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Kevin Harlan]], \\[\\[Rich Gannon]] and \\[\\[Stacey Dales]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014111601/2014/REG11/vikings@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56319/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIN – \\[\\[Blair Walsh]] 50 yard field goal, 11:21 (MIN 3–0\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 39 yards, 3:39'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIN – \\[\\[Rhett Ellison]] 7 yard pass from \\[\\[Teddy Bridgewater]], Blair Walsh XP good, 3:16 (MIN 10–0\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 63 yards, 2:46'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 27 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 13:06 (MIN 10–7\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 81 yards, 5:10'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Brandon Marshall]] 44 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 2:49 (CHI 14–10\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 73 yards, 1:47'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*No scoring\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Brandon Marshall 4 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 8:51 (CHI 21–10\\). '''Drive: 16 plays, 72 yards, 7:35'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIN – Blair Walsh 26 yard field goal, 4:04 (CHI 21–13\\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 52 yards, 4:47'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIN – \\[\\[Teddy Bridgewater]], 18/28, 158 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 31/43, 330 yards, 3 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIN – \\[\\[Andrew Sendejo]], 1 carry, 48 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 26 carries, 117 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIN – \\[\\[Charles Johnson (wide receiver, born 1989\\)\\|Charles Johnson]], 6 receptions, 87 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]], 11 receptions, 135 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIN – \\[\\[Chad Greenway]], 9 tackles \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Demontre Hurst]], 6 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t[thumb\\|Jared Allen (center) giving a pre\\-game speech prior to week eleven](/wiki/File:Jared_Allen_speech.jpg \"Jared Allen speech.jpg\")\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChicago hosted the 4–5 Vikings in week eleven, the Vikings leading the [all\\-time rivalry](/wiki/Bears-Vikings_rivalry \"Bears-Vikings rivalry\") 53–51–4,{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=min\\&tm2\\=chi\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=Boxscore finder: Minnesota Vikings vs Chicago Bears\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} though the Bears had won six consecutive games at Soldier Field between the two teams, dating back to [2007](/wiki/2007_Chicago_Bears_season \"2007 Chicago Bears season\"). Jeff Joniak stated the Bears must \"play smart\"; for instance, on offense, the Bears would have to watch for pressure from a blitz\\-happy [Mike Zimmer](/wiki/Mike_Zimmer \"Mike Zimmer\")\\-led defense, which ranked third in the league in sacks with 30, 20 of which were in their last four games, and was also ranked third in the NFL in hurries with 60, and forced offenses to commit a league\\-leading 13 holding penalties. The pass rush would try to attack Jay Cutler, who was tied for the most turnovers with 15, and was sacked 23 times. On first down, the Vikings blitzed 32 percent of the time, and 38 percent on third down. The Vikings also ranked fourth against the pass, allowing 213\\.6 yards per game. The Vikings had also improved on points allowed, allowing 18\\.3 points in their last four games after permitting 30\\.0 in the previous four. However, the Vikings' rush defense was allowing 5 yards per carry on first down. Defensively, the Bears were struggling, allowing a league\\-most 30\\.8 points per game while ranking 28th against the pass, allowing 268\\.6 yards per game. Despite Vikings' star running back [Adrian Peterson](/wiki/Adrian_Peterson \"Adrian Peterson\") being suspended for the game,{{cite web\\|last\\=Bechtold\\|first\\=Tyler\\|url\\=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/vikings\\-bears\\-preview\\-214710575\\-\\-nfl.html\\|title\\=Vikings\\-Bears Preview\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Yahoo! Sports]]\\|date\\=November 12, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=December 5, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205182030/http://sports.yahoo.com/news/vikings\\-bears\\-preview\\-214710575\\-\\-nfl.html\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} [Matt Asiata](/wiki/Matt_Asiata \"Matt Asiata\") and [Jerick McKinnon](/wiki/Jerick_McKinnon \"Jerick McKinnon\") had seven runs of 20 yards or more, and the latter averaged 5\\.0 yards per carry. In the passing game, the Vikings struggled without tight end [Kyle Rudolph](/wiki/Kyle_Rudolph \"Kyle Rudolph\"), but he made his return in week eleven. Rookie quarterback [Teddy Bridgewater](/wiki/Teddy_Bridgewater \"Teddy Bridgewater\") was average in terms of accuracy and arm strength, having completed 53\\.9 percent of his passes, including 66 percent on third down, and while [Greg Jennings](/wiki/Greg_Jennings \"Greg Jennings\") had caught 60 percent of targets, [Cordarrelle Patterson](/wiki/Cordarrelle_Patterson \"Cordarrelle Patterson\") only caught 46 percent. The Vikings' third down offense also struggled without Rudolph and Peterson, with a 36\\.5 conversion percentage, and at the line, [Matt Kalil](/wiki/Matt_Kalil \"Matt Kalil\") had allowed a league\\-high 12 sacks. Both teams had struggled in moving the ball downfield, with the Bears and Vikings having 32 and 33 drives start inside their own 20\\-yard lines, respectively, and the latter being the second\\-most in the NFL. On such drives, Chicago had a touchdown, 14 points, and six turnovers, while Minnesota had no touchdowns, 6 points, and four turnovers.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/14/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-vikings/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Vikings\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=November 14, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} Josh Morgan, Terrance Mitchell, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, Jordan Mills, Trevor Scott, and Blake Annen were the Bears' inactive players.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Vikings/6a107f28\\-7c9d\\-479f\\-b173\\-d7f29d81b172\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Vikings\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 16, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119053914/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Vikings/6a107f28\\-7c9d\\-479f\\-b173\\-d7f29d81b172\\|archive\\-date\\=November 19, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\nThe Bears won the toss, and elected to defer. On their opening drive, the Vikings scored on [Blair Walsh](/wiki/Blair_Walsh \"Blair Walsh\")'s 50\\-yard field goal. During the Bears' next drive, a play was whistled dead because Minnesota wanted to challenge whether a previous play was a fumble, and when Cutler voiced his complaints to the referees, he was penalized 15 yards for unsportsmanlike conduct;{{cite web\\|last\\=Fogel\\|first\\=Anna\\|url\\=http://nesn.com/2014/11/jay\\-cutler\\-freaks\\-out\\-on\\-refs\\-gets\\-flagged\\-for\\-yelling\\-at\\-them\\-gif/\\|title\\=Jay Cutler Freaks Out On Refs, Gets Flagged For Yelling At Them (GIF)\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[New England Sports Network]]\\|date\\=November 16, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 3, 2014}} the ruling eventually stood, costing the Vikings their first timeout. The Bears later attempted to tie the score with Robbie Gould's 47\\-yard field goal, but missed the kick wide right.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-readReact/Read\\-and\\-React\\-Bears\\-Vikings/7d41ad8f\\-9c1d\\-408b\\-a8e8\\-6432f1a4dd1c\\|title\\=Read and React: Bears\\-Vikings\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 16, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 1, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204083442/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-readReact/Read\\-and\\-React\\-Bears\\-Vikings/7d41ad8f\\-9c1d\\-408b\\-a8e8\\-6432f1a4dd1c\\|archive\\-date\\=December 4, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} Later in the quarter, the Vikings extended their lead by ten with Bridgewater's seven\\-yard touchdown pass to [Rhett Ellison](/wiki/Rhett_Ellison \"Rhett Ellison\").{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554340\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Minnesota Vikings vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 1, 2014}} The Bears' next drive lasted into the second quarter, and ended on the fourth play of the quarter with Cutler's 27\\-yard touchdown pass to Alshon Jeffery. After both teams exchanged punts, the Bears were pinned on their own 27\\-yard line after a 20\\-yard illegal block penalty on [Christian Jones](/wiki/Christian_Jones_%28American_football%29 \"Christian Jones (American football)\"). However, the Bears were able to reach the Vikings' 44\\-yard line, where Cutler threw a touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall, who outjumped Robinson for the catch; the score gave the Bears the 14–10 lead, the first time the Bears had led since week six against the Falcons, snapping a 207\\-minute, 11 second lead\\-less streak. After the Vikings punted again, the Bears' final possession of the first half ended after three plays: with 15 seconds remaining, the Bears called their final timeout of the half, and on the next play, Cutler was intercepted by [Xavier Rhodes](/wiki/Xavier_Rhodes \"Xavier Rhodes\") on a long pass to Jeffery. Bridgewater kneeled once to end the half. In the second half, the Bears started on their own 17\\-yard line, but reached the Vikings' one\\-yard line on 12 plays. On 4th and 1, Cutler attempted a [quarterback sweep](/wiki/Sweep_%28American_football%29%23QB_sweep \"Sweep (American football)#QB sweep\"), but was tackled for no gain by [Tom Johnson](/wiki/Tom_Johnson_%28defensive_tackle%2C_born_1984%29 \"Tom Johnson (defensive tackle, born 1984)\"). After the Vikings punted, the Bears' following drive was ended when Cutler, attempting to avoid pressure from Johnson, had his pass for Martellus Bennett intercepted by [Harrison Smith](/wiki/Harrison_Smith \"Harrison Smith\"), who returned the pick 52 yards to the Chicago 27\\-yard line. However, the Vikings failed to capitalize on the takeaway, and at the Bears' 20\\-yard line, Walsh's field goal sailed wide right. The Bears' responding drive went into the final quarter, and ended with Cutler's four\\-yard touchdown pass to Marshall, killing 7:35 on the game clock on the possession. Minnesota attempted to respond with a scoring drive, and drew within eight points with Walsh's 26\\-yard field goal. On Chicago's next drive, the offense ran exclusively running plays for Matt Forte, which forced the Vikings to use all three of their timeouts, and the Bears would later be forced to punt, ending a drive that burned 2:01 off the clock. On the Vikings' first play of their final drive, Bridgewater was sacked by Willie Young for a five\\-yard loss, though the clock was stopped by the [two\\-minute warning](/wiki/Two-minute_warning \"Two-minute warning\"). The Vikings then recorded two consecutive first downs on Bridgewater's passes of 21 and 14 yards to [Charles Johnson](/wiki/Charles_Johnson_%28wide_receiver%2C_born_1989%29 \"Charles Johnson (wide receiver, born 1989)\") and McKinnon, respectively, and the next pass to Johnson resulted in a seven\\-yard gain to the Bears' 36\\-yard line. With less than a minute remaining, Bridgewater attempted to throw a pass to Johnson in the endzone, but was intercepted by Ryan Mundy. Cutler kneeled once to seal the 21–13 victory.",
"The win was the first at Soldier Field for the Bears of the 2014 season, and the first in eleven months, dating back to the October 9, 2013 game against the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/2013_Dallas_Cowboys_season \"2013 Dallas Cowboys season\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Durkin\\|first\\=Dan\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/15/durkins\\-preview\\-bears\\-vikings/\\|title\\=Durkin's Preview: Bears\\-Vikings\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=November 15, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}}",
"#### Week 12: vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\=background\\-color:\\#03182f; color:\\#df6108; border:2px solid \\#df6108; text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Twelve: Tampa Bay Buccaneers at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=November 23\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:00 p.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\=Buccaneers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=10\\|R3\\=0\\|R4\\=3\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\='''Bears'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=0\\|H2\\=0\\|H3\\=21\\|H4\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=61,109\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|54\\|F\\|C}}, cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Walt Coleman]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=Fox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=Thom Brennaman, David Diehl and Laura Okmin\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014112302/2014/REG12/buccaneers@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56334/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*No scoring\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*TB – \\[\\[Mike Evans (wide receiver)\\|Mike Evans]] 19 yard pass from \\[\\[Josh McCown]], \\[\\[Patrick Murray (American football)\\|Patrick Murray]] XP good, 13:24 (TB 7–0\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 46 yards, 3:15'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*TB – Patrick Murray 32 yard field goal, 0:04 (TB 10–0\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 74 yards, 1:44'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 2 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 10:33 (TB 10–7\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 58 yards, 3:28'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]] 13 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 4:51 (CHI 14–10\\). '''Drive: 1 play, 13 yards, 0:06'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Matt Forte 1 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 3:02 (CHI 21–10\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 15 yards, 1:36'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*TB – Patrick Murray 39 yard field goal, 4:56 (CHI 21–13\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 51 yards, 2:55'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* TB – \\[\\[Josh McCown]], 25/48, 341 yards, 1 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 17/27, 130 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* TB – \\[\\[Doug Martin (running back)\\|Doug Martin]], 11 carries, 27 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 23 carries, 89 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* TB – \\[\\[Louis Murphy]], 6 receptions, 113 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – Matt Forte, 5 receptions, 23 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* TB – \\[\\[Mason Foster]], 7 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Ryan Mundy]], 6 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\nThe Bears' game against the 2–8 [Tampa Bay Buccaneers](/wiki/2014_Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers_season \"2014 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season\") marked the return of Bucs head coach [Lovie Smith](/wiki/Lovie_Smith \"Lovie Smith\"), who had served as Bears [head coach](/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Bears_head_coaches \"List of Chicago Bears head coaches\") from 2004 to 2012; his staff also featured seven former Bears' assistants: special teams coordinator [Kevin O'Dea](/wiki/Kevin_O%27Dea \"Kevin O'Dea\"), cornerbacks coach [Gill Byrd](/wiki/Gill_Byrd \"Gill Byrd\"), wide receiver coach [Andrew Hayes\\-Stoker](/wiki/Andrew_Hayes-Stoker \"Andrew Hayes-Stoker\"), linebackers coach [Hardy Nickerson](/wiki/Hardy_Nickerson \"Hardy Nickerson\"), defensive line assistant [Mike Phair](/wiki/Mike_Phair \"Mike Phair\"), safeties coach [Mikal Smith](/wiki/Mikal_Smith \"Mikal Smith\"), and running backs coach [Tim Spencer](/wiki/Tim_Spencer_%28American_football%29 \"Tim Spencer (American football)\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-to\\-face\\-ex\\-players\\-coaches/94e5b9cf\\-b115\\-4f3e\\-83cb\\-9d0de8071bcc\\|title\\=Bears to face ex\\-players, coaches\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=April 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=April 24, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424211609/http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-to\\-face\\-ex\\-players\\-coaches/94e5b9cf\\-b115\\-4f3e\\-83cb\\-9d0de8071bcc\\|archive\\-date\\=April 24, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} The Bucs also featured three former Bears starters in quarterback [Josh McCown](/wiki/Josh_McCown \"Josh McCown\"), cornerback Isaiah Frey, and safety [Major Wright](/wiki/Major_Wright \"Major Wright\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/21/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-bucs/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Bucs\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=November 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} The Bears entered the game leading the all\\-time series 36–18, and won the last meeting 24–18 in [2011](/wiki/2011_Chicago_Bears_season \"2011 Chicago Bears season\").{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=chi\\&tm2\\=tam\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs Tampa Bay Buccaneers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 4, 2014}} The Bears' 13th\\-ranked offense (19th rushing and 10th passing) had to prepare for a 27th\\-ranked Tampa Bay defense (22nd rushing and 30th passing){{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-set\\-to\\-host\\-Buccaneers\\-today/827e112d\\-1751\\-4dc2\\-9627\\-102d52352ebe\\|title\\=Bears set to host Buccaneers today\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=March 30, 2015\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402144043/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-set\\-to\\-host\\-Buccaneers\\-today/827e112d\\-1751\\-4dc2\\-9627\\-102d52352ebe\\|archive\\-date\\=April 2, 2015\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} that was tied for fourth in forcing plays of negative yardage with 75, 45 of which were runs, the third\\-most in the league. To prevent such incidents, the team would have to contain [Gerald McCoy](/wiki/Gerald_McCoy \"Gerald McCoy\") and [Lavonte David](/wiki/Lavonte_David \"Lavonte David\"), who recorded three pick\\-sixes (tied for the most in the league),{{cite web\\|last\\=Kaberon\\|first\\=Eli\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/By\\-The\\-Numbers\\-Week\\-12/76e62088\\-c706\\-43bf\\-9bdc\\-7c63394d0898\\|title\\=By The Numbers: Week 12\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 20, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=March 30, 2015\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234758/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/By\\-The\\-Numbers\\-Week\\-12/76e62088\\-c706\\-43bf\\-9bdc\\-7c63394d0898\\|archive\\-date\\=April 2, 2015\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} 15 turnovers and 45 points on these plays. On defense, the Bears would have to apply pressure: when blitzed, the Buccaneers' quarterbacks have the second\\-worst statistics in the league, consisting of a 57\\.6 passer rating, four touchdowns, seven interceptions (McCown being responsible for four) and nine sacks. While the Bears' pass defense is ranked 15th compared to Tampa's 19th\\-ranked passing attack, and the cornerbacks are undersized compared to the Bucs' receiving tandem of [Mike Evans](/wiki/Mike_Evans_%28wide_receiver%29 \"Mike Evans (wide receiver)\") and [Vincent Jackson](/wiki/Vincent_Jackson \"Vincent Jackson\"), both of whom are {{Height\\|ft\\=6\\|in\\=5}},{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/players/E/EvanMi00\\.htm\\|title\\=Mike Evans\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=March 30, 2015}}{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/players/J/JackVi00\\.htm\\|title\\=Vincent Jackson\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=March 30, 2015}} the defensive backs are accustomed to such disadvantages in practice. Rushing\\-wise, Tampa was struggling productively, being ranked 28th, and had the NFL's second\\-least carries, and averaged only 3\\.2 yards on first down. ESPN, Yahoo!, *USA Today*, Fox Sports, and CBS Sports' majority panels predicted a Bears victory.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/The\\-Pick\\-is\\-in\\-Bears\\-vs\\-Buccaneers/751776e3\\-5f43\\-4874\\-aea3\\-6cb3a2dbd6d2\\|title\\=The Pick is in: Bears vs. Buccaneers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=March 30, 2015\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234804/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/The\\-Pick\\-is\\-in\\-Bears\\-vs\\-Buccaneers/751776e3\\-5f43\\-4874\\-aea3\\-6cb3a2dbd6d2\\|archive\\-date\\=April 2, 2015\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} Terrance Mitchell, Khaseem Greene, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, Jordan Mills, Trevor Scott and Chris Williams were inactive.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Buccaneers/6dee2c86\\-d744\\-42d5\\-ab35\\-9c8a0f5bda74\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Buccaneers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=March 30, 2015\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234802/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Buccaneers/6dee2c86\\-d744\\-42d5\\-ab35\\-9c8a0f5bda74\\|archive\\-date\\=April 2, 2015\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"The Buccaneers won the coin toss, but decided to kickoff. After the Bears went three\\-and\\-out, [Marcus Thigpen](/wiki/Marcus_Thigpen \"Marcus Thigpen\") muffed the ensuing punt but recovered. Tampa turned the ball over anyway when McCown was intercepted by Chris Conte, though Jay Cutler was also responsible for a turnover of his own after being hit by McCoy and fumbling with [Clinton McDonald](/wiki/Clinton_McDonald \"Clinton McDonald\").{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554333\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Tampa Bay Buccaneers vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=March 30, 2015}} McCown later connected with Evans for a 19\\-yard touchdown.{{cite web\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Associated Press\\|AP]]\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/23/bears\\-rally\\-for\\-21\\-13\\-victory\\-over\\-buccaneers/\\|title\\=Bears Rally For 21\\-13 Victory Over Buccaneers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=November 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 22, 2019}} After two drives of punts, Robbie Gould missed a 54\\-yard field goal while [Patrick Murray](/wiki/Patrick_Murray_%28American_football%29 \"Patrick Murray (American football)\") made a 32\\-yard kick. The Bears improved in the second half as Cutler threw a two\\-yard score to Alshon Jeffery, followed by two Forte touchdowns for 21 unanswered points. The Bucs would commit three turnovers in the second half as McCown lost a fumble on a David Bass sack and threw an interception to Ryan Mundy, and Jackson was stripped by Tim Jennings. Tampa added a 39\\-yard field goal in the fourth quarter, but could not rally as the Bears won.",
"The Bears were the second team in 2014 to win despite recording less than 205 total yards.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/they\\-said\\-it\\-bears\\-buccaneers\\-14426606\\|title\\=They said it: Bears\\-Buccaneers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 24, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 22, 2019}}",
"#### Week 13: at Detroit Lions",
"[Thanksgiving Day game](/wiki/NFL_on_Thanksgiving_Day \"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\")\n* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Thirteen: Chicago Bears at Detroit Lions – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\={{tooltip\\|November 27\\|Thursday}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:30 p.m. EST/11:30 a.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=14\\|R2\\=0\\|R3\\=3\\|R4\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\='''Lions'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=3\\|H2\\=21\\|H3\\=0\\|H4\\=10\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[Ford Field]], \\[\\[Detroit\\|Detroit, Michigan]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=64,175\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\=Played indoors (dome stadium)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Bill Vinovich]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=CBS\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Jim Nantz]], \\[\\[Phil Simms]] and \\[\\[Tracy Wolfson]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014112700/2014/REG13/bears@lions Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56346/DET\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 10 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 10:33 (CHI 7–0\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 55 yards, 2:47'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – \\[\\[Matt Prater]] 46 yard field goal, 6:51 (CHI 7–3\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 52 yards, 3:42'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Alshon Jeffery 6 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 3:35 (CHI 14–3\\). '''Drive: 2 plays, 5 yards, 0:43'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – \\[\\[Calvin Johnson]] 25 yard pass from \\[\\[Matthew Stafford]], Matt Prater XP good, 12:55 (CHI 14–10\\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 78 yards, 5:40'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – \\[\\[Joique Bell]] 1 yard run, Matt Prater XP good, 3:18 (DET 17–14\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 86 yards, 4:28'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – Calvin Johnson 6 yard pass from Matthew Stafford, Matt Prater XP good, 0:24 (DET 24–14\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 64 yards, 1:21'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 35 yard field goal, 8:54 (DET 24–17\\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 64 yards, 6:06'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – Joique Bell 1 yard run, 14:57 (DET 31–17\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 95 yards, 6:01'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – Matt Prater 40 yard field goal, 6:16 (DET 34–17\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 20 yards, 3:13'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 31/48, 280 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[Matthew Stafford]], 34/45, 390 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Ka'Deem Carey]], 2 carries, 8 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[Joique Bell]], 23 carries, 91 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]], 9 receptions, 71 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[Calvin Johnson]], 11 receptions, 146 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Ryan Mundy]], 11 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[DeAndre Levy]], 10 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\nThe Bears played their first [Thanksgiving Day](/wiki/NFL_on_Thanksgiving_Day \"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\") game in ten seasons against the 7–4 [Detroit Lions](/wiki/2014_Detroit_Lions_season \"2014 Detroit Lions season\"). The two [rivals](/wiki/Bears-Lions_rivalry \"Bears-Lions rivalry\") have played 15 games on Thanksgiving, with Chicago holding the lead 8–7, but the Bears have been 1–4 in their last five Thanksgiving Day games, the most recent win coming in [1993](/wiki/1993_Chicago_Bears_season \"1993 Chicago Bears season\") against the Lions. The previous Thanksgiving game for the Bears was a 21–7 loss to the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys \"Dallas Cowboys\") in [2004](/wiki/2004_Chicago_Bears_season \"2004 Chicago Bears season\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Wright\\|first\\=Michael C.\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\\_/id/4691771/chicago\\-bears\\-schedule\\-analysis\\|title\\=Chicago Bears schedule analysis\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=April 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=April 23, 2014}} The Lions entered the game with one of the best run defenses in the league that allowed fewer than 71 yards per game and a league\\-best 3\\.2 per carry; Detroit's defense also led the league in negative\\-yardage rushing plays with 16\\.7 percent. Jeff Joniak wrote \"running on the edges of the Lions defense with the tackle sweeps and toss plays to Matt Forte could prove to be effective\" in defeating them. Offensively, Joniak noted the Lions were similar to the Bears in featuring elements of the [New Orleans Saints](/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints \"New Orleans Saints\") in their offensive thanks to coordinator [Joe Lombardi](/wiki/Joe_Lombardi \"Joe Lombardi\")'s ties to the team. Although the Lions had failed to score a touchdown in eight consecutive quarters entering thirteen, running back [Reggie Bush](/wiki/Reggie_Bush \"Reggie Bush\") made his return to the team from injury. Overall, Joniak concluded the Bears had to capitalize on the Lions' two\\-game losing streak to win.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/26/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-lions/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Lions\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=November 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} Terrance Mitchell, Darryl Sharpton, Lance Briggs, Eben Britton, Trevor Scott, Chris Williams, and Jeremiah Ratliff sat out the game.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\\-inactives\\-bears\\-lions\\-14450798\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Lions\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 27, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 24, 2019\\|archive\\-date\\=December 23, 2019\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223215221/https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\\-inactives\\-bears\\-lions\\-14450798\\|url\\-status\\=dead}}",
"Chicago, who had struggled in the first quarter as they were outscored 41–0 in the period in their last six games, saw early success as they forced a Detroit punt before scoring on their opening drive with Jay Cutler's ten\\-yard touchdown to Alshon Jeffery.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\\-start\\-quick\\-but\\-stumble\\-to\\-loss\\-14452564\\|title\\=Bears start quick, but stumble to loss\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 27, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} [Matt Prater](/wiki/Matt_Prater \"Matt Prater\") made a 46\\-yard field goal, but a [Jared Allen](/wiki/Jared_Allen \"Jared Allen\") forced fumble on [Matthew Stafford](/wiki/Matthew_Stafford \"Matthew Stafford\") led to Cutler throwing a six\\-yard score to Jeffery to put the Bears up 14–3\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554281\\|title\\=Bears vs. Lions – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} However, the Lions responded with 21 consecutive points in the second quarter with two Stafford touchdown throws to [Calvin Johnson](/wiki/Calvin_Johnson \"Calvin Johnson\") and a [Joique Bell](/wiki/Joique_Bell \"Joique Bell\") run, completing series of 78, 86, and 64 yards. Chicago attempted to respond with a 63\\-yard drive that ended with Robbie Gould's 35\\-yard kick, but the Lions engineered a 95\\-yard possession with Bell's one\\-yard score in the fourth quarter. Trailing 31–17, the Bears switched to a vertical passing attack, only for Cutler's pass to Brandon Marshall to be tipped by [Darius Slay](/wiki/Darius_Slay \"Darius Slay\") and intercepted by [Glover Quin](/wiki/Glover_Quin \"Glover Quin\"), which set up a 40\\-yard kick by Prater. Getting the ball with 1:55 remaining in the game, the Bears reached the Lions' 14\\-yard line before Cutler was picked off by [James Ihedigbo](/wiki/James_Ihedigbo \"James Ihedigbo\") on the final play.",
"#### Week 14: vs. Dallas Cowboys",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Fourteen: Dallas Cowboys at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\={{tooltip\\|December 4\\|Thursday}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=7:25 p.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Cowboys'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=14\\|R3\\=21\\|R4\\=6\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=0\\|H2\\=7\\|H3\\=0\\|H4\\=21\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=61,558\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|35\\|F\\|C}}, cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Ed Hochuli]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=\\[\\[Thursday Night Football\\|NFLN]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=Jim Nantz, Phil Simms and Tracy Wolfson\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014120400/2014/REG14/cowboys@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56362/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*No scoring\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – \\[\\[DeMarco Murray]] 1 yard rush, \\[\\[Dan Bailey (American football)\\|Dan Bailey]] XP good, 10:50 (DAL 7–0\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 51 yards, 5:53'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]] 12 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Jay Feely]] XP good, 6:13 (TIE 7–7\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 80 yards, 4:37'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – \\[\\[Cole Beasley]] 13 yard pass from Tony Romo, Dan Bailey XP good, 0:08 (DAL 14–7\\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 72 yards, 6:05'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – Cole Beasley 24 yard pass from Tony Romo, Dan Bailey XP good, 12:32 (DAL 21–7\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 31 yards, 1:27'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – \\[\\[Gavin Escobar]] 6 yard pass from Tony Romo, Dan Bailey XP good, 8:02 (DAL 28–7\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 56 yards, 2:14'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – \\[\\[Joseph Randle]] 17 yard run, Dan Bailey XP good, 2:09 (DAL 35–7\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 68 yards, 3:17'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 27 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Jay Feely XP blocked, 14:52 (DAL 35–13\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 76 yards, 2:17'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – Dan Bailey 35 yard field goal, 12:35 (DAL 38–13\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 31 yards, 2:17'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]] 1 yard run, Matt Forte run for two\\-point conversion, 7:17 (DAL 38–21\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 67 yards, 5:18'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – Jay Cutler 10 yard rush, Jay Feely XP good, 6:09 (DAL 38–28\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 67 yards, 5:18'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – Dan Bailey 27 yard field goal, 3:41 (DAL 41–28\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 50 yards, 1:08'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – \\[\\[Tony Romo]], 21/26, 205 yards, 3 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 32/46, 341 yards, 2 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – \\[\\[DeMarco Murray]], 32 carries, 179 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 13 carries, 26 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – DeMarco Murray, 9 receptions, 49 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]], 12 receptions, 84 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – \\[\\[Rolando McClain]], 10 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jon Bostic]], 5 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOn Thursday night, the Bears and [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/2014_Dallas_Cowboys_season \"2014 Dallas Cowboys season\") met for the 25th time in week fourteen. The Bears had won the last three meetings between the two, including a 45–28 victory in 2013\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=dal\\&tm2\\=chi\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=Boxscore finder: Dallas Cowboys vs Chicago Bears\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} In his pre\\-game preview, Jeff Joniak described the upcoming game as \"tug of war with the clock\" as both teams sought to control time of possession: in 2014, the Bears were ranked tenth in time of possession, while the Cowboys were ahead in fifth, and in their 2013 game, the Bears held the ball for 36 minutes. The Cowboys defense also struggled on first down, being ranked 29th in the NFL with 4\\.9 yards per carry allowed on such downs. Conversely, Dallas' offense featured one of the top offensive lines as [DeMarco Murray](/wiki/DeMarco_Murray \"DeMarco Murray\") led the league in carries and rushing yards, while quarterback [Tony Romo](/wiki/Tony_Romo \"Tony Romo\") had just eight interceptions and a passer rating of 125 against blitzes. However, the Cowboys had lost 12 of 18 fumbles, a weakness that Joniak emphasized.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/04/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-cowboys/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Cowboys\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=December 4, 2019\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} Robbie Gould, who suffered a quad injury, was among the seven Bears inactive for the games as he joined Terrance Mitchell, Khaseem Greene, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, Jeremiah Ratliff, and Cornelius Washington.{{cite web\\|last\\=Durkin\\|first\\=Dan\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/04/bears\\-cowboys\\-gould\\-ratliff\\-inactive/\\|title\\=Bears\\-Cowboys: Gould, Ratliff Inactive\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=December 4, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} To take Gould's place, the Bears signed [Jay Feely](/wiki/Jay_Feely \"Jay Feely\"), who made 30 of 36 kicks in 2013 with the [Arizona Cardinals](/wiki/2013_Arizona_Cardinals_season \"2013 Arizona Cardinals season\").{{cite web\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/03/with\\-robbie\\-gould\\-injured\\-bears\\-sign\\-kicker\\-jay\\-feely/\\|title\\=With Robbie Gould Injured, Bears Sign Kicker Jay Feely\\|work\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=December 3, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}}\nFour consecutive punts and a scoreless first quarter began the game before both teams traded touchdowns: after Murray scored a one\\-yard touchdown run, Jay Cutler threw a 12\\-yard score to Martellus Bennett, which Dallas answered on Romo's 13\\-yard pass to [Cole Beasley](/wiki/Cole_Beasley \"Cole Beasley\").{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554349\\|title\\=Cowboys vs. Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} In the third quarter, the Cowboys scored three touchdowns to complete a 13\\-minute stretch between the second and third periods in which they scored 28 unanswered points:{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\\-fall\\-to\\-5\\-8\\-with\\-loss\\-to\\-cowboys\\-14505909\\|title\\=Bears fall to 5\\-8 with loss to Cowboys\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=December 4, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} after Matt Forte lost a fumble to [Sterling Moore](/wiki/Sterling_Moore \"Sterling Moore\"), Romo threw a 24\\-yard touchdown to Beasley, followed by a six\\-yard touchdown pass to [Gavin Escobar](/wiki/Gavin_Escobar \"Gavin Escobar\") and [Joseph Randle](/wiki/Joseph_Randle \"Joseph Randle\")'s 17\\-yard touchdown run. The Bears opened the fourth quarter with Cutler's 27\\-yard touchdown to Alshon Jeffery, though Feely's extra point was blocked. Chicago then attempted an onside kick that Beasley recovered, with [Anthony Walters](/wiki/Anthony_Walters_%28American_football%29 \"Anthony Walters (American football)\") suffering an offside penalty. The Cowboys would drive to the Bears' 17 where [Dan Bailey](/wiki/Dan_Bailey_%28American_football%29 \"Dan Bailey (American football)\") converted a 35\\-yard field goal. Forte later ran for a one\\-yard touchdown and scored on the two\\-point conversion; the Bears' Dante Rosario recovered the ensuing onside for the team's first successful onside kick since [2003](/wiki/2003_Chicago_Bears_season \"2003 Chicago Bears season\").{{cite news\\|last\\=Biggs\\|first\\=Brad\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\\-brad\\-biggs\\-thoughts\\-bears\\-cowboys\\-20141205\\-story.html\\|title\\=Brad Biggs' 10 thoughts after Bears' loss to Cowboys\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=December 5, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 5, 2014}} Assisted by a roughing the passer penalty on [Tyrone Crawford](/wiki/Tyrone_Crawford \"Tyrone Crawford\"), the Chicago offense reached the Dallas ten, where Cutler ran for the score. A third onside kick attempt failed as DeDe Lattimore was penalized for being offsides and [Dez Bryant](/wiki/Dez_Bryant \"Dez Bryant\") recovered; Bailey later made a 27\\-yard kick. Down 41–28, the Bears attempted to rally and reached the Cowboys' red zone before Cutler was intercepted by [Orlando Scandrick](/wiki/Orlando_Scandrick \"Orlando Scandrick\") in the end zone.",
"The Cowboys ended the game with scores on seven consecutive drives, with three exceptions being the first two punts and the final possession in which Romo kneeled twice to end the game.",
"With the Lions' win over the Buccaneers three days later, the Bears were officially eliminated from playoff contention.{{cite news\\|last\\=Campbell\\|first\\=Rich\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\\-bears\\-eliminated\\-playoffs\\-20141207\\-story.html\\|title\\=Bears eliminated from playoff contention\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=December 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 7, 2014}}",
"#### Week 15: vs. New Orleans Saints",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Fifteen: New Orleans Saints at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\={{tooltip\\|December 15\\|Monday}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=7:30 p.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Saints'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=14\\|R3\\=10\\|R4\\=7\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=0\\|H2\\=0\\|H3\\=0\\|H4\\=15\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=60,996\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|44\\|F\\|C}}, rain showers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=Carl Cheffers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=ESPN\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=Mike Tirico, Jon Gruden and Lisa Salters\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014121500/2014/REG15/saints@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56393/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*No scoring\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – \\[\\[Josh Hill (American football)\\|Josh Hill]] 8 yard pass from \\[\\[Drew Brees]], \\[\\[Shayne Graham]] XP good, 14:52 (NO 7–0\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 85 yards, 4:03'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – \\[\\[Marques Colston]] 9 yard pass from Drew Brees, Shayne Graham XP good, 0:32 (NO 14–0\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 95 yards, 3:30'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – Josh Hill 7 yard pass from Drew Brees, Shayne Graham XP good, 8:35 (NO 21–0\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 80 yards, 6:25'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – Shayne Graham 25 yard field goal, 0:16 (NO 24–0\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 49 yards, 3:05'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Marquess Wilson]] 1 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], Jay Cutler to \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]] for two\\-point conversion, 12:47 (NO 24–8\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 56 yards, 2:29'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – \\[\\[Mark Ingram II]] 15 yard run, Shayne Graham XP good, 1:47 (NO 31–8\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 23 yards, 1:00'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 7 yard pass from Jay Cutler, \\[\\[Jay Feely]] XP good, 0:30 (NO 31–15\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 71 yards, 1:17'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – \\[\\[Drew Brees]], 29/36, 375 yards, 3 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 17/31, 194 yards, 2 TD, 3 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – \\[\\[Mark Ingram II]], 17 carries, 59 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 16 carries, 78 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – \\[\\[Jimmy Graham]], 5 receptions, 87 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]], 4 receptions, 78 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – \\[\\[John Jenkins (defensive tackle)\\|John Jenkins]], 7 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Christian Jones (American football)\\|Christian Jones]], 8 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWeek fifteen saw a battle of 5–8 teams as the Bears hosted the [New Orleans Saints](/wiki/2014_New_Orleans_Saints_season \"2014 New Orleans Saints season\"); the Bears entered the game with a 15–13 advantage in the all\\-time series, though they dropped their last meeting in 2013 26–18\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=chi\\&tm2\\=nor\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=All Matchups, Chicago Bears vs. New Orleans Saints\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} With the Saints allowing 271 rushing yards in their previous game against the [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/2014_Carolina_Panthers_season \"2014 Carolina Panthers season\") and 183 rushing yards per game in the last five weeks, Jeff Joniak stressed a run\\-heavy offense with Matt Forte who had just 18 combined carries and 31 total yards in his last two games. The Saints defense was also allowing 398 yards per game and eight yards per pass, among the worst in the NFL, while their 359 total points allowed were the second\\-most in the NFC behind the Bears' 378\\. For the Bears defense, Joniak focused on containing [Mark Ingram II](/wiki/Mark_Ingram_II \"Mark Ingram II\"), who had four 100\\-yard rushing games in 2014, and [Drew Brees](/wiki/Drew_Brees \"Drew Brees\"), who was completing 69\\.3 percent of his throws and was close to breaking 4,000 passing yards for the ninth straight year.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/14/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-saints/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Saints\\|date\\=December 14, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} Chris Conte, Robbie Gould, [Michael Ola](/wiki/Michael_Ola \"Michael Ola\"), Trevor Scott, David Fales, Brandon Dunn, and Terrance Mitchell were inactive.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/15/bears\\-saints\\-inactives\\-gould\\-conte\\-are\\-out/\\|title\\=Bears\\-Saints Inactives: Gould, Conte Are Out\\|work\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=December 15, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}}\nAfter a scoreless first quarter in which Jay Cutler was intercepted by [Patrick Robinson](/wiki/Patrick_Robinson_%28cornerback%29 \"Patrick Robinson (cornerback)\") on the opening drive, [Nick Toon](/wiki/Nick_Toon \"Nick Toon\") lost a fumble to Jared Allen, and [Shayne Graham](/wiki/Shayne_Graham \"Shayne Graham\") missed a 51\\-yard field goal, the Saints scored 24 unanswered points across the second and third quarters. The points came via Brees' eight\\- and nine\\-yard touchdown throws to [Josh Hill](/wiki/Josh_Hill_%28American_football%29 \"Josh Hill (American football)\") and [Marques Colston](/wiki/Marques_Colston \"Marques Colston\") in the second, followed a second Brees\\-to\\-Hill score for seven yards and Graham's 25\\-yard kick in the third.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554427\\|title\\=Saints vs. Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} Against a blitz\\-heavy Saints defense, Cutler was sacked a season\\-high seven times as the offense recorded just 278 total yards.{{cite web\\|last\\=Kaberon\\|first\\=Eli\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\\-struggles\\-on\\-offense\\-continue\\-14589029\\|title\\=Bears struggles on offense continue\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=December 15, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019\\|archive\\-date\\=December 24, 2019\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224042411/https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\\-struggles\\-on\\-offense\\-continue\\-14589029\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} He was also intercepted two more times by [Pierre Warren](/wiki/Pierre_Warren \"Pierre Warren\") in the second and third quarters. During the first quarter, on 4th\\-and\\-3 from their own 39 and with only ten players on the field, the Bears attempted to fake the punt by directly snapping to Danny McCray; McCray would gain only two yards on the play. The Bears were then penalized for not having seven players on the line of scrimmage, missing a lineman.{{cite news\\|last\\=Biggs\\|first\\=Brad\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\\-biggs\\-10\\-thoughts\\-bears\\-saints\\-20141216\\-story.html\\|title\\=10 thoughts after Bears' loss to Saints\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=December 16, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 29, 2014}} {{subscription required\\|date\\=December 2014}} Chicago would not score points until the fourth quarter with a one\\-yard touchdown pass to Marquess Wilson. After the [two\\-minute warning](/wiki/Two-minute_warning \"Two-minute warning\"), Ingram recorded a 15\\-yard touchdown run, which the Bears answered with a seven\\-yard throw from Cutler to Alshon Jeffery to complete a 71\\-yard drive. The Saints' [Benjamin Watson](/wiki/Benjamin_Watson \"Benjamin Watson\") recovered the onside to end the game.",
"With the loss, the Bears fell to 5–9, their first losing season since 2009\\.",
"#### Week 16: vs. Detroit Lions",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Sixteen: Detroit Lions at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=December 21\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:00 p.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Lions'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=7\\|R2\\=0\\|R3\\=3\\|R4\\=10\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=0\\|H2\\=7\\|H3\\=7\\|H4\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=61,420\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|36\\|F\\|C}}, cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Gene Steratore]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=Fox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Joe Buck]], \\[\\[Troy Aikman]] and \\[\\[Erin Andrews]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014122101/2014/REG16/lions@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56398/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – \\[\\[Reggie Bush]] 13 yard run, \\[\\[Matt Prater]] XP good, 5:15 (DET 7–0\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 57 yards, 3:00'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'''Second quarter'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]] 11 yard pass from \\[\\[Jimmy Clausen]], \\[\\[Jay Feely]] XP good, 0:30 (TIE 7–7\\). '''Drive: 1 play, 11 yards, 0:06'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'''Third quarter'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – Matt Prater 39 yard field goal, 10:24 (DET 10–7\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 47 yards, 4:36'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 20 yard pass from Jimmy Clausen, Jay Feely XP good, 7:39\\. (CHI 14–10\\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 80 yards, 7:39'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'''Fourth quarter'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – \\[\\[Joique Bell]] 17 yard run, Matt Prater XP good, 1:05 (DET 17–14\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 73 yards, 1:05'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – Matt Prater 30 yard field goal, 2:59\\. (DET 20–14\\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 43 yards, 2:59'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'''Top passers'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[Matthew Stafford]], 22/39, 243 yards, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jimmy Clausen]], 23/39, 181 yards, 2 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'''Top rushers'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[Joique Bell]], 13 carries, 74 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 19 carries, 55 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'''Top receivers'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[Calvin Johnson]], 6 receptions, 103 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]], 6 receptions, 72 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'''Top tacklers'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[DeAndre Levy]], 6 tackles, 2 assists\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Christian Jones (American football)\\|Christian Jones]], 11 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t[thumb\\|[Jimmy Clausen](/wiki/Jimmy_Clausen \"Jimmy Clausen\") made his first start since his rookie year in 2010 in week sixteen against the Lions](/wiki/File:Jimmy_Clausen_bear2014.jpg \"Jimmy Clausen bear2014.jpg\")\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWith the Bears struggling, Jay Cutler was benched for backup [Jimmy Clausen](/wiki/Jimmy_Clausen \"Jimmy Clausen\") against the Lions in week sixteen; at the time of his benching, Cutler led the league in turnovers with 24\\. It was Clausen's first start since his rookie year with the [2010 Carolina Panthers](/wiki/2010_Carolina_Panthers_season \"2010 Carolina Panthers season\"), during which he went 1–9 as a starter; in 2014, he appeared in three games with the Bears, during which he completed three of nine passes for 42 yards. At the time of his benching, Cutler led the league in turnovers with 24\\.{{cite news\\|last\\=Birkett\\|first\\=Dave\\|url\\=https://www.freep.com/story/sports/nfl/lions/2014/12/17/jimmy\\-clausen/20563521/\\|title\\=Cutler benched; Bears to start Jimmy Clausen vs. Lions\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Detroit Free Press]]\\|date\\=December 17, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}}{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Clausen\\-excited\\-to\\-make\\-first\\-start/9282e1e4\\-2a3a\\-46d7\\-9577\\-9f3baff4d7ba\\|title\\=Clausen excited to make first start\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=December 18, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 29, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219231522/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Clausen\\-excited\\-to\\-make\\-first\\-start/9282e1e4\\-2a3a\\-46d7\\-9577\\-9f3baff4d7ba\\|archive\\-date\\=December 19, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} Robbie Gould, David Fales, Terrance Mitchell, Chris Conte, Kyle Long, Trevor Scott, and Will Sutton were unavailable as all but Mitchell and Scott were dealing with injuries.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\\-inactives\\-bears\\-lions\\-14623818\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Lions\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=December 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019\\|archive\\-date\\=December 24, 2019\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224043612/https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\\-inactives\\-bears\\-lions\\-14623818\\|url\\-status\\=dead}}",
"After two punts, the Lions scored first on Reggie Bush's 13\\-yard touchdown run. Although the Bears drove to Detroit's one\\-yard line, they were unable to score as Clausen's fourth\\-down pass to Eben Britton, who had reported in as an [eligible receiver](/wiki/Eligible_receiver \"Eligible receiver\"), fell incomplete. Chicago would get the ball back on the following series after Matthew Stafford's pass was intercepted by Brock Vereen, but they could not capitalize on the takeaway and punted. Stafford would be intercepted again, this time by Ryan Mundy, at the Bears' one\\-yard line, though the Chicago offense yet again failed to score.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554401\\|title\\=Lions vs. Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} On the ensuing punt, returner [Jeremy Ross](/wiki/Jeremy_Ross \"Jeremy Ross\") muffed the punt at the Lions' 11 and Sherrick McManis recovered. On the next play, Clausen threw an 11\\-yard touchdown to Forte. After Matt Prater made a 39\\-yard field goal on the first drive of the second half, Clausen answered with a 20\\-yard score to Alshon Jeffery to give the Bears the 14–10; the score was aided by a roughing the punter while the Bears were punting on fourth\\-and\\-23\\.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\\-blow\\-fourth\\-quarter\\-lead\\-in\\-loss\\-14628909\\|title\\=Bears blow fourth\\-quarter lead in loss\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=December 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} In the fourth quarter, Prater's 37\\-yard attempt was blocked by Jeremiah Ratliff, but the Lions would score ten unanswered points in the period via Joique Bell's 17\\-yard touchdown run and a 30\\-yard kick by Prater. The go\\-ahead touchdown by Bell was created with help from a defensive pass interference on Tim Jennings while covering [Corey Fuller](/wiki/Corey_Fuller_%28wide_receiver%29 \"Corey Fuller (wide receiver)\"), resulting in a 46\\-yard gain for the Lions. Down by six points with 2:35 remaining, the Bears reached their 45 before Clausen's fourth\\-down throw was intercepted by Glover Quin.",
"Clausen ended his day with 23 of 39 passes completed for 181 yards, two touchdowns, an interception, and a passer rating of 77\\.0\\.{{cite news\\|url\\=https://www.latimes.com/sports/ct\\-bears\\-lions\\-jimmy\\-clausen\\-spt\\-1222\\-20141221\\-story.html\\|title\\=Jimmy Clausen spark goes out quickly as Bears lose 4th straight\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Los Angeles Times]]\\|date\\=December 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019\\|archive\\-date\\=December 24, 2019\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224050048/https://www.latimes.com/sports/ct\\-bears\\-lions\\-jimmy\\-clausen\\-spt\\-1222\\-20141221\\-story.html\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} Prior to the fourth quarter in which he completed just four of ten throws for 25 yards and the pick, he was 19 of 29 for 156 yards and two touchdowns for a 102\\.1 passer rating. He suffered a concussion in the game after a helmet\\-to\\-helmet hit by [Ziggy Ansah](/wiki/Ziggy_Ansah \"Ziggy Ansah\"), forcing him to miss the season finale in Minnesota.{{cite web\\|last\\=Wesseling\\|first\\=Chris\\|url\\=https://www.nfl.com/news/jay\\-cutler\\-to\\-start\\-for\\-bears\\-jimmy\\-clausen\\-concussed\\-0ap3000000448206\\|title\\=Jay Cutler to start for Bears; Jimmy Clausen concussed\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[National Football League]]\\|date\\=December 22, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}}",
"#### Week 17: at Minnesota Vikings",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Seventeen: Chicago Bears at Minnesota Vikings – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=December 28\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:00 p.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=3\\|R3\\=3\\|R4\\=3\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\='''Vikings'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=3\\|H2\\=0\\|H3\\=7\\|H4\\=3\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[TCF Bank Stadium]], \\[\\[Minneapolis, Minnesota]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=52,364\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|15\\|F\\|C}}, cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Jeff Triplette]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=Fox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Dick Stockton]], \\[\\[Brady Quinn]] and Kristina Pink\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014122806/2014/REG17/bears@vikings Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56416/MIN\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIN – \\[\\[Blair Walsh]] 37 yard field goal, 4:59 (MIN 3–0\\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 61 yards, 5:25\\.'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Jay Feely]] 48 yard field goal, 0:55 (TIE 3–3\\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 42 yards, 2:53\\.'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Jay Feely 25 yard field goal, 13:05 (CHI 6–3\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 2 yards, 1:40\\.'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIN – \\[\\[Adam Thielen]] 44 yard pass from \\[\\[Teddy Bridgewater]], \\[\\[Blair Walsh]] XP good, 10:53 (MIN 10–6\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 80 yards, 2:12\\.'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIN – Blair Walsh 44 yard field goal, 11:29\\. (MIN 13–6\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 27 yards, 2:29\\.'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Jay Feely 35 yard field goal, 8:53\\. (MIN 13–9\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 18 yards, 2:36\\.'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 23/36, 172 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIN – \\[\\[Teddy Bridgewater]], 17/25, 209 yards, TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 17 rushes, 51 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIN – \\[\\[Matt Asiata]], 19 rushes, 91 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]], 8 receptions, 59 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIN – \\[\\[Adam Thielen]], 3 receptions, 68 yards, TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWith Jimmy Clausen out, Jay Cutler started the 2014 season finale against the Vikings. In his pre\\-game keys, Jeff Joniak discussed protecting Cutler from Mike Zimmer's blitzes; although Cutler recorded 330 passing yards in their first meeting, he was hit five times, while the Vikings were ranked in the top ten in sacks and forcing offensive linemen to commit holding penalties. On defense, he emphasized the ability to \"compete with fire\" to stop Teddy Bridgewater, who had four straight games with at least 70 percent of his passes completed, and Matt Asiata, who was second in the league with nine rushing touchdowns. Joniak concluded his article by noting the overall message should be maintaining effort as the Bears completed \"one of the most frustrating and perplexing seasons in recent franchise history with unfulfilled expectations devolving into uncertainty for 2015\\.\"{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/26/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-vikings\\-2/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Vikings\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=December 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} Clausen, Robbie Gould, [Al Louis\\-Jean](/wiki/Al_Louis-Jean \"Al Louis-Jean\"), Chris Conte, Charles Leno, [Austen Lane](/wiki/Austen_Lane \"Austen Lane\"), and Brandon Dunn did not dress for the game.{{cite web\\|last\\=Durkin\\|first\\=Dan\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/28/bears\\-vikings\\-inactive\\-list/\\|title\\=Bears\\-Vikings: Inactive List\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=December 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 24, 2019}}\nIn a low\\-scoring affair, the Vikings scored the only points of the first quarter with Blair Walsh's 37\\-yard field goal; Bridgewater had thrown a 35\\-yard touchdown to Greg Jennings early in the drive, but the pass was ruled incomplete. Jay Feely made a 48\\-yard kick on the Bears' final drive of the first half. Every other series in the half ended with a punt.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554437\\|title\\=Bears vs. Vikings – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} The second half began with Bridgewater being intercepted by Kyle Fuller, who returned the pick to Minnesota's nine\\-yard line. However, the offense could not score the touchdown and had to settle for Feely's 25\\-yard field goal. The Vikings answered with a 44\\-yard touchdown pass by Bridgewater to [Adam Thielen](/wiki/Adam_Thielen \"Adam Thielen\"). Following a 44\\-yard field goal by Walsh in the fourth quarter, [Marc Mariani](/wiki/Marc_Mariani \"Marc Mariani\") returned the ensuing kickoff 67 yards to the Vikings' 35, but the offense once again could not capitalize, leading to a 35\\-yard kick by Feely.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\\-drop\\-fifth\\-straight\\-to\\-end\\-season\\-14675765\\|title\\=Bears drop fifth straight to end season\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=December 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} Minnesota would reach Chicago's three on the next series, but were stopped on fourth down; the Bears also suffered the same fate when Cutler's fourth\\-and\\-nine pass to Martellus Bennett fell short by a yard.",
"The offense struggled mightily as the Bears failed to score a touchdown for the first time under Marc Trestman. Although Cutler completed 23 of 36 passes in the game for a career\\-best 66 percent, he had just 172 passing yards and just one pass that exceeded 20 yards.{{cite web\\|last\\=Kaberon\\|first\\=Eli\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\\-offense\\-struggles\\-in\\-season\\-finale\\-14676441\\|title\\=Bears offense struggles in season finale\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=December 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}}",
"With the loss, the Bears ended the season with their fifth consecutive loss, the first such losing streak since [1989](/wiki/1989_Chicago_Bears_season \"1989 Chicago Bears season\"), and their first last\\-place finish in the division since [2007](/wiki/2007_Chicago_Bears_season \"2007 Chicago Bears season\").",
""
] |
### Game summaries
#### Week 1: vs. Buffalo Bills
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week One: Buffalo Bills at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\=September 7
\|time\=12:00 p.m. \[\[Central Time Zone\|CDT]]
\|road\='''Bills'''
\|R1\=7\|R2\=10\|R3\=0\|R4\=3\|R5\=3
\|home\=Bears
\|H1\=7\|H2\=0\|H3\=10\|H4\=3\|H5\=0
\|stadium\=\[\[Soldier Field]], \[\[Chicago]]
\|attendance\=62,425
\|weather\={{convert\|74\|F\|C}}, sunny
\|referee\=\[\[Brad Allen]]
\|TV\=\[\[NFL on Fox\|Fox]]
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Kenny Albert]], \[\[Daryl Johnston]] and \[\[Tony Siragusa]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014090702/2014/REG1/bills@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56173/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]] 12 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 11:35 (CHI 7–0\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 66 yards, 1:55'''
\*BUF – \[\[E. J. Manuel]] 2 yard run, \[\[Dan Carpenter]] XP good, 6:52 (TIE 7–7\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 71 yards, 4:43'''
;Second quarter
\*BUF – Dan Carpenter 50 yard field goal, 8:07 (BUF 10–7\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 14 yards, 3:23'''
\*BUF – \[\[C. J. Spiller]] 7 yard pass from E. J. Manuel, Dan Carpenter XP good, 5:30 (BUF 17–7\). '''Drive: 1 play, 7 yards, 0:06'''
;Third quarter
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 41 yard field goal, 9:34 (BUF 17–10\). '''Drive: 11 plays, 57 yards, 5:26'''
\*CHI – \[\[Brandon Marshall]] 11 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 2:30 (TIE 17–17\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 56 yards, 2:30'''
;Fourth quarter
\*BUF – Dan Carpenter 33 yard field goal, 4:02 (BUF 20–17\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 37 yards, 3:50'''
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 37 yard field goal, 0:30 (TIE 20–20\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 61 yards, 3:32'''
;Overtime
\*BUF – Dan Carpenter 27 yard field goal, 9:46 (BUF 23–20\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 69 yards, 3:34'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* BUF – \[\[E. J. Manuel]], 16/22, 173 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 34/49, 349 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT
;Top rushers
\* BUF – \[\[Fred Jackson (running back)\|Fred Jackson]], 7 carries, 61 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forté]], 17 carries, 82 yards
;Top receivers
\* BUF – \[\[Robert Woods (wide receiver, born 1992\)\|Robert Woods]], 4 receptions, 78 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 8 receptions, 87 yards
;Top tacklers
\* BUF – \[\[Leodis McKelvin]], 13 tackles
\* CHI – \[\[Ryan Mundy]], 6 tackles
}}
[thumb\|The Bears played all of their home games at [Soldier Field](/wiki/Soldier_Field "Soldier Field")](/wiki/File:Soldier_Field_east_side_and_marina.JPG "Soldier Field east side and marina.JPG")
The Bears opened the season at home against the [Buffalo Bills](/wiki/2014_Buffalo_Bills_season "2014 Buffalo Bills season"), who had a record of 6–10 in [2013](/wiki/2013_Buffalo_Bills_season "2013 Buffalo Bills season"). Entering the game, the Bears were 54–35–5 in season openers, the most wins of any team, and they had not lost an opening game since 2009, the most in the NFC and second\-most in the NFL behind the [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots "New England Patriots").{{cite web\|last\=Stoltz\|first\=Jeremy\|url\=http://chi.scout.com/story/1442698\-bears\-bills\-ultimate\-game\-preview\|title\=BEARS\-BILLS ULTIMATE GAME PREVIEW\|publisher\=\[\[Scout.com]]\|date\=September 6, 2014\|access\-date\=September 7, 2014}} The Bears were 7–4 against the Bills, with their last meeting being a 22–19 victory in Toronto in [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season "2010 Chicago Bears season"), while winning 40–7 in the last game between the two at [Soldier Field](/wiki/Soldier_Field "Soldier Field");{{cite web\|last1\=Wright\|first1\=Michael C.\|last2\=Rodak\|first2\=Mike\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\_/id/4694007/chicago\-bears\-vs\-buffalo\-bills\-preview\|title\=Bills vs. Bears preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=September 4, 2014\|access\-date\=September 7, 2014}} the Bears had won all five meetings between the two in Chicago. When comparing the two teams in 2013 statistically, the Bears had the advantage in three offensive categories (points scored, total offense, and passing offense), while the Bills had the second\-best rushing offense, compared to the Bears' 16th\-ranked rushing game. On defense, the Bears were outmatched in all three categories (total defense, rushing defense, and passing defense), but are one spot higher than Buffalo in turnover ratio (\+5 to \+3\). [Scout.com](/wiki/Scout.com "Scout.com")'s Jeremy Stoltz writes that one of the players the Bears must contain is the defensive tackle duo of [Mario Williams](/wiki/Mario_Williams "Mario Williams") and [Marcell Dareus](/wiki/Marcell_Dareus "Marcell Dareus"), who had a combined 139 total tackles, 18\.0 sacks and two forced fumbles during 2013\. While the Bears' offensive line boasted the fourth\-least sacks, none of the five starters played in the preseason. As a result, to combat the rush, the Bears need [Jay Cutler](/wiki/Jay_Cutler "Jay Cutler") to release the ball quickly. For the Bears' defense, Stoltz stated all the Bears needed to do was stop Buffalo's running backs [Fred Jackson](/wiki/Fred_Jackson_%28running_back%29 "Fred Jackson (running back)") and [C. J. Spiller](/wiki/C._J._Spiller "C. J. Spiller"), as the Bills had the second\-best rushing attack in the league. The Bears were favored to win by seven points, the third\-largest spread of the week.{{cite news\|last\=Domin\|first\=Hank\|url\=http://www.syracuse.com/buffalo\-bills/index.ssf/2014/09/updated\_nfl\_week\_1\_point\_sprea.html\|title\=Updated NFL Week 1 point spreads, over/under: Bills still are 7\-point underdog to Bears\|newspaper\=\[\[The Post\-Standard]]\|date\=September 6, 2014\|access\-date\=September 7, 2014}} [Matt Forté](/wiki/Matt_Fort%C3%A9 "Matt Forté"), [Charles Tillman](/wiki/Charles_Tillman "Charles Tillman"), and [Robbie Gould](/wiki/Robbie_Gould "Robbie Gould") were the captains for the game.{{cite news\|url\=http://www.daily\-chronicle.com/2014/09/07/new\-faces\-same\-issues\-for\-defense/a9tj2ld/?\_\_xsl\=/print.xsl\|title\=New faces, same issues for defense\|newspaper\=\[\[Daily Chronicle (Illinois)\|Daily Chronicle]]\|date\=September 8, 2014\|access\-date\=September 12, 2014}} [David Fales](/wiki/David_Fales "David Fales"), [Kelvin Hayden](/wiki/Kelvin_Hayden "Kelvin Hayden"), [Tony Fiammetta](/wiki/Tony_Fiammetta "Tony Fiammetta"), [Khaseem Greene](/wiki/Khaseem_Greene "Khaseem Greene"), [Charles Leno](/wiki/Charles_Leno "Charles Leno"), [David Bass](/wiki/David_Bass_%28American_football%29 "David Bass (American football)") and [Cornelius Washington](/wiki/Cornelius_Washington "Cornelius Washington") were inactive for the game.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Bills/5bb94e72\-3639\-488d\-85a6\-e723b4ac7c7f\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Bills\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 7, 2014\|access\-date\=September 7, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213040/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Bills/5bb94e72\-3639\-488d\-85a6\-e723b4ac7c7f\|archive\-date\=September 7, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
The Bears won the coin toss, and elected to kick. After Buffalo punted, Chicago scored on Cutler's 12\-yard touchdown pass to [Martellus Bennett](/wiki/Martellus_Bennett "Martellus Bennett"), which the Bills retaliated with [E. J. Manuel](/wiki/E._J._Manuel "E. J. Manuel")'s two\-yard touchdown run. On the Bears' first drive of the second quarter, [Brandon Marshall](/wiki/Brandon_Marshall "Brandon Marshall") fumbled, with linebacker [Preston Brown](/wiki/Preston_Brown_%28linebacker%29 "Preston Brown (linebacker)") recovering; the Bills would score on [Dan Carpenter](/wiki/Dan_Carpenter "Dan Carpenter")'s 50\-yard field goal.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554232\.\=0\|title\=Buffalo Bills vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=September 15, 2014}} Afterwards, Cutler was intercepted by former Bear [Corey Graham](/wiki/Corey_Graham "Corey Graham") after Bennett did not "turn to look for the ball in time", with the Bills again capitalizing on the takeaway, with Manuel's seven\-yard touchdown pass to Spiller, and the half ended with Buffalo leading 17–7\.{{cite web\|last\=Neveau\|first\=James\|url\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/grizzly\-detail/Chicago\-Bears\-Buffalo\-Bills\-Week\-1\-Cutler\-Bennett\-\-274264761\.html\|title\=Bills Beat Bears 23\-20 Sunday\|publisher\=\[\[WMAQ\-TV]]\|date\=September 7, 2014\|access\-date\=September 15, 2014}} On the Bears' first possession of the third quarter, Gould kicked a five\-yard field goal, and on the Bills' first drive of the half, [Chris Conte](/wiki/Chris_Conte "Chris Conte") read a pass intended for [Marquise Goodwin](/wiki/Marquise_Goodwin "Marquise Goodwin"), stepping in front of the pass to intercept the ball.{{cite web\|last\=Greenberg\|first\=Jon\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/jon\-greenberg/post/\_/id/514/conte\-done\-in\-by\-jacksons\-stiff\-arm\|title\=Conte done in by Jackson's stiff\-arm\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=September 7, 2014\|access\-date\=September 15, 2014}} On Chicago's ensuing drive, the offense rallied to tie the score on Cutler's 11\-yard touchdown pass to Marshall. In the fourth quarter, the Bears drove from their own six\-yard line to reach the Buffalo 34, but Cutler's forced pass intended for Bennett was intercepted by [Kyle Williams](/wiki/Kyle_Williams_%28defensive_tackle%29 "Kyle Williams (defensive tackle)"); Carpenter would kick a 33\-yard field goal, which the Bears responded with Gould's 37\-yarder. The Bills would [kneel](/wiki/Quarterback_kneel "Quarterback kneel") to end regulation with a 20–20 score. After the Bears went three\-and\-out, the Bills started on their own 22\-yard line, but drove to the Bears' 39\. On the next play, Jackson found a hole in the line of scrimmage, getting past [Lance Briggs](/wiki/Lance_Briggs "Lance Briggs"). Conte reached Jackson at the 20\-yard line, but was [stiff\-armed](/wiki/Stiff-arm_fend "Stiff-arm fend"); Conte attempted to tackle again, but was knocked down, with Jackson being pushed out of bounds at the one\-yard line. Two plays later, Carpenter kicked the game\-winning 27\-yard field goal.
Four of the Bears' offensive starters suffered injuries during the game: [Roberto Garza](/wiki/Roberto_Garza "Roberto Garza") (right ankle) and [Matt Slauson](/wiki/Matt_Slauson "Matt Slauson") (left ankle) did not play after the first half, [Alshon Jeffery](/wiki/Alshon_Jeffery "Alshon Jeffery") (hamstring) departed in the third quarter, while Marshall (right ankle) was hurt after being tackled.{{cite news\|last\=Campbell\|first\=Rich\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/ct\-bears\-bills\-super\-side\-spt\-0908\-20140908\-story.html\|title\=Turnovers, injuries spoil launch of Bears' explosive offense\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=September 8, 2014\|access\-date\=September 15, 2014}} Conte received scrutiny after the game for failing to tackle Jackson, but defended himself by saying, "It was a play where it's the end of the game – I've got to get the ball out or something. If I hit him, it's a field goal no matter what, so I've got to try and get the ball out. It's a desperation play where I've got to try and punch the ball or something."
#### Week 2: at San Francisco 49ers
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Two: Chicago Bears at San Francisco 49ers – Game summary
\|date\=September 14
\|time\=7:30 p.m. CDT/5:30 p.m. \[\[Pacific Time Zone\|PDT]]
\|road\='''Bears'''
\|R1\=0\|R2\=7\|R3\=0\|R4\=21
\|home\=49ers
\|H1\=10\|H2\=7\|H3\=3\|H4\=0
\|stadium\=\[\[Levi's Stadium]], \[\[Santa Clara, California]]
\|attendance\=70,799
\|weather\={{convert\|78\|F\|C}}, sunny
\|referee\=\[\[Carl Cheffers]]
\|TV\=\[\[NBC Sunday Night Football\|NBC]]
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Al Michaels]], \[\[Cris Collinsworth]] and \[\[Michele Tafoya]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014091413/2014/REG2/bears@49ers Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56200/SF\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\* SF – \[\[Michael Crabtree]] 3 yard pass from \[\[Colin Kaepernick]], \[\[Phil Dawson]] XP good, 12:42 (SF 7–0\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 8 yards, 0:34'''
\* SF – Phil Dawson 27 yard field goal, 2:48 (SF 10–0\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 72 yards, 7:44'''
;Second quarter
\* SF – \[\[Frank Gore]] 8 yard run, Phil Dawson XP good, 2:22 (SF 17–0\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 30 yards, 1:03'''
\* CHI – \[\[Brandon Marshall]] 17 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 0:13 (SF 17–7\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 80 yards, 2:09'''
;Third quarter
\* SF – Phil Dawson 24 yard field goal, 5:56 (SF 20–7\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 84 yards, 9:04'''
;Fourth quarter
\* CHI – Brandon Marshall 5 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 13:35 (SF 20–14\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 80 yards, 7:21'''
\* CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]] 3 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 13:14 (CHI 21–20\). '''Drive: 1 play, 3 yards, 0:03'''
\* CHI – Brandon Marshall 3 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 6:55 (CHI 28–20\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 42 yards, 8:05'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 23/34, 176 yards, 4 TD
\* SF – \[\[Colin Kaepernick]], 21/34, 248 yards, 1 TD, 3 INT
;Top rushers
\* CHI – Jay Cutler, 5 carries, 25 yards
\* SF – Colin Kaepernick, 9 carries, 66 yards
;Top receivers
\* CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]], 7 receptions, 37 yards, 1 TD
\* SF – \[\[Michael Crabtree]], 7 receptions, 82 yards, 1 TD
;Top tacklers
\* CHI – \[\[Ryan Mundy]], 6 tackles
\* SF – \[\[Patrick Willis]], 7 tackles
}}
In the previous meeting between Chicago and [San Francisco](/wiki/2014_San_Francisco_49ers_season "2014 San Francisco 49ers season") at [Candlestick Park](/wiki/Candlestick_Park "Candlestick Park") in [2012](/wiki/2012_Chicago_Bears_season "2012 Chicago Bears season"), the 49ers won 32–7\. Entering the game, the 49ers led the all\-time series 32–29–1;{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=sfo\&tm2\=chi\&yr\=all\|title\=Boxscore finder: San Francisco 49ers vs Chicago Bears\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=October 19, 2014}} while the Bears had won five of the last eight meetings between the two since [2001](/wiki/2001_Chicago_Bears_season "2001 Chicago Bears season"),{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\=400554314\|title\=Bears\-49ers Preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=September 16, 2014}} they had lost all eight road games against the 49ers since [1985](/wiki/1985_Chicago_Bears_season "1985 Chicago Bears season").{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-suffer\-defeat\-at\-the\-hands\-of\-49ers/135985f7\-883c\-435c\-ac92\-7ca3dcc8d43a\|title\=Bears suffer defeat at the hands of 49ers\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 19, 2012\|access\-date\=September 16, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028075415/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-suffer\-defeat\-at\-the\-hands\-of\-49ers/135985f7\-883c\-435c\-ac92\-7ca3dcc8d43a\|archive\-date\=October 28, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} Comparing the two teams' week one rankings, the Bears had more total and passing yards than the 49ers, 427–319 and 341–192, respectively, while the 49ers had more rushing yards (127–86\). Defensively, the 49ers allowed more yards (382–360\) and allowed two more sacks than the Bears in week one.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.49ers.com/news/article\-1/Infographic\-49ers\-vs\-Bears\-Preview/047f5112\-292d\-4a95\-9b5d\-2af0f44c8449\|title\=Infographic: 49ers vs. Bears Preview\|work\=\[\[San Francisco 49ers]]\|date\=September 11, 2014\|access\-date\=September 15, 2014}} Writing for [WBBM\-TV](/wiki/WBBM-TV "WBBM-TV"), Bears radio play\-by\-play commentator [Jeff Joniak](/wiki/Jeff_Joniak "Jeff Joniak") stated the Bears' offense had a chance to utilize their running backs, as the 49ers had allowed the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys "Dallas Cowboys") to record 100 rushing yards in week one, the first time in 18 games, and with linebackers [NaVorro Bowman](/wiki/NaVorro_Bowman "NaVorro Bowman") and [Aldon Smith](/wiki/Aldon_Smith "Aldon Smith") inactive, the Bears had the chance to attack on the ground. For the Bears' passing game, recording short passes was important, while stating playing against the 49ers' defense "requires patience", with [Vic Fangio](/wiki/Vic_Fangio "Vic Fangio") utilizing [zone defense](/wiki/Zone_defense "Zone defense") blitzes.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/12/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-49ers/\|title\=Joniak: Keys to Bears\-49ers\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=September 12, 2014\|access\-date\=September 16, 2014}} Additionally, Jay Cutler had struggled against the 49ers during his career, being 0–2, with one touchdown, six interceptions, and a 59\.2 passer rating. On defense, the Bears had to contain [Colin Kaepernick](/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick "Colin Kaepernick"), who had thrown for two touchdowns the previous week and recorded his fourth\-best passer rating (125\.5\),{{cite web\|last\=Durkin\|first\=Dan\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/13/durkins\-preview\-49ers\-pose\-early\-test\-of\-bears\-depth/\|title\=Durkin's Preview: 49ers Pose Early Test Of Bears' Depth\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=September 13, 2014\|access\-date\=September 16, 2014}} and in his first career start, had guided the 49ers to the victory over the Bears in 2012\. The Bears also faced a challenge in 49ers' running backs [Frank Gore](/wiki/Frank_Gore "Frank Gore") and rookie [Carlos Hyde](/wiki/Carlos_Hyde "Carlos Hyde"), the former having become the 29th player to record 10,000 career rushing yards the previous week, and the latter averaged 7\.1 yards and scored a touchdown. Against San Francisco's receivers, while [Anquan Boldin](/wiki/Anquan_Boldin "Anquan Boldin") and [Michael Crabtree](/wiki/Michael_Crabtree "Michael Crabtree") were not fast, their physicality allows them to make blocks and "bully defensive backs". The 49ers were favorites to win, with every [ESPN](/wiki/ESPN "ESPN") analyst but former Bears head coach [Mike Ditka](/wiki/Mike_Ditka "Mike Ditka") to predict a 49ers victory.{{cite news\|last\=Just\|first\=David\|url\=http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/sports\-prose/mike\-ditka\-was\-only\-espn\-expert\-to\-pick\-bears\-over\-san\-francisco/\|title\=Mike Ditka was only ESPN 'expert' to pick Bears over San Francisco\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Sun\-Times]]\|date\=September 15, 2014\|access\-date\=September 16, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917113318/http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/sports\-prose/mike\-ditka\-was\-only\-espn\-expert\-to\-pick\-bears\-over\-san\-francisco/\|archive\-date\=2014\-09\-17\|url\-status\=dead}} [Jermon Bushrod](/wiki/Jermon_Bushrod "Jermon Bushrod"), [Lamarr Houston](/wiki/Lamarr_Houston "Lamarr Houston"), and [Sherrick McManis](/wiki/Sherrick_McManis "Sherrick McManis") served as team captains.{{cite news\|last\=Finley\|first\=Patrick\|url\=http://www.suntimes.com/sports/football/bears/29883031\-606/bears\-headache\-starts\-early\-with\-special\-teams\-mistakes.html\|title\=Chris Conte exits after big play; Bears win despite special teams stumbles\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Sun\-Times]]\|date\=September 14, 2014\|access\-date\=September 15, 2014}} For the game, [Josh Morgan](/wiki/Josh_Morgan "Josh Morgan"), Khaseem Greene, Roberto Garza, Matt Slauson, Charles Leno, David Bass, and Cornelius Washington were scratched.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-49ers/3e0a4da9\-9669\-46af\-9ca8\-e250270de4ab\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-49ers\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 14, 2014\|access\-date\=September 23, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028074702/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-49ers/3e0a4da9\-9669\-46af\-9ca8\-e250270de4ab\|archive\-date\=October 28, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
The 49ers won the coin toss, and decided to kick.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554314\.\=0\|title\=Chicago Bears vs. San Francisco 49ers – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=September 17, 2014}} On the Bears' first drive, [Pat O'Donnell](/wiki/Pat_O%27Donnell "Pat O'Donnell")'s punt was blocked by [Aaron Lynch](/wiki/Aaron_Lynch_%28American_football%29 "Aaron Lynch (American football)"), and the 49ers scored on Kaepernick's three\-yard touchdown pass to Crabtree, the first score in Levi's Stadium history after the play stood via review.{{cite news\|last\=Inman\|first\=Cam\|url\=http://blogs.mercurynews.com/49ers/2014/09/14/michael\-crabtree\-scores\-levis\-stadiums\-first\-td\-off\-blocked\-punt\-by\-aaron\-lynch/\|title\=Michael Crabtree scores Levi's Stadium's first TD off blocked punt by Aaron Lynch\|newspaper\=\[\[San Jose Mercury News]]\|date\=September 14, 2014\|access\-date\=September 17, 2014}} On the 49ers' next drive, Kaepernick was intercepted by Charles Tillman, but the pick was overturned; [Phil Dawson](/wiki/Phil_Dawson "Phil Dawson") would kick a 27\-yard field goal, the final score of the first quarter. On San Francisco's second drive of the second quarter, Kaepernick's pass for Boldin would be intercepted by a diving Chris Conte,{{cite web\|last\=Carbaugh\|first\=Dane\|url\=http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\-09\-14/chris\-conte\-interception\-chicago\-bears\-san\-francisco\-49ers\-diving\-video\|title\=Chris Conte's interception against the 49ers was perfect\|work\=\[\[Sporting News]]\|date\=September 14, 2014\|access\-date\=September 17, 2014\|archive\-date\=September 18, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918011257/http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\-09\-14/chris\-conte\-interception\-chicago\-bears\-san\-francisco\-49ers\-diving\-video\|url\-status\=dead}} though the Bears failed to take advantage, being forced to punt. Gore would then score on a 54\-yard run, which was nullified by a holding call on Boldin, and two plays later, Kaepernick was stripped by [Jared Allen](/wiki/Jared_Allen "Jared Allen"), and the ball was recovered by [Danny McCray](/wiki/Danny_McCray "Danny McCray"), but the Bears would again be forced to punt. The 49ers extended the lead by ten points on Gore's eight\-yard touchdown run, but the Bears managed to score for the first time in the half on Cutler's 17\-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall, who caught the pass with one hand.{{cite web\|agency\=\[\[Associated Press]] \|url\=http://abc7chicago.com/sports/brandon\-marshall\-makes\-2\-tds\-via\-jay\-cutler\-to\-beat\-49ers/309104/ \|archive\-url\=https://archive.today/20140918040122/http://abc7chicago.com/sports/brandon\-marshall\-makes\-2\-tds\-via\-jay\-cutler\-to\-beat\-49ers/309104/ \|url\-status\=dead \|archive\-date\=September 18, 2014 \|title\=BRANDON MARSHALL MAKES 3 TDS VIA JAY CUTLER TO BEAT 49ERS \|publisher\=\[\[WLS\-TV]] \|date\=September 14, 2014 \|access\-date\=September 17, 2014 }} In the second half, the 49ers scored on Dawson's 24\-yard kick, culminating a drive that took 9:04\. On the Bears' next drive, Cutler threw a five\-yard touchdown pass to Marshall, narrowing the score to 20–14\. On the first play of San Francisco's next drive, Kaepernick's pass for Crabtree was pulled away by [Kyle Fuller](/wiki/Kyle_Fuller "Kyle Fuller"),{{cite news\|last\=Campbell\|first\=Rich\|url\=http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/ravens/ct\-kyle\-fuller\-two\-interceptions\-bears\-spt\-0915\-20140915,0,7556898\.story\|title\=Kyle Fuller helps turn game around for Bears\|newspaper\=\[\[The Baltimore Sun]]\|date\=September 15, 2014\|access\-date\=September 17, 2014}} with the Bears scoring on the first play with Cutler's three\-yard touchdown to Martellus Bennett to give the Bears the 21–20 lead. Kaepernick was intercepted again by Fuller on the next drive after Fuller reached his pass intended for [Derek Carrier](/wiki/Derek_Carrier "Derek Carrier"), the Bears converting the pick into a Cutler three\-yard touchdown to Marshall, increasing the lead by eight. On San Francisco's final drive, the offense reached Chicago's 17\-yard line, but on 4th down, Kaepernick's pass to Crabtree fell incomplete, and Cutler kneeled twice to end the game.
The game featured 26 penalties, 10 by the Bears for 58 yards, and 16 by the 49ers for 118 yards.{{cite web\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/15/bears\-49ers\-fast\-facts/\|title\=Bears\-49ers Fast Facts\|work\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=September 15, 2014\|access\-date\=September 17, 2014}} Late in the second quarter, Cutler, who had completed only 8 of 18 passes for 38 yards, was hit by [Quinton Dial](/wiki/Quinton_Dial "Quinton Dial"), and after the hit, Cutler completed 15 of 16 passes for 138 yards and four touchdowns.{{cite web\|agency\=\[\[Associated Press]]\|url\=https://www.espn.com/chicago/nfl/recap?gameId\=400554314\|title\=Jay Cutler rallies Bears past 49ers with 3 TDs in fourth quarter\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\| date\=15 September 2014 \|access\-date\=September 17, 2014}} Fuller became the first rookie in Bears history to record two interceptions in a game since [Chris Harris](/wiki/Chris_Harris_%28safety%29 "Chris Harris (safety)") against the [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers "Green Bay Packers") in [2005](/wiki/2005_Chicago_Bears_season "2005 Chicago Bears season").
#### Week 3: at New York Jets
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Three: Chicago Bears at New York Jets – Game summary
\|date\={{tooltip\|September 22\|Monday}}
\|time\=8:30 p.m. \[\[Eastern Time Zone\|EDT]]/7:30 p.m. CDT
\|road\='''Bears'''
\|R1\=14\|R2\=3\|R3\=7\|R4\=3
\|home\=Jets
\|H1\=3\|H2\=10\|H3\=3\|H4\=3
\|stadium\=\[\[MetLife Stadium]], \[\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]]
\|attendance\=78,160
\|weather\={{convert\|60\|F\|C}}, clear
\|referee\=\[\[Jerome Boger]]
\|TV\=\[\[Monday Night Football\|ESPN]]
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Mike Tirico]], \[\[Jon Gruden]] and \[\[Lisa Salters]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014092200/2014/REG3/bears@jets Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56217/NYJ\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Ryan Mundy]] 45 yard interception return, \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 14:28 (CHI 7–0\).
\*CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]] 7 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], Robbie Gould XP good, 9:54 (CHI 14–0\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 40 yards, 0:21'''
\*NYJ – \[\[Nick Folk]] 43 yard field goal, 3:42 (CHI 14–3\). '''Drive: 11 plays, 55 yards, 6:12'''
;Second quarter
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 24 yard field goal, 13:54 (CHI 17–3\). '''Drive: 15 plays, 79 yards, 4:48'''
\*NYJ – Nick Folk 28 yard field goal, 9:57 (CHI 17–6\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 66 yards, 3:57'''
\*NYJ – \[\[Jeremy Kerley]] 19 yard pass from \[\[Geno Smith]], Nick Folk XP good, 3:45 (CHI 17–13\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 77 yards, 3:36'''
;Third quarter
\*CHI – Martellus Bennett 13 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 11:28 (CHI 24–13\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 80 yards, 3:32'''
\*NYJ – Nick Folk 22 yard field goal, 0:27 (CHI 24–16\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 24 yards, 3:27'''
;Fourth quarter
\*NYJ – Nick Folk 42 yard field goal, 9:52 (CHI 24–19\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 41 yards, 4:10'''
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 45 yard field goal, 3:10 (CHI 27–19\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 46 yards, 6:42'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 23/38, 225 yards, 2 TD
\* NYJ – \[\[Geno Smith]], 26/43, 316 yards, 1 TD, 2 INT
;Top rushers
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 13 carries, 33 yards
\* NYJ – \[\[Chris Ivory]], 10 carries, 44 yards
;Top receivers
\* CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]], 8 receptions, 105 yards
\* NYJ – \[\[Jeremy Kerley]], 7 receptions, 81 yards, 1 TD
;Top tacklers
\* CHI – \[\[Jon Bostic]], 6 tackles
\* NYJ – \[\[Demario Davis]], 7 tackles
}}
The Bears traveled to [East Rutherford, New Jersey](/wiki/East_Rutherford%2C_New_Jersey "East Rutherford, New Jersey") to play the [New York Jets](/wiki/2014_New_York_Jets_season "2014 New York Jets season") on *[Monday Night Football](/wiki/Monday_Night_Football "Monday Night Football")*, the Bears having won the last three meeting between the two since 2001, the last being a 38–34 win in [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season "2010 Chicago Bears season"), and the Bears led the all\-time series 7–3\. When comparing the two teams, Brad Gagnon of [CBSSports.com](/wiki/CBSSports.com "CBSSports.com") stated they are "complete opposites", with [Marc Trestman](/wiki/Marc_Trestman "Marc Trestman") being a pass\-first coach, while [Rex Ryan](/wiki/Rex_Ryan "Rex Ryan") prefers running first; as a result, while the Bears were ranked higher in passer rating (9th to 25th) and QB rating against (4th to 26th), the Jets had the advantage in yards per carry (5th to 23rd) and yards per carry against (3rd to 28th). In the running game, Gagnon writes the Bears' 23rd\-ranked rushing offense would have trouble against the third\-ranked Jets run defense, which had allowed only 2\.8 yards per carry. He adds that as a result, the Bears would be forced to throw – 71 percent of Chicago's offensive plays had been passing, the most in the league, which Gagnon states is not a "good thing", as the five teams with the highest passing percentage in the NFL in 2013 had losing records.{{cite web\|last\=Gagnon\|first\=Brad\|url\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\-on\-football/24719859/bears\-jets\-preview\-12\-things\-to\-know\-about\-week\-3s\-mnf\-game\|title\=Bears\-Jets Preview: 12 things to know about Week 3's Monday night game\|publisher\=\[\[CBSSports.com]]\|date\=September 21, 2014\|access\-date\=September 23, 2014}} Additionally, the passing attack would have to defend against the rush, with the Jets blitzing 75 percent of the time; New York had recorded 47 sacks since week one of 2013, tied for the 10th most in the league, while [Pro Football Focus](/wiki/Pro_Football_Focus "Pro Football Focus") ranked [Muhammad Wilkerson](/wiki/Muhammad_Wilkerson "Muhammad Wilkerson") and [Sheldon Richardson](/wiki/Sheldon_Richardson "Sheldon Richardson") as the top 12 pass\-rushing [3–4 defensive](/wiki/3%E2%80%934_defense "3–4 defense") ends in the NFL, with [Quinton Coples](/wiki/Quinton_Coples "Quinton Coples") having the most QB pressures of a 3–4 OLB with ten. However, Jay Cutler had completed 67 percent of passes under pressure, the second\-most in the NFL. the Bears led the league in completions of four yards or more on first down with 21,{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/21/joniaks\-keys\-to\-the\-game\-bears\-jets/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Jets\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=September 21, 2014\|access\-date\=September 23, 2014}} and despite injuries to Brandon Marshall and Alshon Jeffery, the passing game could have a chance against a secondary that struggled in the previous week against the Packers. Matt Forte would also be a viable passing option, but the Jets had the fifth\-fewest receiving yards by an RB allowed with 28\.5 On defense, the Bears would have to stop the Jets' rushing game, which led the league with 358 total rushing yards, while tying for third in the NFL with 33 runs of four yards or more, and averaged 5\.54 yards on first down. [Chris Ivory](/wiki/Chris_Ivory "Chris Ivory") also had the highest rushing average with 6\.3 yards, while the Jets averaged 5 yards offensively, and the Bears were allowing 5\.3 yards per carry, while allowing a total of 320 yards and four touchdowns on 60 carries. On special teams, the Bears had promoted [Rashad Ross](/wiki/Rashad_Ross "Rashad Ross"), who averaged 32 return yards with the [Washington Redskins](/wiki/Washington_Redskins "Washington Redskins") in the preseason, from the practice squad, which appeared to be an improvement over [Senorise Perry](/wiki/Senorise_Perry "Senorise Perry"), who had returned only two of eleven kickoffs in the first two games of the season. The betting line for the game was New York by \-2\.5\.{{cite web\|last\=Wilkening\|first\=Mike\|url\=http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\-09\-21/bears\-vs\-jets\-line\-pick\-spread\-odds\-prediction\-betting\-vegas\-week\-3\-nfl\|title\=Bears vs. Jets betting preview and pick – High total posted for traditionally low\-scoring matchup\|work\=\[\[Sporting News]]\|date\=September 21, 2014\|access\-date\=September 23, 2014}} The Bears' captains were Cutler, Lance Briggs, and [Danny McCray](/wiki/Danny_McCray "Danny McCray"),{{cite web\|last\=Fishbain\|first\=Kevin\|url\=http://www.chicagofootball.com/2014/09/23/notebook\-opportunistic\-bears\-take\-w\-from\-jets/a8jvatu/\|title\=Notebook: Opportunistic Bears take 'W' from Jets\|publisher\=Chicago Football\|date\=September 22, 2014\|access\-date\=September 23, 2014\|archive\-date\=September 26, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926141452/http://www.chicagofootball.com/2014/09/23/notebook\-opportunistic\-bears\-take\-w\-from\-jets/a8jvatu/\|url\-status\=dead}} while Sherrick McManis, [Shea McClellin](/wiki/Shea_McClellin "Shea McClellin"), Roberto Garza, Matt Slauson, Charles Leno, and [Trevor Scott](/wiki/Trevor_Scott "Trevor Scott") were not active.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Jets/3d92fc91\-9414\-492c\-9c5b\-aa4bdfb3dfd7\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Jets\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 22, 2014\|access\-date\=September 24, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215075101/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Jets/3d92fc91\-9414\-492c\-9c5b\-aa4bdfb3dfd7\|archive\-date\=December 15, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
The Bears won the coin toss, and deferred until the second half.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.covers.com/articles/articles.aspx?theArt\=387710\|title\=Bears\-Jets: What we learned\|publisher\=Covers.com\|access\-date\=September 26, 2014}} On the second play of the Jets' first drive, Smith's fake [screen pass](/wiki/Screen_pass "Screen pass") was intercepted by [Ryan Mundy](/wiki/Ryan_Mundy "Ryan Mundy"), scoring on a 45\-yard return.{{cite news\|last\=Potash\|first\=Mark\|url\=https://www.suntimes.com/30044333\-606/kyle\-fuller\-ryan\-mundy\-pick\-the\-jets\-clean.html\#.VCY6fvldWSo\|title\=Kyle Fuller, Ryan Mundy pick the Jets clean\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Sun\-Times]]\|date\=September 22, 2014\|access\-date\=September 26, 2014}} After the Jets punted, the Bears also were forced to punt, but [Jalen Saunders](/wiki/Jalen_Saunders "Jalen Saunders") muffed the punt, which was recovered by [Ahmad Dixon](/wiki/Ahmad_Dixon "Ahmad Dixon"). Four plays later, Jay Cutler threw a seven\-yard touchdown pass to Martellus Bennett, with New York scoring the final points of the first quarter via [Nick Folk](/wiki/Nick_Folk "Nick Folk")'s 43\-yard field goal. Both teams exchanged field goals on their first drives of the second quarter. On the Jets' next drive, Smith connected with [Jeremy Kerley](/wiki/Jeremy_Kerley "Jeremy Kerley") on a 19\-yard pass to make the score 17–13\. On the Bears' following possession,{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554288\.\=0\|title\=Chicago Bears vs. New York Jets – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=September 26, 2014}} Cutler was stripped by [David Harris](/wiki/David_Harris_%28American_football%29 "David Harris (American football)"), with [Demario Davis](/wiki/Demario_Davis "Demario Davis") scoring on the return. However, the officials had believed Cutler was downed prior to losing the ball, and while a challenge ruled the play as a fumble, the touchdown was not recorded. Despite the takeaway, the Jets would be forced to punt.{{cite news\|last\=Slater\|first\=Darryl\|url\=http://www.nj.com/jets/index.ssf/2014/09/demario\_davis\_criticizes\_officiating\_after\_whistle\_negates\_his\_fumble\_return\_for\_touchdown\_in\_bears\-.html\|title\=Demario Davis criticizes officiating after whistle negates his fumble return for TD in Bears\-Jets\|publisher\=\[\[NJ.com]]\|date\=September 23, 2014\|access\-date\=September 26, 2014}} The half would end with no additional scoring. On Chicago's first drive of the second half, Cutler threw a 13\-yard touchdown pass to Bennett. After both teams traded punts, Smith and the Jets reached the Bears' 18\-yard line, but was his pass intended for [David Nelson](/wiki/David_Nelson_%28wide_receiver%29 "David Nelson (wide receiver)") was intercepted by Kyle Fuller in the endzone. The Jets would later kick a 22\-yard field goal. In the final quarter, Folk kicked a 42\-yarder, with Robbie Gould kicking one of 45 yards on the next drive, the score becoming 27–19\. On New York's final drive of the game, the offense reached the Bears' nine\-yard line, but on 4th and 5, Smith's pass for Kerley was defended by rookie [Brock Vereen](/wiki/Brock_Vereen "Brock Vereen"),{{cite news\|last\=Biggs\|first\=Brad\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/ct\-biggs\-film\-session\-bears\-spt\-0924\-20140924\-story.html\|title\=Four Bears rookies make big plays for defense\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=September 23, 2014\|access\-date\=September 26, 2014}} and despite catching the ball, Kerley was out of bounds.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Quick\-start\-strong\-finish\-lift\-Bears/e952171e\-9ca6\-4ee3\-ae27\-5ebf7bc5ea08\|title\=Quick start, strong finish lift Bears\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 22, 2014\|access\-date\=September 26, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925072939/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Quick\-start\-strong\-finish\-lift\-Bears/e952171e\-9ca6\-4ee3\-ae27\-5ebf7bc5ea08\|archive\-date\=September 25, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} The Bears kneeled three times to end the game.
The game marked the first time since week 16 of [2012](/wiki/2012_Chicago_Bears_season "2012 Chicago Bears season") against the [Arizona Cardinals](/wiki/Arizona_Cardinals "Arizona Cardinals") that the Bears allowed fewer than 20 points in a game.{{cite news\|last\=Biggs\|first\=Brad\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\-brad\-biggs\-10\-thoughts\-bears\-jets\-20140923\-story.html\#page\=1\|title\=10 thoughts after Bears' win over Jets\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=September 23, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014}} Fuller, who was making his first career start, became the first NFL player in the last 20 years to record three interceptions and two forced fumbles in the first three games.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/What\-we\-learned\-in\-win\-over\-Jets/78266033\-02e0\-4f30\-8f95\-ee417c9ebb6f\|title\=What we learned in win over Jets\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 23, 2014\|access\-date\=September 26, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926060540/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/What\-we\-learned\-in\-win\-over\-Jets/78266033\-02e0\-4f30\-8f95\-ee417c9ebb6f\|archive\-date\=September 26, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
#### Week 4: vs. Green Bay Packers
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\=background\-color:\#03182f; color:\#df6108; border:2px solid \#df6108; text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Four: Green Bay Packers at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\=September 28
\|time\=12:00 p.m. CDT
\|road\='''Packers'''
\|R1\=7\|R2\=14\|R3\=10\|R4\=7
\|home\=Bears
\|H1\=7\|H2\=10\|H3\=0\|H4\=0
\|stadium\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
\|attendance\=61,736
\|weather\={{convert\|70\|F\|C}}, partly cloudy
\|referee\=\[\[Terry McAulay]]
\|TV\=Fox
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Kevin Burkhardt]], \[\[John Lynch (American football)\|John Lynch]] and \[\[Pam Oliver]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014092801/2014/REG4/packers@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56220/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Brandon Marshall]] 6 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 6:30 (CHI 7–0\). '''Drive: 15 plays, 80 yards, 8:30'''
\*GB – \[\[Eddie Lacy]] 2 yard run, \[\[Mason Crosby]] XP good, 4:08 (TIE 7–7\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 81 yards, 2:22'''
;Second quarter
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 23 yard field goal, 13:58 (CHI 10–7\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 75 yards, 5:10'''
\*GB – \[\[Jordy Nelson]] 3 yard pass from \[\[Aaron Rodgers]], Mason Crosby XP good, 10:11 (GB 14–10\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 78 yards, 3:47'''
\*CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 8 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 3:50 (CHI 17–14\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 80 yards, 6:21'''
\*GB – \[\[Randall Cobb (American football)\|Randall Cobb]] 22 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 1:03 (GB 21–17\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 61 plays, 2:47'''
;Third quarter
\*GB – Mason Crosby 53 yard field goal, 10:57 (GB 24–17\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 35 yards, 4:03'''
\*GB – Jordy Nelson 11 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 4:28 (GB 31–17\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 35 yards, 3:01'''
;Fourth quarter
\*GB – Randall Cobb 3 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 14:52 (GB 38–17\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 11 yards, 1:41'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* GB – \[\[Aaron Rodgers]], 22/28, 302 yards, 4 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 22/34, 256 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT
;Top rushers
\* GB – \[\[Eddie Lacy]], 17 carries, 48 yards, 1 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 23 carries, 122 yards
;Top receivers
\* GB – \[\[Jordy Nelson]], 10 receptions, 108 yards, 2 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]], 9 receptions, 134 yards
;Top tacklers
\* GB – \[\[Morgan Burnett]], 12 tackles
\* CHI – \[\[Ryan Mundy]], 8 tackles
}}
For week four, the Bears donned their 1940s throwbacks{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Kickoff\-Countdown\-Bears\-Packers/e02eebe0\-c035\-40ec\-98c5\-34b476b18212\|title\=Kickoff Countdown: Bears\-Packers\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 28, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104644/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Kickoff\-Countdown\-Bears\-Packers/e02eebe0\-c035\-40ec\-98c5\-34b476b18212\|archive\-date\=October 6, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} when they hosted the 1–2 [Packers](/wiki/2014_Green_Bay_Packers_season "2014 Green Bay Packers season"), the Bears having led the [all\-time series](/wiki/Bears-Packers_rivalry "Bears-Packers rivalry") 93–89–2, but the Packers had won 9 of the previous 11 games.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.packers.com/news\-and\-events/article\-infographic/article\-1/Infographic\-Packers\-vs\-Bears\-game\-preview/109ba113\-961b\-483f\-bbb5\-0f4bce6a7401\|title\=Infographic: Packers vs. Bears game preview\|work\=\[\[Green Bay Packers]]\|date\=September 26, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928034403/http://www.packers.com/news\-and\-events/article\-infographic/article\-1/Infographic\-Packers\-vs\-Bears\-game\-preview/109ba113\-961b\-483f\-bbb5\-0f4bce6a7401\|archive\-date\=September 28, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} On offense, the Bears' worst\-ranked rushing game (64 yards per game){{cite web\|last\=Taft\|first\=Jay\|url\=http://www.journalstandard.com/article/20140926/SPORTS/140929425/10483/SPORTS\|title\=Why can't the Bears run?\|newspaper\=\[\[The Journal Standard]]\|date\=September 26, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014\|archive\-date\=September 29, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929233407/http://www.journalstandard.com/article/20140926/SPORTS/140929425/10483/SPORTS\|url\-status\=dead}} had a chance to produce against the Packers, who were ranked 30th by allowing 156 yards per game, while opponents had run a league\-most 37\.3 times per game while scoring an also league\-high five rushing touchdowns.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/26/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-packers/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Packers\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=September 26, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014}} Also, Matt Forte had recorded 336 yards and four touchdowns against the Packers in his last two games. The offense also was challenged by the pass defense, with defenders [Sam Shields](/wiki/Sam_Shields "Sam Shields") and [Tramon Williams](/wiki/Tramon_Williams "Tramon Williams"), who were stingy in [man coverage](/wiki/Man-to-man_defense "Man-to-man defense"). For the Bears' defense, the Packers had also struggled on the run, ranking 26th in the league with a 78\-yard rushing average{{cite web\|last\=Durkin\|first\=Dan\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/27/durkins\-preview\-despite\-their\-record\-packers\-still\-dangerous/\|title\=Durkin's Preview: Despite Their Record, Packers Still Dangerous\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=September 27, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014}} and the longest run being of 17 yards, while having averaged only 3\.63 yards per carry. Additionally, Green Bay was ranked 28th in the league in yards. However, the team faced the Packers' passing attack, which featured the receiving duo of [Jordy Nelson](/wiki/Jordy_Nelson "Jordy Nelson") and [Randall Cobb](/wiki/Randall_Cobb_%28American_football%29 "Randall Cobb (American football)"). The former led the league in targets (37\) and first downs (16\), while ranking second in receiving yards (351\), while the Bears had struggled with covering [slant](/wiki/Slant_%28route%29 "Slant (route)") and dig routes, both of which Nelson excelled at. The latter had three touchdowns in 2014, but was used primarily for [hitch](/wiki/Hitch_%28route%29 "Hitch (route)") and stick routes.{{cite web\|last\=Durkin\|first\=Dan\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/25/durkin\-know\-your\-opponent\-green\-bay\-packers\-4/\|title\=Durkin: Know Your Opponent – Green Bay Packers\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=September 25, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014}} The Packers were two\-point favorites.{{cite news\|url\=http://www.jsonline.com/sports/packers/preview\-packers\-at\-bears\-b99359596z1\-277350741\.html\|title\=Preview: Packers at Bears\|newspaper\=\[\[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]\|date\=September 27, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014}} Sherrick McManis, Shea McClellin, Roberto Garza, Matt Slauson, Jared Allen, Charles Leno, and [Jeremiah Ratliff](/wiki/Jeremiah_Ratliff "Jeremiah Ratliff") were inactive.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Packers/30de4518\-ae12\-475c\-b680\-e2f9490fe469\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Packers\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=September 28, 2014\|access\-date\=September 28, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006081948/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Packers/30de4518\-ae12\-475c\-b680\-e2f9490fe469\|archive\-date\=October 6, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} [Kyle Long](/wiki/Kyle_Long "Kyle Long"), Alshon Jeffery, and Ryan Mundy served as team captains for the game, while the honorary captains were [Dick Butkus](/wiki/Dick_Butkus "Dick Butkus") and [Kurt Becker](/wiki/Kurt_Becker "Kurt Becker").
The Packers won the coin toss, and decided to kick. On the first drive, the Bears scored on Jay Cutler's six\-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall, which the Packers responded with [Eddie Lacy](/wiki/Eddie_Lacy "Eddie Lacy")'s two\-yard touchdown run. During Chicago's next drive,{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554207\.\=0\|title\=Green Bay Packers vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=October 3, 2014}} on 4th and 1, Cutler fumbled the snap, and upon picking up the ball, recorded a 16\-yard run on an accidental [fumblerooski](/wiki/Fumblerooski "Fumblerooski").{{cite web\|last\=Katzowitz\|first\=Josh\|url\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\-on\-football/24728517/jay\-cutler\-fumbles\-snap\-on\-fourth\-down\-turns\-it\-into\-long\-gain\|title\=Bears' Jay Cutler reinvents the fumblerooski vs. Packers\|publisher\=\[\[CBSSports.com]]\|date\=September 24, 2014\|access\-date\=October 3, 2014}} The drive continued into the second quarter, ended with Robbie Gould kicking a 23\-yard field goal. The two teams exchanged touchdowns on the final three plays: [Aaron Rodgers](/wiki/Aaron_Rodgers "Aaron Rodgers")' three\-yard pass to Nelson, Cutler's eight\-yard pass to Jeffery, and Rodgers' 22\-yard pass to Cobb. The Bears reached the Packers' nine\-yard line by the final play of the first half; on the play, Cutler's pass for Bennett was ruled short of a touchdown. During the television review, [Micah Hyde](/wiki/Micah_Hyde_%28American_football%29 "Micah Hyde (American football)") covered the camera angle,{{cite news\|last\=Dunne\|first\=Tyler\|url\=http://www.jsonline.com/blogs/sports/277373581\.html\|title\=Rodgers, Packers shine with big victory over Bears\|newspaper\=\[\[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]\|date\=September 28, 2014\|access\-date\=October 3, 2014}} preventing the touchdown and ending the half with the Packers leading 21–17\. In the third quarter, the Packers drove to the Bears' 34\-yard line, where Rodgers completed a touchdown pass to [Davante Adams](/wiki/Davante_Adams "Davante Adams"), which would be nullified by a holding penalty on center [Corey Linsley](/wiki/Corey_Linsley "Corey Linsley"); Crosby would eventually kick a 53\-yard field goal. Afterwards, Cutler's pass for [Josh Morgan](/wiki/Josh_Morgan "Josh Morgan") would be tipped by Williams and intercepted by [Clay Matthews](/wiki/Clay_Matthews_III "Clay Matthews III"), with Green Bay capitalizing on the takeaway with Rodgers' 11\-yard touchdown pass to Nelson.{{cite web\|last\=Wright\|first\=Michael C.\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\_/id/4694598/first\-jay\-cutler\-int\-set\-rout\-in\-motion\|title\=Jay Cutler's first interception set rout in motion\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=September 28, 2014\|access\-date\=October 5, 2014}} On the next drive, Shields intercepted Cutler, and Crosby kicked a 23\-yard field goal; however, a holding penalty on [Jon Bostic](/wiki/Jon_Bostic "Jon Bostic") led to Rodgers' three\-yard touchdown pass to Cobb. On Chicago's next drive, Williams intercepted Cutler, but the play would be nullified; the Bears would subsequently punt. On the Packers' next drive, they would reach the Bears' 20\-yard line before Crosby's field goal was blocked by [Willie Young](/wiki/Willie_Young_%28defensive_end%29 "Willie Young (defensive end)"), the first block by the Bears in over a year.{{cite news\|last\=Biggs\|first\=Brad\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\-brad\-biggs\-10\-thoughts\-bears\-packers\-20140928\-story.html\|title\=10 thoughts after Bears' loss to Packers\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=September 29, 2014\|access\-date\=October 11, 2014}} [Jimmy Clausen](/wiki/Jimmy_Clausen "Jimmy Clausen") replaced Cutler on the final drive, and the Bears ran out the clock to end the game.
The Bears recorded 496 yards, the first time since [1979](/wiki/1979_Chicago_Bears_season "1979 Chicago Bears season") against the [Minnesota Vikings](/wiki/1979_Minnesota_Vikings_season "1979 Minnesota Vikings season") that the Bears recorded such yardage and lost. The last time the team recorded more than 496 yards and lost occurred in [1947](/wiki/1947_Chicago_Bears_season "1947 Chicago Bears season") against the [Los Angeles Rams](/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams "Los Angeles Rams") and [Chicago Cardinals](/wiki/Chicago_Cardinals "Chicago Cardinals").{{cite news\|last\=Potash\|first\=Mark\|url\=http://www.suntimes.com/sports/30178370\-606/jay\-cutler\-can\-share\-blame\-for\-loss\-to\-packers.html\#.VDISu\_ldWSo\|title\=FIRST\-AND\-10: 10 thoughts on the Bears\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Sun\-Times]]\|date\=September 29, 2014\|access\-date\=October 5, 2014}} Additionally, the rushing attack recorded 102 yards in the first quarter, the first time Chicago recorded at least 100 rushing yards in the first quarter since [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season "2010 Chicago Bears season") against the [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/Carolina_Panthers "Carolina Panthers"). The game was only the second in NFL history to have no total punts.
#### Week 5: at Carolina Panthers
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Five: Chicago Bears at Carolina Panthers – Game summary
\|date\=October 5
\|time\=1:00 p.m. EDT/12:00 p.m. CDT
\|road\=Bears
\|R1\=14\|R2\=7\|R3\=3\|R4\=0
\|home\='''Panthers'''
\|H1\=7\|H2\=7\|H3\=7\|H4\=10
\|stadium\=\[\[Bank of America Stadium]], \[\[Charlotte, North Carolina]]
\|attendance\=73,659
\|weather\={{convert\|60\|F\|C}}, sunny
\|referee\=\[\[Tony Corrente]]
\|TV\=Fox
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Thom Brennaman]], \[\[David Diehl]] and \[\[Laura Okmin]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014100500/2014/REG5/bears@panthers Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56232/CAR\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*CAR – \[\[Philly Brown]] 79 yard punt return, \[\[Graham Gano]] XP good, 10:56 (CAR 7–0\).
\*CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]] 10 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 4:31 (TIE 7–7\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 28 yards, 0:47'''
\*CHI – Jay Cutler 10 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 2:13 (CHI 14–7\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 13 yards, 1:21'''
;Second quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 25 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 10:51 (CHI 21–7\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 68 yards, 5:20'''
\*CAR – \[\[Greg Olsen (American football)\|Greg Olsen]] 12 yard pass from \[\[Cam Newton]], Graham Gano XP good, 0:12 (CHI 21–14\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 74 yards, 1:39'''
;Third quarter
\*CAR – \[\[Chris Ogbonnaya]] 1 yard run, Graham Gano XP good, 7:16 (TIE 21–21\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 86 yards, 4:00'''
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 45 yard field goal, 2:38 (CHI 24–21\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 53 yards, 4:38'''
;Fourth quarter
\*CAR – Graham Gano 44 yard field goal, 4:29 (TIE 24–24\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 6 yards, 1:27'''
\*CAR – Greg Olsen 6 yard pass from Cam Newton, Graham Gano XP good, 2:18 (CAR 31–24\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 23 yards, 2:00'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 28/36, 289 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT
\* CAR – \[\[Cam Newton]], 19/35, 255 yards, 2 TD, 1 INT
;Top rushers
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 17 carries, 61 yards
\* CAR – \[\[Darrin Reaves]], 11 carries, 65 yards
;Top receivers
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 12 receptions, 105 yards, 1 TD
\* CAR – \[\[Greg Olsen (American football)\|Greg Olsen]], 6 receptions, 72 yards, 2 TD
;Top tacklers
\* CHI – \[\[Jared Allen]], 2 tackles
\* CAR – \[\[Luke Kuechly]], 11 tackles
}}
In week five, the Bears, looking to go 3–0 on the road for the first time since [2006](/wiki/2006_Chicago_Bears_season "2006 Chicago Bears season"), visited the 2–2 [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/2014_Carolina_Panthers_season "2014 Carolina Panthers season"), the Bears having led the all\-time series 5–3, and also having won the most recent meeting in 2012 23–22\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=chi\&tm2\=car\&yr\=all\|title\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs Carolina Panthers\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014}} The Bears had been plagued by inconsistency during the season, for example in the passing attack, with Jay Cutler, playing in his first away game with Chicago against Carolina, completing 67\.5 percent in the two home games with four touchdowns and four interceptions while posting an 84\.7 rating. On the road, he had completed 63\.9 percent of passes with six touchdowns and no interceptions, along with a 106\.3 rating. In two games against the Panthers, Cutler had thrown a touchdown and two picks with a 69\.5 passer rating. The Bears had to protect Cutler from a Panthers defense that recorded 60 sacks in 2013, and despite missing [Greg Hardy](/wiki/Greg_Hardy "Greg Hardy"), featured defending [Defensive Player of the Year](/wiki/AP_NFL_Defensive_Player_of_the_Year_Award "AP NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award") [Luke Kuechly](/wiki/Luke_Kuechly "Luke Kuechly") and [Star Lotulelei](/wiki/Star_Lotulelei "Star Lotulelei"). However, Panthers' cornerback [Antoine Cason](/wiki/Antoine_Cason "Antoine Cason") was struggling during the year, having allowed three touchdowns. Additionally, the Panthers' had allowed 75 points the last two games, compared to 21 in the first two weeks, and while allowing an average 201\.7 passing yards in the first three games, the team permitted the [Baltimore Ravens](/wiki/Baltimore_Ravens "Baltimore Ravens")' [Joe Flacco](/wiki/Joe_Flacco "Joe Flacco") to throw for 327 passing yards in their last game. On the ground, the Bears had an advantage against the Panthers' 27th\-ranked rushing defense, which allowed 140\.8 rushing yards per game,{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\=400554200\|title\=Bears\-Panthers Preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=October 12, 2014}} 264 rushing yards two games prior against the [Pittsburgh Steelers](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers "Pittsburgh Steelers"),{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/03/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-panthers/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Panthers\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=October 3, 2014\|access\-date\=October 12, 2014}} and a total 391 rushing yards in the last two games.{{cite web\|last\=Newton\|first\=David\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/carolina\-panthers/post/\_/id/9237/prediction\-panthers\-will\-beat\-bears\|title\=Prediction: Panthers will beat Bears\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=October 3, 2014\|access\-date\=October 12, 2014}} The Bears also had a chance to capitalize on the Panthers' worst\-ranked red zone offenses and defenses, with Chicago boasting a second\- and sixth\-ranked red zone offense and defense, respectively.{{cite web\|last1\=Newton\|first1\=David\|last2\=Wright\|first2\=Michael C.\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/carolina\-panthers/post/\_/id/9173/bears\-vs\-panthers\-preview\|title\=Bears vs. Panthers preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=October 2, 2014\|access\-date\=October 12, 2014}} The Panthers were the \-2\.5 favorite for the game's betting line.{{cite web\|last\=Wilkening\|first\=Mike\|url\=http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\-10\-02/bears\-vs\-panthers\-line\-pick\-spread\-betting\-odds\-prediction\-vegas\-week\-5\-nfl\|title\=Bears vs. Panthers betting preview and pick – Chicago doing best work on road\|work\=\[\[Sporting News]]\|date\=October 2, 2014\|access\-date\=October 12, 2014\|archive\-date\=October 17, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017152007/http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\-10\-02/bears\-vs\-panthers\-line\-pick\-spread\-betting\-odds\-prediction\-vegas\-week\-5\-nfl\|url\-status\=dead}} The Bears' inactives were Sherrick McManis, Ahmad Dixon, Shea McClellin, Roberto Garza, Charles Leno, and Jeremiah Ratliff,{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Panthers/a8264877\-2266\-4ba5\-8620\-7e955d1b0622\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Panthers\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 3, 2014\|access\-date\=October 12, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007083119/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Panthers/a8264877\-2266\-4ba5\-8620\-7e955d1b0622\|archive\-date\=October 7, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} while Matt Slauson, [D.J. Williams](/wiki/D._J._Williams_%28linebacker%29 "D. J. Williams (linebacker)"), and Robbie Gould were the captains.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Kickoff\-Countdown\-Bears\-Panthers/411492bf\-01b4\-4293\-bb3c\-2c5c5e4d8c78\|title\=Kickoff Countdown: Bears\-Panthers\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 3, 2014\|access\-date\=October 12, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008030901/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Kickoff\-Countdown\-Bears\-Panthers/411492bf\-01b4\-4293\-bb3c\-2c5c5e4d8c78\|archive\-date\=October 8, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
After the Bears won the toss and kicked off, the Panthers punted on their drive, and on the punt return, [Santonio Holmes](/wiki/Santonio_Holmes "Santonio Holmes") fumbled the ball out of bounds. The Bears would also be forced to punt,{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554200\.\=0\|title\=Chicago Bears vs. Carolina Panthers – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=October 15, 2014}} and on the return, [Philly Brown](/wiki/Philly_Brown "Philly Brown") was tackled by [Teddy Williams](/wiki/Teddy_Williams_%28American_football%29 "Teddy Williams (American football)") before receiving the ball, and while both teams were attempting to recover the ball, Brown picked up the ball and scored{{cite web\|last\=Sikes\|first\=Caroline\|url\=http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\-10\-05/philly\-brown\-touchdown\-carolina\-panthers\-chicago\-bears\-special\-teams\-punt\-return\|title\=Panthers' Philly Brown scores on wild punt return\|work\=\[\[Sporting News]]\|date\=October 5, 2014\|access\-date\=October 16, 2014\|archive\-date\=October 7, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007090920/http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\-10\-05/philly\-brown\-touchdown\-carolina\-panthers\-chicago\-bears\-special\-teams\-punt\-return\|url\-status\=dead}} on the 79\-yard return. On the Bears' next drive, despite reaching the Panthers' seven\-yard line, Cutler's pass for Brandon Marshall went into double coverage and was intercepted by [Roman Harper](/wiki/Roman_Harper "Roman Harper"),{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/A\-day\-later\-Trestman\-analyzes\-loss/7b6bac69\-5511\-4bf8\-b110\-2a036b74589f\|title\=A day later, Trestman analyzes loss\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 6, 2014\|access\-date\=October 17, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010233132/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/A\-day\-later\-Trestman\-analyzes\-loss/7b6bac69\-5511\-4bf8\-b110\-2a036b74589f\|archive\-date\=October 10, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} who returned the pick 44 yards to the Bears' 49\-yard line, but was ruled down by challenge, and as a result, the Panthers started the drive from their own eight\-yard line. Three plays later, [Isaiah Frey](/wiki/Isaiah_Frey "Isaiah Frey") forced [Kelvin Benjamin](/wiki/Kelvin_Benjamin "Kelvin Benjamin") to fumble, recovering the loose ball at Carolina's 28\-yard line. The Bears would score on Cutler's ten\-yard touchdown pass to Matt Forte; Chicago would then capitalize on another turnover during the Panthers' next drive: after Willie Young strip\-sacked [Cam Newton](/wiki/Cam_Newton "Cam Newton"), Lamarr Houston recovered at Carolina's 18\-yard line, and on the Bears' ensuing drive, Cutler scored on a ten\-yard run, the first rushing touchdown for Cutler since [2011](/wiki/2011_Chicago_Bears_season "2011 Chicago Bears season") and the first for the team in 2014\. The Bears' next drive lasted into the second quarter, and ended with the Bears extending the score to 21–7 after Cutler threw a 25\-yard touchdown pass to Alshon Jeffery. The Panthers then drove to Chicago's 25\-yard line, but the drive ended after Newton's pass was intercepted by a diving Lance Briggs.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\-Briggs\-intercepts\-Newton/34a96551\-f867\-4de8\-b273\-2260fdb88521\|title\=NFLN: Briggs intercepts Newton\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 5, 2014\|access\-date\=October 16, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008030450/http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\-Briggs\-intercepts\-Newton/34a96551\-f867\-4de8\-b273\-2260fdb88521\|archive\-date\=October 8, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} However, the Bears failed to take advantage of the pick, with Gould missing a 35\-yard field goal. On the final drive for Carolina, Newton threw a nine\-yard touchdown pass to [Greg Olsen](/wiki/Greg_Olsen_%28American_football%29 "Greg Olsen (American football)") to make the score at halftime 21–14\. After the Bears punted on their first drive of the second half, the Panthers reached the Bears' seven\-yard line, and a penalty on Kyle Fuller moved the ball to the one\-yard line, where [Chris Ogbonnaya](/wiki/Chris_Ogbonnaya "Chris Ogbonnaya") scored on a one\-yard run to tie the game. Gould would give the Bears the lead again via a 45\-yard field goal. The two teams exchanged punts five times in the fourth quarter, and on Chicago's third possession of the quarter, Cutler's pass for Holmes was overthrown and intercepted by [Thomas DeCoud](/wiki/Thomas_DeCoud "Thomas DeCoud"), which set up a [Graham Gano](/wiki/Graham_Gano "Graham Gano") 44\-yard field goal. On the Bears' next play, Forte was stripped by Cason, and [Kawann Short](/wiki/Kawann_Short "Kawann Short") recovered. Six plays later, Cam Newton threw a 6\-yard touchdown pass to Olsen to take the 31–24 lead. On the Bears' final drive, the offense faced 4th\-and\-21 from their own 34\-yard line{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-squander\-14\-point\-lead\-in\-loss/e37c56aa\-e9ca\-45cb\-b4bd\-a88c34c8251a\|title\=Bears squander 14\-point lead in loss\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 5, 2014\|access\-date\=October 17, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008080551/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-squander\-14\-point\-lead\-in\-loss/e37c56aa\-e9ca\-45cb\-b4bd\-a88c34c8251a\|archive\-date\=October 8, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} when Cutler fumbled while being sacked by Short, and [Charles Johnson](/wiki/Charles_Johnson_%28defensive_end%29 "Charles Johnson (defensive end)") recovered. Carolina kneeled twice to end the game.
The Bears had three turnovers in the fourth quarter, the second team to do so in 2014, after the [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants "New York Giants"), while committing two turnovers in consecutive possessions during the fourth quarter. In comparison, the team had only one in the first four games. In the passing game, poor production on short passes led to Cutler's struggles on longer throws, completing only one of five passes of 15 yards or more during the game, including two interceptions; entering the game, he was ranked 31st of 33 quarterbacks in completion percentage for such throws with 24 percent. However, the Bears had managed to score multiple passing touchdowns against the Panthers, the fourth time this had happened to the Panthers in 2014; the Panthers had only two games allowed in [2013](/wiki/2013_Carolina_Panthers_season "2013 Carolina Panthers season").{{cite web\|agency\=\[\[Associated Press]]\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/recap?gameId\=400554200\|title\=Cam Newton's TDs to Greg Olsen help Panthers erase 14\-point deficit\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=October 17, 2014}}
#### Week 6: at Atlanta Falcons
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Six: Chicago Bears at Atlanta Falcons – Game summary
\|date\=October 12
\|time\=4:25 p.m. EDT/3:25 p.m. CDT
\|road\='''Bears'''
\|R1\=0\|R2\=13\|R3\=6\|R4\=8
\|home\=Falcons
\|H1\=3\|H2\=0\|H3\=10\|H4\=0
\|stadium\=\[\[Georgia Dome]], \[\[Atlanta]]
\|attendance\=70,712
\|weather\=Played indoors (dome stadium)
\|referee\=\[\[Walt Anderson (American football)\|Walt Anderson]]
\|TV\=Fox
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Justin Kutcher]], David Diehl and Laura Okmin
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014101200/2014/REG6/bears@falcons Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56247/ATL\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*ATL – \[\[Matt Bryant]] 52 yard field goal, 9:41 (ATL 3–0\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 32 yards, 3:21'''
;Second quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Robbie Gould]] 25 yard field, 14:47 (TIE 3–3\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 54 yards, 3:38'''
\*CHI – \[\[Josh Morgan]] 3 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], Robbie Gould XP good, 5:59 (CHI 10–3\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 79 yards, 4:37\)'''
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 28 yard field goal, 0:02 (CHI 13–3\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 83 yards, 4:04'''
;Third quarter
\*ATL – \[\[Antone Smith]] 41 yard pass from \[\[Matt Ryan (American football)\|Matt Ryan]], Matt Bryant XP good, 11:19 (CHI 13–10\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 86 yards, 3:41'''
\*ATL – Matt Bryant 54 yard field goal, 6:19 (TIE 13–13\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 33 yards, 3:13'''
\*CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]] 6 yard run, Robbie Gould XP blocked, 5:06 (CHI 19–13\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 80 yards, 1:13'''
;Fourth quarter
\*CHI – Matt Forte 9 yard run, Jay Cutler pass to \[\[Martellus Bennett]] for two\-point conversion, 10:07 (CHI 27–13\). '''Drive: 15 plays, 87 yards, 8:28'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 26/38, 381 yards, 1 TD
\* ATL – \[\[Matt Ryan (American football)\|Matt Ryan]], 19/37, 271 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT
;Top rushers
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 17 carries, 80 yards, 2 TD
\* ATL – \[\[Steven Jackson]], 6 carries, 25 yards
;Top receivers
\* CHI – Matt Forte, 10 receptions, 77 yards
\* ATL – \[\[Julio Jones]], 4 receptions, 68 yards
;Top tacklers
\* CHI – \[\[Khaseem Greene]], 6 tackles
\* ATL – \[\[Kemal Ishmael]], 6 tackles
}}
The Bears played the 2–3 [Atlanta Falcons](/wiki/2014_Atlanta_Falcons_season "2014 Atlanta Falcons season") in week six,{{cite web\|url\=http://www.footballdb.com/teams/nfl/chicago\-bears/teamvsteam?opp\=2\|title\=Chicago Bears vs. Atlanta Falcons Results\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=October 19, 2014}} the Bears leading the all\-time series between the two 13–12, 5–2 since 2001, and having won the most recent meeting in 2011, 30–12\. Among the players the Bears faced was former returner and receiver [Devin Hester](/wiki/Devin_Hester "Devin Hester"), who had recorded 19 his NFL\-record 20 return touchdowns with the team.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\=400554220\|title\=Bears\-Falcons Preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=October 19, 2014}} Atlanta entered the game with the second\-best passing offense in the league, with the receiver duo of [Julio Jones](/wiki/Julio_Jones "Julio Jones") and [Roddy White](/wiki/Roddy_White "Roddy White") having combined for 56 catches for 765 yards and five touchdowns. The former also led the league with 40 receptions and 552 yards. Hester, despite being 23rd in the NFL with 15\.1 yards on 14 receptions, was one the Bears had to be prepared when he was used as a [slot receiver](/wiki/Slot_receiver "Slot receiver"). Among the goals the Bears' defense had was to rush [Matt Ryan](/wiki/Matt_Ryan_%28American_football%29 "Matt Ryan (American football)"), who – despite being pressured often and tied with Jay Cutler with 130 pass attempts – was one of five quarterbacks with an average of eight yards per pass. Altogether, the Falcons had the third\-best offense in yards gained, first in yards per play with 6\.58, second in red zone touchdown percentage, and third with 29 points per game.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/10/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-falcons/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Falcons\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=October 10, 2014\|access\-date\=October 20, 2014}} However, the Bears offense could attack the Falcons' 28th\-ranked rushing defense, which had been allowing 147\.6 yards per game; the Bears had been recording 116 rushing yards each game.{{cite web\|last\=Neveau\|first\=James\|url\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Bears\-Falcons\-Three\-Keys\-to\-a\-Chicago\-Victory\-\-278934951\.html\|title\=Bears\-Falcons: Three Keys to a Chicago Victory\|publisher\=\[\[WMAQ\-TV]]\|date\=October 12, 2014\|access\-date\=October 20, 2014}} In addition, Atlanta had allowed a league\-leading ten rushing touchdowns and six yards per play, while having the second\-worst sacks per pass attempt with 2\.47 percent, and was one of five teams allowing 400 yards per game. On special teams, Chicago would have to watch out for Hester, who recorded one of the league's four punt return touchdowns in 2014, while recording an average of 14\.4 yards off eight punt returns, and was ranked eighth in the league with a kick return average of 24\.2 yards. The Falcons were predicted by every CBSSports.com analyst to win, and were the \-3\.5 favorite.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/gametracker/preview/NFL\_20141012\_CHI@ATL\|title\=CHICAGO AT ATLANTA\|work\=\[\[CBSSports.com]]\|access\-date\=October 20, 2014}} Brandon Marshall, Danny McCray, and Tim Jennings served as the Bears' captains,{{cite web\|url\=http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/multimedia/photo\-gallery/From\-the\-Sideline\-Bears\-Falcons/fdbcdeda\-1dc5\-4ec1\-9997\-70d9bc443b89\|title\=From the Sideline: Bears\-Falcons\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|access\-date\=October 20, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028212031/http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/multimedia/photo\-gallery/From\-the\-Sideline\-Bears\-Falcons/fdbcdeda\-1dc5\-4ec1\-9997\-70d9bc443b89\|archive\-date\=October 28, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} while Sherrick McManis, Ahmad Dixon, Shea McClellin, Lance Briggs, Jon Bostic, D. J. Williams, and Jermon Bushrod were inactive.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Falcons/a1167127\-8c2a\-446f\-be41\-ce54abc4a2f5\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Falcons\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 12, 2014\|access\-date\=October 20, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014103549/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Falcons/a1167127\-8c2a\-446f\-be41\-ce54abc4a2f5\|archive\-date\=October 14, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
After the Bears won the coin toss, elected to receive, and punted on the first drive, the Falcons scored on their first drive with [Matt Bryant](/wiki/Matt_Bryant "Matt Bryant")'s 52\-yard field goal. After the Bears punted again, Jones was stripped by Kyle Fuller, but recovered; the Falcons would also punt.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554220\.\=0\|title\=Chicago Bears vs. Atlanta Falcons – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=2 September 2016}} On Chicago's next drive, Cutler, after [spiking the ball](/wiki/Spike_%28gridiron_football%29 "Spike (gridiron football)"), was drilled by [Paul Worrilow](/wiki/Paul_Worrilow "Paul Worrilow"), allowing the Bears to gain a first down at the Falcons' 14\-yard line;{{cite news\|last1\=Cunningham\|first1\=Michael\|last2\=Ledbetter\|first2\=D. Orlando\|url\=http://www.ajc.com/news/sports/football/another\-big\-play\-touchdown\-for\-falcons\-rb\-antone\-s/nhhLG/\|title\=Another big\-play touchdown for Falcons RB Antone Smith\|newspaper\=\[\[The Atlanta Journal\-Constitution]]\|date\=October 12, 2014\|access\-date\=October 21, 2014}} the drive lasted into the second quarter, and ended with Robbie Gould's 25\-yard field goal; the Bears extended the lead on their next drive via Cutler's three\-yard touchdown pass to Josh Morgan. The Falcons would be forced to punt again, with Chicago scoring off Gould's 28\-yard field goal, the final scoring play of the first half, the Bears leading 13–3\. After receiving the ball in the second half, the Falcons drove to Chicago's 41\-yard line, where Ryan threw a 41\-yard touchdown pass to [Antone Smith](/wiki/Antone_Smith "Antone Smith"), and the Falcons tied the game on their next possession off Bryant's 54\-yard field goal. On Chicago's drive, the Falcons failed to provide safety assistance at the right side of the field, leading to Cutler throwing a 74\-yard pass to Alshon Jeffery, completing it to the Falcons' five\-yard line, with Matt Forte scoring on the next run, though Gould's extra point would be blocked by [Ra'Shede Hageman](/wiki/Ra%27Shede_Hageman "Ra'Shede Hageman"). Now down by six, the Falcons failed to score, and were forced to punt. In the final quarter, the Bears reached the Falcons' eight\-yard line, where Cutler threw a touchdown pass to Jeffery. However, the score would be nullified by Jeffery stepping out of the endzone on the play. On the next play, Martellus Bennett fought to the nine\-yard line, where Forte scored on the rushing touchdown. The Bears then scored on the two\-point conversion with Cutler's pass to Bennett, putting the Bears up by 14 points, 27–13\. On Atlanta's next drive, Jared Allen recorded his first sack as a Bear,{{cite web\|last\=Neveau\|first\=James\|url\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Bears\-vs\-Falcons\-Cutler\-Forte\-Bennett\-Ryan\-278951081\.html\|title\=Strong Defense Earns Bears 27\-13 Win Over Falcons\|publisher\=\[\[WMAQ\-TV]]\|date\=October 12, 2014\|access\-date\=October 21, 2014}} and would later be forced to punt, and the Bears would also punt. Afterwards, Ryan's pass for Jones would be intercepted by [Demontre Hurst](/wiki/Demontre_Hurst "Demontre Hurst"), though the Bears would have to punt. The Falcons' final drive ended with a turnover on downs, and Cutler would kneel thrice to end the game.
The Bears became the first team to win 750 total games.{{cite web\|last\=Newberry\|first\=Paul\|url\=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/79c4f5a8b1da4a04ab1d7ae9ef2f3211/cutler\-leads\-road\-warrior\-bears\-past\-falcons\-27\-13\|title\=Cutler leads road\-warrior Bears past Falcons 27\-13\|agency\=\[\[Associated Press]]\|date\=October 12, 2014\|access\-date\=October 24, 2014\|archive\-date\=October 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027040654/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/79c4f5a8b1da4a04ab1d7ae9ef2f3211/cutler\-leads\-road\-warrior\-bears\-past\-falcons\-27\-13\|url\-status\=dead}} It took only 4 road games for the Bears to match their road win total from last season (the Bears were 3–5 on the road during the 2013 season). The 13 points allowed by the Bears were the fewest that they had ever allowed in a game under Marc Trestman.{{cite news\|last\=LeGere\|first\=Bob\|url\=http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20141018/sports/141018168/\|title\=Trio of Bears LBs proved their worth vs. Falcons\|newspaper\=\[\[Daily Herald (Arlington Heights)\|Daily Herald]]\|date\=October 18, 2014\|access\-date\=October 21, 2014}} It was also fewest that they allowed in a game since Week 12 of the 2012 season when they held the Vikings to 10 points. When the Bears held a two\-touchdown lead, Falcons fans began leaving the Dome, with Bears fans forcing the Falcons to utilize silent counts and had to call a timeout due to crowd noise and a ticking play clock.{{cite news\|last\=Cunningham\|first\=Michael\|url\=http://www.ajc.com/news/sports/football/noisy\-bears\-fans\-in\-dome\-affected\-falcons/nhjtJ/\|title\=Noisy Bears fans in Dome affected Falcons\|newspaper\=\[\[The Atlanta Journal\-Constitution]]\|date\=October 15, 2014\|access\-date\=October 24, 2014}}
#### Week 7: vs. Miami Dolphins
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Seven: Miami Dolphins at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\=October 19
\|time\=12:00 p.m. CDT
\|road\='''Dolphins'''
\|R1\=7\|R2\=7\|R3\=7\|R4\=6
\|home\=Bears
\|H1\=0\|H2\=0\|H3\=7\|H4\=7
\|stadium\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
\|attendance\=62,413
\|weather\={{convert\|50\|F\|C}}, partly cloudy
\|referee\=\[\[Pete Morelli]]
\|TV\=\[\[NFL on CBS\|CBS]]
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Greg Gumbel]], \[\[Trent Green]] and \[\[Evan Washburn]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014101902/2014/REG7/dolphins@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56264/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*MIA – \[\[Charles Clay (American football)\|Charles Clay]] 13 yard pass from \[\[Ryan Tannehill]], \[\[Caleb Sturgis]] XP good, 6:51 (MIA 7–0\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 81 yards, 4:24'''
;Second quarter
\*MIA – \[\[Mike Wallace (American football)\|Mike Wallace]] 10 yard pass from Ryan Tannehill, Caleb Sturgis XP good, 5:20 (MIA 14–0\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 23 yards, 1:33'''
;Third quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]] 10 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 7:59 (MIA 14–7\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 80 yards, 7:01'''
\*MIA – \[\[Lamar Miller]] 2 yard run, Caleb Sturgis XP good, 0:31 (MIA 21–7\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 83 yards, 7:28'''
;Fourth quarter
\*MIA – Caleb Sturgis 33 yard field goal, 13:31 (MIA 24–7\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 2 yards, 0:52'''
\*CHI – Matt Forte 1 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 7:38 (MIA 24–14\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 73 yards, 2:05'''
\*MIA – Caleb Sturgis 19 yard field goal, 2:13 (MIA 27–14\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 65 yards, 5:25'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* MIA – \[\[Ryan Tannehill]], 25/32, 277 yards, 2 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 21/34, 190 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT
;Top rushers
\* MIA – \[\[Lamar Miller]], 18 carries, 61 yards, 1 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 12 carries, 49 yards, 1 TD
;Top receivers
\* MIA – \[\[Mike Wallace (American football)\|Mike Wallace]], 5 receptions, 46 yards, 1 TD
\* CHI – Matt Forte, 6 receptions, 60 yards
;Top tacklers
\* MIA – \[\[Reshad Jones]], 7 tackles, 1 INT
\* CHI – \[\[Jeremiah Ratliff]], 5 tackles
}}
The Bears, seeking to avoid going 0–3 at home for the first time in ten years,{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\=400554270\|title\=Dolphins\-Bears Preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=October 25, 2014}} hosted the [Miami Dolphins](/wiki/2014_Miami_Dolphins_season "2014 Miami Dolphins season") in week seven, trailing the all\-time series 4–7, though the Bears won the most recent game in 2010 16–0\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=chi\&tm2\=mia\&yr\=all\|title\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs Miami Dolphins\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=October 22, 2014}} The Bears had struggled at home during the season, scoring a total of 37 points and a \-4 turnover differential; in contrast, the Bears had an average score of 26\.5 and a \+6 turnover difference on the road. In addition, Jay Cutler had nine passing touchdowns, two interceptions and a 104\.6 passer rating in away games, while having four touchdowns, four interceptions (three of which occurred in the second half) and a rating of 84\.7 at home, with a rating of 58\.1 after halftime. Chicago had to protect Cutler from the defensive line duo of [Cameron Wake](/wiki/Cameron_Wake "Cameron Wake") and [Olivier Vernon](/wiki/Olivier_Vernon "Olivier Vernon"), both recording 1\.5 sacks each in the previous week against the Packers. In addition, the Dolphins were ranked second in the league in sacks on third and fourth downs with 10\. However, the Bears' receivers posed a size threat to the Miami secondary, though Miami was ranked third in yards per pass attempt allowed with 6\.09, one of only eight teams allowing less than seven yards in 2014\. The Dolphins also allowed only 3\.8 yards per carry and yards allowed per play with 4\.7 yards. On defense, the Bears would have to prepare for a [Ryan Tannehill](/wiki/Ryan_Tannehill "Ryan Tannehill")\-led zone\-read option offense, which has an average drive length of 3:08, third\-fastest in the league. However, Tannehill could make mistakes, as he had thrown 35 interceptions in 37 career starts. The Dolphins also had the second\-fewest completions of at least 20 yards with 11\. The Bears would also have to watch the run game, which ranked third in the NFL with 4\.97 yards per carry. Entering the game, the Bears' defense was tied for the fourth\-most sacks (15\), third\-most interceptions (eight), and third in points recorded off turnovers (49\).{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/17/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-dolphins/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Dolphins\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=October 17, 2014\|access\-date\=October 25, 2014}} The Bears were the favorite by \-3\.{{cite web\|last\=Wilkening\|first\=Mike\|url\=http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\-10\-16/dolphins\-vs\-bears\-line\-pick\-spread\-betting\-odds\-prediction\-vegas\-week\-7\-nfl\|title\=Dolphins vs. Bears betting preview and pick – Favored Chicago hasn't delivered at home\|work\=\[\[Sporting News]]\|date\=October 16, 2014\|access\-date\=October 25, 2014\|archive\-date\=October 26, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026044608/http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\-10\-16/dolphins\-vs\-bears\-line\-pick\-spread\-betting\-odds\-prediction\-vegas\-week\-7\-nfl\|url\-status\=dead}} [Terrance Mitchell](/wiki/Terrance_Mitchell "Terrance Mitchell"), Ahmad Dixon, Chris Conte, Lance Briggs, Jon Bostic, Charles Leno, and Trevor Scott were scratches for the game,{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Dolphins/c20bb76c\-8ea5\-43a0\-b75f\-cc036f5c0141\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Dolphins\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 19, 2014\|access\-date\=October 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021160836/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Dolphins/c20bb76c\-8ea5\-43a0\-b75f\-cc036f5c0141\|archive\-date\=October 21, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} while Jermon Bushrod, Brandon Marshall, Robbie Gould, Ryan Mundy and Jeremiah Ratliff were team captains.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Kickoff\-Countdown\-Bears\-Dolphins/2cdacebd\-1163\-4191\-bf88\-9fa180148032\|title\=Kickoff Countdown: Bears\-Dolphins\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 19, 2014\|access\-date\=October 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020134623/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Kickoff\-Countdown\-Bears\-Dolphins/2cdacebd\-1163\-4191\-bf88\-9fa180148032\|archive\-date\=October 20, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
The Dolphins won the toss, and elected to receive. On the first play from scrimmage, Tannehill was sacked by Ratliff for a loss of five yards; Ratliff would finish the game with a career\-high 3\.5 sacks. After both teams punted on their first drives, the Dolphins scored first on Tannehill's 13\-yard touchdown pass to [Charles Clay](/wiki/Charles_Clay_%28American_football%29 "Charles Clay (American football)"). On the Bears' next drive, Cutler fumbled on his own 38\-yard line, but [Ka'Deem Carey](/wiki/Ka%27Deem_Carey "Ka'Deem Carey") recovered the ball; the Bears would punt three plays later. Miami's eventual drive lasted into the second quarter, but ended with [Caleb Sturgis](/wiki/Caleb_Sturgis "Caleb Sturgis") missing a 50\-yard field goal wide right. The Bears would reach the Dolphins' 37\-yard line, but Cutler's pass for Martellus Bennett was intercepted by [Reshad Jones](/wiki/Reshad_Jones "Reshad Jones"), who returned the pick to the Bears' 29\-yard line, and was stripped by Brandon Marshall, [Koa Misi](/wiki/Koa_Misi "Koa Misi") recovering at the 23\-yard line. The fumble was subsequently challenged, but was upheld. Miami would drive to the Bears' eight\-yard line, and two plays later, Tannehill threw a ten\-yard touchdown pass to [Mike Wallace](/wiki/Mike_Wallace_%28American_football%29 "Mike Wallace (American football)"). Both teams would exchange punts at the end of the half, Miami leading 14–0\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554270\.\=0\|title\=Miami Dolphins vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=November 8, 2014}} On their first drive of the second half, the Bears scored their first points of the game with Cutler's ten\-yard touchdown pass to Matt Forte, though the Dolphins retaliated on their next possession with [Lamar Miller](/wiki/Lamar_Miller "Lamar Miller")'s two\-yard touchdown run. The Bears' drive lasted into the fourth quarter, but ended at their own 24\-yard line when Wake strip\-sacked Cutler, recovering it at Chicago's 16\. The Dolphins would go three\-and\-out on the drive, resorting to Sturgis' 33\-yard field goal. On the Bears' next drive, Cutler threw a pass to [Dante Rosario](/wiki/Dante_Rosario "Dante Rosario"), who fumbled after being stripped by [Cortland Finnegan](/wiki/Cortland_Finnegan "Cortland Finnegan"), [Randy Starks](/wiki/Randy_Starks "Randy Starks") recovering at the Bears' 35\-yard line. However, the Dolphins failed to take advantage of the takeaway, Sturgis' 37\-yard field goal being blocked by Lamarr Houston.{{cite web\|last\=Neveau\|first\=James\|url\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/sports/Dolphins\-Bears\-Bostic\-Cutler\-Tannehill\-Marshall\-279707332\.html\|title\=Bears Look Listless in 27\-14 Loss to Dolphins\|publisher\=\[\[WMAQ\-TV]]\|date\=October 19, 2014\|access\-date\=November 11, 2014}} Starting from their own 27, the Bears reached the Dolphins' 44, and a defensive pass interference penalty on [Jason Taylor](/wiki/Jason_Taylor_%28American_football%29 "Jason Taylor (American football)") brought the Bears to the five\-yard line. Three plays later, Forte scored on a one\-yard run. The Dolphins would score on their next drive via Miller's four\-yard run, but was nullified by holding penalty on Clay; Sturgis would kick a 19\-yard field goal to make the score 27–14\. Chicago's final drive reached Miami's 15\-yard line, but the offense failed to gain ground, Cutler first throwing an incomplete pass, then fumbling but recovering, and finally throwing two more incomplete passes. Tannehill would kneel twice to end the game.
The Bears fell to 0–4 in games where Cutler throws an interception.{{cite news\|last\=Duarte\|first\=Michael\|url\=http://www.latintimes.com/dolphins\-vs\-bears\-27\-14\-recap\-watch\-ryan\-tannehill\-do\-his\-best\-impression\-running\-back\-270059\|title\=Dolphins Vs. Bears (27\-14\) Recap: Watch Ryan Tannehill Do His Best Impression Of A Running Back \[VIDEO]\|newspaper\=Latin Times\|date\=October 19, 2014\|access\-date\=November 8, 2014}} After the game, in the Bears' locker room, there were reports of shouting and players being pulled out of the room, with Marshall calling out Cutler, and Kyle Long criticizing the fans. Former Bears linebacker [Blake Costanzo](/wiki/Blake_Costanzo "Blake Costanzo") was also critical, stating Marc Trestman had "made the Bears soft".{{cite magazine\|url\=https://www.si.com/nfl/2014/10/19/chicago\-bears\-locker\-room\-loss\-dolphins\|title\=Reports: Loud yelling, screaming in Bears locker room after loss\|magazine\=\[\[Sports Illustrated]]\|date\=October 19, 2014\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014}} In an interview, Gould stated, "Everyone's trying to make this a story out of something that really wasn't that big of a deal. Obviously everyone's frustrated. Everyone wants to win. Our fans want to win. Coaches want to win. The players want to win. And everyone's obviously frustrated."{{cite news\|last\=Rosenbloom\|first\=Steve\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\-robbie\-gould\-brandon\-marshall\-rant\-20141020\-story.html\|title\=Robbie Gould downplays Brandon Marshall rant\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=October 20, 2014\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014}}
#### Week 8: at New England Patriots
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Eight: Chicago Bears at New England Patriots – Game summary
\|date\=October 26
\|time\=1:00 p.m. EDT/12:00 p.m. CDT
\|road\=Bears
\|R1\=0\|R2\=7\|R3\=8\|R4\=8
\|home\='''Patriots'''
\|H1\=7\|H2\=31\|H3\=7\|H4\=6
\|stadium\=\[\[Gillette Stadium]], \[\[Foxborough, Massachusetts]]
\|attendance\=68,756
\|weather\={{convert\|54\|F\|C}}, cloudy
\|referee\=Brad Allen
\|TV\=Fox
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Sam Rosen (sportscaster)\|Sam Rosen]], John Lynch and Pam Oliver
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014102605/2014/REG8/bears@patriots Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56282/NE\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*NE – \[\[Rob Gronkowski]] 6 yard pass from \[\[Tom Brady]], \[\[Stephen Gostkowski]] XP good, 9:41 (NE 7–0\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 55 yards, 2:22'''
;Second quarter
\*NE – Stephen Gostkowski 23 yard field goal, 14:57 (NE 10–0\). '''Drive: 17 plays, 68 yards, 14:57'''
\*NE – \[\[Tim Wright (American football)\|Tim Wright]] 1 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 8:09 (NE 17–0\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 76 yards, 5:27'''
\*CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]] 25 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 5:32 (NE 17–7\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 77 yards, 2:37'''
\*NE – Rob Gronkowski 2 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 1:52 (NE 24–7\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 80 yards, 3:40'''
\*NE – \[\[Brandon LaFell]] 9 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 1:07 (NE 31–7\). '''Drive: 1 plays, 9 yards, 0:04'''
\*NE – \[\[Rob Ninkovich]] 15 yard fumble return, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 0:55 (NE 38–7\).
;Third quarter
\*NE – Rob Gronkowski 46 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 12:42 (NE 45–7\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 80 yards, 2:18'''
\*CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]] 20 yard from Jay Cutler, Jay Cutler to Dante Rosario for two\-point conversion, 0:54 (NE 45–15\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 80 yards, 3:16'''
;Fourth quarter
\*NE – Stephen Gostkowski 27 yard field goal, 9:59 (NE 48–15\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 71 yards, 5:55'''
\*CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 10 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Jay Cutler to Matt Forte for two\-point conversion, 5:16 (NE 48–23\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 80 yards, 4:43'''
\*NE – Stephen Gostkowski 39 yard field goal, 2:09 (NE 51–23\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 21 yards, 3:07'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 20/30, 227 yards, 3 TD, 1 INT
\* NE – \[\[Tom Brady]], 30/35, 354 yards, 5 TD
;Top rushers
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 19 carries, 114 yards
\* NE – \[\[Jonas Gray]], 17 plays, 86 yards
;Top receivers
\* CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]], 6 receptions, 95 yards, 1 TD
\* NE – \[\[Brandon LaFell]], 11 receptions, 124 yards, 1 TD
;Top tacklers
\* CHI – \[\[D. J. Williams (linebacker)\|D. J. Williams]], 2 tackles
\* NE – \[\[Jamie Collins (American football)\|Jamie Collins]], 5 tackles
}}
The Bears visited [Gillette Stadium](/wiki/Gillette_Stadium "Gillette Stadium") in week eight to take on the [New England Patriots](/wiki/2014_New_England_Patriots_season "2014 New England Patriots season"), the first game in Foxborough for the Bears since 2006, which had ended in a 17–13 loss.{{cite web\|last1\=Reiss\|first1\=Dan\|last2\=Wright\|first2\=Michael C.\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/boston/new\-england\-patriots/post/\_/id/4770734/bears\-at\-patriots\-preview\|title\=Bears vs. Patriots preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=October 24, 2014\|access\-date\=November 12, 2014}} Chicago had never won in Foxborough, where the Patriots had won twelve consecutive games.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\=400554272\|title\=Bears\-Patriots Preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014}} The Bears trailed the all\-time series 3–8 entering the series, and lost the most recent meeting at home in 2010, 36–7\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=chi\&tm2\=nwe\&yr\=all\|title\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs New England Patriots\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014}} A target the Bears could attack was the Patriots' run defense, which had allowed a season\-high 218 rushing yards against the Jets, a combined 398 in losses to the [Kansas City Chiefs](/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs "Kansas City Chiefs") and Dolphins, and was ranked 24th in the league by allowing 126\.3 rushing yards per game on 28\.7 attempts, by utilizing Matt Forte, the fifth\-leading rusher in the NFL with 448 yards and league\-leading 52 receptions for 436 yards. In addition, New England did not have defenders [Jerod Mayo](/wiki/Jerod_Mayo "Jerod Mayo") and [Chandler Jones](/wiki/Chandler_Jones "Chandler Jones"), and had allowed fifteen drives lasting at least ten plays in 2014, all but one culminating in a score. However, the Patriots' pass defense was more stingy, forcing quarterbacks to throw three interceptions on passes longer than 21 yards with a 37\.1 passer rating, the sixth\-worst in the league. On defense, the Bears had to contain [Tom Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady "Tom Brady"), who had thrown for 964 yards, six touchdowns and three interceptions in three games against the Bears. Likewise, tight end [Rob Gronkowski](/wiki/Rob_Gronkowski "Rob Gronkowski") was among the targets of Brady, whose 42 of 68 targeted throws were to tight ends, seventh\-most in the NFL. 71 percent of Gronkowski's catches had resulted in first downs, though he had caught only 31 of his 56 targets, and while Brady had never completed less than 60 percent of passes in his career, Miami and New York forced him to complete less than 55 percent. While the Bears could blitz Brady, they would have to prepare for the Patriots' no\-huddle offense and Brady's quickie release. However, the Patriots' rushing offense was ranked only 26th in yards per carry with 3\.75, though they had recorded 4\.76 yards per first down rush.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/24/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-patriots/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Patriots\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=October 24, 2014\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014}} Like in week two, Mike Ditka was the lone ESPN analyst to predict a Bears victory.{{cite news\|last\=Just\|first\=David\|url\=http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/inside\-the\-bears/mike\-ditka\-is\-lone\-espn\-analyst\-to\-pick\-bears\-over\-patriots/\|title\=Mike Ditka is lone ESPN analyst to pick Bears over Patriots\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Sun\-Times]]\|date\=October 24, 2014\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129025542/http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/inside\-the\-bears/mike\-ditka\-is\-lone\-espn\-analyst\-to\-pick\-bears\-over\-patriots/\|archive\-date\=2014\-11\-29\|url\-status\=dead}} Terrance Mitchell, Danny McCray, Ahmad Dixon, Lance Briggs, Jon Bostic, Jordan Mills, and Charles Leno were inactive for the game.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Patriots/ce3671d9\-f5bd\-41ac\-8308\-2399a4abff0a\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Patriots\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 26, 2014\|access\-date\=November 18, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103115011/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Patriots/ce3671d9\-f5bd\-41ac\-8308\-2399a4abff0a\|archive\-date\=November 3, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
After winning the coin toss, New England kicked off. The Bears punted on their first drive, while the Patriots scored on their first possession with Brady's six\-yard touchdown pass to Gronkowski. The Bears would punt on their next two drives, while the Patriots scored on their following drives in the second quarter, with [Stephen Gostkowski](/wiki/Stephen_Gostkowski "Stephen Gostkowski")'s 23\-yard field goal and Brady's one\-yard touchdown pass to [Tim Wright](/wiki/Tim_Wright_%28American_football%29 "Tim Wright (American football)"). On the Bears' ensuing possession, Jay Cutler's pass for Martellus Bennett was intercepted by [Devin McCourty](/wiki/Devin_McCourty "Devin McCourty"), though it would be nullified by [Brandon Browner](/wiki/Brandon_Browner "Brandon Browner")'s illegal contact penalty.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554272\.\=0\|title\=Chicago Bears vs. New England Patriots – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=November 19, 2014}} The Patriots would score three times in 57 seconds: with 1:52 left in the second quarter, Brady threw a two\-yard touchdown pass to Gronkowski;{{cite news\|last\=Pepin\|first\=Matt\|url\=https://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/2014/10/26/patriots\-score\-three\-times\-minute\-during\-second\-quarter\-bears/VLtRgeEXf1Xz73FSbmqxzI/story.html\|title\=Patriots score three times in 57 seconds during second quarter vs. Bears\|newspaper\=\[\[The Boston Globe]]\|date\=October 26, 2014\|access\-date\=November 19, 2014}} the Bears punted on the next drive, the Patriots returning it 42 yards to the Bears' 19\-yard line, and a holding penalty on Trevor Scott moved the ball to the nine, where Brady threw a touchdown pass to [Brandon LaFell](/wiki/Brandon_LaFell "Brandon LaFell") with 1:07 remaining. On the Bears' next play, Cutler fumbled, and [Rob Ninkovich](/wiki/Rob_Ninkovich "Rob Ninkovich") recovered, scoring on the 15\-yard return with 55 seconds left in the half. The Bears' final drive of the half ended with Cutler's pass for Brandon Marshall being intercepted by [Darrelle Revis](/wiki/Darrelle_Revis "Darrelle Revis") at the Patriots' five\-yard line. On New England's first drive of the second half, they extended the lead to 45–7 with Brady's 46\-yard touchdown pass to Gronkowski. After the Bears failed to convert on 4th\-and\-10 from the Patriots' 26, the Patriots were forced to punt for the first and only time in the game. The Bears would score on the following possession with Cutler's 20\-yard touchdown pass to Bennett, followed by a two\-point conversion pass to Dante Rosario being completed. The Patriots' next drive would last into the fourth quarter, and ended with Gostkowski's 27\-yard field goal. Chicago would then score on their following drive with Cutler's ten\-yard touchdown pass to Alshon Jeffery, followed by Cutler's two\-point conversion pass to Matt Forte, decreasing the deficit to 25 points. Patriots' backup quarterback [Jimmy Garoppolo](/wiki/Jimmy_Garoppolo "Jimmy Garoppolo") substituted for Brady on their next drive, and five plays later, Lamarr Houston sacked Garoppolo, his first sack of the year. However, when he was celebrating, Houston tore his ACL, and would be out for the rest of the season.{{cite web\|last\=Rosenthal\|first\=Gregg\|url\=https://www.nfl.com/news/bears\-lamarr\-houston\-tears\-acl\-while\-celebrating\-0ap3000000418019\|title\=Bears' Lamarr Houston tears ACL while celebrating\|publisher\=\[\[National Football League]]\|date\=October 27, 2014\|access\-date\=November 19, 2014}} Gostkowski would kick a 39\-yard field goal to make the score 51–23\. Jimmy Clausen replaced Cutler on the Bears' last drive, ending with the Bears failing to convert on 4th down. Garoppolo would kneel once to end the game.
Until the week ten game against the Packers, the 38 points allowed in the first half were the most in team history.
#### Week 9: Bye week
The Bears entered the bye week with a 3–5 record, tied with the [Vikings](/wiki/2014_Minnesota_Vikings_season "2014 Minnesota Vikings season") for last in the NFC North, two games behind the Packers, and four behind the [Detroit Lions](/wiki/2014_Detroit_Lions_season "2014 Detroit Lions season").{{cite web\|last\=Kaberon\|first\=Eli\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Notes\-From\-The\-North\-Week\-8/41b3f64d\-dde8\-411f\-8a15\-b19d226a39dd\|title\=Notes From The North: Week 8\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 27, 2014\|access\-date\=November 22, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105210106/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Notes\-From\-The\-North\-Week\-8/41b3f64d\-dde8\-411f\-8a15\-b19d226a39dd\|archive\-date\=November 5, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} The last time the Bears had been 3–5, yet made the playoffs was in [1979](/wiki/1979_Chicago_Bears_season "1979 Chicago Bears season"), and had also performed the feat in [1977](/wiki/1977_Chicago_Bears_season "1977 Chicago Bears season"), while the last time that Chicago had made the playoffs after having a record of two games below .500 occurred in [2005](/wiki/2005_Chicago_Bears_season "2005 Chicago Bears season"), when the team was 1–3, but finished the regular season 11–5\.{{cite web\|last\=Mullin\|first\=John\|url\=http://www.csnchicago.com/bears/bears\-face\-deepening\-nightmare\-after\-humiliation\-patriots\|title\=Bears face deepening nightmare after humiliation by Patriots\|publisher\=\[\[Comcast SportsNet Chicago]]\|date\=October 26, 2014\|access\-date\=November 22, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030021154/http://www.csnchicago.com/bears/bears\-face\-deepening\-nightmare\-after\-humiliation\-patriots\|archive\-date\=2014\-10\-30\|url\-status\=dead}}
On offense, the Bears were tied for seventh in the league in passes per game with 37\.4 and 27th in rushing attempts per game with 23\.5\. The offense had also regressed in points scored per game; in [2013](/wiki/2013_Chicago_Bears_season "2013 Chicago Bears season"), the team averaged 27\.8 points, while after eight games in 2014, had scored only 22\.4,{{cite web\|last\=Kaberon\|first\=Eli\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Trestman\-seeks\-improvement/d2d269ed\-ce3d\-4b47\-8e50\-39d0504936cb\|title\=Trestman seeks improvement\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 30, 2014\|access\-date\=November 22, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031213645/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Trestman\-seeks\-improvement/d2d269ed\-ce3d\-4b47\-8e50\-39d0504936cb\|archive\-date\=October 31, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} despite having all 11 starters from 2013 returning. In their first three games, the Bears had a \+4 turnover margin with eight turnovers forced and four turnovers allowed, but in their last five games, the margin was \-7 with four takeaways and 11 giveaways, including \-5 in the previous two games with no forced turnovers and five allowed turnovers; this marked the first time that the Bears had failed to force a turnover in consecutive games since [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season "2010 Chicago Bears season").{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Emery\-Bears\-will\-not\-quit\-on\-season/6f5ae28e\-7efb\-43c0\-8a0f\-437d4032f334\|title\=Emery: Bears will not quit on season\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 27, 2014\|access\-date\=November 22, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105211713/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Emery\-Bears\-will\-not\-quit\-on\-season/6f5ae28e\-7efb\-43c0\-8a0f\-437d4032f334\|archive\-date\=November 5, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} Despite these struggles, the Bears' offense had the league's fifth\-best red zone scoring percentage with 88\.5\.{{cite web\|last\=Kaberon\|first\=Eli\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/By\-The\-Numbers\-Bye\-Week/1e18434e\-7e6c\-4e4b\-8ad6\-ede4f0edbcbc\|title\=By The Numbers: Bye Week\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=October 30, 2014\|access\-date\=November 22, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108155127/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/By\-The\-Numbers\-Bye\-Week/1e18434e\-7e6c\-4e4b\-8ad6\-ede4f0edbcbc\|archive\-date\=November 8, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
#### Week 10: at Green Bay Packers
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Ten: Chicago Bears at Green Bay Packers – Game summary
\|date\=November 9
\|time\=7:30 p.m. CST
\|road\=Bears
\|R1\=0\|R2\=0\|R3\=7\|R4\=7
\|home\='''Packers'''
\|H1\=14\|H2\=28\|H3\=6\|H4\=7
\|stadium\=\[\[Lambeau Field]], \[\[Green Bay, Wisconsin]]
\|attendance\=78,292
\|weather\={{convert\|34\|F\|C}}, mostly cloudy
\|referee\=\[\[Craig Wrolstad]]
\|TV\=NBC
\|TVAnnouncers\=Al Michaels, Cris Collinsworth and Michele Tafoya
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014110910/2014/REG10/bears@packers Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56315/GB\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*GB – \[\[Brandon Bostick]] 1 yard pass from \[\[Aaron Rodgers]], \[\[Mason Crosby]] XP good, 6:13 (GB 7–0\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 71 yards, 5:44'''
\*GB – \[\[Andrew Quarless]] 4 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 3:52 (GB 14–0\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 23 yards, 4:01'''
;Second quarter
\*GB – \[\[Jordy Nelson]] 73 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 14:48 (GB 21–0\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 72 yards, 0:34'''
\*GB – Jordy Nelson 40 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 12:09 (GB 28–0\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 54 yards, 1:30'''
\*GB – \[\[Eddie Lacy]] 56 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 4:48 (GB 35–0\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 95 yards, 3:10'''
\*GB – \[\[Randall Cobb (American football)\|Randall Cobb]] 18 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 0:14 (GB 42–0\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 32 yards, 0:48'''
;Third quarter
\*GB – Mason Crosby 20 yard field goal, 10:48 (GB 45–0\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 6 yards, 1:01'''
\*CHI – \[\[Brandon Marshall]] 45 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 7:44 (GB 45–7\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 75 yards, 3:04'''
\*GB – Mason Crosby 52 yard field goal, 5:27 (GB 48–7\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 46 yards, 2:17'''
;Fourth quarter
\*GB – \[\[Casey Hayward]] 82 yard interception return, Mason Crosby XP good, 10:41 (GB 55–7\).
\*CHI – \[\[Chris Williams (wide receiver)\|Chris Williams]] 101 yard kick return, Robbie Gould XP good, 10:27 (GB 55–14\).
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 22/37, 272 yards, 1 TD, 2 INT
\* GB – \[\[Aaron Rodgers]], 18/27, 315 yards, 6 TD
;Top rushers
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 17 carries, 54 yards
\* GB – \[\[DuJuan Harris]], 8 carries, 52 yards
;Top receivers
\* CHI – \[\[Brandon Marshall]], 8 receptions, 112 yards, 1 TD
\* GB – \[\[Jordy Nelson]], 6 receptions, 152 yards, 2 TD
;Top tacklers
\* CHI – \[\[Ryan Mundy]], 9 tackles
\* GB – \[\[Clay Matthews III]], 9 tackles
}}
The Bears played the Packers for the second time in the season, this time on the road at [Lambeau Field](/wiki/Lambeau_Field "Lambeau Field"), where the Packers had won all three of their home games in 2014 with a league\-high 37\.0 points per game at home. The game was broadcast on *[NBC Sunday Night Football](/wiki/NBC_Sunday_Night_Football "NBC Sunday Night Football")*, the ninth consecutive year that a Bears\-Packers was held in [prime time](/wiki/Prime_time "Prime time").{{cite web\|url\=http://www.packers.com/news\-and\-events/article\-infographic/article\-1/Infographic\-Packers\-vs\-Bears\-game\-preview/17ba31ec\-70d5\-4063\-b759\-8e6383594ad6\|title\=Infographic: Packers vs. Bears game preview\|work\=\[\[Green Bay Packers]]\|date\=November 7, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205030854/http://www.packers.com/news\-and\-events/article\-infographic/article\-1/Infographic\-Packers\-vs\-Bears\-game\-preview/17ba31ec\-70d5\-4063\-b759\-8e6383594ad6\|archive\-date\=December 5, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} Entering the game, Jay Cutler had struggled against the Packers, with a 67\.0 passer rating, the lowest against any team. He also had thrown 13 touchdowns against 19 interceptions, and heading into the game, led the league in turnovers with 12, which led to 44 total points by opponents.{{cite web\|last1\=Demovsky\|first1\=Rob\|last2\=Wright\|first2\=Michael C.\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/green\-bay\-packers/post/\_/id/14936/bears\-vs\-packers\-preview\|title\=Bears vs. Packers preview\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=November 7, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} However, the Bears' rushing attack took on the Packers' worst\-ranked run defense, which had allowed 153\.5 yards per game on 32\.1 rushing attempts. The offense had to avoid long\-distance drives, as they were ranked 29th in the NFL in points scored outside the red zone with 31\. On defense, the Bears' rushing defense faced a Green Bay rushing game that was one of ten teams in the NFL to average less than 100 yards per game with 97\.5 yards on 24\.3 attempt, which ranked 26th, ahead of the Bears by one spot. However, the Packers also averaged 4\.02 yards per carry and 4\.3 yards per carry on first down. The Bears' pass defense also had to face Aaron Rodgers, who ranked third in the league with 8\.22 yards per pass. In addition, the team had to be wary in the event they attempted to blitz; Rodgers had the highest passer rating against the blitz with 130\.71, along with eight touchdowns and one interception.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/07/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-packers\-2/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Packers\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=November 7, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} Over their previous five games, the Packers had scored an average of 33\.6 points, while the Bears had allowed 32 average points in their last five games. The Packers were seven\-point favorites, and the game's [over/under](/wiki/Over/under "Over/under") of 53\.5 points is the highest total of week ten games.{{cite news\|last\=Riccobono\|first\=Anthony\|url\=http://www.ibtimes.com/green\-bay\-packers\-vs\-chicago\-bears\-prediction\-betting\-odds\-preview\-2014\-week\-10\-game\-1720695\|title\=Green Bay Packers Vs. Chicago Bears: Prediction, Betting Odds, Preview For 2014 Week 10 Game\|newspaper\=\[\[International Business Times]]\|date\=November 7, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} Terrance Mitchell, Khaseem Greene, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, [Blake Annen](/wiki/Blake_Annen "Blake Annen"), David Bass, and [DeDe Lattimore](/wiki/DeDe_Lattimore "DeDe Lattimore") were the inactives for the game.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Packers/989714bf\-bc0f\-4ee8\-88e7\-d819d9b2f0bd\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Packers\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 9, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113070306/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Packers/989714bf\-bc0f\-4ee8\-88e7\-d819d9b2f0bd\|archive\-date\=November 13, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
The Bears won the coin toss, and received, but punted after their first drive. From their own 29\-yard line, the Packers drove to the Bears' one, where Rodgers threw a one\-yard touchdown pass to [Brandon Bostick](/wiki/Brandon_Bostick "Brandon Bostick"). On the second play of the Bears' next drive, Cutler was intercepted by [Micah Hyde](/wiki/Micah_Hyde_%28American_football%29 "Micah Hyde (American football)"), and the Packers converted the turnover into a Rodgers' four\-yard touchdown pass to [Andrew Quarless](/wiki/Andrew_Quarless "Andrew Quarless"). After the Bears were forced to punt again, the Packers' drive (which lasted into the second quarter) ended with Rodgers throwing a 73\-yard touchdown pass to Jordy Nelson, and scored again after the Bears punted for the fourth consecutive time, this time on Rodgers' 40\-yard touchdown pass to Nelson. On Chicago's next possession, the offense reached the Packers' four\-yard line, but on 4th down, Cutler's pass to Alshon Jeffery was incomplete, and from their own five\-yard line, the Packers eventually scored on Rodgers' 56\-yard touchdown pass to Eddie Lacy. Chicago's next drive again led to zero points, with Cutler being sacked on 4th down by [Morgan Burnett](/wiki/Morgan_Burnett "Morgan Burnett"). The Packers reclaimed the ball on their 43\-yard line, but two plays later, reached the Bears' seven\-yard line after Tim Jennings was flagged for pass interference of 53 yards. However, Randall Cobb fumbled after being stripped by Lance Briggs, Ryan Mundy recovering in the endzone. However, the Bears would give the ball back with Cutler being strip\-sacked by [Julius Peppers](/wiki/Julius_Peppers "Julius Peppers") at the Bears' 37\-yard line. The Packers would extend their lead to 42–0 with Rodgers throwing an 18\-yard touchdown pass to Cobb. The Bears ended the first half with a kneel. In the third quarter, the Packers punted for the first time in the game, the ball being returned for no gain at the Bears' 30\-yard line, but would be pushed back to the 15\-yard line due to Teddy Williams' personal foul penalty. After the Bears went three\-and\-out,{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554403\.\=0\|title\=Chicago Bears vs. Green Bay Packers – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} Pat O'Donnell's punt was kicked by [Jarrett Boykin](/wiki/Jarrett_Boykin "Jarrett Boykin") and recovered by O'Donnell; the block was officially recorded as a fumble, and as a result, the Bears were considered to have turned the ball on downs.{{cite web\|last\=Breech\|first\=Josh\|url\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\-on\-football/24793799/bears\-line\-up\-to\-punt\-packers\-kick\-ball\-instead\|title\=Bears line up to punt, Packers kick ball instead\|publisher\=\[\[CBSSports.com]]\|date\=November 9, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014\|archive\-date\=November 10, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110072941/http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\-on\-football/24793799/bears\-line\-up\-to\-punt\-packers\-kick\-ball\-instead\|url\-status\=dead}} The Packers would score on Mason Crosby's 20\-yard field goal. Despite a chance to tie the NFL record for most touchdown passes in a game,{{cite web\|last\=Gantt\|first\=Darin\|url\=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/11/09/packers\-turn\-to\-matt\-flynn\-for\-the\-rest\-of\-this\-beauty/\|title\=Packers turn to Matt Flynn for the rest of this beauty\|publisher\=\[\[Profootballtalk.com]]\|date\=November 9, 2014}} Rodgers was pulled for the Packers' third drive of the quarter for [Matt Flynn](/wiki/Matt_Flynn_%28American_football%29 "Matt Flynn (American football)"). The Bears scored their first points of the game off Cutler's 45\-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall. Crosby would kick another field goal, this time a 52\-yarder, to make the score 48–7\. After both teams exchanged punts, the Bears' drive, which went into the final quarter, reached the Packers' 18\-yard line, but Cutler's pass for Matt Forte hit Kyle Long's head, and bounced into [Casey Hayward](/wiki/Casey_Hayward "Casey Hayward")'s hands, who scored on the 82\-yard return.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.packers.com/media\-center/videos/Casey\-Haywards\-82\-yard\-pick\-six/c63f23e7\-0250\-49fb\-82bf\-836e8a4451ed\|title\=Casey Hayward's 82\-yard pick\-six\|work\=\[\[Green Bay Packers]]\|date\=November 9, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205013616/http://www.packers.com/media\-center/videos/Casey\-Haywards\-82\-yard\-pick\-six/c63f23e7\-0250\-49fb\-82bf\-836e8a4451ed\|archive\-date\=December 5, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} On the ensuing kickoff, with blocking along the Bears' sideline,{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\-Williams\-101\-yard\-kick\-return/1227d00b\-4ac0\-4601\-a162\-7e31c8a27b70\|title\=NFLN: Williams 101\-yard kick return\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 9, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112223949/http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\-Williams\-101\-yard\-kick\-return/1227d00b\-4ac0\-4601\-a162\-7e31c8a27b70\|archive\-date\=November 12, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} [Chris Williams](/wiki/Chris_Williams_%28wide_receiver%29 "Chris Williams (wide receiver)") scored on the 101\-yard return to make the score 55–14\. After the Packers punted again, Jimmy Clausen replaced Cutler for the Bears' final drive, but was sacked by [Sam Barrington](/wiki/Sam_Barrington "Sam Barrington") on 4th down; the Packers would run out the clock to end the game.
The 42 points allowed in the first half was a franchise record,{{cite news\|last\=Armas\|first\=Genaro C.\|url\=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/10/aaron\-rodgers\-packers\-bears\-record\-half\_n\_6130674\.html\|title\=Aaron Rodgers Throws 6 TD Passes In 1st Half As Packers Crush Bears 55\-14\|newspaper\=\[\[The Huffington Post]]\|date\=November 10, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} and the six touchdown passes allowed in the half was an NFL record. By allowing 51 and 55 points against the Patriots and Packers, respectively, the Bears became the first team since the 1923 [Rochester Jeffersons](/wiki/1923_Rochester_Jeffersons_season "1923 Rochester Jeffersons season") to allow at least 50 points in two consecutive games.{{cite web\|last\=Neveau\|first\=James\|url\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Packers\-Bears\-Sunday\-Night\-Lambeau\-Field\-Cutler\-Rodgers\-282090151\.html\|title\=Packers Bludgeon Bears 55\-14 in Embarrassing Rout\|publisher\=\[\[WMAQ\-TV]]\|date\=November 10, 2014\|access\-date\=November 10, 2014}}
#### Week 11: vs. Minnesota Vikings
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Eleven: Minnesota Vikings at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\=November 16
\|time\=12:00 p.m. CST
\|road\=Vikings
\|R1\=10\|R2\=0\|R3\=0\|R4\=3
\|home\='''Bears'''
\|H1\=0\|H2\=14\|H3\=0\|H4\=7
\|stadium\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
\|attendance\=61,792
\|weather\={{convert\|31\|F\|C}}, cloudy, flurries
\|referee\=\[\[Ron Torbert]]
\|TV\=CBS
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Kevin Harlan]], \[\[Rich Gannon]] and \[\[Stacey Dales]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014111601/2014/REG11/vikings@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56319/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*MIN – \[\[Blair Walsh]] 50 yard field goal, 11:21 (MIN 3–0\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 39 yards, 3:39'''
\*MIN – \[\[Rhett Ellison]] 7 yard pass from \[\[Teddy Bridgewater]], Blair Walsh XP good, 3:16 (MIN 10–0\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 63 yards, 2:46'''
;Second quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 27 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 13:06 (MIN 10–7\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 81 yards, 5:10'''
\*CHI – \[\[Brandon Marshall]] 44 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 2:49 (CHI 14–10\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 73 yards, 1:47'''
;Third quarter
\*No scoring
;Fourth quarter
\*CHI – Brandon Marshall 4 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 8:51 (CHI 21–10\). '''Drive: 16 plays, 72 yards, 7:35'''
\*MIN – Blair Walsh 26 yard field goal, 4:04 (CHI 21–13\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 52 yards, 4:47'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* MIN – \[\[Teddy Bridgewater]], 18/28, 158 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 31/43, 330 yards, 3 TD, 2 INT
;Top rushers
\* MIN – \[\[Andrew Sendejo]], 1 carry, 48 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 26 carries, 117 yards
;Top receivers
\* MIN – \[\[Charles Johnson (wide receiver, born 1989\)\|Charles Johnson]], 6 receptions, 87 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]], 11 receptions, 135 yards, 1 TD
;Top tacklers
\* MIN – \[\[Chad Greenway]], 9 tackles
\* CHI – \[\[Demontre Hurst]], 6 tackles
}}
[thumb\|Jared Allen (center) giving a pre\-game speech prior to week eleven](/wiki/File:Jared_Allen_speech.jpg "Jared Allen speech.jpg")
Chicago hosted the 4–5 Vikings in week eleven, the Vikings leading the [all\-time rivalry](/wiki/Bears-Vikings_rivalry "Bears-Vikings rivalry") 53–51–4,{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=min\&tm2\=chi\&yr\=all\|title\=Boxscore finder: Minnesota Vikings vs Chicago Bears\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} though the Bears had won six consecutive games at Soldier Field between the two teams, dating back to [2007](/wiki/2007_Chicago_Bears_season "2007 Chicago Bears season"). Jeff Joniak stated the Bears must "play smart"; for instance, on offense, the Bears would have to watch for pressure from a blitz\-happy [Mike Zimmer](/wiki/Mike_Zimmer "Mike Zimmer")\-led defense, which ranked third in the league in sacks with 30, 20 of which were in their last four games, and was also ranked third in the NFL in hurries with 60, and forced offenses to commit a league\-leading 13 holding penalties. The pass rush would try to attack Jay Cutler, who was tied for the most turnovers with 15, and was sacked 23 times. On first down, the Vikings blitzed 32 percent of the time, and 38 percent on third down. The Vikings also ranked fourth against the pass, allowing 213\.6 yards per game. The Vikings had also improved on points allowed, allowing 18\.3 points in their last four games after permitting 30\.0 in the previous four. However, the Vikings' rush defense was allowing 5 yards per carry on first down. Defensively, the Bears were struggling, allowing a league\-most 30\.8 points per game while ranking 28th against the pass, allowing 268\.6 yards per game. Despite Vikings' star running back [Adrian Peterson](/wiki/Adrian_Peterson "Adrian Peterson") being suspended for the game,{{cite web\|last\=Bechtold\|first\=Tyler\|url\=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/vikings\-bears\-preview\-214710575\-\-nfl.html\|title\=Vikings\-Bears Preview\|publisher\=\[\[Yahoo! Sports]]\|date\=November 12, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014\|archive\-date\=December 5, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205182030/http://sports.yahoo.com/news/vikings\-bears\-preview\-214710575\-\-nfl.html\|url\-status\=dead}} [Matt Asiata](/wiki/Matt_Asiata "Matt Asiata") and [Jerick McKinnon](/wiki/Jerick_McKinnon "Jerick McKinnon") had seven runs of 20 yards or more, and the latter averaged 5\.0 yards per carry. In the passing game, the Vikings struggled without tight end [Kyle Rudolph](/wiki/Kyle_Rudolph "Kyle Rudolph"), but he made his return in week eleven. Rookie quarterback [Teddy Bridgewater](/wiki/Teddy_Bridgewater "Teddy Bridgewater") was average in terms of accuracy and arm strength, having completed 53\.9 percent of his passes, including 66 percent on third down, and while [Greg Jennings](/wiki/Greg_Jennings "Greg Jennings") had caught 60 percent of targets, [Cordarrelle Patterson](/wiki/Cordarrelle_Patterson "Cordarrelle Patterson") only caught 46 percent. The Vikings' third down offense also struggled without Rudolph and Peterson, with a 36\.5 conversion percentage, and at the line, [Matt Kalil](/wiki/Matt_Kalil "Matt Kalil") had allowed a league\-high 12 sacks. Both teams had struggled in moving the ball downfield, with the Bears and Vikings having 32 and 33 drives start inside their own 20\-yard lines, respectively, and the latter being the second\-most in the NFL. On such drives, Chicago had a touchdown, 14 points, and six turnovers, while Minnesota had no touchdowns, 6 points, and four turnovers.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/14/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-vikings/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Vikings\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=November 14, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} Josh Morgan, Terrance Mitchell, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, Jordan Mills, Trevor Scott, and Blake Annen were the Bears' inactive players.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Vikings/6a107f28\-7c9d\-479f\-b173\-d7f29d81b172\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Vikings\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 16, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119053914/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Vikings/6a107f28\-7c9d\-479f\-b173\-d7f29d81b172\|archive\-date\=November 19, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
The Bears won the toss, and elected to defer. On their opening drive, the Vikings scored on [Blair Walsh](/wiki/Blair_Walsh "Blair Walsh")'s 50\-yard field goal. During the Bears' next drive, a play was whistled dead because Minnesota wanted to challenge whether a previous play was a fumble, and when Cutler voiced his complaints to the referees, he was penalized 15 yards for unsportsmanlike conduct;{{cite web\|last\=Fogel\|first\=Anna\|url\=http://nesn.com/2014/11/jay\-cutler\-freaks\-out\-on\-refs\-gets\-flagged\-for\-yelling\-at\-them\-gif/\|title\=Jay Cutler Freaks Out On Refs, Gets Flagged For Yelling At Them (GIF)\|publisher\=\[\[New England Sports Network]]\|date\=November 16, 2014\|access\-date\=December 3, 2014}} the ruling eventually stood, costing the Vikings their first timeout. The Bears later attempted to tie the score with Robbie Gould's 47\-yard field goal, but missed the kick wide right.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-readReact/Read\-and\-React\-Bears\-Vikings/7d41ad8f\-9c1d\-408b\-a8e8\-6432f1a4dd1c\|title\=Read and React: Bears\-Vikings\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 16, 2014\|access\-date\=December 1, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204083442/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-readReact/Read\-and\-React\-Bears\-Vikings/7d41ad8f\-9c1d\-408b\-a8e8\-6432f1a4dd1c\|archive\-date\=December 4, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} Later in the quarter, the Vikings extended their lead by ten with Bridgewater's seven\-yard touchdown pass to [Rhett Ellison](/wiki/Rhett_Ellison "Rhett Ellison").{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554340\.\=0\|title\=Minnesota Vikings vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=December 1, 2014}} The Bears' next drive lasted into the second quarter, and ended on the fourth play of the quarter with Cutler's 27\-yard touchdown pass to Alshon Jeffery. After both teams exchanged punts, the Bears were pinned on their own 27\-yard line after a 20\-yard illegal block penalty on [Christian Jones](/wiki/Christian_Jones_%28American_football%29 "Christian Jones (American football)"). However, the Bears were able to reach the Vikings' 44\-yard line, where Cutler threw a touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall, who outjumped Robinson for the catch; the score gave the Bears the 14–10 lead, the first time the Bears had led since week six against the Falcons, snapping a 207\-minute, 11 second lead\-less streak. After the Vikings punted again, the Bears' final possession of the first half ended after three plays: with 15 seconds remaining, the Bears called their final timeout of the half, and on the next play, Cutler was intercepted by [Xavier Rhodes](/wiki/Xavier_Rhodes "Xavier Rhodes") on a long pass to Jeffery. Bridgewater kneeled once to end the half. In the second half, the Bears started on their own 17\-yard line, but reached the Vikings' one\-yard line on 12 plays. On 4th and 1, Cutler attempted a [quarterback sweep](/wiki/Sweep_%28American_football%29%23QB_sweep "Sweep (American football)#QB sweep"), but was tackled for no gain by [Tom Johnson](/wiki/Tom_Johnson_%28defensive_tackle%2C_born_1984%29 "Tom Johnson (defensive tackle, born 1984)"). After the Vikings punted, the Bears' following drive was ended when Cutler, attempting to avoid pressure from Johnson, had his pass for Martellus Bennett intercepted by [Harrison Smith](/wiki/Harrison_Smith "Harrison Smith"), who returned the pick 52 yards to the Chicago 27\-yard line. However, the Vikings failed to capitalize on the takeaway, and at the Bears' 20\-yard line, Walsh's field goal sailed wide right. The Bears' responding drive went into the final quarter, and ended with Cutler's four\-yard touchdown pass to Marshall, killing 7:35 on the game clock on the possession. Minnesota attempted to respond with a scoring drive, and drew within eight points with Walsh's 26\-yard field goal. On Chicago's next drive, the offense ran exclusively running plays for Matt Forte, which forced the Vikings to use all three of their timeouts, and the Bears would later be forced to punt, ending a drive that burned 2:01 off the clock. On the Vikings' first play of their final drive, Bridgewater was sacked by Willie Young for a five\-yard loss, though the clock was stopped by the [two\-minute warning](/wiki/Two-minute_warning "Two-minute warning"). The Vikings then recorded two consecutive first downs on Bridgewater's passes of 21 and 14 yards to [Charles Johnson](/wiki/Charles_Johnson_%28wide_receiver%2C_born_1989%29 "Charles Johnson (wide receiver, born 1989)") and McKinnon, respectively, and the next pass to Johnson resulted in a seven\-yard gain to the Bears' 36\-yard line. With less than a minute remaining, Bridgewater attempted to throw a pass to Johnson in the endzone, but was intercepted by Ryan Mundy. Cutler kneeled once to seal the 21–13 victory.
The win was the first at Soldier Field for the Bears of the 2014 season, and the first in eleven months, dating back to the October 9, 2013 game against the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/2013_Dallas_Cowboys_season "2013 Dallas Cowboys season").{{cite web\|last\=Durkin\|first\=Dan\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/15/durkins\-preview\-bears\-vikings/\|title\=Durkin's Preview: Bears\-Vikings\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=November 15, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}}
#### Week 12: vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\=background\-color:\#03182f; color:\#df6108; border:2px solid \#df6108; text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Twelve: Tampa Bay Buccaneers at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\=November 23
\|time\=12:00 p.m. CST
\|road\=Buccaneers
\|R1\=0\|R2\=10\|R3\=0\|R4\=3
\|home\='''Bears'''
\|H1\=0\|H2\=0\|H3\=21\|H4\=0
\|stadium\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
\|attendance\=61,109
\|weather\={{convert\|54\|F\|C}}, cloudy
\|referee\=\[\[Walt Coleman]]
\|TV\=Fox
\|TVAnnouncers\=Thom Brennaman, David Diehl and Laura Okmin
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014112302/2014/REG12/buccaneers@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56334/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*No scoring
;Second quarter
\*TB – \[\[Mike Evans (wide receiver)\|Mike Evans]] 19 yard pass from \[\[Josh McCown]], \[\[Patrick Murray (American football)\|Patrick Murray]] XP good, 13:24 (TB 7–0\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 46 yards, 3:15'''
\*TB – Patrick Murray 32 yard field goal, 0:04 (TB 10–0\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 74 yards, 1:44'''
;Third quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 2 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 10:33 (TB 10–7\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 58 yards, 3:28'''
\*CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]] 13 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 4:51 (CHI 14–10\). '''Drive: 1 play, 13 yards, 0:06'''
\*CHI – Matt Forte 1 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 3:02 (CHI 21–10\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 15 yards, 1:36'''
;Fourth quarter
\*TB – Patrick Murray 39 yard field goal, 4:56 (CHI 21–13\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 51 yards, 2:55'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* TB – \[\[Josh McCown]], 25/48, 341 yards, 1 TD, 2 INT
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 17/27, 130 yards, 1 TD
;Top rushers
\* TB – \[\[Doug Martin (running back)\|Doug Martin]], 11 carries, 27 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 23 carries, 89 yards, 2 TD
;Top receivers
\* TB – \[\[Louis Murphy]], 6 receptions, 113 yards
\* CHI – Matt Forte, 5 receptions, 23 yards
;Top tacklers
\* TB – \[\[Mason Foster]], 7 tackles
\* CHI – \[\[Ryan Mundy]], 6 tackles
}}
The Bears' game against the 2–8 [Tampa Bay Buccaneers](/wiki/2014_Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers_season "2014 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season") marked the return of Bucs head coach [Lovie Smith](/wiki/Lovie_Smith "Lovie Smith"), who had served as Bears [head coach](/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Bears_head_coaches "List of Chicago Bears head coaches") from 2004 to 2012; his staff also featured seven former Bears' assistants: special teams coordinator [Kevin O'Dea](/wiki/Kevin_O%27Dea "Kevin O'Dea"), cornerbacks coach [Gill Byrd](/wiki/Gill_Byrd "Gill Byrd"), wide receiver coach [Andrew Hayes\-Stoker](/wiki/Andrew_Hayes-Stoker "Andrew Hayes-Stoker"), linebackers coach [Hardy Nickerson](/wiki/Hardy_Nickerson "Hardy Nickerson"), defensive line assistant [Mike Phair](/wiki/Mike_Phair "Mike Phair"), safeties coach [Mikal Smith](/wiki/Mikal_Smith "Mikal Smith"), and running backs coach [Tim Spencer](/wiki/Tim_Spencer_%28American_football%29 "Tim Spencer (American football)").{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-to\-face\-ex\-players\-coaches/94e5b9cf\-b115\-4f3e\-83cb\-9d0de8071bcc\|title\=Bears to face ex\-players, coaches\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=April 23, 2014\|access\-date\=April 24, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424211609/http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-to\-face\-ex\-players\-coaches/94e5b9cf\-b115\-4f3e\-83cb\-9d0de8071bcc\|archive\-date\=April 24, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} The Bucs also featured three former Bears starters in quarterback [Josh McCown](/wiki/Josh_McCown "Josh McCown"), cornerback Isaiah Frey, and safety [Major Wright](/wiki/Major_Wright "Major Wright").{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/21/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-bucs/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Bucs\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=November 21, 2014\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} The Bears entered the game leading the all\-time series 36–18, and won the last meeting 24–18 in [2011](/wiki/2011_Chicago_Bears_season "2011 Chicago Bears season").{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=chi\&tm2\=tam\&yr\=all\|title\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs Tampa Bay Buccaneers\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=December 4, 2014}} The Bears' 13th\-ranked offense (19th rushing and 10th passing) had to prepare for a 27th\-ranked Tampa Bay defense (22nd rushing and 30th passing){{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-set\-to\-host\-Buccaneers\-today/827e112d\-1751\-4dc2\-9627\-102d52352ebe\|title\=Bears set to host Buccaneers today\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 23, 2014\|access\-date\=March 30, 2015\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402144043/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Bears\-set\-to\-host\-Buccaneers\-today/827e112d\-1751\-4dc2\-9627\-102d52352ebe\|archive\-date\=April 2, 2015\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} that was tied for fourth in forcing plays of negative yardage with 75, 45 of which were runs, the third\-most in the league. To prevent such incidents, the team would have to contain [Gerald McCoy](/wiki/Gerald_McCoy "Gerald McCoy") and [Lavonte David](/wiki/Lavonte_David "Lavonte David"), who recorded three pick\-sixes (tied for the most in the league),{{cite web\|last\=Kaberon\|first\=Eli\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/By\-The\-Numbers\-Week\-12/76e62088\-c706\-43bf\-9bdc\-7c63394d0898\|title\=By The Numbers: Week 12\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 20, 2014\|access\-date\=March 30, 2015\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234758/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/By\-The\-Numbers\-Week\-12/76e62088\-c706\-43bf\-9bdc\-7c63394d0898\|archive\-date\=April 2, 2015\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} 15 turnovers and 45 points on these plays. On defense, the Bears would have to apply pressure: when blitzed, the Buccaneers' quarterbacks have the second\-worst statistics in the league, consisting of a 57\.6 passer rating, four touchdowns, seven interceptions (McCown being responsible for four) and nine sacks. While the Bears' pass defense is ranked 15th compared to Tampa's 19th\-ranked passing attack, and the cornerbacks are undersized compared to the Bucs' receiving tandem of [Mike Evans](/wiki/Mike_Evans_%28wide_receiver%29 "Mike Evans (wide receiver)") and [Vincent Jackson](/wiki/Vincent_Jackson "Vincent Jackson"), both of whom are {{Height\|ft\=6\|in\=5}},{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/players/E/EvanMi00\.htm\|title\=Mike Evans\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=March 30, 2015}}{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/players/J/JackVi00\.htm\|title\=Vincent Jackson\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=March 30, 2015}} the defensive backs are accustomed to such disadvantages in practice. Rushing\-wise, Tampa was struggling productively, being ranked 28th, and had the NFL's second\-least carries, and averaged only 3\.2 yards on first down. ESPN, Yahoo!, *USA Today*, Fox Sports, and CBS Sports' majority panels predicted a Bears victory.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/The\-Pick\-is\-in\-Bears\-vs\-Buccaneers/751776e3\-5f43\-4874\-aea3\-6cb3a2dbd6d2\|title\=The Pick is in: Bears vs. Buccaneers\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 21, 2014\|access\-date\=March 30, 2015\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234804/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/The\-Pick\-is\-in\-Bears\-vs\-Buccaneers/751776e3\-5f43\-4874\-aea3\-6cb3a2dbd6d2\|archive\-date\=April 2, 2015\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} Terrance Mitchell, Khaseem Greene, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, Jordan Mills, Trevor Scott and Chris Williams were inactive.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Buccaneers/6dee2c86\-d744\-42d5\-ab35\-9c8a0f5bda74\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Buccaneers\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 23, 2014\|access\-date\=March 30, 2015\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234802/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Player\-Inactives\-Bears\-Buccaneers/6dee2c86\-d744\-42d5\-ab35\-9c8a0f5bda74\|archive\-date\=April 2, 2015\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}}
The Buccaneers won the coin toss, but decided to kickoff. After the Bears went three\-and\-out, [Marcus Thigpen](/wiki/Marcus_Thigpen "Marcus Thigpen") muffed the ensuing punt but recovered. Tampa turned the ball over anyway when McCown was intercepted by Chris Conte, though Jay Cutler was also responsible for a turnover of his own after being hit by McCoy and fumbling with [Clinton McDonald](/wiki/Clinton_McDonald "Clinton McDonald").{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554333\.\=0\|title\=Tampa Bay Buccaneers vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=March 30, 2015}} McCown later connected with Evans for a 19\-yard touchdown.{{cite web\|agency\=\[\[Associated Press\|AP]]\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/23/bears\-rally\-for\-21\-13\-victory\-over\-buccaneers/\|title\=Bears Rally For 21\-13 Victory Over Buccaneers\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=November 23, 2014\|access\-date\=December 22, 2019}} After two drives of punts, Robbie Gould missed a 54\-yard field goal while [Patrick Murray](/wiki/Patrick_Murray_%28American_football%29 "Patrick Murray (American football)") made a 32\-yard kick. The Bears improved in the second half as Cutler threw a two\-yard score to Alshon Jeffery, followed by two Forte touchdowns for 21 unanswered points. The Bucs would commit three turnovers in the second half as McCown lost a fumble on a David Bass sack and threw an interception to Ryan Mundy, and Jackson was stripped by Tim Jennings. Tampa added a 39\-yard field goal in the fourth quarter, but could not rally as the Bears won.
The Bears were the second team in 2014 to win despite recording less than 205 total yards.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/they\-said\-it\-bears\-buccaneers\-14426606\|title\=They said it: Bears\-Buccaneers\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 24, 2014\|access\-date\=December 22, 2019}}
#### Week 13: at Detroit Lions
[Thanksgiving Day game](/wiki/NFL_on_Thanksgiving_Day "NFL on Thanksgiving Day")
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Thirteen: Chicago Bears at Detroit Lions – Game summary
\|date\={{tooltip\|November 27\|Thursday}}
\|time\=12:30 p.m. EST/11:30 a.m. CST
\|road\=Bears
\|R1\=14\|R2\=0\|R3\=3\|R4\=0
\|home\='''Lions'''
\|H1\=3\|H2\=21\|H3\=0\|H4\=10
\|stadium\=\[\[Ford Field]], \[\[Detroit\|Detroit, Michigan]]
\|attendance\=64,175
\|weather\=Played indoors (dome stadium)
\|referee\=\[\[Bill Vinovich]]
\|TV\=CBS
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Jim Nantz]], \[\[Phil Simms]] and \[\[Tracy Wolfson]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014112700/2014/REG13/bears@lions Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56346/DET\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 10 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 10:33 (CHI 7–0\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 55 yards, 2:47'''
\*DET – \[\[Matt Prater]] 46 yard field goal, 6:51 (CHI 7–3\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 52 yards, 3:42'''
\*CHI – Alshon Jeffery 6 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 3:35 (CHI 14–3\). '''Drive: 2 plays, 5 yards, 0:43'''
;Second quarter
\*DET – \[\[Calvin Johnson]] 25 yard pass from \[\[Matthew Stafford]], Matt Prater XP good, 12:55 (CHI 14–10\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 78 yards, 5:40'''
\*DET – \[\[Joique Bell]] 1 yard run, Matt Prater XP good, 3:18 (DET 17–14\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 86 yards, 4:28'''
\*DET – Calvin Johnson 6 yard pass from Matthew Stafford, Matt Prater XP good, 0:24 (DET 24–14\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 64 yards, 1:21'''
;Third quarter
\*CHI – Robbie Gould 35 yard field goal, 8:54 (DET 24–17\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 64 yards, 6:06'''
;Fourth quarter
\*DET – Joique Bell 1 yard run, 14:57 (DET 31–17\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 95 yards, 6:01'''
\*DET – Matt Prater 40 yard field goal, 6:16 (DET 34–17\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 20 yards, 3:13'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 31/48, 280 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT
\* DET – \[\[Matthew Stafford]], 34/45, 390 yards, 2 TD
;Top rushers
\* CHI – \[\[Ka'Deem Carey]], 2 carries, 8 yards
\* DET – \[\[Joique Bell]], 23 carries, 91 yards, 2 TD
;Top receivers
\* CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]], 9 receptions, 71 yards, 2 TD
\* DET – \[\[Calvin Johnson]], 11 receptions, 146 yards, 2 TD
;Top tacklers
\* CHI – \[\[Ryan Mundy]], 11 tackles
\* DET – \[\[DeAndre Levy]], 10 tackles
}}
The Bears played their first [Thanksgiving Day](/wiki/NFL_on_Thanksgiving_Day "NFL on Thanksgiving Day") game in ten seasons against the 7–4 [Detroit Lions](/wiki/2014_Detroit_Lions_season "2014 Detroit Lions season"). The two [rivals](/wiki/Bears-Lions_rivalry "Bears-Lions rivalry") have played 15 games on Thanksgiving, with Chicago holding the lead 8–7, but the Bears have been 1–4 in their last five Thanksgiving Day games, the most recent win coming in [1993](/wiki/1993_Chicago_Bears_season "1993 Chicago Bears season") against the Lions. The previous Thanksgiving game for the Bears was a 21–7 loss to the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys "Dallas Cowboys") in [2004](/wiki/2004_Chicago_Bears_season "2004 Chicago Bears season").{{cite web\|last\=Wright\|first\=Michael C.\|url\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\_/id/4691771/chicago\-bears\-schedule\-analysis\|title\=Chicago Bears schedule analysis\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|date\=April 23, 2014\|access\-date\=April 23, 2014}} The Lions entered the game with one of the best run defenses in the league that allowed fewer than 71 yards per game and a league\-best 3\.2 per carry; Detroit's defense also led the league in negative\-yardage rushing plays with 16\.7 percent. Jeff Joniak wrote "running on the edges of the Lions defense with the tackle sweeps and toss plays to Matt Forte could prove to be effective" in defeating them. Offensively, Joniak noted the Lions were similar to the Bears in featuring elements of the [New Orleans Saints](/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints "New Orleans Saints") in their offensive thanks to coordinator [Joe Lombardi](/wiki/Joe_Lombardi "Joe Lombardi")'s ties to the team. Although the Lions had failed to score a touchdown in eight consecutive quarters entering thirteen, running back [Reggie Bush](/wiki/Reggie_Bush "Reggie Bush") made his return to the team from injury. Overall, Joniak concluded the Bears had to capitalize on the Lions' two\-game losing streak to win.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/26/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-lions/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Lions\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=November 26, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} Terrance Mitchell, Darryl Sharpton, Lance Briggs, Eben Britton, Trevor Scott, Chris Williams, and Jeremiah Ratliff sat out the game.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\-inactives\-bears\-lions\-14450798\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Lions\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 27, 2014\|access\-date\=December 24, 2019\|archive\-date\=December 23, 2019\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223215221/https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\-inactives\-bears\-lions\-14450798\|url\-status\=dead}}
Chicago, who had struggled in the first quarter as they were outscored 41–0 in the period in their last six games, saw early success as they forced a Detroit punt before scoring on their opening drive with Jay Cutler's ten\-yard touchdown to Alshon Jeffery.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\-start\-quick\-but\-stumble\-to\-loss\-14452564\|title\=Bears start quick, but stumble to loss\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=November 27, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} [Matt Prater](/wiki/Matt_Prater "Matt Prater") made a 46\-yard field goal, but a [Jared Allen](/wiki/Jared_Allen "Jared Allen") forced fumble on [Matthew Stafford](/wiki/Matthew_Stafford "Matthew Stafford") led to Cutler throwing a six\-yard score to Jeffery to put the Bears up 14–3\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554281\|title\=Bears vs. Lions – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} However, the Lions responded with 21 consecutive points in the second quarter with two Stafford touchdown throws to [Calvin Johnson](/wiki/Calvin_Johnson "Calvin Johnson") and a [Joique Bell](/wiki/Joique_Bell "Joique Bell") run, completing series of 78, 86, and 64 yards. Chicago attempted to respond with a 63\-yard drive that ended with Robbie Gould's 35\-yard kick, but the Lions engineered a 95\-yard possession with Bell's one\-yard score in the fourth quarter. Trailing 31–17, the Bears switched to a vertical passing attack, only for Cutler's pass to Brandon Marshall to be tipped by [Darius Slay](/wiki/Darius_Slay "Darius Slay") and intercepted by [Glover Quin](/wiki/Glover_Quin "Glover Quin"), which set up a 40\-yard kick by Prater. Getting the ball with 1:55 remaining in the game, the Bears reached the Lions' 14\-yard line before Cutler was picked off by [James Ihedigbo](/wiki/James_Ihedigbo "James Ihedigbo") on the final play.
#### Week 14: vs. Dallas Cowboys
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Fourteen: Dallas Cowboys at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\={{tooltip\|December 4\|Thursday}}
\|time\=7:25 p.m. CST
\|road\='''Cowboys'''
\|R1\=0\|R2\=14\|R3\=21\|R4\=6
\|home\=Bears
\|H1\=0\|H2\=7\|H3\=0\|H4\=21
\|stadium\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
\|attendance\=61,558
\|weather\={{convert\|35\|F\|C}}, cloudy
\|referee\=\[\[Ed Hochuli]]
\|TV\=\[\[Thursday Night Football\|NFLN]]
\|TVAnnouncers\=Jim Nantz, Phil Simms and Tracy Wolfson
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014120400/2014/REG14/cowboys@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56362/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*No scoring
;Second quarter
\* DAL – \[\[DeMarco Murray]] 1 yard rush, \[\[Dan Bailey (American football)\|Dan Bailey]] XP good, 10:50 (DAL 7–0\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 51 yards, 5:53'''
\* CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]] 12 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], \[\[Jay Feely]] XP good, 6:13 (TIE 7–7\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 80 yards, 4:37'''
\* DAL – \[\[Cole Beasley]] 13 yard pass from Tony Romo, Dan Bailey XP good, 0:08 (DAL 14–7\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 72 yards, 6:05'''
;Third quarter
\* DAL – Cole Beasley 24 yard pass from Tony Romo, Dan Bailey XP good, 12:32 (DAL 21–7\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 31 yards, 1:27'''
\* DAL – \[\[Gavin Escobar]] 6 yard pass from Tony Romo, Dan Bailey XP good, 8:02 (DAL 28–7\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 56 yards, 2:14'''
\* DAL – \[\[Joseph Randle]] 17 yard run, Dan Bailey XP good, 2:09 (DAL 35–7\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 68 yards, 3:17'''
;Fourth quarter
\* CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 27 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Jay Feely XP blocked, 14:52 (DAL 35–13\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 76 yards, 2:17'''
\* DAL – Dan Bailey 35 yard field goal, 12:35 (DAL 38–13\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 31 yards, 2:17'''
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]] 1 yard run, Matt Forte run for two\-point conversion, 7:17 (DAL 38–21\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 67 yards, 5:18'''
\* CHI – Jay Cutler 10 yard rush, Jay Feely XP good, 6:09 (DAL 38–28\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 67 yards, 5:18'''
\* DAL – Dan Bailey 27 yard field goal, 3:41 (DAL 41–28\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 50 yards, 1:08'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* DAL – \[\[Tony Romo]], 21/26, 205 yards, 3 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 32/46, 341 yards, 2 TD, 1 INT
;Top rushers
\* DAL – \[\[DeMarco Murray]], 32 carries, 179 yards, 1 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 13 carries, 26 yards, 1 TD
;Top receivers
\* DAL – DeMarco Murray, 9 receptions, 49 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]], 12 receptions, 84 yards, 1 TD
;Top tacklers
\* DAL – \[\[Rolando McClain]], 10 tackles
\* CHI – \[\[Jon Bostic]], 5 tackles
}}
On Thursday night, the Bears and [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/2014_Dallas_Cowboys_season "2014 Dallas Cowboys season") met for the 25th time in week fourteen. The Bears had won the last three meetings between the two, including a 45–28 victory in 2013\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=dal\&tm2\=chi\&yr\=all\|title\=Boxscore finder: Dallas Cowboys vs Chicago Bears\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=November 27, 2014}} In his pre\-game preview, Jeff Joniak described the upcoming game as "tug of war with the clock" as both teams sought to control time of possession: in 2014, the Bears were ranked tenth in time of possession, while the Cowboys were ahead in fifth, and in their 2013 game, the Bears held the ball for 36 minutes. The Cowboys defense also struggled on first down, being ranked 29th in the NFL with 4\.9 yards per carry allowed on such downs. Conversely, Dallas' offense featured one of the top offensive lines as [DeMarco Murray](/wiki/DeMarco_Murray "DeMarco Murray") led the league in carries and rushing yards, while quarterback [Tony Romo](/wiki/Tony_Romo "Tony Romo") had just eight interceptions and a passer rating of 125 against blitzes. However, the Cowboys had lost 12 of 18 fumbles, a weakness that Joniak emphasized.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/04/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-cowboys/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Cowboys\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=December 4, 2019\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} Robbie Gould, who suffered a quad injury, was among the seven Bears inactive for the games as he joined Terrance Mitchell, Khaseem Greene, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, Jeremiah Ratliff, and Cornelius Washington.{{cite web\|last\=Durkin\|first\=Dan\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/04/bears\-cowboys\-gould\-ratliff\-inactive/\|title\=Bears\-Cowboys: Gould, Ratliff Inactive\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=December 4, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} To take Gould's place, the Bears signed [Jay Feely](/wiki/Jay_Feely "Jay Feely"), who made 30 of 36 kicks in 2013 with the [Arizona Cardinals](/wiki/2013_Arizona_Cardinals_season "2013 Arizona Cardinals season").{{cite web\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/03/with\-robbie\-gould\-injured\-bears\-sign\-kicker\-jay\-feely/\|title\=With Robbie Gould Injured, Bears Sign Kicker Jay Feely\|work\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=December 3, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}}
Four consecutive punts and a scoreless first quarter began the game before both teams traded touchdowns: after Murray scored a one\-yard touchdown run, Jay Cutler threw a 12\-yard score to Martellus Bennett, which Dallas answered on Romo's 13\-yard pass to [Cole Beasley](/wiki/Cole_Beasley "Cole Beasley").{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554349\|title\=Cowboys vs. Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} In the third quarter, the Cowboys scored three touchdowns to complete a 13\-minute stretch between the second and third periods in which they scored 28 unanswered points:{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\-fall\-to\-5\-8\-with\-loss\-to\-cowboys\-14505909\|title\=Bears fall to 5\-8 with loss to Cowboys\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=December 4, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} after Matt Forte lost a fumble to [Sterling Moore](/wiki/Sterling_Moore "Sterling Moore"), Romo threw a 24\-yard touchdown to Beasley, followed by a six\-yard touchdown pass to [Gavin Escobar](/wiki/Gavin_Escobar "Gavin Escobar") and [Joseph Randle](/wiki/Joseph_Randle "Joseph Randle")'s 17\-yard touchdown run. The Bears opened the fourth quarter with Cutler's 27\-yard touchdown to Alshon Jeffery, though Feely's extra point was blocked. Chicago then attempted an onside kick that Beasley recovered, with [Anthony Walters](/wiki/Anthony_Walters_%28American_football%29 "Anthony Walters (American football)") suffering an offside penalty. The Cowboys would drive to the Bears' 17 where [Dan Bailey](/wiki/Dan_Bailey_%28American_football%29 "Dan Bailey (American football)") converted a 35\-yard field goal. Forte later ran for a one\-yard touchdown and scored on the two\-point conversion; the Bears' Dante Rosario recovered the ensuing onside for the team's first successful onside kick since [2003](/wiki/2003_Chicago_Bears_season "2003 Chicago Bears season").{{cite news\|last\=Biggs\|first\=Brad\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\-brad\-biggs\-thoughts\-bears\-cowboys\-20141205\-story.html\|title\=Brad Biggs' 10 thoughts after Bears' loss to Cowboys\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=December 5, 2014\|access\-date\=December 5, 2014}} Assisted by a roughing the passer penalty on [Tyrone Crawford](/wiki/Tyrone_Crawford "Tyrone Crawford"), the Chicago offense reached the Dallas ten, where Cutler ran for the score. A third onside kick attempt failed as DeDe Lattimore was penalized for being offsides and [Dez Bryant](/wiki/Dez_Bryant "Dez Bryant") recovered; Bailey later made a 27\-yard kick. Down 41–28, the Bears attempted to rally and reached the Cowboys' red zone before Cutler was intercepted by [Orlando Scandrick](/wiki/Orlando_Scandrick "Orlando Scandrick") in the end zone.
The Cowboys ended the game with scores on seven consecutive drives, with three exceptions being the first two punts and the final possession in which Romo kneeled twice to end the game.
With the Lions' win over the Buccaneers three days later, the Bears were officially eliminated from playoff contention.{{cite news\|last\=Campbell\|first\=Rich\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\-bears\-eliminated\-playoffs\-20141207\-story.html\|title\=Bears eliminated from playoff contention\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=December 7, 2014\|access\-date\=November 7, 2014}}
#### Week 15: vs. New Orleans Saints
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Fifteen: New Orleans Saints at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\={{tooltip\|December 15\|Monday}}
\|time\=7:30 p.m. CST
\|road\='''Saints'''
\|R1\=0\|R2\=14\|R3\=10\|R4\=7
\|home\=Bears
\|H1\=0\|H2\=0\|H3\=0\|H4\=15
\|stadium\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
\|attendance\=60,996
\|weather\={{convert\|44\|F\|C}}, rain showers
\|referee\=Carl Cheffers
\|TV\=ESPN
\|TVAnnouncers\=Mike Tirico, Jon Gruden and Lisa Salters
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014121500/2014/REG15/saints@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56393/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*No scoring
;Second quarter
\* NO – \[\[Josh Hill (American football)\|Josh Hill]] 8 yard pass from \[\[Drew Brees]], \[\[Shayne Graham]] XP good, 14:52 (NO 7–0\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 85 yards, 4:03'''
\* NO – \[\[Marques Colston]] 9 yard pass from Drew Brees, Shayne Graham XP good, 0:32 (NO 14–0\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 95 yards, 3:30'''
;Third quarter
\* NO – Josh Hill 7 yard pass from Drew Brees, Shayne Graham XP good, 8:35 (NO 21–0\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 80 yards, 6:25'''
\* NO – Shayne Graham 25 yard field goal, 0:16 (NO 24–0\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 49 yards, 3:05'''
;Fourth quarter
\* CHI – \[\[Marquess Wilson]] 1 yard pass from \[\[Jay Cutler]], Jay Cutler to \[\[Martellus Bennett]] for two\-point conversion, 12:47 (NO 24–8\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 56 yards, 2:29'''
\* NO – \[\[Mark Ingram II]] 15 yard run, Shayne Graham XP good, 1:47 (NO 31–8\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 23 yards, 1:00'''
\* CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 7 yard pass from Jay Cutler, \[\[Jay Feely]] XP good, 0:30 (NO 31–15\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 71 yards, 1:17'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* NO – \[\[Drew Brees]], 29/36, 375 yards, 3 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 17/31, 194 yards, 2 TD, 3 INT
;Top rushers
\* NO – \[\[Mark Ingram II]], 17 carries, 59 yards, 1 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 16 carries, 78 yards
;Top receivers
\* NO – \[\[Jimmy Graham]], 5 receptions, 87 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]], 4 receptions, 78 yards, 1 TD
;Top tacklers
\* NO – \[\[John Jenkins (defensive tackle)\|John Jenkins]], 7 tackles
\* CHI – \[\[Christian Jones (American football)\|Christian Jones]], 8 tackles
}}
Week fifteen saw a battle of 5–8 teams as the Bears hosted the [New Orleans Saints](/wiki/2014_New_Orleans_Saints_season "2014 New Orleans Saints season"); the Bears entered the game with a 15–13 advantage in the all\-time series, though they dropped their last meeting in 2013 26–18\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/game\_query.cgi?tm1\=chi\&tm2\=nor\&yr\=all\|title\=All Matchups, Chicago Bears vs. New Orleans Saints\|work\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} With the Saints allowing 271 rushing yards in their previous game against the [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/2014_Carolina_Panthers_season "2014 Carolina Panthers season") and 183 rushing yards per game in the last five weeks, Jeff Joniak stressed a run\-heavy offense with Matt Forte who had just 18 combined carries and 31 total yards in his last two games. The Saints defense was also allowing 398 yards per game and eight yards per pass, among the worst in the NFL, while their 359 total points allowed were the second\-most in the NFC behind the Bears' 378\. For the Bears defense, Joniak focused on containing [Mark Ingram II](/wiki/Mark_Ingram_II "Mark Ingram II"), who had four 100\-yard rushing games in 2014, and [Drew Brees](/wiki/Drew_Brees "Drew Brees"), who was completing 69\.3 percent of his throws and was close to breaking 4,000 passing yards for the ninth straight year.{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/14/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-saints/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Saints\|date\=December 14, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} Chris Conte, Robbie Gould, [Michael Ola](/wiki/Michael_Ola "Michael Ola"), Trevor Scott, David Fales, Brandon Dunn, and Terrance Mitchell were inactive.{{cite web\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/15/bears\-saints\-inactives\-gould\-conte\-are\-out/\|title\=Bears\-Saints Inactives: Gould, Conte Are Out\|work\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=December 15, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}}
After a scoreless first quarter in which Jay Cutler was intercepted by [Patrick Robinson](/wiki/Patrick_Robinson_%28cornerback%29 "Patrick Robinson (cornerback)") on the opening drive, [Nick Toon](/wiki/Nick_Toon "Nick Toon") lost a fumble to Jared Allen, and [Shayne Graham](/wiki/Shayne_Graham "Shayne Graham") missed a 51\-yard field goal, the Saints scored 24 unanswered points across the second and third quarters. The points came via Brees' eight\- and nine\-yard touchdown throws to [Josh Hill](/wiki/Josh_Hill_%28American_football%29 "Josh Hill (American football)") and [Marques Colston](/wiki/Marques_Colston "Marques Colston") in the second, followed a second Brees\-to\-Hill score for seven yards and Graham's 25\-yard kick in the third.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554427\|title\=Saints vs. Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} Against a blitz\-heavy Saints defense, Cutler was sacked a season\-high seven times as the offense recorded just 278 total yards.{{cite web\|last\=Kaberon\|first\=Eli\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\-struggles\-on\-offense\-continue\-14589029\|title\=Bears struggles on offense continue\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=December 15, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019\|archive\-date\=December 24, 2019\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224042411/https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\-struggles\-on\-offense\-continue\-14589029\|url\-status\=dead}} He was also intercepted two more times by [Pierre Warren](/wiki/Pierre_Warren "Pierre Warren") in the second and third quarters. During the first quarter, on 4th\-and\-3 from their own 39 and with only ten players on the field, the Bears attempted to fake the punt by directly snapping to Danny McCray; McCray would gain only two yards on the play. The Bears were then penalized for not having seven players on the line of scrimmage, missing a lineman.{{cite news\|last\=Biggs\|first\=Brad\|url\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\-biggs\-10\-thoughts\-bears\-saints\-20141216\-story.html\|title\=10 thoughts after Bears' loss to Saints\|newspaper\=\[\[Chicago Tribune]]\|date\=December 16, 2014\|access\-date\=December 29, 2014}} {{subscription required\|date\=December 2014}} Chicago would not score points until the fourth quarter with a one\-yard touchdown pass to Marquess Wilson. After the [two\-minute warning](/wiki/Two-minute_warning "Two-minute warning"), Ingram recorded a 15\-yard touchdown run, which the Bears answered with a seven\-yard throw from Cutler to Alshon Jeffery to complete a 71\-yard drive. The Saints' [Benjamin Watson](/wiki/Benjamin_Watson "Benjamin Watson") recovered the onside to end the game.
With the loss, the Bears fell to 5–9, their first losing season since 2009\.
#### Week 16: vs. Detroit Lions
* + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Sixteen: Detroit Lions at Chicago Bears – Game summary
\|date\=December 21
\|time\=12:00 p.m. CST
\|road\='''Lions'''
\|R1\=7\|R2\=0\|R3\=3\|R4\=10
\|home\=Bears
\|H1\=0\|H2\=7\|H3\=7\|H4\=0
\|stadium\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
\|attendance\=61,420
\|weather\={{convert\|36\|F\|C}}, cloudy
\|referee\=\[\[Gene Steratore]]
\|TV\=Fox
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Joe Buck]], \[\[Troy Aikman]] and \[\[Erin Andrews]]
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014122101/2014/REG16/lions@bears Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56398/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
\*DET – \[\[Reggie Bush]] 13 yard run, \[\[Matt Prater]] XP good, 5:15 (DET 7–0\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 57 yards, 3:00'''
'''Second quarter'''
\*CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]] 11 yard pass from \[\[Jimmy Clausen]], \[\[Jay Feely]] XP good, 0:30 (TIE 7–7\). '''Drive: 1 play, 11 yards, 0:06'''
'''Third quarter'''
\*DET – Matt Prater 39 yard field goal, 10:24 (DET 10–7\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 47 yards, 4:36'''
\*CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]] 20 yard pass from Jimmy Clausen, Jay Feely XP good, 7:39\. (CHI 14–10\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 80 yards, 7:39'''
'''Fourth quarter'''
\*DET – \[\[Joique Bell]] 17 yard run, Matt Prater XP good, 1:05 (DET 17–14\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 73 yards, 1:05'''
\*DET – Matt Prater 30 yard field goal, 2:59\. (DET 20–14\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 43 yards, 2:59'''
\|stats\=
'''Top passers'''
\* DET – \[\[Matthew Stafford]], 22/39, 243 yards, 2 INT
\* CHI – \[\[Jimmy Clausen]], 23/39, 181 yards, 2 TD, 1 INT
'''Top rushers'''
\* DET – \[\[Joique Bell]], 13 carries, 74 yards, 1 TD
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 19 carries, 55 yards
'''Top receivers'''
\* DET – \[\[Calvin Johnson]], 6 receptions, 103 yards
\* CHI – \[\[Alshon Jeffery]], 6 receptions, 72 yards, 1 TD
'''Top tacklers'''
\* DET – \[\[DeAndre Levy]], 6 tackles, 2 assists
\* CHI – \[\[Christian Jones (American football)\|Christian Jones]], 11 tackles
}}
[thumb\|[Jimmy Clausen](/wiki/Jimmy_Clausen "Jimmy Clausen") made his first start since his rookie year in 2010 in week sixteen against the Lions](/wiki/File:Jimmy_Clausen_bear2014.jpg "Jimmy Clausen bear2014.jpg")
With the Bears struggling, Jay Cutler was benched for backup [Jimmy Clausen](/wiki/Jimmy_Clausen "Jimmy Clausen") against the Lions in week sixteen; at the time of his benching, Cutler led the league in turnovers with 24\. It was Clausen's first start since his rookie year with the [2010 Carolina Panthers](/wiki/2010_Carolina_Panthers_season "2010 Carolina Panthers season"), during which he went 1–9 as a starter; in 2014, he appeared in three games with the Bears, during which he completed three of nine passes for 42 yards. At the time of his benching, Cutler led the league in turnovers with 24\.{{cite news\|last\=Birkett\|first\=Dave\|url\=https://www.freep.com/story/sports/nfl/lions/2014/12/17/jimmy\-clausen/20563521/\|title\=Cutler benched; Bears to start Jimmy Clausen vs. Lions\|newspaper\=\[\[Detroit Free Press]]\|date\=December 17, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}}{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Clausen\-excited\-to\-make\-first\-start/9282e1e4\-2a3a\-46d7\-9577\-9f3baff4d7ba\|title\=Clausen excited to make first start\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=December 18, 2014\|access\-date\=December 29, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219231522/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\-1/Clausen\-excited\-to\-make\-first\-start/9282e1e4\-2a3a\-46d7\-9577\-9f3baff4d7ba\|archive\-date\=December 19, 2014\|url\-status\=dead\|df\=mdy\-all}} Robbie Gould, David Fales, Terrance Mitchell, Chris Conte, Kyle Long, Trevor Scott, and Will Sutton were unavailable as all but Mitchell and Scott were dealing with injuries.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\-inactives\-bears\-lions\-14623818\|title\=Player Inactives: Bears\-Lions\|work\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=December 21, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019\|archive\-date\=December 24, 2019\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224043612/https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\-inactives\-bears\-lions\-14623818\|url\-status\=dead}}
After two punts, the Lions scored first on Reggie Bush's 13\-yard touchdown run. Although the Bears drove to Detroit's one\-yard line, they were unable to score as Clausen's fourth\-down pass to Eben Britton, who had reported in as an [eligible receiver](/wiki/Eligible_receiver "Eligible receiver"), fell incomplete. Chicago would get the ball back on the following series after Matthew Stafford's pass was intercepted by Brock Vereen, but they could not capitalize on the takeaway and punted. Stafford would be intercepted again, this time by Ryan Mundy, at the Bears' one\-yard line, though the Chicago offense yet again failed to score.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554401\|title\=Lions vs. Bears – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} On the ensuing punt, returner [Jeremy Ross](/wiki/Jeremy_Ross "Jeremy Ross") muffed the punt at the Lions' 11 and Sherrick McManis recovered. On the next play, Clausen threw an 11\-yard touchdown to Forte. After Matt Prater made a 39\-yard field goal on the first drive of the second half, Clausen answered with a 20\-yard score to Alshon Jeffery to give the Bears the 14–10; the score was aided by a roughing the punter while the Bears were punting on fourth\-and\-23\.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\-blow\-fourth\-quarter\-lead\-in\-loss\-14628909\|title\=Bears blow fourth\-quarter lead in loss\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=December 21, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} In the fourth quarter, Prater's 37\-yard attempt was blocked by Jeremiah Ratliff, but the Lions would score ten unanswered points in the period via Joique Bell's 17\-yard touchdown run and a 30\-yard kick by Prater. The go\-ahead touchdown by Bell was created with help from a defensive pass interference on Tim Jennings while covering [Corey Fuller](/wiki/Corey_Fuller_%28wide_receiver%29 "Corey Fuller (wide receiver)"), resulting in a 46\-yard gain for the Lions. Down by six points with 2:35 remaining, the Bears reached their 45 before Clausen's fourth\-down throw was intercepted by Glover Quin.
Clausen ended his day with 23 of 39 passes completed for 181 yards, two touchdowns, an interception, and a passer rating of 77\.0\.{{cite news\|url\=https://www.latimes.com/sports/ct\-bears\-lions\-jimmy\-clausen\-spt\-1222\-20141221\-story.html\|title\=Jimmy Clausen spark goes out quickly as Bears lose 4th straight\|newspaper\=\[\[Los Angeles Times]]\|date\=December 21, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019\|archive\-date\=December 24, 2019\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224050048/https://www.latimes.com/sports/ct\-bears\-lions\-jimmy\-clausen\-spt\-1222\-20141221\-story.html\|url\-status\=dead}} Prior to the fourth quarter in which he completed just four of ten throws for 25 yards and the pick, he was 19 of 29 for 156 yards and two touchdowns for a 102\.1 passer rating. He suffered a concussion in the game after a helmet\-to\-helmet hit by [Ziggy Ansah](/wiki/Ziggy_Ansah "Ziggy Ansah"), forcing him to miss the season finale in Minnesota.{{cite web\|last\=Wesseling\|first\=Chris\|url\=https://www.nfl.com/news/jay\-cutler\-to\-start\-for\-bears\-jimmy\-clausen\-concussed\-0ap3000000448206\|title\=Jay Cutler to start for Bears; Jimmy Clausen concussed\|publisher\=\[\[National Football League]]\|date\=December 22, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}}
#### Week 17: at Minnesota Vikings
* + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox
\|titlestyle\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\|Chicago Bears\|border\=2}};text\-align:center;
\|state\=autocollapse
\|title\=Week Seventeen: Chicago Bears at Minnesota Vikings – Game summary
\|date\=December 28
\|time\=12:00 p.m. CST
\|road\=Bears
\|R1\=0\|R2\=3\|R3\=3\|R4\=3
\|home\='''Vikings'''
\|H1\=3\|H2\=0\|H3\=7\|H4\=3
\|stadium\=\[\[TCF Bank Stadium]], \[\[Minneapolis, Minnesota]]
\|attendance\=52,364
\|weather\={{convert\|15\|F\|C}}, cloudy
\|referee\=\[\[Jeff Triplette]]
\|TV\=Fox
\|TVAnnouncers\=\[\[Dick Stockton]], \[\[Brady Quinn]] and Kristina Pink
\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014122806/2014/REG17/bears@vikings Recap], \[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56416/MIN\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]
\|scoring\=
;First quarter
\*MIN – \[\[Blair Walsh]] 37 yard field goal, 4:59 (MIN 3–0\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 61 yards, 5:25\.'''
;Second quarter
\*CHI – \[\[Jay Feely]] 48 yard field goal, 0:55 (TIE 3–3\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 42 yards, 2:53\.'''
;Third quarter
\*CHI – Jay Feely 25 yard field goal, 13:05 (CHI 6–3\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 2 yards, 1:40\.'''
\*MIN – \[\[Adam Thielen]] 44 yard pass from \[\[Teddy Bridgewater]], \[\[Blair Walsh]] XP good, 10:53 (MIN 10–6\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 80 yards, 2:12\.'''
;Fourth quarter
\*MIN – Blair Walsh 44 yard field goal, 11:29\. (MIN 13–6\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 27 yards, 2:29\.'''
\*CHI – Jay Feely 35 yard field goal, 8:53\. (MIN 13–9\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 18 yards, 2:36\.'''
\|stats\=
;Top passers
\* CHI – \[\[Jay Cutler]], 23/36, 172 yards
\* MIN – \[\[Teddy Bridgewater]], 17/25, 209 yards, TD
;Top rushers
\* CHI – \[\[Matt Forte]], 17 rushes, 51 yards
\* MIN – \[\[Matt Asiata]], 19 rushes, 91 yards
;Top receivers
\* CHI – \[\[Martellus Bennett]], 8 receptions, 59 yards
\* MIN – \[\[Adam Thielen]], 3 receptions, 68 yards, TD
}}
With Jimmy Clausen out, Jay Cutler started the 2014 season finale against the Vikings. In his pre\-game keys, Jeff Joniak discussed protecting Cutler from Mike Zimmer's blitzes; although Cutler recorded 330 passing yards in their first meeting, he was hit five times, while the Vikings were ranked in the top ten in sacks and forcing offensive linemen to commit holding penalties. On defense, he emphasized the ability to "compete with fire" to stop Teddy Bridgewater, who had four straight games with at least 70 percent of his passes completed, and Matt Asiata, who was second in the league with nine rushing touchdowns. Joniak concluded his article by noting the overall message should be maintaining effort as the Bears completed "one of the most frustrating and perplexing seasons in recent franchise history with unfulfilled expectations devolving into uncertainty for 2015\."{{cite web\|last\=Joniak\|first\=Jeff\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/26/joniak\-keys\-to\-bears\-vikings\-2/\|title\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\-Vikings\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=December 26, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} Clausen, Robbie Gould, [Al Louis\-Jean](/wiki/Al_Louis-Jean "Al Louis-Jean"), Chris Conte, Charles Leno, [Austen Lane](/wiki/Austen_Lane "Austen Lane"), and Brandon Dunn did not dress for the game.{{cite web\|last\=Durkin\|first\=Dan\|url\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/28/bears\-vikings\-inactive\-list/\|title\=Bears\-Vikings: Inactive List\|publisher\=\[\[WBBM\-TV]]\|date\=December 28, 2014\|access\-date\=December 24, 2019}}
In a low\-scoring affair, the Vikings scored the only points of the first quarter with Blair Walsh's 37\-yard field goal; Bridgewater had thrown a 35\-yard touchdown to Greg Jennings early in the drive, but the pass was ruled incomplete. Jay Feely made a 48\-yard kick on the Bears' final drive of the first half. Every other series in the half ended with a punt.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\=400554437\|title\=Bears vs. Vikings – Play By Play\|work\=\[\[ESPN.com]]\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} The second half began with Bridgewater being intercepted by Kyle Fuller, who returned the pick to Minnesota's nine\-yard line. However, the offense could not score the touchdown and had to settle for Feely's 25\-yard field goal. The Vikings answered with a 44\-yard touchdown pass by Bridgewater to [Adam Thielen](/wiki/Adam_Thielen "Adam Thielen"). Following a 44\-yard field goal by Walsh in the fourth quarter, [Marc Mariani](/wiki/Marc_Mariani "Marc Mariani") returned the ensuing kickoff 67 yards to the Vikings' 35, but the offense once again could not capitalize, leading to a 35\-yard kick by Feely.{{cite web\|last\=Mayer\|first\=Larry\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\-drop\-fifth\-straight\-to\-end\-season\-14675765\|title\=Bears drop fifth straight to end season\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=December 28, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}} Minnesota would reach Chicago's three on the next series, but were stopped on fourth down; the Bears also suffered the same fate when Cutler's fourth\-and\-nine pass to Martellus Bennett fell short by a yard.
The offense struggled mightily as the Bears failed to score a touchdown for the first time under Marc Trestman. Although Cutler completed 23 of 36 passes in the game for a career\-best 66 percent, he had just 172 passing yards and just one pass that exceeded 20 yards.{{cite web\|last\=Kaberon\|first\=Eli\|url\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\-offense\-struggles\-in\-season\-finale\-14676441\|title\=Bears offense struggles in season finale\|publisher\=\[\[Chicago Bears]]\|date\=December 28, 2014\|access\-date\=December 23, 2019}}
With the loss, the Bears ended the season with their fifth consecutive loss, the first such losing streak since [1989](/wiki/1989_Chicago_Bears_season "1989 Chicago Bears season"), and their first last\-place finish in the division since [2007](/wiki/2007_Chicago_Bears_season "2007 Chicago Bears season").
|
[
"### Game summaries",
"#### Week 1: vs. Buffalo Bills",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week One: Buffalo Bills at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=September 7\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:00 p.m. \\[\\[Central Time Zone\\|CDT]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Bills'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=7\\|R2\\=10\\|R3\\=0\\|R4\\=3\\|R5\\=3\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=7\\|H2\\=0\\|H3\\=10\\|H4\\=3\\|H5\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[Soldier Field]], \\[\\[Chicago]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=62,425\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|74\\|F\\|C}}, sunny\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Brad Allen]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=\\[\\[NFL on Fox\\|Fox]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Kenny Albert]], \\[\\[Daryl Johnston]] and \\[\\[Tony Siragusa]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014090702/2014/REG1/bills@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56173/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]] 12 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 11:35 (CHI 7–0\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 66 yards, 1:55'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*BUF – \\[\\[E. J. Manuel]] 2 yard run, \\[\\[Dan Carpenter]] XP good, 6:52 (TIE 7–7\\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 71 yards, 4:43'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*BUF – Dan Carpenter 50 yard field goal, 8:07 (BUF 10–7\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 14 yards, 3:23'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*BUF – \\[\\[C. J. Spiller]] 7 yard pass from E. J. Manuel, Dan Carpenter XP good, 5:30 (BUF 17–7\\). '''Drive: 1 play, 7 yards, 0:06'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 41 yard field goal, 9:34 (BUF 17–10\\). '''Drive: 11 plays, 57 yards, 5:26'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Brandon Marshall]] 11 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 2:30 (TIE 17–17\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 56 yards, 2:30'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*BUF – Dan Carpenter 33 yard field goal, 4:02 (BUF 20–17\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 37 yards, 3:50'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 37 yard field goal, 0:30 (TIE 20–20\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 61 yards, 3:32'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Overtime\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*BUF – Dan Carpenter 27 yard field goal, 9:46 (BUF 23–20\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 69 yards, 3:34'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* BUF – \\[\\[E. J. Manuel]], 16/22, 173 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 34/49, 349 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* BUF – \\[\\[Fred Jackson (running back)\\|Fred Jackson]], 7 carries, 61 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forté]], 17 carries, 82 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* BUF – \\[\\[Robert Woods (wide receiver, born 1992\\)\\|Robert Woods]], 4 receptions, 78 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 8 receptions, 87 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* BUF – \\[\\[Leodis McKelvin]], 13 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Ryan Mundy]], 6 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t[thumb\\|The Bears played all of their home games at [Soldier Field](/wiki/Soldier_Field \"Soldier Field\")](/wiki/File:Soldier_Field_east_side_and_marina.JPG \"Soldier Field east side and marina.JPG\")\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Bears opened the season at home against the [Buffalo Bills](/wiki/2014_Buffalo_Bills_season \"2014 Buffalo Bills season\"), who had a record of 6–10 in [2013](/wiki/2013_Buffalo_Bills_season \"2013 Buffalo Bills season\"). Entering the game, the Bears were 54–35–5 in season openers, the most wins of any team, and they had not lost an opening game since 2009, the most in the NFC and second\\-most in the NFL behind the [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots \"New England Patriots\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Stoltz\\|first\\=Jeremy\\|url\\=http://chi.scout.com/story/1442698\\-bears\\-bills\\-ultimate\\-game\\-preview\\|title\\=BEARS\\-BILLS ULTIMATE GAME PREVIEW\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Scout.com]]\\|date\\=September 6, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 7, 2014}} The Bears were 7–4 against the Bills, with their last meeting being a 22–19 victory in Toronto in [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season \"2010 Chicago Bears season\"), while winning 40–7 in the last game between the two at [Soldier Field](/wiki/Soldier_Field \"Soldier Field\");{{cite web\\|last1\\=Wright\\|first1\\=Michael C.\\|last2\\=Rodak\\|first2\\=Mike\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\\_/id/4694007/chicago\\-bears\\-vs\\-buffalo\\-bills\\-preview\\|title\\=Bills vs. Bears preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=September 4, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 7, 2014}} the Bears had won all five meetings between the two in Chicago. When comparing the two teams in 2013 statistically, the Bears had the advantage in three offensive categories (points scored, total offense, and passing offense), while the Bills had the second\\-best rushing offense, compared to the Bears' 16th\\-ranked rushing game. On defense, the Bears were outmatched in all three categories (total defense, rushing defense, and passing defense), but are one spot higher than Buffalo in turnover ratio (\\+5 to \\+3\\). [Scout.com](/wiki/Scout.com \"Scout.com\")'s Jeremy Stoltz writes that one of the players the Bears must contain is the defensive tackle duo of [Mario Williams](/wiki/Mario_Williams \"Mario Williams\") and [Marcell Dareus](/wiki/Marcell_Dareus \"Marcell Dareus\"), who had a combined 139 total tackles, 18\\.0 sacks and two forced fumbles during 2013\\. While the Bears' offensive line boasted the fourth\\-least sacks, none of the five starters played in the preseason. As a result, to combat the rush, the Bears need [Jay Cutler](/wiki/Jay_Cutler \"Jay Cutler\") to release the ball quickly. For the Bears' defense, Stoltz stated all the Bears needed to do was stop Buffalo's running backs [Fred Jackson](/wiki/Fred_Jackson_%28running_back%29 \"Fred Jackson (running back)\") and [C. J. Spiller](/wiki/C._J._Spiller \"C. J. Spiller\"), as the Bills had the second\\-best rushing attack in the league. The Bears were favored to win by seven points, the third\\-largest spread of the week.{{cite news\\|last\\=Domin\\|first\\=Hank\\|url\\=http://www.syracuse.com/buffalo\\-bills/index.ssf/2014/09/updated\\_nfl\\_week\\_1\\_point\\_sprea.html\\|title\\=Updated NFL Week 1 point spreads, over/under: Bills still are 7\\-point underdog to Bears\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Post\\-Standard]]\\|date\\=September 6, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 7, 2014}} [Matt Forté](/wiki/Matt_Fort%C3%A9 \"Matt Forté\"), [Charles Tillman](/wiki/Charles_Tillman \"Charles Tillman\"), and [Robbie Gould](/wiki/Robbie_Gould \"Robbie Gould\") were the captains for the game.{{cite news\\|url\\=http://www.daily\\-chronicle.com/2014/09/07/new\\-faces\\-same\\-issues\\-for\\-defense/a9tj2ld/?\\_\\_xsl\\=/print.xsl\\|title\\=New faces, same issues for defense\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Daily Chronicle (Illinois)\\|Daily Chronicle]]\\|date\\=September 8, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 12, 2014}} [David Fales](/wiki/David_Fales \"David Fales\"), [Kelvin Hayden](/wiki/Kelvin_Hayden \"Kelvin Hayden\"), [Tony Fiammetta](/wiki/Tony_Fiammetta \"Tony Fiammetta\"), [Khaseem Greene](/wiki/Khaseem_Greene \"Khaseem Greene\"), [Charles Leno](/wiki/Charles_Leno \"Charles Leno\"), [David Bass](/wiki/David_Bass_%28American_football%29 \"David Bass (American football)\") and [Cornelius Washington](/wiki/Cornelius_Washington \"Cornelius Washington\") were inactive for the game.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Bills/5bb94e72\\-3639\\-488d\\-85a6\\-e723b4ac7c7f\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Bills\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 7, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907213040/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Bills/5bb94e72\\-3639\\-488d\\-85a6\\-e723b4ac7c7f\\|archive\\-date\\=September 7, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\nThe Bears won the coin toss, and elected to kick. After Buffalo punted, Chicago scored on Cutler's 12\\-yard touchdown pass to [Martellus Bennett](/wiki/Martellus_Bennett \"Martellus Bennett\"), which the Bills retaliated with [E. J. Manuel](/wiki/E._J._Manuel \"E. J. Manuel\")'s two\\-yard touchdown run. On the Bears' first drive of the second quarter, [Brandon Marshall](/wiki/Brandon_Marshall \"Brandon Marshall\") fumbled, with linebacker [Preston Brown](/wiki/Preston_Brown_%28linebacker%29 \"Preston Brown (linebacker)\") recovering; the Bills would score on [Dan Carpenter](/wiki/Dan_Carpenter \"Dan Carpenter\")'s 50\\-yard field goal.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554232\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Buffalo Bills vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=September 15, 2014}} Afterwards, Cutler was intercepted by former Bear [Corey Graham](/wiki/Corey_Graham \"Corey Graham\") after Bennett did not \"turn to look for the ball in time\", with the Bills again capitalizing on the takeaway, with Manuel's seven\\-yard touchdown pass to Spiller, and the half ended with Buffalo leading 17–7\\.{{cite web\\|last\\=Neveau\\|first\\=James\\|url\\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/grizzly\\-detail/Chicago\\-Bears\\-Buffalo\\-Bills\\-Week\\-1\\-Cutler\\-Bennett\\-\\-274264761\\.html\\|title\\=Bills Beat Bears 23\\-20 Sunday\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WMAQ\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 15, 2014}} On the Bears' first possession of the third quarter, Gould kicked a five\\-yard field goal, and on the Bills' first drive of the half, [Chris Conte](/wiki/Chris_Conte \"Chris Conte\") read a pass intended for [Marquise Goodwin](/wiki/Marquise_Goodwin \"Marquise Goodwin\"), stepping in front of the pass to intercept the ball.{{cite web\\|last\\=Greenberg\\|first\\=Jon\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/jon\\-greenberg/post/\\_/id/514/conte\\-done\\-in\\-by\\-jacksons\\-stiff\\-arm\\|title\\=Conte done in by Jackson's stiff\\-arm\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=September 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 15, 2014}} On Chicago's ensuing drive, the offense rallied to tie the score on Cutler's 11\\-yard touchdown pass to Marshall. In the fourth quarter, the Bears drove from their own six\\-yard line to reach the Buffalo 34, but Cutler's forced pass intended for Bennett was intercepted by [Kyle Williams](/wiki/Kyle_Williams_%28defensive_tackle%29 \"Kyle Williams (defensive tackle)\"); Carpenter would kick a 33\\-yard field goal, which the Bears responded with Gould's 37\\-yarder. The Bills would [kneel](/wiki/Quarterback_kneel \"Quarterback kneel\") to end regulation with a 20–20 score. After the Bears went three\\-and\\-out, the Bills started on their own 22\\-yard line, but drove to the Bears' 39\\. On the next play, Jackson found a hole in the line of scrimmage, getting past [Lance Briggs](/wiki/Lance_Briggs \"Lance Briggs\"). Conte reached Jackson at the 20\\-yard line, but was [stiff\\-armed](/wiki/Stiff-arm_fend \"Stiff-arm fend\"); Conte attempted to tackle again, but was knocked down, with Jackson being pushed out of bounds at the one\\-yard line. Two plays later, Carpenter kicked the game\\-winning 27\\-yard field goal.",
"Four of the Bears' offensive starters suffered injuries during the game: [Roberto Garza](/wiki/Roberto_Garza \"Roberto Garza\") (right ankle) and [Matt Slauson](/wiki/Matt_Slauson \"Matt Slauson\") (left ankle) did not play after the first half, [Alshon Jeffery](/wiki/Alshon_Jeffery \"Alshon Jeffery\") (hamstring) departed in the third quarter, while Marshall (right ankle) was hurt after being tackled.{{cite news\\|last\\=Campbell\\|first\\=Rich\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/ct\\-bears\\-bills\\-super\\-side\\-spt\\-0908\\-20140908\\-story.html\\|title\\=Turnovers, injuries spoil launch of Bears' explosive offense\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=September 8, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 15, 2014}} Conte received scrutiny after the game for failing to tackle Jackson, but defended himself by saying, \"It was a play where it's the end of the game – I've got to get the ball out or something. If I hit him, it's a field goal no matter what, so I've got to try and get the ball out. It's a desperation play where I've got to try and punch the ball or something.\"",
"#### Week 2: at San Francisco 49ers",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Two: Chicago Bears at San Francisco 49ers – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=September 14\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=7:30 p.m. CDT/5:30 p.m. \\[\\[Pacific Time Zone\\|PDT]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Bears'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=7\\|R3\\=0\\|R4\\=21\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=49ers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=10\\|H2\\=7\\|H3\\=3\\|H4\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[Levi's Stadium]], \\[\\[Santa Clara, California]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=70,799\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|78\\|F\\|C}}, sunny\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Carl Cheffers]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=\\[\\[NBC Sunday Night Football\\|NBC]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Al Michaels]], \\[\\[Cris Collinsworth]] and \\[\\[Michele Tafoya]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014091413/2014/REG2/bears@49ers Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56200/SF\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – \\[\\[Michael Crabtree]] 3 yard pass from \\[\\[Colin Kaepernick]], \\[\\[Phil Dawson]] XP good, 12:42 (SF 7–0\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 8 yards, 0:34'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – Phil Dawson 27 yard field goal, 2:48 (SF 10–0\\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 72 yards, 7:44'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – \\[\\[Frank Gore]] 8 yard run, Phil Dawson XP good, 2:22 (SF 17–0\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 30 yards, 1:03'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Brandon Marshall]] 17 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 0:13 (SF 17–7\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 80 yards, 2:09'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – Phil Dawson 24 yard field goal, 5:56 (SF 20–7\\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 84 yards, 9:04'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – Brandon Marshall 5 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 13:35 (SF 20–14\\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 80 yards, 7:21'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]] 3 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 13:14 (CHI 21–20\\). '''Drive: 1 play, 3 yards, 0:03'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – Brandon Marshall 3 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 6:55 (CHI 28–20\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 42 yards, 8:05'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 23/34, 176 yards, 4 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – \\[\\[Colin Kaepernick]], 21/34, 248 yards, 1 TD, 3 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – Jay Cutler, 5 carries, 25 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – Colin Kaepernick, 9 carries, 66 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]], 7 receptions, 37 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – \\[\\[Michael Crabtree]], 7 receptions, 82 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Ryan Mundy]], 6 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* SF – \\[\\[Patrick Willis]], 7 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn the previous meeting between Chicago and [San Francisco](/wiki/2014_San_Francisco_49ers_season \"2014 San Francisco 49ers season\") at [Candlestick Park](/wiki/Candlestick_Park \"Candlestick Park\") in [2012](/wiki/2012_Chicago_Bears_season \"2012 Chicago Bears season\"), the 49ers won 32–7\\. Entering the game, the 49ers led the all\\-time series 32–29–1;{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=sfo\\&tm2\\=chi\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=Boxscore finder: San Francisco 49ers vs Chicago Bears\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 19, 2014}} while the Bears had won five of the last eight meetings between the two since [2001](/wiki/2001_Chicago_Bears_season \"2001 Chicago Bears season\"),{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\\=400554314\\|title\\=Bears\\-49ers Preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2014}} they had lost all eight road games against the 49ers since [1985](/wiki/1985_Chicago_Bears_season \"1985 Chicago Bears season\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-suffer\\-defeat\\-at\\-the\\-hands\\-of\\-49ers/135985f7\\-883c\\-435c\\-ac92\\-7ca3dcc8d43a\\|title\\=Bears suffer defeat at the hands of 49ers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 19, 2012\\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028075415/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-suffer\\-defeat\\-at\\-the\\-hands\\-of\\-49ers/135985f7\\-883c\\-435c\\-ac92\\-7ca3dcc8d43a\\|archive\\-date\\=October 28, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} Comparing the two teams' week one rankings, the Bears had more total and passing yards than the 49ers, 427–319 and 341–192, respectively, while the 49ers had more rushing yards (127–86\\). Defensively, the 49ers allowed more yards (382–360\\) and allowed two more sacks than the Bears in week one.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.49ers.com/news/article\\-1/Infographic\\-49ers\\-vs\\-Bears\\-Preview/047f5112\\-292d\\-4a95\\-9b5d\\-2af0f44c8449\\|title\\=Infographic: 49ers vs. Bears Preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[San Francisco 49ers]]\\|date\\=September 11, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 15, 2014}} Writing for [WBBM\\-TV](/wiki/WBBM-TV \"WBBM-TV\"), Bears radio play\\-by\\-play commentator [Jeff Joniak](/wiki/Jeff_Joniak \"Jeff Joniak\") stated the Bears' offense had a chance to utilize their running backs, as the 49ers had allowed the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys \"Dallas Cowboys\") to record 100 rushing yards in week one, the first time in 18 games, and with linebackers [NaVorro Bowman](/wiki/NaVorro_Bowman \"NaVorro Bowman\") and [Aldon Smith](/wiki/Aldon_Smith \"Aldon Smith\") inactive, the Bears had the chance to attack on the ground. For the Bears' passing game, recording short passes was important, while stating playing against the 49ers' defense \"requires patience\", with [Vic Fangio](/wiki/Vic_Fangio \"Vic Fangio\") utilizing [zone defense](/wiki/Zone_defense \"Zone defense\") blitzes.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/12/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-49ers/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys to Bears\\-49ers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 12, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2014}} Additionally, Jay Cutler had struggled against the 49ers during his career, being 0–2, with one touchdown, six interceptions, and a 59\\.2 passer rating. On defense, the Bears had to contain [Colin Kaepernick](/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick \"Colin Kaepernick\"), who had thrown for two touchdowns the previous week and recorded his fourth\\-best passer rating (125\\.5\\),{{cite web\\|last\\=Durkin\\|first\\=Dan\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/13/durkins\\-preview\\-49ers\\-pose\\-early\\-test\\-of\\-bears\\-depth/\\|title\\=Durkin's Preview: 49ers Pose Early Test Of Bears' Depth\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 13, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2014}} and in his first career start, had guided the 49ers to the victory over the Bears in 2012\\. The Bears also faced a challenge in 49ers' running backs [Frank Gore](/wiki/Frank_Gore \"Frank Gore\") and rookie [Carlos Hyde](/wiki/Carlos_Hyde \"Carlos Hyde\"), the former having become the 29th player to record 10,000 career rushing yards the previous week, and the latter averaged 7\\.1 yards and scored a touchdown. Against San Francisco's receivers, while [Anquan Boldin](/wiki/Anquan_Boldin \"Anquan Boldin\") and [Michael Crabtree](/wiki/Michael_Crabtree \"Michael Crabtree\") were not fast, their physicality allows them to make blocks and \"bully defensive backs\". The 49ers were favorites to win, with every [ESPN](/wiki/ESPN \"ESPN\") analyst but former Bears head coach [Mike Ditka](/wiki/Mike_Ditka \"Mike Ditka\") to predict a 49ers victory.{{cite news\\|last\\=Just\\|first\\=David\\|url\\=http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/sports\\-prose/mike\\-ditka\\-was\\-only\\-espn\\-expert\\-to\\-pick\\-bears\\-over\\-san\\-francisco/\\|title\\=Mike Ditka was only ESPN 'expert' to pick Bears over San Francisco\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Sun\\-Times]]\\|date\\=September 15, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917113318/http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/sports\\-prose/mike\\-ditka\\-was\\-only\\-espn\\-expert\\-to\\-pick\\-bears\\-over\\-san\\-francisco/\\|archive\\-date\\=2014\\-09\\-17\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} [Jermon Bushrod](/wiki/Jermon_Bushrod \"Jermon Bushrod\"), [Lamarr Houston](/wiki/Lamarr_Houston \"Lamarr Houston\"), and [Sherrick McManis](/wiki/Sherrick_McManis \"Sherrick McManis\") served as team captains.{{cite news\\|last\\=Finley\\|first\\=Patrick\\|url\\=http://www.suntimes.com/sports/football/bears/29883031\\-606/bears\\-headache\\-starts\\-early\\-with\\-special\\-teams\\-mistakes.html\\|title\\=Chris Conte exits after big play; Bears win despite special teams stumbles\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Sun\\-Times]]\\|date\\=September 14, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 15, 2014}} For the game, [Josh Morgan](/wiki/Josh_Morgan \"Josh Morgan\"), Khaseem Greene, Roberto Garza, Matt Slauson, Charles Leno, David Bass, and Cornelius Washington were scratched.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-49ers/3e0a4da9\\-9669\\-46af\\-9ca8\\-e250270de4ab\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-49ers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 14, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 23, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028074702/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-49ers/3e0a4da9\\-9669\\-46af\\-9ca8\\-e250270de4ab\\|archive\\-date\\=October 28, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\nThe 49ers won the coin toss, and decided to kick.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554314\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Chicago Bears vs. San Francisco 49ers – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014}} On the Bears' first drive, [Pat O'Donnell](/wiki/Pat_O%27Donnell \"Pat O'Donnell\")'s punt was blocked by [Aaron Lynch](/wiki/Aaron_Lynch_%28American_football%29 \"Aaron Lynch (American football)\"), and the 49ers scored on Kaepernick's three\\-yard touchdown pass to Crabtree, the first score in Levi's Stadium history after the play stood via review.{{cite news\\|last\\=Inman\\|first\\=Cam\\|url\\=http://blogs.mercurynews.com/49ers/2014/09/14/michael\\-crabtree\\-scores\\-levis\\-stadiums\\-first\\-td\\-off\\-blocked\\-punt\\-by\\-aaron\\-lynch/\\|title\\=Michael Crabtree scores Levi's Stadium's first TD off blocked punt by Aaron Lynch\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[San Jose Mercury News]]\\|date\\=September 14, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014}} On the 49ers' next drive, Kaepernick was intercepted by Charles Tillman, but the pick was overturned; [Phil Dawson](/wiki/Phil_Dawson \"Phil Dawson\") would kick a 27\\-yard field goal, the final score of the first quarter. On San Francisco's second drive of the second quarter, Kaepernick's pass for Boldin would be intercepted by a diving Chris Conte,{{cite web\\|last\\=Carbaugh\\|first\\=Dane\\|url\\=http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\\-09\\-14/chris\\-conte\\-interception\\-chicago\\-bears\\-san\\-francisco\\-49ers\\-diving\\-video\\|title\\=Chris Conte's interception against the 49ers was perfect\\|work\\=\\[\\[Sporting News]]\\|date\\=September 14, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=September 18, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918011257/http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\\-09\\-14/chris\\-conte\\-interception\\-chicago\\-bears\\-san\\-francisco\\-49ers\\-diving\\-video\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} though the Bears failed to take advantage, being forced to punt. Gore would then score on a 54\\-yard run, which was nullified by a holding call on Boldin, and two plays later, Kaepernick was stripped by [Jared Allen](/wiki/Jared_Allen \"Jared Allen\"), and the ball was recovered by [Danny McCray](/wiki/Danny_McCray \"Danny McCray\"), but the Bears would again be forced to punt. The 49ers extended the lead by ten points on Gore's eight\\-yard touchdown run, but the Bears managed to score for the first time in the half on Cutler's 17\\-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall, who caught the pass with one hand.{{cite web\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Associated Press]] \\|url\\=http://abc7chicago.com/sports/brandon\\-marshall\\-makes\\-2\\-tds\\-via\\-jay\\-cutler\\-to\\-beat\\-49ers/309104/ \\|archive\\-url\\=https://archive.today/20140918040122/http://abc7chicago.com/sports/brandon\\-marshall\\-makes\\-2\\-tds\\-via\\-jay\\-cutler\\-to\\-beat\\-49ers/309104/ \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archive\\-date\\=September 18, 2014 \\|title\\=BRANDON MARSHALL MAKES 3 TDS VIA JAY CUTLER TO BEAT 49ERS \\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WLS\\-TV]] \\|date\\=September 14, 2014 \\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014 }} In the second half, the 49ers scored on Dawson's 24\\-yard kick, culminating a drive that took 9:04\\. On the Bears' next drive, Cutler threw a five\\-yard touchdown pass to Marshall, narrowing the score to 20–14\\. On the first play of San Francisco's next drive, Kaepernick's pass for Crabtree was pulled away by [Kyle Fuller](/wiki/Kyle_Fuller \"Kyle Fuller\"),{{cite news\\|last\\=Campbell\\|first\\=Rich\\|url\\=http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/ravens/ct\\-kyle\\-fuller\\-two\\-interceptions\\-bears\\-spt\\-0915\\-20140915,0,7556898\\.story\\|title\\=Kyle Fuller helps turn game around for Bears\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Baltimore Sun]]\\|date\\=September 15, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014}} with the Bears scoring on the first play with Cutler's three\\-yard touchdown to Martellus Bennett to give the Bears the 21–20 lead. Kaepernick was intercepted again by Fuller on the next drive after Fuller reached his pass intended for [Derek Carrier](/wiki/Derek_Carrier \"Derek Carrier\"), the Bears converting the pick into a Cutler three\\-yard touchdown to Marshall, increasing the lead by eight. On San Francisco's final drive, the offense reached Chicago's 17\\-yard line, but on 4th down, Kaepernick's pass to Crabtree fell incomplete, and Cutler kneeled twice to end the game.",
"The game featured 26 penalties, 10 by the Bears for 58 yards, and 16 by the 49ers for 118 yards.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/15/bears\\-49ers\\-fast\\-facts/\\|title\\=Bears\\-49ers Fast Facts\\|work\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 15, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014}} Late in the second quarter, Cutler, who had completed only 8 of 18 passes for 38 yards, was hit by [Quinton Dial](/wiki/Quinton_Dial \"Quinton Dial\"), and after the hit, Cutler completed 15 of 16 passes for 138 yards and four touchdowns.{{cite web\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Associated Press]]\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/chicago/nfl/recap?gameId\\=400554314\\|title\\=Jay Cutler rallies Bears past 49ers with 3 TDs in fourth quarter\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\| date\\=15 September 2014 \\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014}} Fuller became the first rookie in Bears history to record two interceptions in a game since [Chris Harris](/wiki/Chris_Harris_%28safety%29 \"Chris Harris (safety)\") against the [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers \"Green Bay Packers\") in [2005](/wiki/2005_Chicago_Bears_season \"2005 Chicago Bears season\").",
"#### Week 3: at New York Jets",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Three: Chicago Bears at New York Jets – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\={{tooltip\\|September 22\\|Monday}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=8:30 p.m. \\[\\[Eastern Time Zone\\|EDT]]/7:30 p.m. CDT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Bears'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=14\\|R2\\=3\\|R3\\=7\\|R4\\=3\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Jets\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=3\\|H2\\=10\\|H3\\=3\\|H4\\=3\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[MetLife Stadium]], \\[\\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=78,160\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|60\\|F\\|C}}, clear\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Jerome Boger]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=\\[\\[Monday Night Football\\|ESPN]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Mike Tirico]], \\[\\[Jon Gruden]] and \\[\\[Lisa Salters]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014092200/2014/REG3/bears@jets Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56217/NYJ\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Ryan Mundy]] 45 yard interception return, \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 14:28 (CHI 7–0\\).\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]] 7 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], Robbie Gould XP good, 9:54 (CHI 14–0\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 40 yards, 0:21'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NYJ – \\[\\[Nick Folk]] 43 yard field goal, 3:42 (CHI 14–3\\). '''Drive: 11 plays, 55 yards, 6:12'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 24 yard field goal, 13:54 (CHI 17–3\\). '''Drive: 15 plays, 79 yards, 4:48'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NYJ – Nick Folk 28 yard field goal, 9:57 (CHI 17–6\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 66 yards, 3:57'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NYJ – \\[\\[Jeremy Kerley]] 19 yard pass from \\[\\[Geno Smith]], Nick Folk XP good, 3:45 (CHI 17–13\\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 77 yards, 3:36'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Martellus Bennett 13 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 11:28 (CHI 24–13\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 80 yards, 3:32'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NYJ – Nick Folk 22 yard field goal, 0:27 (CHI 24–16\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 24 yards, 3:27'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NYJ – Nick Folk 42 yard field goal, 9:52 (CHI 24–19\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 41 yards, 4:10'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 45 yard field goal, 3:10 (CHI 27–19\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 46 yards, 6:42'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 23/38, 225 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NYJ – \\[\\[Geno Smith]], 26/43, 316 yards, 1 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 13 carries, 33 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NYJ – \\[\\[Chris Ivory]], 10 carries, 44 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]], 8 receptions, 105 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NYJ – \\[\\[Jeremy Kerley]], 7 receptions, 81 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jon Bostic]], 6 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NYJ – \\[\\[Demario Davis]], 7 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\nThe Bears traveled to [East Rutherford, New Jersey](/wiki/East_Rutherford%2C_New_Jersey \"East Rutherford, New Jersey\") to play the [New York Jets](/wiki/2014_New_York_Jets_season \"2014 New York Jets season\") on *[Monday Night Football](/wiki/Monday_Night_Football \"Monday Night Football\")*, the Bears having won the last three meeting between the two since 2001, the last being a 38–34 win in [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season \"2010 Chicago Bears season\"), and the Bears led the all\\-time series 7–3\\. When comparing the two teams, Brad Gagnon of [CBSSports.com](/wiki/CBSSports.com \"CBSSports.com\") stated they are \"complete opposites\", with [Marc Trestman](/wiki/Marc_Trestman \"Marc Trestman\") being a pass\\-first coach, while [Rex Ryan](/wiki/Rex_Ryan \"Rex Ryan\") prefers running first; as a result, while the Bears were ranked higher in passer rating (9th to 25th) and QB rating against (4th to 26th), the Jets had the advantage in yards per carry (5th to 23rd) and yards per carry against (3rd to 28th). In the running game, Gagnon writes the Bears' 23rd\\-ranked rushing offense would have trouble against the third\\-ranked Jets run defense, which had allowed only 2\\.8 yards per carry. He adds that as a result, the Bears would be forced to throw – 71 percent of Chicago's offensive plays had been passing, the most in the league, which Gagnon states is not a \"good thing\", as the five teams with the highest passing percentage in the NFL in 2013 had losing records.{{cite web\\|last\\=Gagnon\\|first\\=Brad\\|url\\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\\-on\\-football/24719859/bears\\-jets\\-preview\\-12\\-things\\-to\\-know\\-about\\-week\\-3s\\-mnf\\-game\\|title\\=Bears\\-Jets Preview: 12 things to know about Week 3's Monday night game\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[CBSSports.com]]\\|date\\=September 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 23, 2014}} Additionally, the passing attack would have to defend against the rush, with the Jets blitzing 75 percent of the time; New York had recorded 47 sacks since week one of 2013, tied for the 10th most in the league, while [Pro Football Focus](/wiki/Pro_Football_Focus \"Pro Football Focus\") ranked [Muhammad Wilkerson](/wiki/Muhammad_Wilkerson \"Muhammad Wilkerson\") and [Sheldon Richardson](/wiki/Sheldon_Richardson \"Sheldon Richardson\") as the top 12 pass\\-rushing [3–4 defensive](/wiki/3%E2%80%934_defense \"3–4 defense\") ends in the NFL, with [Quinton Coples](/wiki/Quinton_Coples \"Quinton Coples\") having the most QB pressures of a 3–4 OLB with ten. However, Jay Cutler had completed 67 percent of passes under pressure, the second\\-most in the NFL. the Bears led the league in completions of four yards or more on first down with 21,{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/21/joniaks\\-keys\\-to\\-the\\-game\\-bears\\-jets/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Jets\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 23, 2014}} and despite injuries to Brandon Marshall and Alshon Jeffery, the passing game could have a chance against a secondary that struggled in the previous week against the Packers. Matt Forte would also be a viable passing option, but the Jets had the fifth\\-fewest receiving yards by an RB allowed with 28\\.5 On defense, the Bears would have to stop the Jets' rushing game, which led the league with 358 total rushing yards, while tying for third in the NFL with 33 runs of four yards or more, and averaged 5\\.54 yards on first down. [Chris Ivory](/wiki/Chris_Ivory \"Chris Ivory\") also had the highest rushing average with 6\\.3 yards, while the Jets averaged 5 yards offensively, and the Bears were allowing 5\\.3 yards per carry, while allowing a total of 320 yards and four touchdowns on 60 carries. On special teams, the Bears had promoted [Rashad Ross](/wiki/Rashad_Ross \"Rashad Ross\"), who averaged 32 return yards with the [Washington Redskins](/wiki/Washington_Redskins \"Washington Redskins\") in the preseason, from the practice squad, which appeared to be an improvement over [Senorise Perry](/wiki/Senorise_Perry \"Senorise Perry\"), who had returned only two of eleven kickoffs in the first two games of the season. The betting line for the game was New York by \\-2\\.5\\.{{cite web\\|last\\=Wilkening\\|first\\=Mike\\|url\\=http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\\-09\\-21/bears\\-vs\\-jets\\-line\\-pick\\-spread\\-odds\\-prediction\\-betting\\-vegas\\-week\\-3\\-nfl\\|title\\=Bears vs. Jets betting preview and pick – High total posted for traditionally low\\-scoring matchup\\|work\\=\\[\\[Sporting News]]\\|date\\=September 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 23, 2014}} The Bears' captains were Cutler, Lance Briggs, and [Danny McCray](/wiki/Danny_McCray \"Danny McCray\"),{{cite web\\|last\\=Fishbain\\|first\\=Kevin\\|url\\=http://www.chicagofootball.com/2014/09/23/notebook\\-opportunistic\\-bears\\-take\\-w\\-from\\-jets/a8jvatu/\\|title\\=Notebook: Opportunistic Bears take 'W' from Jets\\|publisher\\=Chicago Football\\|date\\=September 22, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 23, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=September 26, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926141452/http://www.chicagofootball.com/2014/09/23/notebook\\-opportunistic\\-bears\\-take\\-w\\-from\\-jets/a8jvatu/\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} while Sherrick McManis, [Shea McClellin](/wiki/Shea_McClellin \"Shea McClellin\"), Roberto Garza, Matt Slauson, Charles Leno, and [Trevor Scott](/wiki/Trevor_Scott \"Trevor Scott\") were not active.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Jets/3d92fc91\\-9414\\-492c\\-9c5b\\-aa4bdfb3dfd7\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Jets\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 22, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 24, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215075101/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Jets/3d92fc91\\-9414\\-492c\\-9c5b\\-aa4bdfb3dfd7\\|archive\\-date\\=December 15, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"The Bears won the coin toss, and deferred until the second half.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.covers.com/articles/articles.aspx?theArt\\=387710\\|title\\=Bears\\-Jets: What we learned\\|publisher\\=Covers.com\\|access\\-date\\=September 26, 2014}} On the second play of the Jets' first drive, Smith's fake [screen pass](/wiki/Screen_pass \"Screen pass\") was intercepted by [Ryan Mundy](/wiki/Ryan_Mundy \"Ryan Mundy\"), scoring on a 45\\-yard return.{{cite news\\|last\\=Potash\\|first\\=Mark\\|url\\=https://www.suntimes.com/30044333\\-606/kyle\\-fuller\\-ryan\\-mundy\\-pick\\-the\\-jets\\-clean.html\\#.VCY6fvldWSo\\|title\\=Kyle Fuller, Ryan Mundy pick the Jets clean\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Sun\\-Times]]\\|date\\=September 22, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 26, 2014}} After the Jets punted, the Bears also were forced to punt, but [Jalen Saunders](/wiki/Jalen_Saunders \"Jalen Saunders\") muffed the punt, which was recovered by [Ahmad Dixon](/wiki/Ahmad_Dixon \"Ahmad Dixon\"). Four plays later, Jay Cutler threw a seven\\-yard touchdown pass to Martellus Bennett, with New York scoring the final points of the first quarter via [Nick Folk](/wiki/Nick_Folk \"Nick Folk\")'s 43\\-yard field goal. Both teams exchanged field goals on their first drives of the second quarter. On the Jets' next drive, Smith connected with [Jeremy Kerley](/wiki/Jeremy_Kerley \"Jeremy Kerley\") on a 19\\-yard pass to make the score 17–13\\. On the Bears' following possession,{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554288\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Chicago Bears vs. New York Jets – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=September 26, 2014}} Cutler was stripped by [David Harris](/wiki/David_Harris_%28American_football%29 \"David Harris (American football)\"), with [Demario Davis](/wiki/Demario_Davis \"Demario Davis\") scoring on the return. However, the officials had believed Cutler was downed prior to losing the ball, and while a challenge ruled the play as a fumble, the touchdown was not recorded. Despite the takeaway, the Jets would be forced to punt.{{cite news\\|last\\=Slater\\|first\\=Darryl\\|url\\=http://www.nj.com/jets/index.ssf/2014/09/demario\\_davis\\_criticizes\\_officiating\\_after\\_whistle\\_negates\\_his\\_fumble\\_return\\_for\\_touchdown\\_in\\_bears\\-.html\\|title\\=Demario Davis criticizes officiating after whistle negates his fumble return for TD in Bears\\-Jets\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[NJ.com]]\\|date\\=September 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 26, 2014}} The half would end with no additional scoring. On Chicago's first drive of the second half, Cutler threw a 13\\-yard touchdown pass to Bennett. After both teams traded punts, Smith and the Jets reached the Bears' 18\\-yard line, but was his pass intended for [David Nelson](/wiki/David_Nelson_%28wide_receiver%29 \"David Nelson (wide receiver)\") was intercepted by Kyle Fuller in the endzone. The Jets would later kick a 22\\-yard field goal. In the final quarter, Folk kicked a 42\\-yarder, with Robbie Gould kicking one of 45 yards on the next drive, the score becoming 27–19\\. On New York's final drive of the game, the offense reached the Bears' nine\\-yard line, but on 4th and 5, Smith's pass for Kerley was defended by rookie [Brock Vereen](/wiki/Brock_Vereen \"Brock Vereen\"),{{cite news\\|last\\=Biggs\\|first\\=Brad\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/ct\\-biggs\\-film\\-session\\-bears\\-spt\\-0924\\-20140924\\-story.html\\|title\\=Four Bears rookies make big plays for defense\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=September 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 26, 2014}} and despite catching the ball, Kerley was out of bounds.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Quick\\-start\\-strong\\-finish\\-lift\\-Bears/e952171e\\-9ca6\\-4ee3\\-ae27\\-5ebf7bc5ea08\\|title\\=Quick start, strong finish lift Bears\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 22, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 26, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925072939/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Quick\\-start\\-strong\\-finish\\-lift\\-Bears/e952171e\\-9ca6\\-4ee3\\-ae27\\-5ebf7bc5ea08\\|archive\\-date\\=September 25, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} The Bears kneeled three times to end the game.",
"The game marked the first time since week 16 of [2012](/wiki/2012_Chicago_Bears_season \"2012 Chicago Bears season\") against the [Arizona Cardinals](/wiki/Arizona_Cardinals \"Arizona Cardinals\") that the Bears allowed fewer than 20 points in a game.{{cite news\\|last\\=Biggs\\|first\\=Brad\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\\-brad\\-biggs\\-10\\-thoughts\\-bears\\-jets\\-20140923\\-story.html\\#page\\=1\\|title\\=10 thoughts after Bears' win over Jets\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=September 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014}} Fuller, who was making his first career start, became the first NFL player in the last 20 years to record three interceptions and two forced fumbles in the first three games.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/What\\-we\\-learned\\-in\\-win\\-over\\-Jets/78266033\\-02e0\\-4f30\\-8f95\\-ee417c9ebb6f\\|title\\=What we learned in win over Jets\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 26, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926060540/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/What\\-we\\-learned\\-in\\-win\\-over\\-Jets/78266033\\-02e0\\-4f30\\-8f95\\-ee417c9ebb6f\\|archive\\-date\\=September 26, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"#### Week 4: vs. Green Bay Packers",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\=background\\-color:\\#03182f; color:\\#df6108; border:2px solid \\#df6108; text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Four: Green Bay Packers at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=September 28\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:00 p.m. CDT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Packers'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=7\\|R2\\=14\\|R3\\=10\\|R4\\=7\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=7\\|H2\\=10\\|H3\\=0\\|H4\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=61,736\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|70\\|F\\|C}}, partly cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Terry McAulay]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=Fox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Kevin Burkhardt]], \\[\\[John Lynch (American football)\\|John Lynch]] and \\[\\[Pam Oliver]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014092801/2014/REG4/packers@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56220/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Brandon Marshall]] 6 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 6:30 (CHI 7–0\\). '''Drive: 15 plays, 80 yards, 8:30'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Eddie Lacy]] 2 yard run, \\[\\[Mason Crosby]] XP good, 4:08 (TIE 7–7\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 81 yards, 2:22'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 23 yard field goal, 13:58 (CHI 10–7\\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 75 yards, 5:10'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Jordy Nelson]] 3 yard pass from \\[\\[Aaron Rodgers]], Mason Crosby XP good, 10:11 (GB 14–10\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 78 yards, 3:47'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 8 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 3:50 (CHI 17–14\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 80 yards, 6:21'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Randall Cobb (American football)\\|Randall Cobb]] 22 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 1:03 (GB 21–17\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 61 plays, 2:47'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – Mason Crosby 53 yard field goal, 10:57 (GB 24–17\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 35 yards, 4:03'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – Jordy Nelson 11 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 4:28 (GB 31–17\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 35 yards, 3:01'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – Randall Cobb 3 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 14:52 (GB 38–17\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 11 yards, 1:41'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[Aaron Rodgers]], 22/28, 302 yards, 4 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 22/34, 256 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[Eddie Lacy]], 17 carries, 48 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 23 carries, 122 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[Jordy Nelson]], 10 receptions, 108 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]], 9 receptions, 134 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[Morgan Burnett]], 12 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Ryan Mundy]], 8 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFor week four, the Bears donned their 1940s throwbacks{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Kickoff\\-Countdown\\-Bears\\-Packers/e02eebe0\\-c035\\-40ec\\-98c5\\-34b476b18212\\|title\\=Kickoff Countdown: Bears\\-Packers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104644/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Kickoff\\-Countdown\\-Bears\\-Packers/e02eebe0\\-c035\\-40ec\\-98c5\\-34b476b18212\\|archive\\-date\\=October 6, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} when they hosted the 1–2 [Packers](/wiki/2014_Green_Bay_Packers_season \"2014 Green Bay Packers season\"), the Bears having led the [all\\-time series](/wiki/Bears-Packers_rivalry \"Bears-Packers rivalry\") 93–89–2, but the Packers had won 9 of the previous 11 games.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.packers.com/news\\-and\\-events/article\\-infographic/article\\-1/Infographic\\-Packers\\-vs\\-Bears\\-game\\-preview/109ba113\\-961b\\-483f\\-bbb5\\-0f4bce6a7401\\|title\\=Infographic: Packers vs. Bears game preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[Green Bay Packers]]\\|date\\=September 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928034403/http://www.packers.com/news\\-and\\-events/article\\-infographic/article\\-1/Infographic\\-Packers\\-vs\\-Bears\\-game\\-preview/109ba113\\-961b\\-483f\\-bbb5\\-0f4bce6a7401\\|archive\\-date\\=September 28, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} On offense, the Bears' worst\\-ranked rushing game (64 yards per game){{cite web\\|last\\=Taft\\|first\\=Jay\\|url\\=http://www.journalstandard.com/article/20140926/SPORTS/140929425/10483/SPORTS\\|title\\=Why can't the Bears run?\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Journal Standard]]\\|date\\=September 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=September 29, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929233407/http://www.journalstandard.com/article/20140926/SPORTS/140929425/10483/SPORTS\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} had a chance to produce against the Packers, who were ranked 30th by allowing 156 yards per game, while opponents had run a league\\-most 37\\.3 times per game while scoring an also league\\-high five rushing touchdowns.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/26/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-packers/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Packers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014}} Also, Matt Forte had recorded 336 yards and four touchdowns against the Packers in his last two games. The offense also was challenged by the pass defense, with defenders [Sam Shields](/wiki/Sam_Shields \"Sam Shields\") and [Tramon Williams](/wiki/Tramon_Williams \"Tramon Williams\"), who were stingy in [man coverage](/wiki/Man-to-man_defense \"Man-to-man defense\"). For the Bears' defense, the Packers had also struggled on the run, ranking 26th in the league with a 78\\-yard rushing average{{cite web\\|last\\=Durkin\\|first\\=Dan\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/27/durkins\\-preview\\-despite\\-their\\-record\\-packers\\-still\\-dangerous/\\|title\\=Durkin's Preview: Despite Their Record, Packers Still Dangerous\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 27, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014}} and the longest run being of 17 yards, while having averaged only 3\\.63 yards per carry. Additionally, Green Bay was ranked 28th in the league in yards. However, the team faced the Packers' passing attack, which featured the receiving duo of [Jordy Nelson](/wiki/Jordy_Nelson \"Jordy Nelson\") and [Randall Cobb](/wiki/Randall_Cobb_%28American_football%29 \"Randall Cobb (American football)\"). The former led the league in targets (37\\) and first downs (16\\), while ranking second in receiving yards (351\\), while the Bears had struggled with covering [slant](/wiki/Slant_%28route%29 \"Slant (route)\") and dig routes, both of which Nelson excelled at. The latter had three touchdowns in 2014, but was used primarily for [hitch](/wiki/Hitch_%28route%29 \"Hitch (route)\") and stick routes.{{cite web\\|last\\=Durkin\\|first\\=Dan\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/09/25/durkin\\-know\\-your\\-opponent\\-green\\-bay\\-packers\\-4/\\|title\\=Durkin: Know Your Opponent – Green Bay Packers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=September 25, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014}} The Packers were two\\-point favorites.{{cite news\\|url\\=http://www.jsonline.com/sports/packers/preview\\-packers\\-at\\-bears\\-b99359596z1\\-277350741\\.html\\|title\\=Preview: Packers at Bears\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]\\|date\\=September 27, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014}} Sherrick McManis, Shea McClellin, Roberto Garza, Matt Slauson, Jared Allen, Charles Leno, and [Jeremiah Ratliff](/wiki/Jeremiah_Ratliff \"Jeremiah Ratliff\") were inactive.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Packers/30de4518\\-ae12\\-475c\\-b680\\-e2f9490fe469\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Packers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=September 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006081948/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Packers/30de4518\\-ae12\\-475c\\-b680\\-e2f9490fe469\\|archive\\-date\\=October 6, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} [Kyle Long](/wiki/Kyle_Long \"Kyle Long\"), Alshon Jeffery, and Ryan Mundy served as team captains for the game, while the honorary captains were [Dick Butkus](/wiki/Dick_Butkus \"Dick Butkus\") and [Kurt Becker](/wiki/Kurt_Becker \"Kurt Becker\").\nThe Packers won the coin toss, and decided to kick. On the first drive, the Bears scored on Jay Cutler's six\\-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall, which the Packers responded with [Eddie Lacy](/wiki/Eddie_Lacy \"Eddie Lacy\")'s two\\-yard touchdown run. During Chicago's next drive,{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554207\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Green Bay Packers vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 3, 2014}} on 4th and 1, Cutler fumbled the snap, and upon picking up the ball, recorded a 16\\-yard run on an accidental [fumblerooski](/wiki/Fumblerooski \"Fumblerooski\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Katzowitz\\|first\\=Josh\\|url\\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\\-on\\-football/24728517/jay\\-cutler\\-fumbles\\-snap\\-on\\-fourth\\-down\\-turns\\-it\\-into\\-long\\-gain\\|title\\=Bears' Jay Cutler reinvents the fumblerooski vs. Packers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[CBSSports.com]]\\|date\\=September 24, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 3, 2014}} The drive continued into the second quarter, ended with Robbie Gould kicking a 23\\-yard field goal. The two teams exchanged touchdowns on the final three plays: [Aaron Rodgers](/wiki/Aaron_Rodgers \"Aaron Rodgers\")' three\\-yard pass to Nelson, Cutler's eight\\-yard pass to Jeffery, and Rodgers' 22\\-yard pass to Cobb. The Bears reached the Packers' nine\\-yard line by the final play of the first half; on the play, Cutler's pass for Bennett was ruled short of a touchdown. During the television review, [Micah Hyde](/wiki/Micah_Hyde_%28American_football%29 \"Micah Hyde (American football)\") covered the camera angle,{{cite news\\|last\\=Dunne\\|first\\=Tyler\\|url\\=http://www.jsonline.com/blogs/sports/277373581\\.html\\|title\\=Rodgers, Packers shine with big victory over Bears\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]\\|date\\=September 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 3, 2014}} preventing the touchdown and ending the half with the Packers leading 21–17\\. In the third quarter, the Packers drove to the Bears' 34\\-yard line, where Rodgers completed a touchdown pass to [Davante Adams](/wiki/Davante_Adams \"Davante Adams\"), which would be nullified by a holding penalty on center [Corey Linsley](/wiki/Corey_Linsley \"Corey Linsley\"); Crosby would eventually kick a 53\\-yard field goal. Afterwards, Cutler's pass for [Josh Morgan](/wiki/Josh_Morgan \"Josh Morgan\") would be tipped by Williams and intercepted by [Clay Matthews](/wiki/Clay_Matthews_III \"Clay Matthews III\"), with Green Bay capitalizing on the takeaway with Rodgers' 11\\-yard touchdown pass to Nelson.{{cite web\\|last\\=Wright\\|first\\=Michael C.\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\\_/id/4694598/first\\-jay\\-cutler\\-int\\-set\\-rout\\-in\\-motion\\|title\\=Jay Cutler's first interception set rout in motion\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=September 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 5, 2014}} On the next drive, Shields intercepted Cutler, and Crosby kicked a 23\\-yard field goal; however, a holding penalty on [Jon Bostic](/wiki/Jon_Bostic \"Jon Bostic\") led to Rodgers' three\\-yard touchdown pass to Cobb. On Chicago's next drive, Williams intercepted Cutler, but the play would be nullified; the Bears would subsequently punt. On the Packers' next drive, they would reach the Bears' 20\\-yard line before Crosby's field goal was blocked by [Willie Young](/wiki/Willie_Young_%28defensive_end%29 \"Willie Young (defensive end)\"), the first block by the Bears in over a year.{{cite news\\|last\\=Biggs\\|first\\=Brad\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\\-brad\\-biggs\\-10\\-thoughts\\-bears\\-packers\\-20140928\\-story.html\\|title\\=10 thoughts after Bears' loss to Packers\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=September 29, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 11, 2014}} [Jimmy Clausen](/wiki/Jimmy_Clausen \"Jimmy Clausen\") replaced Cutler on the final drive, and the Bears ran out the clock to end the game.",
"The Bears recorded 496 yards, the first time since [1979](/wiki/1979_Chicago_Bears_season \"1979 Chicago Bears season\") against the [Minnesota Vikings](/wiki/1979_Minnesota_Vikings_season \"1979 Minnesota Vikings season\") that the Bears recorded such yardage and lost. The last time the team recorded more than 496 yards and lost occurred in [1947](/wiki/1947_Chicago_Bears_season \"1947 Chicago Bears season\") against the [Los Angeles Rams](/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams \"Los Angeles Rams\") and [Chicago Cardinals](/wiki/Chicago_Cardinals \"Chicago Cardinals\").{{cite news\\|last\\=Potash\\|first\\=Mark\\|url\\=http://www.suntimes.com/sports/30178370\\-606/jay\\-cutler\\-can\\-share\\-blame\\-for\\-loss\\-to\\-packers.html\\#.VDISu\\_ldWSo\\|title\\=FIRST\\-AND\\-10: 10 thoughts on the Bears\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Sun\\-Times]]\\|date\\=September 29, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 5, 2014}} Additionally, the rushing attack recorded 102 yards in the first quarter, the first time Chicago recorded at least 100 rushing yards in the first quarter since [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season \"2010 Chicago Bears season\") against the [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/Carolina_Panthers \"Carolina Panthers\"). The game was only the second in NFL history to have no total punts.",
"#### Week 5: at Carolina Panthers",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Five: Chicago Bears at Carolina Panthers – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=October 5\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=1:00 p.m. EDT/12:00 p.m. CDT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=14\\|R2\\=7\\|R3\\=3\\|R4\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\='''Panthers'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=7\\|H2\\=7\\|H3\\=7\\|H4\\=10\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[Bank of America Stadium]], \\[\\[Charlotte, North Carolina]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=73,659\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|60\\|F\\|C}}, sunny\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Tony Corrente]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=Fox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Thom Brennaman]], \\[\\[David Diehl]] and \\[\\[Laura Okmin]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014100500/2014/REG5/bears@panthers Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56232/CAR\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CAR – \\[\\[Philly Brown]] 79 yard punt return, \\[\\[Graham Gano]] XP good, 10:56 (CAR 7–0\\).\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]] 10 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 4:31 (TIE 7–7\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 28 yards, 0:47'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Jay Cutler 10 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 2:13 (CHI 14–7\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 13 yards, 1:21'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 25 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 10:51 (CHI 21–7\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 68 yards, 5:20'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CAR – \\[\\[Greg Olsen (American football)\\|Greg Olsen]] 12 yard pass from \\[\\[Cam Newton]], Graham Gano XP good, 0:12 (CHI 21–14\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 74 yards, 1:39'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CAR – \\[\\[Chris Ogbonnaya]] 1 yard run, Graham Gano XP good, 7:16 (TIE 21–21\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 86 yards, 4:00'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 45 yard field goal, 2:38 (CHI 24–21\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 53 yards, 4:38'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CAR – Graham Gano 44 yard field goal, 4:29 (TIE 24–24\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 6 yards, 1:27'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CAR – Greg Olsen 6 yard pass from Cam Newton, Graham Gano XP good, 2:18 (CAR 31–24\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 23 yards, 2:00'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 28/36, 289 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CAR – \\[\\[Cam Newton]], 19/35, 255 yards, 2 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 17 carries, 61 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CAR – \\[\\[Darrin Reaves]], 11 carries, 65 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 12 receptions, 105 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CAR – \\[\\[Greg Olsen (American football)\\|Greg Olsen]], 6 receptions, 72 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jared Allen]], 2 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CAR – \\[\\[Luke Kuechly]], 11 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn week five, the Bears, looking to go 3–0 on the road for the first time since [2006](/wiki/2006_Chicago_Bears_season \"2006 Chicago Bears season\"), visited the 2–2 [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/2014_Carolina_Panthers_season \"2014 Carolina Panthers season\"), the Bears having led the all\\-time series 5–3, and also having won the most recent meeting in 2012 23–22\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=chi\\&tm2\\=car\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs Carolina Panthers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014}} The Bears had been plagued by inconsistency during the season, for example in the passing attack, with Jay Cutler, playing in his first away game with Chicago against Carolina, completing 67\\.5 percent in the two home games with four touchdowns and four interceptions while posting an 84\\.7 rating. On the road, he had completed 63\\.9 percent of passes with six touchdowns and no interceptions, along with a 106\\.3 rating. In two games against the Panthers, Cutler had thrown a touchdown and two picks with a 69\\.5 passer rating. The Bears had to protect Cutler from a Panthers defense that recorded 60 sacks in 2013, and despite missing [Greg Hardy](/wiki/Greg_Hardy \"Greg Hardy\"), featured defending [Defensive Player of the Year](/wiki/AP_NFL_Defensive_Player_of_the_Year_Award \"AP NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award\") [Luke Kuechly](/wiki/Luke_Kuechly \"Luke Kuechly\") and [Star Lotulelei](/wiki/Star_Lotulelei \"Star Lotulelei\"). However, Panthers' cornerback [Antoine Cason](/wiki/Antoine_Cason \"Antoine Cason\") was struggling during the year, having allowed three touchdowns. Additionally, the Panthers' had allowed 75 points the last two games, compared to 21 in the first two weeks, and while allowing an average 201\\.7 passing yards in the first three games, the team permitted the [Baltimore Ravens](/wiki/Baltimore_Ravens \"Baltimore Ravens\")' [Joe Flacco](/wiki/Joe_Flacco \"Joe Flacco\") to throw for 327 passing yards in their last game. On the ground, the Bears had an advantage against the Panthers' 27th\\-ranked rushing defense, which allowed 140\\.8 rushing yards per game,{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\\=400554200\\|title\\=Bears\\-Panthers Preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 12, 2014}} 264 rushing yards two games prior against the [Pittsburgh Steelers](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers \"Pittsburgh Steelers\"),{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/03/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-panthers/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Panthers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=October 3, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 12, 2014}} and a total 391 rushing yards in the last two games.{{cite web\\|last\\=Newton\\|first\\=David\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/carolina\\-panthers/post/\\_/id/9237/prediction\\-panthers\\-will\\-beat\\-bears\\|title\\=Prediction: Panthers will beat Bears\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=October 3, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 12, 2014}} The Bears also had a chance to capitalize on the Panthers' worst\\-ranked red zone offenses and defenses, with Chicago boasting a second\\- and sixth\\-ranked red zone offense and defense, respectively.{{cite web\\|last1\\=Newton\\|first1\\=David\\|last2\\=Wright\\|first2\\=Michael C.\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/carolina\\-panthers/post/\\_/id/9173/bears\\-vs\\-panthers\\-preview\\|title\\=Bears vs. Panthers preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=October 2, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 12, 2014}} The Panthers were the \\-2\\.5 favorite for the game's betting line.{{cite web\\|last\\=Wilkening\\|first\\=Mike\\|url\\=http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\\-10\\-02/bears\\-vs\\-panthers\\-line\\-pick\\-spread\\-betting\\-odds\\-prediction\\-vegas\\-week\\-5\\-nfl\\|title\\=Bears vs. Panthers betting preview and pick – Chicago doing best work on road\\|work\\=\\[\\[Sporting News]]\\|date\\=October 2, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 12, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=October 17, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017152007/http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\\-10\\-02/bears\\-vs\\-panthers\\-line\\-pick\\-spread\\-betting\\-odds\\-prediction\\-vegas\\-week\\-5\\-nfl\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} The Bears' inactives were Sherrick McManis, Ahmad Dixon, Shea McClellin, Roberto Garza, Charles Leno, and Jeremiah Ratliff,{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Panthers/a8264877\\-2266\\-4ba5\\-8620\\-7e955d1b0622\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Panthers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 3, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 12, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007083119/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Panthers/a8264877\\-2266\\-4ba5\\-8620\\-7e955d1b0622\\|archive\\-date\\=October 7, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} while Matt Slauson, [D.J. Williams](/wiki/D._J._Williams_%28linebacker%29 \"D. J. Williams (linebacker)\"), and Robbie Gould were the captains.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Kickoff\\-Countdown\\-Bears\\-Panthers/411492bf\\-01b4\\-4293\\-bb3c\\-2c5c5e4d8c78\\|title\\=Kickoff Countdown: Bears\\-Panthers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 3, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 12, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008030901/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Kickoff\\-Countdown\\-Bears\\-Panthers/411492bf\\-01b4\\-4293\\-bb3c\\-2c5c5e4d8c78\\|archive\\-date\\=October 8, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\nAfter the Bears won the toss and kicked off, the Panthers punted on their drive, and on the punt return, [Santonio Holmes](/wiki/Santonio_Holmes \"Santonio Holmes\") fumbled the ball out of bounds. The Bears would also be forced to punt,{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554200\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Chicago Bears vs. Carolina Panthers – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 15, 2014}} and on the return, [Philly Brown](/wiki/Philly_Brown \"Philly Brown\") was tackled by [Teddy Williams](/wiki/Teddy_Williams_%28American_football%29 \"Teddy Williams (American football)\") before receiving the ball, and while both teams were attempting to recover the ball, Brown picked up the ball and scored{{cite web\\|last\\=Sikes\\|first\\=Caroline\\|url\\=http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\\-10\\-05/philly\\-brown\\-touchdown\\-carolina\\-panthers\\-chicago\\-bears\\-special\\-teams\\-punt\\-return\\|title\\=Panthers' Philly Brown scores on wild punt return\\|work\\=\\[\\[Sporting News]]\\|date\\=October 5, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 16, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=October 7, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007090920/http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/story/2014\\-10\\-05/philly\\-brown\\-touchdown\\-carolina\\-panthers\\-chicago\\-bears\\-special\\-teams\\-punt\\-return\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} on the 79\\-yard return. On the Bears' next drive, despite reaching the Panthers' seven\\-yard line, Cutler's pass for Brandon Marshall went into double coverage and was intercepted by [Roman Harper](/wiki/Roman_Harper \"Roman Harper\"),{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/A\\-day\\-later\\-Trestman\\-analyzes\\-loss/7b6bac69\\-5511\\-4bf8\\-b110\\-2a036b74589f\\|title\\=A day later, Trestman analyzes loss\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 6, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 17, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010233132/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/A\\-day\\-later\\-Trestman\\-analyzes\\-loss/7b6bac69\\-5511\\-4bf8\\-b110\\-2a036b74589f\\|archive\\-date\\=October 10, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} who returned the pick 44 yards to the Bears' 49\\-yard line, but was ruled down by challenge, and as a result, the Panthers started the drive from their own eight\\-yard line. Three plays later, [Isaiah Frey](/wiki/Isaiah_Frey \"Isaiah Frey\") forced [Kelvin Benjamin](/wiki/Kelvin_Benjamin \"Kelvin Benjamin\") to fumble, recovering the loose ball at Carolina's 28\\-yard line. The Bears would score on Cutler's ten\\-yard touchdown pass to Matt Forte; Chicago would then capitalize on another turnover during the Panthers' next drive: after Willie Young strip\\-sacked [Cam Newton](/wiki/Cam_Newton \"Cam Newton\"), Lamarr Houston recovered at Carolina's 18\\-yard line, and on the Bears' ensuing drive, Cutler scored on a ten\\-yard run, the first rushing touchdown for Cutler since [2011](/wiki/2011_Chicago_Bears_season \"2011 Chicago Bears season\") and the first for the team in 2014\\. The Bears' next drive lasted into the second quarter, and ended with the Bears extending the score to 21–7 after Cutler threw a 25\\-yard touchdown pass to Alshon Jeffery. The Panthers then drove to Chicago's 25\\-yard line, but the drive ended after Newton's pass was intercepted by a diving Lance Briggs.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\\-Briggs\\-intercepts\\-Newton/34a96551\\-f867\\-4de8\\-b273\\-2260fdb88521\\|title\\=NFLN: Briggs intercepts Newton\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 5, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 16, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008030450/http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\\-Briggs\\-intercepts\\-Newton/34a96551\\-f867\\-4de8\\-b273\\-2260fdb88521\\|archive\\-date\\=October 8, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} However, the Bears failed to take advantage of the pick, with Gould missing a 35\\-yard field goal. On the final drive for Carolina, Newton threw a nine\\-yard touchdown pass to [Greg Olsen](/wiki/Greg_Olsen_%28American_football%29 \"Greg Olsen (American football)\") to make the score at halftime 21–14\\. After the Bears punted on their first drive of the second half, the Panthers reached the Bears' seven\\-yard line, and a penalty on Kyle Fuller moved the ball to the one\\-yard line, where [Chris Ogbonnaya](/wiki/Chris_Ogbonnaya \"Chris Ogbonnaya\") scored on a one\\-yard run to tie the game. Gould would give the Bears the lead again via a 45\\-yard field goal. The two teams exchanged punts five times in the fourth quarter, and on Chicago's third possession of the quarter, Cutler's pass for Holmes was overthrown and intercepted by [Thomas DeCoud](/wiki/Thomas_DeCoud \"Thomas DeCoud\"), which set up a [Graham Gano](/wiki/Graham_Gano \"Graham Gano\") 44\\-yard field goal. On the Bears' next play, Forte was stripped by Cason, and [Kawann Short](/wiki/Kawann_Short \"Kawann Short\") recovered. Six plays later, Cam Newton threw a 6\\-yard touchdown pass to Olsen to take the 31–24 lead. On the Bears' final drive, the offense faced 4th\\-and\\-21 from their own 34\\-yard line{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-squander\\-14\\-point\\-lead\\-in\\-loss/e37c56aa\\-e9ca\\-45cb\\-b4bd\\-a88c34c8251a\\|title\\=Bears squander 14\\-point lead in loss\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 5, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 17, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008080551/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-squander\\-14\\-point\\-lead\\-in\\-loss/e37c56aa\\-e9ca\\-45cb\\-b4bd\\-a88c34c8251a\\|archive\\-date\\=October 8, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} when Cutler fumbled while being sacked by Short, and [Charles Johnson](/wiki/Charles_Johnson_%28defensive_end%29 \"Charles Johnson (defensive end)\") recovered. Carolina kneeled twice to end the game.",
"The Bears had three turnovers in the fourth quarter, the second team to do so in 2014, after the [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants \"New York Giants\"), while committing two turnovers in consecutive possessions during the fourth quarter. In comparison, the team had only one in the first four games. In the passing game, poor production on short passes led to Cutler's struggles on longer throws, completing only one of five passes of 15 yards or more during the game, including two interceptions; entering the game, he was ranked 31st of 33 quarterbacks in completion percentage for such throws with 24 percent. However, the Bears had managed to score multiple passing touchdowns against the Panthers, the fourth time this had happened to the Panthers in 2014; the Panthers had only two games allowed in [2013](/wiki/2013_Carolina_Panthers_season \"2013 Carolina Panthers season\").{{cite web\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Associated Press]]\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/recap?gameId\\=400554200\\|title\\=Cam Newton's TDs to Greg Olsen help Panthers erase 14\\-point deficit\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 17, 2014}}",
"#### Week 6: at Atlanta Falcons",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Six: Chicago Bears at Atlanta Falcons – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=October 12\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=4:25 p.m. EDT/3:25 p.m. CDT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Bears'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=13\\|R3\\=6\\|R4\\=8\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Falcons\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=3\\|H2\\=0\\|H3\\=10\\|H4\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[Georgia Dome]], \\[\\[Atlanta]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=70,712\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\=Played indoors (dome stadium)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Walt Anderson (American football)\\|Walt Anderson]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=Fox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Justin Kutcher]], David Diehl and Laura Okmin\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014101200/2014/REG6/bears@falcons Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56247/ATL\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*ATL – \\[\\[Matt Bryant]] 52 yard field goal, 9:41 (ATL 3–0\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 32 yards, 3:21'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] 25 yard field, 14:47 (TIE 3–3\\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 54 yards, 3:38'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Josh Morgan]] 3 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], Robbie Gould XP good, 5:59 (CHI 10–3\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 79 yards, 4:37\\)'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 28 yard field goal, 0:02 (CHI 13–3\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 83 yards, 4:04'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*ATL – \\[\\[Antone Smith]] 41 yard pass from \\[\\[Matt Ryan (American football)\\|Matt Ryan]], Matt Bryant XP good, 11:19 (CHI 13–10\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 86 yards, 3:41'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*ATL – Matt Bryant 54 yard field goal, 6:19 (TIE 13–13\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 33 yards, 3:13'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]] 6 yard run, Robbie Gould XP blocked, 5:06 (CHI 19–13\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 80 yards, 1:13'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Matt Forte 9 yard run, Jay Cutler pass to \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]] for two\\-point conversion, 10:07 (CHI 27–13\\). '''Drive: 15 plays, 87 yards, 8:28'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 26/38, 381 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* ATL – \\[\\[Matt Ryan (American football)\\|Matt Ryan]], 19/37, 271 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 17 carries, 80 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* ATL – \\[\\[Steven Jackson]], 6 carries, 25 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – Matt Forte, 10 receptions, 77 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* ATL – \\[\\[Julio Jones]], 4 receptions, 68 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Khaseem Greene]], 6 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* ATL – \\[\\[Kemal Ishmael]], 6 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\nThe Bears played the 2–3 [Atlanta Falcons](/wiki/2014_Atlanta_Falcons_season \"2014 Atlanta Falcons season\") in week six,{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.footballdb.com/teams/nfl/chicago\\-bears/teamvsteam?opp\\=2\\|title\\=Chicago Bears vs. Atlanta Falcons Results\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 19, 2014}} the Bears leading the all\\-time series between the two 13–12, 5–2 since 2001, and having won the most recent meeting in 2011, 30–12\\. Among the players the Bears faced was former returner and receiver [Devin Hester](/wiki/Devin_Hester \"Devin Hester\"), who had recorded 19 his NFL\\-record 20 return touchdowns with the team.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\\=400554220\\|title\\=Bears\\-Falcons Preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 19, 2014}} Atlanta entered the game with the second\\-best passing offense in the league, with the receiver duo of [Julio Jones](/wiki/Julio_Jones \"Julio Jones\") and [Roddy White](/wiki/Roddy_White \"Roddy White\") having combined for 56 catches for 765 yards and five touchdowns. The former also led the league with 40 receptions and 552 yards. Hester, despite being 23rd in the NFL with 15\\.1 yards on 14 receptions, was one the Bears had to be prepared when he was used as a [slot receiver](/wiki/Slot_receiver \"Slot receiver\"). Among the goals the Bears' defense had was to rush [Matt Ryan](/wiki/Matt_Ryan_%28American_football%29 \"Matt Ryan (American football)\"), who – despite being pressured often and tied with Jay Cutler with 130 pass attempts – was one of five quarterbacks with an average of eight yards per pass. Altogether, the Falcons had the third\\-best offense in yards gained, first in yards per play with 6\\.58, second in red zone touchdown percentage, and third with 29 points per game.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/10/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-falcons/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Falcons\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=October 10, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2014}} However, the Bears offense could attack the Falcons' 28th\\-ranked rushing defense, which had been allowing 147\\.6 yards per game; the Bears had been recording 116 rushing yards each game.{{cite web\\|last\\=Neveau\\|first\\=James\\|url\\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Bears\\-Falcons\\-Three\\-Keys\\-to\\-a\\-Chicago\\-Victory\\-\\-278934951\\.html\\|title\\=Bears\\-Falcons: Three Keys to a Chicago Victory\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WMAQ\\-TV]]\\|date\\=October 12, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2014}} In addition, Atlanta had allowed a league\\-leading ten rushing touchdowns and six yards per play, while having the second\\-worst sacks per pass attempt with 2\\.47 percent, and was one of five teams allowing 400 yards per game. On special teams, Chicago would have to watch out for Hester, who recorded one of the league's four punt return touchdowns in 2014, while recording an average of 14\\.4 yards off eight punt returns, and was ranked eighth in the league with a kick return average of 24\\.2 yards. The Falcons were predicted by every CBSSports.com analyst to win, and were the \\-3\\.5 favorite.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/gametracker/preview/NFL\\_20141012\\_CHI@ATL\\|title\\=CHICAGO AT ATLANTA\\|work\\=\\[\\[CBSSports.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2014}} Brandon Marshall, Danny McCray, and Tim Jennings served as the Bears' captains,{{cite web\\|url\\=http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/multimedia/photo\\-gallery/From\\-the\\-Sideline\\-Bears\\-Falcons/fdbcdeda\\-1dc5\\-4ec1\\-9997\\-70d9bc443b89\\|title\\=From the Sideline: Bears\\-Falcons\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028212031/http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/multimedia/photo\\-gallery/From\\-the\\-Sideline\\-Bears\\-Falcons/fdbcdeda\\-1dc5\\-4ec1\\-9997\\-70d9bc443b89\\|archive\\-date\\=October 28, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} while Sherrick McManis, Ahmad Dixon, Shea McClellin, Lance Briggs, Jon Bostic, D. J. Williams, and Jermon Bushrod were inactive.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Falcons/a1167127\\-8c2a\\-446f\\-be41\\-ce54abc4a2f5\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Falcons\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 12, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014103549/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Falcons/a1167127\\-8c2a\\-446f\\-be41\\-ce54abc4a2f5\\|archive\\-date\\=October 14, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"After the Bears won the coin toss, elected to receive, and punted on the first drive, the Falcons scored on their first drive with [Matt Bryant](/wiki/Matt_Bryant \"Matt Bryant\")'s 52\\-yard field goal. After the Bears punted again, Jones was stripped by Kyle Fuller, but recovered; the Falcons would also punt.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554220\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Chicago Bears vs. Atlanta Falcons – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=2 September 2016}} On Chicago's next drive, Cutler, after [spiking the ball](/wiki/Spike_%28gridiron_football%29 \"Spike (gridiron football)\"), was drilled by [Paul Worrilow](/wiki/Paul_Worrilow \"Paul Worrilow\"), allowing the Bears to gain a first down at the Falcons' 14\\-yard line;{{cite news\\|last1\\=Cunningham\\|first1\\=Michael\\|last2\\=Ledbetter\\|first2\\=D. Orlando\\|url\\=http://www.ajc.com/news/sports/football/another\\-big\\-play\\-touchdown\\-for\\-falcons\\-rb\\-antone\\-s/nhhLG/\\|title\\=Another big\\-play touchdown for Falcons RB Antone Smith\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Atlanta Journal\\-Constitution]]\\|date\\=October 12, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 21, 2014}} the drive lasted into the second quarter, and ended with Robbie Gould's 25\\-yard field goal; the Bears extended the lead on their next drive via Cutler's three\\-yard touchdown pass to Josh Morgan. The Falcons would be forced to punt again, with Chicago scoring off Gould's 28\\-yard field goal, the final scoring play of the first half, the Bears leading 13–3\\. After receiving the ball in the second half, the Falcons drove to Chicago's 41\\-yard line, where Ryan threw a 41\\-yard touchdown pass to [Antone Smith](/wiki/Antone_Smith \"Antone Smith\"), and the Falcons tied the game on their next possession off Bryant's 54\\-yard field goal. On Chicago's drive, the Falcons failed to provide safety assistance at the right side of the field, leading to Cutler throwing a 74\\-yard pass to Alshon Jeffery, completing it to the Falcons' five\\-yard line, with Matt Forte scoring on the next run, though Gould's extra point would be blocked by [Ra'Shede Hageman](/wiki/Ra%27Shede_Hageman \"Ra'Shede Hageman\"). Now down by six, the Falcons failed to score, and were forced to punt. In the final quarter, the Bears reached the Falcons' eight\\-yard line, where Cutler threw a touchdown pass to Jeffery. However, the score would be nullified by Jeffery stepping out of the endzone on the play. On the next play, Martellus Bennett fought to the nine\\-yard line, where Forte scored on the rushing touchdown. The Bears then scored on the two\\-point conversion with Cutler's pass to Bennett, putting the Bears up by 14 points, 27–13\\. On Atlanta's next drive, Jared Allen recorded his first sack as a Bear,{{cite web\\|last\\=Neveau\\|first\\=James\\|url\\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Bears\\-vs\\-Falcons\\-Cutler\\-Forte\\-Bennett\\-Ryan\\-278951081\\.html\\|title\\=Strong Defense Earns Bears 27\\-13 Win Over Falcons\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WMAQ\\-TV]]\\|date\\=October 12, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 21, 2014}} and would later be forced to punt, and the Bears would also punt. Afterwards, Ryan's pass for Jones would be intercepted by [Demontre Hurst](/wiki/Demontre_Hurst \"Demontre Hurst\"), though the Bears would have to punt. The Falcons' final drive ended with a turnover on downs, and Cutler would kneel thrice to end the game.",
"The Bears became the first team to win 750 total games.{{cite web\\|last\\=Newberry\\|first\\=Paul\\|url\\=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/79c4f5a8b1da4a04ab1d7ae9ef2f3211/cutler\\-leads\\-road\\-warrior\\-bears\\-past\\-falcons\\-27\\-13\\|title\\=Cutler leads road\\-warrior Bears past Falcons 27\\-13\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Associated Press]]\\|date\\=October 12, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 24, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=October 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027040654/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/79c4f5a8b1da4a04ab1d7ae9ef2f3211/cutler\\-leads\\-road\\-warrior\\-bears\\-past\\-falcons\\-27\\-13\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} It took only 4 road games for the Bears to match their road win total from last season (the Bears were 3–5 on the road during the 2013 season). The 13 points allowed by the Bears were the fewest that they had ever allowed in a game under Marc Trestman.{{cite news\\|last\\=LeGere\\|first\\=Bob\\|url\\=http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20141018/sports/141018168/\\|title\\=Trio of Bears LBs proved their worth vs. Falcons\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Daily Herald (Arlington Heights)\\|Daily Herald]]\\|date\\=October 18, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 21, 2014}} It was also fewest that they allowed in a game since Week 12 of the 2012 season when they held the Vikings to 10 points. When the Bears held a two\\-touchdown lead, Falcons fans began leaving the Dome, with Bears fans forcing the Falcons to utilize silent counts and had to call a timeout due to crowd noise and a ticking play clock.{{cite news\\|last\\=Cunningham\\|first\\=Michael\\|url\\=http://www.ajc.com/news/sports/football/noisy\\-bears\\-fans\\-in\\-dome\\-affected\\-falcons/nhjtJ/\\|title\\=Noisy Bears fans in Dome affected Falcons\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Atlanta Journal\\-Constitution]]\\|date\\=October 15, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 24, 2014}}",
"#### Week 7: vs. Miami Dolphins",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Seven: Miami Dolphins at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=October 19\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:00 p.m. CDT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Dolphins'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=7\\|R2\\=7\\|R3\\=7\\|R4\\=6\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=0\\|H2\\=0\\|H3\\=7\\|H4\\=7\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=62,413\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|50\\|F\\|C}}, partly cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Pete Morelli]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=\\[\\[NFL on CBS\\|CBS]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Greg Gumbel]], \\[\\[Trent Green]] and \\[\\[Evan Washburn]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014101902/2014/REG7/dolphins@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56264/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIA – \\[\\[Charles Clay (American football)\\|Charles Clay]] 13 yard pass from \\[\\[Ryan Tannehill]], \\[\\[Caleb Sturgis]] XP good, 6:51 (MIA 7–0\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 81 yards, 4:24'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIA – \\[\\[Mike Wallace (American football)\\|Mike Wallace]] 10 yard pass from Ryan Tannehill, Caleb Sturgis XP good, 5:20 (MIA 14–0\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 23 yards, 1:33'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]] 10 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 7:59 (MIA 14–7\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 80 yards, 7:01'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIA – \\[\\[Lamar Miller]] 2 yard run, Caleb Sturgis XP good, 0:31 (MIA 21–7\\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 83 yards, 7:28'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIA – Caleb Sturgis 33 yard field goal, 13:31 (MIA 24–7\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 2 yards, 0:52'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Matt Forte 1 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 7:38 (MIA 24–14\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 73 yards, 2:05'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIA – Caleb Sturgis 19 yard field goal, 2:13 (MIA 27–14\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 65 yards, 5:25'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIA – \\[\\[Ryan Tannehill]], 25/32, 277 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 21/34, 190 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIA – \\[\\[Lamar Miller]], 18 carries, 61 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 12 carries, 49 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIA – \\[\\[Mike Wallace (American football)\\|Mike Wallace]], 5 receptions, 46 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – Matt Forte, 6 receptions, 60 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIA – \\[\\[Reshad Jones]], 7 tackles, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jeremiah Ratliff]], 5 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\nThe Bears, seeking to avoid going 0–3 at home for the first time in ten years,{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\\=400554270\\|title\\=Dolphins\\-Bears Preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 25, 2014}} hosted the [Miami Dolphins](/wiki/2014_Miami_Dolphins_season \"2014 Miami Dolphins season\") in week seven, trailing the all\\-time series 4–7, though the Bears won the most recent game in 2010 16–0\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=chi\\&tm2\\=mia\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs Miami Dolphins\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=October 22, 2014}} The Bears had struggled at home during the season, scoring a total of 37 points and a \\-4 turnover differential; in contrast, the Bears had an average score of 26\\.5 and a \\+6 turnover difference on the road. In addition, Jay Cutler had nine passing touchdowns, two interceptions and a 104\\.6 passer rating in away games, while having four touchdowns, four interceptions (three of which occurred in the second half) and a rating of 84\\.7 at home, with a rating of 58\\.1 after halftime. Chicago had to protect Cutler from the defensive line duo of [Cameron Wake](/wiki/Cameron_Wake \"Cameron Wake\") and [Olivier Vernon](/wiki/Olivier_Vernon \"Olivier Vernon\"), both recording 1\\.5 sacks each in the previous week against the Packers. In addition, the Dolphins were ranked second in the league in sacks on third and fourth downs with 10\\. However, the Bears' receivers posed a size threat to the Miami secondary, though Miami was ranked third in yards per pass attempt allowed with 6\\.09, one of only eight teams allowing less than seven yards in 2014\\. The Dolphins also allowed only 3\\.8 yards per carry and yards allowed per play with 4\\.7 yards. On defense, the Bears would have to prepare for a [Ryan Tannehill](/wiki/Ryan_Tannehill \"Ryan Tannehill\")\\-led zone\\-read option offense, which has an average drive length of 3:08, third\\-fastest in the league. However, Tannehill could make mistakes, as he had thrown 35 interceptions in 37 career starts. The Dolphins also had the second\\-fewest completions of at least 20 yards with 11\\. The Bears would also have to watch the run game, which ranked third in the NFL with 4\\.97 yards per carry. Entering the game, the Bears' defense was tied for the fourth\\-most sacks (15\\), third\\-most interceptions (eight), and third in points recorded off turnovers (49\\).{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/17/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-dolphins/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Dolphins\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=October 17, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 25, 2014}} The Bears were the favorite by \\-3\\.{{cite web\\|last\\=Wilkening\\|first\\=Mike\\|url\\=http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\\-10\\-16/dolphins\\-vs\\-bears\\-line\\-pick\\-spread\\-betting\\-odds\\-prediction\\-vegas\\-week\\-7\\-nfl\\|title\\=Dolphins vs. Bears betting preview and pick – Favored Chicago hasn't delivered at home\\|work\\=\\[\\[Sporting News]]\\|date\\=October 16, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 25, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=October 26, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026044608/http://linemakers.sportingnews.com/nfl/2014\\-10\\-16/dolphins\\-vs\\-bears\\-line\\-pick\\-spread\\-betting\\-odds\\-prediction\\-vegas\\-week\\-7\\-nfl\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} [Terrance Mitchell](/wiki/Terrance_Mitchell \"Terrance Mitchell\"), Ahmad Dixon, Chris Conte, Lance Briggs, Jon Bostic, Charles Leno, and Trevor Scott were scratches for the game,{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Dolphins/c20bb76c\\-8ea5\\-43a0\\-b75f\\-cc036f5c0141\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Dolphins\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 19, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021160836/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Dolphins/c20bb76c\\-8ea5\\-43a0\\-b75f\\-cc036f5c0141\\|archive\\-date\\=October 21, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} while Jermon Bushrod, Brandon Marshall, Robbie Gould, Ryan Mundy and Jeremiah Ratliff were team captains.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Kickoff\\-Countdown\\-Bears\\-Dolphins/2cdacebd\\-1163\\-4191\\-bf88\\-9fa180148032\\|title\\=Kickoff Countdown: Bears\\-Dolphins\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 19, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=October 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020134623/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Kickoff\\-Countdown\\-Bears\\-Dolphins/2cdacebd\\-1163\\-4191\\-bf88\\-9fa180148032\\|archive\\-date\\=October 20, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"The Dolphins won the toss, and elected to receive. On the first play from scrimmage, Tannehill was sacked by Ratliff for a loss of five yards; Ratliff would finish the game with a career\\-high 3\\.5 sacks. After both teams punted on their first drives, the Dolphins scored first on Tannehill's 13\\-yard touchdown pass to [Charles Clay](/wiki/Charles_Clay_%28American_football%29 \"Charles Clay (American football)\"). On the Bears' next drive, Cutler fumbled on his own 38\\-yard line, but [Ka'Deem Carey](/wiki/Ka%27Deem_Carey \"Ka'Deem Carey\") recovered the ball; the Bears would punt three plays later. Miami's eventual drive lasted into the second quarter, but ended with [Caleb Sturgis](/wiki/Caleb_Sturgis \"Caleb Sturgis\") missing a 50\\-yard field goal wide right. The Bears would reach the Dolphins' 37\\-yard line, but Cutler's pass for Martellus Bennett was intercepted by [Reshad Jones](/wiki/Reshad_Jones \"Reshad Jones\"), who returned the pick to the Bears' 29\\-yard line, and was stripped by Brandon Marshall, [Koa Misi](/wiki/Koa_Misi \"Koa Misi\") recovering at the 23\\-yard line. The fumble was subsequently challenged, but was upheld. Miami would drive to the Bears' eight\\-yard line, and two plays later, Tannehill threw a ten\\-yard touchdown pass to [Mike Wallace](/wiki/Mike_Wallace_%28American_football%29 \"Mike Wallace (American football)\"). Both teams would exchange punts at the end of the half, Miami leading 14–0\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554270\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Miami Dolphins vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 8, 2014}} On their first drive of the second half, the Bears scored their first points of the game with Cutler's ten\\-yard touchdown pass to Matt Forte, though the Dolphins retaliated on their next possession with [Lamar Miller](/wiki/Lamar_Miller \"Lamar Miller\")'s two\\-yard touchdown run. The Bears' drive lasted into the fourth quarter, but ended at their own 24\\-yard line when Wake strip\\-sacked Cutler, recovering it at Chicago's 16\\. The Dolphins would go three\\-and\\-out on the drive, resorting to Sturgis' 33\\-yard field goal. On the Bears' next drive, Cutler threw a pass to [Dante Rosario](/wiki/Dante_Rosario \"Dante Rosario\"), who fumbled after being stripped by [Cortland Finnegan](/wiki/Cortland_Finnegan \"Cortland Finnegan\"), [Randy Starks](/wiki/Randy_Starks \"Randy Starks\") recovering at the Bears' 35\\-yard line. However, the Dolphins failed to take advantage of the takeaway, Sturgis' 37\\-yard field goal being blocked by Lamarr Houston.{{cite web\\|last\\=Neveau\\|first\\=James\\|url\\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/sports/Dolphins\\-Bears\\-Bostic\\-Cutler\\-Tannehill\\-Marshall\\-279707332\\.html\\|title\\=Bears Look Listless in 27\\-14 Loss to Dolphins\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WMAQ\\-TV]]\\|date\\=October 19, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 11, 2014}} Starting from their own 27, the Bears reached the Dolphins' 44, and a defensive pass interference penalty on [Jason Taylor](/wiki/Jason_Taylor_%28American_football%29 \"Jason Taylor (American football)\") brought the Bears to the five\\-yard line. Three plays later, Forte scored on a one\\-yard run. The Dolphins would score on their next drive via Miller's four\\-yard run, but was nullified by holding penalty on Clay; Sturgis would kick a 19\\-yard field goal to make the score 27–14\\. Chicago's final drive reached Miami's 15\\-yard line, but the offense failed to gain ground, Cutler first throwing an incomplete pass, then fumbling but recovering, and finally throwing two more incomplete passes. Tannehill would kneel twice to end the game.",
"The Bears fell to 0–4 in games where Cutler throws an interception.{{cite news\\|last\\=Duarte\\|first\\=Michael\\|url\\=http://www.latintimes.com/dolphins\\-vs\\-bears\\-27\\-14\\-recap\\-watch\\-ryan\\-tannehill\\-do\\-his\\-best\\-impression\\-running\\-back\\-270059\\|title\\=Dolphins Vs. Bears (27\\-14\\) Recap: Watch Ryan Tannehill Do His Best Impression Of A Running Back \\[VIDEO]\\|newspaper\\=Latin Times\\|date\\=October 19, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 8, 2014}} After the game, in the Bears' locker room, there were reports of shouting and players being pulled out of the room, with Marshall calling out Cutler, and Kyle Long criticizing the fans. Former Bears linebacker [Blake Costanzo](/wiki/Blake_Costanzo \"Blake Costanzo\") was also critical, stating Marc Trestman had \"made the Bears soft\".{{cite magazine\\|url\\=https://www.si.com/nfl/2014/10/19/chicago\\-bears\\-locker\\-room\\-loss\\-dolphins\\|title\\=Reports: Loud yelling, screaming in Bears locker room after loss\\|magazine\\=\\[\\[Sports Illustrated]]\\|date\\=October 19, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014}} In an interview, Gould stated, \"Everyone's trying to make this a story out of something that really wasn't that big of a deal. Obviously everyone's frustrated. Everyone wants to win. Our fans want to win. Coaches want to win. The players want to win. And everyone's obviously frustrated.\"{{cite news\\|last\\=Rosenbloom\\|first\\=Steve\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\\-robbie\\-gould\\-brandon\\-marshall\\-rant\\-20141020\\-story.html\\|title\\=Robbie Gould downplays Brandon Marshall rant\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=October 20, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014}}",
"#### Week 8: at New England Patriots",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Eight: Chicago Bears at New England Patriots – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=October 26\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=1:00 p.m. EDT/12:00 p.m. CDT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=7\\|R3\\=8\\|R4\\=8\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\='''Patriots'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=7\\|H2\\=31\\|H3\\=7\\|H4\\=6\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[Gillette Stadium]], \\[\\[Foxborough, Massachusetts]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=68,756\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|54\\|F\\|C}}, cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=Brad Allen\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=Fox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Sam Rosen (sportscaster)\\|Sam Rosen]], John Lynch and Pam Oliver\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014102605/2014/REG8/bears@patriots Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56282/NE\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – \\[\\[Rob Gronkowski]] 6 yard pass from \\[\\[Tom Brady]], \\[\\[Stephen Gostkowski]] XP good, 9:41 (NE 7–0\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 55 yards, 2:22'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – Stephen Gostkowski 23 yard field goal, 14:57 (NE 10–0\\). '''Drive: 17 plays, 68 yards, 14:57'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – \\[\\[Tim Wright (American football)\\|Tim Wright]] 1 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 8:09 (NE 17–0\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 76 yards, 5:27'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]] 25 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 5:32 (NE 17–7\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 77 yards, 2:37'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – Rob Gronkowski 2 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 1:52 (NE 24–7\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 80 yards, 3:40'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – \\[\\[Brandon LaFell]] 9 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 1:07 (NE 31–7\\). '''Drive: 1 plays, 9 yards, 0:04'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – \\[\\[Rob Ninkovich]] 15 yard fumble return, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 0:55 (NE 38–7\\).\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – Rob Gronkowski 46 yard pass from Tom Brady, Stephen Gostkowski XP good, 12:42 (NE 45–7\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 80 yards, 2:18'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]] 20 yard from Jay Cutler, Jay Cutler to Dante Rosario for two\\-point conversion, 0:54 (NE 45–15\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 80 yards, 3:16'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – Stephen Gostkowski 27 yard field goal, 9:59 (NE 48–15\\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 71 yards, 5:55'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 10 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Jay Cutler to Matt Forte for two\\-point conversion, 5:16 (NE 48–23\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 80 yards, 4:43'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*NE – Stephen Gostkowski 39 yard field goal, 2:09 (NE 51–23\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 21 yards, 3:07''' \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 20/30, 227 yards, 3 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NE – \\[\\[Tom Brady]], 30/35, 354 yards, 5 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 19 carries, 114 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NE – \\[\\[Jonas Gray]], 17 plays, 86 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]], 6 receptions, 95 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NE – \\[\\[Brandon LaFell]], 11 receptions, 124 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[D. J. Williams (linebacker)\\|D. J. Williams]], 2 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NE – \\[\\[Jamie Collins (American football)\\|Jamie Collins]], 5 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\nThe Bears visited [Gillette Stadium](/wiki/Gillette_Stadium \"Gillette Stadium\") in week eight to take on the [New England Patriots](/wiki/2014_New_England_Patriots_season \"2014 New England Patriots season\"), the first game in Foxborough for the Bears since 2006, which had ended in a 17–13 loss.{{cite web\\|last1\\=Reiss\\|first1\\=Dan\\|last2\\=Wright\\|first2\\=Michael C.\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/boston/new\\-england\\-patriots/post/\\_/id/4770734/bears\\-at\\-patriots\\-preview\\|title\\=Bears vs. Patriots preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=October 24, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 12, 2014}} Chicago had never won in Foxborough, where the Patriots had won twelve consecutive games.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/preview?gameId\\=400554272\\|title\\=Bears\\-Patriots Preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014}} The Bears trailed the all\\-time series 3–8 entering the series, and lost the most recent meeting at home in 2010, 36–7\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=chi\\&tm2\\=nwe\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs New England Patriots\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014}} A target the Bears could attack was the Patriots' run defense, which had allowed a season\\-high 218 rushing yards against the Jets, a combined 398 in losses to the [Kansas City Chiefs](/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs \"Kansas City Chiefs\") and Dolphins, and was ranked 24th in the league by allowing 126\\.3 rushing yards per game on 28\\.7 attempts, by utilizing Matt Forte, the fifth\\-leading rusher in the NFL with 448 yards and league\\-leading 52 receptions for 436 yards. In addition, New England did not have defenders [Jerod Mayo](/wiki/Jerod_Mayo \"Jerod Mayo\") and [Chandler Jones](/wiki/Chandler_Jones \"Chandler Jones\"), and had allowed fifteen drives lasting at least ten plays in 2014, all but one culminating in a score. However, the Patriots' pass defense was more stingy, forcing quarterbacks to throw three interceptions on passes longer than 21 yards with a 37\\.1 passer rating, the sixth\\-worst in the league. On defense, the Bears had to contain [Tom Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady \"Tom Brady\"), who had thrown for 964 yards, six touchdowns and three interceptions in three games against the Bears. Likewise, tight end [Rob Gronkowski](/wiki/Rob_Gronkowski \"Rob Gronkowski\") was among the targets of Brady, whose 42 of 68 targeted throws were to tight ends, seventh\\-most in the NFL. 71 percent of Gronkowski's catches had resulted in first downs, though he had caught only 31 of his 56 targets, and while Brady had never completed less than 60 percent of passes in his career, Miami and New York forced him to complete less than 55 percent. While the Bears could blitz Brady, they would have to prepare for the Patriots' no\\-huddle offense and Brady's quickie release. However, the Patriots' rushing offense was ranked only 26th in yards per carry with 3\\.75, though they had recorded 4\\.76 yards per first down rush.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/10/24/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-patriots/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Patriots\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=October 24, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014}} Like in week two, Mike Ditka was the lone ESPN analyst to predict a Bears victory.{{cite news\\|last\\=Just\\|first\\=David\\|url\\=http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/inside\\-the\\-bears/mike\\-ditka\\-is\\-lone\\-espn\\-analyst\\-to\\-pick\\-bears\\-over\\-patriots/\\|title\\=Mike Ditka is lone ESPN analyst to pick Bears over Patriots\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Sun\\-Times]]\\|date\\=October 24, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129025542/http://voices.suntimes.com/sports/inside\\-the\\-bears/mike\\-ditka\\-is\\-lone\\-espn\\-analyst\\-to\\-pick\\-bears\\-over\\-patriots/\\|archive\\-date\\=2014\\-11\\-29\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} Terrance Mitchell, Danny McCray, Ahmad Dixon, Lance Briggs, Jon Bostic, Jordan Mills, and Charles Leno were inactive for the game.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Patriots/ce3671d9\\-f5bd\\-41ac\\-8308\\-2399a4abff0a\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Patriots\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 18, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103115011/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Patriots/ce3671d9\\-f5bd\\-41ac\\-8308\\-2399a4abff0a\\|archive\\-date\\=November 3, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"After winning the coin toss, New England kicked off. The Bears punted on their first drive, while the Patriots scored on their first possession with Brady's six\\-yard touchdown pass to Gronkowski. The Bears would punt on their next two drives, while the Patriots scored on their following drives in the second quarter, with [Stephen Gostkowski](/wiki/Stephen_Gostkowski \"Stephen Gostkowski\")'s 23\\-yard field goal and Brady's one\\-yard touchdown pass to [Tim Wright](/wiki/Tim_Wright_%28American_football%29 \"Tim Wright (American football)\"). On the Bears' ensuing possession, Jay Cutler's pass for Martellus Bennett was intercepted by [Devin McCourty](/wiki/Devin_McCourty \"Devin McCourty\"), though it would be nullified by [Brandon Browner](/wiki/Brandon_Browner \"Brandon Browner\")'s illegal contact penalty.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554272\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Chicago Bears vs. New England Patriots – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 19, 2014}} The Patriots would score three times in 57 seconds: with 1:52 left in the second quarter, Brady threw a two\\-yard touchdown pass to Gronkowski;{{cite news\\|last\\=Pepin\\|first\\=Matt\\|url\\=https://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/2014/10/26/patriots\\-score\\-three\\-times\\-minute\\-during\\-second\\-quarter\\-bears/VLtRgeEXf1Xz73FSbmqxzI/story.html\\|title\\=Patriots score three times in 57 seconds during second quarter vs. Bears\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Boston Globe]]\\|date\\=October 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 19, 2014}} the Bears punted on the next drive, the Patriots returning it 42 yards to the Bears' 19\\-yard line, and a holding penalty on Trevor Scott moved the ball to the nine, where Brady threw a touchdown pass to [Brandon LaFell](/wiki/Brandon_LaFell \"Brandon LaFell\") with 1:07 remaining. On the Bears' next play, Cutler fumbled, and [Rob Ninkovich](/wiki/Rob_Ninkovich \"Rob Ninkovich\") recovered, scoring on the 15\\-yard return with 55 seconds left in the half. The Bears' final drive of the half ended with Cutler's pass for Brandon Marshall being intercepted by [Darrelle Revis](/wiki/Darrelle_Revis \"Darrelle Revis\") at the Patriots' five\\-yard line. On New England's first drive of the second half, they extended the lead to 45–7 with Brady's 46\\-yard touchdown pass to Gronkowski. After the Bears failed to convert on 4th\\-and\\-10 from the Patriots' 26, the Patriots were forced to punt for the first and only time in the game. The Bears would score on the following possession with Cutler's 20\\-yard touchdown pass to Bennett, followed by a two\\-point conversion pass to Dante Rosario being completed. The Patriots' next drive would last into the fourth quarter, and ended with Gostkowski's 27\\-yard field goal. Chicago would then score on their following drive with Cutler's ten\\-yard touchdown pass to Alshon Jeffery, followed by Cutler's two\\-point conversion pass to Matt Forte, decreasing the deficit to 25 points. Patriots' backup quarterback [Jimmy Garoppolo](/wiki/Jimmy_Garoppolo \"Jimmy Garoppolo\") substituted for Brady on their next drive, and five plays later, Lamarr Houston sacked Garoppolo, his first sack of the year. However, when he was celebrating, Houston tore his ACL, and would be out for the rest of the season.{{cite web\\|last\\=Rosenthal\\|first\\=Gregg\\|url\\=https://www.nfl.com/news/bears\\-lamarr\\-houston\\-tears\\-acl\\-while\\-celebrating\\-0ap3000000418019\\|title\\=Bears' Lamarr Houston tears ACL while celebrating\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[National Football League]]\\|date\\=October 27, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 19, 2014}} Gostkowski would kick a 39\\-yard field goal to make the score 51–23\\. Jimmy Clausen replaced Cutler on the Bears' last drive, ending with the Bears failing to convert on 4th down. Garoppolo would kneel once to end the game.",
"Until the week ten game against the Packers, the 38 points allowed in the first half were the most in team history.",
"#### Week 9: Bye week",
"The Bears entered the bye week with a 3–5 record, tied with the [Vikings](/wiki/2014_Minnesota_Vikings_season \"2014 Minnesota Vikings season\") for last in the NFC North, two games behind the Packers, and four behind the [Detroit Lions](/wiki/2014_Detroit_Lions_season \"2014 Detroit Lions season\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Kaberon\\|first\\=Eli\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Notes\\-From\\-The\\-North\\-Week\\-8/41b3f64d\\-dde8\\-411f\\-8a15\\-b19d226a39dd\\|title\\=Notes From The North: Week 8\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 27, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 22, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105210106/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Notes\\-From\\-The\\-North\\-Week\\-8/41b3f64d\\-dde8\\-411f\\-8a15\\-b19d226a39dd\\|archive\\-date\\=November 5, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} The last time the Bears had been 3–5, yet made the playoffs was in [1979](/wiki/1979_Chicago_Bears_season \"1979 Chicago Bears season\"), and had also performed the feat in [1977](/wiki/1977_Chicago_Bears_season \"1977 Chicago Bears season\"), while the last time that Chicago had made the playoffs after having a record of two games below .500 occurred in [2005](/wiki/2005_Chicago_Bears_season \"2005 Chicago Bears season\"), when the team was 1–3, but finished the regular season 11–5\\.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mullin\\|first\\=John\\|url\\=http://www.csnchicago.com/bears/bears\\-face\\-deepening\\-nightmare\\-after\\-humiliation\\-patriots\\|title\\=Bears face deepening nightmare after humiliation by Patriots\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Comcast SportsNet Chicago]]\\|date\\=October 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 22, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030021154/http://www.csnchicago.com/bears/bears\\-face\\-deepening\\-nightmare\\-after\\-humiliation\\-patriots\\|archive\\-date\\=2014\\-10\\-30\\|url\\-status\\=dead}}",
"On offense, the Bears were tied for seventh in the league in passes per game with 37\\.4 and 27th in rushing attempts per game with 23\\.5\\. The offense had also regressed in points scored per game; in [2013](/wiki/2013_Chicago_Bears_season \"2013 Chicago Bears season\"), the team averaged 27\\.8 points, while after eight games in 2014, had scored only 22\\.4,{{cite web\\|last\\=Kaberon\\|first\\=Eli\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Trestman\\-seeks\\-improvement/d2d269ed\\-ce3d\\-4b47\\-8e50\\-39d0504936cb\\|title\\=Trestman seeks improvement\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 30, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 22, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031213645/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Trestman\\-seeks\\-improvement/d2d269ed\\-ce3d\\-4b47\\-8e50\\-39d0504936cb\\|archive\\-date\\=October 31, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} despite having all 11 starters from 2013 returning. In their first three games, the Bears had a \\+4 turnover margin with eight turnovers forced and four turnovers allowed, but in their last five games, the margin was \\-7 with four takeaways and 11 giveaways, including \\-5 in the previous two games with no forced turnovers and five allowed turnovers; this marked the first time that the Bears had failed to force a turnover in consecutive games since [2010](/wiki/2010_Chicago_Bears_season \"2010 Chicago Bears season\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Emery\\-Bears\\-will\\-not\\-quit\\-on\\-season/6f5ae28e\\-7efb\\-43c0\\-8a0f\\-437d4032f334\\|title\\=Emery: Bears will not quit on season\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 27, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 22, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105211713/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Emery\\-Bears\\-will\\-not\\-quit\\-on\\-season/6f5ae28e\\-7efb\\-43c0\\-8a0f\\-437d4032f334\\|archive\\-date\\=November 5, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} Despite these struggles, the Bears' offense had the league's fifth\\-best red zone scoring percentage with 88\\.5\\.{{cite web\\|last\\=Kaberon\\|first\\=Eli\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/By\\-The\\-Numbers\\-Bye\\-Week/1e18434e\\-7e6c\\-4e4b\\-8ad6\\-ede4f0edbcbc\\|title\\=By The Numbers: Bye Week\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=October 30, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 22, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108155127/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/By\\-The\\-Numbers\\-Bye\\-Week/1e18434e\\-7e6c\\-4e4b\\-8ad6\\-ede4f0edbcbc\\|archive\\-date\\=November 8, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"#### Week 10: at Green Bay Packers",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Ten: Chicago Bears at Green Bay Packers – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=November 9\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=7:30 p.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=0\\|R3\\=7\\|R4\\=7\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\='''Packers'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=14\\|H2\\=28\\|H3\\=6\\|H4\\=7\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[Lambeau Field]], \\[\\[Green Bay, Wisconsin]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=78,292\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|34\\|F\\|C}}, mostly cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Craig Wrolstad]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=NBC\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=Al Michaels, Cris Collinsworth and Michele Tafoya\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014110910/2014/REG10/bears@packers Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56315/GB\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Brandon Bostick]] 1 yard pass from \\[\\[Aaron Rodgers]], \\[\\[Mason Crosby]] XP good, 6:13 (GB 7–0\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 71 yards, 5:44'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Andrew Quarless]] 4 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 3:52 (GB 14–0\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 23 yards, 4:01'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Jordy Nelson]] 73 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 14:48 (GB 21–0\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 72 yards, 0:34'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – Jordy Nelson 40 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 12:09 (GB 28–0\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 54 yards, 1:30'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Eddie Lacy]] 56 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 4:48 (GB 35–0\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 95 yards, 3:10'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Randall Cobb (American football)\\|Randall Cobb]] 18 yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, Mason Crosby XP good, 0:14 (GB 42–0\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 32 yards, 0:48'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – Mason Crosby 20 yard field goal, 10:48 (GB 45–0\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 6 yards, 1:01'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Brandon Marshall]] 45 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 7:44 (GB 45–7\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 75 yards, 3:04'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – Mason Crosby 52 yard field goal, 5:27 (GB 48–7\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 46 yards, 2:17'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*GB – \\[\\[Casey Hayward]] 82 yard interception return, Mason Crosby XP good, 10:41 (GB 55–7\\).\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Chris Williams (wide receiver)\\|Chris Williams]] 101 yard kick return, Robbie Gould XP good, 10:27 (GB 55–14\\).\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 22/37, 272 yards, 1 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[Aaron Rodgers]], 18/27, 315 yards, 6 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 17 carries, 54 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[DuJuan Harris]], 8 carries, 52 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Brandon Marshall]], 8 receptions, 112 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[Jordy Nelson]], 6 receptions, 152 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Ryan Mundy]], 9 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* GB – \\[\\[Clay Matthews III]], 9 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\nThe Bears played the Packers for the second time in the season, this time on the road at [Lambeau Field](/wiki/Lambeau_Field \"Lambeau Field\"), where the Packers had won all three of their home games in 2014 with a league\\-high 37\\.0 points per game at home. The game was broadcast on *[NBC Sunday Night Football](/wiki/NBC_Sunday_Night_Football \"NBC Sunday Night Football\")*, the ninth consecutive year that a Bears\\-Packers was held in [prime time](/wiki/Prime_time \"Prime time\").{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.packers.com/news\\-and\\-events/article\\-infographic/article\\-1/Infographic\\-Packers\\-vs\\-Bears\\-game\\-preview/17ba31ec\\-70d5\\-4063\\-b759\\-8e6383594ad6\\|title\\=Infographic: Packers vs. Bears game preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[Green Bay Packers]]\\|date\\=November 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205030854/http://www.packers.com/news\\-and\\-events/article\\-infographic/article\\-1/Infographic\\-Packers\\-vs\\-Bears\\-game\\-preview/17ba31ec\\-70d5\\-4063\\-b759\\-8e6383594ad6\\|archive\\-date\\=December 5, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} Entering the game, Jay Cutler had struggled against the Packers, with a 67\\.0 passer rating, the lowest against any team. He also had thrown 13 touchdowns against 19 interceptions, and heading into the game, led the league in turnovers with 12, which led to 44 total points by opponents.{{cite web\\|last1\\=Demovsky\\|first1\\=Rob\\|last2\\=Wright\\|first2\\=Michael C.\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/green\\-bay\\-packers/post/\\_/id/14936/bears\\-vs\\-packers\\-preview\\|title\\=Bears vs. Packers preview\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=November 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} However, the Bears' rushing attack took on the Packers' worst\\-ranked run defense, which had allowed 153\\.5 yards per game on 32\\.1 rushing attempts. The offense had to avoid long\\-distance drives, as they were ranked 29th in the NFL in points scored outside the red zone with 31\\. On defense, the Bears' rushing defense faced a Green Bay rushing game that was one of ten teams in the NFL to average less than 100 yards per game with 97\\.5 yards on 24\\.3 attempt, which ranked 26th, ahead of the Bears by one spot. However, the Packers also averaged 4\\.02 yards per carry and 4\\.3 yards per carry on first down. The Bears' pass defense also had to face Aaron Rodgers, who ranked third in the league with 8\\.22 yards per pass. In addition, the team had to be wary in the event they attempted to blitz; Rodgers had the highest passer rating against the blitz with 130\\.71, along with eight touchdowns and one interception.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/07/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-packers\\-2/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Packers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=November 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} Over their previous five games, the Packers had scored an average of 33\\.6 points, while the Bears had allowed 32 average points in their last five games. The Packers were seven\\-point favorites, and the game's [over/under](/wiki/Over/under \"Over/under\") of 53\\.5 points is the highest total of week ten games.{{cite news\\|last\\=Riccobono\\|first\\=Anthony\\|url\\=http://www.ibtimes.com/green\\-bay\\-packers\\-vs\\-chicago\\-bears\\-prediction\\-betting\\-odds\\-preview\\-2014\\-week\\-10\\-game\\-1720695\\|title\\=Green Bay Packers Vs. Chicago Bears: Prediction, Betting Odds, Preview For 2014 Week 10 Game\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[International Business Times]]\\|date\\=November 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} Terrance Mitchell, Khaseem Greene, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, [Blake Annen](/wiki/Blake_Annen \"Blake Annen\"), David Bass, and [DeDe Lattimore](/wiki/DeDe_Lattimore \"DeDe Lattimore\") were the inactives for the game.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Packers/989714bf\\-bc0f\\-4ee8\\-88e7\\-d819d9b2f0bd\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Packers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 9, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113070306/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Packers/989714bf\\-bc0f\\-4ee8\\-88e7\\-d819d9b2f0bd\\|archive\\-date\\=November 13, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"The Bears won the coin toss, and received, but punted after their first drive. From their own 29\\-yard line, the Packers drove to the Bears' one, where Rodgers threw a one\\-yard touchdown pass to [Brandon Bostick](/wiki/Brandon_Bostick \"Brandon Bostick\"). On the second play of the Bears' next drive, Cutler was intercepted by [Micah Hyde](/wiki/Micah_Hyde_%28American_football%29 \"Micah Hyde (American football)\"), and the Packers converted the turnover into a Rodgers' four\\-yard touchdown pass to [Andrew Quarless](/wiki/Andrew_Quarless \"Andrew Quarless\"). After the Bears were forced to punt again, the Packers' drive (which lasted into the second quarter) ended with Rodgers throwing a 73\\-yard touchdown pass to Jordy Nelson, and scored again after the Bears punted for the fourth consecutive time, this time on Rodgers' 40\\-yard touchdown pass to Nelson. On Chicago's next possession, the offense reached the Packers' four\\-yard line, but on 4th down, Cutler's pass to Alshon Jeffery was incomplete, and from their own five\\-yard line, the Packers eventually scored on Rodgers' 56\\-yard touchdown pass to Eddie Lacy. Chicago's next drive again led to zero points, with Cutler being sacked on 4th down by [Morgan Burnett](/wiki/Morgan_Burnett \"Morgan Burnett\"). The Packers reclaimed the ball on their 43\\-yard line, but two plays later, reached the Bears' seven\\-yard line after Tim Jennings was flagged for pass interference of 53 yards. However, Randall Cobb fumbled after being stripped by Lance Briggs, Ryan Mundy recovering in the endzone. However, the Bears would give the ball back with Cutler being strip\\-sacked by [Julius Peppers](/wiki/Julius_Peppers \"Julius Peppers\") at the Bears' 37\\-yard line. The Packers would extend their lead to 42–0 with Rodgers throwing an 18\\-yard touchdown pass to Cobb. The Bears ended the first half with a kneel. In the third quarter, the Packers punted for the first time in the game, the ball being returned for no gain at the Bears' 30\\-yard line, but would be pushed back to the 15\\-yard line due to Teddy Williams' personal foul penalty. After the Bears went three\\-and\\-out,{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554403\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Chicago Bears vs. Green Bay Packers – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} Pat O'Donnell's punt was kicked by [Jarrett Boykin](/wiki/Jarrett_Boykin \"Jarrett Boykin\") and recovered by O'Donnell; the block was officially recorded as a fumble, and as a result, the Bears were considered to have turned the ball on downs.{{cite web\\|last\\=Breech\\|first\\=Josh\\|url\\=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\\-on\\-football/24793799/bears\\-line\\-up\\-to\\-punt\\-packers\\-kick\\-ball\\-instead\\|title\\=Bears line up to punt, Packers kick ball instead\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[CBSSports.com]]\\|date\\=November 9, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=November 10, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110072941/http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye\\-on\\-football/24793799/bears\\-line\\-up\\-to\\-punt\\-packers\\-kick\\-ball\\-instead\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} The Packers would score on Mason Crosby's 20\\-yard field goal. Despite a chance to tie the NFL record for most touchdown passes in a game,{{cite web\\|last\\=Gantt\\|first\\=Darin\\|url\\=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/11/09/packers\\-turn\\-to\\-matt\\-flynn\\-for\\-the\\-rest\\-of\\-this\\-beauty/\\|title\\=Packers turn to Matt Flynn for the rest of this beauty\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Profootballtalk.com]]\\|date\\=November 9, 2014}} Rodgers was pulled for the Packers' third drive of the quarter for [Matt Flynn](/wiki/Matt_Flynn_%28American_football%29 \"Matt Flynn (American football)\"). The Bears scored their first points of the game off Cutler's 45\\-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall. Crosby would kick another field goal, this time a 52\\-yarder, to make the score 48–7\\. After both teams exchanged punts, the Bears' drive, which went into the final quarter, reached the Packers' 18\\-yard line, but Cutler's pass for Matt Forte hit Kyle Long's head, and bounced into [Casey Hayward](/wiki/Casey_Hayward \"Casey Hayward\")'s hands, who scored on the 82\\-yard return.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.packers.com/media\\-center/videos/Casey\\-Haywards\\-82\\-yard\\-pick\\-six/c63f23e7\\-0250\\-49fb\\-82bf\\-836e8a4451ed\\|title\\=Casey Hayward's 82\\-yard pick\\-six\\|work\\=\\[\\[Green Bay Packers]]\\|date\\=November 9, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205013616/http://www.packers.com/media\\-center/videos/Casey\\-Haywards\\-82\\-yard\\-pick\\-six/c63f23e7\\-0250\\-49fb\\-82bf\\-836e8a4451ed\\|archive\\-date\\=December 5, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} On the ensuing kickoff, with blocking along the Bears' sideline,{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\\-Williams\\-101\\-yard\\-kick\\-return/1227d00b\\-4ac0\\-4601\\-a162\\-7e31c8a27b70\\|title\\=NFLN: Williams 101\\-yard kick return\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 9, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112223949/http://www.chicagobears.com/multimedia/videos/NFLN\\-Williams\\-101\\-yard\\-kick\\-return/1227d00b\\-4ac0\\-4601\\-a162\\-7e31c8a27b70\\|archive\\-date\\=November 12, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} [Chris Williams](/wiki/Chris_Williams_%28wide_receiver%29 \"Chris Williams (wide receiver)\") scored on the 101\\-yard return to make the score 55–14\\. After the Packers punted again, Jimmy Clausen replaced Cutler for the Bears' final drive, but was sacked by [Sam Barrington](/wiki/Sam_Barrington \"Sam Barrington\") on 4th down; the Packers would run out the clock to end the game.",
"The 42 points allowed in the first half was a franchise record,{{cite news\\|last\\=Armas\\|first\\=Genaro C.\\|url\\=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/10/aaron\\-rodgers\\-packers\\-bears\\-record\\-half\\_n\\_6130674\\.html\\|title\\=Aaron Rodgers Throws 6 TD Passes In 1st Half As Packers Crush Bears 55\\-14\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Huffington Post]]\\|date\\=November 10, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} and the six touchdown passes allowed in the half was an NFL record. By allowing 51 and 55 points against the Patriots and Packers, respectively, the Bears became the first team since the 1923 [Rochester Jeffersons](/wiki/1923_Rochester_Jeffersons_season \"1923 Rochester Jeffersons season\") to allow at least 50 points in two consecutive games.{{cite web\\|last\\=Neveau\\|first\\=James\\|url\\=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Packers\\-Bears\\-Sunday\\-Night\\-Lambeau\\-Field\\-Cutler\\-Rodgers\\-282090151\\.html\\|title\\=Packers Bludgeon Bears 55\\-14 in Embarrassing Rout\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WMAQ\\-TV]]\\|date\\=November 10, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 10, 2014}}",
"#### Week 11: vs. Minnesota Vikings",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Eleven: Minnesota Vikings at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=November 16\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:00 p.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\=Vikings\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=10\\|R2\\=0\\|R3\\=0\\|R4\\=3\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\='''Bears'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=0\\|H2\\=14\\|H3\\=0\\|H4\\=7\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=61,792\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|31\\|F\\|C}}, cloudy, flurries\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Ron Torbert]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=CBS\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Kevin Harlan]], \\[\\[Rich Gannon]] and \\[\\[Stacey Dales]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014111601/2014/REG11/vikings@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56319/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIN – \\[\\[Blair Walsh]] 50 yard field goal, 11:21 (MIN 3–0\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 39 yards, 3:39'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIN – \\[\\[Rhett Ellison]] 7 yard pass from \\[\\[Teddy Bridgewater]], Blair Walsh XP good, 3:16 (MIN 10–0\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 63 yards, 2:46'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 27 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 13:06 (MIN 10–7\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 81 yards, 5:10'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Brandon Marshall]] 44 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 2:49 (CHI 14–10\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 73 yards, 1:47'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*No scoring\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Brandon Marshall 4 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 8:51 (CHI 21–10\\). '''Drive: 16 plays, 72 yards, 7:35'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIN – Blair Walsh 26 yard field goal, 4:04 (CHI 21–13\\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 52 yards, 4:47'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIN – \\[\\[Teddy Bridgewater]], 18/28, 158 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 31/43, 330 yards, 3 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIN – \\[\\[Andrew Sendejo]], 1 carry, 48 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 26 carries, 117 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIN – \\[\\[Charles Johnson (wide receiver, born 1989\\)\\|Charles Johnson]], 6 receptions, 87 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]], 11 receptions, 135 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIN – \\[\\[Chad Greenway]], 9 tackles \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Demontre Hurst]], 6 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t[thumb\\|Jared Allen (center) giving a pre\\-game speech prior to week eleven](/wiki/File:Jared_Allen_speech.jpg \"Jared Allen speech.jpg\")\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChicago hosted the 4–5 Vikings in week eleven, the Vikings leading the [all\\-time rivalry](/wiki/Bears-Vikings_rivalry \"Bears-Vikings rivalry\") 53–51–4,{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=min\\&tm2\\=chi\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=Boxscore finder: Minnesota Vikings vs Chicago Bears\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} though the Bears had won six consecutive games at Soldier Field between the two teams, dating back to [2007](/wiki/2007_Chicago_Bears_season \"2007 Chicago Bears season\"). Jeff Joniak stated the Bears must \"play smart\"; for instance, on offense, the Bears would have to watch for pressure from a blitz\\-happy [Mike Zimmer](/wiki/Mike_Zimmer \"Mike Zimmer\")\\-led defense, which ranked third in the league in sacks with 30, 20 of which were in their last four games, and was also ranked third in the NFL in hurries with 60, and forced offenses to commit a league\\-leading 13 holding penalties. The pass rush would try to attack Jay Cutler, who was tied for the most turnovers with 15, and was sacked 23 times. On first down, the Vikings blitzed 32 percent of the time, and 38 percent on third down. The Vikings also ranked fourth against the pass, allowing 213\\.6 yards per game. The Vikings had also improved on points allowed, allowing 18\\.3 points in their last four games after permitting 30\\.0 in the previous four. However, the Vikings' rush defense was allowing 5 yards per carry on first down. Defensively, the Bears were struggling, allowing a league\\-most 30\\.8 points per game while ranking 28th against the pass, allowing 268\\.6 yards per game. Despite Vikings' star running back [Adrian Peterson](/wiki/Adrian_Peterson \"Adrian Peterson\") being suspended for the game,{{cite web\\|last\\=Bechtold\\|first\\=Tyler\\|url\\=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/vikings\\-bears\\-preview\\-214710575\\-\\-nfl.html\\|title\\=Vikings\\-Bears Preview\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Yahoo! Sports]]\\|date\\=November 12, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=December 5, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205182030/http://sports.yahoo.com/news/vikings\\-bears\\-preview\\-214710575\\-\\-nfl.html\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} [Matt Asiata](/wiki/Matt_Asiata \"Matt Asiata\") and [Jerick McKinnon](/wiki/Jerick_McKinnon \"Jerick McKinnon\") had seven runs of 20 yards or more, and the latter averaged 5\\.0 yards per carry. In the passing game, the Vikings struggled without tight end [Kyle Rudolph](/wiki/Kyle_Rudolph \"Kyle Rudolph\"), but he made his return in week eleven. Rookie quarterback [Teddy Bridgewater](/wiki/Teddy_Bridgewater \"Teddy Bridgewater\") was average in terms of accuracy and arm strength, having completed 53\\.9 percent of his passes, including 66 percent on third down, and while [Greg Jennings](/wiki/Greg_Jennings \"Greg Jennings\") had caught 60 percent of targets, [Cordarrelle Patterson](/wiki/Cordarrelle_Patterson \"Cordarrelle Patterson\") only caught 46 percent. The Vikings' third down offense also struggled without Rudolph and Peterson, with a 36\\.5 conversion percentage, and at the line, [Matt Kalil](/wiki/Matt_Kalil \"Matt Kalil\") had allowed a league\\-high 12 sacks. Both teams had struggled in moving the ball downfield, with the Bears and Vikings having 32 and 33 drives start inside their own 20\\-yard lines, respectively, and the latter being the second\\-most in the NFL. On such drives, Chicago had a touchdown, 14 points, and six turnovers, while Minnesota had no touchdowns, 6 points, and four turnovers.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/14/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-vikings/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Vikings\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=November 14, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} Josh Morgan, Terrance Mitchell, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, Jordan Mills, Trevor Scott, and Blake Annen were the Bears' inactive players.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Vikings/6a107f28\\-7c9d\\-479f\\-b173\\-d7f29d81b172\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Vikings\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 16, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119053914/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Vikings/6a107f28\\-7c9d\\-479f\\-b173\\-d7f29d81b172\\|archive\\-date\\=November 19, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}\nThe Bears won the toss, and elected to defer. On their opening drive, the Vikings scored on [Blair Walsh](/wiki/Blair_Walsh \"Blair Walsh\")'s 50\\-yard field goal. During the Bears' next drive, a play was whistled dead because Minnesota wanted to challenge whether a previous play was a fumble, and when Cutler voiced his complaints to the referees, he was penalized 15 yards for unsportsmanlike conduct;{{cite web\\|last\\=Fogel\\|first\\=Anna\\|url\\=http://nesn.com/2014/11/jay\\-cutler\\-freaks\\-out\\-on\\-refs\\-gets\\-flagged\\-for\\-yelling\\-at\\-them\\-gif/\\|title\\=Jay Cutler Freaks Out On Refs, Gets Flagged For Yelling At Them (GIF)\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[New England Sports Network]]\\|date\\=November 16, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 3, 2014}} the ruling eventually stood, costing the Vikings their first timeout. The Bears later attempted to tie the score with Robbie Gould's 47\\-yard field goal, but missed the kick wide right.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-readReact/Read\\-and\\-React\\-Bears\\-Vikings/7d41ad8f\\-9c1d\\-408b\\-a8e8\\-6432f1a4dd1c\\|title\\=Read and React: Bears\\-Vikings\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 16, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 1, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204083442/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-readReact/Read\\-and\\-React\\-Bears\\-Vikings/7d41ad8f\\-9c1d\\-408b\\-a8e8\\-6432f1a4dd1c\\|archive\\-date\\=December 4, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} Later in the quarter, the Vikings extended their lead by ten with Bridgewater's seven\\-yard touchdown pass to [Rhett Ellison](/wiki/Rhett_Ellison \"Rhett Ellison\").{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554340\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Minnesota Vikings vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 1, 2014}} The Bears' next drive lasted into the second quarter, and ended on the fourth play of the quarter with Cutler's 27\\-yard touchdown pass to Alshon Jeffery. After both teams exchanged punts, the Bears were pinned on their own 27\\-yard line after a 20\\-yard illegal block penalty on [Christian Jones](/wiki/Christian_Jones_%28American_football%29 \"Christian Jones (American football)\"). However, the Bears were able to reach the Vikings' 44\\-yard line, where Cutler threw a touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall, who outjumped Robinson for the catch; the score gave the Bears the 14–10 lead, the first time the Bears had led since week six against the Falcons, snapping a 207\\-minute, 11 second lead\\-less streak. After the Vikings punted again, the Bears' final possession of the first half ended after three plays: with 15 seconds remaining, the Bears called their final timeout of the half, and on the next play, Cutler was intercepted by [Xavier Rhodes](/wiki/Xavier_Rhodes \"Xavier Rhodes\") on a long pass to Jeffery. Bridgewater kneeled once to end the half. In the second half, the Bears started on their own 17\\-yard line, but reached the Vikings' one\\-yard line on 12 plays. On 4th and 1, Cutler attempted a [quarterback sweep](/wiki/Sweep_%28American_football%29%23QB_sweep \"Sweep (American football)#QB sweep\"), but was tackled for no gain by [Tom Johnson](/wiki/Tom_Johnson_%28defensive_tackle%2C_born_1984%29 \"Tom Johnson (defensive tackle, born 1984)\"). After the Vikings punted, the Bears' following drive was ended when Cutler, attempting to avoid pressure from Johnson, had his pass for Martellus Bennett intercepted by [Harrison Smith](/wiki/Harrison_Smith \"Harrison Smith\"), who returned the pick 52 yards to the Chicago 27\\-yard line. However, the Vikings failed to capitalize on the takeaway, and at the Bears' 20\\-yard line, Walsh's field goal sailed wide right. The Bears' responding drive went into the final quarter, and ended with Cutler's four\\-yard touchdown pass to Marshall, killing 7:35 on the game clock on the possession. Minnesota attempted to respond with a scoring drive, and drew within eight points with Walsh's 26\\-yard field goal. On Chicago's next drive, the offense ran exclusively running plays for Matt Forte, which forced the Vikings to use all three of their timeouts, and the Bears would later be forced to punt, ending a drive that burned 2:01 off the clock. On the Vikings' first play of their final drive, Bridgewater was sacked by Willie Young for a five\\-yard loss, though the clock was stopped by the [two\\-minute warning](/wiki/Two-minute_warning \"Two-minute warning\"). The Vikings then recorded two consecutive first downs on Bridgewater's passes of 21 and 14 yards to [Charles Johnson](/wiki/Charles_Johnson_%28wide_receiver%2C_born_1989%29 \"Charles Johnson (wide receiver, born 1989)\") and McKinnon, respectively, and the next pass to Johnson resulted in a seven\\-yard gain to the Bears' 36\\-yard line. With less than a minute remaining, Bridgewater attempted to throw a pass to Johnson in the endzone, but was intercepted by Ryan Mundy. Cutler kneeled once to seal the 21–13 victory.",
"The win was the first at Soldier Field for the Bears of the 2014 season, and the first in eleven months, dating back to the October 9, 2013 game against the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/2013_Dallas_Cowboys_season \"2013 Dallas Cowboys season\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Durkin\\|first\\=Dan\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/15/durkins\\-preview\\-bears\\-vikings/\\|title\\=Durkin's Preview: Bears\\-Vikings\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=November 15, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}}",
"#### Week 12: vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\=background\\-color:\\#03182f; color:\\#df6108; border:2px solid \\#df6108; text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Twelve: Tampa Bay Buccaneers at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=November 23\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:00 p.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\=Buccaneers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=10\\|R3\\=0\\|R4\\=3\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\='''Bears'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=0\\|H2\\=0\\|H3\\=21\\|H4\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=61,109\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|54\\|F\\|C}}, cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Walt Coleman]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=Fox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=Thom Brennaman, David Diehl and Laura Okmin\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014112302/2014/REG12/buccaneers@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56334/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*No scoring\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*TB – \\[\\[Mike Evans (wide receiver)\\|Mike Evans]] 19 yard pass from \\[\\[Josh McCown]], \\[\\[Patrick Murray (American football)\\|Patrick Murray]] XP good, 13:24 (TB 7–0\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 46 yards, 3:15'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*TB – Patrick Murray 32 yard field goal, 0:04 (TB 10–0\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 74 yards, 1:44'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 2 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 10:33 (TB 10–7\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 58 yards, 3:28'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]] 13 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 4:51 (CHI 14–10\\). '''Drive: 1 play, 13 yards, 0:06'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Matt Forte 1 yard run, Robbie Gould XP good, 3:02 (CHI 21–10\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 15 yards, 1:36'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*TB – Patrick Murray 39 yard field goal, 4:56 (CHI 21–13\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 51 yards, 2:55'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* TB – \\[\\[Josh McCown]], 25/48, 341 yards, 1 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 17/27, 130 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* TB – \\[\\[Doug Martin (running back)\\|Doug Martin]], 11 carries, 27 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 23 carries, 89 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* TB – \\[\\[Louis Murphy]], 6 receptions, 113 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – Matt Forte, 5 receptions, 23 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* TB – \\[\\[Mason Foster]], 7 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Ryan Mundy]], 6 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\nThe Bears' game against the 2–8 [Tampa Bay Buccaneers](/wiki/2014_Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers_season \"2014 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season\") marked the return of Bucs head coach [Lovie Smith](/wiki/Lovie_Smith \"Lovie Smith\"), who had served as Bears [head coach](/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Bears_head_coaches \"List of Chicago Bears head coaches\") from 2004 to 2012; his staff also featured seven former Bears' assistants: special teams coordinator [Kevin O'Dea](/wiki/Kevin_O%27Dea \"Kevin O'Dea\"), cornerbacks coach [Gill Byrd](/wiki/Gill_Byrd \"Gill Byrd\"), wide receiver coach [Andrew Hayes\\-Stoker](/wiki/Andrew_Hayes-Stoker \"Andrew Hayes-Stoker\"), linebackers coach [Hardy Nickerson](/wiki/Hardy_Nickerson \"Hardy Nickerson\"), defensive line assistant [Mike Phair](/wiki/Mike_Phair \"Mike Phair\"), safeties coach [Mikal Smith](/wiki/Mikal_Smith \"Mikal Smith\"), and running backs coach [Tim Spencer](/wiki/Tim_Spencer_%28American_football%29 \"Tim Spencer (American football)\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-to\\-face\\-ex\\-players\\-coaches/94e5b9cf\\-b115\\-4f3e\\-83cb\\-9d0de8071bcc\\|title\\=Bears to face ex\\-players, coaches\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=April 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=April 24, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424211609/http://prod.www.bears.clubs.nfl.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-to\\-face\\-ex\\-players\\-coaches/94e5b9cf\\-b115\\-4f3e\\-83cb\\-9d0de8071bcc\\|archive\\-date\\=April 24, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} The Bucs also featured three former Bears starters in quarterback [Josh McCown](/wiki/Josh_McCown \"Josh McCown\"), cornerback Isaiah Frey, and safety [Major Wright](/wiki/Major_Wright \"Major Wright\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/21/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-bucs/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Bucs\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=November 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} The Bears entered the game leading the all\\-time series 36–18, and won the last meeting 24–18 in [2011](/wiki/2011_Chicago_Bears_season \"2011 Chicago Bears season\").{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=chi\\&tm2\\=tam\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=Boxscore finder: Chicago Bears vs Tampa Bay Buccaneers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 4, 2014}} The Bears' 13th\\-ranked offense (19th rushing and 10th passing) had to prepare for a 27th\\-ranked Tampa Bay defense (22nd rushing and 30th passing){{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-set\\-to\\-host\\-Buccaneers\\-today/827e112d\\-1751\\-4dc2\\-9627\\-102d52352ebe\\|title\\=Bears set to host Buccaneers today\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=March 30, 2015\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402144043/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Bears\\-set\\-to\\-host\\-Buccaneers\\-today/827e112d\\-1751\\-4dc2\\-9627\\-102d52352ebe\\|archive\\-date\\=April 2, 2015\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} that was tied for fourth in forcing plays of negative yardage with 75, 45 of which were runs, the third\\-most in the league. To prevent such incidents, the team would have to contain [Gerald McCoy](/wiki/Gerald_McCoy \"Gerald McCoy\") and [Lavonte David](/wiki/Lavonte_David \"Lavonte David\"), who recorded three pick\\-sixes (tied for the most in the league),{{cite web\\|last\\=Kaberon\\|first\\=Eli\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/By\\-The\\-Numbers\\-Week\\-12/76e62088\\-c706\\-43bf\\-9bdc\\-7c63394d0898\\|title\\=By The Numbers: Week 12\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 20, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=March 30, 2015\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234758/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/By\\-The\\-Numbers\\-Week\\-12/76e62088\\-c706\\-43bf\\-9bdc\\-7c63394d0898\\|archive\\-date\\=April 2, 2015\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} 15 turnovers and 45 points on these plays. On defense, the Bears would have to apply pressure: when blitzed, the Buccaneers' quarterbacks have the second\\-worst statistics in the league, consisting of a 57\\.6 passer rating, four touchdowns, seven interceptions (McCown being responsible for four) and nine sacks. While the Bears' pass defense is ranked 15th compared to Tampa's 19th\\-ranked passing attack, and the cornerbacks are undersized compared to the Bucs' receiving tandem of [Mike Evans](/wiki/Mike_Evans_%28wide_receiver%29 \"Mike Evans (wide receiver)\") and [Vincent Jackson](/wiki/Vincent_Jackson \"Vincent Jackson\"), both of whom are {{Height\\|ft\\=6\\|in\\=5}},{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/players/E/EvanMi00\\.htm\\|title\\=Mike Evans\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=March 30, 2015}}{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/players/J/JackVi00\\.htm\\|title\\=Vincent Jackson\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=March 30, 2015}} the defensive backs are accustomed to such disadvantages in practice. Rushing\\-wise, Tampa was struggling productively, being ranked 28th, and had the NFL's second\\-least carries, and averaged only 3\\.2 yards on first down. ESPN, Yahoo!, *USA Today*, Fox Sports, and CBS Sports' majority panels predicted a Bears victory.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/The\\-Pick\\-is\\-in\\-Bears\\-vs\\-Buccaneers/751776e3\\-5f43\\-4874\\-aea3\\-6cb3a2dbd6d2\\|title\\=The Pick is in: Bears vs. Buccaneers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=March 30, 2015\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234804/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/The\\-Pick\\-is\\-in\\-Bears\\-vs\\-Buccaneers/751776e3\\-5f43\\-4874\\-aea3\\-6cb3a2dbd6d2\\|archive\\-date\\=April 2, 2015\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} Terrance Mitchell, Khaseem Greene, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, Jordan Mills, Trevor Scott and Chris Williams were inactive.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Buccaneers/6dee2c86\\-d744\\-42d5\\-ab35\\-9c8a0f5bda74\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Buccaneers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=March 30, 2015\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234802/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Player\\-Inactives\\-Bears\\-Buccaneers/6dee2c86\\-d744\\-42d5\\-ab35\\-9c8a0f5bda74\\|archive\\-date\\=April 2, 2015\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}}",
"The Buccaneers won the coin toss, but decided to kickoff. After the Bears went three\\-and\\-out, [Marcus Thigpen](/wiki/Marcus_Thigpen \"Marcus Thigpen\") muffed the ensuing punt but recovered. Tampa turned the ball over anyway when McCown was intercepted by Chris Conte, though Jay Cutler was also responsible for a turnover of his own after being hit by McCoy and fumbling with [Clinton McDonald](/wiki/Clinton_McDonald \"Clinton McDonald\").{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554333\\.\\=0\\|title\\=Tampa Bay Buccaneers vs. Chicago Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=March 30, 2015}} McCown later connected with Evans for a 19\\-yard touchdown.{{cite web\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Associated Press\\|AP]]\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/23/bears\\-rally\\-for\\-21\\-13\\-victory\\-over\\-buccaneers/\\|title\\=Bears Rally For 21\\-13 Victory Over Buccaneers\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=November 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 22, 2019}} After two drives of punts, Robbie Gould missed a 54\\-yard field goal while [Patrick Murray](/wiki/Patrick_Murray_%28American_football%29 \"Patrick Murray (American football)\") made a 32\\-yard kick. The Bears improved in the second half as Cutler threw a two\\-yard score to Alshon Jeffery, followed by two Forte touchdowns for 21 unanswered points. The Bucs would commit three turnovers in the second half as McCown lost a fumble on a David Bass sack and threw an interception to Ryan Mundy, and Jackson was stripped by Tim Jennings. Tampa added a 39\\-yard field goal in the fourth quarter, but could not rally as the Bears won.",
"The Bears were the second team in 2014 to win despite recording less than 205 total yards.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/they\\-said\\-it\\-bears\\-buccaneers\\-14426606\\|title\\=They said it: Bears\\-Buccaneers\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 24, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 22, 2019}}",
"#### Week 13: at Detroit Lions",
"[Thanksgiving Day game](/wiki/NFL_on_Thanksgiving_Day \"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\")\n* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Thirteen: Chicago Bears at Detroit Lions – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\={{tooltip\\|November 27\\|Thursday}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:30 p.m. EST/11:30 a.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=14\\|R2\\=0\\|R3\\=3\\|R4\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\='''Lions'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=3\\|H2\\=21\\|H3\\=0\\|H4\\=10\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[Ford Field]], \\[\\[Detroit\\|Detroit, Michigan]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=64,175\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\=Played indoors (dome stadium)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Bill Vinovich]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=CBS\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Jim Nantz]], \\[\\[Phil Simms]] and \\[\\[Tracy Wolfson]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014112700/2014/REG13/bears@lions Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56346/DET\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 10 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Robbie Gould]] XP good, 10:33 (CHI 7–0\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 55 yards, 2:47'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – \\[\\[Matt Prater]] 46 yard field goal, 6:51 (CHI 7–3\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 52 yards, 3:42'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Alshon Jeffery 6 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Robbie Gould XP good, 3:35 (CHI 14–3\\). '''Drive: 2 plays, 5 yards, 0:43'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – \\[\\[Calvin Johnson]] 25 yard pass from \\[\\[Matthew Stafford]], Matt Prater XP good, 12:55 (CHI 14–10\\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 78 yards, 5:40'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – \\[\\[Joique Bell]] 1 yard run, Matt Prater XP good, 3:18 (DET 17–14\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 86 yards, 4:28'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – Calvin Johnson 6 yard pass from Matthew Stafford, Matt Prater XP good, 0:24 (DET 24–14\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 64 yards, 1:21'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Robbie Gould 35 yard field goal, 8:54 (DET 24–17\\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 64 yards, 6:06'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – Joique Bell 1 yard run, 14:57 (DET 31–17\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 95 yards, 6:01'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – Matt Prater 40 yard field goal, 6:16 (DET 34–17\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 20 yards, 3:13'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 31/48, 280 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[Matthew Stafford]], 34/45, 390 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Ka'Deem Carey]], 2 carries, 8 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[Joique Bell]], 23 carries, 91 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]], 9 receptions, 71 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[Calvin Johnson]], 11 receptions, 146 yards, 2 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Ryan Mundy]], 11 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[DeAndre Levy]], 10 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\nThe Bears played their first [Thanksgiving Day](/wiki/NFL_on_Thanksgiving_Day \"NFL on Thanksgiving Day\") game in ten seasons against the 7–4 [Detroit Lions](/wiki/2014_Detroit_Lions_season \"2014 Detroit Lions season\"). The two [rivals](/wiki/Bears-Lions_rivalry \"Bears-Lions rivalry\") have played 15 games on Thanksgiving, with Chicago holding the lead 8–7, but the Bears have been 1–4 in their last five Thanksgiving Day games, the most recent win coming in [1993](/wiki/1993_Chicago_Bears_season \"1993 Chicago Bears season\") against the Lions. The previous Thanksgiving game for the Bears was a 21–7 loss to the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys \"Dallas Cowboys\") in [2004](/wiki/2004_Chicago_Bears_season \"2004 Chicago Bears season\").{{cite web\\|last\\=Wright\\|first\\=Michael C.\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/blog/chicago/bears/post/\\_/id/4691771/chicago\\-bears\\-schedule\\-analysis\\|title\\=Chicago Bears schedule analysis\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|date\\=April 23, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=April 23, 2014}} The Lions entered the game with one of the best run defenses in the league that allowed fewer than 71 yards per game and a league\\-best 3\\.2 per carry; Detroit's defense also led the league in negative\\-yardage rushing plays with 16\\.7 percent. Jeff Joniak wrote \"running on the edges of the Lions defense with the tackle sweeps and toss plays to Matt Forte could prove to be effective\" in defeating them. Offensively, Joniak noted the Lions were similar to the Bears in featuring elements of the [New Orleans Saints](/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints \"New Orleans Saints\") in their offensive thanks to coordinator [Joe Lombardi](/wiki/Joe_Lombardi \"Joe Lombardi\")'s ties to the team. Although the Lions had failed to score a touchdown in eight consecutive quarters entering thirteen, running back [Reggie Bush](/wiki/Reggie_Bush \"Reggie Bush\") made his return to the team from injury. Overall, Joniak concluded the Bears had to capitalize on the Lions' two\\-game losing streak to win.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/11/26/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-lions/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Lions\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=November 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} Terrance Mitchell, Darryl Sharpton, Lance Briggs, Eben Britton, Trevor Scott, Chris Williams, and Jeremiah Ratliff sat out the game.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\\-inactives\\-bears\\-lions\\-14450798\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Lions\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 27, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 24, 2019\\|archive\\-date\\=December 23, 2019\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223215221/https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\\-inactives\\-bears\\-lions\\-14450798\\|url\\-status\\=dead}}",
"Chicago, who had struggled in the first quarter as they were outscored 41–0 in the period in their last six games, saw early success as they forced a Detroit punt before scoring on their opening drive with Jay Cutler's ten\\-yard touchdown to Alshon Jeffery.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\\-start\\-quick\\-but\\-stumble\\-to\\-loss\\-14452564\\|title\\=Bears start quick, but stumble to loss\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=November 27, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} [Matt Prater](/wiki/Matt_Prater \"Matt Prater\") made a 46\\-yard field goal, but a [Jared Allen](/wiki/Jared_Allen \"Jared Allen\") forced fumble on [Matthew Stafford](/wiki/Matthew_Stafford \"Matthew Stafford\") led to Cutler throwing a six\\-yard score to Jeffery to put the Bears up 14–3\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554281\\|title\\=Bears vs. Lions – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} However, the Lions responded with 21 consecutive points in the second quarter with two Stafford touchdown throws to [Calvin Johnson](/wiki/Calvin_Johnson \"Calvin Johnson\") and a [Joique Bell](/wiki/Joique_Bell \"Joique Bell\") run, completing series of 78, 86, and 64 yards. Chicago attempted to respond with a 63\\-yard drive that ended with Robbie Gould's 35\\-yard kick, but the Lions engineered a 95\\-yard possession with Bell's one\\-yard score in the fourth quarter. Trailing 31–17, the Bears switched to a vertical passing attack, only for Cutler's pass to Brandon Marshall to be tipped by [Darius Slay](/wiki/Darius_Slay \"Darius Slay\") and intercepted by [Glover Quin](/wiki/Glover_Quin \"Glover Quin\"), which set up a 40\\-yard kick by Prater. Getting the ball with 1:55 remaining in the game, the Bears reached the Lions' 14\\-yard line before Cutler was picked off by [James Ihedigbo](/wiki/James_Ihedigbo \"James Ihedigbo\") on the final play.",
"#### Week 14: vs. Dallas Cowboys",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Fourteen: Dallas Cowboys at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\={{tooltip\\|December 4\\|Thursday}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=7:25 p.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Cowboys'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=14\\|R3\\=21\\|R4\\=6\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=0\\|H2\\=7\\|H3\\=0\\|H4\\=21\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=61,558\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|35\\|F\\|C}}, cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Ed Hochuli]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=\\[\\[Thursday Night Football\\|NFLN]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=Jim Nantz, Phil Simms and Tracy Wolfson\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014120400/2014/REG14/cowboys@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56362/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*No scoring\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – \\[\\[DeMarco Murray]] 1 yard rush, \\[\\[Dan Bailey (American football)\\|Dan Bailey]] XP good, 10:50 (DAL 7–0\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 51 yards, 5:53'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]] 12 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], \\[\\[Jay Feely]] XP good, 6:13 (TIE 7–7\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 80 yards, 4:37'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – \\[\\[Cole Beasley]] 13 yard pass from Tony Romo, Dan Bailey XP good, 0:08 (DAL 14–7\\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 72 yards, 6:05'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – Cole Beasley 24 yard pass from Tony Romo, Dan Bailey XP good, 12:32 (DAL 21–7\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 31 yards, 1:27'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – \\[\\[Gavin Escobar]] 6 yard pass from Tony Romo, Dan Bailey XP good, 8:02 (DAL 28–7\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 56 yards, 2:14'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – \\[\\[Joseph Randle]] 17 yard run, Dan Bailey XP good, 2:09 (DAL 35–7\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 68 yards, 3:17'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 27 yard pass from Jay Cutler, Jay Feely XP blocked, 14:52 (DAL 35–13\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 76 yards, 2:17'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – Dan Bailey 35 yard field goal, 12:35 (DAL 38–13\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 31 yards, 2:17'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]] 1 yard run, Matt Forte run for two\\-point conversion, 7:17 (DAL 38–21\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 67 yards, 5:18'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – Jay Cutler 10 yard rush, Jay Feely XP good, 6:09 (DAL 38–28\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 67 yards, 5:18'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – Dan Bailey 27 yard field goal, 3:41 (DAL 41–28\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 50 yards, 1:08'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – \\[\\[Tony Romo]], 21/26, 205 yards, 3 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 32/46, 341 yards, 2 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – \\[\\[DeMarco Murray]], 32 carries, 179 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 13 carries, 26 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – DeMarco Murray, 9 receptions, 49 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]], 12 receptions, 84 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DAL – \\[\\[Rolando McClain]], 10 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jon Bostic]], 5 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOn Thursday night, the Bears and [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/2014_Dallas_Cowboys_season \"2014 Dallas Cowboys season\") met for the 25th time in week fourteen. The Bears had won the last three meetings between the two, including a 45–28 victory in 2013\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=dal\\&tm2\\=chi\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=Boxscore finder: Dallas Cowboys vs Chicago Bears\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 27, 2014}} In his pre\\-game preview, Jeff Joniak described the upcoming game as \"tug of war with the clock\" as both teams sought to control time of possession: in 2014, the Bears were ranked tenth in time of possession, while the Cowboys were ahead in fifth, and in their 2013 game, the Bears held the ball for 36 minutes. The Cowboys defense also struggled on first down, being ranked 29th in the NFL with 4\\.9 yards per carry allowed on such downs. Conversely, Dallas' offense featured one of the top offensive lines as [DeMarco Murray](/wiki/DeMarco_Murray \"DeMarco Murray\") led the league in carries and rushing yards, while quarterback [Tony Romo](/wiki/Tony_Romo \"Tony Romo\") had just eight interceptions and a passer rating of 125 against blitzes. However, the Cowboys had lost 12 of 18 fumbles, a weakness that Joniak emphasized.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/04/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-cowboys/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Cowboys\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=December 4, 2019\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} Robbie Gould, who suffered a quad injury, was among the seven Bears inactive for the games as he joined Terrance Mitchell, Khaseem Greene, Darryl Sharpton, Eben Britton, Jeremiah Ratliff, and Cornelius Washington.{{cite web\\|last\\=Durkin\\|first\\=Dan\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/04/bears\\-cowboys\\-gould\\-ratliff\\-inactive/\\|title\\=Bears\\-Cowboys: Gould, Ratliff Inactive\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=December 4, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} To take Gould's place, the Bears signed [Jay Feely](/wiki/Jay_Feely \"Jay Feely\"), who made 30 of 36 kicks in 2013 with the [Arizona Cardinals](/wiki/2013_Arizona_Cardinals_season \"2013 Arizona Cardinals season\").{{cite web\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/03/with\\-robbie\\-gould\\-injured\\-bears\\-sign\\-kicker\\-jay\\-feely/\\|title\\=With Robbie Gould Injured, Bears Sign Kicker Jay Feely\\|work\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=December 3, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}}\nFour consecutive punts and a scoreless first quarter began the game before both teams traded touchdowns: after Murray scored a one\\-yard touchdown run, Jay Cutler threw a 12\\-yard score to Martellus Bennett, which Dallas answered on Romo's 13\\-yard pass to [Cole Beasley](/wiki/Cole_Beasley \"Cole Beasley\").{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554349\\|title\\=Cowboys vs. Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} In the third quarter, the Cowboys scored three touchdowns to complete a 13\\-minute stretch between the second and third periods in which they scored 28 unanswered points:{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\\-fall\\-to\\-5\\-8\\-with\\-loss\\-to\\-cowboys\\-14505909\\|title\\=Bears fall to 5\\-8 with loss to Cowboys\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=December 4, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} after Matt Forte lost a fumble to [Sterling Moore](/wiki/Sterling_Moore \"Sterling Moore\"), Romo threw a 24\\-yard touchdown to Beasley, followed by a six\\-yard touchdown pass to [Gavin Escobar](/wiki/Gavin_Escobar \"Gavin Escobar\") and [Joseph Randle](/wiki/Joseph_Randle \"Joseph Randle\")'s 17\\-yard touchdown run. The Bears opened the fourth quarter with Cutler's 27\\-yard touchdown to Alshon Jeffery, though Feely's extra point was blocked. Chicago then attempted an onside kick that Beasley recovered, with [Anthony Walters](/wiki/Anthony_Walters_%28American_football%29 \"Anthony Walters (American football)\") suffering an offside penalty. The Cowboys would drive to the Bears' 17 where [Dan Bailey](/wiki/Dan_Bailey_%28American_football%29 \"Dan Bailey (American football)\") converted a 35\\-yard field goal. Forte later ran for a one\\-yard touchdown and scored on the two\\-point conversion; the Bears' Dante Rosario recovered the ensuing onside for the team's first successful onside kick since [2003](/wiki/2003_Chicago_Bears_season \"2003 Chicago Bears season\").{{cite news\\|last\\=Biggs\\|first\\=Brad\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\\-brad\\-biggs\\-thoughts\\-bears\\-cowboys\\-20141205\\-story.html\\|title\\=Brad Biggs' 10 thoughts after Bears' loss to Cowboys\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=December 5, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 5, 2014}} Assisted by a roughing the passer penalty on [Tyrone Crawford](/wiki/Tyrone_Crawford \"Tyrone Crawford\"), the Chicago offense reached the Dallas ten, where Cutler ran for the score. A third onside kick attempt failed as DeDe Lattimore was penalized for being offsides and [Dez Bryant](/wiki/Dez_Bryant \"Dez Bryant\") recovered; Bailey later made a 27\\-yard kick. Down 41–28, the Bears attempted to rally and reached the Cowboys' red zone before Cutler was intercepted by [Orlando Scandrick](/wiki/Orlando_Scandrick \"Orlando Scandrick\") in the end zone.",
"The Cowboys ended the game with scores on seven consecutive drives, with three exceptions being the first two punts and the final possession in which Romo kneeled twice to end the game.",
"With the Lions' win over the Buccaneers three days later, the Bears were officially eliminated from playoff contention.{{cite news\\|last\\=Campbell\\|first\\=Rich\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\\-bears\\-eliminated\\-playoffs\\-20141207\\-story.html\\|title\\=Bears eliminated from playoff contention\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=December 7, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=November 7, 2014}}",
"#### Week 15: vs. New Orleans Saints",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Fifteen: New Orleans Saints at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\={{tooltip\\|December 15\\|Monday}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=7:30 p.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Saints'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=14\\|R3\\=10\\|R4\\=7\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=0\\|H2\\=0\\|H3\\=0\\|H4\\=15\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=60,996\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|44\\|F\\|C}}, rain showers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=Carl Cheffers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=ESPN\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=Mike Tirico, Jon Gruden and Lisa Salters\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014121500/2014/REG15/saints@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56393/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*No scoring\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – \\[\\[Josh Hill (American football)\\|Josh Hill]] 8 yard pass from \\[\\[Drew Brees]], \\[\\[Shayne Graham]] XP good, 14:52 (NO 7–0\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 85 yards, 4:03'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – \\[\\[Marques Colston]] 9 yard pass from Drew Brees, Shayne Graham XP good, 0:32 (NO 14–0\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 95 yards, 3:30'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – Josh Hill 7 yard pass from Drew Brees, Shayne Graham XP good, 8:35 (NO 21–0\\). '''Drive: 12 plays, 80 yards, 6:25'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – Shayne Graham 25 yard field goal, 0:16 (NO 24–0\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 49 yards, 3:05'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Marquess Wilson]] 1 yard pass from \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], Jay Cutler to \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]] for two\\-point conversion, 12:47 (NO 24–8\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 56 yards, 2:29'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – \\[\\[Mark Ingram II]] 15 yard run, Shayne Graham XP good, 1:47 (NO 31–8\\). '''Drive: 3 plays, 23 yards, 1:00'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 7 yard pass from Jay Cutler, \\[\\[Jay Feely]] XP good, 0:30 (NO 31–15\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 71 yards, 1:17'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – \\[\\[Drew Brees]], 29/36, 375 yards, 3 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 17/31, 194 yards, 2 TD, 3 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – \\[\\[Mark Ingram II]], 17 carries, 59 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 16 carries, 78 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – \\[\\[Jimmy Graham]], 5 receptions, 87 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]], 4 receptions, 78 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top tacklers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* NO – \\[\\[John Jenkins (defensive tackle)\\|John Jenkins]], 7 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Christian Jones (American football)\\|Christian Jones]], 8 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWeek fifteen saw a battle of 5–8 teams as the Bears hosted the [New Orleans Saints](/wiki/2014_New_Orleans_Saints_season \"2014 New Orleans Saints season\"); the Bears entered the game with a 15–13 advantage in the all\\-time series, though they dropped their last meeting in 2013 26–18\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/game\\_query.cgi?tm1\\=chi\\&tm2\\=nor\\&yr\\=all\\|title\\=All Matchups, Chicago Bears vs. New Orleans Saints\\|work\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} With the Saints allowing 271 rushing yards in their previous game against the [Carolina Panthers](/wiki/2014_Carolina_Panthers_season \"2014 Carolina Panthers season\") and 183 rushing yards per game in the last five weeks, Jeff Joniak stressed a run\\-heavy offense with Matt Forte who had just 18 combined carries and 31 total yards in his last two games. The Saints defense was also allowing 398 yards per game and eight yards per pass, among the worst in the NFL, while their 359 total points allowed were the second\\-most in the NFC behind the Bears' 378\\. For the Bears defense, Joniak focused on containing [Mark Ingram II](/wiki/Mark_Ingram_II \"Mark Ingram II\"), who had four 100\\-yard rushing games in 2014, and [Drew Brees](/wiki/Drew_Brees \"Drew Brees\"), who was completing 69\\.3 percent of his throws and was close to breaking 4,000 passing yards for the ninth straight year.{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/14/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-saints/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Saints\\|date\\=December 14, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} Chris Conte, Robbie Gould, [Michael Ola](/wiki/Michael_Ola \"Michael Ola\"), Trevor Scott, David Fales, Brandon Dunn, and Terrance Mitchell were inactive.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/15/bears\\-saints\\-inactives\\-gould\\-conte\\-are\\-out/\\|title\\=Bears\\-Saints Inactives: Gould, Conte Are Out\\|work\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=December 15, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}}\nAfter a scoreless first quarter in which Jay Cutler was intercepted by [Patrick Robinson](/wiki/Patrick_Robinson_%28cornerback%29 \"Patrick Robinson (cornerback)\") on the opening drive, [Nick Toon](/wiki/Nick_Toon \"Nick Toon\") lost a fumble to Jared Allen, and [Shayne Graham](/wiki/Shayne_Graham \"Shayne Graham\") missed a 51\\-yard field goal, the Saints scored 24 unanswered points across the second and third quarters. The points came via Brees' eight\\- and nine\\-yard touchdown throws to [Josh Hill](/wiki/Josh_Hill_%28American_football%29 \"Josh Hill (American football)\") and [Marques Colston](/wiki/Marques_Colston \"Marques Colston\") in the second, followed a second Brees\\-to\\-Hill score for seven yards and Graham's 25\\-yard kick in the third.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554427\\|title\\=Saints vs. Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} Against a blitz\\-heavy Saints defense, Cutler was sacked a season\\-high seven times as the offense recorded just 278 total yards.{{cite web\\|last\\=Kaberon\\|first\\=Eli\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\\-struggles\\-on\\-offense\\-continue\\-14589029\\|title\\=Bears struggles on offense continue\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=December 15, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019\\|archive\\-date\\=December 24, 2019\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224042411/https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\\-struggles\\-on\\-offense\\-continue\\-14589029\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} He was also intercepted two more times by [Pierre Warren](/wiki/Pierre_Warren \"Pierre Warren\") in the second and third quarters. During the first quarter, on 4th\\-and\\-3 from their own 39 and with only ten players on the field, the Bears attempted to fake the punt by directly snapping to Danny McCray; McCray would gain only two yards on the play. The Bears were then penalized for not having seven players on the line of scrimmage, missing a lineman.{{cite news\\|last\\=Biggs\\|first\\=Brad\\|url\\=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi\\-biggs\\-10\\-thoughts\\-bears\\-saints\\-20141216\\-story.html\\|title\\=10 thoughts after Bears' loss to Saints\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Chicago Tribune]]\\|date\\=December 16, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 29, 2014}} {{subscription required\\|date\\=December 2014}} Chicago would not score points until the fourth quarter with a one\\-yard touchdown pass to Marquess Wilson. After the [two\\-minute warning](/wiki/Two-minute_warning \"Two-minute warning\"), Ingram recorded a 15\\-yard touchdown run, which the Bears answered with a seven\\-yard throw from Cutler to Alshon Jeffery to complete a 71\\-yard drive. The Saints' [Benjamin Watson](/wiki/Benjamin_Watson \"Benjamin Watson\") recovered the onside to end the game.",
"With the loss, the Bears fell to 5–9, their first losing season since 2009\\.",
"#### Week 16: vs. Detroit Lions",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - * + {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Sixteen: Detroit Lions at Chicago Bears – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=December 21\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:00 p.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\='''Lions'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=7\\|R2\\=0\\|R3\\=3\\|R4\\=10\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=0\\|H2\\=7\\|H3\\=7\\|H4\\=0\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=61,420\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|36\\|F\\|C}}, cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Gene Steratore]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=Fox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Joe Buck]], \\[\\[Troy Aikman]] and \\[\\[Erin Andrews]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014122101/2014/REG16/lions@bears Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56398/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – \\[\\[Reggie Bush]] 13 yard run, \\[\\[Matt Prater]] XP good, 5:15 (DET 7–0\\). '''Drive: 7 plays, 57 yards, 3:00'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'''Second quarter'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]] 11 yard pass from \\[\\[Jimmy Clausen]], \\[\\[Jay Feely]] XP good, 0:30 (TIE 7–7\\). '''Drive: 1 play, 11 yards, 0:06'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'''Third quarter'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – Matt Prater 39 yard field goal, 10:24 (DET 10–7\\). '''Drive: 10 plays, 47 yards, 4:36'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]] 20 yard pass from Jimmy Clausen, Jay Feely XP good, 7:39\\. (CHI 14–10\\). '''Drive: 14 plays, 80 yards, 7:39'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'''Fourth quarter'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – \\[\\[Joique Bell]] 17 yard run, Matt Prater XP good, 1:05 (DET 17–14\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 73 yards, 1:05'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*DET – Matt Prater 30 yard field goal, 2:59\\. (DET 20–14\\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 43 yards, 2:59'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'''Top passers'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[Matthew Stafford]], 22/39, 243 yards, 2 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jimmy Clausen]], 23/39, 181 yards, 2 TD, 1 INT\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'''Top rushers'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[Joique Bell]], 13 carries, 74 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 19 carries, 55 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'''Top receivers'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[Calvin Johnson]], 6 receptions, 103 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Alshon Jeffery]], 6 receptions, 72 yards, 1 TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'''Top tacklers'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* DET – \\[\\[DeAndre Levy]], 6 tackles, 2 assists\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Christian Jones (American football)\\|Christian Jones]], 11 tackles\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t[thumb\\|[Jimmy Clausen](/wiki/Jimmy_Clausen \"Jimmy Clausen\") made his first start since his rookie year in 2010 in week sixteen against the Lions](/wiki/File:Jimmy_Clausen_bear2014.jpg \"Jimmy Clausen bear2014.jpg\")\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWith the Bears struggling, Jay Cutler was benched for backup [Jimmy Clausen](/wiki/Jimmy_Clausen \"Jimmy Clausen\") against the Lions in week sixteen; at the time of his benching, Cutler led the league in turnovers with 24\\. It was Clausen's first start since his rookie year with the [2010 Carolina Panthers](/wiki/2010_Carolina_Panthers_season \"2010 Carolina Panthers season\"), during which he went 1–9 as a starter; in 2014, he appeared in three games with the Bears, during which he completed three of nine passes for 42 yards. At the time of his benching, Cutler led the league in turnovers with 24\\.{{cite news\\|last\\=Birkett\\|first\\=Dave\\|url\\=https://www.freep.com/story/sports/nfl/lions/2014/12/17/jimmy\\-clausen/20563521/\\|title\\=Cutler benched; Bears to start Jimmy Clausen vs. Lions\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Detroit Free Press]]\\|date\\=December 17, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}}{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Clausen\\-excited\\-to\\-make\\-first\\-start/9282e1e4\\-2a3a\\-46d7\\-9577\\-9f3baff4d7ba\\|title\\=Clausen excited to make first start\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=December 18, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 29, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219231522/http://www.chicagobears.com/news/article\\-1/Clausen\\-excited\\-to\\-make\\-first\\-start/9282e1e4\\-2a3a\\-46d7\\-9577\\-9f3baff4d7ba\\|archive\\-date\\=December 19, 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|df\\=mdy\\-all}} Robbie Gould, David Fales, Terrance Mitchell, Chris Conte, Kyle Long, Trevor Scott, and Will Sutton were unavailable as all but Mitchell and Scott were dealing with injuries.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\\-inactives\\-bears\\-lions\\-14623818\\|title\\=Player Inactives: Bears\\-Lions\\|work\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=December 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019\\|archive\\-date\\=December 24, 2019\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224043612/https://www.chicagobears.com/news/player\\-inactives\\-bears\\-lions\\-14623818\\|url\\-status\\=dead}}",
"After two punts, the Lions scored first on Reggie Bush's 13\\-yard touchdown run. Although the Bears drove to Detroit's one\\-yard line, they were unable to score as Clausen's fourth\\-down pass to Eben Britton, who had reported in as an [eligible receiver](/wiki/Eligible_receiver \"Eligible receiver\"), fell incomplete. Chicago would get the ball back on the following series after Matthew Stafford's pass was intercepted by Brock Vereen, but they could not capitalize on the takeaway and punted. Stafford would be intercepted again, this time by Ryan Mundy, at the Bears' one\\-yard line, though the Chicago offense yet again failed to score.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554401\\|title\\=Lions vs. Bears – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} On the ensuing punt, returner [Jeremy Ross](/wiki/Jeremy_Ross \"Jeremy Ross\") muffed the punt at the Lions' 11 and Sherrick McManis recovered. On the next play, Clausen threw an 11\\-yard touchdown to Forte. After Matt Prater made a 39\\-yard field goal on the first drive of the second half, Clausen answered with a 20\\-yard score to Alshon Jeffery to give the Bears the 14–10; the score was aided by a roughing the punter while the Bears were punting on fourth\\-and\\-23\\.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\\-blow\\-fourth\\-quarter\\-lead\\-in\\-loss\\-14628909\\|title\\=Bears blow fourth\\-quarter lead in loss\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=December 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} In the fourth quarter, Prater's 37\\-yard attempt was blocked by Jeremiah Ratliff, but the Lions would score ten unanswered points in the period via Joique Bell's 17\\-yard touchdown run and a 30\\-yard kick by Prater. The go\\-ahead touchdown by Bell was created with help from a defensive pass interference on Tim Jennings while covering [Corey Fuller](/wiki/Corey_Fuller_%28wide_receiver%29 \"Corey Fuller (wide receiver)\"), resulting in a 46\\-yard gain for the Lions. Down by six points with 2:35 remaining, the Bears reached their 45 before Clausen's fourth\\-down throw was intercepted by Glover Quin.",
"Clausen ended his day with 23 of 39 passes completed for 181 yards, two touchdowns, an interception, and a passer rating of 77\\.0\\.{{cite news\\|url\\=https://www.latimes.com/sports/ct\\-bears\\-lions\\-jimmy\\-clausen\\-spt\\-1222\\-20141221\\-story.html\\|title\\=Jimmy Clausen spark goes out quickly as Bears lose 4th straight\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Los Angeles Times]]\\|date\\=December 21, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019\\|archive\\-date\\=December 24, 2019\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224050048/https://www.latimes.com/sports/ct\\-bears\\-lions\\-jimmy\\-clausen\\-spt\\-1222\\-20141221\\-story.html\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} Prior to the fourth quarter in which he completed just four of ten throws for 25 yards and the pick, he was 19 of 29 for 156 yards and two touchdowns for a 102\\.1 passer rating. He suffered a concussion in the game after a helmet\\-to\\-helmet hit by [Ziggy Ansah](/wiki/Ziggy_Ansah \"Ziggy Ansah\"), forcing him to miss the season finale in Minnesota.{{cite web\\|last\\=Wesseling\\|first\\=Chris\\|url\\=https://www.nfl.com/news/jay\\-cutler\\-to\\-start\\-for\\-bears\\-jimmy\\-clausen\\-concussed\\-0ap3000000448206\\|title\\=Jay Cutler to start for Bears; Jimmy Clausen concussed\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[National Football League]]\\|date\\=December 22, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}}",
"#### Week 17: at Minnesota Vikings",
"* + - * + - * + - * + - {{Americanfootballbox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|titlestyle\\={{NFLPrimaryStyle\\|Chicago Bears\\|border\\=2}};text\\-align:center;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|state\\=autocollapse\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|title\\=Week Seventeen: Chicago Bears at Minnesota Vikings – Game summary\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|date\\=December 28\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|time\\=12:00 p.m. CST\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|road\\=Bears\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|R1\\=0\\|R2\\=3\\|R3\\=3\\|R4\\=3\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|home\\='''Vikings'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|H1\\=3\\|H2\\=0\\|H3\\=7\\|H4\\=3\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stadium\\=\\[\\[TCF Bank Stadium]], \\[\\[Minneapolis, Minnesota]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|attendance\\=52,364\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|weather\\={{convert\\|15\\|F\\|C}}, cloudy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|referee\\=\\[\\[Jeff Triplette]]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TV\\=Fox\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|TVAnnouncers\\=\\[\\[Dick Stockton]], \\[\\[Brady Quinn]] and Kristina Pink\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014122806/2014/REG17/bears@vikings Recap], \\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/56416/MIN\\_Gamebook.pdf Gamebook]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|scoring\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;First quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIN – \\[\\[Blair Walsh]] 37 yard field goal, 4:59 (MIN 3–0\\). '''Drive: 13 plays, 61 yards, 5:25\\.'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Second quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – \\[\\[Jay Feely]] 48 yard field goal, 0:55 (TIE 3–3\\). '''Drive: 9 plays, 42 yards, 2:53\\.'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Third quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Jay Feely 25 yard field goal, 13:05 (CHI 6–3\\). '''Drive: 4 plays, 2 yards, 1:40\\.'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIN – \\[\\[Adam Thielen]] 44 yard pass from \\[\\[Teddy Bridgewater]], \\[\\[Blair Walsh]] XP good, 10:53 (MIN 10–6\\). '''Drive: 6 plays, 80 yards, 2:12\\.'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Fourth quarter\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*MIN – Blair Walsh 44 yard field goal, 11:29\\. (MIN 13–6\\). '''Drive: 5 plays, 27 yards, 2:29\\.'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\*CHI – Jay Feely 35 yard field goal, 8:53\\. (MIN 13–9\\). '''Drive: 8 plays, 18 yards, 2:36\\.'''\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \\|stats\\=\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top passers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Jay Cutler]], 23/36, 172 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIN – \\[\\[Teddy Bridgewater]], 17/25, 209 yards, TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top rushers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Matt Forte]], 17 rushes, 51 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIN – \\[\\[Matt Asiata]], 19 rushes, 91 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t;Top receivers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* CHI – \\[\\[Martellus Bennett]], 8 receptions, 59 yards\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\* MIN – \\[\\[Adam Thielen]], 3 receptions, 68 yards, TD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWith Jimmy Clausen out, Jay Cutler started the 2014 season finale against the Vikings. In his pre\\-game keys, Jeff Joniak discussed protecting Cutler from Mike Zimmer's blitzes; although Cutler recorded 330 passing yards in their first meeting, he was hit five times, while the Vikings were ranked in the top ten in sacks and forcing offensive linemen to commit holding penalties. On defense, he emphasized the ability to \"compete with fire\" to stop Teddy Bridgewater, who had four straight games with at least 70 percent of his passes completed, and Matt Asiata, who was second in the league with nine rushing touchdowns. Joniak concluded his article by noting the overall message should be maintaining effort as the Bears completed \"one of the most frustrating and perplexing seasons in recent franchise history with unfulfilled expectations devolving into uncertainty for 2015\\.\"{{cite web\\|last\\=Joniak\\|first\\=Jeff\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/26/joniak\\-keys\\-to\\-bears\\-vikings\\-2/\\|title\\=Joniak: Keys To Bears\\-Vikings\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=December 26, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} Clausen, Robbie Gould, [Al Louis\\-Jean](/wiki/Al_Louis-Jean \"Al Louis-Jean\"), Chris Conte, Charles Leno, [Austen Lane](/wiki/Austen_Lane \"Austen Lane\"), and Brandon Dunn did not dress for the game.{{cite web\\|last\\=Durkin\\|first\\=Dan\\|url\\=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/12/28/bears\\-vikings\\-inactive\\-list/\\|title\\=Bears\\-Vikings: Inactive List\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[WBBM\\-TV]]\\|date\\=December 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 24, 2019}}\nIn a low\\-scoring affair, the Vikings scored the only points of the first quarter with Blair Walsh's 37\\-yard field goal; Bridgewater had thrown a 35\\-yard touchdown to Greg Jennings early in the drive, but the pass was ruled incomplete. Jay Feely made a 48\\-yard kick on the Bears' final drive of the first half. Every other series in the half ended with a punt.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nfl/playbyplay?gameId\\=400554437\\|title\\=Bears vs. Vikings – Play By Play\\|work\\=\\[\\[ESPN.com]]\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} The second half began with Bridgewater being intercepted by Kyle Fuller, who returned the pick to Minnesota's nine\\-yard line. However, the offense could not score the touchdown and had to settle for Feely's 25\\-yard field goal. The Vikings answered with a 44\\-yard touchdown pass by Bridgewater to [Adam Thielen](/wiki/Adam_Thielen \"Adam Thielen\"). Following a 44\\-yard field goal by Walsh in the fourth quarter, [Marc Mariani](/wiki/Marc_Mariani \"Marc Mariani\") returned the ensuing kickoff 67 yards to the Vikings' 35, but the offense once again could not capitalize, leading to a 35\\-yard kick by Feely.{{cite web\\|last\\=Mayer\\|first\\=Larry\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\\-drop\\-fifth\\-straight\\-to\\-end\\-season\\-14675765\\|title\\=Bears drop fifth straight to end season\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=December 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}} Minnesota would reach Chicago's three on the next series, but were stopped on fourth down; the Bears also suffered the same fate when Cutler's fourth\\-and\\-nine pass to Martellus Bennett fell short by a yard.",
"The offense struggled mightily as the Bears failed to score a touchdown for the first time under Marc Trestman. Although Cutler completed 23 of 36 passes in the game for a career\\-best 66 percent, he had just 172 passing yards and just one pass that exceeded 20 yards.{{cite web\\|last\\=Kaberon\\|first\\=Eli\\|url\\=https://www.chicagobears.com/news/bears\\-offense\\-struggles\\-in\\-season\\-finale\\-14676441\\|title\\=Bears offense struggles in season finale\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Chicago Bears]]\\|date\\=December 28, 2014\\|access\\-date\\=December 23, 2019}}",
"With the loss, the Bears ended the season with their fifth consecutive loss, the first such losing streak since [1989](/wiki/1989_Chicago_Bears_season \"1989 Chicago Bears season\"), and their first last\\-place finish in the division since [2007](/wiki/2007_Chicago_Bears_season \"2007 Chicago Bears season\").",
""
] |
Revolutionary period
--------------------
### Irish Volunteers and IRA
He was elected a lieutenant in 1914 when he joined the Camlough Company of [Irish Volunteers](/wiki/Irish_Volunteers "Irish Volunteers") and the Gaelic League. But the northern nationalists split so they took no part in the Easter Rising. He became secretary of the local branch in 1917 and joined [Sinn Féin](/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in "Sinn Féin"). His sister Nano Aiken organised *[Cumann na mBan](/wiki/Cumann_na_mBan "Cumann na mBan")* in Newry, setting up a local branch at Camlough. While working at the Co\-Operative Flax\-Scutching Society, Aiken committed to speaking [Irish](/wiki/Irish_language "Irish language"), which he learned at the Donegal *[Gaeltacht](/wiki/Gaeltacht "Gaeltacht")* and Omeath Irish College.{{citation needed\|date\=November 2021}}
He first met [Éamon de Valera](/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera "Éamon de Valera") at the East Clare election in June 1917, riding despatches for [Austin Stack](/wiki/Austin_Stack "Austin Stack").M. Laffan, *Resurrection of Ireland: The Sinn Fein Party, 1916\-1923* (Cambridge: CUP, 1999\), p. 94 During a rowdy by\-election at [Bessbrook](/wiki/Bessbrook "Bessbrook") in February 1918, Aiken was elected a captain of Volunteers, stewarding electioneering. As secretary and chairman of the South Armagh district executive (comhairle ceanntair) it was his job to be chief fund\-raiser for the Dublin Executive, responsible for the Dáil loan masterminded by [Michael Collins](/wiki/Michael_Collins_%28Irish_leader%29 "Michael Collins (Irish leader)").
In 1917, making an outward display of defiance, Aiken raised [the republican Irish tricolor](/wiki/Flag_of_Ireland "Flag of Ireland"), opposite Camlough Barracks in Armagh, a move designed as deliberate provocation.University College of Dublin Archive p. 104/1309, cited by Townshend in "The Republic", p. 32
In March 1918 he was arrested by the RIC for illegal drilling — an act of open defiance that provoked a sentence of imprisonment for one month. On release that summer he joined the secretive [Irish Republican Brotherhood](/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood "Irish Republican Brotherhood") fighting Hibernianism in the area. By 1919 Aiken's clandestine activities mainly consisted of arms raids on dumps of the [Ulster Volunteers](/wiki/Ulster_Volunteers "Ulster Volunteers") who had imported weapons to resist Home Rule in 1913–14\. As well as UVF dumps, Aiken and the Newry Brigade also raided prominent local unionist barracks at Dromilly, Ballyedmond Castle and Loughall Manor. Although they failed to capture many weapons the raids gave experience to newly recruited Volunteers.Lewis, pp. 64\-65 Aiken was also responsible for setting up GAA Club, Gaelic League branch, a Cumann na mBan Camogie League.C. Townshend, "The Republic: The Fight For Irish Independence" (London 2014\), p. 23\. Within a few years he was Chairman of Sinn Féin in Armagh, and was also elected to Armagh County Council.
### War of Independence
Operating from the south Armagh/north Louth area, Aiken's unit was one of the most effective IRA in [Ulster](/wiki/Ulster "Ulster") during the [Irish War of Independence](/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence "Irish War of Independence"). This success is attributed primarily to Aiken's leadership and training methods.M. Lewis, 'The Newry Brigade at Independence War in Armagh and South Down', *Irish Sword* 27 (2010\), 225–232Magennis, p. 5
In May 1920, he led 200 IRA men in an assault on the [RIC](/wiki/Royal_Irish_Constabulary "Royal Irish Constabulary") barracks in [Newtownhamilton](/wiki/Newtownhamilton "Newtownhamilton"), attacking the building and then burning it with paraffin spayed from a potato sprayer; however, the garrison did not surrender.Matthew Lewis, *Frank Aiken's War*, pp. 67\-72 Aiken himself led a squad which blasted a hole in the wall of the barracks with gelignite and entered through it, exchanging shots with the policemen inside.Lewis, pp. 90\-91
At a sports event in Cullyhanna in June 1920, Aiken led a group of three men that demanded that three RIC men hand over their weapons. Shooting broke out and one man on each side was killed.
In July, he was almost killed at [Banbridge](/wiki/Banbridge "Banbridge"). While riding a motorcycle to Lurgan he was chased by an angry mob.*Newry Reporter*, 23, 27 July 1920; Eoin Magennis, *Frank Aiken: Earl Life*, p. 11
In December 1920, he led another assault, this time abortive, on the RIC station in his home village of Camlough. In reprisal, the newly formed [Ulster Special Constabulary](/wiki/Ulster_Special_Constabulary "Ulster Special Constabulary") burned Aiken's home and those of ten of his relatives in the Camlough area. They also arrested and killed two local republicans. From this point onward, the conflict in the area took on an increasingly bitter and [sectarian](/wiki/Sectarian "Sectarian") quality. Aiken tried on a number of occasions to ambush USC patrols from the ruins of his family home.Lewis, pp. 71\-72
In April 1921, Aiken's men mounted an operation in [Creggan, County Armagh](/wiki/Creggan%2C_County_Armagh "Creggan, County Armagh") to ambush the police and Special Constabulary. One Special constable was killed in the ensuing firefight. Some accounts have reported that Aiken took the Protestant Church congregation in the village hostage to lure the Specials out onto the road.Toby Harnden, *Bandit Country, The IRA and South Armagh* (1999\), pp. 127\-128 However, Mathew Lewis states that both Catholic and Protestant churchgoers were held in a pub to prevent their getting caught in the crossfire.Lewis, pp. 78\-79 Nevertheless, sectarian bitterness deepened in the area. The following month, the Special Constabulary started shooting Catholic civilians in revenge for IRA attacks.
In June 1921, Aiken organised his most successful attack yet on the British military, when his men derailed a British troop train heading from Belfast to Dublin, killing the train guard, three cavalry soldiers and 63 horses.{{cite web \|url\=http://www.burnsmoley.com/pages/area/fourth.php \|title\=South Armagh History – The 4th Northern Division \|access\-date\=19 April 2008 \|publisher\=Sinn Féin Cumann South Armagh \|url\-status\=dead \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212124228/http://www.burnsmoley.com/pages/area/fourth.php \|archive\-date\=12 February 2008 }} Shortly afterwards, the Specials took four Catholics from their homes in Bessbrook and Altnaveigh, shooting them dead.
After an IRA reorganisation in April 1921, Aiken was put in command of the Fourth Northern Division of the IRA.C. Townshend, *The Republic: The Fight For Irish Independence* (2014\), p. 457 The cycle of violence in south\-east Ulster area continued the following year, despite a formal truce with the British from 11 July 1921 (see [The Troubles in Ulster (1920–1922\)](/wiki/The_Troubles_in_Ulster_%281920%E2%80%931922%29 "The Troubles in Ulster (1920–1922)")). [Michael Collins](/wiki/Michael_Collins_%28Irish_leader%29 "Michael Collins (Irish leader)") organised a clandestine guerrilla offensive against the newly created [Northern Ireland](/wiki/Northern_Ireland "Northern Ireland") State. In May 1922, for reasons that have never been properly determined, Aiken and his Fourth Northern Division never took part in the operation, although it was planned that they would.
Aiken remained Head of the Ulster Council Command, however. He was quickly promoted through the ranks, rising to commandant of Newry Brigade and eventually commander of 4th Northern Division from spring 1921\. The IRA units he would eventually command extended from [County Louth](/wiki/County_Louth "County Louth"), southern and western [County Down](/wiki/County_Down "County Down"), and from March 1921 the whole of County Armagh.
Nonetheless, the local IRA's inaction at this time did not end the bloodshed in [South Armagh](/wiki/County_Armagh "County Armagh"). Aiken has been accused by [unionists](/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland "Unionism in Ireland") of [ethnic cleansing](/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing "Ethnic cleansing") of Protestants from parts of South Armagh, Newry and other areas of the north.{{cite web \|url\=http://www.victims.org.uk/altnaveigh.html \|title\=Families Acting for Innocent Relatives (FAIR) \|website\=Victims.org.uk \|date\=2008\-02\-08 \|access\-date\=28 May 2017 \|archive\-date\=23 September 2016 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923215053/http://www.victims.org.uk/altnaveigh.html \|url\-status\=live }} In particular, Aiken's critics cite the killing of six Protestant civilians, on an incident called the Altnaveigh Massacre, on 17 June 1922\.{{cite web \|url\=http://www.historyireland.com/20th\-century\-contemporary\-history/frank\-aiken\-revolutionary\-statesman\-polymath/ \|title\=History Ireland \|publisher\=History Ireland \|date\=1922\-06\-17 \|access\-date\=28 May 2017 \|archive\-date\=29 October 2014 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029140231/http://www.historyireland.com/20th\-century\-contemporary\-history/frank\-aiken\-revolutionary\-statesman\-polymath/ \|url\-status\=live }} The attack was in reprisal for the Special Constabulary's killing of two nationalists near Camlough on 13 June and a sexual assault on Una McGuill, the wife of one of Aiken's friends, James McGuill.Lewis Frank Aiken's War, p.15\-151\. Cites killing of Patrick Greggan and Thomas Crawley and rape or 'attempted rape' of Mrs McGuill and her maid.[Linda Connolly, Writing women back into the history of the Irish revolution, Irish Times Feb 18, 2021](https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/to-remember-the-civil-war-we-must-recall-violence-against-women-1.4773262) Cites the rape of two women at Dromintee Co. Armagh As well as the six civilians, two Special Constables were killed in an ambush, and two weeks later a unionist politician, William Frazer, was abducted, killed and his body secretly buried. It was not found until 1924\.Pearse Lawlor, *The Outrages*, pp. 298\-300
### Civil War
After the IRA split over the [Anglo\-Irish Treaty](/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty "Anglo-Irish Treaty") in 1922, Aiken ultimately became aligned with the anti\-Treaty side in spite of personal efforts to prevent division and civil war and by remaining neutral at first. After fighting broke out between pro\- and anti\-Treaty units in [Dublin](/wiki/Dublin "Dublin") on 28 June 1922, he wrote to [Richard Mulcahy](/wiki/Richard_Mulcahy "Richard Mulcahy") on 6 July 1922 calling for a truce, the election of a new reunited IRA army council and the removal of the [Oath of Allegiance](/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_%28Ireland%29 "Oath of Allegiance (Ireland)") from the Free State constitution.Lewis, *Frank Aiken's War*, p. 174 Mulcahy was evasive, however, and said he 'could not see a way to advise the government' to agree with Aiken's proposals. Subsequently, Aiken travelled to Limerick meet with anti\-Treaty IRA leader [Liam Lynch](/wiki/Liam_Lynch_%28Irish_republican%29 "Liam Lynch (Irish republican)"), and urged him to consider a truce in return for the removal of references to the British monarch from the constitution.Lewis, *Frank Aiken's War*, pp. 174–175 Aiken later felt that without the sterling work done in support of the Treaty by [Eoin O'Duffy](/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy "Eoin O'Duffy"), aided by Mulcahy and [Eoin MacNeill](/wiki/Eoin_MacNeill "Eoin MacNeill"), civil war would have been avoided.Síobhra Aiken et al. (ed.), *The Men Will Talk to Me. Ernie O'Malley's Interviews with the Northern Divisions* (2018\), pp. 199, 207
Despite his neutrality and pleas for a negotiated end to the Civil War, Aiken was arrested by pro\-Treaty troops on 16 July 1922, under Dan Hogan and imprisoned at Dundalk Gaol along with about 200 to 300 of his men.{{Cite web \|url\=http://www.theirishstory.com/2013/08/14/today\-in\-irish\-history\-august\-14\-1922\-the\-anti\-treaty\-ira\-attack\-on\-dundalk/\#.XKy\_bth7nIU \|title\=The Irish Story, The Anti\-Treaty attack on Dundalk \|access\-date\=9 April 2019 \|archive\-date\=22 September 2021 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922193916/https://www.theirishstory.com/2013/08/14/today\-in\-irish\-history\-august\-14\-1922\-the\-anti\-treaty\-ira\-attack\-on\-dundalk/\#.XKy\_bth7nIU \|url\-status\=live }} After just ten days imprisonment, he was freed in a mass escape of 100 men from Dundalk prison on 28 July. Then, on 14 August, he led a surprise attack of between 300 and 400 anti\-treaty IRA men on Dundalk. They blew holes in the army barracks there and rapidly took control of the town at a cost of just two of his men killed. The operation freed 240 republican prisoners seizing 400 rifles. While in possession of the town, Aiken publicly called for an end to the civil war. For the remainder of the conflict he remained at large with his unit, carrying out no major attacks on Free State forces.Aiken, p. 197 Aiken was to remain unenthusiastic about the internecine struggle.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.dib.ie/biography/aiken\-francis\-thomas\-frank\-a0070\|title\=Aiken, Francis Thomas\|work\=\[\[Dictionary of Irish Biography]]\|last\=Fanning\|first\=Ronan\|access\-date\=14 February 2022}}
His son Frank Jr. recalls "I did ask him about the Civil War a little bit, but he wouldn't answer. He'd give me an answer like terrible things happen in wars and worse in civil wars."{{cite news \|title\='It was disastrous, I was wrong': 50\-year\-old tapes of interviews with Civil War veterans are made public \|url\=https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/2023/04/23/tapes\-of\-interviews\-carried\-out\-50\-years\-ago\-with\-civil\-war\-veterans\-are\-made\-public/ \|newspaper\=\[\[The Irish Times]]}}
### Chief of Staff
Aiken was with IRA leader [Liam Lynch](/wiki/Liam_Lynch_%28Irish_republican%29 "Liam Lynch (Irish republican)")'s patrol when they were ambushed at [Knockmealdown](/wiki/Knockmealdown "Knockmealdown") on 10 April 1923\. Lynch was shot and killed. Aiken rescued crucial IRA papers, "saved and brought through at any cost".Florence O'Donoghue, *No Other Law* (Dublin, 1954, 1986\) p. 305\. He succeeded Lynch as [IRA Chief of Staff](/wiki/List_of_Irish_Republican_Army_chiefs_of_staff "List of Irish Republican Army chiefs of staff") on 20 April. Always ambivalent about the war against the Free State, Aiken soon issued a letter ordering a suspension of offensive operations from 30 April.
> Department of the Chief of Staff, General Headquarters, Dublin, April 27th, 1923\.
Special Army Orders. To OCs, Commanders and Independent Brigades.
Suspension of Offensive
1\. I order to give effect to the decision of the government and Army Council embodied in attached Proclamation of this date. You will arrange the suspension of all offensive operations in your area as from now, Monday April 30th.
2\. You will ensure that while remaining on the offensive all units take adequate measures to protect themselves and their munitions.
Chief of Staff.Aiken, pp. 205–206
Aiken had remained close to [Éamon de Valera](/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera "Éamon de Valera"), who had long wanted to end the Civil War, and together the two came up with a compromise that would save the anti\-Treaty side from a formal surrender. Instead of giving up their weapons, their fighters would receive a further order to 'dump arms' and simply return home as honourable republicans. Aiken wrote: "We took up arms to free our country and we'll keep them until we see an honourable way of reaching our objective without arms".Lewis, Frank Aiken's War, p. 197
The ceasefire and dump\-arms order, issued on 24 May 1923, effectively ended the [Irish Civil War](/wiki/Irish_Civil_War "Irish Civil War"), though the Free State government did not issue a general amnesty until the following year. Aiken remained IRA Chief of Staff until 12 November 1925\. That summer the IRA sent a delegation led by Pa Murray to the [Soviet Union](/wiki/Soviet_Union "Soviet Union") for a personal meeting with [Joseph Stalin](/wiki/Joseph_Stalin "Joseph Stalin"), in the hope of gaining Soviet finance and weaponry assistance.{{cite news\|url\=http://www.historyireland.com/20th\-century\-contemporary\-history/the\-secret\-ira\-soviet\-agreement\-1925/\|publisher\=\[\[History Ireland]]\|title\=The secret IRA–Soviet agreement, 1925\|date\=8 February 2015\|access\-date\=10 March 2015\|archive\-date\=2 April 2015\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402090123/http://www.historyireland.com/20th\-century\-contemporary\-history/the\-secret\-ira\-soviet\-agreement\-1925/\|url\-status\=live}} A secret pact was agreed whereby the IRA would spy on the [United States](/wiki/United_States "United States") and the [United Kingdom](/wiki/United_Kingdom "United Kingdom"), and pass information to [Red Army](/wiki/Red_Army "Red Army") military intelligence in [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") and [London](/wiki/London "London") in return for £500 a month. The pact was originally approved by Aiken, who left his position as chief of staff soon after. He was succeeded by [Andrew Cooney](/wiki/Andrew_Cooney_%28Irish_republican%29 "Andrew Cooney (Irish republican)") and [Moss Twomey](/wiki/Moss_Twomey "Moss Twomey"), who kept up the secret espionage relationship.
|
[
"Revolutionary period\n--------------------",
"### Irish Volunteers and IRA",
"He was elected a lieutenant in 1914 when he joined the Camlough Company of [Irish Volunteers](/wiki/Irish_Volunteers \"Irish Volunteers\") and the Gaelic League. But the northern nationalists split so they took no part in the Easter Rising. He became secretary of the local branch in 1917 and joined [Sinn Féin](/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in \"Sinn Féin\"). His sister Nano Aiken organised *[Cumann na mBan](/wiki/Cumann_na_mBan \"Cumann na mBan\")* in Newry, setting up a local branch at Camlough. While working at the Co\\-Operative Flax\\-Scutching Society, Aiken committed to speaking [Irish](/wiki/Irish_language \"Irish language\"), which he learned at the Donegal *[Gaeltacht](/wiki/Gaeltacht \"Gaeltacht\")* and Omeath Irish College.{{citation needed\\|date\\=November 2021}}",
"He first met [Éamon de Valera](/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera \"Éamon de Valera\") at the East Clare election in June 1917, riding despatches for [Austin Stack](/wiki/Austin_Stack \"Austin Stack\").M. Laffan, *Resurrection of Ireland: The Sinn Fein Party, 1916\\-1923* (Cambridge: CUP, 1999\\), p. 94 During a rowdy by\\-election at [Bessbrook](/wiki/Bessbrook \"Bessbrook\") in February 1918, Aiken was elected a captain of Volunteers, stewarding electioneering. As secretary and chairman of the South Armagh district executive (comhairle ceanntair) it was his job to be chief fund\\-raiser for the Dublin Executive, responsible for the Dáil loan masterminded by [Michael Collins](/wiki/Michael_Collins_%28Irish_leader%29 \"Michael Collins (Irish leader)\").",
"In 1917, making an outward display of defiance, Aiken raised [the republican Irish tricolor](/wiki/Flag_of_Ireland \"Flag of Ireland\"), opposite Camlough Barracks in Armagh, a move designed as deliberate provocation.University College of Dublin Archive p. 104/1309, cited by Townshend in \"The Republic\", p. 32",
"In March 1918 he was arrested by the RIC for illegal drilling — an act of open defiance that provoked a sentence of imprisonment for one month. On release that summer he joined the secretive [Irish Republican Brotherhood](/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood \"Irish Republican Brotherhood\") fighting Hibernianism in the area. By 1919 Aiken's clandestine activities mainly consisted of arms raids on dumps of the [Ulster Volunteers](/wiki/Ulster_Volunteers \"Ulster Volunteers\") who had imported weapons to resist Home Rule in 1913–14\\. As well as UVF dumps, Aiken and the Newry Brigade also raided prominent local unionist barracks at Dromilly, Ballyedmond Castle and Loughall Manor. Although they failed to capture many weapons the raids gave experience to newly recruited Volunteers.Lewis, pp. 64\\-65 Aiken was also responsible for setting up GAA Club, Gaelic League branch, a Cumann na mBan Camogie League.C. Townshend, \"The Republic: The Fight For Irish Independence\" (London 2014\\), p. 23\\. Within a few years he was Chairman of Sinn Féin in Armagh, and was also elected to Armagh County Council.",
"### War of Independence",
"Operating from the south Armagh/north Louth area, Aiken's unit was one of the most effective IRA in [Ulster](/wiki/Ulster \"Ulster\") during the [Irish War of Independence](/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence \"Irish War of Independence\"). This success is attributed primarily to Aiken's leadership and training methods.M. Lewis, 'The Newry Brigade at Independence War in Armagh and South Down', *Irish Sword* 27 (2010\\), 225–232Magennis, p. 5",
"In May 1920, he led 200 IRA men in an assault on the [RIC](/wiki/Royal_Irish_Constabulary \"Royal Irish Constabulary\") barracks in [Newtownhamilton](/wiki/Newtownhamilton \"Newtownhamilton\"), attacking the building and then burning it with paraffin spayed from a potato sprayer; however, the garrison did not surrender.Matthew Lewis, *Frank Aiken's War*, pp. 67\\-72 Aiken himself led a squad which blasted a hole in the wall of the barracks with gelignite and entered through it, exchanging shots with the policemen inside.Lewis, pp. 90\\-91",
"At a sports event in Cullyhanna in June 1920, Aiken led a group of three men that demanded that three RIC men hand over their weapons. Shooting broke out and one man on each side was killed.",
"In July, he was almost killed at [Banbridge](/wiki/Banbridge \"Banbridge\"). While riding a motorcycle to Lurgan he was chased by an angry mob.*Newry Reporter*, 23, 27 July 1920; Eoin Magennis, *Frank Aiken: Earl Life*, p. 11",
"In December 1920, he led another assault, this time abortive, on the RIC station in his home village of Camlough. In reprisal, the newly formed [Ulster Special Constabulary](/wiki/Ulster_Special_Constabulary \"Ulster Special Constabulary\") burned Aiken's home and those of ten of his relatives in the Camlough area. They also arrested and killed two local republicans. From this point onward, the conflict in the area took on an increasingly bitter and [sectarian](/wiki/Sectarian \"Sectarian\") quality. Aiken tried on a number of occasions to ambush USC patrols from the ruins of his family home.Lewis, pp. 71\\-72",
"In April 1921, Aiken's men mounted an operation in [Creggan, County Armagh](/wiki/Creggan%2C_County_Armagh \"Creggan, County Armagh\") to ambush the police and Special Constabulary. One Special constable was killed in the ensuing firefight. Some accounts have reported that Aiken took the Protestant Church congregation in the village hostage to lure the Specials out onto the road.Toby Harnden, *Bandit Country, The IRA and South Armagh* (1999\\), pp. 127\\-128 However, Mathew Lewis states that both Catholic and Protestant churchgoers were held in a pub to prevent their getting caught in the crossfire.Lewis, pp. 78\\-79 Nevertheless, sectarian bitterness deepened in the area. The following month, the Special Constabulary started shooting Catholic civilians in revenge for IRA attacks.",
"In June 1921, Aiken organised his most successful attack yet on the British military, when his men derailed a British troop train heading from Belfast to Dublin, killing the train guard, three cavalry soldiers and 63 horses.{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.burnsmoley.com/pages/area/fourth.php \\|title\\=South Armagh History – The 4th Northern Division \\|access\\-date\\=19 April 2008 \\|publisher\\=Sinn Féin Cumann South Armagh \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212124228/http://www.burnsmoley.com/pages/area/fourth.php \\|archive\\-date\\=12 February 2008 }} Shortly afterwards, the Specials took four Catholics from their homes in Bessbrook and Altnaveigh, shooting them dead.",
"After an IRA reorganisation in April 1921, Aiken was put in command of the Fourth Northern Division of the IRA.C. Townshend, *The Republic: The Fight For Irish Independence* (2014\\), p. 457 The cycle of violence in south\\-east Ulster area continued the following year, despite a formal truce with the British from 11 July 1921 (see [The Troubles in Ulster (1920–1922\\)](/wiki/The_Troubles_in_Ulster_%281920%E2%80%931922%29 \"The Troubles in Ulster (1920–1922)\")). [Michael Collins](/wiki/Michael_Collins_%28Irish_leader%29 \"Michael Collins (Irish leader)\") organised a clandestine guerrilla offensive against the newly created [Northern Ireland](/wiki/Northern_Ireland \"Northern Ireland\") State. In May 1922, for reasons that have never been properly determined, Aiken and his Fourth Northern Division never took part in the operation, although it was planned that they would.",
"Aiken remained Head of the Ulster Council Command, however. He was quickly promoted through the ranks, rising to commandant of Newry Brigade and eventually commander of 4th Northern Division from spring 1921\\. The IRA units he would eventually command extended from [County Louth](/wiki/County_Louth \"County Louth\"), southern and western [County Down](/wiki/County_Down \"County Down\"), and from March 1921 the whole of County Armagh.",
"Nonetheless, the local IRA's inaction at this time did not end the bloodshed in [South Armagh](/wiki/County_Armagh \"County Armagh\"). Aiken has been accused by [unionists](/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland \"Unionism in Ireland\") of [ethnic cleansing](/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing \"Ethnic cleansing\") of Protestants from parts of South Armagh, Newry and other areas of the north.{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.victims.org.uk/altnaveigh.html \\|title\\=Families Acting for Innocent Relatives (FAIR) \\|website\\=Victims.org.uk \\|date\\=2008\\-02\\-08 \\|access\\-date\\=28 May 2017 \\|archive\\-date\\=23 September 2016 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923215053/http://www.victims.org.uk/altnaveigh.html \\|url\\-status\\=live }} In particular, Aiken's critics cite the killing of six Protestant civilians, on an incident called the Altnaveigh Massacre, on 17 June 1922\\.{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.historyireland.com/20th\\-century\\-contemporary\\-history/frank\\-aiken\\-revolutionary\\-statesman\\-polymath/ \\|title\\=History Ireland \\|publisher\\=History Ireland \\|date\\=1922\\-06\\-17 \\|access\\-date\\=28 May 2017 \\|archive\\-date\\=29 October 2014 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029140231/http://www.historyireland.com/20th\\-century\\-contemporary\\-history/frank\\-aiken\\-revolutionary\\-statesman\\-polymath/ \\|url\\-status\\=live }} The attack was in reprisal for the Special Constabulary's killing of two nationalists near Camlough on 13 June and a sexual assault on Una McGuill, the wife of one of Aiken's friends, James McGuill.Lewis Frank Aiken's War, p.15\\-151\\. Cites killing of Patrick Greggan and Thomas Crawley and rape or 'attempted rape' of Mrs McGuill and her maid.[Linda Connolly, Writing women back into the history of the Irish revolution, Irish Times Feb 18, 2021](https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/to-remember-the-civil-war-we-must-recall-violence-against-women-1.4773262) Cites the rape of two women at Dromintee Co. Armagh As well as the six civilians, two Special Constables were killed in an ambush, and two weeks later a unionist politician, William Frazer, was abducted, killed and his body secretly buried. It was not found until 1924\\.Pearse Lawlor, *The Outrages*, pp. 298\\-300",
"### Civil War",
"After the IRA split over the [Anglo\\-Irish Treaty](/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty \"Anglo-Irish Treaty\") in 1922, Aiken ultimately became aligned with the anti\\-Treaty side in spite of personal efforts to prevent division and civil war and by remaining neutral at first. After fighting broke out between pro\\- and anti\\-Treaty units in [Dublin](/wiki/Dublin \"Dublin\") on 28 June 1922, he wrote to [Richard Mulcahy](/wiki/Richard_Mulcahy \"Richard Mulcahy\") on 6 July 1922 calling for a truce, the election of a new reunited IRA army council and the removal of the [Oath of Allegiance](/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_%28Ireland%29 \"Oath of Allegiance (Ireland)\") from the Free State constitution.Lewis, *Frank Aiken's War*, p. 174 Mulcahy was evasive, however, and said he 'could not see a way to advise the government' to agree with Aiken's proposals. Subsequently, Aiken travelled to Limerick meet with anti\\-Treaty IRA leader [Liam Lynch](/wiki/Liam_Lynch_%28Irish_republican%29 \"Liam Lynch (Irish republican)\"), and urged him to consider a truce in return for the removal of references to the British monarch from the constitution.Lewis, *Frank Aiken's War*, pp. 174–175 Aiken later felt that without the sterling work done in support of the Treaty by [Eoin O'Duffy](/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy \"Eoin O'Duffy\"), aided by Mulcahy and [Eoin MacNeill](/wiki/Eoin_MacNeill \"Eoin MacNeill\"), civil war would have been avoided.Síobhra Aiken et al. (ed.), *The Men Will Talk to Me. Ernie O'Malley's Interviews with the Northern Divisions* (2018\\), pp. 199, 207",
"Despite his neutrality and pleas for a negotiated end to the Civil War, Aiken was arrested by pro\\-Treaty troops on 16 July 1922, under Dan Hogan and imprisoned at Dundalk Gaol along with about 200 to 300 of his men.{{Cite web \\|url\\=http://www.theirishstory.com/2013/08/14/today\\-in\\-irish\\-history\\-august\\-14\\-1922\\-the\\-anti\\-treaty\\-ira\\-attack\\-on\\-dundalk/\\#.XKy\\_bth7nIU \\|title\\=The Irish Story, The Anti\\-Treaty attack on Dundalk \\|access\\-date\\=9 April 2019 \\|archive\\-date\\=22 September 2021 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922193916/https://www.theirishstory.com/2013/08/14/today\\-in\\-irish\\-history\\-august\\-14\\-1922\\-the\\-anti\\-treaty\\-ira\\-attack\\-on\\-dundalk/\\#.XKy\\_bth7nIU \\|url\\-status\\=live }} After just ten days imprisonment, he was freed in a mass escape of 100 men from Dundalk prison on 28 July. Then, on 14 August, he led a surprise attack of between 300 and 400 anti\\-treaty IRA men on Dundalk. They blew holes in the army barracks there and rapidly took control of the town at a cost of just two of his men killed. The operation freed 240 republican prisoners seizing 400 rifles. While in possession of the town, Aiken publicly called for an end to the civil war. For the remainder of the conflict he remained at large with his unit, carrying out no major attacks on Free State forces.Aiken, p. 197 Aiken was to remain unenthusiastic about the internecine struggle.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.dib.ie/biography/aiken\\-francis\\-thomas\\-frank\\-a0070\\|title\\=Aiken, Francis Thomas\\|work\\=\\[\\[Dictionary of Irish Biography]]\\|last\\=Fanning\\|first\\=Ronan\\|access\\-date\\=14 February 2022}}",
"His son Frank Jr. recalls \"I did ask him about the Civil War a little bit, but he wouldn't answer. He'd give me an answer like terrible things happen in wars and worse in civil wars.\"{{cite news \\|title\\='It was disastrous, I was wrong': 50\\-year\\-old tapes of interviews with Civil War veterans are made public \\|url\\=https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/2023/04/23/tapes\\-of\\-interviews\\-carried\\-out\\-50\\-years\\-ago\\-with\\-civil\\-war\\-veterans\\-are\\-made\\-public/ \\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Irish Times]]}}",
"### Chief of Staff",
"Aiken was with IRA leader [Liam Lynch](/wiki/Liam_Lynch_%28Irish_republican%29 \"Liam Lynch (Irish republican)\")'s patrol when they were ambushed at [Knockmealdown](/wiki/Knockmealdown \"Knockmealdown\") on 10 April 1923\\. Lynch was shot and killed. Aiken rescued crucial IRA papers, \"saved and brought through at any cost\".Florence O'Donoghue, *No Other Law* (Dublin, 1954, 1986\\) p. 305\\. He succeeded Lynch as [IRA Chief of Staff](/wiki/List_of_Irish_Republican_Army_chiefs_of_staff \"List of Irish Republican Army chiefs of staff\") on 20 April. Always ambivalent about the war against the Free State, Aiken soon issued a letter ordering a suspension of offensive operations from 30 April.\n> Department of the Chief of Staff, General Headquarters, Dublin, April 27th, 1923\\.",
"",
"Special Army Orders. To OCs, Commanders and Independent Brigades.\nSuspension of Offensive\n1\\. I order to give effect to the decision of the government and Army Council embodied in attached Proclamation of this date. You will arrange the suspension of all offensive operations in your area as from now, Monday April 30th.\n2\\. You will ensure that while remaining on the offensive all units take adequate measures to protect themselves and their munitions.\nChief of Staff.Aiken, pp. 205–206\nAiken had remained close to [Éamon de Valera](/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera \"Éamon de Valera\"), who had long wanted to end the Civil War, and together the two came up with a compromise that would save the anti\\-Treaty side from a formal surrender. Instead of giving up their weapons, their fighters would receive a further order to 'dump arms' and simply return home as honourable republicans. Aiken wrote: \"We took up arms to free our country and we'll keep them until we see an honourable way of reaching our objective without arms\".Lewis, Frank Aiken's War, p. 197",
"The ceasefire and dump\\-arms order, issued on 24 May 1923, effectively ended the [Irish Civil War](/wiki/Irish_Civil_War \"Irish Civil War\"), though the Free State government did not issue a general amnesty until the following year. Aiken remained IRA Chief of Staff until 12 November 1925\\. That summer the IRA sent a delegation led by Pa Murray to the [Soviet Union](/wiki/Soviet_Union \"Soviet Union\") for a personal meeting with [Joseph Stalin](/wiki/Joseph_Stalin \"Joseph Stalin\"), in the hope of gaining Soviet finance and weaponry assistance.{{cite news\\|url\\=http://www.historyireland.com/20th\\-century\\-contemporary\\-history/the\\-secret\\-ira\\-soviet\\-agreement\\-1925/\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[History Ireland]]\\|title\\=The secret IRA–Soviet agreement, 1925\\|date\\=8 February 2015\\|access\\-date\\=10 March 2015\\|archive\\-date\\=2 April 2015\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402090123/http://www.historyireland.com/20th\\-century\\-contemporary\\-history/the\\-secret\\-ira\\-soviet\\-agreement\\-1925/\\|url\\-status\\=live}} A secret pact was agreed whereby the IRA would spy on the [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\") and the [United Kingdom](/wiki/United_Kingdom \"United Kingdom\"), and pass information to [Red Army](/wiki/Red_Army \"Red Army\") military intelligence in [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\") and [London](/wiki/London \"London\") in return for £500 a month. The pact was originally approved by Aiken, who left his position as chief of staff soon after. He was succeeded by [Andrew Cooney](/wiki/Andrew_Cooney_%28Irish_republican%29 \"Andrew Cooney (Irish republican)\") and [Moss Twomey](/wiki/Moss_Twomey \"Moss Twomey\"), who kept up the secret espionage relationship.",
""
] |
### War of Independence
Operating from the south Armagh/north Louth area, Aiken's unit was one of the most effective IRA in [Ulster](/wiki/Ulster "Ulster") during the [Irish War of Independence](/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence "Irish War of Independence"). This success is attributed primarily to Aiken's leadership and training methods.M. Lewis, 'The Newry Brigade at Independence War in Armagh and South Down', *Irish Sword* 27 (2010\), 225–232Magennis, p. 5
In May 1920, he led 200 IRA men in an assault on the [RIC](/wiki/Royal_Irish_Constabulary "Royal Irish Constabulary") barracks in [Newtownhamilton](/wiki/Newtownhamilton "Newtownhamilton"), attacking the building and then burning it with paraffin spayed from a potato sprayer; however, the garrison did not surrender.Matthew Lewis, *Frank Aiken's War*, pp. 67\-72 Aiken himself led a squad which blasted a hole in the wall of the barracks with gelignite and entered through it, exchanging shots with the policemen inside.Lewis, pp. 90\-91
At a sports event in Cullyhanna in June 1920, Aiken led a group of three men that demanded that three RIC men hand over their weapons. Shooting broke out and one man on each side was killed.
In July, he was almost killed at [Banbridge](/wiki/Banbridge "Banbridge"). While riding a motorcycle to Lurgan he was chased by an angry mob.*Newry Reporter*, 23, 27 July 1920; Eoin Magennis, *Frank Aiken: Earl Life*, p. 11
In December 1920, he led another assault, this time abortive, on the RIC station in his home village of Camlough. In reprisal, the newly formed [Ulster Special Constabulary](/wiki/Ulster_Special_Constabulary "Ulster Special Constabulary") burned Aiken's home and those of ten of his relatives in the Camlough area. They also arrested and killed two local republicans. From this point onward, the conflict in the area took on an increasingly bitter and [sectarian](/wiki/Sectarian "Sectarian") quality. Aiken tried on a number of occasions to ambush USC patrols from the ruins of his family home.Lewis, pp. 71\-72
In April 1921, Aiken's men mounted an operation in [Creggan, County Armagh](/wiki/Creggan%2C_County_Armagh "Creggan, County Armagh") to ambush the police and Special Constabulary. One Special constable was killed in the ensuing firefight. Some accounts have reported that Aiken took the Protestant Church congregation in the village hostage to lure the Specials out onto the road.Toby Harnden, *Bandit Country, The IRA and South Armagh* (1999\), pp. 127\-128 However, Mathew Lewis states that both Catholic and Protestant churchgoers were held in a pub to prevent their getting caught in the crossfire.Lewis, pp. 78\-79 Nevertheless, sectarian bitterness deepened in the area. The following month, the Special Constabulary started shooting Catholic civilians in revenge for IRA attacks.
In June 1921, Aiken organised his most successful attack yet on the British military, when his men derailed a British troop train heading from Belfast to Dublin, killing the train guard, three cavalry soldiers and 63 horses.{{cite web \|url\=http://www.burnsmoley.com/pages/area/fourth.php \|title\=South Armagh History – The 4th Northern Division \|access\-date\=19 April 2008 \|publisher\=Sinn Féin Cumann South Armagh \|url\-status\=dead \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212124228/http://www.burnsmoley.com/pages/area/fourth.php \|archive\-date\=12 February 2008 }} Shortly afterwards, the Specials took four Catholics from their homes in Bessbrook and Altnaveigh, shooting them dead.
After an IRA reorganisation in April 1921, Aiken was put in command of the Fourth Northern Division of the IRA.C. Townshend, *The Republic: The Fight For Irish Independence* (2014\), p. 457 The cycle of violence in south\-east Ulster area continued the following year, despite a formal truce with the British from 11 July 1921 (see [The Troubles in Ulster (1920–1922\)](/wiki/The_Troubles_in_Ulster_%281920%E2%80%931922%29 "The Troubles in Ulster (1920–1922)")). [Michael Collins](/wiki/Michael_Collins_%28Irish_leader%29 "Michael Collins (Irish leader)") organised a clandestine guerrilla offensive against the newly created [Northern Ireland](/wiki/Northern_Ireland "Northern Ireland") State. In May 1922, for reasons that have never been properly determined, Aiken and his Fourth Northern Division never took part in the operation, although it was planned that they would.
Aiken remained Head of the Ulster Council Command, however. He was quickly promoted through the ranks, rising to commandant of Newry Brigade and eventually commander of 4th Northern Division from spring 1921\. The IRA units he would eventually command extended from [County Louth](/wiki/County_Louth "County Louth"), southern and western [County Down](/wiki/County_Down "County Down"), and from March 1921 the whole of County Armagh.
Nonetheless, the local IRA's inaction at this time did not end the bloodshed in [South Armagh](/wiki/County_Armagh "County Armagh"). Aiken has been accused by [unionists](/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland "Unionism in Ireland") of [ethnic cleansing](/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing "Ethnic cleansing") of Protestants from parts of South Armagh, Newry and other areas of the north.{{cite web \|url\=http://www.victims.org.uk/altnaveigh.html \|title\=Families Acting for Innocent Relatives (FAIR) \|website\=Victims.org.uk \|date\=2008\-02\-08 \|access\-date\=28 May 2017 \|archive\-date\=23 September 2016 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923215053/http://www.victims.org.uk/altnaveigh.html \|url\-status\=live }} In particular, Aiken's critics cite the killing of six Protestant civilians, on an incident called the Altnaveigh Massacre, on 17 June 1922\.{{cite web \|url\=http://www.historyireland.com/20th\-century\-contemporary\-history/frank\-aiken\-revolutionary\-statesman\-polymath/ \|title\=History Ireland \|publisher\=History Ireland \|date\=1922\-06\-17 \|access\-date\=28 May 2017 \|archive\-date\=29 October 2014 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029140231/http://www.historyireland.com/20th\-century\-contemporary\-history/frank\-aiken\-revolutionary\-statesman\-polymath/ \|url\-status\=live }} The attack was in reprisal for the Special Constabulary's killing of two nationalists near Camlough on 13 June and a sexual assault on Una McGuill, the wife of one of Aiken's friends, James McGuill.Lewis Frank Aiken's War, p.15\-151\. Cites killing of Patrick Greggan and Thomas Crawley and rape or 'attempted rape' of Mrs McGuill and her maid.[Linda Connolly, Writing women back into the history of the Irish revolution, Irish Times Feb 18, 2021](https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/to-remember-the-civil-war-we-must-recall-violence-against-women-1.4773262) Cites the rape of two women at Dromintee Co. Armagh As well as the six civilians, two Special Constables were killed in an ambush, and two weeks later a unionist politician, William Frazer, was abducted, killed and his body secretly buried. It was not found until 1924\.Pearse Lawlor, *The Outrages*, pp. 298\-300
|
[
"### War of Independence",
"Operating from the south Armagh/north Louth area, Aiken's unit was one of the most effective IRA in [Ulster](/wiki/Ulster \"Ulster\") during the [Irish War of Independence](/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence \"Irish War of Independence\"). This success is attributed primarily to Aiken's leadership and training methods.M. Lewis, 'The Newry Brigade at Independence War in Armagh and South Down', *Irish Sword* 27 (2010\\), 225–232Magennis, p. 5",
"In May 1920, he led 200 IRA men in an assault on the [RIC](/wiki/Royal_Irish_Constabulary \"Royal Irish Constabulary\") barracks in [Newtownhamilton](/wiki/Newtownhamilton \"Newtownhamilton\"), attacking the building and then burning it with paraffin spayed from a potato sprayer; however, the garrison did not surrender.Matthew Lewis, *Frank Aiken's War*, pp. 67\\-72 Aiken himself led a squad which blasted a hole in the wall of the barracks with gelignite and entered through it, exchanging shots with the policemen inside.Lewis, pp. 90\\-91",
"At a sports event in Cullyhanna in June 1920, Aiken led a group of three men that demanded that three RIC men hand over their weapons. Shooting broke out and one man on each side was killed.",
"In July, he was almost killed at [Banbridge](/wiki/Banbridge \"Banbridge\"). While riding a motorcycle to Lurgan he was chased by an angry mob.*Newry Reporter*, 23, 27 July 1920; Eoin Magennis, *Frank Aiken: Earl Life*, p. 11",
"In December 1920, he led another assault, this time abortive, on the RIC station in his home village of Camlough. In reprisal, the newly formed [Ulster Special Constabulary](/wiki/Ulster_Special_Constabulary \"Ulster Special Constabulary\") burned Aiken's home and those of ten of his relatives in the Camlough area. They also arrested and killed two local republicans. From this point onward, the conflict in the area took on an increasingly bitter and [sectarian](/wiki/Sectarian \"Sectarian\") quality. Aiken tried on a number of occasions to ambush USC patrols from the ruins of his family home.Lewis, pp. 71\\-72",
"In April 1921, Aiken's men mounted an operation in [Creggan, County Armagh](/wiki/Creggan%2C_County_Armagh \"Creggan, County Armagh\") to ambush the police and Special Constabulary. One Special constable was killed in the ensuing firefight. Some accounts have reported that Aiken took the Protestant Church congregation in the village hostage to lure the Specials out onto the road.Toby Harnden, *Bandit Country, The IRA and South Armagh* (1999\\), pp. 127\\-128 However, Mathew Lewis states that both Catholic and Protestant churchgoers were held in a pub to prevent their getting caught in the crossfire.Lewis, pp. 78\\-79 Nevertheless, sectarian bitterness deepened in the area. The following month, the Special Constabulary started shooting Catholic civilians in revenge for IRA attacks.",
"In June 1921, Aiken organised his most successful attack yet on the British military, when his men derailed a British troop train heading from Belfast to Dublin, killing the train guard, three cavalry soldiers and 63 horses.{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.burnsmoley.com/pages/area/fourth.php \\|title\\=South Armagh History – The 4th Northern Division \\|access\\-date\\=19 April 2008 \\|publisher\\=Sinn Féin Cumann South Armagh \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212124228/http://www.burnsmoley.com/pages/area/fourth.php \\|archive\\-date\\=12 February 2008 }} Shortly afterwards, the Specials took four Catholics from their homes in Bessbrook and Altnaveigh, shooting them dead.",
"After an IRA reorganisation in April 1921, Aiken was put in command of the Fourth Northern Division of the IRA.C. Townshend, *The Republic: The Fight For Irish Independence* (2014\\), p. 457 The cycle of violence in south\\-east Ulster area continued the following year, despite a formal truce with the British from 11 July 1921 (see [The Troubles in Ulster (1920–1922\\)](/wiki/The_Troubles_in_Ulster_%281920%E2%80%931922%29 \"The Troubles in Ulster (1920–1922)\")). [Michael Collins](/wiki/Michael_Collins_%28Irish_leader%29 \"Michael Collins (Irish leader)\") organised a clandestine guerrilla offensive against the newly created [Northern Ireland](/wiki/Northern_Ireland \"Northern Ireland\") State. In May 1922, for reasons that have never been properly determined, Aiken and his Fourth Northern Division never took part in the operation, although it was planned that they would.",
"Aiken remained Head of the Ulster Council Command, however. He was quickly promoted through the ranks, rising to commandant of Newry Brigade and eventually commander of 4th Northern Division from spring 1921\\. The IRA units he would eventually command extended from [County Louth](/wiki/County_Louth \"County Louth\"), southern and western [County Down](/wiki/County_Down \"County Down\"), and from March 1921 the whole of County Armagh.",
"Nonetheless, the local IRA's inaction at this time did not end the bloodshed in [South Armagh](/wiki/County_Armagh \"County Armagh\"). Aiken has been accused by [unionists](/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland \"Unionism in Ireland\") of [ethnic cleansing](/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing \"Ethnic cleansing\") of Protestants from parts of South Armagh, Newry and other areas of the north.{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.victims.org.uk/altnaveigh.html \\|title\\=Families Acting for Innocent Relatives (FAIR) \\|website\\=Victims.org.uk \\|date\\=2008\\-02\\-08 \\|access\\-date\\=28 May 2017 \\|archive\\-date\\=23 September 2016 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923215053/http://www.victims.org.uk/altnaveigh.html \\|url\\-status\\=live }} In particular, Aiken's critics cite the killing of six Protestant civilians, on an incident called the Altnaveigh Massacre, on 17 June 1922\\.{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.historyireland.com/20th\\-century\\-contemporary\\-history/frank\\-aiken\\-revolutionary\\-statesman\\-polymath/ \\|title\\=History Ireland \\|publisher\\=History Ireland \\|date\\=1922\\-06\\-17 \\|access\\-date\\=28 May 2017 \\|archive\\-date\\=29 October 2014 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029140231/http://www.historyireland.com/20th\\-century\\-contemporary\\-history/frank\\-aiken\\-revolutionary\\-statesman\\-polymath/ \\|url\\-status\\=live }} The attack was in reprisal for the Special Constabulary's killing of two nationalists near Camlough on 13 June and a sexual assault on Una McGuill, the wife of one of Aiken's friends, James McGuill.Lewis Frank Aiken's War, p.15\\-151\\. Cites killing of Patrick Greggan and Thomas Crawley and rape or 'attempted rape' of Mrs McGuill and her maid.[Linda Connolly, Writing women back into the history of the Irish revolution, Irish Times Feb 18, 2021](https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/to-remember-the-civil-war-we-must-recall-violence-against-women-1.4773262) Cites the rape of two women at Dromintee Co. Armagh As well as the six civilians, two Special Constables were killed in an ambush, and two weeks later a unionist politician, William Frazer, was abducted, killed and his body secretly buried. It was not found until 1924\\.Pearse Lawlor, *The Outrages*, pp. 298\\-300",
""
] |
Career in the Ottoman Navy
--------------------------
In 1529, commanding a force of 14 [galliots](/wiki/Galliot "Galliot"), Salah Rais assaulted the Gulf of [Valencia](/wiki/Valencia%2C_Spain "Valencia, Spain") before joining the fleet of Aydın Reis which took part in the Turkish\-Spanish War near the Isle of [Formentera](/wiki/Formentera "Formentera"), where the Ottoman forces destroyed the Spanish fleet, whose commander, Rodrigo de Portuondo, died in combat. During the war, Salah Rais captured the galley of Captain Tortosa and took the son of Admiral Portundo, the Spanish commander, as a prisoner of war.
The Ottoman Sultan [Suleiman the Magnificent](/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent "Suleiman the Magnificent") summoned [Barbarossa](/wiki/Barbarossa_%28Ottoman_admiral%29 "Barbarossa (Ottoman admiral)") to [Constantinople](/wiki/Constantinople "Constantinople"), who set sail in August 1532, with Salah Rais as an officer in his fleet. Having raided [Sardinia](/wiki/Sardinia "Sardinia"), [Bonifacio](/wiki/Bonifacio%2C_Corse-du-Sud "Bonifacio, Corse-du-Sud") in Corsica, the Islands of [Montecristo](/wiki/Montecristo "Montecristo"), [Elba](/wiki/Elba "Elba") and [Lampedusa](/wiki/Lampedusa "Lampedusa"), the fleet captured 18 galleys near [Messina](/wiki/Messina "Messina") and learned from the captured prisoners that [Andrea Doria](/wiki/Andrea_Doria "Andrea Doria"), the [Genoese](/wiki/Genoa "Genoa") admiral in the service of the [Emperor Charles V](/wiki/Charles_V%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor"), was on his way to [Preveza](/wiki/Preveza "Preveza"). Barbarossa proceeded to raid the nearby coasts of [Calabria](/wiki/Calabria "Calabria") and then sailed towards Preveza. Doria's forces fled after a short battle, but only after Barbarossa, accompanied by Salah Rais and [Murat Reis](/wiki/Murat_Reis_the_Older "Murat Reis the Older"), had captured seven of their galleys. Barbarossa arrived at Preveza with a total of 44 galleys, but sent 25 of them back to Algiers and headed to Constantinople with 19 ships, one of which was commanded by Salah Rais, who, along with Murat Reis, was one of the 19 men received by Suleiman the Magnificent at [Topkapı Palace](/wiki/Topkap%C4%B1_Palace "Topkapı Palace"). Suleiman appointed Barbarossa *Kaptan\-ı Derya* (Admiral of the Fleet) of the Ottoman Navy and *[Beylerbeyi](/wiki/Beylerbey "Beylerbey")* (Governor General) of North Africa. Barbarossa was also given the government of the [Sanjak](/wiki/Sanjak "Sanjak") (Province) of [Rhodes](/wiki/Rhodes "Rhodes") and those of [Euboea](/wiki/Euboea "Euboea") and [Chios](/wiki/Chios "Chios") in the Aegean Sea. Salah Rais, on the other hand, was promoted to the rank of [Commodore](/wiki/Commodore_%28rank%29 "Commodore (rank)").
In 1533 Barbarossa and Salah Rais operated together against the Spanish\-controlled ports in the [Mediterranean Sea](/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea "Mediterranean Sea").
In July 1535 Salah Rais was appointed by Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha for the task of defending [Tunis](/wiki/Tunis "Tunis"). Accompanied by Cafer Reis and very few Turkish soldiers, Salah Rais encountered the forces of Girolamo Tuttavilla, Count of [Sarno](/wiki/Sarno "Sarno"), whose fortress was near the city walls of [La Goulette](/wiki/La_Goulette "La Goulette"). Salah Rais pretended to retreat and eventually routed and trapped the forces of Tuttavilla, who followed him. Tuttavilla was killed in combat, and his fortress was captured by the Turks. Still in July 1535, Salah Rais assisted Hasan Reis (later Hasan Pasha), the son of Barbarossa, in governing Algiers. In 1536 Barbarossa and Salah Rais were called back to [Constantinople](/wiki/Constantinople "Constantinople") to take command of the Ottoman naval attack on the Habsburg [Kingdom of Naples](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples "Kingdom of Naples"). In July 1537 the Turks landed at [Otranto](/wiki/Otranto "Otranto") and captured the city, as well as the Fortress of Castro and the city of [Ugento](/wiki/Ugento "Ugento") in [Apulia](/wiki/Apulia "Apulia").
In August 1537, Lütfi Pasha and Barbarossa led a huge Ottoman force, in which Salah Rais also took part, that captured the Aegean and Ionian islands belonging to the [Republic of Venice](/wiki/Republic_of_Venice "Republic of Venice"), namely [Syros](/wiki/Syros "Syros"), [Aegina](/wiki/Aegina "Aegina"), [Ios](/wiki/Ios_%28island%29 "Ios (island)"), [Paros](/wiki/Paros "Paros"), [Tinos](/wiki/Tinos "Tinos"), [Karpathos](/wiki/Karpathos "Karpathos"), [Kasos](/wiki/Kasos "Kasos") and [Naxos](/wiki/Naxos_Island "Naxos Island"). In the same year Barbarossa captured [Corfu](/wiki/Corfu "Corfu") from Venice and once again raided [Calabria](/wiki/Calabria "Calabria"). These losses caused Venice to ask [Pope Paul III](/wiki/Pope_Paul_III "Pope Paul III") to organize a [Holy League](/wiki/Holy_League_%281538%29 "Holy League (1538)") against the Ottomans.
|
[
"Career in the Ottoman Navy\n--------------------------",
"In 1529, commanding a force of 14 [galliots](/wiki/Galliot \"Galliot\"), Salah Rais assaulted the Gulf of [Valencia](/wiki/Valencia%2C_Spain \"Valencia, Spain\") before joining the fleet of Aydın Reis which took part in the Turkish\\-Spanish War near the Isle of [Formentera](/wiki/Formentera \"Formentera\"), where the Ottoman forces destroyed the Spanish fleet, whose commander, Rodrigo de Portuondo, died in combat. During the war, Salah Rais captured the galley of Captain Tortosa and took the son of Admiral Portundo, the Spanish commander, as a prisoner of war.",
"The Ottoman Sultan [Suleiman the Magnificent](/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent \"Suleiman the Magnificent\") summoned [Barbarossa](/wiki/Barbarossa_%28Ottoman_admiral%29 \"Barbarossa (Ottoman admiral)\") to [Constantinople](/wiki/Constantinople \"Constantinople\"), who set sail in August 1532, with Salah Rais as an officer in his fleet. Having raided [Sardinia](/wiki/Sardinia \"Sardinia\"), [Bonifacio](/wiki/Bonifacio%2C_Corse-du-Sud \"Bonifacio, Corse-du-Sud\") in Corsica, the Islands of [Montecristo](/wiki/Montecristo \"Montecristo\"), [Elba](/wiki/Elba \"Elba\") and [Lampedusa](/wiki/Lampedusa \"Lampedusa\"), the fleet captured 18 galleys near [Messina](/wiki/Messina \"Messina\") and learned from the captured prisoners that [Andrea Doria](/wiki/Andrea_Doria \"Andrea Doria\"), the [Genoese](/wiki/Genoa \"Genoa\") admiral in the service of the [Emperor Charles V](/wiki/Charles_V%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor \"Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor\"), was on his way to [Preveza](/wiki/Preveza \"Preveza\"). Barbarossa proceeded to raid the nearby coasts of [Calabria](/wiki/Calabria \"Calabria\") and then sailed towards Preveza. Doria's forces fled after a short battle, but only after Barbarossa, accompanied by Salah Rais and [Murat Reis](/wiki/Murat_Reis_the_Older \"Murat Reis the Older\"), had captured seven of their galleys. Barbarossa arrived at Preveza with a total of 44 galleys, but sent 25 of them back to Algiers and headed to Constantinople with 19 ships, one of which was commanded by Salah Rais, who, along with Murat Reis, was one of the 19 men received by Suleiman the Magnificent at [Topkapı Palace](/wiki/Topkap%C4%B1_Palace \"Topkapı Palace\"). Suleiman appointed Barbarossa *Kaptan\\-ı Derya* (Admiral of the Fleet) of the Ottoman Navy and *[Beylerbeyi](/wiki/Beylerbey \"Beylerbey\")* (Governor General) of North Africa. Barbarossa was also given the government of the [Sanjak](/wiki/Sanjak \"Sanjak\") (Province) of [Rhodes](/wiki/Rhodes \"Rhodes\") and those of [Euboea](/wiki/Euboea \"Euboea\") and [Chios](/wiki/Chios \"Chios\") in the Aegean Sea. Salah Rais, on the other hand, was promoted to the rank of [Commodore](/wiki/Commodore_%28rank%29 \"Commodore (rank)\").",
"In 1533 Barbarossa and Salah Rais operated together against the Spanish\\-controlled ports in the [Mediterranean Sea](/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea \"Mediterranean Sea\").",
"In July 1535 Salah Rais was appointed by Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha for the task of defending [Tunis](/wiki/Tunis \"Tunis\"). Accompanied by Cafer Reis and very few Turkish soldiers, Salah Rais encountered the forces of Girolamo Tuttavilla, Count of [Sarno](/wiki/Sarno \"Sarno\"), whose fortress was near the city walls of [La Goulette](/wiki/La_Goulette \"La Goulette\"). Salah Rais pretended to retreat and eventually routed and trapped the forces of Tuttavilla, who followed him. Tuttavilla was killed in combat, and his fortress was captured by the Turks. Still in July 1535, Salah Rais assisted Hasan Reis (later Hasan Pasha), the son of Barbarossa, in governing Algiers. In 1536 Barbarossa and Salah Rais were called back to [Constantinople](/wiki/Constantinople \"Constantinople\") to take command of the Ottoman naval attack on the Habsburg [Kingdom of Naples](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples \"Kingdom of Naples\"). In July 1537 the Turks landed at [Otranto](/wiki/Otranto \"Otranto\") and captured the city, as well as the Fortress of Castro and the city of [Ugento](/wiki/Ugento \"Ugento\") in [Apulia](/wiki/Apulia \"Apulia\").",
"In August 1537, Lütfi Pasha and Barbarossa led a huge Ottoman force, in which Salah Rais also took part, that captured the Aegean and Ionian islands belonging to the [Republic of Venice](/wiki/Republic_of_Venice \"Republic of Venice\"), namely [Syros](/wiki/Syros \"Syros\"), [Aegina](/wiki/Aegina \"Aegina\"), [Ios](/wiki/Ios_%28island%29 \"Ios (island)\"), [Paros](/wiki/Paros \"Paros\"), [Tinos](/wiki/Tinos \"Tinos\"), [Karpathos](/wiki/Karpathos \"Karpathos\"), [Kasos](/wiki/Kasos \"Kasos\") and [Naxos](/wiki/Naxos_Island \"Naxos Island\"). In the same year Barbarossa captured [Corfu](/wiki/Corfu \"Corfu\") from Venice and once again raided [Calabria](/wiki/Calabria \"Calabria\"). These losses caused Venice to ask [Pope Paul III](/wiki/Pope_Paul_III \"Pope Paul III\") to organize a [Holy League](/wiki/Holy_League_%281538%29 \"Holy League (1538)\") against the Ottomans.",
""
] |
Competition and operations
--------------------------
### 1954 World Championships
Stan Smith and Bob Kidder flew the SGS 2\-25 in the World Soaring Championships at the [Derbyshire and Lancashire Gliding Club](/wiki/Derbyshire_and_Lancashire_Gliding_Club "Derbyshire and Lancashire Gliding Club") in [Great Hucklow](/wiki/Great_Hucklow "Great Hucklow"), [United Kingdom](/wiki/United_Kingdom "United Kingdom") held between July 20\-August 4, 1954 and finished third out of a field of nine two\-place sailplanes.
The competition was fraught with difficulties. While the US sent a full team to compete, including a manager/meteorologist and assistant manager, fund\-raising for the team was not successful and most of the team members had to pay their own way to Great Britain to compete. The contest featured the worst weather recorded in over fifty years. The contest was held over 14 days, but only four days were flyable contest days, due to the rain and low cloud. Before the contest started, the competition pilots were flown over the routes in a light aircraft to gain familiarity. The ceiling and visibility were so poor that the four pilots on board got repeatedly lost on the flight.
The contest opened with two good flying days, followed by a week of rain. By the end of the second contest day, Kidder and Smith were in second place. The third contest day saw them complete the day's best flight. Unfortunately the flight was invalid as not enough other contestants finished the task to validate it.
While landing at the end of the third day, Kidder and Smith put the 2\-25 into a small English field and it was damaged. The SGS 2\-25 could not be stopped within the confines of the field and it collided with a heavy wooden fence at the edge of the field. A heavy fence crossbeam ended up on top of the 2\-25's canopy as the sailplane slid under the fence. The fence itself did not break the canopy, but the canopy could not be opened, leaving the crew trapped in the glider. The pilots had to enlist the aid of a farmer to remove the fence beam and extract them from the aircraft.
Although slightly damaged, the 2\-25 was eventually removed from the field and loaded on its trailer. When the towing vehicle had to stop for gasoline the 2\-25's fin and rudder were damaged on a low\-hanging petrol\-filling station canopy over the pumps. This all guaranteed that the 2\-25 would not fly in the contest again and it missed the final flyable day of the competition.
### 1955 The Jetstream Project
The SGS 2\-25 was repaired at Schweizer Aircraft and put to work as part of the Jetstream Project. This was a joint [USAF](/wiki/USAF "USAF") Cambridge Research Center and [UCLA](/wiki/UCLA "UCLA") Department of Meteorology research project to gain a better understanding of [Lee waves](/wiki/Lee_waves "Lee waves") and was flown in the [Sierra Nevada](/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_%28U.S.%29 "Sierra Nevada (U.S.)") mountains of [California](/wiki/California "California").
The 2\-25 proved very useful on the project and good data were gathered from many days of wave flying, including four days where flights over 40,000 feet were made. Pressure\-jump waves were studied as part of the 1955 project.
### 1956 World Championships
The 1956 Worlds were held in [Saint\-Yan](/wiki/Saint-Yan "Saint-Yan"), [France](/wiki/France "France") and saw the SGS 2\-25 flown in the two\-place category, by Kemp Trager and Gene Miller. The team of Miller and Trager finished fourth in that contest, without damage to the 2\-25\.
### USAF use
The 2\-25 was later sold to George Arents Jr, who, after flying it for some years, donated it to the gliding program at the [United States Air Force Academy](/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy "United States Air Force Academy"). The 2\-25 served there for many years under the designation of TG\-1A. This was a new series of USAF designations and the 2\-25 should not be confused with the [Frankfort TG\-1](/wiki/Frankfort_TG-1 "Frankfort TG-1") of [Second World War](/wiki/Second_World_War "Second World War") vintage. The Frankfort TG\-1 had the same designation under an earlier military designation system. While in USAF service the 2\-25 was registered as N225AF.{{cite web\|url \= http://www.designation\-systems.net/usmilav/missing\-mds.html\|title \= "Missing" USAF/DOD Aircraft Designations\|access\-date \= 2008\-05\-26\|last \= Parsch\|first \= Andreas\|date\=January 2008}}
### Museum
The 2\-25 was donated to the [National Soaring Museum](/wiki/National_Soaring_Museum "National Soaring Museum") and is now on permanent loan to the [National Museum of the United States Air Force](/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force "National Museum of the United States Air Force") at [Wright Patterson Air Force Base](/wiki/Wright_Patterson_Air_Force_Base "Wright Patterson Air Force Base") in [Dayton, Ohio](/wiki/Dayton%2C_Ohio "Dayton, Ohio").
[Federal Aviation Administration](/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration "Federal Aviation Administration") records show the SGS 2\-25 as "destroyed" in May 2000\.{{cite web\|url \= http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNumSQL.asp?NNumbertxt\=225AF\&cmndfind.x\=0\&cmndfind.y\=0\|title \= FAA Registry\|access\-date \= 2008\-05\-26\|last \= Federal Aviation Administration\|author\-link \= Federal Aviation Administration\|date\=May 2008}}
|
[
"Competition and operations\n--------------------------",
"### 1954 World Championships",
"Stan Smith and Bob Kidder flew the SGS 2\\-25 in the World Soaring Championships at the [Derbyshire and Lancashire Gliding Club](/wiki/Derbyshire_and_Lancashire_Gliding_Club \"Derbyshire and Lancashire Gliding Club\") in [Great Hucklow](/wiki/Great_Hucklow \"Great Hucklow\"), [United Kingdom](/wiki/United_Kingdom \"United Kingdom\") held between July 20\\-August 4, 1954 and finished third out of a field of nine two\\-place sailplanes.",
"The competition was fraught with difficulties. While the US sent a full team to compete, including a manager/meteorologist and assistant manager, fund\\-raising for the team was not successful and most of the team members had to pay their own way to Great Britain to compete. The contest featured the worst weather recorded in over fifty years. The contest was held over 14 days, but only four days were flyable contest days, due to the rain and low cloud. Before the contest started, the competition pilots were flown over the routes in a light aircraft to gain familiarity. The ceiling and visibility were so poor that the four pilots on board got repeatedly lost on the flight.",
"The contest opened with two good flying days, followed by a week of rain. By the end of the second contest day, Kidder and Smith were in second place. The third contest day saw them complete the day's best flight. Unfortunately the flight was invalid as not enough other contestants finished the task to validate it.",
"While landing at the end of the third day, Kidder and Smith put the 2\\-25 into a small English field and it was damaged. The SGS 2\\-25 could not be stopped within the confines of the field and it collided with a heavy wooden fence at the edge of the field. A heavy fence crossbeam ended up on top of the 2\\-25's canopy as the sailplane slid under the fence. The fence itself did not break the canopy, but the canopy could not be opened, leaving the crew trapped in the glider. The pilots had to enlist the aid of a farmer to remove the fence beam and extract them from the aircraft.",
"Although slightly damaged, the 2\\-25 was eventually removed from the field and loaded on its trailer. When the towing vehicle had to stop for gasoline the 2\\-25's fin and rudder were damaged on a low\\-hanging petrol\\-filling station canopy over the pumps. This all guaranteed that the 2\\-25 would not fly in the contest again and it missed the final flyable day of the competition.",
"### 1955 The Jetstream Project",
"The SGS 2\\-25 was repaired at Schweizer Aircraft and put to work as part of the Jetstream Project. This was a joint [USAF](/wiki/USAF \"USAF\") Cambridge Research Center and [UCLA](/wiki/UCLA \"UCLA\") Department of Meteorology research project to gain a better understanding of [Lee waves](/wiki/Lee_waves \"Lee waves\") and was flown in the [Sierra Nevada](/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_%28U.S.%29 \"Sierra Nevada (U.S.)\") mountains of [California](/wiki/California \"California\").",
"The 2\\-25 proved very useful on the project and good data were gathered from many days of wave flying, including four days where flights over 40,000 feet were made. Pressure\\-jump waves were studied as part of the 1955 project.",
"### 1956 World Championships",
"The 1956 Worlds were held in [Saint\\-Yan](/wiki/Saint-Yan \"Saint-Yan\"), [France](/wiki/France \"France\") and saw the SGS 2\\-25 flown in the two\\-place category, by Kemp Trager and Gene Miller. The team of Miller and Trager finished fourth in that contest, without damage to the 2\\-25\\.",
"### USAF use",
"The 2\\-25 was later sold to George Arents Jr, who, after flying it for some years, donated it to the gliding program at the [United States Air Force Academy](/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy \"United States Air Force Academy\"). The 2\\-25 served there for many years under the designation of TG\\-1A. This was a new series of USAF designations and the 2\\-25 should not be confused with the [Frankfort TG\\-1](/wiki/Frankfort_TG-1 \"Frankfort TG-1\") of [Second World War](/wiki/Second_World_War \"Second World War\") vintage. The Frankfort TG\\-1 had the same designation under an earlier military designation system. While in USAF service the 2\\-25 was registered as N225AF.{{cite web\\|url \\= http://www.designation\\-systems.net/usmilav/missing\\-mds.html\\|title \\= \"Missing\" USAF/DOD Aircraft Designations\\|access\\-date \\= 2008\\-05\\-26\\|last \\= Parsch\\|first \\= Andreas\\|date\\=January 2008}}",
"### Museum",
"The 2\\-25 was donated to the [National Soaring Museum](/wiki/National_Soaring_Museum \"National Soaring Museum\") and is now on permanent loan to the [National Museum of the United States Air Force](/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force \"National Museum of the United States Air Force\") at [Wright Patterson Air Force Base](/wiki/Wright_Patterson_Air_Force_Base \"Wright Patterson Air Force Base\") in [Dayton, Ohio](/wiki/Dayton%2C_Ohio \"Dayton, Ohio\").",
"[Federal Aviation Administration](/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration \"Federal Aviation Administration\") records show the SGS 2\\-25 as \"destroyed\" in May 2000\\.{{cite web\\|url \\= http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNumSQL.asp?NNumbertxt\\=225AF\\&cmndfind.x\\=0\\&cmndfind.y\\=0\\|title \\= FAA Registry\\|access\\-date \\= 2008\\-05\\-26\\|last \\= Federal Aviation Administration\\|author\\-link \\= Federal Aviation Administration\\|date\\=May 2008}}",
""
] |
### 1954 World Championships
Stan Smith and Bob Kidder flew the SGS 2\-25 in the World Soaring Championships at the [Derbyshire and Lancashire Gliding Club](/wiki/Derbyshire_and_Lancashire_Gliding_Club "Derbyshire and Lancashire Gliding Club") in [Great Hucklow](/wiki/Great_Hucklow "Great Hucklow"), [United Kingdom](/wiki/United_Kingdom "United Kingdom") held between July 20\-August 4, 1954 and finished third out of a field of nine two\-place sailplanes.
The competition was fraught with difficulties. While the US sent a full team to compete, including a manager/meteorologist and assistant manager, fund\-raising for the team was not successful and most of the team members had to pay their own way to Great Britain to compete. The contest featured the worst weather recorded in over fifty years. The contest was held over 14 days, but only four days were flyable contest days, due to the rain and low cloud. Before the contest started, the competition pilots were flown over the routes in a light aircraft to gain familiarity. The ceiling and visibility were so poor that the four pilots on board got repeatedly lost on the flight.
The contest opened with two good flying days, followed by a week of rain. By the end of the second contest day, Kidder and Smith were in second place. The third contest day saw them complete the day's best flight. Unfortunately the flight was invalid as not enough other contestants finished the task to validate it.
While landing at the end of the third day, Kidder and Smith put the 2\-25 into a small English field and it was damaged. The SGS 2\-25 could not be stopped within the confines of the field and it collided with a heavy wooden fence at the edge of the field. A heavy fence crossbeam ended up on top of the 2\-25's canopy as the sailplane slid under the fence. The fence itself did not break the canopy, but the canopy could not be opened, leaving the crew trapped in the glider. The pilots had to enlist the aid of a farmer to remove the fence beam and extract them from the aircraft.
Although slightly damaged, the 2\-25 was eventually removed from the field and loaded on its trailer. When the towing vehicle had to stop for gasoline the 2\-25's fin and rudder were damaged on a low\-hanging petrol\-filling station canopy over the pumps. This all guaranteed that the 2\-25 would not fly in the contest again and it missed the final flyable day of the competition.
|
[
"### 1954 World Championships",
"Stan Smith and Bob Kidder flew the SGS 2\\-25 in the World Soaring Championships at the [Derbyshire and Lancashire Gliding Club](/wiki/Derbyshire_and_Lancashire_Gliding_Club \"Derbyshire and Lancashire Gliding Club\") in [Great Hucklow](/wiki/Great_Hucklow \"Great Hucklow\"), [United Kingdom](/wiki/United_Kingdom \"United Kingdom\") held between July 20\\-August 4, 1954 and finished third out of a field of nine two\\-place sailplanes.",
"The competition was fraught with difficulties. While the US sent a full team to compete, including a manager/meteorologist and assistant manager, fund\\-raising for the team was not successful and most of the team members had to pay their own way to Great Britain to compete. The contest featured the worst weather recorded in over fifty years. The contest was held over 14 days, but only four days were flyable contest days, due to the rain and low cloud. Before the contest started, the competition pilots were flown over the routes in a light aircraft to gain familiarity. The ceiling and visibility were so poor that the four pilots on board got repeatedly lost on the flight.",
"The contest opened with two good flying days, followed by a week of rain. By the end of the second contest day, Kidder and Smith were in second place. The third contest day saw them complete the day's best flight. Unfortunately the flight was invalid as not enough other contestants finished the task to validate it.",
"While landing at the end of the third day, Kidder and Smith put the 2\\-25 into a small English field and it was damaged. The SGS 2\\-25 could not be stopped within the confines of the field and it collided with a heavy wooden fence at the edge of the field. A heavy fence crossbeam ended up on top of the 2\\-25's canopy as the sailplane slid under the fence. The fence itself did not break the canopy, but the canopy could not be opened, leaving the crew trapped in the glider. The pilots had to enlist the aid of a farmer to remove the fence beam and extract them from the aircraft.",
"Although slightly damaged, the 2\\-25 was eventually removed from the field and loaded on its trailer. When the towing vehicle had to stop for gasoline the 2\\-25's fin and rudder were damaged on a low\\-hanging petrol\\-filling station canopy over the pumps. This all guaranteed that the 2\\-25 would not fly in the contest again and it missed the final flyable day of the competition.",
""
] |
Fictional character biography
-----------------------------
Barracuda was born to an [African\-American](/wiki/African-American "African-American") father and [Biracial](/wiki/Biracial "Biracial") mother of Black, French and Irish descent in [Boynton Beach](/wiki/Boynton_Beach%2C_Florida "Boynton Beach, Florida"), Florida and grew up in [Boca Raton](/wiki/Boca_Raton%2C_Florida "Boca Raton, Florida"), as the eldest of two brothers and a sister. His father served in the [827th Tank Destroyer Battalion](/wiki/827th_Tank_Destroyer_Battalion "827th Tank Destroyer Battalion") during [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II "World War II"). An abusive alcoholic, his father burned Barracuda's hand on a grill while telling him to be "hard as the world itself" the night before abandoning his family.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \#53\. Marvel Comics.
Barracuda cared for his brother and sister for some time. His brother died and his sister became a prostitute and drug addict.
He got into a fight in elementary school where he shoved his thumbs into a classmate's eyes. After castrating a would\-be attacker while in a [youth detention center](/wiki/Youth_detention_center "Youth detention center"), Barracuda was recruited by the [U.S. Army](/wiki/United_States_Army "United States Army").{{Cite web \|last\=Stone \|first\=Sam \|date\=2020\-05\-21 \|title\=Barracuda: Who Is the Punisher's Most Dangerous Nemesis? \|url\=https://www.cbr.com/barracuda\-punishers\-dangerous\-nemesis\-explained/ \|access\-date\=2022\-11\-10 \|website\=CBR \|language\=en\-US}} As a [Green Beret](/wiki/Special_Forces_%28United_States_Army%29 "Special Forces (United States Army)"), Barracuda's A\-team helped the [CIA](/wiki/CIA "CIA") install Leopoldo Luna, a South American dictator in the 1980s.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \#33\. Marvel Comics. He was also responsible for drug\-running in [Nicaragua](/wiki/Nicaragua "Nicaragua") to [fund the Contras](/wiki/CIA_involvement_in_Contra_cocaine_trafficking "CIA involvement in Contra cocaine trafficking") and committed atrocities against local villages to ensure no resistance; when Colonel [Nick Fury](/wiki/Nick_Fury "Nick Fury") investigated,*Fury: MAX* \#10\. Marvel Comics. Barracuda humiliated him by making it clear that the CIA and Congress would bury any report, as it implicated too many people. The team went AWOL in Central America after that, though Fury was able to find and attack him five years later.*[Fury: My War Gone By](/wiki/Fury:My_War_Gone_By "My War Gone By")* \#10\-12\. Marvel Comics. According to his recollection, in another mission in Africa he engaged in cannibalism to prove his [masculinity](/wiki/Masculinity "Masculinity").
After leaving the military, he became a feared gangster. At one point he was arrested at the site of a gangland massacre. He had been snorting lines of cocaine off a severed head. He spent time in jail afterward where he struck a profitable partnership with Harry Ebbing, a corrupt and violent CEO.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \#34\. Marvel Comics.
### Fighting the Punisher
Years later Ebbing hires him to assassinate the Punisher, who is investigating Ebbing's corporation, Dynaco (a parody of [Enron](/wiki/Enron "Enron")). Ebbing plans to sabotage Florida's power grid for profit. The Punisher wishes to stop this plan because it would result in the deaths of many innocent people.
During his fight with the Punisher, Barracuda loses an eye and the fingers on his right hand.*Punisher* Vol 7 \#36 Although Barracuda wins the fight and could easily kill his opponent then and there, he takes the Punisher out to sea so he can watch him be killed by sharks.{{Cite web \|last\=Cacciatore \|first\=Francesco \|date\=2022\-05\-03 \|title\=Punisher's Reboot Could Mean You'll Never Meet His R\-Rated Nemesis \|url\=https://screenrant.com/punisher\-vs\-barracuda\-when\-new\-series\-declan\-shalvey/ \|access\-date\=2022\-11\-10 \|website\=ScreenRant \|language\=en\-US}}{{Cite web \|last\=Kogod \|first\=Theo \|date\=2019\-12\-11 \|title\=The Punisher: 10 Best Fights In The Comics, Ranked \|url\=https://www.cbr.com/marvel\-comics\-the\-punisher\-best\-fights\-ranked/ \|access\-date\=2022\-11\-10 \|website\=CBR \|language\=en\-US}} When the Punisher informs him that he has lost the chance to have his fingers reattached (by putting them on ice without using a plastic bag, since direct ice contact kills the nerve endings), Barracuda simply laughs at his own carelessness. He tosses the Punisher overboard, along with Horace, a local gangster that had wronged him. Barracuda thinks a great white had eaten them both. The Punisher survives and escapes by hanging onto the boat.
Barracuda becomes deeply involved with Dynaco and the affairs of the CEO's mistress and his right\-hand man Dermot. The plan is to set Dermot up as the new CEO during a shareholder fishing trip. Dynaco's plans, leaked to the media, result in the CEO committing suicide. Dermot ends up talking with the Punisher over the radio. With the full backing of the shareholders Dermot states they can do what they want; the Punisher cannot touch them.
The Punisher sinks the boat; everyone on board is eaten by sharks (the crew were handpicked Dynaco employees who had been in on the plan). Barracuda tries to come aboard Frank's boat, only to be shot at point blank range. Like Frank, he survives by hanging on to the boat.
### Miniseries
An undetermined amount of time later, Barracuda is approached by "Big Chris" Angelone, an [Italian Mafia](/wiki/Italian_Mafia "Italian Mafia") boss whose looks and speech patterns strongly resemble [Christopher Walken](/wiki/Christopher_Walken "Christopher Walken"). Angelone has been feuding with Leopoldo Luna about the price of cocaine, so he has decided that his 20\-year\-old [hemophiliac](/wiki/Hemophiliac "Hemophiliac") son Oswald will kill Luna with Barracuda's assistance. He does not know Barracuda is an old ally of Luna's. Barracuda immediately betrays Angelone and has Luna take custody of Oswald to blackmail the gangster. He also betrays Luna by sleeping with his wife Wanda and then calls an old transvestite Green Beret buddy Fifty for backup (whom Luna begins sleeping with, not knowing Fifty is a man).
Barracuda also seems to display genuine fondness and concern for Oswald, beyond what would be necessary for the role he wants Oswald to play. He refers to Oswald as "Hemo", encourages him to be more assertive and outgoing, and does not hesitate to risk his life to save Oswald during a gunfight, being wounded in the process. After this, Oswald sincerely thanks Barracuda for saving him.
Barracuda has set a complex scheme into motion in order to obtain the money he needs to get revenge on the Punisher. He announces to Luna's inner\-circle that he intends to kill the dictator and put Wanda in his place, kill Angelone and put Oswald in his place, restart the cocaine trade between the two factions and get an American reconstruction firm (represented by an accountant he knew in prison) to start up work in Santa Morricone. One of the circle reveals this plan to Luna and he invites Barracuda and Fifty on a helicopter trip to the local volcano, planning to kill them; Barracuda salvages the situation by getting Fifty to show off his penis, causing the dictator to leap out of the helicopter to his doom.
Meanwhile, Angelone, angry at being betrayed and humiliated, has been trying to launch a coup in Santa Morricone and successfully swings part of the army to his side. Barracuda and Fifty have to fight their way into the presidential palace to grab Oswald and Wanda and then flee back to the helicopter, but Fifty is gunned down in the second half of the plan and he remains behind to cover their retreat. (To his face, Barracuda seems stoically upset about this, but grins and calls his old comrade "dumbass" when out of earshot.) They escape in the helicopter and when Angelone (who had grabbed the landing gear) rises up to get his revenge, Oswald shoots his father dead. He and Barracuda celebrate his becoming a "hardcore motherfucking gangster!"
Barracuda then gives Oswald a friendly pat on the back, which due to his hemophilia kills him. Due to the helicopter not having enough supplies, Barracuda and Wanda are left floating in the [Pacific Ocean](/wiki/Pacific_Ocean "Pacific Ocean") in a boat with no food or equipment. It is strongly hinted that he is going to cannibalize her.
### Long Cold Dark
While formulating a plan to get his revenge on the Punisher, Barracuda receives information from an unknown source that leads him to the home of Yorkie Mitchell, Castle's British friend and former [SAS](/wiki/Special_Air_Service "Special Air Service") and [MI6](/wiki/Secret_Intelligence_Service "Secret Intelligence Service") agent (retired after the Punisher's "Man of Stone" story arc). After interrogating and killing Yorkie and his wife, Barracuda stumbles across some startling and very useful information; unbeknownst to the Punisher, he has a very young daughter, the result of a tryst between him and now deceased CIA agent Kathryn O'Brien. The baby is in the care of O'Brien's sister and brother\-in\-law in [La Jolla](/wiki/La_Jolla "La Jolla"), [San Diego](/wiki/San_Diego "San Diego"), California. Barracuda travels to La Jolla and kidnaps the child from a day care center, killing a worker in the process.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \#50\. Marvel Comics.
Barracuda returns to New York in order to draw the Punisher into a trap. He secretly sets up a meeting between several criminal organizations in a high rise hotel, knowing full well that such a meeting would attract the Punisher. Barracuda is not at this meeting himself; in fact the criminals are totally unaware of who set up the meeting in the first place. Frank, who is hiding in the ceiling, plans to strike amongst the confusion when he realizes that the entire place, including his own location, has been wired with explosives. Barracuda then steps off an elevator into the meeting and massacres the entire group (with intentions of taking over their businesses once he has finished with the Punisher). Frank joins the fray in order to escape the explosives. The Punisher is the only survivor of the massacre, to Barracuda's delight. He subdues Frank Castle and leaves on a zip line.
When the Punisher awakes, he finds himself bound to a chair. Barracuda gloats to him about his plan and reveals his daughter to him. An enraged Punisher breaks his bonds and attacks Barracuda, biting off his left cheek. Barracuda stabs the Punisher in the side and tosses him through the window. The Punisher lands on the hood of a police car and is arrested and hospitalized. Seeking treatment for his own injuries, Barracuda disappears with Frank's daughter.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \#51\. Marvel Comics.
Frank convinces his doctor that Barracuda will come for him and kill many people in the hospital. The doctor assists in his escape from police custody; he uses stimulants so Frank can walk. Later, using his own drugs, Frank travels to California to try to head off Barracuda. When he arrives he confronts Barracuda at the home of O'Brien's sister to rescue Sarah. Barracuda seemingly kills the child but it is a fake meant to disorient Frank. It does not work. Frank subdues the man and tortures the location of Sarah out of him. The child is in a car parked out in the woods. As Frank tries to deal with Sarah's car\-seat being booby trapped, Barracuda re\-awakens and grabs a gun. He is wounded several times but pursues Frank into a nearby, empty elementary school. Frank loses his three front teeth but Barracuda loses his nose. His hands follow, then his entire head is blown off with his own gun. Sarah is returned safely to her adopted mother.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \#54\. Marvel Comics.
In the next arc, "Valley Forge, Valley Forge", it is revealed that Barracuda was sent by the U.S. military generals who organized the military operation in the arc "Mother Russia" to silence the Punisher.*The Punisher* vol. 6 \#55 (May 2008\). Marvel Comics.
|
[
"Fictional character biography\n-----------------------------",
"Barracuda was born to an [African\\-American](/wiki/African-American \"African-American\") father and [Biracial](/wiki/Biracial \"Biracial\") mother of Black, French and Irish descent in [Boynton Beach](/wiki/Boynton_Beach%2C_Florida \"Boynton Beach, Florida\"), Florida and grew up in [Boca Raton](/wiki/Boca_Raton%2C_Florida \"Boca Raton, Florida\"), as the eldest of two brothers and a sister. His father served in the [827th Tank Destroyer Battalion](/wiki/827th_Tank_Destroyer_Battalion \"827th Tank Destroyer Battalion\") during [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\"). An abusive alcoholic, his father burned Barracuda's hand on a grill while telling him to be \"hard as the world itself\" the night before abandoning his family.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \\#53\\. Marvel Comics.",
"Barracuda cared for his brother and sister for some time. His brother died and his sister became a prostitute and drug addict.",
"He got into a fight in elementary school where he shoved his thumbs into a classmate's eyes. After castrating a would\\-be attacker while in a [youth detention center](/wiki/Youth_detention_center \"Youth detention center\"), Barracuda was recruited by the [U.S. Army](/wiki/United_States_Army \"United States Army\").{{Cite web \\|last\\=Stone \\|first\\=Sam \\|date\\=2020\\-05\\-21 \\|title\\=Barracuda: Who Is the Punisher's Most Dangerous Nemesis? \\|url\\=https://www.cbr.com/barracuda\\-punishers\\-dangerous\\-nemesis\\-explained/ \\|access\\-date\\=2022\\-11\\-10 \\|website\\=CBR \\|language\\=en\\-US}} As a [Green Beret](/wiki/Special_Forces_%28United_States_Army%29 \"Special Forces (United States Army)\"), Barracuda's A\\-team helped the [CIA](/wiki/CIA \"CIA\") install Leopoldo Luna, a South American dictator in the 1980s.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \\#33\\. Marvel Comics. He was also responsible for drug\\-running in [Nicaragua](/wiki/Nicaragua \"Nicaragua\") to [fund the Contras](/wiki/CIA_involvement_in_Contra_cocaine_trafficking \"CIA involvement in Contra cocaine trafficking\") and committed atrocities against local villages to ensure no resistance; when Colonel [Nick Fury](/wiki/Nick_Fury \"Nick Fury\") investigated,*Fury: MAX* \\#10\\. Marvel Comics. Barracuda humiliated him by making it clear that the CIA and Congress would bury any report, as it implicated too many people. The team went AWOL in Central America after that, though Fury was able to find and attack him five years later.*[Fury: My War Gone By](/wiki/Fury:My_War_Gone_By \"My War Gone By\")* \\#10\\-12\\. Marvel Comics. According to his recollection, in another mission in Africa he engaged in cannibalism to prove his [masculinity](/wiki/Masculinity \"Masculinity\").",
"After leaving the military, he became a feared gangster. At one point he was arrested at the site of a gangland massacre. He had been snorting lines of cocaine off a severed head. He spent time in jail afterward where he struck a profitable partnership with Harry Ebbing, a corrupt and violent CEO.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \\#34\\. Marvel Comics.",
"### Fighting the Punisher",
"Years later Ebbing hires him to assassinate the Punisher, who is investigating Ebbing's corporation, Dynaco (a parody of [Enron](/wiki/Enron \"Enron\")). Ebbing plans to sabotage Florida's power grid for profit. The Punisher wishes to stop this plan because it would result in the deaths of many innocent people.",
"During his fight with the Punisher, Barracuda loses an eye and the fingers on his right hand.*Punisher* Vol 7 \\#36 Although Barracuda wins the fight and could easily kill his opponent then and there, he takes the Punisher out to sea so he can watch him be killed by sharks.{{Cite web \\|last\\=Cacciatore \\|first\\=Francesco \\|date\\=2022\\-05\\-03 \\|title\\=Punisher's Reboot Could Mean You'll Never Meet His R\\-Rated Nemesis \\|url\\=https://screenrant.com/punisher\\-vs\\-barracuda\\-when\\-new\\-series\\-declan\\-shalvey/ \\|access\\-date\\=2022\\-11\\-10 \\|website\\=ScreenRant \\|language\\=en\\-US}}{{Cite web \\|last\\=Kogod \\|first\\=Theo \\|date\\=2019\\-12\\-11 \\|title\\=The Punisher: 10 Best Fights In The Comics, Ranked \\|url\\=https://www.cbr.com/marvel\\-comics\\-the\\-punisher\\-best\\-fights\\-ranked/ \\|access\\-date\\=2022\\-11\\-10 \\|website\\=CBR \\|language\\=en\\-US}} When the Punisher informs him that he has lost the chance to have his fingers reattached (by putting them on ice without using a plastic bag, since direct ice contact kills the nerve endings), Barracuda simply laughs at his own carelessness. He tosses the Punisher overboard, along with Horace, a local gangster that had wronged him. Barracuda thinks a great white had eaten them both. The Punisher survives and escapes by hanging onto the boat.",
"Barracuda becomes deeply involved with Dynaco and the affairs of the CEO's mistress and his right\\-hand man Dermot. The plan is to set Dermot up as the new CEO during a shareholder fishing trip. Dynaco's plans, leaked to the media, result in the CEO committing suicide. Dermot ends up talking with the Punisher over the radio. With the full backing of the shareholders Dermot states they can do what they want; the Punisher cannot touch them.",
"The Punisher sinks the boat; everyone on board is eaten by sharks (the crew were handpicked Dynaco employees who had been in on the plan). Barracuda tries to come aboard Frank's boat, only to be shot at point blank range. Like Frank, he survives by hanging on to the boat.",
"### Miniseries",
"An undetermined amount of time later, Barracuda is approached by \"Big Chris\" Angelone, an [Italian Mafia](/wiki/Italian_Mafia \"Italian Mafia\") boss whose looks and speech patterns strongly resemble [Christopher Walken](/wiki/Christopher_Walken \"Christopher Walken\"). Angelone has been feuding with Leopoldo Luna about the price of cocaine, so he has decided that his 20\\-year\\-old [hemophiliac](/wiki/Hemophiliac \"Hemophiliac\") son Oswald will kill Luna with Barracuda's assistance. He does not know Barracuda is an old ally of Luna's. Barracuda immediately betrays Angelone and has Luna take custody of Oswald to blackmail the gangster. He also betrays Luna by sleeping with his wife Wanda and then calls an old transvestite Green Beret buddy Fifty for backup (whom Luna begins sleeping with, not knowing Fifty is a man).",
"Barracuda also seems to display genuine fondness and concern for Oswald, beyond what would be necessary for the role he wants Oswald to play. He refers to Oswald as \"Hemo\", encourages him to be more assertive and outgoing, and does not hesitate to risk his life to save Oswald during a gunfight, being wounded in the process. After this, Oswald sincerely thanks Barracuda for saving him.",
"Barracuda has set a complex scheme into motion in order to obtain the money he needs to get revenge on the Punisher. He announces to Luna's inner\\-circle that he intends to kill the dictator and put Wanda in his place, kill Angelone and put Oswald in his place, restart the cocaine trade between the two factions and get an American reconstruction firm (represented by an accountant he knew in prison) to start up work in Santa Morricone. One of the circle reveals this plan to Luna and he invites Barracuda and Fifty on a helicopter trip to the local volcano, planning to kill them; Barracuda salvages the situation by getting Fifty to show off his penis, causing the dictator to leap out of the helicopter to his doom.",
"Meanwhile, Angelone, angry at being betrayed and humiliated, has been trying to launch a coup in Santa Morricone and successfully swings part of the army to his side. Barracuda and Fifty have to fight their way into the presidential palace to grab Oswald and Wanda and then flee back to the helicopter, but Fifty is gunned down in the second half of the plan and he remains behind to cover their retreat. (To his face, Barracuda seems stoically upset about this, but grins and calls his old comrade \"dumbass\" when out of earshot.) They escape in the helicopter and when Angelone (who had grabbed the landing gear) rises up to get his revenge, Oswald shoots his father dead. He and Barracuda celebrate his becoming a \"hardcore motherfucking gangster!\"",
"Barracuda then gives Oswald a friendly pat on the back, which due to his hemophilia kills him. Due to the helicopter not having enough supplies, Barracuda and Wanda are left floating in the [Pacific Ocean](/wiki/Pacific_Ocean \"Pacific Ocean\") in a boat with no food or equipment. It is strongly hinted that he is going to cannibalize her.",
"### Long Cold Dark",
"While formulating a plan to get his revenge on the Punisher, Barracuda receives information from an unknown source that leads him to the home of Yorkie Mitchell, Castle's British friend and former [SAS](/wiki/Special_Air_Service \"Special Air Service\") and [MI6](/wiki/Secret_Intelligence_Service \"Secret Intelligence Service\") agent (retired after the Punisher's \"Man of Stone\" story arc). After interrogating and killing Yorkie and his wife, Barracuda stumbles across some startling and very useful information; unbeknownst to the Punisher, he has a very young daughter, the result of a tryst between him and now deceased CIA agent Kathryn O'Brien. The baby is in the care of O'Brien's sister and brother\\-in\\-law in [La Jolla](/wiki/La_Jolla \"La Jolla\"), [San Diego](/wiki/San_Diego \"San Diego\"), California. Barracuda travels to La Jolla and kidnaps the child from a day care center, killing a worker in the process.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \\#50\\. Marvel Comics.",
"Barracuda returns to New York in order to draw the Punisher into a trap. He secretly sets up a meeting between several criminal organizations in a high rise hotel, knowing full well that such a meeting would attract the Punisher. Barracuda is not at this meeting himself; in fact the criminals are totally unaware of who set up the meeting in the first place. Frank, who is hiding in the ceiling, plans to strike amongst the confusion when he realizes that the entire place, including his own location, has been wired with explosives. Barracuda then steps off an elevator into the meeting and massacres the entire group (with intentions of taking over their businesses once he has finished with the Punisher). Frank joins the fray in order to escape the explosives. The Punisher is the only survivor of the massacre, to Barracuda's delight. He subdues Frank Castle and leaves on a zip line.",
"When the Punisher awakes, he finds himself bound to a chair. Barracuda gloats to him about his plan and reveals his daughter to him. An enraged Punisher breaks his bonds and attacks Barracuda, biting off his left cheek. Barracuda stabs the Punisher in the side and tosses him through the window. The Punisher lands on the hood of a police car and is arrested and hospitalized. Seeking treatment for his own injuries, Barracuda disappears with Frank's daughter.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \\#51\\. Marvel Comics.",
"Frank convinces his doctor that Barracuda will come for him and kill many people in the hospital. The doctor assists in his escape from police custody; he uses stimulants so Frank can walk. Later, using his own drugs, Frank travels to California to try to head off Barracuda. When he arrives he confronts Barracuda at the home of O'Brien's sister to rescue Sarah. Barracuda seemingly kills the child but it is a fake meant to disorient Frank. It does not work. Frank subdues the man and tortures the location of Sarah out of him. The child is in a car parked out in the woods. As Frank tries to deal with Sarah's car\\-seat being booby trapped, Barracuda re\\-awakens and grabs a gun. He is wounded several times but pursues Frank into a nearby, empty elementary school. Frank loses his three front teeth but Barracuda loses his nose. His hands follow, then his entire head is blown off with his own gun. Sarah is returned safely to her adopted mother.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \\#54\\. Marvel Comics.",
"In the next arc, \"Valley Forge, Valley Forge\", it is revealed that Barracuda was sent by the U.S. military generals who organized the military operation in the arc \"Mother Russia\" to silence the Punisher.*The Punisher* vol. 6 \\#55 (May 2008\\). Marvel Comics.",
""
] |
### Long Cold Dark
While formulating a plan to get his revenge on the Punisher, Barracuda receives information from an unknown source that leads him to the home of Yorkie Mitchell, Castle's British friend and former [SAS](/wiki/Special_Air_Service "Special Air Service") and [MI6](/wiki/Secret_Intelligence_Service "Secret Intelligence Service") agent (retired after the Punisher's "Man of Stone" story arc). After interrogating and killing Yorkie and his wife, Barracuda stumbles across some startling and very useful information; unbeknownst to the Punisher, he has a very young daughter, the result of a tryst between him and now deceased CIA agent Kathryn O'Brien. The baby is in the care of O'Brien's sister and brother\-in\-law in [La Jolla](/wiki/La_Jolla "La Jolla"), [San Diego](/wiki/San_Diego "San Diego"), California. Barracuda travels to La Jolla and kidnaps the child from a day care center, killing a worker in the process.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \#50\. Marvel Comics.
Barracuda returns to New York in order to draw the Punisher into a trap. He secretly sets up a meeting between several criminal organizations in a high rise hotel, knowing full well that such a meeting would attract the Punisher. Barracuda is not at this meeting himself; in fact the criminals are totally unaware of who set up the meeting in the first place. Frank, who is hiding in the ceiling, plans to strike amongst the confusion when he realizes that the entire place, including his own location, has been wired with explosives. Barracuda then steps off an elevator into the meeting and massacres the entire group (with intentions of taking over their businesses once he has finished with the Punisher). Frank joins the fray in order to escape the explosives. The Punisher is the only survivor of the massacre, to Barracuda's delight. He subdues Frank Castle and leaves on a zip line.
When the Punisher awakes, he finds himself bound to a chair. Barracuda gloats to him about his plan and reveals his daughter to him. An enraged Punisher breaks his bonds and attacks Barracuda, biting off his left cheek. Barracuda stabs the Punisher in the side and tosses him through the window. The Punisher lands on the hood of a police car and is arrested and hospitalized. Seeking treatment for his own injuries, Barracuda disappears with Frank's daughter.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \#51\. Marvel Comics.
Frank convinces his doctor that Barracuda will come for him and kill many people in the hospital. The doctor assists in his escape from police custody; he uses stimulants so Frank can walk. Later, using his own drugs, Frank travels to California to try to head off Barracuda. When he arrives he confronts Barracuda at the home of O'Brien's sister to rescue Sarah. Barracuda seemingly kills the child but it is a fake meant to disorient Frank. It does not work. Frank subdues the man and tortures the location of Sarah out of him. The child is in a car parked out in the woods. As Frank tries to deal with Sarah's car\-seat being booby trapped, Barracuda re\-awakens and grabs a gun. He is wounded several times but pursues Frank into a nearby, empty elementary school. Frank loses his three front teeth but Barracuda loses his nose. His hands follow, then his entire head is blown off with his own gun. Sarah is returned safely to her adopted mother.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \#54\. Marvel Comics.
In the next arc, "Valley Forge, Valley Forge", it is revealed that Barracuda was sent by the U.S. military generals who organized the military operation in the arc "Mother Russia" to silence the Punisher.*The Punisher* vol. 6 \#55 (May 2008\). Marvel Comics.
|
[
"### Long Cold Dark",
"While formulating a plan to get his revenge on the Punisher, Barracuda receives information from an unknown source that leads him to the home of Yorkie Mitchell, Castle's British friend and former [SAS](/wiki/Special_Air_Service \"Special Air Service\") and [MI6](/wiki/Secret_Intelligence_Service \"Secret Intelligence Service\") agent (retired after the Punisher's \"Man of Stone\" story arc). After interrogating and killing Yorkie and his wife, Barracuda stumbles across some startling and very useful information; unbeknownst to the Punisher, he has a very young daughter, the result of a tryst between him and now deceased CIA agent Kathryn O'Brien. The baby is in the care of O'Brien's sister and brother\\-in\\-law in [La Jolla](/wiki/La_Jolla \"La Jolla\"), [San Diego](/wiki/San_Diego \"San Diego\"), California. Barracuda travels to La Jolla and kidnaps the child from a day care center, killing a worker in the process.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \\#50\\. Marvel Comics.",
"Barracuda returns to New York in order to draw the Punisher into a trap. He secretly sets up a meeting between several criminal organizations in a high rise hotel, knowing full well that such a meeting would attract the Punisher. Barracuda is not at this meeting himself; in fact the criminals are totally unaware of who set up the meeting in the first place. Frank, who is hiding in the ceiling, plans to strike amongst the confusion when he realizes that the entire place, including his own location, has been wired with explosives. Barracuda then steps off an elevator into the meeting and massacres the entire group (with intentions of taking over their businesses once he has finished with the Punisher). Frank joins the fray in order to escape the explosives. The Punisher is the only survivor of the massacre, to Barracuda's delight. He subdues Frank Castle and leaves on a zip line.",
"When the Punisher awakes, he finds himself bound to a chair. Barracuda gloats to him about his plan and reveals his daughter to him. An enraged Punisher breaks his bonds and attacks Barracuda, biting off his left cheek. Barracuda stabs the Punisher in the side and tosses him through the window. The Punisher lands on the hood of a police car and is arrested and hospitalized. Seeking treatment for his own injuries, Barracuda disappears with Frank's daughter.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \\#51\\. Marvel Comics.",
"Frank convinces his doctor that Barracuda will come for him and kill many people in the hospital. The doctor assists in his escape from police custody; he uses stimulants so Frank can walk. Later, using his own drugs, Frank travels to California to try to head off Barracuda. When he arrives he confronts Barracuda at the home of O'Brien's sister to rescue Sarah. Barracuda seemingly kills the child but it is a fake meant to disorient Frank. It does not work. Frank subdues the man and tortures the location of Sarah out of him. The child is in a car parked out in the woods. As Frank tries to deal with Sarah's car\\-seat being booby trapped, Barracuda re\\-awakens and grabs a gun. He is wounded several times but pursues Frank into a nearby, empty elementary school. Frank loses his three front teeth but Barracuda loses his nose. His hands follow, then his entire head is blown off with his own gun. Sarah is returned safely to her adopted mother.*Punisher* Vol. 7 \\#54\\. Marvel Comics.",
"In the next arc, \"Valley Forge, Valley Forge\", it is revealed that Barracuda was sent by the U.S. military generals who organized the military operation in the arc \"Mother Russia\" to silence the Punisher.*The Punisher* vol. 6 \\#55 (May 2008\\). Marvel Comics.",
""
] |
Culture
-------
Despite its long history Cuyo has held back the hands of time and preserved its rich cultural heritage preserved since more than 350 years.
The tipano band, a flute and drum [marching band](/wiki/Marching_band "Marching band") that is more similar to a [corps of drums](/wiki/Corps_of_drums "Corps of drums") or a [fife and drum corps](/wiki/Fife_and_drum_corps "Fife and drum corps"), and the de kwerdas (string band), supply background music on important social occasions. They also accompany singers and render dance music like the pinundo\-pundo. The tipano is reserved for the ati\-ati, sinulog, and komedya.
Both ensembles use available instruments and instrumentalists. The tipano core is basically two drums and four to seven transverse mouth flutes with six finger\-holes. One or two tipano "nga maite" (small flutes) and three or four tipano "nga mabael" (larger flutes) are played with a redublante (snare drum), bombo (single tenor or bass drum), and sometimes a pair of [platilyo](/wiki/Cymbal "Cymbal"). The de kwerdas has two or three [sabel](/wiki/Violin "Violin"), and occasionally a [guitar](/wiki/Guitar "Guitar"), a bajo (six\-stringed bass), a [banjo](/wiki/Banjo "Banjo"), and a [banduria](/wiki/Banduria "Banduria"), with the occasional flutes and percussion (in modern ensembles an [electric guitar](/wiki/Electric_guitar "Electric guitar") is also used). In Cuyonon music the "akompanimento" refers to the harmonic accompaniment\-principal or "primera" to the first or highest voice, and "segunda" to the second.
The Cuyonon youth celebrate love with song during the post\-harvest courting season. The Cancion, a popular serenade, is sung with the strumming of a five \- or six\-stringed guitar in the distinctive punctual manner. Parting is a familiar concern in Cuyunon love songs. Examples of love songs are "Napopongao Ako", "Ang Gegma", "Ploning", "Daragang Taga Cuyo", "Konsomision", "Ako Maski Bayan", "Tiis Manong Pido", "Nagpamasiar Ako", and "Komosta".
Cuyonon dances have evolved from native and Spanish influences. Among these are the Pastores (the Christmas dance of the sheppherds), the Chotis (from the German schothische), Lanceros de Cuyo (local French guadrille), Birginia (Virginia reel or square dance), Paraguanen (a romantic comic duet), and [La Jota Paragua](/wiki/La_Jota_Paragua "La Jota Paragua") (a Castillan\-type jota using bamboo castanets and manton). The island is known for the Mazurka de Cuyo, a social dance with characteristic mazurka steps. Another popular dance is the Pinundo\-pundo, a stylish wedding dance marked by sudden pauses, its first two parts, featuring solo dances of the boy and the girl, are followed by the suring, a love play between the couple.
The Cuyonon have developed the art of merging song, dance, and drama. Cuyo's Sayaw is a colorful enactment of a story heightened by the music of a string band. It is presented by five pairs of youth arranged in two lines, fully costumed and made up, and bearing props like flowers, crowns, and even knives. After an introductory dance, the leading couple proceed to relate the tale, sometimes using verse. The topic may be anything, from everyday occurrences to special events like winning the sweepstakes. This story is then interpreted in dance and ended with a finale.
### Feast of St. Augustine
Yearly on August 28, Cuyo Island celebrates [San Agustin's](/wiki/St._Augustine "St. Augustine") feast, currently dubbed as the *Purongitan Festival*, marked as the main celebration of Cuyo town.
On the eve of the fiesta, a cultural presentation featuring the traditional performing arts and sometimes a separate show of modern songs and dances may be presented. The feast day is begun with a morning mass (sometimes a High Mass officiated by the bishop) and followed by the Ati\-ati, a legacy of the Aklanon migrants who left an impact to the town. Folk from the nearby islands board barotos (boats) to view the parade which recreates the confrontation of San Agustin and the native "savages". Participants portray the Aeta by darkening their bodies with soot and painting their faces with anyel (indigo). They don foot\-high headgear of coconut ginit fiber adorned with chicken feathers, and decorate their costumes with coconut leaves. The men, clad in loin cloths, carry spears, bows and arrows, or bolo. The women, wearing patadyong and beaded necklaces, carry baskets with a tumpline.
For years the participants from the town form two lines, one of men and the other of women. The director signals the start of the singing by striking his cane on the ground. This is followed by a spontaneous dance characterized by sways, hops, jumps, and the jerking of weapons accompanied by chanting; the director also signals the end of the dance. The village captain and his family may recite a series of verses. The director is then approached by the last to recite, customarily the role belongs to youngest child of the barangay captain's family assigned.
As the floats of San Agustin and other saints enter the church at the end of the procession, the participants kneel, prostrate themselves, or sing while performing skipping steps before the images. The merrymaking intensifies when the alakayo, a dancing clown, chases the ladies, stopping only when coins are thrown to him on the ground. The alakayo collects the coins with his mouth.
Today the dancing Ati\-Ati are composed of groups of individuals from the villages of the town, which perform to a percussion band with flutes and guitars, a specialized combined form of the tipano and de kwerdas.
Meanwhile, the panapatan performance are staged in front of various houses for a fee. These are mostly excerpts of the komedya and ati\-ati known as komedya sa kalye and ati\-ati sa bukid, the performers of which use simpler clothing than in the more elaborate full\-length performances. Ati\-ati sa bukid is sung and danced to celebrate a fruitful harvest. Today it is usually danced by young boys wearing masks or indigo\-painted faces.
Another pantomime, innocentes, recreates the descent of the "savages" from the hills to pay tribute to San Agustin. They are wearing coconut fibre masks and red striped shirts. The participants frolic and fence with sticks.
Komedya or moro\-moro performances are larger (with some 50 actors) and more refined than the ati\-ati. The clash between the Muslims and the Christians is further dramatized by background music; commonly used tunes are the pasadoble, marchas, giyera, and kasal.
The same subject is portrayed by the sinulog. The Christians are identified by their black costumes, kampilan, and elongated shields; the Muslims by their red turbans and waistbands, and round shields. The participants may wear masks or paint their faces. Both groups, usually of six dancers each, sometimes perform to the beating of tin cans. Alternate steps of offense and defense, e.g., advancing and retreating, with corresponding movements of weapons, are followed by circular formations simulating scenes of strategy plotting.
### Aguado pilgrimage
Mt. Aguado features life\-size [Stations of the Cross](/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross "Stations of the Cross") constructed from the foot to the peak of the mountain. Cuyonon devotees, visitors and tourists make the annual pilgrimage to Mt. Aguado as part of the penitential rites done in Cuyo during the Holy Week particularly on Holy Thursday.
|
[
"Culture\n-------",
"Despite its long history Cuyo has held back the hands of time and preserved its rich cultural heritage preserved since more than 350 years.",
"The tipano band, a flute and drum [marching band](/wiki/Marching_band \"Marching band\") that is more similar to a [corps of drums](/wiki/Corps_of_drums \"Corps of drums\") or a [fife and drum corps](/wiki/Fife_and_drum_corps \"Fife and drum corps\"), and the de kwerdas (string band), supply background music on important social occasions. They also accompany singers and render dance music like the pinundo\\-pundo. The tipano is reserved for the ati\\-ati, sinulog, and komedya.",
"Both ensembles use available instruments and instrumentalists. The tipano core is basically two drums and four to seven transverse mouth flutes with six finger\\-holes. One or two tipano \"nga maite\" (small flutes) and three or four tipano \"nga mabael\" (larger flutes) are played with a redublante (snare drum), bombo (single tenor or bass drum), and sometimes a pair of [platilyo](/wiki/Cymbal \"Cymbal\"). The de kwerdas has two or three [sabel](/wiki/Violin \"Violin\"), and occasionally a [guitar](/wiki/Guitar \"Guitar\"), a bajo (six\\-stringed bass), a [banjo](/wiki/Banjo \"Banjo\"), and a [banduria](/wiki/Banduria \"Banduria\"), with the occasional flutes and percussion (in modern ensembles an [electric guitar](/wiki/Electric_guitar \"Electric guitar\") is also used). In Cuyonon music the \"akompanimento\" refers to the harmonic accompaniment\\-principal or \"primera\" to the first or highest voice, and \"segunda\" to the second.",
"The Cuyonon youth celebrate love with song during the post\\-harvest courting season. The Cancion, a popular serenade, is sung with the strumming of a five \\- or six\\-stringed guitar in the distinctive punctual manner. Parting is a familiar concern in Cuyunon love songs. Examples of love songs are \"Napopongao Ako\", \"Ang Gegma\", \"Ploning\", \"Daragang Taga Cuyo\", \"Konsomision\", \"Ako Maski Bayan\", \"Tiis Manong Pido\", \"Nagpamasiar Ako\", and \"Komosta\".",
"Cuyonon dances have evolved from native and Spanish influences. Among these are the Pastores (the Christmas dance of the sheppherds), the Chotis (from the German schothische), Lanceros de Cuyo (local French guadrille), Birginia (Virginia reel or square dance), Paraguanen (a romantic comic duet), and [La Jota Paragua](/wiki/La_Jota_Paragua \"La Jota Paragua\") (a Castillan\\-type jota using bamboo castanets and manton). The island is known for the Mazurka de Cuyo, a social dance with characteristic mazurka steps. Another popular dance is the Pinundo\\-pundo, a stylish wedding dance marked by sudden pauses, its first two parts, featuring solo dances of the boy and the girl, are followed by the suring, a love play between the couple.",
"The Cuyonon have developed the art of merging song, dance, and drama. Cuyo's Sayaw is a colorful enactment of a story heightened by the music of a string band. It is presented by five pairs of youth arranged in two lines, fully costumed and made up, and bearing props like flowers, crowns, and even knives. After an introductory dance, the leading couple proceed to relate the tale, sometimes using verse. The topic may be anything, from everyday occurrences to special events like winning the sweepstakes. This story is then interpreted in dance and ended with a finale.",
"### Feast of St. Augustine",
"Yearly on August 28, Cuyo Island celebrates [San Agustin's](/wiki/St._Augustine \"St. Augustine\") feast, currently dubbed as the *Purongitan Festival*, marked as the main celebration of Cuyo town.",
"On the eve of the fiesta, a cultural presentation featuring the traditional performing arts and sometimes a separate show of modern songs and dances may be presented. The feast day is begun with a morning mass (sometimes a High Mass officiated by the bishop) and followed by the Ati\\-ati, a legacy of the Aklanon migrants who left an impact to the town. Folk from the nearby islands board barotos (boats) to view the parade which recreates the confrontation of San Agustin and the native \"savages\". Participants portray the Aeta by darkening their bodies with soot and painting their faces with anyel (indigo). They don foot\\-high headgear of coconut ginit fiber adorned with chicken feathers, and decorate their costumes with coconut leaves. The men, clad in loin cloths, carry spears, bows and arrows, or bolo. The women, wearing patadyong and beaded necklaces, carry baskets with a tumpline.",
"For years the participants from the town form two lines, one of men and the other of women. The director signals the start of the singing by striking his cane on the ground. This is followed by a spontaneous dance characterized by sways, hops, jumps, and the jerking of weapons accompanied by chanting; the director also signals the end of the dance. The village captain and his family may recite a series of verses. The director is then approached by the last to recite, customarily the role belongs to youngest child of the barangay captain's family assigned.",
"As the floats of San Agustin and other saints enter the church at the end of the procession, the participants kneel, prostrate themselves, or sing while performing skipping steps before the images. The merrymaking intensifies when the alakayo, a dancing clown, chases the ladies, stopping only when coins are thrown to him on the ground. The alakayo collects the coins with his mouth.",
"Today the dancing Ati\\-Ati are composed of groups of individuals from the villages of the town, which perform to a percussion band with flutes and guitars, a specialized combined form of the tipano and de kwerdas.",
"Meanwhile, the panapatan performance are staged in front of various houses for a fee. These are mostly excerpts of the komedya and ati\\-ati known as komedya sa kalye and ati\\-ati sa bukid, the performers of which use simpler clothing than in the more elaborate full\\-length performances. Ati\\-ati sa bukid is sung and danced to celebrate a fruitful harvest. Today it is usually danced by young boys wearing masks or indigo\\-painted faces.",
"Another pantomime, innocentes, recreates the descent of the \"savages\" from the hills to pay tribute to San Agustin. They are wearing coconut fibre masks and red striped shirts. The participants frolic and fence with sticks.",
"Komedya or moro\\-moro performances are larger (with some 50 actors) and more refined than the ati\\-ati. The clash between the Muslims and the Christians is further dramatized by background music; commonly used tunes are the pasadoble, marchas, giyera, and kasal.",
"The same subject is portrayed by the sinulog. The Christians are identified by their black costumes, kampilan, and elongated shields; the Muslims by their red turbans and waistbands, and round shields. The participants may wear masks or paint their faces. Both groups, usually of six dancers each, sometimes perform to the beating of tin cans. Alternate steps of offense and defense, e.g., advancing and retreating, with corresponding movements of weapons, are followed by circular formations simulating scenes of strategy plotting.",
"### Aguado pilgrimage",
"Mt. Aguado features life\\-size [Stations of the Cross](/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross \"Stations of the Cross\") constructed from the foot to the peak of the mountain. Cuyonon devotees, visitors and tourists make the annual pilgrimage to Mt. Aguado as part of the penitential rites done in Cuyo during the Holy Week particularly on Holy Thursday.",
""
] |
### Feast of St. Augustine
Yearly on August 28, Cuyo Island celebrates [San Agustin's](/wiki/St._Augustine "St. Augustine") feast, currently dubbed as the *Purongitan Festival*, marked as the main celebration of Cuyo town.
On the eve of the fiesta, a cultural presentation featuring the traditional performing arts and sometimes a separate show of modern songs and dances may be presented. The feast day is begun with a morning mass (sometimes a High Mass officiated by the bishop) and followed by the Ati\-ati, a legacy of the Aklanon migrants who left an impact to the town. Folk from the nearby islands board barotos (boats) to view the parade which recreates the confrontation of San Agustin and the native "savages". Participants portray the Aeta by darkening their bodies with soot and painting their faces with anyel (indigo). They don foot\-high headgear of coconut ginit fiber adorned with chicken feathers, and decorate their costumes with coconut leaves. The men, clad in loin cloths, carry spears, bows and arrows, or bolo. The women, wearing patadyong and beaded necklaces, carry baskets with a tumpline.
For years the participants from the town form two lines, one of men and the other of women. The director signals the start of the singing by striking his cane on the ground. This is followed by a spontaneous dance characterized by sways, hops, jumps, and the jerking of weapons accompanied by chanting; the director also signals the end of the dance. The village captain and his family may recite a series of verses. The director is then approached by the last to recite, customarily the role belongs to youngest child of the barangay captain's family assigned.
As the floats of San Agustin and other saints enter the church at the end of the procession, the participants kneel, prostrate themselves, or sing while performing skipping steps before the images. The merrymaking intensifies when the alakayo, a dancing clown, chases the ladies, stopping only when coins are thrown to him on the ground. The alakayo collects the coins with his mouth.
Today the dancing Ati\-Ati are composed of groups of individuals from the villages of the town, which perform to a percussion band with flutes and guitars, a specialized combined form of the tipano and de kwerdas.
Meanwhile, the panapatan performance are staged in front of various houses for a fee. These are mostly excerpts of the komedya and ati\-ati known as komedya sa kalye and ati\-ati sa bukid, the performers of which use simpler clothing than in the more elaborate full\-length performances. Ati\-ati sa bukid is sung and danced to celebrate a fruitful harvest. Today it is usually danced by young boys wearing masks or indigo\-painted faces.
Another pantomime, innocentes, recreates the descent of the "savages" from the hills to pay tribute to San Agustin. They are wearing coconut fibre masks and red striped shirts. The participants frolic and fence with sticks.
Komedya or moro\-moro performances are larger (with some 50 actors) and more refined than the ati\-ati. The clash between the Muslims and the Christians is further dramatized by background music; commonly used tunes are the pasadoble, marchas, giyera, and kasal.
The same subject is portrayed by the sinulog. The Christians are identified by their black costumes, kampilan, and elongated shields; the Muslims by their red turbans and waistbands, and round shields. The participants may wear masks or paint their faces. Both groups, usually of six dancers each, sometimes perform to the beating of tin cans. Alternate steps of offense and defense, e.g., advancing and retreating, with corresponding movements of weapons, are followed by circular formations simulating scenes of strategy plotting.
|
[
"### Feast of St. Augustine",
"Yearly on August 28, Cuyo Island celebrates [San Agustin's](/wiki/St._Augustine \"St. Augustine\") feast, currently dubbed as the *Purongitan Festival*, marked as the main celebration of Cuyo town.",
"On the eve of the fiesta, a cultural presentation featuring the traditional performing arts and sometimes a separate show of modern songs and dances may be presented. The feast day is begun with a morning mass (sometimes a High Mass officiated by the bishop) and followed by the Ati\\-ati, a legacy of the Aklanon migrants who left an impact to the town. Folk from the nearby islands board barotos (boats) to view the parade which recreates the confrontation of San Agustin and the native \"savages\". Participants portray the Aeta by darkening their bodies with soot and painting their faces with anyel (indigo). They don foot\\-high headgear of coconut ginit fiber adorned with chicken feathers, and decorate their costumes with coconut leaves. The men, clad in loin cloths, carry spears, bows and arrows, or bolo. The women, wearing patadyong and beaded necklaces, carry baskets with a tumpline.",
"For years the participants from the town form two lines, one of men and the other of women. The director signals the start of the singing by striking his cane on the ground. This is followed by a spontaneous dance characterized by sways, hops, jumps, and the jerking of weapons accompanied by chanting; the director also signals the end of the dance. The village captain and his family may recite a series of verses. The director is then approached by the last to recite, customarily the role belongs to youngest child of the barangay captain's family assigned.",
"As the floats of San Agustin and other saints enter the church at the end of the procession, the participants kneel, prostrate themselves, or sing while performing skipping steps before the images. The merrymaking intensifies when the alakayo, a dancing clown, chases the ladies, stopping only when coins are thrown to him on the ground. The alakayo collects the coins with his mouth.",
"Today the dancing Ati\\-Ati are composed of groups of individuals from the villages of the town, which perform to a percussion band with flutes and guitars, a specialized combined form of the tipano and de kwerdas.",
"Meanwhile, the panapatan performance are staged in front of various houses for a fee. These are mostly excerpts of the komedya and ati\\-ati known as komedya sa kalye and ati\\-ati sa bukid, the performers of which use simpler clothing than in the more elaborate full\\-length performances. Ati\\-ati sa bukid is sung and danced to celebrate a fruitful harvest. Today it is usually danced by young boys wearing masks or indigo\\-painted faces.",
"Another pantomime, innocentes, recreates the descent of the \"savages\" from the hills to pay tribute to San Agustin. They are wearing coconut fibre masks and red striped shirts. The participants frolic and fence with sticks.",
"Komedya or moro\\-moro performances are larger (with some 50 actors) and more refined than the ati\\-ati. The clash between the Muslims and the Christians is further dramatized by background music; commonly used tunes are the pasadoble, marchas, giyera, and kasal.",
"The same subject is portrayed by the sinulog. The Christians are identified by their black costumes, kampilan, and elongated shields; the Muslims by their red turbans and waistbands, and round shields. The participants may wear masks or paint their faces. Both groups, usually of six dancers each, sometimes perform to the beating of tin cans. Alternate steps of offense and defense, e.g., advancing and retreating, with corresponding movements of weapons, are followed by circular formations simulating scenes of strategy plotting.",
""
] |
Biography
---------
Born in Kluang, Johor, Tan worked a number of odd jobs including on rubber estates, a canning factory, a bicycle shop and night markets. This was because when he was 13, his father was deported back to China and his mother and six siblings returned, while Kai Hee and two other children stayed in Malaya having to fend for themselves.Datuk Yong Soo Heong, [Farewell uncle Tan kai Hee, our socialist entrepreneur](https://www.nst.com.my/business/2022/02/774560/farewell-uncle-tan-kai-hee-our-socialist-entrepreneur), February 24, 2022
This gave him an understanding of the difficulties faced by the poor and he joined the [Labour Party of Malaya](/wiki/Labour_Party_of_Malaya "Labour Party of Malaya") in the 1950s, rising to become its deputy secretary\-general in the early 1960s.{{Cite web\|url\=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/611774\|title\=Socialist detainee turned millionaire Tan Kai Hee dies aged 85\|first\=Martin\|last\=Vengadesan\|date\=23 February 2022\|website\=Malaysiakini}} At that time the Labour Party was part of a powerful multi\-racial coalition with the [Parti Rakyat Malaysia](/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia "Parti Rakyat Malaysia") called the Socialist Front ([Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front](/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Socialist_Front "Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front")).
A protege of Labour Party leader Dr [M.K. Rajakumar](/wiki/M.K._Rajakumar "M.K. Rajakumar"), Tan was one of a number of very young Socialist Front candidates in the 1959 general elections including [V. David](/wiki/V._David "V. David"), who was elected Bangsar MP at the age of 26, and Karam Singh Veriah who won in Damansara aged just 22\.
Tan however was defeated in that election when he ran for the [Kluang Selatan](/wiki/Kluang_Selatan_%28federal_constituency%29 "Kluang Selatan (federal constituency)").{{Cite web\|url\=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/640753\|title\=Books and Jomo: How Gerakbudaya’s Pak Chong rebounded from 8 years of ISA\|first\=Alena\|last\=Nadia\|date\=23 October 2022\|website\=Malaysiakini}} He lost by a margin of 4,214 votes to Chan Chong Wen of MCA/Alliance who garnered 8,754 votes compared to the 4,540 that Tan obtained.{{Cite web\|url\=http://semak.spr.gov.my/spr/laporan/5\_KedudukanAkhir.php\|title\=KEPUTUSAN PILIHAN RAYA UMUM KE\-12\|website\=semak.spr.gov.my}}
He also contested in the 1964 elections in [Damansara](/wiki/Damansara_%28Selangor_federal_constituency%29 "Damansara (Selangor federal constituency)") the seat that had been won by Karam Singh Veriah in 1959\. However, he was narrowly beaten in a three\-way contest by 546 votes as Michael Chen Wing Sum of the MCA/Alliance Party got 9,144 votes while he obtained 8,602 and PAP's Lam Khuan Kit trailed in third with 3,191 votes.
In 1965, he was arrested alongside other Socialist Front leaders such as chairman Hasnul Hadi and secretary\-general Tajuddin Kahar as they were planning a demonstration to commemorate the second anniversary of the detention of former Setapak MP and Socialist Front leader [Ahmad Boestamam](/wiki/Ahmad_Boestamam "Ahmad Boestamam").{{Cite web\|url\=https://aliran.com/200810/the\-labour\-party\-of\-malaya\-19521972/\|title\=The Labour Party of Malaya, 1952–1972\|date\=20 February 2009}}
Tan was detained for 8 years during which time the Socialist Front was dissolved and the Labour Party of Malaya became first dormant, then defunct with a number of its leaders like [Tan Chee Khoon](/wiki/Tan_Chee_Khoon "Tan Chee Khoon") and V. David going on to form [Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia](/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia "Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia").
In the initial years following his release in 1973, Tan struggled to get a job. However, his luck turned in 1975, when he founded Hai\-O Enterprise, a company that imported herbs and medicines from China.
After a slow start, he turned it into a multi\-million [ringgit](/wiki/Ringgit "Ringgit") enterprise and also held positions in the Malaysia\-China Friendship Association and the Malaysia\-China Chamber of Commerce.
As he approached his 80s, Tan decided to hand over the day to day running of the company to his son Tan Keng Kang in 2016\. The following year his wife Tan Siow Eng died.{{Cite web\|url\=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/02/23/hai\-o\-enterprise\-founder\-tan\-kai\-hee\-passes\-away\-at\-85\|title\=Hai\-O Enterprise founder Tan Kai Hee passes away at 85\|website\=The Star}}
At his 80th birthday dinner in January 2017, he announced that he would give most of his Hai\-O shares, reportedly worth over RM100million, to a trust fund he had set up to fund charitable works.{{Cite web\|url\=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/socialist\-who\-perceives\-wealth\-differently\|title\=The socialist who perceives wealth differently\|author1\=Kuek Ser Kwang Zhe\|date\=8 February 2017\|website\=The Edge Markets}}
In 2018, Tan published a book on his life called *Tan Kai Hee: Soaring Without Fear And Regrets*.{{cite book \|last1\=Tan \|first1\=Yen Fong \|title\=Tan Kai Hee : soaring without fear and regrets \|date\=2019\|publisher\=Kanyin Publications \|location\=Kuala Lumpur \|isbn\=9789671536469}}
Tan died on 22 February 2022, aged 85\.
|
[
"Biography\n---------",
"Born in Kluang, Johor, Tan worked a number of odd jobs including on rubber estates, a canning factory, a bicycle shop and night markets. This was because when he was 13, his father was deported back to China and his mother and six siblings returned, while Kai Hee and two other children stayed in Malaya having to fend for themselves.Datuk Yong Soo Heong, [Farewell uncle Tan kai Hee, our socialist entrepreneur](https://www.nst.com.my/business/2022/02/774560/farewell-uncle-tan-kai-hee-our-socialist-entrepreneur), February 24, 2022",
"This gave him an understanding of the difficulties faced by the poor and he joined the [Labour Party of Malaya](/wiki/Labour_Party_of_Malaya \"Labour Party of Malaya\") in the 1950s, rising to become its deputy secretary\\-general in the early 1960s.{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/611774\\|title\\=Socialist detainee turned millionaire Tan Kai Hee dies aged 85\\|first\\=Martin\\|last\\=Vengadesan\\|date\\=23 February 2022\\|website\\=Malaysiakini}} At that time the Labour Party was part of a powerful multi\\-racial coalition with the [Parti Rakyat Malaysia](/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia \"Parti Rakyat Malaysia\") called the Socialist Front ([Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front](/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Socialist_Front \"Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front\")).",
"A protege of Labour Party leader Dr [M.K. Rajakumar](/wiki/M.K._Rajakumar \"M.K. Rajakumar\"), Tan was one of a number of very young Socialist Front candidates in the 1959 general elections including [V. David](/wiki/V._David \"V. David\"), who was elected Bangsar MP at the age of 26, and Karam Singh Veriah who won in Damansara aged just 22\\.",
"Tan however was defeated in that election when he ran for the [Kluang Selatan](/wiki/Kluang_Selatan_%28federal_constituency%29 \"Kluang Selatan (federal constituency)\").{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/640753\\|title\\=Books and Jomo: How Gerakbudaya’s Pak Chong rebounded from 8 years of ISA\\|first\\=Alena\\|last\\=Nadia\\|date\\=23 October 2022\\|website\\=Malaysiakini}} He lost by a margin of 4,214 votes to Chan Chong Wen of MCA/Alliance who garnered 8,754 votes compared to the 4,540 that Tan obtained.{{Cite web\\|url\\=http://semak.spr.gov.my/spr/laporan/5\\_KedudukanAkhir.php\\|title\\=KEPUTUSAN PILIHAN RAYA UMUM KE\\-12\\|website\\=semak.spr.gov.my}}",
"He also contested in the 1964 elections in [Damansara](/wiki/Damansara_%28Selangor_federal_constituency%29 \"Damansara (Selangor federal constituency)\") the seat that had been won by Karam Singh Veriah in 1959\\. However, he was narrowly beaten in a three\\-way contest by 546 votes as Michael Chen Wing Sum of the MCA/Alliance Party got 9,144 votes while he obtained 8,602 and PAP's Lam Khuan Kit trailed in third with 3,191 votes.",
"In 1965, he was arrested alongside other Socialist Front leaders such as chairman Hasnul Hadi and secretary\\-general Tajuddin Kahar as they were planning a demonstration to commemorate the second anniversary of the detention of former Setapak MP and Socialist Front leader [Ahmad Boestamam](/wiki/Ahmad_Boestamam \"Ahmad Boestamam\").{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://aliran.com/200810/the\\-labour\\-party\\-of\\-malaya\\-19521972/\\|title\\=The Labour Party of Malaya, 1952–1972\\|date\\=20 February 2009}}",
"Tan was detained for 8 years during which time the Socialist Front was dissolved and the Labour Party of Malaya became first dormant, then defunct with a number of its leaders like [Tan Chee Khoon](/wiki/Tan_Chee_Khoon \"Tan Chee Khoon\") and V. David going on to form [Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia](/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia \"Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia\").",
"In the initial years following his release in 1973, Tan struggled to get a job. However, his luck turned in 1975, when he founded Hai\\-O Enterprise, a company that imported herbs and medicines from China.",
"After a slow start, he turned it into a multi\\-million [ringgit](/wiki/Ringgit \"Ringgit\") enterprise and also held positions in the Malaysia\\-China Friendship Association and the Malaysia\\-China Chamber of Commerce.",
"As he approached his 80s, Tan decided to hand over the day to day running of the company to his son Tan Keng Kang in 2016\\. The following year his wife Tan Siow Eng died.{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/02/23/hai\\-o\\-enterprise\\-founder\\-tan\\-kai\\-hee\\-passes\\-away\\-at\\-85\\|title\\=Hai\\-O Enterprise founder Tan Kai Hee passes away at 85\\|website\\=The Star}}",
"At his 80th birthday dinner in January 2017, he announced that he would give most of his Hai\\-O shares, reportedly worth over RM100million, to a trust fund he had set up to fund charitable works.{{Cite web\\|url\\=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/socialist\\-who\\-perceives\\-wealth\\-differently\\|title\\=The socialist who perceives wealth differently\\|author1\\=Kuek Ser Kwang Zhe\\|date\\=8 February 2017\\|website\\=The Edge Markets}}",
"In 2018, Tan published a book on his life called *Tan Kai Hee: Soaring Without Fear And Regrets*.{{cite book \\|last1\\=Tan \\|first1\\=Yen Fong \\|title\\=Tan Kai Hee : soaring without fear and regrets \\|date\\=2019\\|publisher\\=Kanyin Publications \\|location\\=Kuala Lumpur \\|isbn\\=9789671536469}}",
"Tan died on 22 February 2022, aged 85\\.",
""
] |
Second term as president
------------------------
{{Main\|Second presidency of Rómulo Betancourt}}
[right\|thumb\|U.S. President [John F. Kennedy](/wiki/John_F._Kennedy "John F. Kennedy") in December 1961 promoting the Alliance for Progress with Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt, who had invited Kennedy to this land redistribution ceremony in a Venezuelan village.{{cite book\|last1\=Rabe\|first1\=Stephen G.\|author\-link\=Stephen G. Rabe\|title\=The Most Dangerous Area in the World: John F. Kennedy Confronts Communist Revolution in Latin America\|date\=1999\|publisher\=University of North Carolina press\|location\=Chapel Hill\|isbn\=080784764X\|page\=\[https://books.google.com/books?id\=hVhuAwAAQBAJ\&pg\=PA101 101]}} Kennedy's wife, [Jacqueline](/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis "Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis"), addressed the audience in Spanish. Video of this ceremony [can be seen here](/wiki/Kennedy_in_Latin_America_1961_USIS.ogv "Kennedy in Latin America 1961 USIS.ogv").](/wiki/File:Alliance_for_Progress_in_Venezuela_1961.jpg "Alliance for Progress in Venezuela 1961.jpg")
A decade later, after Pérez Jiménez was ousted, Betancourt was elected president in the [general election of 1958](/wiki/1958_Venezuelan_general_election "1958 Venezuelan general election"), becoming the first leader of the [Punto Fijo Pact](/wiki/Punto_Fijo_Pact "Punto Fijo Pact"). Having inherited a well constructed country but with the need to give more education to its people, Betancourt nevertheless managed to return the state to fiscal solvency despite the rock\-bottom petroleum prices throughout his presidency.
In 1960 two important institutions were created by [Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso](/wiki/Juan_Pablo_P%C3%A9rez_Alfonso "Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso"), Betancourt's minister of Mines and Hydrocarbons: the Venezuelan Petroleum Corporation (Corporación Venezolana del Petróleo — [CVP](/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leos_de_Venezuela_S.A. "Petróleos de Venezuela S.A.")), conceived to oversee the national petroleum industry, and the [Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries](/wiki/Organization_of_the_Petroleum_Exporting_Countries "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries") ([OPEC](/wiki/OPEC "OPEC")), the international oil cartel that Venezuela established in partnership with [Kuwait](/wiki/Kuwait "Kuwait"), [Saudi Arabia](/wiki/Saudi_Arabia "Saudi Arabia"), [Iraq](/wiki/Iraq "Iraq"), and [Iran](/wiki/Iran "Iran"). Considered a radical revolutionary idea at the time by its opponents, but essential to Venezuela's independence and fiscal solvency by a visionary nationalistic Betancourt.
At an annual oil convention in Cairo, Venezuela's envoy, fluent in Arabic, convinced oil producing Middle Eastern countries to sign a secret agreement that promoted unity and control of their own national oil resources; under the noses of the British and American corporations that dominated the oil industry globally and had funded the event. Planting the seed for [OPEC](/wiki/OPEC "OPEC") that was founded in September 1960 at [Baghdad](/wiki/Baghdad "Baghdad"), Iraq. This movement was triggered by a 1960 law instituted by American President [Dwight Eisenhower](/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower "Dwight Eisenhower") that forced quotas for Venezuelan oil and favored Canada and Mexico's oil industries. Eisenhower cited national security, land access to energy supplies, at times of war. Betancourt reacted seeking an alliance with oil producers of Middle Orient and North Africa as a pre\-emptive strategy to protect the continuous autonomy and profitability of Venezuela's oil, establishing a strong link between the South American nation and the OPEC countries that survives to this day.
On a scenario of suspended economic guarantees, special situation derived from the Castro\-communist armed insurrection, Betancourt adopted the [CEPAL](/wiki/CEPAL "CEPAL") model of substitution of imports in order to achieve a fast track to development through industrialization that succeeds in replacing imported goods with locally produced goods. The government strategy include tax exceptions to attract capital investment and terrains at low cost to facilitate foreign suppliers to build plants for the assembly or packaging of finished products, closing the economy to trade through excessive tax to similar imported goods, import quotas to reduce foreign competition or other quantitative restrictions that prohibited imports. In addition, the Central Bank overestimated the Bolivar to cut down prices of imported inputs and promote export\-oriented growth. Large road\-building, and electrical power programs as the construction of [Guri Dam](/wiki/Guri_Dam "Guri Dam") Phase I were carried out, transforming Venezuela into a modernized Latin American nation.
### Agrarian reform
[thumb\|Betancourt's inaugural address in 1959](/wiki/File:R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt_59.jpg "Rómulo Betancourt 59.jpg")
AD's land reform distributed unproductive private properties and public lands to halt the decline in agricultural production. Landowners who had their properties confiscated received compensation.{{Citation needed\|reason\=Reliable source and further detail needed\|date\=July 2019}}
### FALN guerrilla group
Betancourt also faced determined opposition from extremists and rebellious army units, yet he continued to push for economic and educational reform. A fraction split from the AD and formed the [Revolutionary Left Movement](/wiki/Revolutionary_Left_Movement_%28Venezuela%29 "Revolutionary Left Movement (Venezuela)") (MIR). When leftists were involved in unsuccessful revolts at Barcelona (*[El Barcelonazo](/wiki/El_Barcelonazo "El Barcelonazo")*) in 1961 and in navy bases in 1962 (*[El Carupanazo](/wiki/El_Carupanazo "El Carupanazo")*, [Carúpano](/wiki/Car%C3%BApano "Carúpano"), and *[El Porteñazo](/wiki/El_Porte%C3%B1azo "El Porteñazo")*, [Puerto Cabello](/wiki/Puerto_Cabello "Puerto Cabello")), Betancourt suspended civil liberties. Elements of the left parties then formed the [Armed Forces for National Liberation](/wiki/Fuerzas_Armadas_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_%28Venezuela%29 "Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (Venezuela)") (FALN), a communist guerrilla army to fight him. This drove the leftists underground, where they engaged in rural and urban guerrilla activities, including sabotaging oil pipelines, bombing a [Sears Roebuck](/wiki/Sears_Roebuck "Sears Roebuck") warehouse, [Alfredo Di Stefano](/wiki/Alfredo_Di_Stefano "Alfredo Di Stefano") kidnapping, and bombing the [United States Embassy in Caracas](/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States%2C_Caracas "Embassy of the United States, Caracas").{{Cite web\|title\=Cronología de historia de Venezuela y eventos mundiales • Fundación Empresas Polar\|url\=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/\_custom/static/cronologia\_hv/index.html\|access\-date\=2021\-06\-29}} FALN failed to rally the rural poor and to disrupt the [December 1963 elections](/wiki/1963_Venezuelan_general_election "1963 Venezuelan general election").
After numerous attacks, he finally arrested the MIR and [Communist Party of Venezuela](/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Venezuela "Communist Party of Venezuela") (PCV) members of [Congress](/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Venezuela "National Assembly of Venezuela"). It became clear that a leftist [Fidel Castro](/wiki/Fidel_Castro "Fidel Castro") had been arming the rebels, so Venezuela protested to the [Organization of American States](/wiki/Organization_of_American_States "Organization of American States") (OAS).
### Assassination attempt
{{Main\|Assassination attempt of Rómulo Betancourt}}
[thumb\|Explosion in [Paseo Los Próceres](/wiki/Paseo_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres "Paseo Los Próceres") during Betancourt's assassination attempt, 24 June 1960](/wiki/File:1960._Junio%2C_24._Atentado_a_R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt_en_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg "1960. Junio, 24. Atentado a Rómulo Betancourt en Los Próceres.jpg")
Betancourt had denounced the dictatorship of the [Dominican Republic](/wiki/Dominican_Republic "Dominican Republic")'s [Rafael Trujillo](/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo "Rafael Trujillo"). In turn, Trujillo had developed an obsessive personal hatred of Betancourt and supported many plots by Venezuelan exiles to overthrow him. The Venezuelan government took its case against Trujillo to the [Organization of American States](/wiki/Organization_of_American_States "Organization of American States"), turning to diplomacy first over armed response to resolve the political conflict. That, in turn, infuriated Trujillo, who ordered his foreign agents to assassinate Betancourt in Caracas. The 24 June 1960 attempt, in which the Venezuelan president was badly burned, inflamed world public opinion against Trujillo.
Photos of a wounded but living Betancourt were distributed around the world as proof he survived the assassination attempt that killed his head of security and severely injured the driver, who later died. An incendiary [car bomb](/wiki/Car_bomb "Car bomb"), which was in a parked vehicle, was detonated as his presidential car drove by one of the main avenues of [Caracas](/wiki/Caracas "Caracas"), which shocked the nation. With both burned hands wrapped in bandages, Betancourt walked out of the hospital in front of photographers. The incident elevated him in the eyes of the public opinion and helped to destroy one of his most ferocious Caribbean enemies at the same time.
### Constitutional government cabinet (1959–1964\)
{{Col\-begin}}
{{Col\-1\-of\-2}}
|MinistriesRómulo Betancourt Foundation (2007\). "Political Anthology of Rómulo Betancourt, Seventh Volume 1958–1964\."
| |
|**OFFICE****NAME****TERM**
|
|[President](/wiki/President_of_Venezuela "President of Venezuela")**Rómulo Betancourt**1959–1964
|Home Affairs**[Luis Augusto Dubuc](/wiki/Luis_Augusto_Dubuc "Luis Augusto Dubuc")**1959–1962
| **[Carlos Andrés Pérez](/wiki/Carlos_Andr%C3%A9s_P%C3%A9rez "Carlos Andrés Pérez")**1962–1963
| **Manuel Mantilla**1963–1964
|
|Foreign Relations**[Ignacio Luis Arcaya](/wiki/Ignacio_Luis_Arcaya "Ignacio Luis Arcaya")**1959–1960
| **[Marcos Falcón Briceño](/wiki/Marcos_Falc%C3%B3n_Brice%C3%B1o "Marcos Falcón Briceño")**1960–1964
|Finance**[José Antonio Mayobre](/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Mayobre "José Antonio Mayobre")**1959–1960
| **Tomás Enrique Carrillo Batalla**1960–1961
| **Andrés Germán Otero**1961–1964
|Defense**Josué López Hernández**1959–1961
| **Antonio Briceño Linares**1961–1964
|Development**[Lorenzo Fernández](/wiki/Lorenzo_Fern%C3%A1ndez "Lorenzo Fernández")**1959–1961
| **Godofredo González**1961–1963
| **Hugo Pérez La Salvia**1963–1964
|Public Works**Santiago Hernández Ron**1959–1960
| **Rafael De León Alvarez**1960–1962
| **[Leopoldo Sucre Figarella](/wiki/Leopoldo_Sucre_Figarella "Leopoldo Sucre Figarella")** 1962–1964
|Education**[Rafael Pizani](/wiki/Rafael_Pizani "Rafael Pizani")**1959–1960
| **Martín Pérez Guevara**1960–1961
| **[Reinaldo Leandro Mora](/wiki/Reinaldo_Leandro_Mora "Reinaldo Leandro Mora")** 1961–1964
|Justice **Andrés Aguilar**1959–1962
| **Miguel Ángel Landáez**1962–1963
| **Ezequiel Monsalve**1963–1964
|Mines and Hydrocarbons**[Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso](/wiki/Juan_Pablo_P%C3%A9rez_Alfonso "Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso")**1959–1963
| **[Arturo Hernández Grisanti](/wiki/Arturo_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Grisanti "Arturo Hernández Grisanti")**1963–1964
|Labor**Luis Hernández Solís**1959–1960
| **[Raúl Valera](/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Valera "Raúl Valera")**1960–1963
| **Alberto Aranguren Zamora**1963–1964
|Communications**Manuel López Rivas**1959–1960
| **Juan Manuel Domínguez Chacín**1960
| **Pablo Miliani**1960–1964
|Agriculture**Victor Manuel Giménez Landínez**1959–1963
| **Miguel Rodríguez Viso**1963–1964
|Health and Social Assistance**[Arnoldo Gabaldón](/wiki/Arnoldo_Gabald%C3%B3n "Arnoldo Gabaldón")**1959–1964
|Secretary of Presidency**[Ramón José Velásquez](/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Jos%C3%A9_Vel%C3%A1squez "Ramón José Velásquez")**1959–1963
| **[Mariano Picón Salas](/wiki/Mariano_Pic%C3%B3n_Salas "Mariano Picón Salas")**1963–1964
|Office of Coordination and Planification**[Manuel Pérez Guerrero](/wiki/Manuel_P%C3%A9rez_Guerrero "Manuel Pérez Guerrero")**1959–1962
| **[Héctor Hurtado](/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Hurtado "Héctor Hurtado")**1962–1964
|[CVG](/wiki/Corporaci%C3%B3n_Venezolana_de_Guayana "Corporación Venezolana de Guayana")**[Rafael Alfonzo Ravard](/wiki/Rafael_Alfonzo_Ravard "Rafael Alfonzo Ravard")**1960–1964
{{Clear}}
{{Col\-2\-of\-2}}
{{Col\-end}}
### 1963 elections
{{Unreferenced section\|date\=November 2021}}{{Main\|1963 Venezuelan general election}}
Perhaps one of the greatest of Betancourt's accomplishments was success in the [1963 elections](/wiki/1963_Venezuelan_general_election "1963 Venezuelan general election"). Despite threats to disrupt the process, nearly 90 percent of the electorate participated on 1 December in what was the most honest election in Venezuela to that date. 11 March 1964 was a day of pride for the people of Venezuela as for the first time the presidential sash passed from one democratically elected chief executive to another. Prior to Betancourt changing the law, all presidents in Venezuela were elected by Congress – in typical republic model.
He was Venezuela's first democratically elected president to serve his full term, and was succeeded by [Raúl Leoni](/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Leoni "Raúl Leoni"). It was Romulo Betancourt who established a democratic precedent for the nation that had been ruled by dictatorships for most of its history. It was 'revolution' by popular vote, without historical reference until then; Betancourt created the political model that had survived in Venezuela for many years afterward.
### Betancourt Doctrine
{{Social democracy sidebar\|}}{{Main\|Betancourt Doctrine}}
{{Socialism sidebar}}
[left\|thumb\|200px\|Rómulo Betancourt during a speech to a group of officers](/wiki/File:R%C3%B3mulo_y_Militares.jpg "Rómulo y Militares.jpg")
The Venezuelan president's antipathy for nondemocratic rule was reflected in the so\-called [Betancourt Doctrine](/wiki/Betancourt_Doctrine "Betancourt Doctrine"), which denied Venezuelan diplomatic recognition to any regime, right or left, that came to power by military force. Betancourt always defended, and represented, democratic values and principles in Latin America. This put him at odds with the military strongmen who came to dominate and define political perception of the region.
During his first message to Congress as President of Venezuela, on 12 February 1959, Betancourt said:
> "... Regimes disrespectful of human rights, violating their citizens´ freedom, tyrannizing them with the backing of totalitarian political police, should be submitted to a rigorous sanitary cordon and eradicated, through collective pacification, from the Inter\-American juridical community"The Daily Journal, 16 May 1977\. (Rómulo Betancourt, The) "Return of the Warrior"
It was during the tense [Cuban Missile Crisis](/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis "Cuban Missile Crisis"), between the United States and Cuba, the relationship between President Kennedy and President Betancourt became closer than ever. Establishing a direct phone link between the White House and Miraflores (Presidential Palace) since the Venezuelan president had ample experience on dealing, defeating and surviving, actions of Caribbean regimes.
These conversations between both presidents were translated by Betancourt's only child, [Virginia Betancourt Valverde](/wiki/Virginia_Betancourt "Virginia Betancourt"), who served as interpreter and confidant to her father.
Later president [Rafael Caldera](/wiki/Rafael_Caldera "Rafael Caldera") distanced himself from the doctrine, which he thought had
served to isolate Venezuela in the world. A thesis that continues to be debated among academics and intellectuals who see in Betancourt not an isolationist but a courageous defender of democratic principles in the midst of adversity and ferreous enemies.
|
[
"Second term as president\n------------------------",
"{{Main\\|Second presidency of Rómulo Betancourt}}\n[right\\|thumb\\|U.S. President [John F. Kennedy](/wiki/John_F._Kennedy \"John F. Kennedy\") in December 1961 promoting the Alliance for Progress with Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt, who had invited Kennedy to this land redistribution ceremony in a Venezuelan village.{{cite book\\|last1\\=Rabe\\|first1\\=Stephen G.\\|author\\-link\\=Stephen G. Rabe\\|title\\=The Most Dangerous Area in the World: John F. Kennedy Confronts Communist Revolution in Latin America\\|date\\=1999\\|publisher\\=University of North Carolina press\\|location\\=Chapel Hill\\|isbn\\=080784764X\\|page\\=\\[https://books.google.com/books?id\\=hVhuAwAAQBAJ\\&pg\\=PA101 101]}} Kennedy's wife, [Jacqueline](/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis \"Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis\"), addressed the audience in Spanish. Video of this ceremony [can be seen here](/wiki/Kennedy_in_Latin_America_1961_USIS.ogv \"Kennedy in Latin America 1961 USIS.ogv\").](/wiki/File:Alliance_for_Progress_in_Venezuela_1961.jpg \"Alliance for Progress in Venezuela 1961.jpg\")",
"A decade later, after Pérez Jiménez was ousted, Betancourt was elected president in the [general election of 1958](/wiki/1958_Venezuelan_general_election \"1958 Venezuelan general election\"), becoming the first leader of the [Punto Fijo Pact](/wiki/Punto_Fijo_Pact \"Punto Fijo Pact\"). Having inherited a well constructed country but with the need to give more education to its people, Betancourt nevertheless managed to return the state to fiscal solvency despite the rock\\-bottom petroleum prices throughout his presidency.",
"In 1960 two important institutions were created by [Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso](/wiki/Juan_Pablo_P%C3%A9rez_Alfonso \"Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso\"), Betancourt's minister of Mines and Hydrocarbons: the Venezuelan Petroleum Corporation (Corporación Venezolana del Petróleo — [CVP](/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leos_de_Venezuela_S.A. \"Petróleos de Venezuela S.A.\")), conceived to oversee the national petroleum industry, and the [Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries](/wiki/Organization_of_the_Petroleum_Exporting_Countries \"Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries\") ([OPEC](/wiki/OPEC \"OPEC\")), the international oil cartel that Venezuela established in partnership with [Kuwait](/wiki/Kuwait \"Kuwait\"), [Saudi Arabia](/wiki/Saudi_Arabia \"Saudi Arabia\"), [Iraq](/wiki/Iraq \"Iraq\"), and [Iran](/wiki/Iran \"Iran\"). Considered a radical revolutionary idea at the time by its opponents, but essential to Venezuela's independence and fiscal solvency by a visionary nationalistic Betancourt.",
"At an annual oil convention in Cairo, Venezuela's envoy, fluent in Arabic, convinced oil producing Middle Eastern countries to sign a secret agreement that promoted unity and control of their own national oil resources; under the noses of the British and American corporations that dominated the oil industry globally and had funded the event. Planting the seed for [OPEC](/wiki/OPEC \"OPEC\") that was founded in September 1960 at [Baghdad](/wiki/Baghdad \"Baghdad\"), Iraq. This movement was triggered by a 1960 law instituted by American President [Dwight Eisenhower](/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower \"Dwight Eisenhower\") that forced quotas for Venezuelan oil and favored Canada and Mexico's oil industries. Eisenhower cited national security, land access to energy supplies, at times of war. Betancourt reacted seeking an alliance with oil producers of Middle Orient and North Africa as a pre\\-emptive strategy to protect the continuous autonomy and profitability of Venezuela's oil, establishing a strong link between the South American nation and the OPEC countries that survives to this day.",
"On a scenario of suspended economic guarantees, special situation derived from the Castro\\-communist armed insurrection, Betancourt adopted the [CEPAL](/wiki/CEPAL \"CEPAL\") model of substitution of imports in order to achieve a fast track to development through industrialization that succeeds in replacing imported goods with locally produced goods. The government strategy include tax exceptions to attract capital investment and terrains at low cost to facilitate foreign suppliers to build plants for the assembly or packaging of finished products, closing the economy to trade through excessive tax to similar imported goods, import quotas to reduce foreign competition or other quantitative restrictions that prohibited imports. In addition, the Central Bank overestimated the Bolivar to cut down prices of imported inputs and promote export\\-oriented growth. Large road\\-building, and electrical power programs as the construction of [Guri Dam](/wiki/Guri_Dam \"Guri Dam\") Phase I were carried out, transforming Venezuela into a modernized Latin American nation.",
"### Agrarian reform",
"[thumb\\|Betancourt's inaugural address in 1959](/wiki/File:R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt_59.jpg \"Rómulo Betancourt 59.jpg\")\nAD's land reform distributed unproductive private properties and public lands to halt the decline in agricultural production. Landowners who had their properties confiscated received compensation.{{Citation needed\\|reason\\=Reliable source and further detail needed\\|date\\=July 2019}}",
"### FALN guerrilla group",
"Betancourt also faced determined opposition from extremists and rebellious army units, yet he continued to push for economic and educational reform. A fraction split from the AD and formed the [Revolutionary Left Movement](/wiki/Revolutionary_Left_Movement_%28Venezuela%29 \"Revolutionary Left Movement (Venezuela)\") (MIR). When leftists were involved in unsuccessful revolts at Barcelona (*[El Barcelonazo](/wiki/El_Barcelonazo \"El Barcelonazo\")*) in 1961 and in navy bases in 1962 (*[El Carupanazo](/wiki/El_Carupanazo \"El Carupanazo\")*, [Carúpano](/wiki/Car%C3%BApano \"Carúpano\"), and *[El Porteñazo](/wiki/El_Porte%C3%B1azo \"El Porteñazo\")*, [Puerto Cabello](/wiki/Puerto_Cabello \"Puerto Cabello\")), Betancourt suspended civil liberties. Elements of the left parties then formed the [Armed Forces for National Liberation](/wiki/Fuerzas_Armadas_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_%28Venezuela%29 \"Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (Venezuela)\") (FALN), a communist guerrilla army to fight him. This drove the leftists underground, where they engaged in rural and urban guerrilla activities, including sabotaging oil pipelines, bombing a [Sears Roebuck](/wiki/Sears_Roebuck \"Sears Roebuck\") warehouse, [Alfredo Di Stefano](/wiki/Alfredo_Di_Stefano \"Alfredo Di Stefano\") kidnapping, and bombing the [United States Embassy in Caracas](/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States%2C_Caracas \"Embassy of the United States, Caracas\").{{Cite web\\|title\\=Cronología de historia de Venezuela y eventos mundiales • Fundación Empresas Polar\\|url\\=https://bibliofep.fundacionempresaspolar.org/\\_custom/static/cronologia\\_hv/index.html\\|access\\-date\\=2021\\-06\\-29}} FALN failed to rally the rural poor and to disrupt the [December 1963 elections](/wiki/1963_Venezuelan_general_election \"1963 Venezuelan general election\").",
"After numerous attacks, he finally arrested the MIR and [Communist Party of Venezuela](/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Venezuela \"Communist Party of Venezuela\") (PCV) members of [Congress](/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Venezuela \"National Assembly of Venezuela\"). It became clear that a leftist [Fidel Castro](/wiki/Fidel_Castro \"Fidel Castro\") had been arming the rebels, so Venezuela protested to the [Organization of American States](/wiki/Organization_of_American_States \"Organization of American States\") (OAS).",
"### Assassination attempt",
"{{Main\\|Assassination attempt of Rómulo Betancourt}}\n[thumb\\|Explosion in [Paseo Los Próceres](/wiki/Paseo_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres \"Paseo Los Próceres\") during Betancourt's assassination attempt, 24 June 1960](/wiki/File:1960._Junio%2C_24._Atentado_a_R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt_en_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg \"1960. Junio, 24. Atentado a Rómulo Betancourt en Los Próceres.jpg\")\nBetancourt had denounced the dictatorship of the [Dominican Republic](/wiki/Dominican_Republic \"Dominican Republic\")'s [Rafael Trujillo](/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo \"Rafael Trujillo\"). In turn, Trujillo had developed an obsessive personal hatred of Betancourt and supported many plots by Venezuelan exiles to overthrow him. The Venezuelan government took its case against Trujillo to the [Organization of American States](/wiki/Organization_of_American_States \"Organization of American States\"), turning to diplomacy first over armed response to resolve the political conflict. That, in turn, infuriated Trujillo, who ordered his foreign agents to assassinate Betancourt in Caracas. The 24 June 1960 attempt, in which the Venezuelan president was badly burned, inflamed world public opinion against Trujillo.",
"Photos of a wounded but living Betancourt were distributed around the world as proof he survived the assassination attempt that killed his head of security and severely injured the driver, who later died. An incendiary [car bomb](/wiki/Car_bomb \"Car bomb\"), which was in a parked vehicle, was detonated as his presidential car drove by one of the main avenues of [Caracas](/wiki/Caracas \"Caracas\"), which shocked the nation. With both burned hands wrapped in bandages, Betancourt walked out of the hospital in front of photographers. The incident elevated him in the eyes of the public opinion and helped to destroy one of his most ferocious Caribbean enemies at the same time.",
"### Constitutional government cabinet (1959–1964\\)",
"{{Col\\-begin}}",
"{{Col\\-1\\-of\\-2}}",
"|MinistriesRómulo Betancourt Foundation (2007\\). \"Political Anthology of Rómulo Betancourt, Seventh Volume 1958–1964\\.\"",
"| |\n|**OFFICE****NAME****TERM**",
"|",
"|[President](/wiki/President_of_Venezuela \"President of Venezuela\")**Rómulo Betancourt**1959–1964",
"|Home Affairs**[Luis Augusto Dubuc](/wiki/Luis_Augusto_Dubuc \"Luis Augusto Dubuc\")**1959–1962",
"| **[Carlos Andrés Pérez](/wiki/Carlos_Andr%C3%A9s_P%C3%A9rez \"Carlos Andrés Pérez\")**1962–1963",
"| **Manuel Mantilla**1963–1964",
"|",
"|Foreign Relations**[Ignacio Luis Arcaya](/wiki/Ignacio_Luis_Arcaya \"Ignacio Luis Arcaya\")**1959–1960",
"| **[Marcos Falcón Briceño](/wiki/Marcos_Falc%C3%B3n_Brice%C3%B1o \"Marcos Falcón Briceño\")**1960–1964",
"|Finance**[José Antonio Mayobre](/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Mayobre \"José Antonio Mayobre\")**1959–1960",
"| **Tomás Enrique Carrillo Batalla**1960–1961",
"| **Andrés Germán Otero**1961–1964",
"|Defense**Josué López Hernández**1959–1961",
"| **Antonio Briceño Linares**1961–1964",
"|Development**[Lorenzo Fernández](/wiki/Lorenzo_Fern%C3%A1ndez \"Lorenzo Fernández\")**1959–1961",
"| **Godofredo González**1961–1963",
"| **Hugo Pérez La Salvia**1963–1964",
"|Public Works**Santiago Hernández Ron**1959–1960",
"| **Rafael De León Alvarez**1960–1962",
"| **[Leopoldo Sucre Figarella](/wiki/Leopoldo_Sucre_Figarella \"Leopoldo Sucre Figarella\")** 1962–1964",
"|Education**[Rafael Pizani](/wiki/Rafael_Pizani \"Rafael Pizani\")**1959–1960",
"| **Martín Pérez Guevara**1960–1961",
"| **[Reinaldo Leandro Mora](/wiki/Reinaldo_Leandro_Mora \"Reinaldo Leandro Mora\")** 1961–1964",
"|Justice **Andrés Aguilar**1959–1962",
"| **Miguel Ángel Landáez**1962–1963",
"| **Ezequiel Monsalve**1963–1964",
"|Mines and Hydrocarbons**[Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso](/wiki/Juan_Pablo_P%C3%A9rez_Alfonso \"Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso\")**1959–1963",
"| **[Arturo Hernández Grisanti](/wiki/Arturo_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Grisanti \"Arturo Hernández Grisanti\")**1963–1964",
"|Labor**Luis Hernández Solís**1959–1960",
"| **[Raúl Valera](/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Valera \"Raúl Valera\")**1960–1963",
"| **Alberto Aranguren Zamora**1963–1964",
"|Communications**Manuel López Rivas**1959–1960",
"| **Juan Manuel Domínguez Chacín**1960",
"| **Pablo Miliani**1960–1964",
"|Agriculture**Victor Manuel Giménez Landínez**1959–1963",
"| **Miguel Rodríguez Viso**1963–1964",
"|Health and Social Assistance**[Arnoldo Gabaldón](/wiki/Arnoldo_Gabald%C3%B3n \"Arnoldo Gabaldón\")**1959–1964",
"|Secretary of Presidency**[Ramón José Velásquez](/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Jos%C3%A9_Vel%C3%A1squez \"Ramón José Velásquez\")**1959–1963",
"| **[Mariano Picón Salas](/wiki/Mariano_Pic%C3%B3n_Salas \"Mariano Picón Salas\")**1963–1964",
"|Office of Coordination and Planification**[Manuel Pérez Guerrero](/wiki/Manuel_P%C3%A9rez_Guerrero \"Manuel Pérez Guerrero\")**1959–1962",
"| **[Héctor Hurtado](/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Hurtado \"Héctor Hurtado\")**1962–1964",
"|[CVG](/wiki/Corporaci%C3%B3n_Venezolana_de_Guayana \"Corporación Venezolana de Guayana\")**[Rafael Alfonzo Ravard](/wiki/Rafael_Alfonzo_Ravard \"Rafael Alfonzo Ravard\")**1960–1964",
"",
"{{Clear}}",
"{{Col\\-2\\-of\\-2}}",
"{{Col\\-end}}",
"### 1963 elections",
"{{Unreferenced section\\|date\\=November 2021}}{{Main\\|1963 Venezuelan general election}}\nPerhaps one of the greatest of Betancourt's accomplishments was success in the [1963 elections](/wiki/1963_Venezuelan_general_election \"1963 Venezuelan general election\"). Despite threats to disrupt the process, nearly 90 percent of the electorate participated on 1 December in what was the most honest election in Venezuela to that date. 11 March 1964 was a day of pride for the people of Venezuela as for the first time the presidential sash passed from one democratically elected chief executive to another. Prior to Betancourt changing the law, all presidents in Venezuela were elected by Congress – in typical republic model.",
"He was Venezuela's first democratically elected president to serve his full term, and was succeeded by [Raúl Leoni](/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Leoni \"Raúl Leoni\"). It was Romulo Betancourt who established a democratic precedent for the nation that had been ruled by dictatorships for most of its history. It was 'revolution' by popular vote, without historical reference until then; Betancourt created the political model that had survived in Venezuela for many years afterward.",
"### Betancourt Doctrine",
"{{Social democracy sidebar\\|}}{{Main\\|Betancourt Doctrine}}\n{{Socialism sidebar}}\n[left\\|thumb\\|200px\\|Rómulo Betancourt during a speech to a group of officers](/wiki/File:R%C3%B3mulo_y_Militares.jpg \"Rómulo y Militares.jpg\")\nThe Venezuelan president's antipathy for nondemocratic rule was reflected in the so\\-called [Betancourt Doctrine](/wiki/Betancourt_Doctrine \"Betancourt Doctrine\"), which denied Venezuelan diplomatic recognition to any regime, right or left, that came to power by military force. Betancourt always defended, and represented, democratic values and principles in Latin America. This put him at odds with the military strongmen who came to dominate and define political perception of the region.\nDuring his first message to Congress as President of Venezuela, on 12 February 1959, Betancourt said:",
"> \"... Regimes disrespectful of human rights, violating their citizens´ freedom, tyrannizing them with the backing of totalitarian political police, should be submitted to a rigorous sanitary cordon and eradicated, through collective pacification, from the Inter\\-American juridical community\"The Daily Journal, 16 May 1977\\. (Rómulo Betancourt, The) \"Return of the Warrior\"",
"",
"It was during the tense [Cuban Missile Crisis](/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis \"Cuban Missile Crisis\"), between the United States and Cuba, the relationship between President Kennedy and President Betancourt became closer than ever. Establishing a direct phone link between the White House and Miraflores (Presidential Palace) since the Venezuelan president had ample experience on dealing, defeating and surviving, actions of Caribbean regimes.",
"These conversations between both presidents were translated by Betancourt's only child, [Virginia Betancourt Valverde](/wiki/Virginia_Betancourt \"Virginia Betancourt\"), who served as interpreter and confidant to her father.",
"Later president [Rafael Caldera](/wiki/Rafael_Caldera \"Rafael Caldera\") distanced himself from the doctrine, which he thought had\nserved to isolate Venezuela in the world. A thesis that continues to be debated among academics and intellectuals who see in Betancourt not an isolationist but a courageous defender of democratic principles in the midst of adversity and ferreous enemies.",
""
] |
Career
------
### 1989–2002: Early roles
He made his television debut in the ABC made for television film *[She'll Take Romance](/wiki/She%27ll_Take_Romance "She'll Take Romance")* (1990\). After minor roles in the neo\-noir *[Past Midnight](/wiki/Past_Midnight "Past Midnight")* (1991\) and the romantic comedy *[Singles](/wiki/Singles_%281992_film%29 "Singles (1992 film)")* (1992\) he acted in [Woody Allen](/wiki/Woody_Allen "Woody Allen")'s comedy film *[Mighty Aphrodite](/wiki/Mighty_Aphrodite "Mighty Aphrodite")* (1995\) and [Sydney Pollack](/wiki/Sydney_Pollack "Sydney Pollack")'s romantic comedy remake *[Sabrina](/wiki/Sabrina_%281995_film%29 "Sabrina (1995 film)")* (1995\). That same year in March, he made his [Broadway](/wiki/Broadway_%28theatre%29 "Broadway (theatre)") debut in [Tom Stoppard](/wiki/Tom_Stoppard "Tom Stoppard")'s *[Arcadia](/wiki/Arcadia_%28play%29 "Arcadia (play)")* portraying Ezra Chater. [Vincent Canby](/wiki/Vincent_Canby "Vincent Canby") describe the role as being "a helplessly funny subsidiary" one.{{cite news\|url\= https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/31/theater/theater\-review\-arcadia\-stoppard\-s\-comedy\-of\-1809\-and\-now.html\|title\= THEATER REVIEW: ARCADIA; Stoppard's Comedy Of 1809 And Now\|work\= The New York Times\|date\= March 31, 1995\|accessdate\= September 11, 2023\|last1\= Canby\|first1\= Vincent}} In November he portrayed The Rev. Donald Bacon in [David Hare](/wiki/David_Hare_%28playwright%29 "David Hare (playwright)")'s *[Racing Demon](/wiki/Racing_Demon_%28play%29 "Racing Demon (play)")*. Both of these productions took place at the [Lincoln Center Theater](/wiki/Lincoln_Center_Theater "Lincoln Center Theater").
In 1997, Giamatti landed his first high\-profile role as Kenny "Pig Vomit" Rushton in the film adaptation of [Howard Stern](/wiki/Howard_Stern "Howard Stern")'s *[Private Parts](/wiki/Private_Parts_%281997_film%29 "Private Parts (1997 film)")*. Stern praised Giamatti's performance often on [his radio program](/wiki/The_Howard_Stern_Show "The Howard Stern Show"), calling for him to be nominated for the [Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor"). [Roger Ebert](/wiki/Roger_Ebert "Roger Ebert") of the *[Chicago Sun\-Times](/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times "Chicago Sun-Times")* described Giamatti's performance as being "well played".{{cite web\|url\= https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/private\-parts\-1997\|title\= Private Parts movie review\|website\= Rogerebert.com\|accessdate\= September 11, 2023}} That same year he reunited with Woody Allen, acting in the comedy *[Deconstructing Harry](/wiki/Deconstructing_Harry "Deconstructing Harry")* (1997\). He also took a small but memorable role as Richard the Bellman in the [Julia Roberts](/wiki/Julia_Roberts "Julia Roberts")\-led romantic comedy *[My Best Friend's Wedding](/wiki/My_Best_Friend%27s_Wedding "My Best Friend's Wedding")* (1997\). That same year he returned to Broadway, playing Andrei Prozorov in the revival of [Anton Chekov](/wiki/Anton_Chekov "Anton Chekov")'s *[Three Sisters](/wiki/Three_Sisters_%28play%29 "Three Sisters (play)")*. Greg Evans of *[Variety](/wiki/Variety_%28magazine%29 "Variety (magazine)")* wrote, "\[Giamatti,] as the sisters’ pensive, dispirited brother Andrei, plays urban neurosis like a Richard Lewis stand\-up routine, then slides into shaky\-voiced melodrama when the going gets tough".{{cite web\|url\= https://variety.com/1997/legit/reviews/three\-sisters\-6\-1200448692/\|title\= Three Sisters\|website\= Variety\|date\= February 23, 1997\|accessdate\= September 11, 2023}}
In 1998, Giamatti appeared in a number of supporting roles in the big\-budget films including [Peter Weir](/wiki/Peter_Weir "Peter Weir")'s drama *[The Truman Show](/wiki/The_Truman_Show "The Truman Show")*, [Steven Spielberg](/wiki/Steven_Spielberg "Steven Spielberg")'s [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II "World War II") drama *[Saving Private Ryan](/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan "Saving Private Ryan"),* and the action thriller *[The Negotiator](/wiki/The_Negotiator "The Negotiator")*. In 1999, he played [Bob Zmuda](/wiki/Bob_Zmuda "Bob Zmuda") and [Tony Clifton](/wiki/Tony_Clifton "Tony Clifton") in [Miloš Forman](/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman "Miloš Forman")'s [Andy Kaufman](/wiki/Andy_Kaufman "Andy Kaufman") biopic, *[Man on the Moon](/wiki/Man_on_the_Moon_%28film%29 "Man on the Moon (film)")*. Giamatti continued working steadily during the early 2000s by appearing in major studio releases including *[Duets](/wiki/Duets_%28film%29 "Duets (film)")* (2000\), *[Big Momma's House](/wiki/Big_Momma%27s_House "Big Momma's House")* (2000\), *[Planet of the Apes](/wiki/Planet_of_the_Apes_%282001_film%29 "Planet of the Apes (2001 film)")* (2001\) and *[Big Fat Liar](/wiki/Big_Fat_Liar "Big Fat Liar")* (2002\).
### 2003–2015: Established actor
In 2003, Giamatti began to earn critical acclaim after his lead role in the film *[American Splendor](/wiki/American_Splendor_%28film%29 "American Splendor (film)")*. In 2004, Giamatti gained mainstream recognition and fame with the independent romantic comedy *[Sideways](/wiki/Sideways "Sideways")*. His portrayal of a depressed writer vacationing in the Santa Barbara wine country garnered him a [Golden Globe](/wiki/Golden_Globe "Golden Globe") nomination and an [Independent Spirit Award](/wiki/Independent_Spirit_Award "Independent Spirit Award") and he was named Best Actor in a Leading Role by several significant film critics groups (New York, Chicago, Toronto, San Francisco, Online Film Critics).
Following the commercial success of *Sideways*, Giamatti appeared in *[Cinderella Man](/wiki/Cinderella_Man "Cinderella Man")*, for which he earned an [Academy Award](/wiki/Academy_Award "Academy Award") nomination for Best Supporting Actor. He was nominated for a [Golden Globe](/wiki/Golden_Globe "Golden Globe") and won the [Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actor \- Motion Picture](/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor_-_Motion_Picture "Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture"). In 2006, Giamatti was the lead in [M. Night Shyamalan](/wiki/M._Night_Shyamalan "M. Night Shyamalan")'s *[Lady in the Water](/wiki/Lady_in_the_Water "Lady in the Water")*, a supernatural thriller, followed by the animated film *[The Ant Bully](/wiki/The_Ant_Bully_%28film%29 "The Ant Bully (film)")*, and Neil Burger's drama *[The Illusionist](/wiki/The_Illusionist_%282006_film%29 "The Illusionist (2006 film)")* co\-starring [Edward Norton](/wiki/Edward_Norton "Edward Norton").
[thumb\|upright\|Giamatti in 2010](/wiki/File:Paul_Giamatti_2010_TIFF.jpg "Paul Giamatti 2010 TIFF.jpg")
Giamatti had his first major role in an action movie in the 2007 film *[Shoot 'Em Up](/wiki/Shoot_%27Em_Up_%28film%29 "Shoot 'Em Up (film)")*, while starring in *[The Nanny Diaries](/wiki/The_Nanny_Diaries_%28film%29 "The Nanny Diaries (film)")* and *[Fred Claus](/wiki/Fred_Claus "Fred Claus")*. In 2008, Giamatti received an [Emmy Award](/wiki/Emmy_Award "Emmy Award"){{cite web\|url\=http://www.emmys.com/celebrities/paul\-giamatti \|title\=Paul Giamatti Emmy Award Winner \|publisher\=Emmys.com \|access\-date\=2014\-08\-03}} for [Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie](/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Lead_Actor_in_a_Miniseries_or_a_Movie "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie") for his [title performance](/wiki/John_Adams "John Adams") in the 2008 [HBO](/wiki/HBO "HBO") miniseries *[John Adams](/wiki/John_Adams_%28miniseries%29 "John Adams (miniseries)")*, as well as his first [Golden Globe Award](/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award "Golden Globe Award"){{Cite news\|url\=https://www.reuters.com/article/us\-goldenglobes\-television\-idUSTRE50B1BW20090112\|title\="John Adams," "30 Rock" big winners at Golden Globes\|date\=2009\-01\-12\|work\=Reuters\|access\-date\=2017\-07\-23}} for [Best Actor \- Miniseries or Television Film](/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Miniseries_or_Television_Film "Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film"), and also earned a [Screen Actors Guild](/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild "Screen Actors Guild") award. Barry Garron of *[The Hollywood Reporter](/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter "The Hollywood Reporter")* praised his performance, writing "Giamatti is brilliant as Adams. He is fearless in his portrayal, confident that the character’s all\-consuming sacrifices for his fledgling nation will more than compensate for his numerous character flaws".{{cite web\|url\= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie\-reviews/john\-adams\-125959/\|title\= John Adams\|website\= The Hollywood Reporter\|date\= March 13, 2008\|accessdate\= September 11, 2023}} William Thomas of *[Empire](/wiki/Empire_%28magazine%29 "Empire (magazine)")* agreed, adding "The acting, especially from Giamatti as the irascible Adams and Laura Linney as his wife Abigail, who steered him clear of vanity...has the tang of authenticity, even when burdened with great gulps of politicking".{{cite web\|url\= https://www.empireonline.com/tv/reviews/john\-adams\-review/\|title\= John Adams review\|website\= Empire\|date\= January 29, 2009\|accessdate\= September 11, 2023}} That same year, he starred in the independent film *[Pretty Bird](/wiki/Pretty_Bird "Pretty Bird")*, which is a fictionalized retelling about the drama behind the invention of a [rocketbelt](/wiki/Bell_Rocket_Belt "Bell Rocket Belt").{{cite web \|author\=craveonline \|url\=http://www.craveonline.com/filmtv/articles/04648582/4/paul\_giamatti's\_good\_times.html \|title\=Paul Giamatti's Good Times \|publisher\=Craveonline.com \|date\=2007\-09\-07 \|access\-date\=2014\-08\-03 \|url\-status\=dead \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422181726/http://www.craveonline.com/film \|archive\-date\=April 22, 2012 \|df\=mdy\-all }}
Giamatti received his second [Golden Globe](/wiki/Golden_Globe "Golden Globe"){{Cite news\|url\=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Paul\-Giamatti\-Wins\-Golden\-Globe\-for\-BARNEYS\-VERSION\-20110116\|title\=Paul Giamatti Wins Golden Globe for BARNEY'S VERSION\|author\=BWW News Desk\|work\=BroadwayWorld.com\|access\-date\=2017\-07\-23\|language\=en}} win for [Best Actor in a Motion Picture \- Musical or Comedy](/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy "Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy") for his role in the 2010 film, *[Barney's Version](/wiki/Barney%27s_Version_%28film%29 "Barney's Version (film)")*. *[The Associated Press](/wiki/The_Associated_Press "The Associated Press")* praised Giamatti, describing it as "pitch perfect", adding, "the picture undoubtedly will draw kudos in its home and native land and likely beyond, buoyed by that virtuouso Giamatti performance".{{cite web\|url\= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie\-reviews/barneys\-version\-film\-review\-29976/\|title\= Barney's Version movie review\|website\= The Hollywood Reporter\|date\= October 14, 2010\|accessdate\= September 11, 2023}} Giamatti starred as the lead in the comedy\-drama film *[Win Win](/wiki/Win_Win_%28film%29 "Win Win (film)")*, which earned positive reviews from critics.{{cite web\|url\=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/win\_win\_2011/\|access\-date\=March 12, 2011\|website\=Rotten Tomatoes\|title\=Win Win }} Scott Tobias of *[NPR](/wiki/NPR "NPR")* wrote of his performance, "By now, the Giamatti persona has been well\-defined — exasperation and despair, tempered by mordant wit—but the actor's every performance is like a snowflake, and here McCarthy provides him a role that's subtly down\-to\-earth".{{cite web\|url\=https://www.npr.org/2011/03/18/134204255/win\-win\-sad\-situations\-with\-attendant\-comedy\|title\= 'Win Win': Sad Situations, With Comedy Attendant\|website\= NPR\|accessdate\= September 11, 2023}} The same year he had small roles in *[Ironclad](/wiki/Ironclad_%28film%29 "Ironclad (film)")*, *[The Hangover Part II](/wiki/The_Hangover_Part_II "The Hangover Part II")* and *[The Ides of March](/wiki/The_Ides_of_March_%282011_film%29 "The Ides of March (2011 film)")*.
[thumb\|left\|upright\|Giamatti in 2013](/wiki/File:PaulGiamattiSept2013TIFF.jpg "PaulGiamattiSept2013TIFF.jpg")
In 2012, Giamatti became the voiceover actor for [Liberty Mutual](/wiki/Liberty_Mutual "Liberty Mutual") insurance commercials.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.libertymutualgroup.com/omapps/ContentServer?pagename\=LMGroup/Views/LMG\&ft\=3\&fid\=1138356780859 \|title\=Liberty Mutual Press Release \|publisher\=Libertymutualgroup.com \|access\-date\=2014\-01\-25}} He was the narrator for the [PBS](/wiki/PBS "PBS") *[Nature](/wiki/Nature_%28TV_series%29 "Nature (TV series)")* episode *An Original DUCKumentary*.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/an\-original\-duckumentary/full\-episode/8068/ \|title\=Watch An Original DUCKumentary Online \| Full Episode \| Nature \|date\=October 18, 2012 \|publisher\=PBS \|access\-date\=2014\-01\-25}} Giamatti produced and starred in *[John Dies at the End](/wiki/John_Dies_at_the_End_%28film%29 "John Dies at the End (film)")*, which is based on the book of the same name. He also had roles in the films *[Rock of Ages](/wiki/Rock_of_Ages_%282012_film%29 "Rock of Ages (2012 film)")* and *[Cosmopolis](/wiki/Cosmopolis_%28film%29 "Cosmopolis (film)")*.
In 2013, Giamatti returned to his [alma mater](/wiki/Alma_mater "Alma mater"), [Yale University](/wiki/Yale_University "Yale University"), to perform the [title role](/wiki/Title_role "Title role") in [Shakespeare](/wiki/Shakespeare "Shakespeare")'s *[Hamlet](/wiki/Hamlet "Hamlet")*, for which he won rave reviews in a sold\-out, [modern dress](/wiki/Modern_dress "Modern dress") stage production of the play at the [Yale Repertory Theatre](/wiki/Yale_Repertory_Theatre "Yale Repertory Theatre") in [New Haven](/wiki/New_Haven%2C_Connecticut "New Haven, Connecticut").{{cite web\|url\=https://huffingtonpost.com/marshall\-fine/onstage\-paul\-giamatti\-in\_b\_3050973\.html \|title\=Marshall Fine: Onstage: Paul Giamatti in Hamlet \|publisher\=Huffingtonpost.com \|date\=2013\-04\-10 \|access\-date\=2014\-01\-25}} He also had supporting roles in several films, including the animated *[Turbo](/wiki/Turbo_%282013_film%29 "Turbo (2013 film)")* and *[The Congress](/wiki/The_Congress_%282013_film%29 "The Congress (2013 film)")*, as well as *[Parkland](/wiki/Parkland_%28film%29 "Parkland (film)")*, *[Saving Mr. Banks](/wiki/Saving_Mr._Banks "Saving Mr. Banks")*, and the critically acclaimed *[12 Years a Slave](/wiki/12_Years_a_Slave_%28film%29 "12 Years a Slave (film)")*.{{cite news \|last\=Kit \|first\=Borys \|title\=Paul Giamatti, Samuel L. Jackson Join DreamWorks Animation's 'Turbo' (Exclusive) \|url\=https://hollywoodreporter.com/heat\-vision/paul\-giamatti\-samuel\-l\-jackson\-turbo\-294686 \|access\-date\=February 24, 2012 \|newspaper\=\[\[The Hollywood Reporter]] \|date\=February 23, 2012}}{{cite web\|url\=https://screenrant.com/saving\-mr\-banks\-paul\-giamatti\-jason\-schwartzman\-ruth\-wilson \|title\=ScreenRant \|date\=July 25, 2012 \|publisher\=screenrant.com \|access\-date\=26 July 2012}} In addition, Giamatti played the role of New Yorker Harold Levinson, the brother of Cora, the Countess of Grantham ([Elizabeth McGovern](/wiki/Elizabeth_McGovern "Elizabeth McGovern")), in the 2013 Christmas special of the [period drama](/wiki/Period_drama "Period drama"), [ITV Studios](/wiki/ITV_Studios "ITV Studios")/[Carnival Films](/wiki/Carnival_Films "Carnival Films") television series, *[Downton Abbey](/wiki/Downton_Abbey "Downton Abbey")*.[ITV](http://www.itv.com/downtonabbey/news/paul-giamatti-cast/) {{webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104042042/http://www.itv.com/downtonabbey/news/paul\-giamatti\-cast/\|date\=January 4, 2014}} For his performance he received a [Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series](/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Guest_Actor_in_a_Drama_Series "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series") nomination.
In 2014, Giamatti played villain [The Rhino](/wiki/Rhino_%28character%29 "Rhino (character)") in *[The Amazing Spider\-Man 2](/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man_2 "The Amazing Spider-Man 2")*.{{cite web \|url\=https://hollywoodreporter.com/heat\-vision/paul\-giamatti\-talks\-play\-rhino\-415899 \|title\=Paul Giamatti in Talks to Play The Rhino in 'Spider\-Man 2' (Exclusive)\|date\=January 28, 2013\|access\-date\=January 28, 2013\|last\=Kit\|first\=Borys\|work\=\[\[The Hollywood Reporter]]\|archive\-date\=January 30, 2013\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130042047/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat\-vision/paul\-giamatti\-talks\-play\-rhino\-415899\|url\-status\=live}} Also in 2014, Giamatti portrayed psychologist [Eugene Landy](/wiki/Eugene_Landy "Eugene Landy") in the [Brian Wilson](/wiki/Brian_Wilson "Brian Wilson") biopic *[Love \& Mercy](/wiki/Love_%26_Mercy_%28film%29 "Love & Mercy (film)")*. In 2015, Giamatti portrayed [N.W.A](/wiki/N.W.A "N.W.A") manager [Jerry Heller](/wiki/Jerry_Heller "Jerry Heller") in the biographical drama *[Straight Outta Compton](/wiki/Straight_Outta_Compton_%282015_film%29 "Straight Outta Compton (2015 film)")*. He also played a scientist in the disaster film *[San Andreas](/wiki/San_Andreas_%28film%29 "San Andreas (film)")*.{{Cite web\|last\=Rossetto\|first\=Tiziana\|date\=2015\-06\-04\|title\=How scientifically accurate is San Andreas? Rock solid or a bit faulty?\|url\=http://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2015/jun/04/san\-andreas\-earthquake\-movie\-is\-it\-accurate\|access\-date\=2022\-01\-13\|website\=the Guardian\|language\=en}}
### Since 2016
[thumb\|upright\|Giamatti in 2024](/wiki/File:Paul_Giamatti_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg "Paul Giamatti 2024 (cropped).jpg")
From 2016 to 2023, Giamatti played a lead role in the Showtime series *[Billions](/wiki/Billions_%28TV_series%29 "Billions (TV series)")*, portraying the [U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York](/wiki/U.S._Attorney_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York "U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York"). The show, debuting in 2016, is loosely based on a real event.{{Cite news\|title \= Manhattan U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara's Office Gets Hollywood Treatment in Showtime Series\|url \= https://www.wsj.com/articles/manhattan\-u\-s\-attorney\-preet\-bhararas\-office\-gets\-hollywood\-treatment\-in\-showtime\-series\-1451947972\|newspaper \= Wall Street Journal\|access\-date \= April 11, 2016\|issn \= 0099\-9660\|first \= Erica\|last \= Orden}} For the role he received a nomination for the [Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series](/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Television_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Drama_Series "Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series"). In 2016, Giamatti began appearing in commercials for [Prism TV](/wiki/Prism_TV "Prism TV"), the IPTV service owned by [CenturyLink](/wiki/CenturyLink "CenturyLink"); the spots are the first\-ever on\-camera TV commercial appearances for Giamatti.{{cite web\|last1\=Gianatasio\|first1\=David\|title\=Ad of the Day: Paul Giamatti Battles a Family of Movie Buffs in His First Ads Ever\|url\=http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising\-branding/ad\-day\-paul\-giamatti\-battles\-family\-movie\-buffs\-his\-first\-ads\-ever\-169933\|website\=www.adweek.com\|publisher\=Adweek\|access\-date\=8 May 2016\|date\=March 1, 2016}} In 2022, Giamatti appeared as [Scrooge](/wiki/Ebenezer_Scrooge "Ebenezer Scrooge") and [Einstein](/wiki/Albert_Einstein "Albert Einstein") in [Verizon](/wiki/Verizon "Verizon") commercials.{{cite web \| last\=Kemp \| first\=Audrey \| title\=US Ad of the Day: Paul Giamatti and Cecily Strong spread holiday cheer with Verizon \| website\=The Drum \| date\=November 15, 2022 \| url\=https://www.thedrum.com/news/2022/11/15/us\-ad\-the\-day\-paul\-giamatti\-and\-cecily\-strong\-spread\-holiday\-cheer\-with\-verizon \| access\-date\=December 5, 2022}} He served as an executive producer of the [WGN America](/wiki/WGN_America "WGN America") series *[Outsiders](/wiki/Outsiders_%28American_TV_series%29 "Outsiders (American TV series)")* (2016–2017\). He also lent his voice to *[BoJack Horseman](/wiki/BoJack_Horseman "BoJack Horseman")*, *[Rick and Morty](/wiki/Rick_and_Morty "Rick and Morty")* and *[Big Mouth](/wiki/Big_Mouth_%28American_TV_series%29 "Big Mouth (American TV series)")*.
In 2018, he starred in the [Tamara Jenkins](/wiki/Tamara_Jenkins "Tamara Jenkins") directed film *[Private Life](/wiki/Private_Life_%282018_film%29 "Private Life (2018 film)")*, acting alongside [Kathryn Hahn](/wiki/Kathryn_Hahn "Kathryn Hahn"). The film, distributed by [Netflix](/wiki/Netflix "Netflix"), received positive reviews. Alissa Wilkinson of *[Vox](/wiki/Vox_%28website%29 "Vox (website)")* praised the performances of the two leads, writing "Hahn and Giamatti bring their characteristic warmth\-with\-an\-edge to their characters, and as their relationship unpacks itself onscreen, it feels authentic and lived\-in".{{cite web\|url\= https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/1/26/16912914/private\-life\-review\-netflix\-tamara\-jenkins\-kathryn\-hahn\-paul\-giamatti\|title\= Private Life is a terrific, heartbreaking look at a marriage through the lens of infertility\|website\= Vox\|date\= January 26, 2018\|accessdate\= September 11, 2023}} That same year he acted in [Reed Morano](/wiki/Reed_Morano "Reed Morano")'s [post\-apocalyptic](/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction "Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction") romance drama *[I Think We're Alone Now](/wiki/I_Think_We%27re_Alone_Now_%28film%29 "I Think We're Alone Now (film)")* and portrayed [Samuel Goudsmit](/wiki/Samuel_Goudsmit "Samuel Goudsmit") in the war film *[The Catcher Was a Spy](/wiki/The_Catcher_Was_a_Spy_%28film%29 "The Catcher Was a Spy (film)")*. He returned to film in 2021, acting in the action thriller *[Gunpowder Milkshake](/wiki/Gunpowder_Milkshake "Gunpowder Milkshake")* and the family adventure film *[Jungle Cruise](/wiki/Jungle_Cruise_%28film%29 "Jungle Cruise (film)")*.
He reunited with [Alexander Payne](/wiki/Alexander_Payne "Alexander Payne") in the [coming\-of\-age](/wiki/Coming-of-age "Coming-of-age") film *[The Holdovers](/wiki/The_Holdovers "The Holdovers")* (2023\), which premiered at the [Telluride Film Festival](/wiki/Telluride_Film_Festival "Telluride Film Festival"). The film, distributed by [Focus Features](/wiki/Focus_Features "Focus Features"), received positive reviews, with critics praising Giamatti's performance as a curmudgeonly teacher. Pete Hammond of *[Deadline Hollywood](/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood "Deadline Hollywood")* declared, "Giamatti, who so memorably starred in Payne’s 2004 *[Sideways](/wiki/Sideways_%28film%29 "Sideways (film)")*, has never been better", adding "this is perfect casting for Giamatti."{{cite web\|url\= https://deadline.com/2023/09/the\-holdovers\-review\-alexander\-payne\-paul\-giamatti\-family\-telluride\-film\-festival\-1235534101/\|title\= 'The Holdovers' Review: Alexander Payne \& Paul Giamatti Make Movie Magic Again In Wry And Funny Comedy About Finding Family – Telluride Film Festival\|website\= Deadline Hollywood\|date\= September 2023\|accessdate\= September 11, 2023}} For his performance in *The Holdovers*, Giamatti received an [Academy Award for Best Actor](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor "Academy Award for Best Actor") nomination and won the [Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy](/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy "Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy"){{cite web\|url\= https://variety.com/2024/film/awards/paul\-giamatti\-golden\-globe\-best\-actor\-musical\-comedy\-1235862976/\|title\= Paul Giamatti Dedicates 'The Holdovers' Golden Globe Win to Teachers: 'They Do a Good Thing. It's a Tough Job.' \|website\= \[\[Variety (magazine)\|Variety]]\|date\= January 7, 2024\|accessdate\= January 8, 2024}} and the [Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor](/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Movie_Award_for_Best_Actor "Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor").{{cite web\|url\= https://deadline.com/2024/01/paul\-giamatti\-joke\-acceptance\-speech\-critics\-choice\-awards\-1235791476/\|title\= Paul Giamatti Jokes About 'Going Viral' For Eating In\-N\-Out In Acceptance Speech At Critics Choice Awards \|website\= \[\[Deadline Hollywood]]\|date\= January 14, 2024\|accessdate\= January 16, 2024}}
In 2024 it was announced that Giamatti would star in a TV series based on the [*Hostel* film series](/wiki/Hostel_%28film_series%29 "Hostel (film series)").{{Cite web \|last\=Goldberg \|first\=Lesley \|date\=2024\-06\-04 \|title\=‘Hostel’ TV Series Starring Paul Giamatti in the Works (Exclusive) \|url\=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv\-news/hostel\-tv\-show\-paul\-giamatti\-1235914723/ \|access\-date\=2024\-08\-01 \|website\=The Hollywood Reporter \|language\=en\-US}}
|
[
"Career\n------",
"### 1989–2002: Early roles",
"He made his television debut in the ABC made for television film *[She'll Take Romance](/wiki/She%27ll_Take_Romance \"She'll Take Romance\")* (1990\\). After minor roles in the neo\\-noir *[Past Midnight](/wiki/Past_Midnight \"Past Midnight\")* (1991\\) and the romantic comedy *[Singles](/wiki/Singles_%281992_film%29 \"Singles (1992 film)\")* (1992\\) he acted in [Woody Allen](/wiki/Woody_Allen \"Woody Allen\")'s comedy film *[Mighty Aphrodite](/wiki/Mighty_Aphrodite \"Mighty Aphrodite\")* (1995\\) and [Sydney Pollack](/wiki/Sydney_Pollack \"Sydney Pollack\")'s romantic comedy remake *[Sabrina](/wiki/Sabrina_%281995_film%29 \"Sabrina (1995 film)\")* (1995\\). That same year in March, he made his [Broadway](/wiki/Broadway_%28theatre%29 \"Broadway (theatre)\") debut in [Tom Stoppard](/wiki/Tom_Stoppard \"Tom Stoppard\")'s *[Arcadia](/wiki/Arcadia_%28play%29 \"Arcadia (play)\")* portraying Ezra Chater. [Vincent Canby](/wiki/Vincent_Canby \"Vincent Canby\") describe the role as being \"a helplessly funny subsidiary\" one.{{cite news\\|url\\= https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/31/theater/theater\\-review\\-arcadia\\-stoppard\\-s\\-comedy\\-of\\-1809\\-and\\-now.html\\|title\\= THEATER REVIEW: ARCADIA; Stoppard's Comedy Of 1809 And Now\\|work\\= The New York Times\\|date\\= March 31, 1995\\|accessdate\\= September 11, 2023\\|last1\\= Canby\\|first1\\= Vincent}} In November he portrayed The Rev. Donald Bacon in [David Hare](/wiki/David_Hare_%28playwright%29 \"David Hare (playwright)\")'s *[Racing Demon](/wiki/Racing_Demon_%28play%29 \"Racing Demon (play)\")*. Both of these productions took place at the [Lincoln Center Theater](/wiki/Lincoln_Center_Theater \"Lincoln Center Theater\").",
"In 1997, Giamatti landed his first high\\-profile role as Kenny \"Pig Vomit\" Rushton in the film adaptation of [Howard Stern](/wiki/Howard_Stern \"Howard Stern\")'s *[Private Parts](/wiki/Private_Parts_%281997_film%29 \"Private Parts (1997 film)\")*. Stern praised Giamatti's performance often on [his radio program](/wiki/The_Howard_Stern_Show \"The Howard Stern Show\"), calling for him to be nominated for the [Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor \"Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor\"). [Roger Ebert](/wiki/Roger_Ebert \"Roger Ebert\") of the *[Chicago Sun\\-Times](/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times \"Chicago Sun-Times\")* described Giamatti's performance as being \"well played\".{{cite web\\|url\\= https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/private\\-parts\\-1997\\|title\\= Private Parts movie review\\|website\\= Rogerebert.com\\|accessdate\\= September 11, 2023}} That same year he reunited with Woody Allen, acting in the comedy *[Deconstructing Harry](/wiki/Deconstructing_Harry \"Deconstructing Harry\")* (1997\\). He also took a small but memorable role as Richard the Bellman in the [Julia Roberts](/wiki/Julia_Roberts \"Julia Roberts\")\\-led romantic comedy *[My Best Friend's Wedding](/wiki/My_Best_Friend%27s_Wedding \"My Best Friend's Wedding\")* (1997\\). That same year he returned to Broadway, playing Andrei Prozorov in the revival of [Anton Chekov](/wiki/Anton_Chekov \"Anton Chekov\")'s *[Three Sisters](/wiki/Three_Sisters_%28play%29 \"Three Sisters (play)\")*. Greg Evans of *[Variety](/wiki/Variety_%28magazine%29 \"Variety (magazine)\")* wrote, \"\\[Giamatti,] as the sisters’ pensive, dispirited brother Andrei, plays urban neurosis like a Richard Lewis stand\\-up routine, then slides into shaky\\-voiced melodrama when the going gets tough\".{{cite web\\|url\\= https://variety.com/1997/legit/reviews/three\\-sisters\\-6\\-1200448692/\\|title\\= Three Sisters\\|website\\= Variety\\|date\\= February 23, 1997\\|accessdate\\= September 11, 2023}}",
"In 1998, Giamatti appeared in a number of supporting roles in the big\\-budget films including [Peter Weir](/wiki/Peter_Weir \"Peter Weir\")'s drama *[The Truman Show](/wiki/The_Truman_Show \"The Truman Show\")*, [Steven Spielberg](/wiki/Steven_Spielberg \"Steven Spielberg\")'s [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\") drama *[Saving Private Ryan](/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan \"Saving Private Ryan\"),* and the action thriller *[The Negotiator](/wiki/The_Negotiator \"The Negotiator\")*. In 1999, he played [Bob Zmuda](/wiki/Bob_Zmuda \"Bob Zmuda\") and [Tony Clifton](/wiki/Tony_Clifton \"Tony Clifton\") in [Miloš Forman](/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman \"Miloš Forman\")'s [Andy Kaufman](/wiki/Andy_Kaufman \"Andy Kaufman\") biopic, *[Man on the Moon](/wiki/Man_on_the_Moon_%28film%29 \"Man on the Moon (film)\")*. Giamatti continued working steadily during the early 2000s by appearing in major studio releases including *[Duets](/wiki/Duets_%28film%29 \"Duets (film)\")* (2000\\), *[Big Momma's House](/wiki/Big_Momma%27s_House \"Big Momma's House\")* (2000\\), *[Planet of the Apes](/wiki/Planet_of_the_Apes_%282001_film%29 \"Planet of the Apes (2001 film)\")* (2001\\) and *[Big Fat Liar](/wiki/Big_Fat_Liar \"Big Fat Liar\")* (2002\\). \n### 2003–2015: Established actor",
"In 2003, Giamatti began to earn critical acclaim after his lead role in the film *[American Splendor](/wiki/American_Splendor_%28film%29 \"American Splendor (film)\")*. In 2004, Giamatti gained mainstream recognition and fame with the independent romantic comedy *[Sideways](/wiki/Sideways \"Sideways\")*. His portrayal of a depressed writer vacationing in the Santa Barbara wine country garnered him a [Golden Globe](/wiki/Golden_Globe \"Golden Globe\") nomination and an [Independent Spirit Award](/wiki/Independent_Spirit_Award \"Independent Spirit Award\") and he was named Best Actor in a Leading Role by several significant film critics groups (New York, Chicago, Toronto, San Francisco, Online Film Critics).",
"Following the commercial success of *Sideways*, Giamatti appeared in *[Cinderella Man](/wiki/Cinderella_Man \"Cinderella Man\")*, for which he earned an [Academy Award](/wiki/Academy_Award \"Academy Award\") nomination for Best Supporting Actor. He was nominated for a [Golden Globe](/wiki/Golden_Globe \"Golden Globe\") and won the [Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actor \\- Motion Picture](/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor_-_Motion_Picture \"Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture\"). In 2006, Giamatti was the lead in [M. Night Shyamalan](/wiki/M._Night_Shyamalan \"M. Night Shyamalan\")'s *[Lady in the Water](/wiki/Lady_in_the_Water \"Lady in the Water\")*, a supernatural thriller, followed by the animated film *[The Ant Bully](/wiki/The_Ant_Bully_%28film%29 \"The Ant Bully (film)\")*, and Neil Burger's drama *[The Illusionist](/wiki/The_Illusionist_%282006_film%29 \"The Illusionist (2006 film)\")* co\\-starring [Edward Norton](/wiki/Edward_Norton \"Edward Norton\").",
"[thumb\\|upright\\|Giamatti in 2010](/wiki/File:Paul_Giamatti_2010_TIFF.jpg \"Paul Giamatti 2010 TIFF.jpg\")",
"Giamatti had his first major role in an action movie in the 2007 film *[Shoot 'Em Up](/wiki/Shoot_%27Em_Up_%28film%29 \"Shoot 'Em Up (film)\")*, while starring in *[The Nanny Diaries](/wiki/The_Nanny_Diaries_%28film%29 \"The Nanny Diaries (film)\")* and *[Fred Claus](/wiki/Fred_Claus \"Fred Claus\")*. In 2008, Giamatti received an [Emmy Award](/wiki/Emmy_Award \"Emmy Award\"){{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.emmys.com/celebrities/paul\\-giamatti \\|title\\=Paul Giamatti Emmy Award Winner \\|publisher\\=Emmys.com \\|access\\-date\\=2014\\-08\\-03}} for [Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie](/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Lead_Actor_in_a_Miniseries_or_a_Movie \"Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie\") for his [title performance](/wiki/John_Adams \"John Adams\") in the 2008 [HBO](/wiki/HBO \"HBO\") miniseries *[John Adams](/wiki/John_Adams_%28miniseries%29 \"John Adams (miniseries)\")*, as well as his first [Golden Globe Award](/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award \"Golden Globe Award\"){{Cite news\\|url\\=https://www.reuters.com/article/us\\-goldenglobes\\-television\\-idUSTRE50B1BW20090112\\|title\\=\"John Adams,\" \"30 Rock\" big winners at Golden Globes\\|date\\=2009\\-01\\-12\\|work\\=Reuters\\|access\\-date\\=2017\\-07\\-23}} for [Best Actor \\- Miniseries or Television Film](/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Miniseries_or_Television_Film \"Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film\"), and also earned a [Screen Actors Guild](/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild \"Screen Actors Guild\") award. Barry Garron of *[The Hollywood Reporter](/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter \"The Hollywood Reporter\")* praised his performance, writing \"Giamatti is brilliant as Adams. He is fearless in his portrayal, confident that the character’s all\\-consuming sacrifices for his fledgling nation will more than compensate for his numerous character flaws\".{{cite web\\|url\\= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie\\-reviews/john\\-adams\\-125959/\\|title\\= John Adams\\|website\\= The Hollywood Reporter\\|date\\= March 13, 2008\\|accessdate\\= September 11, 2023}} William Thomas of *[Empire](/wiki/Empire_%28magazine%29 \"Empire (magazine)\")* agreed, adding \"The acting, especially from Giamatti as the irascible Adams and Laura Linney as his wife Abigail, who steered him clear of vanity...has the tang of authenticity, even when burdened with great gulps of politicking\".{{cite web\\|url\\= https://www.empireonline.com/tv/reviews/john\\-adams\\-review/\\|title\\= John Adams review\\|website\\= Empire\\|date\\= January 29, 2009\\|accessdate\\= September 11, 2023}} That same year, he starred in the independent film *[Pretty Bird](/wiki/Pretty_Bird \"Pretty Bird\")*, which is a fictionalized retelling about the drama behind the invention of a [rocketbelt](/wiki/Bell_Rocket_Belt \"Bell Rocket Belt\").{{cite web \\|author\\=craveonline \\|url\\=http://www.craveonline.com/filmtv/articles/04648582/4/paul\\_giamatti's\\_good\\_times.html \\|title\\=Paul Giamatti's Good Times \\|publisher\\=Craveonline.com \\|date\\=2007\\-09\\-07 \\|access\\-date\\=2014\\-08\\-03 \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422181726/http://www.craveonline.com/film \\|archive\\-date\\=April 22, 2012 \\|df\\=mdy\\-all }}",
"Giamatti received his second [Golden Globe](/wiki/Golden_Globe \"Golden Globe\"){{Cite news\\|url\\=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Paul\\-Giamatti\\-Wins\\-Golden\\-Globe\\-for\\-BARNEYS\\-VERSION\\-20110116\\|title\\=Paul Giamatti Wins Golden Globe for BARNEY'S VERSION\\|author\\=BWW News Desk\\|work\\=BroadwayWorld.com\\|access\\-date\\=2017\\-07\\-23\\|language\\=en}} win for [Best Actor in a Motion Picture \\- Musical or Comedy](/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy \"Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy\") for his role in the 2010 film, *[Barney's Version](/wiki/Barney%27s_Version_%28film%29 \"Barney's Version (film)\")*. *[The Associated Press](/wiki/The_Associated_Press \"The Associated Press\")* praised Giamatti, describing it as \"pitch perfect\", adding, \"the picture undoubtedly will draw kudos in its home and native land and likely beyond, buoyed by that virtuouso Giamatti performance\".{{cite web\\|url\\= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie\\-reviews/barneys\\-version\\-film\\-review\\-29976/\\|title\\= Barney's Version movie review\\|website\\= The Hollywood Reporter\\|date\\= October 14, 2010\\|accessdate\\= September 11, 2023}} Giamatti starred as the lead in the comedy\\-drama film *[Win Win](/wiki/Win_Win_%28film%29 \"Win Win (film)\")*, which earned positive reviews from critics.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/win\\_win\\_2011/\\|access\\-date\\=March 12, 2011\\|website\\=Rotten Tomatoes\\|title\\=Win Win }} Scott Tobias of *[NPR](/wiki/NPR \"NPR\")* wrote of his performance, \"By now, the Giamatti persona has been well\\-defined — exasperation and despair, tempered by mordant wit—but the actor's every performance is like a snowflake, and here McCarthy provides him a role that's subtly down\\-to\\-earth\".{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.npr.org/2011/03/18/134204255/win\\-win\\-sad\\-situations\\-with\\-attendant\\-comedy\\|title\\= 'Win Win': Sad Situations, With Comedy Attendant\\|website\\= NPR\\|accessdate\\= September 11, 2023}} The same year he had small roles in *[Ironclad](/wiki/Ironclad_%28film%29 \"Ironclad (film)\")*, *[The Hangover Part II](/wiki/The_Hangover_Part_II \"The Hangover Part II\")* and *[The Ides of March](/wiki/The_Ides_of_March_%282011_film%29 \"The Ides of March (2011 film)\")*.\n[thumb\\|left\\|upright\\|Giamatti in 2013](/wiki/File:PaulGiamattiSept2013TIFF.jpg \"PaulGiamattiSept2013TIFF.jpg\")\nIn 2012, Giamatti became the voiceover actor for [Liberty Mutual](/wiki/Liberty_Mutual \"Liberty Mutual\") insurance commercials.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.libertymutualgroup.com/omapps/ContentServer?pagename\\=LMGroup/Views/LMG\\&ft\\=3\\&fid\\=1138356780859 \\|title\\=Liberty Mutual Press Release \\|publisher\\=Libertymutualgroup.com \\|access\\-date\\=2014\\-01\\-25}} He was the narrator for the [PBS](/wiki/PBS \"PBS\") *[Nature](/wiki/Nature_%28TV_series%29 \"Nature (TV series)\")* episode *An Original DUCKumentary*.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/an\\-original\\-duckumentary/full\\-episode/8068/ \\|title\\=Watch An Original DUCKumentary Online \\| Full Episode \\| Nature \\|date\\=October 18, 2012 \\|publisher\\=PBS \\|access\\-date\\=2014\\-01\\-25}} Giamatti produced and starred in *[John Dies at the End](/wiki/John_Dies_at_the_End_%28film%29 \"John Dies at the End (film)\")*, which is based on the book of the same name. He also had roles in the films *[Rock of Ages](/wiki/Rock_of_Ages_%282012_film%29 \"Rock of Ages (2012 film)\")* and *[Cosmopolis](/wiki/Cosmopolis_%28film%29 \"Cosmopolis (film)\")*.",
"In 2013, Giamatti returned to his [alma mater](/wiki/Alma_mater \"Alma mater\"), [Yale University](/wiki/Yale_University \"Yale University\"), to perform the [title role](/wiki/Title_role \"Title role\") in [Shakespeare](/wiki/Shakespeare \"Shakespeare\")'s *[Hamlet](/wiki/Hamlet \"Hamlet\")*, for which he won rave reviews in a sold\\-out, [modern dress](/wiki/Modern_dress \"Modern dress\") stage production of the play at the [Yale Repertory Theatre](/wiki/Yale_Repertory_Theatre \"Yale Repertory Theatre\") in [New Haven](/wiki/New_Haven%2C_Connecticut \"New Haven, Connecticut\").{{cite web\\|url\\=https://huffingtonpost.com/marshall\\-fine/onstage\\-paul\\-giamatti\\-in\\_b\\_3050973\\.html \\|title\\=Marshall Fine: Onstage: Paul Giamatti in Hamlet \\|publisher\\=Huffingtonpost.com \\|date\\=2013\\-04\\-10 \\|access\\-date\\=2014\\-01\\-25}} He also had supporting roles in several films, including the animated *[Turbo](/wiki/Turbo_%282013_film%29 \"Turbo (2013 film)\")* and *[The Congress](/wiki/The_Congress_%282013_film%29 \"The Congress (2013 film)\")*, as well as *[Parkland](/wiki/Parkland_%28film%29 \"Parkland (film)\")*, *[Saving Mr. Banks](/wiki/Saving_Mr._Banks \"Saving Mr. Banks\")*, and the critically acclaimed *[12 Years a Slave](/wiki/12_Years_a_Slave_%28film%29 \"12 Years a Slave (film)\")*.{{cite news \\|last\\=Kit \\|first\\=Borys \\|title\\=Paul Giamatti, Samuel L. Jackson Join DreamWorks Animation's 'Turbo' (Exclusive) \\|url\\=https://hollywoodreporter.com/heat\\-vision/paul\\-giamatti\\-samuel\\-l\\-jackson\\-turbo\\-294686 \\|access\\-date\\=February 24, 2012 \\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Hollywood Reporter]] \\|date\\=February 23, 2012}}{{cite web\\|url\\=https://screenrant.com/saving\\-mr\\-banks\\-paul\\-giamatti\\-jason\\-schwartzman\\-ruth\\-wilson \\|title\\=ScreenRant \\|date\\=July 25, 2012 \\|publisher\\=screenrant.com \\|access\\-date\\=26 July 2012}} In addition, Giamatti played the role of New Yorker Harold Levinson, the brother of Cora, the Countess of Grantham ([Elizabeth McGovern](/wiki/Elizabeth_McGovern \"Elizabeth McGovern\")), in the 2013 Christmas special of the [period drama](/wiki/Period_drama \"Period drama\"), [ITV Studios](/wiki/ITV_Studios \"ITV Studios\")/[Carnival Films](/wiki/Carnival_Films \"Carnival Films\") television series, *[Downton Abbey](/wiki/Downton_Abbey \"Downton Abbey\")*.[ITV](http://www.itv.com/downtonabbey/news/paul-giamatti-cast/) {{webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104042042/http://www.itv.com/downtonabbey/news/paul\\-giamatti\\-cast/\\|date\\=January 4, 2014}} For his performance he received a [Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series](/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Guest_Actor_in_a_Drama_Series \"Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series\") nomination.",
"In 2014, Giamatti played villain [The Rhino](/wiki/Rhino_%28character%29 \"Rhino (character)\") in *[The Amazing Spider\\-Man 2](/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man_2 \"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\")*.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://hollywoodreporter.com/heat\\-vision/paul\\-giamatti\\-talks\\-play\\-rhino\\-415899 \\|title\\=Paul Giamatti in Talks to Play The Rhino in 'Spider\\-Man 2' (Exclusive)\\|date\\=January 28, 2013\\|access\\-date\\=January 28, 2013\\|last\\=Kit\\|first\\=Borys\\|work\\=\\[\\[The Hollywood Reporter]]\\|archive\\-date\\=January 30, 2013\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130042047/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat\\-vision/paul\\-giamatti\\-talks\\-play\\-rhino\\-415899\\|url\\-status\\=live}} Also in 2014, Giamatti portrayed psychologist [Eugene Landy](/wiki/Eugene_Landy \"Eugene Landy\") in the [Brian Wilson](/wiki/Brian_Wilson \"Brian Wilson\") biopic *[Love \\& Mercy](/wiki/Love_%26_Mercy_%28film%29 \"Love & Mercy (film)\")*. In 2015, Giamatti portrayed [N.W.A](/wiki/N.W.A \"N.W.A\") manager [Jerry Heller](/wiki/Jerry_Heller \"Jerry Heller\") in the biographical drama *[Straight Outta Compton](/wiki/Straight_Outta_Compton_%282015_film%29 \"Straight Outta Compton (2015 film)\")*. He also played a scientist in the disaster film *[San Andreas](/wiki/San_Andreas_%28film%29 \"San Andreas (film)\")*.{{Cite web\\|last\\=Rossetto\\|first\\=Tiziana\\|date\\=2015\\-06\\-04\\|title\\=How scientifically accurate is San Andreas? Rock solid or a bit faulty?\\|url\\=http://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2015/jun/04/san\\-andreas\\-earthquake\\-movie\\-is\\-it\\-accurate\\|access\\-date\\=2022\\-01\\-13\\|website\\=the Guardian\\|language\\=en}}",
"### Since 2016",
"[thumb\\|upright\\|Giamatti in 2024](/wiki/File:Paul_Giamatti_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg \"Paul Giamatti 2024 (cropped).jpg\")",
"From 2016 to 2023, Giamatti played a lead role in the Showtime series *[Billions](/wiki/Billions_%28TV_series%29 \"Billions (TV series)\")*, portraying the [U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York](/wiki/U.S._Attorney_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York \"U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York\"). The show, debuting in 2016, is loosely based on a real event.{{Cite news\\|title \\= Manhattan U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara's Office Gets Hollywood Treatment in Showtime Series\\|url \\= https://www.wsj.com/articles/manhattan\\-u\\-s\\-attorney\\-preet\\-bhararas\\-office\\-gets\\-hollywood\\-treatment\\-in\\-showtime\\-series\\-1451947972\\|newspaper \\= Wall Street Journal\\|access\\-date \\= April 11, 2016\\|issn \\= 0099\\-9660\\|first \\= Erica\\|last \\= Orden}} For the role he received a nomination for the [Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series](/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Television_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Drama_Series \"Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series\"). In 2016, Giamatti began appearing in commercials for [Prism TV](/wiki/Prism_TV \"Prism TV\"), the IPTV service owned by [CenturyLink](/wiki/CenturyLink \"CenturyLink\"); the spots are the first\\-ever on\\-camera TV commercial appearances for Giamatti.{{cite web\\|last1\\=Gianatasio\\|first1\\=David\\|title\\=Ad of the Day: Paul Giamatti Battles a Family of Movie Buffs in His First Ads Ever\\|url\\=http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising\\-branding/ad\\-day\\-paul\\-giamatti\\-battles\\-family\\-movie\\-buffs\\-his\\-first\\-ads\\-ever\\-169933\\|website\\=www.adweek.com\\|publisher\\=Adweek\\|access\\-date\\=8 May 2016\\|date\\=March 1, 2016}} In 2022, Giamatti appeared as [Scrooge](/wiki/Ebenezer_Scrooge \"Ebenezer Scrooge\") and [Einstein](/wiki/Albert_Einstein \"Albert Einstein\") in [Verizon](/wiki/Verizon \"Verizon\") commercials.{{cite web \\| last\\=Kemp \\| first\\=Audrey \\| title\\=US Ad of the Day: Paul Giamatti and Cecily Strong spread holiday cheer with Verizon \\| website\\=The Drum \\| date\\=November 15, 2022 \\| url\\=https://www.thedrum.com/news/2022/11/15/us\\-ad\\-the\\-day\\-paul\\-giamatti\\-and\\-cecily\\-strong\\-spread\\-holiday\\-cheer\\-with\\-verizon \\| access\\-date\\=December 5, 2022}} He served as an executive producer of the [WGN America](/wiki/WGN_America \"WGN America\") series *[Outsiders](/wiki/Outsiders_%28American_TV_series%29 \"Outsiders (American TV series)\")* (2016–2017\\). He also lent his voice to *[BoJack Horseman](/wiki/BoJack_Horseman \"BoJack Horseman\")*, *[Rick and Morty](/wiki/Rick_and_Morty \"Rick and Morty\")* and *[Big Mouth](/wiki/Big_Mouth_%28American_TV_series%29 \"Big Mouth (American TV series)\")*.",
"In 2018, he starred in the [Tamara Jenkins](/wiki/Tamara_Jenkins \"Tamara Jenkins\") directed film *[Private Life](/wiki/Private_Life_%282018_film%29 \"Private Life (2018 film)\")*, acting alongside [Kathryn Hahn](/wiki/Kathryn_Hahn \"Kathryn Hahn\"). The film, distributed by [Netflix](/wiki/Netflix \"Netflix\"), received positive reviews. Alissa Wilkinson of *[Vox](/wiki/Vox_%28website%29 \"Vox (website)\")* praised the performances of the two leads, writing \"Hahn and Giamatti bring their characteristic warmth\\-with\\-an\\-edge to their characters, and as their relationship unpacks itself onscreen, it feels authentic and lived\\-in\".{{cite web\\|url\\= https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/1/26/16912914/private\\-life\\-review\\-netflix\\-tamara\\-jenkins\\-kathryn\\-hahn\\-paul\\-giamatti\\|title\\= Private Life is a terrific, heartbreaking look at a marriage through the lens of infertility\\|website\\= Vox\\|date\\= January 26, 2018\\|accessdate\\= September 11, 2023}} That same year he acted in [Reed Morano](/wiki/Reed_Morano \"Reed Morano\")'s [post\\-apocalyptic](/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction \"Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction\") romance drama *[I Think We're Alone Now](/wiki/I_Think_We%27re_Alone_Now_%28film%29 \"I Think We're Alone Now (film)\")* and portrayed [Samuel Goudsmit](/wiki/Samuel_Goudsmit \"Samuel Goudsmit\") in the war film *[The Catcher Was a Spy](/wiki/The_Catcher_Was_a_Spy_%28film%29 \"The Catcher Was a Spy (film)\")*. He returned to film in 2021, acting in the action thriller *[Gunpowder Milkshake](/wiki/Gunpowder_Milkshake \"Gunpowder Milkshake\")* and the family adventure film *[Jungle Cruise](/wiki/Jungle_Cruise_%28film%29 \"Jungle Cruise (film)\")*.",
"He reunited with [Alexander Payne](/wiki/Alexander_Payne \"Alexander Payne\") in the [coming\\-of\\-age](/wiki/Coming-of-age \"Coming-of-age\") film *[The Holdovers](/wiki/The_Holdovers \"The Holdovers\")* (2023\\), which premiered at the [Telluride Film Festival](/wiki/Telluride_Film_Festival \"Telluride Film Festival\"). The film, distributed by [Focus Features](/wiki/Focus_Features \"Focus Features\"), received positive reviews, with critics praising Giamatti's performance as a curmudgeonly teacher. Pete Hammond of *[Deadline Hollywood](/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood \"Deadline Hollywood\")* declared, \"Giamatti, who so memorably starred in Payne’s 2004 *[Sideways](/wiki/Sideways_%28film%29 \"Sideways (film)\")*, has never been better\", adding \"this is perfect casting for Giamatti.\"{{cite web\\|url\\= https://deadline.com/2023/09/the\\-holdovers\\-review\\-alexander\\-payne\\-paul\\-giamatti\\-family\\-telluride\\-film\\-festival\\-1235534101/\\|title\\= 'The Holdovers' Review: Alexander Payne \\& Paul Giamatti Make Movie Magic Again In Wry And Funny Comedy About Finding Family – Telluride Film Festival\\|website\\= Deadline Hollywood\\|date\\= September 2023\\|accessdate\\= September 11, 2023}} For his performance in *The Holdovers*, Giamatti received an [Academy Award for Best Actor](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor \"Academy Award for Best Actor\") nomination and won the [Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy](/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy \"Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy\"){{cite web\\|url\\= https://variety.com/2024/film/awards/paul\\-giamatti\\-golden\\-globe\\-best\\-actor\\-musical\\-comedy\\-1235862976/\\|title\\= Paul Giamatti Dedicates 'The Holdovers' Golden Globe Win to Teachers: 'They Do a Good Thing. It's a Tough Job.' \\|website\\= \\[\\[Variety (magazine)\\|Variety]]\\|date\\= January 7, 2024\\|accessdate\\= January 8, 2024}} and the [Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor](/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Movie_Award_for_Best_Actor \"Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor\").{{cite web\\|url\\= https://deadline.com/2024/01/paul\\-giamatti\\-joke\\-acceptance\\-speech\\-critics\\-choice\\-awards\\-1235791476/\\|title\\= Paul Giamatti Jokes About 'Going Viral' For Eating In\\-N\\-Out In Acceptance Speech At Critics Choice Awards \\|website\\= \\[\\[Deadline Hollywood]]\\|date\\= January 14, 2024\\|accessdate\\= January 16, 2024}}",
"In 2024 it was announced that Giamatti would star in a TV series based on the [*Hostel* film series](/wiki/Hostel_%28film_series%29 \"Hostel (film series)\").{{Cite web \\|last\\=Goldberg \\|first\\=Lesley \\|date\\=2024\\-06\\-04 \\|title\\=‘Hostel’ TV Series Starring Paul Giamatti in the Works (Exclusive) \\|url\\=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv\\-news/hostel\\-tv\\-show\\-paul\\-giamatti\\-1235914723/ \\|access\\-date\\=2024\\-08\\-01 \\|website\\=The Hollywood Reporter \\|language\\=en\\-US}}",
""
] |
Career
------
### Early career
LeCras was recruited by the [West Coast Eagles](/wiki/West_Coast_Eagles "West Coast Eagles") with the 37th pick overall in the [2004 National Draft](/wiki/2004_AFL_Draft%232004_National_Draft "2004 AFL Draft#2004 National Draft"). After spending the first half of the season with West Perth, He made his debut for West Coast in round 10 of the [2005 AFL season](/wiki/2005_AFL_season "2005 AFL season"), kicking two goals and recording 12 disposals. He played one more game before being dropped back to the WAFL, where he played the rest of the season.
He was recalled in 2006 for the Round 14 clash against Hawthorn, but only managed a total of 16 disposals in two games before being dropped and recalled for the Round 22 demolition of Richmond, where LeCras put in a surprise performance, booting 5 goals. LeCras placed fourth in the Sandover medal for the best player in the WAFL in 2006\. The award was won by fellow West Coast Eagle player [Matt Priddis](/wiki/Matt_Priddis "Matt Priddis"). He fought his way back into the team in 2007, and had a stellar season, kicking 36 goals for the season.
In 2009, Mark LeCras kicked 58 goals in the home\-and\-away season, leaving him in [All\-Australian](/wiki/All-Australian "All-Australian") contention. Ultimately he missed out on selection. In round 13, 2009, he scored his 100th AFL career goal in West Coast's 20\-point win against Hawthorn at Subiaco Oval. For the overall 2009 season, LeCras became the most potent forward in the team kicking 30 goals in the first 12 rounds, and 58 for the season, topping the Eagles' goalkicking list.
[left\|thumb\|LeCras in 2009](/wiki/File:Marklecras.jpg "Marklecras.jpg")
### 2010: All\-Australian
In round 16 of 2010, LeCras kicked a personal best of 12 goals, doubling his previous record of 6, in an outstanding individual display against Essendon at [Etihad Stadium](/wiki/Docklands_Stadium "Docklands Stadium"). It broke the previous record of 11 (kicked by [Stephen Milne](/wiki/Stephen_Milne "Stephen Milne")) for the most goals kicked by an individual in a game at the stadium.[LeCras' dozen breaks Bomber hearts](https://web.archive.org/web/20100719035724/http://www.afl.com.au/news/newsarticle/tabid/208/newsid/98414/default.aspx). Afl.com.au (17 July 2010\). Retrieved on 18 February 2012\. This was one of a few highlights in a dark season for the Eagles in which they won the [wooden spoon](/wiki/Wooden_spoon_%28award%29 "Wooden spoon (award)") for the first time in its history. The performance also earned LeCras 226 points in the Herald Sun Supercoach competition, the highest score for the 2010 season.[Mark LeCras Leads The West Coast Eagles](http://www.smh.com.au/afl/blogs/western-eyes/lecras-shows-le-class-to-save-the-eagles/20100718-10g7g.html). Smh.com.au (19 July 2010\). Retrieved on 18 February 2012\. LeCras later finished Third in the [Coleman Medal](/wiki/Coleman_Medal "Coleman Medal") with 63 goals from 21 games, behind [Jack Riewoldt](/wiki/Jack_Riewoldt "Jack Riewoldt") and [Barry Hall](/wiki/Barry_Hall "Barry Hall"). On 10 September 2010, LeCras was awarded the "prestigious" award of the West Coast Eagles Club Champion.[LeCras is Club Champion – Official AFL Website of the West Coast Eagles Football Club](http://www.westcoasteagles.com.au/news/newsarticle/tabid/7155/newsid/102400/default.aspx). Westcoasteagles.com.au (11 September 2010\). Retrieved on 18 February 2012\.
On 13 September, LeCras was selected at forward\-pocket in the 2010 [All\-Australian team](/wiki/All-Australian_team "All-Australian team"), the only player from the West Coast Eagles in the team.[LeCras, Sandi named in All\-Australian side – The West Australian](http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/breaking/7936478/lecras-sandi-named-in-all-australian-side/). Au.news.yahoo.com (13 September 2010\). Retrieved on 18 February 2012\. He was also nominated as one of the three contenders for [goal of the year](/wiki/Goal_of_the_Year_%28Australia%29 "Goal of the Year (Australia)") for his effort against [Essendon](/wiki/Essendon_Football_Club "Essendon Football Club") in [Round 16](/wiki/2010_AFL_season%23Round_16 "2010 AFL season#Round 16"), one of twelve goals scored on the night, eventually losing out to [Lance Franklin](/wiki/Lance_Franklin "Lance Franklin") for the award.[LeCras up for Goal of the Year](https://web.archive.org/web/20100723134745/http://www.afl.com.au/news/newsarticle/tabid/208/newsid/98572/default.aspx). Afl.com.au. Retrieved on 18 February 2012\.
### 2011–2012: Midfield move and injury
After a strong pre\-season, LeCras ruptured his [anterior cruciate ligament](/wiki/Anterior_cruciate_ligament "Anterior cruciate ligament") (ACL) at a West Coast training session in February 2012, and was ruled out for the remainder of the season, opting to undergo a full [knee reconstruction](/wiki/Knee_reconstruction "Knee reconstruction").Chadwick, Justin (2012\). [West Coast star forward Mark LeCras to miss season with knee injury](http://www.perthnow.com.au/sport/afl/west-coast-star-forward-mark-lecras-to-miss-season-with-knee-injury/story-e6frg1xu-1226273850094) – PerthNow. Posted 17 February 2012\. Retrieved 17 February 2012\.
### 2015: Return to form and Grand Final Heartache
2015 would see Mark LeCras to form as a small forward. Mark went onto kick 45 goals for the season.
In the 2015 AFL Grand Final between the West Coast Eagles Football Club and Hawthorn Football Club Mark would only kick one goal. Hawthorn Football Club won by 46 points. The 2015 would be Mark's first Grand Final appearance as a player. After being on the West Coast Eagles list when the West Coast Eagles lost the 2005 Grand Final and won the 2006 Grand Final. The 2018 Grand Final was Mark's second Grand Final appearance.
### 2017–2018: Later years and premiership
Against [Port Adelaide](/wiki/Port_Adelaide_Football_Club "Port Adelaide Football Club") in round seven of the [2017 AFL season](/wiki/2017_AFL_season "2017 AFL season"), LeCras kicked his 390th career goal, breaking [Phil Matera](/wiki/Phil_Matera "Phil Matera")'s club record for the most goals kicked by a small forward. He kicked his 400th career goal in the round 17 [Western Derby](/wiki/Western_Derby "Western Derby") against [Fremantle](/wiki/Fremantle_Football_Club "Fremantle Football Club"), in his 190th game, becoming only the third West Coast player to reach the milestone (after [Peter Sumich](/wiki/Peter_Sumich "Peter Sumich") and [Josh Kennedy](/wiki/Josh_Kennedy_%28footballer%2C_born_1987%29 "Josh Kennedy (footballer, born 1987)")).[Finals fight: Cull on the cards as Eagles stare down barrel](http://www.watoday.com.au/sport/wa-sport/finals-fight-cull-on-the-cards-as-eagles-stare-down-barrel-20170728-gxki4m.html), 28 July 2017
LeCras had an improved season and defied many critics who thought he had nothing left to give. He finished his career on a high with being part of the West Coast Eagles' premiership winning team in 2018, and announced his retirement after the AFL trade period.
In 2019, LeCras signed with West Coast's fierce local rivals, [Fremantle](/wiki/Fremantle_Football_Club "Fremantle Football Club"), as a part\-time specialist forwards coach, for the [2020 AFL season](/wiki/2020_AFL_season "2020 AFL season").
### Honours and achievements
**Team**
* [AFL premiership player](/wiki/2018_AFL_Grand_Final "2018 AFL Grand Final"): ([West Coast Eagles](/wiki/West_Coast_Eagles "West Coast Eagles")) [2018](/wiki/2018_AFL_season "2018 AFL season")
* [McClelland Trophy](/wiki/McClelland_Trophy "McClelland Trophy") ([West Coast Eagles](/wiki/West_Coast_Eagles "West Coast Eagles")) [2006](/wiki/2006_AFL_season "2006 AFL season")
**Individual**
* [All\-Australian team](/wiki/All-Australian_team "All-Australian team"): 2010
* [West Coast Eagles Club Champion Award](/wiki/John_Worsfold_Medal "John Worsfold Medal"): 2010
* 2× [West Coast Eagles leading goalkicker](/wiki/List_of_West_Coast_Eagles_leading_goalkickers "List of West Coast Eagles leading goalkickers"): 2009, 2010
* [AFL Rising Star nominee](/wiki/AFL_Rising_Star "AFL Rising Star"): 2006, 2007
* Under\-18 All\-Australian team: 2004
* Western Australia Under\-18 team: 2004
|
[
"Career\n------",
"### Early career",
"LeCras was recruited by the [West Coast Eagles](/wiki/West_Coast_Eagles \"West Coast Eagles\") with the 37th pick overall in the [2004 National Draft](/wiki/2004_AFL_Draft%232004_National_Draft \"2004 AFL Draft#2004 National Draft\"). After spending the first half of the season with West Perth, He made his debut for West Coast in round 10 of the [2005 AFL season](/wiki/2005_AFL_season \"2005 AFL season\"), kicking two goals and recording 12 disposals. He played one more game before being dropped back to the WAFL, where he played the rest of the season.",
"He was recalled in 2006 for the Round 14 clash against Hawthorn, but only managed a total of 16 disposals in two games before being dropped and recalled for the Round 22 demolition of Richmond, where LeCras put in a surprise performance, booting 5 goals. LeCras placed fourth in the Sandover medal for the best player in the WAFL in 2006\\. The award was won by fellow West Coast Eagle player [Matt Priddis](/wiki/Matt_Priddis \"Matt Priddis\"). He fought his way back into the team in 2007, and had a stellar season, kicking 36 goals for the season.",
"In 2009, Mark LeCras kicked 58 goals in the home\\-and\\-away season, leaving him in [All\\-Australian](/wiki/All-Australian \"All-Australian\") contention. Ultimately he missed out on selection. In round 13, 2009, he scored his 100th AFL career goal in West Coast's 20\\-point win against Hawthorn at Subiaco Oval. For the overall 2009 season, LeCras became the most potent forward in the team kicking 30 goals in the first 12 rounds, and 58 for the season, topping the Eagles' goalkicking list.\n[left\\|thumb\\|LeCras in 2009](/wiki/File:Marklecras.jpg \"Marklecras.jpg\")",
"### 2010: All\\-Australian",
"In round 16 of 2010, LeCras kicked a personal best of 12 goals, doubling his previous record of 6, in an outstanding individual display against Essendon at [Etihad Stadium](/wiki/Docklands_Stadium \"Docklands Stadium\"). It broke the previous record of 11 (kicked by [Stephen Milne](/wiki/Stephen_Milne \"Stephen Milne\")) for the most goals kicked by an individual in a game at the stadium.[LeCras' dozen breaks Bomber hearts](https://web.archive.org/web/20100719035724/http://www.afl.com.au/news/newsarticle/tabid/208/newsid/98414/default.aspx). Afl.com.au (17 July 2010\\). Retrieved on 18 February 2012\\. This was one of a few highlights in a dark season for the Eagles in which they won the [wooden spoon](/wiki/Wooden_spoon_%28award%29 \"Wooden spoon (award)\") for the first time in its history. The performance also earned LeCras 226 points in the Herald Sun Supercoach competition, the highest score for the 2010 season.[Mark LeCras Leads The West Coast Eagles](http://www.smh.com.au/afl/blogs/western-eyes/lecras-shows-le-class-to-save-the-eagles/20100718-10g7g.html). Smh.com.au (19 July 2010\\). Retrieved on 18 February 2012\\. LeCras later finished Third in the [Coleman Medal](/wiki/Coleman_Medal \"Coleman Medal\") with 63 goals from 21 games, behind [Jack Riewoldt](/wiki/Jack_Riewoldt \"Jack Riewoldt\") and [Barry Hall](/wiki/Barry_Hall \"Barry Hall\"). On 10 September 2010, LeCras was awarded the \"prestigious\" award of the West Coast Eagles Club Champion.[LeCras is Club Champion – Official AFL Website of the West Coast Eagles Football Club](http://www.westcoasteagles.com.au/news/newsarticle/tabid/7155/newsid/102400/default.aspx). Westcoasteagles.com.au (11 September 2010\\). Retrieved on 18 February 2012\\.\nOn 13 September, LeCras was selected at forward\\-pocket in the 2010 [All\\-Australian team](/wiki/All-Australian_team \"All-Australian team\"), the only player from the West Coast Eagles in the team.[LeCras, Sandi named in All\\-Australian side – The West Australian](http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/breaking/7936478/lecras-sandi-named-in-all-australian-side/). Au.news.yahoo.com (13 September 2010\\). Retrieved on 18 February 2012\\. He was also nominated as one of the three contenders for [goal of the year](/wiki/Goal_of_the_Year_%28Australia%29 \"Goal of the Year (Australia)\") for his effort against [Essendon](/wiki/Essendon_Football_Club \"Essendon Football Club\") in [Round 16](/wiki/2010_AFL_season%23Round_16 \"2010 AFL season#Round 16\"), one of twelve goals scored on the night, eventually losing out to [Lance Franklin](/wiki/Lance_Franklin \"Lance Franklin\") for the award.[LeCras up for Goal of the Year](https://web.archive.org/web/20100723134745/http://www.afl.com.au/news/newsarticle/tabid/208/newsid/98572/default.aspx). Afl.com.au. Retrieved on 18 February 2012\\.",
"### 2011–2012: Midfield move and injury",
"After a strong pre\\-season, LeCras ruptured his [anterior cruciate ligament](/wiki/Anterior_cruciate_ligament \"Anterior cruciate ligament\") (ACL) at a West Coast training session in February 2012, and was ruled out for the remainder of the season, opting to undergo a full [knee reconstruction](/wiki/Knee_reconstruction \"Knee reconstruction\").Chadwick, Justin (2012\\). [West Coast star forward Mark LeCras to miss season with knee injury](http://www.perthnow.com.au/sport/afl/west-coast-star-forward-mark-lecras-to-miss-season-with-knee-injury/story-e6frg1xu-1226273850094) – PerthNow. Posted 17 February 2012\\. Retrieved 17 February 2012\\.",
"### 2015: Return to form and Grand Final Heartache",
"2015 would see Mark LeCras to form as a small forward. Mark went onto kick 45 goals for the season.",
"In the 2015 AFL Grand Final between the West Coast Eagles Football Club and Hawthorn Football Club Mark would only kick one goal. Hawthorn Football Club won by 46 points. The 2015 would be Mark's first Grand Final appearance as a player. After being on the West Coast Eagles list when the West Coast Eagles lost the 2005 Grand Final and won the 2006 Grand Final. The 2018 Grand Final was Mark's second Grand Final appearance.",
"### 2017–2018: Later years and premiership",
"Against [Port Adelaide](/wiki/Port_Adelaide_Football_Club \"Port Adelaide Football Club\") in round seven of the [2017 AFL season](/wiki/2017_AFL_season \"2017 AFL season\"), LeCras kicked his 390th career goal, breaking [Phil Matera](/wiki/Phil_Matera \"Phil Matera\")'s club record for the most goals kicked by a small forward. He kicked his 400th career goal in the round 17 [Western Derby](/wiki/Western_Derby \"Western Derby\") against [Fremantle](/wiki/Fremantle_Football_Club \"Fremantle Football Club\"), in his 190th game, becoming only the third West Coast player to reach the milestone (after [Peter Sumich](/wiki/Peter_Sumich \"Peter Sumich\") and [Josh Kennedy](/wiki/Josh_Kennedy_%28footballer%2C_born_1987%29 \"Josh Kennedy (footballer, born 1987)\")).[Finals fight: Cull on the cards as Eagles stare down barrel](http://www.watoday.com.au/sport/wa-sport/finals-fight-cull-on-the-cards-as-eagles-stare-down-barrel-20170728-gxki4m.html), 28 July 2017",
"LeCras had an improved season and defied many critics who thought he had nothing left to give. He finished his career on a high with being part of the West Coast Eagles' premiership winning team in 2018, and announced his retirement after the AFL trade period.",
"In 2019, LeCras signed with West Coast's fierce local rivals, [Fremantle](/wiki/Fremantle_Football_Club \"Fremantle Football Club\"), as a part\\-time specialist forwards coach, for the [2020 AFL season](/wiki/2020_AFL_season \"2020 AFL season\").",
"### Honours and achievements",
"**Team**\n* [AFL premiership player](/wiki/2018_AFL_Grand_Final \"2018 AFL Grand Final\"): ([West Coast Eagles](/wiki/West_Coast_Eagles \"West Coast Eagles\")) [2018](/wiki/2018_AFL_season \"2018 AFL season\")\n* [McClelland Trophy](/wiki/McClelland_Trophy \"McClelland Trophy\") ([West Coast Eagles](/wiki/West_Coast_Eagles \"West Coast Eagles\")) [2006](/wiki/2006_AFL_season \"2006 AFL season\")\n**Individual**\n* [All\\-Australian team](/wiki/All-Australian_team \"All-Australian team\"): 2010\n* [West Coast Eagles Club Champion Award](/wiki/John_Worsfold_Medal \"John Worsfold Medal\"): 2010\n* 2× [West Coast Eagles leading goalkicker](/wiki/List_of_West_Coast_Eagles_leading_goalkickers \"List of West Coast Eagles leading goalkickers\"): 2009, 2010\n* [AFL Rising Star nominee](/wiki/AFL_Rising_Star \"AFL Rising Star\"): 2006, 2007\n* Under\\-18 All\\-Australian team: 2004\n* Western Australia Under\\-18 team: 2004",
""
] |
History
-------
### Beginnings
{{see also\|Metro\-Goldwyn\-Mayer\#MGM Entertainment}}
Prior to the launch of the channel in 1988, the **Turner Network Television** name had been utilized by the [Turner Broadcasting System](/wiki/Turner_Broadcasting_System "Turner Broadcasting System") for an ad hoc syndication service which produced and distributed various sporting events for carriage on Turner's [Atlanta, Georgia](/wiki/Atlanta "Atlanta") [superstation](/wiki/Superstation "Superstation") WTBS (channel 17, now [WPCH\-TV](/wiki/WPCH-TV "WPCH-TV"), which was separated from its national cable feed, [TBS](/wiki/TBS_%28TV_network%29 "TBS (TV network)"), in October 2007\) as well as broadcast television stations throughout the United States.
The Turner Network Television syndication service launched in 1982 to produce two exhibition games organized by the [NFL Players Association](/wiki/NFL_Players_Association "NFL Players Association") (NFLPA) during the [NFL strike](/wiki/1982_NFL_strike "1982 NFL strike"), which were broadcast on WTBS and its national superstation feed. (The agreement with the NFLPA originally called for 18 games to be broadcast by WTBS on Sunday afternoons and Monday nights during the originally proposed strike season, but was reduced to the exhibition games amid lawsuits filed by the [National Football League](/wiki/National_Football_League "National Football League") against Turner Broadcasting and the NFLPA union.){{cite web\|title\=Players, Turner set details for strike league\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/82\-OCR/1982\-08\-23\-BC\-OCR\-Page\-0053\.pdf\|periodical\=\[\[Broadcasting \& Cable\|Broadcasting]]\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=53\|date\=August 23, 1982\|access\-date\=September 29, 2018}}{{cite web\|title\=Strike force\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/82\-OCR/1982\-09\-27\-BC\-OCR\-Page\-0032\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=32\|date\=September 27, 1982\|access\-date\=September 29, 2018}}{{cite web\|title\=It's fourth and a mile for NFL TV\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/82\-OCR/1982\-10\-11\-BC\-OCR\-Page\-0028\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=28\|date\=October 11, 1982\|access\-date\=September 29, 2018}} The TNT syndication service also produced and distributed the first [Goodwill Games](/wiki/Goodwill_Games "Goodwill Games")—organized by [Ted Turner](/wiki/Ted_Turner "Ted Turner") himself, in response to the Olympic boycotts involving the United States and the Soviet Union of the [1980](/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics "1980 Summer Olympics") and [1984 Summer Olympics](/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics "1984 Summer Olympics")—in [1986](/wiki/1986_Goodwill_Games "1986 Goodwill Games").{{cite web\|title\=Turner's sports detente\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/85\-OCR/BC\-1985\-08\-12\-OCR\-Page\-0040\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=40\|date\=August 12, 1985\|access\-date\=September 29, 2018}}
{{cite web\|title\=Turner's sports detente\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/85\-OCR/BC\-1985\-08\-12\-OCR\-Page\-0045\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=45\|date\=August 12, 1985\|access\-date\=September 29, 2018}}
On October 6, 1987, Ted Turner announced the launch of Turner Network Television (TNT)—his fifth basic cable network venture, following SuperStation TBS, CNN, Headline News (now [HLN](/wiki/HLN_%28TV_network%29 "HLN (TV network)")) and the short\-lived [Cable Music Channel](/wiki/Cable_Music_Channel "Cable Music Channel")—in a keynote address at the opening day of the Atlantic Cable Show in [Atlantic City, New Jersey](/wiki/Atlantic_City%2C_New_Jersey "Atlantic City, New Jersey"), stating that the channel would center around major television events. Turner originally estimated that TNT would be offered to cable systems at a monthly rate of 10¢ per subscriber at launch (increasing to 20¢ per subscriber per month by March 1989\), with 10 minutes of advertising being carried each hour (three to four minutes of which would be given to prospective cable systems for local advertising).{{cite web\|title\=Turner's TNT adds spark to Atlantic Cable Show\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/87\-OCR/BC\-1987\-10\-12\-OCR\-Page\-0031\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=31\|date\=October 12, 1987\|access\-date\=September 29, 2018}}
{{cite web\|title\=Turner's TNT adds spark to Atlantic Cable Show\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/87\-OCR/BC\-1987\-10\-12\-OCR\-Page\-0032\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=32\|date\=October 12, 1987\|access\-date\=September 29, 2018}}{{cite web\|title\=Cable's interest in 'Hollywood's best'\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/87\-OCR/BC\-1987\-10\-26\-OCR\-Page\-0098\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=98\|date\=October 26, 1987\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}} Turner Broadcasting struggled to obtain carriage commitments from various cable providers to commence with the proposed service's launch plans, making TNT's fate uncertain.{{cite web\|title\=TNT in limbo\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/87\-OCR/BC\-1987\-11\-23\-OCR\-Page\-0039\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=39\|date\=November 23, 1987\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}} Turner also entered into preliminary discussions with [NBC](/wiki/NBC "NBC") to purchase a 25% stake in the company, with the prospect of using NBC's financial and programming expertise to get TNT off the ground; however, such discussions terminated by January 1988 without a resolution.{{cite web\|title\=NBC\-Turner talks progressing\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/87\-OCR/BC\-1987\-12\-07\-OCR\-Page\-0042\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=42\|date\=November 23, 1987\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite web\|title\=In Brief\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/88\-OCR/BC\-1988\-01\-18\-OCR\-Page\-0110\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=120\|date\=January 18, 1988\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}
[thumb\|left\|175px\|Former logo, used from October 3, 1988, until 1995\. A yellow oval background was added in 1992\.](/wiki/File:TNT_logo_1988.png "TNT logo 1988.png")
By February 1988, Turner had disclosed that TNT's programming would focus around movies from the [Metro\-Goldwyn\-Mayer](/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer") (MGM) film library – which Turner acquired as a result of his 1986 sale of the MGM film studio to Kirk Kerkorian – and major television events, including made\-for\-cable movies, high\-profile specials, sports events, documentaries and miniseries. Cable systems were given the option of substituting a [superstation](/wiki/Superstation "Superstation") (other than SuperStation TBS) or other out\-of\-market television station for TNT upon launch without incurring any copyright liabilities for carriage of the distant signal for the second half of 1988\. However, the proposed launch date, originally slated for July 1 of that year, was delayed because it would have presented several issues, including obtaining channel clearances and assembling a programming schedule in such a contracted timespan, and the unfavorability of promoting a service during the summer (when television networks typically programmed reruns).{{cite web\|title\=Turner talking TNT\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/88\-OCR/BC\-1988\-02\-29\-OCR\-Page\-0034\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=37\|date\=February 29, 1988\|access\-date\=September 29, 2018}}
{{cite web\|title\=Turner talking TNT\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/88\-OCR/BC\-1988\-02\-29\-OCR\-Page\-0035\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=38\|date\=February 29, 1988\|access\-date\=September 29, 2018}}
{{cite web\|title\=Turner talking TNT\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/88\-OCR/BC\-1988\-02\-29\-OCR\-Page\-0090\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=90\|date\=February 29, 1988\|access\-date\=September 29, 2018}}{{cite web\|title\=Turner network gets MSO boost\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/88\-OCR/BC\-1988\-03\-07\-OCR\-Page\-0031\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=31\|date\=March 7, 1988\|access\-date\=September 29, 2018}} On March 7, Turner Broadcasting System's board of directors unanimously approved Ted Turner's plan for Turner Network Television, with October 3 as the channel's proposed launch date. Plans called for TNT to offer 250 nights of original and live sports programming per year within five years of its debut.{{cite web\|title\=Turner hoping to jolt cable world with TNT\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/88\-OCR/BC\-1988\-03\-14\-OCR\-Page\-0030\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=30\|date\=March 14, 1988\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}
{{cite web\|title\=Turner hoping to jolt cable world with TNT\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/88\-OCR/BC\-1988\-03\-14\-OCR\-Page\-0031\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=31\|date\=March 14, 1988\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}
The channel launched at 7:55 p.m. [Eastern Time](/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone "Eastern Time Zone") on October 3, 1988, with TNT founder Ted Turner delivering a message about the channel's launch and programming, followed by a pre\-recorded performance of "[The Star\-Spangled Banner](/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner "The Star-Spangled Banner")," which traditionally played during the launch of a new Turner\-owned network.{{cite web\|title\=TNT takes its first step\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/88\-OCR/BC\-1988\-10\-03\-OCR\-Page\-0044\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=48\|date\=October 3, 1988\|access\-date\=September 29, 2018}}
{{cite web\|title\=TNT takes its first step\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/88\-OCR/BC\-1988\-10\-03\-OCR\-Page\-0045\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=49\|date\=October 3, 1988\|access\-date\=September 29, 2018}} Its inaugural telecast (which followed at 8:00 p.m. Eastern) was the first half of the 1939 classic film *[Gone with the Wind](/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_%28film%29 "Gone with the Wind (film)")*, a film to which Ted Turner had acquired the rights; the second half aired the following night at the same time (both halves were repeated at 11:00 p.m. Eastern on their respective nights), with the film then being shown in its entirety that Sunday. It was said that *Gone with the Wind* was chosen as the channel's inaugural program because it was Turner's favorite movie. (*Gone with the Wind* would also serve as the first program aired on sister channel [Turner Classic Movies](/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies "Turner Classic Movies"), when it debuted in April 1994\.) Incidentally, the film was set and had its [premiere](/wiki/Premiere "Premiere") held in [Atlanta](/wiki/Atlanta "Atlanta"), Turner's hometown and the headquarters of the channel's corporate parent, Turner Broadcasting System.
TNT was initially a vehicle for older movies and television shows to which Turner either already held rights or acquired specifically for the channel; these films made up the majority of TNT's programming during its first six years of operation. The initial schedule also consisted of animated and live\-action children's programs (airing Sunday through Fridays from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time and Monday through Saturdays from 6:00 to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time), with [western series](/wiki/Western_%28genre%29 "Western (genre)") on Saturday mornings and a limited schedule of other classic television series in select other time periods. In its early years, TNT caused controversy among film critics and fans for its airings of [colorized](/wiki/Film_colorization "Film colorization") versions of many classics that were originally filmed in [black\-and\-white](/wiki/Black_and_white "Black and white").
The channel launched with an estimated 17 million subscribers, its initial coverage totaling 6\.8 times that of the largest previous cable network launch ([VH1](/wiki/VH1 "VH1"), which launched on January 1, 1985, with 2\.5 million homes estimated to have initially received that channel). The channel's operations were based inside office space at Turner Broadcasting's Techwood Drive complex in midtown Atlanta that formerly served as the facilities for CNN Headline News from its launch as CNN2 in January 1982 until it and parent network [CNN](/wiki/CNN "CNN") moved their operations into the [CNN Center](/wiki/CNN_Center "CNN Center") downtown in 1987\. Turner Entertainment Networks president Gerald Hogan stated around the time of its launch that TNT would eventually become "the first cable network to directly challenge the three broadcast networks," through the production of original programming that would be of "a quality level equal to and \[..] significantly better" than programs carried on the major American broadcast television networks; as such, the channel slowly began to add original programming and newer reruns within two years of its launch. The channel debuted its first original made\-for\-TV film on March 8, 1989, when TNT premiered *[Nightbreaker](/wiki/Nightbreaker_%28film%29 "Nightbreaker (film)")*, an [Arms Race](/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race "Nuclear arms race")\-era drama starring [Martin Sheen](/wiki/Martin_Sheen "Martin Sheen") (who also co\-produced the film) and [Emilio Estevez](/wiki/Emilio_Estevez "Emilio Estevez").{{cite web\|title\=TNT buys Sheen\-produced feature\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/89\-OCR/BC\-1989\-03\-06\-OCR\-Page\-0037\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|publisher\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=39\|date\=March 6, 1989\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}
### Expansion
{{see also\|Monday Night War}}
[thumb\|left\|175px\|Former logo, used from 1995, until June 12, 2001\.](/wiki/File:Tnt_tv_logo_old.svg "Tnt tv logo old.svg")
In September 1995, TNT debuted *[WCW Monday Nitro](/wiki/WCW_Monday_Nitro "WCW Monday Nitro")*, which assumed the distinction as the flagship program of the now\-defunct [World Championship Wrestling](/wiki/World_Championship_Wrestling "World Championship Wrestling") (WCW) from *[WCW Saturday Night](/wiki/WCW_Saturday_Night "WCW Saturday Night")*, ran on TBS until 2000\. At one point, *Monday Nitro* was regularly the highest\-[rated](/wiki/Nielsen_ratings "Nielsen ratings") weekly program on cable television. The program beat *[Monday Night Raw](/wiki/WWE_Raw "WWE Raw")*, the flagship show of the World Wrestling Federation (WWF; now the [WWE](/wiki/WWE "WWE") or World Wrestling Entertainment), in the ratings for 83 consecutive weeks from 1996 to 1998\.{{cite news\|title\=WWE Vs. WCW Ratings\|url\=http://www.prowrestling.com/almanac/wwe\_vs\_wcw\_ratings/\|newspaper\=ProWrestling.com\|language\=en\-US\|access\-date\=December 27, 2016\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228221429/http://www.prowrestling.com/almanac/wwe\_vs\_wcw\_ratings/\|archive\-date\=December 28, 2016\|url\-status\=dead}} However, by early 1999, the program began to lose viewers to *Raw*, which became the highest\-rated wrestling program on television due to its use of [more adult\-like storylines](/wiki/Attitude_Era "Attitude Era"). On March 23, 2001, the WWF acquired most of the assets of WCW, which had been up for sale since late 2000; *Monday Nitro* aired its last episode three days later.
On September 22, 1995, [Time Warner Entertainment](/wiki/Time_Warner_Entertainment "Time Warner Entertainment")—a [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City "New York City")\-based media company formed in 1989 through the merger of [Time Inc.](/wiki/Time_Inc. "Time Inc.") and [Warner Bros.](/wiki/Warner_Bros. "Warner Bros.") corporate parent [Warner Communications](/wiki/Warner_Communications "Warner Communications")—reached an agreement to acquire the Turner Broadcasting System and its associated properties (including TNT, TBS, CNN, Headline News and Cartoon Network as well as [Turner Entertainment](/wiki/Turner_Entertainment "Turner Entertainment")) for $7\.5 billion; the deal would also expand Time Warner Entertainment's pay television holdings, as it had owned [HBO](/wiki/HBO "HBO") and sister premium service [Cinemax](/wiki/Cinemax "Cinemax") as well as cable television provider [Time Warner Cable](/wiki/Time_Warner_Cable "Time Warner Cable") since the Time\-Warner Communications merger six years prior. (Time Warner and predecessor Warner Communications had owned an 18% interest in Turner Broadcasting since 1987, as part of a cable television industry\-backed bailout of the company amid severe financial issues.) Under the terms, Turner would acquire an approximate 10% interest in Time Warner Entertainment as well as oversee its subscription network group—comprising the Turner and [Home Box Office](/wiki/Home_Box_Office%2C_Inc. "Home Box Office, Inc.") units and its minority interests in [Comedy Central](/wiki/Comedy_Central "Comedy Central") and [E!](/wiki/E%21 "E!")—and hold a position on the company's [board of directors](/wiki/Board_of_directors "Board of directors") (which he retained until he stepped down from the company in February 2006\) upon the merger's closure.{{cite web\|title\=It's TBS Time\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/95\-OCR/BC\-1995\-09\-25\-OCR\-Page\-0008\.pdf\|author\=Steve McClellan\|periodical\=Broadcasting \& Cable\|publisher\=Cahners Business Information\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=8\|date\=September 25, 1995\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}
{{cite web\|title\=It's TBS Time\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/95\-OCR/BC\-1995\-09\-25\-OCR\-Page\-0010\.pdf\|author\=Steve McClellan\|periodical\=Broadcasting \& Cable\|publisher\=Cahners Business Information\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=10\|date\=September 25, 1995\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\|title\=Turner to Merge Into Time Warner; a $7\.5 Billion Deal\|url\=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/23/us/turner\-to\-merge\-into\-time\-warner\-a\-7\.5\-billion\-deal.html\|author\=Mark Landler\|newspaper\=\[\[The New York Times]]\|date\=September 23, 1995\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\|title\=Time Warner, TBS Agree on $7\.5 Billion Merger\|url\=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1995/09/23/time\-warner\-tbs\-agree\-on\-75\-billion\-merger/1453ea45\-2e9d\-4c75\-962a\-823ddadb4891/\|author\=Paul Farhi\|newspaper\=\[\[The Washington Post]]\|date\=September 23, 1995\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\|title\=Time Warner, Turner agree to merge\|url\=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/09/22/Time\-Warner\-Turner\-agree\-to\-merge/9796811742400/\|work\=\[\[United Press International]]\|date\=September 22, 1995\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\|title\=Time Warner\-TBS deal widens entertainment vistas\|url\=http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Movies/9509/Time\_Turner\_Movies/\|author\=Paul Vercammen\|website\=CNN\|publisher\=Turner Broadcasting System\|date\=September 23, 1995\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\|title\=Turner\-Time Warner Merger Approved by Shareholders\|url\=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la\-xpm\-1996\-10\-11\-fi\-52676\-story.html\|author\=Thomas S. Mulligan\|newspaper\=\[\[Los Angeles Times]]\|date\=October 11, 1996\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite web\|title\=Turner to head TW cable interests\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/96\-OCR/BC\-1996\-09\-23\-OCR\-Page\-0012\.pdf\|author\=Steve McClellan\|periodical\=Broadcasting \& Cable\|publisher\=Cahners Business Information\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=12\|date\=September 23, 1996\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\|title\=Time Warner Says Goodbye to Ted Turner\|url\=https://adage.com/article/media/time\-warner\-goodbye\-ted\-turner/48652/\|author\=Abbey Klaassen\|periodical\=\[\[Advertising Age]]\|publisher\=\[\[Crain Communications]]\|date\=February 24, 2006\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\|title\=Time\-Warner, Turner Approve Merger\|url\=https://www.cnet.com/news/time\-warner\-turner\-approve\-merger/\|website\=\[\[CNET]]\|date\=November 16, 1995\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}} The merger received regulatory approval on September 12, 1996; the Turner–Time Warner deal was finalized one month later on October 10, forming what at the time was the largest media company in the world.{{cite news\|title\=Time\-Turner deal OK'd\|url\=https://money.cnn.com/1996/09/12/deals/timeturner/\|website\=CNN\|publisher\=Turner Broadcasting System\|date\=September 12, 1996\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\|title\=Merger of Time Warner, Turner OKd\|url\=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la\-xpm\-1996\-10\-11\-fi\-52676\-story.html\|author\=Sallie Hofmeister\|newspaper\=Los Angeles Times\|date\=October 11, 1996\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\|title\=Time\-TBS merger closed\|url\=https://money.cnn.com/1996/10/10/deals/time\_warner\_a/\|website\=CNN\|publisher\=Turner Broadcasting System\|date\=October 10, 1996\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}
The channel was also known for its late night programming. One such program was *[MonsterVision](/wiki/MonsterVision "MonsterVision")*, a Saturday night [B movie](/wiki/B_movie "B movie") showcase that aired from 1991 to 2000\. Often the series had special themes, such as "Godzilla Bash '94," an all\-day marathon of movies from the *[Godzilla](/wiki/Godzilla_%28franchise%29 "Godzilla (franchise)")* franchise. [Penn \& Teller](/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller "Penn & Teller") served as occasional guest hosts during its early years; and in 1996, *MonsterVision* found a permanent host in cult personality and [drive\-in movie](/wiki/Drive-in_movie "Drive-in movie") aficionado [Joe Bob Briggs](/wiki/Joe_Bob_Briggs "Joe Bob Briggs"), who hosted a pair of more contemporary horror films each week, such as *[Friday the 13th Part 2](/wiki/Friday_the_13th_Part_2 "Friday the 13th Part 2")* and *[Wes Craven's New Nightmare](/wiki/Wes_Craven%27s_New_Nightmare "Wes Craven's New Nightmare")*. During the wraparound segments within each film, Briggs provided a running commentary, trivia, off\-color jokes, and a drive\-in total, as well as jokes at the expense of TNT's [Standards \& Practices](/wiki/Standards_%26_Practices "Standards & Practices") department regarding the heavy censorship of the featured movies. This running joke culminated in a *[Friday the 13th](/wiki/Friday_the_13th_%28franchise%29 "Friday the 13th (franchise)")* all\-night [Halloween](/wiki/Halloween "Halloween") marathon in 1998, where it was implied that Ted Turner was out to kill him.
Into the 1990s, TNT continued to air cartoons from the Turner library, such as *[The Flintstones](/wiki/The_Flintstones "The Flintstones")*, *[Scooby\-Doo](/wiki/Scooby-Doo "Scooby-Doo")*, *[Dexter's Laboratory](/wiki/Dexter%27s_Laboratory "Dexter's Laboratory")*, and *[The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest](/wiki/The_Real_Adventures_of_Jonny_Quest "The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest")* as part of a daily block called *TNT Toons*; the [DePatie\-Freleng](/wiki/DePatie-Freleng_Enterprises "DePatie-Freleng Enterprises") *[Pink Panther](/wiki/The_Pink_Panther_Show "The Pink Panther Show")* cartoons were also featured. *[The Rudy and Gogo World Famous Cartoon Show](/wiki/The_Rudy_and_Gogo_World_Famous_Cartoon_Show "The Rudy and Gogo World Famous Cartoon Show")*, which ran from 1995 to 1997, was an original children's program on the channel featuring [Warner Bros.](/wiki/Warner_Bros. "Warner Bros."), [MGM](/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer_cartoon_studio "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio"), and *[Popeye](/wiki/Popeye_the_Sailor_%28film_series%29 "Popeye the Sailor (film series)")* shorts, hosted by a titular pair of a [marionette](/wiki/Marionette "Marionette") and a nanny goat. In January 1996, the channel began scaling back its children's programming amid competition in that market from [Nickelodeon](/wiki/Nickelodeon "Nickelodeon") and Turner\-owned sister channel [Cartoon Network](/wiki/Cartoon_Network "Cartoon Network"); at that time, TNT discontinued its late\-afternoon block of animated series in favor of airing acquired drama series such as *[Starsky \& Hutch](/wiki/Starsky_%26_Hutch "Starsky & Hutch")* and *[In the Heat of the Night](/wiki/In_the_Heat_of_the_Night_%28TV_series%29 "In the Heat of the Night (TV series)")*.{{cite web\|title\=Cutting out the kid stuff\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/96\-OCR/BC\-1996\-01\-08\-OCR\-Page\-0057\.pdf\|author\=Jim McConville\|periodical\=Broadcasting \& Cable\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=27\|date\=January 8, 2001\|access\-date\=October 5, 2018}}
{{cite web\|title\=Cutting out the kid stuff\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/96\-OCR/BC\-1996\-01\-08\-OCR\-Page\-0058\.pdf\|author\=Jim McConville\|periodical\=Broadcasting \& Cable\|publisher\=Cahners Business Information\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=60\|date\=January 8, 2001\|access\-date\=October 5, 2018}} In 1998, TNT dropped all of its remaining cartoons, relegating those shows to Cartoon Network. Most of the animated series and shorts that were dropped would also serve as the core of [Boomerang](/wiki/Boomerang_%28TV_network%29 "Boomerang (TV network)"), a subscription channel devoted to classic cartoons that launched on April 1, 2000\.
During the 1990s, TNT scheduled a weekday afternoon block that included *[Due South](/wiki/Due_South "Due South")*, *[Kung Fu: The Legend Continues](/wiki/Kung_Fu:The_Legend_Continues "The Legend Continues")*, *[Lois \& Clark: The New Adventures of Superman](/wiki/Lois_%26_Clark:The_New_Adventures_of_Superman "The New Adventures of Superman")* and *[Babylon 5](/wiki/Babylon_5 "Babylon 5")*. In 1998, TNT made efforts to increase its original programming, bumping its production budget by 146%, with programming production costs running in the range of $175 million to $200 million by 2000\.{{cite web\|title\=TNT revamping its image\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/98\-OCR/BC\-1998\-04\-13\-OCR\-Page\-0043\.pdf\|author\=Donna Petrozzello\|periodical\=Broadcasting \& Cable\|publisher\=Cahners Business Information\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=27\|date\=June 11, 2001\|access\-date\=October 5, 2018}} That year, TNT took over production of the fifth and final season of *Babylon 5* from the [Prime Time Entertainment Network](/wiki/Prime_Time_Entertainment_Network "Prime Time Entertainment Network") after the ad hoc syndication block ceased operations. The following year, TNT produced the *Babylon 5* spinoff series *[Crusade](/wiki/Crusade_%28TV_series%29 "Crusade (TV series)")*, which was canceled after 13 episodes, as TNT management decided that science fiction did not fit the channel's brand identity. In 2001, TNT debuted what became its most successful original series at the time, *[Witchblade](/wiki/Witchblade_%282001_TV_series%29 "Witchblade (2001 TV series)")*, which ran for two seasons, ending in 2002\.
### Shift towards drama
[thumb\|155px\|Former TNT logo, used from June 12, 2001, to January 29, 2016, the current logo is loosely based on this design.](/wiki/File:TNT_TV_logo.svg "TNT TV logo.svg")
On June 12, 2001, TNT underwent an extensive [rebrand](/wiki/Rebrand "Rebrand"), with the introduction of a new logo designed by Trollbäck \+ Company as well as a new slogan, "We Know Drama," a repositioning of the network that Bradley Siegel, then\-president of Turner Entertainment Networks, explained had emerged through extensive focus group research with frequent TNT viewers. The slogan emphasized the channel's new focus on dramatic programming, including sports and off\-network [syndicated](/wiki/Broadcast_syndication "Broadcast syndication") dramas such as *[Law \& Order](/wiki/Law_%26_Order "Law & Order")*, *[NYPD Blue](/wiki/NYPD_Blue "NYPD Blue")*, *[ER](/wiki/ER_%28TV_series%29 "ER (TV series)")* and *[Judging Amy](/wiki/Judging_Amy "Judging Amy")*.{{cite web\|title\=Five Blind Mice: How the Big Cable Nets Lost Their Way\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/01\-OCR/BC\-2001\-06\-11\-OCR\-Page\-0033\.pdf\|author\=John M. Higgins\|periodical\=Broadcasting \& Cable\|publisher\=Cahners Business Information\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=27\|date\=June 11, 2001\|access\-date\=October 5, 2018}}
On January 1, 2003, TNT launched a substitute feed called *TNT Plus*, although it does not appear this was ever reflected in the channel's on\-air identity. The apparent sole purpose of its establishment was to force renegotiations with subscription providers to increase carriage fees—with some [multiple system operators](/wiki/Multichannel_television_in_the_United_States "Multichannel television in the United States") suggesting that Turner was seeking a 10% increase in subscriber fees for the channel—to help pay for TNT's new [NBA](/wiki/National_Basketball_Association "National Basketball Association") and [NASCAR](/wiki/NASCAR "NASCAR") contracts well before the channel's distribution agreements with providers were scheduled to come up for renewal. In theory, TNT Plus was to have been the sole carrier of Turner's NBA and NASCAR coverage from that point forward, while any providers still carrying the original TNT would have seen replacement programming instead.{{cite web\|title\=Cameras on the court\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/02\-OCR/BC\-2002\-10\-28\-OCR\-Page\-0062\.pdf\|author\=Allison Romano\|periodical\=Broadcasting \& Cable\|publisher\=Cahners Business Information\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=44\|date\=October 28, 2002\|access\-date\=October 5, 2018}}{{cite web\|title\=TNT to ops: pay up for 'Plus'\|url\=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article\-1G1\-93460284/tnt\-ops\-pay\-up.html\|author\=Thomas R. Umstead\|periodical\=\[\[Multichannel News]]\|publisher\=Cahners Business Information\|via\=Access My Library\|date\=October 21, 2002}} Although it appears that [Comcast](/wiki/Comcast "Comcast") did not immediately sign on to carry TNT Plus, there is no evidence that Turner had actually pulled its sports programming from the "original" TNT.{{cite web\|title\=TNT gets in HD game – TCM next?\|url\=https://www.multichannel.com/news/tnt\-gets\-hd\-game\-tcm\-next\-161462\|author\=Linda Moss\|author2\=R. Thomas Umstead\|periodical\=Multichannel News\|publisher\=Cahners Business Information\|date\=January 12, 2004}}
On December 7, 2008, TNT unveiled an update to its logo, displaying it mainly in a silver or sometimes gold [beveling](/wiki/Bevel "Bevel"). The "We know drama" tagline remained, but the channel added more of a focus on its original series and announced plans to carry three nights of original programming a week during primetime, starting in 2009\.{{cite web \|last\=Lafayette \|first\=Jon \|url\=http://www.tvweek.com/news/2008/12/new\_promo\_campaign\_touts\_tnts.php \|title\=New Promo Campaign Touts TNT's Dramatic Credentials \|publisher\=TVWeek \|access\-date\=September 5, 2009 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223222429/http://www.tvweek.com/news/2008/12/new\_promo\_campaign\_touts\_tnts.php \|archive\-date\=February 23, 2014 \|url\-status\=dead }} In 2012, TNT rebranded itself with a new slogan: "Drama, Period." (visually displayed as "Drama.," with the TNT logo serving as the [period symbol](/wiki/Full_stop "Full stop")), with the logo being recolored to match the themes of its shows.
On May 14, 2014, TNT altered its on\-air branding to "TNT Drama" and introduced a new slogan, "Boom." The branding campaign reflects the channel's refocusing towards action\-adventure, sci\-fi, fantasy, mystery, suspense series alongside its slate of crime dramas.{{cite news\|title\=TNT Introduces New 'Boom' Tagline; TNT \& TBS Unveil 2014\-2015 Development Slates\|url\=https://www.deadline.com/2014/05/tnt\-tbs\-upfront\-development\-projects\-2014\-2015\-vince\-vaughan\-donnie\-wahlberg/\|work\=\[\[Deadline Hollywood]]\|date\=May 14, 2014}} The channel purchased subscription\-television rights in September for the next five [Marvel Studios](/wiki/Marvel_Studios "Marvel Studios") movies starting with *[Avengers: Age of Ultron](/wiki/Avengers:Age_of_Ultron "Age of Ultron")*.{{cite news\|last1\=Graser\|first1\=Marc\|title\=TNT Locks Down Next Five Marvel Movies Starting With 'The Avengers: Age of Ultron'\|url\=https://variety.com/2014/tv/news/tnt\-marvel\-studios\-movies\-the\-avengers\-age\-of\-ultron\-1201307635/\|access\-date\=September 17, 2014\|work\=Variety\|date\=September 17, 2014}} In 2016, TNT changed its logo after 15 years.
### AT\&T ownership
On October 22, 2016, [AT\&T](/wiki/AT%26T "AT&T") announced an offer to acquire Time Warner for $108\.7 billion, including debt it would assume from the latter; the merger would bring Time Warner's various media properties, including TBS, under the same corporate umbrella as AT\&T's telecommunications holdings, including satellite provider [DirecTV](/wiki/DirecTV "DirecTV").{{cite news\|title\=AT\&T Reaches Deal to Buy Time Warner for $86 Billion\|url\=https://www.wsj.com/articles/at\-t\-reaches\-deal\-to\-buy\-time\-warner\-for\-more\-than\-80\-billion\-1477157084\|author\=Thomas Gryta\|author2\=Keach Hagey\|author3\=Dana Cimmiluca\|newspaper\=The Wall Street Journal\|date\=October 22, 2016\|access\-date\=July 14, 2018\|archive\-date\=October 23, 2016\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023013659/http://www.wsj.com/articles/at\-t\-reaches\-deal\-to\-buy\-time\-warner\-for\-more\-than\-80\-billion\-1477157084\|url\-status\=live}}{{cite web\|title\=AT\&T Sets $85\.4 Billion Time Warner Deal, CEOs Talks 'Unique' Potential of Combination\|url\=https://variety.com/2016/biz/news/att\-time\-warner\-deal\-1201897938/\|author\=Cynthia Littleton\|periodical\=Variety\|date\=October 22, 2016\|access\-date\=July 14, 2018\|archive\-date\=October 23, 2016\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023204133/http://variety.com/2016/biz/news/att\-time\-warner\-deal\-1201897938/\|url\-status\=live}}{{cite news\|title\=AT\&T agrees to buy Time Warner for more than $80B\|url\=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2016/10/22/reports\-t\-agrees\-buy\-time\-warner\-more\-than\-80b/92589816/\|author\=Roger Yu\|newspaper\=USA Today \|date\=October 22, 2016\|access\-date\=July 14, 2018\|archive\-date\=October 23, 2016\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023013659/http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2016/10/22/reports\-t\-agrees\-buy\-time\-warner\-more\-than\-80b/92589816/\|url\-status\=live}}{{cite web\|title\=AT\&T Reaches Deal to Buy Time Warner for $86 Billion\|url\=https://www.wsj.com/articles/at\-t\-reaches\-deal\-to\-buy\-time\-warner\-for\-more\-than\-80\-billion\-1477157084\|author\=Thomas Gryta\|author2\=Keach Hagey\|author3\=Dana Cimmiluca\|newspaper\=\[\[The Wall Street Journal]]\|publisher\=\[\[News Corp (2013–present)\|News Corp.]]\|date\=October 22, 2016\|access\-date\=October 22, 2016\|archive\-date\=October 23, 2016\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023013659/http://www.wsj.com/articles/at\-t\-reaches\-deal\-to\-buy\-time\-warner\-for\-more\-than\-80\-billion\-1477157084\|url\-status\=live}} Time Warner shareholders approved the merger on February 15, 2017; however, on February 28, FCC Chairman [Ajit Pai](/wiki/Ajit_Pai "Ajit Pai") announced that his agency will not review the deal, leaving the review to the [U.S. Department of Justice](/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice").{{cite news\|title\=Time Warner shareholders vote to approve AT\&T merger\|url\=https://money.cnn.com/2017/02/15/media/time\-warner\-shareholders\-att\-merger/\|author\=Tom Kludt\|website\=CNNMoney\|publisher\=Turner Broadcasting System/Time Warner\|date\=February 15, 2017\|access\-date\=August 3, 2020\|archive\-date\=April 1, 2019\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401233504/https://money.cnn.com/2017/02/15/media/time\-warner\-shareholders\-att\-merger/\|url\-status\=live}}{{cite news\|title\=FCC chief: AT\&T\-Time Warner deal won't face agency's scrutiny\|url\=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/02/27/fcc\-chief\-t\-time\-warner\-deal\-wont\-face\-agencys\-scrutiny/98491670/\|newspaper\=USA Today \|date\=February 27, 2017\|access\-date\=September 15, 2017\|archive\-date\=October 11, 2017\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011232315/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/02/27/fcc\-chief\-t\-time\-warner\-deal\-wont\-face\-agencys\-scrutiny/98491670/\|url\-status\=live}} On November 20, 2017, the Justice Department filed a lawsuit against AT\&T and Time Warner in an attempt to block the merger, citing [antitrust](/wiki/Antitrust "Antitrust") concerns surrounding the transaction.{{cite news\|title\=AT\&T Sued by U.S. Seeking to Block Merger With Time Warner\|url\=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017\-11\-20/at\-t\-is\-said\-to\-face\-u\-s\-antitrust\-lawsuit\-over\-time\-warner\|author\=Sara Foden\|author2\=David McLaughlin\|author3\=Scott Moritz\|website\=Bloomberg News\|publisher\=Bloomberg L.P.\|date\=November 20, 2017\|access\-date\=September 22, 2018\|archive\-date\=November 20, 2017\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120214748/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017\-11\-20/at\-t\-is\-said\-to\-face\-u\-s\-antitrust\-lawsuit\-over\-time\-warner\|url\-status\=live}} The proposed merger—which had already been approved by the [European Commission](/wiki/European_Commission "European Commission") and Mexican, Chilean and Brazilian regulatory authorities—was affirmed by court ruling on June 12, 2018, after [District of Columbia U.S. District Court](/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia "United States District Court for the District of Columbia") Judge [Richard J. Leon](/wiki/Richard_J._Leon "Richard J. Leon") ruled in favor of AT\&T, dismissing the DOJ's antitrust claims in the lawsuit. The merger closed two days later on June 14, with the company becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of AT\&T under the renamed parent company [WarnerMedia](/wiki/WarnerMedia "WarnerMedia"). The U.S. Court of Appeals in Washington unanimously upheld the lower court's ruling in favor of AT\&T on February 26, 2019\.{{cite news\|title\=Judge approves $85 billion AT\&T\-Time Warner deal\|url\=https://money.cnn.com/2018/06/12/media/att\-time\-warner\-ruling/index.html\|author\=Hadas Gold\|website\=CNNMoney\|publisher\=Time Warner\|date\=June 12, 2018\|access\-date\=July 14, 2018\|archive\-date\=July 11, 2018\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711204644/https://money.cnn.com/2018/06/12/media/att\-time\-warner\-ruling/index.html\|url\-status\=live}}{{cite news\|title\=Justice Department Sues to Block AT\&T\-Time WarnerMerger\|url\=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/business/dealbook/att\-time\-warner\-merger.html\|author\=Cecilia Kang\|author2\=Michael J. de la Merced\|newspaper\=The New York Times\|date\=November 20, 2017\|access\-date\=July 14, 2018\|archive\-date\=December 11, 2017\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211123601/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/business/dealbook/att\-time\-warner\-merger.html\|url\-status\=live}}{{cite press release\|title\=AT\&T Completes Acquisition of Time Warner Inc.\|url\=http://about.att.com/story/att\_completes\_acquisition\_of\_time\_warner\_inc.html\|website\=AT\&T\|date\=June 15, 2018\|access\-date\=June 15, 2018\|archive\-date\=June 15, 2018\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615011751/http://about.att.com/story/att\_completes\_acquisition\_of\_time\_warner\_inc.html\|url\-status\=live}}{{cite news\|title\=European Commission Approves AT\&T Acquisition of Time Warner\|url\=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/european\-commission\-approves\-at\-t\-acquisition\-time\-warner\-986380\|author\=Georg Szalai\|periodical\=The Hollywood Reporter\|publisher\=\[\[Eldridge Industries\|Billboard\-Hollywood Reporter Media Group]]\|date\=March 15, 2017\|access\-date\=April 17, 2020\|archive\-date\=July 31, 2020\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731041841/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/european\-commission\-approves\-at\-t\-acquisition\-time\-warner\-986380\|url\-status\=live}}{{cite web\|title\=AT\&T's $85B Time Warner deal gets Mexico's approval\|url\=https://seekingalpha.com/news/3291126\-ts\-85b\-time\-warner\-deal\-gets\-mexicos\-approval\|author\=Jason Aycock\|website\=\[\[Seeking Alpha]]\|date\=August 22, 2017\|access\-date\=September 28, 2017\|archive\-date\=June 17, 2018\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617093602/https://seekingalpha.com/news/3291126\-ts\-85b\-time\-warner\-deal\-gets\-mexicos\-approval\|url\-status\=live}}{{cite web\|title\=AT\&T\-Time Warner merger approved with conditions by Chilean regulators\|url\=http://www.fiercecable.com/broadcasting/at\-t\-time\-warner\-merger\-approved\-conditions\-by\-chilean\-regulators\|author\=Ben Munson\|website\=FierceCable\|publisher\=Questex LLC\|date\=September 5, 2017}}{{cite news\|title\=With consent from Brazil, AT\&T has only one regulatory hurdle left before it can gobble Time Warner\|url\=https://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la\-fi\-ct\-att\-time\-warner\-approval\-20171018\-story.html\|author\=Meg James\|newspaper\=Los Angeles Times\|date\=October 18, 2017\|access\-date\=October 18, 2017\|archive\-date\=April 23, 2020\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423163909/http://beta.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la\-fi\-ct\-att\-time\-warner\-approval\-20171018\-story.html\|url\-status\=live}}{{cite web\|title\=U.S. appeals court OKs $81 billion merger of AT\&T and Time Warner\|url\=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/at\-t\-time\-warner\-merger\-approved\-by\-u\-s\-appeals\-court\-81\-billion\-takeover\-wont\-harm\-competition/\|website\=\[\[CBS News]]\|publisher\=\[\[CBS Corporation]]\|date\=February 27, 2019\|access\-date\=March 31, 2019\|archive\-date\=March 31, 2019\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331013453/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/at\-t\-time\-warner\-merger\-approved\-by\-u\-s\-appeals\-court\-81\-billion\-takeover\-wont\-harm\-competition/\|url\-status\=live}}
On March 4, 2019, WarnerMedia underwent a major reorganization of its broadcasting assets, in which Turner Broadcasting would effectively be dissolved, and WarnerMedia's television properties would be divided among three divisions within the WarnerMedia umbrella, with TNT, along with TBS, truTV and HBO being reassigned to WarnerMedia Entertainment, chaired by [Bob Greenblatt](/wiki/Bob_Greenblatt "Bob Greenblatt"). AT\&T did not specify any timetable for the changes to take effect, although WarnerMedia had begun to remove all Turner references in corporate communications and press releases, referring to that unit's networks as "divisions of WarnerMedia."{{cite news\|title\=WarnerMedia reorganizes its leadership team after AT\&T acquisition\|url\=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/04/warnermedia\-reorganizes\-its\-leadership\-team\-after\-att\-acquisition.html\|author\=Lauren Feiner\|website\=\[\[CNBC]]\|publisher\=\[\[NBCUniversal\|NBCUniversal News Group]]\|date\=March 4, 2019\|access\-date\=March 4, 2019}}{{cite news\|title\=AT\&T to HBO, Turner: No More Fiefdoms\|url\=https://www.wsj.com/articles/at\-t\-readying\-overhaul\-of\-warnermedia\-11551483138?mod\=article\_inline\|newspaper\=The Wall Street Journal\|date\=March 1, 2019\|access\-date\=April 10, 2019}}{{cite web\|title\=What the End of the Turner Brand Could Mean for Its Channels\|url\=https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/turner\-brand\-time\-warner\-tnt\-tbs\-trutv\-1203160652/\|author\=Michael Schneider\|website\=Variety\|date\=March 12, 2019\|access\-date\=April 10, 2019}}
{{see also\|Wednesday Night Wars}}
On May 15, 2019, upstart promotion [All Elite Wrestling](/wiki/All_Elite_Wrestling "All Elite Wrestling") (AEW) and WarnerMedia announced a broadcasting agreement to offer a weekly prime\-time wrestling program on TNT—later named *[AEW Dynamite](/wiki/AEW_Dynamite "AEW Dynamite")*, which premiered on October 2, 2019, as AEW's flagship program—marking the network's re\-entry into the professional wrestling scene following the aforementioned closure of World Championship Wrestling eighteen years prior.{{cite web\|title\=AEW TV deal: Weekly show to air live on TNT with Turner also streaming pay\-per\-views \|url\=https://www.cbssports.com/wwe/news/aew\-tv\-deal\-weekly\-show\-to\-air\-live\-on\-tnt\-with\-turner\-also\-streaming\-pay\-per\-views/\| last1\=Adam Silverstein\|website\=\[\[CBS Sports]]\|publisher\=\[\[CBS Corporation]]\|date\=May 15, 2019\|access\-date\=September 7, 2020}} On August 13, 2021, AEW premiered a second weekly program on TNT—*[Rampage](/wiki/AEW_Rampage "AEW Rampage")*—which airs on Friday nights. In January 2022, *Dynamite* moved to TBS, with *Rampage* remaining on TNT.{{cite web \|author\=Joe Otterson \|date\=September 23, 2021 \|title\='AEW: Dynamite' Sets January Date for TBS Move, 'Rampage' to Remain on TNT \|url\=https://www.variety.com/2021/tv/news/aew\-dynamite\-tbs\-premiere\-date\-rampage\-tnt\-1235072280/ \|work\=Variety \|accessdate\=September 23, 2021}} AEW would add a third weekly program, that being *[Collision](/wiki/AEW_Collision "AEW Collision")*, on June 17, 2023; *Collision* airs mostly on Saturday nights on TNT.
### Warner Bros. Discovery era
On April 8, 2022, WarnerMedia was divested by AT\&T and merged with [Discovery Inc.](/wiki/Discovery_Inc. "Discovery Inc.") to form [Warner Bros. Discovery](/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery "Warner Bros. Discovery") (WBD).{{cite web \|last\=Maas \|first\=Jennifer \|date\=April 8, 2022 \|title\=Discovery Closes Acquisition of AT\&T's WarnerMedia \|url\=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/discovery\-warnermedia\-merger\-close\-warner\-bros\-discovery\-1235200983/ \|access\-date\=May 21, 2022 \|website\=\[\[Variety (magazine)\|Variety]] \|publisher\=\[\[Penske Media Corporation]]}} On April 26, it was reported that WBD had suspended original scripted series development at TBS and TNT in order to evaluate the channels' strategies moving forward. At this point, TNT only had two original scripted series still airing first\-run episodes, *[Animal Kingdom](/wiki/Animal_Kingdom_%28TV_series%29 "Animal Kingdom (TV series)")* and *[Snowpiercer](/wiki/Snowpiercer_%28TV_series%29 "Snowpiercer (TV series)")*, both of which are preparing for their final seasons.{{Cite web \|last1\=Maas \|first1\=Jennifer \|last2\=Otterson \|first2\=Joe \|date\=April 26, 2022 \|title\=Warner Bros. Discovery Cuts Scripted Programming Development at TBS, TNT (EXCLUSIVE) \|url\=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/tnt\-tbs\-scripted\-programming\-development\-scrapped\-warner\-bros\-discovery\-1235241348/ \|access\-date\=May 12, 2022 \|website\=Variety}} On May 11, [Brett Weitz](/wiki/Brett_Weitz "Brett Weitz") was removed as general manager for TBS, TNT, and TruTV; the channels are now overseen by [Kathleen Finch](/wiki/Kathleen_Finch "Kathleen Finch") as head of U.S. Networks.{{Cite web \|last\=Andreeva \|first\=Nellie \|date\=May 12, 2022 \|title\=Tom Ascheim Exits As President Of Warner Bros. Global Kids, Young Adults and Classic \|url\=https://deadline.com/2022/05/tom\-ascheim\-exits\-warner\-bros\-president\-global\-kids\-young\-adults\-and\-classics\-1235021790/ \|access\-date\=May 12, 2022 \|website\=Deadline}}{{Cite web \|last\=Andreeva \|first\=Nellie \|date\=May 12, 2022 \|title\=Johanna Fuentes Departs As Head of Global Communications Studios \& Networks Group At Warner Bros. Discovery \|url\=https://deadline.com/2022/05/johanna\-fuentes\-exit\-head\-of\-global\-communications\-warner\-bros\-discovery\-1235021818/ \|access\-date\=May 12, 2022 \|website\=Deadline}}{{Cite web \|last\=Andreeva \|first\=Nellie \|date\=May 11, 2022 \|title\=Brett Weitz Exits As General Manager Of TNT, TBS \& truTV \|url\=https://deadline.com/2022/05/brett\-weitz\-exit\-general\-manager\-tnt\-tbs\-trutv\-1235011472/ \|access\-date\=May 12, 2022 \|website\=Deadline}}
|
[
"History\n-------",
"### Beginnings",
"{{see also\\|Metro\\-Goldwyn\\-Mayer\\#MGM Entertainment}}\nPrior to the launch of the channel in 1988, the **Turner Network Television** name had been utilized by the [Turner Broadcasting System](/wiki/Turner_Broadcasting_System \"Turner Broadcasting System\") for an ad hoc syndication service which produced and distributed various sporting events for carriage on Turner's [Atlanta, Georgia](/wiki/Atlanta \"Atlanta\") [superstation](/wiki/Superstation \"Superstation\") WTBS (channel 17, now [WPCH\\-TV](/wiki/WPCH-TV \"WPCH-TV\"), which was separated from its national cable feed, [TBS](/wiki/TBS_%28TV_network%29 \"TBS (TV network)\"), in October 2007\\) as well as broadcast television stations throughout the United States.",
"The Turner Network Television syndication service launched in 1982 to produce two exhibition games organized by the [NFL Players Association](/wiki/NFL_Players_Association \"NFL Players Association\") (NFLPA) during the [NFL strike](/wiki/1982_NFL_strike \"1982 NFL strike\"), which were broadcast on WTBS and its national superstation feed. (The agreement with the NFLPA originally called for 18 games to be broadcast by WTBS on Sunday afternoons and Monday nights during the originally proposed strike season, but was reduced to the exhibition games amid lawsuits filed by the [National Football League](/wiki/National_Football_League \"National Football League\") against Turner Broadcasting and the NFLPA union.){{cite web\\|title\\=Players, Turner set details for strike league\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/82\\-OCR/1982\\-08\\-23\\-BC\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0053\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=\\[\\[Broadcasting \\& Cable\\|Broadcasting]]\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=53\\|date\\=August 23, 1982\\|access\\-date\\=September 29, 2018}}{{cite web\\|title\\=Strike force\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/82\\-OCR/1982\\-09\\-27\\-BC\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0032\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=32\\|date\\=September 27, 1982\\|access\\-date\\=September 29, 2018}}{{cite web\\|title\\=It's fourth and a mile for NFL TV\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/82\\-OCR/1982\\-10\\-11\\-BC\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0028\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=28\\|date\\=October 11, 1982\\|access\\-date\\=September 29, 2018}} The TNT syndication service also produced and distributed the first [Goodwill Games](/wiki/Goodwill_Games \"Goodwill Games\")—organized by [Ted Turner](/wiki/Ted_Turner \"Ted Turner\") himself, in response to the Olympic boycotts involving the United States and the Soviet Union of the [1980](/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics \"1980 Summer Olympics\") and [1984 Summer Olympics](/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics \"1984 Summer Olympics\")—in [1986](/wiki/1986_Goodwill_Games \"1986 Goodwill Games\").{{cite web\\|title\\=Turner's sports detente\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/85\\-OCR/BC\\-1985\\-08\\-12\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0040\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=40\\|date\\=August 12, 1985\\|access\\-date\\=September 29, 2018}} \n{{cite web\\|title\\=Turner's sports detente\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/85\\-OCR/BC\\-1985\\-08\\-12\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0045\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=45\\|date\\=August 12, 1985\\|access\\-date\\=September 29, 2018}}",
"On October 6, 1987, Ted Turner announced the launch of Turner Network Television (TNT)—his fifth basic cable network venture, following SuperStation TBS, CNN, Headline News (now [HLN](/wiki/HLN_%28TV_network%29 \"HLN (TV network)\")) and the short\\-lived [Cable Music Channel](/wiki/Cable_Music_Channel \"Cable Music Channel\")—in a keynote address at the opening day of the Atlantic Cable Show in [Atlantic City, New Jersey](/wiki/Atlantic_City%2C_New_Jersey \"Atlantic City, New Jersey\"), stating that the channel would center around major television events. Turner originally estimated that TNT would be offered to cable systems at a monthly rate of 10¢ per subscriber at launch (increasing to 20¢ per subscriber per month by March 1989\\), with 10 minutes of advertising being carried each hour (three to four minutes of which would be given to prospective cable systems for local advertising).{{cite web\\|title\\=Turner's TNT adds spark to Atlantic Cable Show\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/87\\-OCR/BC\\-1987\\-10\\-12\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0031\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=31\\|date\\=October 12, 1987\\|access\\-date\\=September 29, 2018}} \n{{cite web\\|title\\=Turner's TNT adds spark to Atlantic Cable Show\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/87\\-OCR/BC\\-1987\\-10\\-12\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0032\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=32\\|date\\=October 12, 1987\\|access\\-date\\=September 29, 2018}}{{cite web\\|title\\=Cable's interest in 'Hollywood's best'\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/87\\-OCR/BC\\-1987\\-10\\-26\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0098\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=98\\|date\\=October 26, 1987\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}} Turner Broadcasting struggled to obtain carriage commitments from various cable providers to commence with the proposed service's launch plans, making TNT's fate uncertain.{{cite web\\|title\\=TNT in limbo\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/87\\-OCR/BC\\-1987\\-11\\-23\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0039\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=39\\|date\\=November 23, 1987\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}} Turner also entered into preliminary discussions with [NBC](/wiki/NBC \"NBC\") to purchase a 25% stake in the company, with the prospect of using NBC's financial and programming expertise to get TNT off the ground; however, such discussions terminated by January 1988 without a resolution.{{cite web\\|title\\=NBC\\-Turner talks progressing\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/87\\-OCR/BC\\-1987\\-12\\-07\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0042\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=42\\|date\\=November 23, 1987\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite web\\|title\\=In Brief\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/88\\-OCR/BC\\-1988\\-01\\-18\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0110\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=120\\|date\\=January 18, 1988\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}",
"[thumb\\|left\\|175px\\|Former logo, used from October 3, 1988, until 1995\\. A yellow oval background was added in 1992\\.](/wiki/File:TNT_logo_1988.png \"TNT logo 1988.png\")\nBy February 1988, Turner had disclosed that TNT's programming would focus around movies from the [Metro\\-Goldwyn\\-Mayer](/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer \"Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer\") (MGM) film library – which Turner acquired as a result of his 1986 sale of the MGM film studio to Kirk Kerkorian – and major television events, including made\\-for\\-cable movies, high\\-profile specials, sports events, documentaries and miniseries. Cable systems were given the option of substituting a [superstation](/wiki/Superstation \"Superstation\") (other than SuperStation TBS) or other out\\-of\\-market television station for TNT upon launch without incurring any copyright liabilities for carriage of the distant signal for the second half of 1988\\. However, the proposed launch date, originally slated for July 1 of that year, was delayed because it would have presented several issues, including obtaining channel clearances and assembling a programming schedule in such a contracted timespan, and the unfavorability of promoting a service during the summer (when television networks typically programmed reruns).{{cite web\\|title\\=Turner talking TNT\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/88\\-OCR/BC\\-1988\\-02\\-29\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0034\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=37\\|date\\=February 29, 1988\\|access\\-date\\=September 29, 2018}} \n{{cite web\\|title\\=Turner talking TNT\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/88\\-OCR/BC\\-1988\\-02\\-29\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0035\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=38\\|date\\=February 29, 1988\\|access\\-date\\=September 29, 2018}} \n{{cite web\\|title\\=Turner talking TNT\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/88\\-OCR/BC\\-1988\\-02\\-29\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0090\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=90\\|date\\=February 29, 1988\\|access\\-date\\=September 29, 2018}}{{cite web\\|title\\=Turner network gets MSO boost\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/88\\-OCR/BC\\-1988\\-03\\-07\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0031\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=31\\|date\\=March 7, 1988\\|access\\-date\\=September 29, 2018}} On March 7, Turner Broadcasting System's board of directors unanimously approved Ted Turner's plan for Turner Network Television, with October 3 as the channel's proposed launch date. Plans called for TNT to offer 250 nights of original and live sports programming per year within five years of its debut.{{cite web\\|title\\=Turner hoping to jolt cable world with TNT\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/88\\-OCR/BC\\-1988\\-03\\-14\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0030\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=30\\|date\\=March 14, 1988\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}} \n{{cite web\\|title\\=Turner hoping to jolt cable world with TNT\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/88\\-OCR/BC\\-1988\\-03\\-14\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0031\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=31\\|date\\=March 14, 1988\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}",
"The channel launched at 7:55 p.m. [Eastern Time](/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone \"Eastern Time Zone\") on October 3, 1988, with TNT founder Ted Turner delivering a message about the channel's launch and programming, followed by a pre\\-recorded performance of \"[The Star\\-Spangled Banner](/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner \"The Star-Spangled Banner\"),\" which traditionally played during the launch of a new Turner\\-owned network.{{cite web\\|title\\=TNT takes its first step\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/88\\-OCR/BC\\-1988\\-10\\-03\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0044\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=48\\|date\\=October 3, 1988\\|access\\-date\\=September 29, 2018}} \n{{cite web\\|title\\=TNT takes its first step\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/88\\-OCR/BC\\-1988\\-10\\-03\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0045\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=49\\|date\\=October 3, 1988\\|access\\-date\\=September 29, 2018}} Its inaugural telecast (which followed at 8:00 p.m. Eastern) was the first half of the 1939 classic film *[Gone with the Wind](/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_%28film%29 \"Gone with the Wind (film)\")*, a film to which Ted Turner had acquired the rights; the second half aired the following night at the same time (both halves were repeated at 11:00 p.m. Eastern on their respective nights), with the film then being shown in its entirety that Sunday. It was said that *Gone with the Wind* was chosen as the channel's inaugural program because it was Turner's favorite movie. (*Gone with the Wind* would also serve as the first program aired on sister channel [Turner Classic Movies](/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies \"Turner Classic Movies\"), when it debuted in April 1994\\.) Incidentally, the film was set and had its [premiere](/wiki/Premiere \"Premiere\") held in [Atlanta](/wiki/Atlanta \"Atlanta\"), Turner's hometown and the headquarters of the channel's corporate parent, Turner Broadcasting System.",
"TNT was initially a vehicle for older movies and television shows to which Turner either already held rights or acquired specifically for the channel; these films made up the majority of TNT's programming during its first six years of operation. The initial schedule also consisted of animated and live\\-action children's programs (airing Sunday through Fridays from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time and Monday through Saturdays from 6:00 to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time), with [western series](/wiki/Western_%28genre%29 \"Western (genre)\") on Saturday mornings and a limited schedule of other classic television series in select other time periods. In its early years, TNT caused controversy among film critics and fans for its airings of [colorized](/wiki/Film_colorization \"Film colorization\") versions of many classics that were originally filmed in [black\\-and\\-white](/wiki/Black_and_white \"Black and white\").",
"The channel launched with an estimated 17 million subscribers, its initial coverage totaling 6\\.8 times that of the largest previous cable network launch ([VH1](/wiki/VH1 \"VH1\"), which launched on January 1, 1985, with 2\\.5 million homes estimated to have initially received that channel). The channel's operations were based inside office space at Turner Broadcasting's Techwood Drive complex in midtown Atlanta that formerly served as the facilities for CNN Headline News from its launch as CNN2 in January 1982 until it and parent network [CNN](/wiki/CNN \"CNN\") moved their operations into the [CNN Center](/wiki/CNN_Center \"CNN Center\") downtown in 1987\\. Turner Entertainment Networks president Gerald Hogan stated around the time of its launch that TNT would eventually become \"the first cable network to directly challenge the three broadcast networks,\" through the production of original programming that would be of \"a quality level equal to and \\[..] significantly better\" than programs carried on the major American broadcast television networks; as such, the channel slowly began to add original programming and newer reruns within two years of its launch. The channel debuted its first original made\\-for\\-TV film on March 8, 1989, when TNT premiered *[Nightbreaker](/wiki/Nightbreaker_%28film%29 \"Nightbreaker (film)\")*, an [Arms Race](/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race \"Nuclear arms race\")\\-era drama starring [Martin Sheen](/wiki/Martin_Sheen \"Martin Sheen\") (who also co\\-produced the film) and [Emilio Estevez](/wiki/Emilio_Estevez \"Emilio Estevez\").{{cite web\\|title\\=TNT buys Sheen\\-produced feature\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/89\\-OCR/BC\\-1989\\-03\\-06\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0037\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|publisher\\=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=39\\|date\\=March 6, 1989\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}",
"### Expansion",
"{{see also\\|Monday Night War}}",
"[thumb\\|left\\|175px\\|Former logo, used from 1995, until June 12, 2001\\.](/wiki/File:Tnt_tv_logo_old.svg \"Tnt tv logo old.svg\")\nIn September 1995, TNT debuted *[WCW Monday Nitro](/wiki/WCW_Monday_Nitro \"WCW Monday Nitro\")*, which assumed the distinction as the flagship program of the now\\-defunct [World Championship Wrestling](/wiki/World_Championship_Wrestling \"World Championship Wrestling\") (WCW) from *[WCW Saturday Night](/wiki/WCW_Saturday_Night \"WCW Saturday Night\")*, ran on TBS until 2000\\. At one point, *Monday Nitro* was regularly the highest\\-[rated](/wiki/Nielsen_ratings \"Nielsen ratings\") weekly program on cable television. The program beat *[Monday Night Raw](/wiki/WWE_Raw \"WWE Raw\")*, the flagship show of the World Wrestling Federation (WWF; now the [WWE](/wiki/WWE \"WWE\") or World Wrestling Entertainment), in the ratings for 83 consecutive weeks from 1996 to 1998\\.{{cite news\\|title\\=WWE Vs. WCW Ratings\\|url\\=http://www.prowrestling.com/almanac/wwe\\_vs\\_wcw\\_ratings/\\|newspaper\\=ProWrestling.com\\|language\\=en\\-US\\|access\\-date\\=December 27, 2016\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228221429/http://www.prowrestling.com/almanac/wwe\\_vs\\_wcw\\_ratings/\\|archive\\-date\\=December 28, 2016\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} However, by early 1999, the program began to lose viewers to *Raw*, which became the highest\\-rated wrestling program on television due to its use of [more adult\\-like storylines](/wiki/Attitude_Era \"Attitude Era\"). On March 23, 2001, the WWF acquired most of the assets of WCW, which had been up for sale since late 2000; *Monday Nitro* aired its last episode three days later.",
"On September 22, 1995, [Time Warner Entertainment](/wiki/Time_Warner_Entertainment \"Time Warner Entertainment\")—a [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\")\\-based media company formed in 1989 through the merger of [Time Inc.](/wiki/Time_Inc. \"Time Inc.\") and [Warner Bros.](/wiki/Warner_Bros. \"Warner Bros.\") corporate parent [Warner Communications](/wiki/Warner_Communications \"Warner Communications\")—reached an agreement to acquire the Turner Broadcasting System and its associated properties (including TNT, TBS, CNN, Headline News and Cartoon Network as well as [Turner Entertainment](/wiki/Turner_Entertainment \"Turner Entertainment\")) for $7\\.5 billion; the deal would also expand Time Warner Entertainment's pay television holdings, as it had owned [HBO](/wiki/HBO \"HBO\") and sister premium service [Cinemax](/wiki/Cinemax \"Cinemax\") as well as cable television provider [Time Warner Cable](/wiki/Time_Warner_Cable \"Time Warner Cable\") since the Time\\-Warner Communications merger six years prior. (Time Warner and predecessor Warner Communications had owned an 18% interest in Turner Broadcasting since 1987, as part of a cable television industry\\-backed bailout of the company amid severe financial issues.) Under the terms, Turner would acquire an approximate 10% interest in Time Warner Entertainment as well as oversee its subscription network group—comprising the Turner and [Home Box Office](/wiki/Home_Box_Office%2C_Inc. \"Home Box Office, Inc.\") units and its minority interests in [Comedy Central](/wiki/Comedy_Central \"Comedy Central\") and [E!](/wiki/E%21 \"E!\")—and hold a position on the company's [board of directors](/wiki/Board_of_directors \"Board of directors\") (which he retained until he stepped down from the company in February 2006\\) upon the merger's closure.{{cite web\\|title\\=It's TBS Time\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/95\\-OCR/BC\\-1995\\-09\\-25\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0008\\.pdf\\|author\\=Steve McClellan\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting \\& Cable\\|publisher\\=Cahners Business Information\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=8\\|date\\=September 25, 1995\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}} \n{{cite web\\|title\\=It's TBS Time\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/95\\-OCR/BC\\-1995\\-09\\-25\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0010\\.pdf\\|author\\=Steve McClellan\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting \\& Cable\\|publisher\\=Cahners Business Information\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=10\\|date\\=September 25, 1995\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\\|title\\=Turner to Merge Into Time Warner; a $7\\.5 Billion Deal\\|url\\=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/23/us/turner\\-to\\-merge\\-into\\-time\\-warner\\-a\\-7\\.5\\-billion\\-deal.html\\|author\\=Mark Landler\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The New York Times]]\\|date\\=September 23, 1995\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\\|title\\=Time Warner, TBS Agree on $7\\.5 Billion Merger\\|url\\=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1995/09/23/time\\-warner\\-tbs\\-agree\\-on\\-75\\-billion\\-merger/1453ea45\\-2e9d\\-4c75\\-962a\\-823ddadb4891/\\|author\\=Paul Farhi\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Washington Post]]\\|date\\=September 23, 1995\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\\|title\\=Time Warner, Turner agree to merge\\|url\\=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/09/22/Time\\-Warner\\-Turner\\-agree\\-to\\-merge/9796811742400/\\|work\\=\\[\\[United Press International]]\\|date\\=September 22, 1995\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\\|title\\=Time Warner\\-TBS deal widens entertainment vistas\\|url\\=http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Movies/9509/Time\\_Turner\\_Movies/\\|author\\=Paul Vercammen\\|website\\=CNN\\|publisher\\=Turner Broadcasting System\\|date\\=September 23, 1995\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\\|title\\=Turner\\-Time Warner Merger Approved by Shareholders\\|url\\=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la\\-xpm\\-1996\\-10\\-11\\-fi\\-52676\\-story.html\\|author\\=Thomas S. Mulligan\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Los Angeles Times]]\\|date\\=October 11, 1996\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite web\\|title\\=Turner to head TW cable interests\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/96\\-OCR/BC\\-1996\\-09\\-23\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0012\\.pdf\\|author\\=Steve McClellan\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting \\& Cable\\|publisher\\=Cahners Business Information\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=12\\|date\\=September 23, 1996\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\\|title\\=Time Warner Says Goodbye to Ted Turner\\|url\\=https://adage.com/article/media/time\\-warner\\-goodbye\\-ted\\-turner/48652/\\|author\\=Abbey Klaassen\\|periodical\\=\\[\\[Advertising Age]]\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Crain Communications]]\\|date\\=February 24, 2006\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\\|title\\=Time\\-Warner, Turner Approve Merger\\|url\\=https://www.cnet.com/news/time\\-warner\\-turner\\-approve\\-merger/\\|website\\=\\[\\[CNET]]\\|date\\=November 16, 1995\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}} The merger received regulatory approval on September 12, 1996; the Turner–Time Warner deal was finalized one month later on October 10, forming what at the time was the largest media company in the world.{{cite news\\|title\\=Time\\-Turner deal OK'd\\|url\\=https://money.cnn.com/1996/09/12/deals/timeturner/\\|website\\=CNN\\|publisher\\=Turner Broadcasting System\\|date\\=September 12, 1996\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\\|title\\=Merger of Time Warner, Turner OKd\\|url\\=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la\\-xpm\\-1996\\-10\\-11\\-fi\\-52676\\-story.html\\|author\\=Sallie Hofmeister\\|newspaper\\=Los Angeles Times\\|date\\=October 11, 1996\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite news\\|title\\=Time\\-TBS merger closed\\|url\\=https://money.cnn.com/1996/10/10/deals/time\\_warner\\_a/\\|website\\=CNN\\|publisher\\=Turner Broadcasting System\\|date\\=October 10, 1996\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}",
"The channel was also known for its late night programming. One such program was *[MonsterVision](/wiki/MonsterVision \"MonsterVision\")*, a Saturday night [B movie](/wiki/B_movie \"B movie\") showcase that aired from 1991 to 2000\\. Often the series had special themes, such as \"Godzilla Bash '94,\" an all\\-day marathon of movies from the *[Godzilla](/wiki/Godzilla_%28franchise%29 \"Godzilla (franchise)\")* franchise. [Penn \\& Teller](/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller \"Penn & Teller\") served as occasional guest hosts during its early years; and in 1996, *MonsterVision* found a permanent host in cult personality and [drive\\-in movie](/wiki/Drive-in_movie \"Drive-in movie\") aficionado [Joe Bob Briggs](/wiki/Joe_Bob_Briggs \"Joe Bob Briggs\"), who hosted a pair of more contemporary horror films each week, such as *[Friday the 13th Part 2](/wiki/Friday_the_13th_Part_2 \"Friday the 13th Part 2\")* and *[Wes Craven's New Nightmare](/wiki/Wes_Craven%27s_New_Nightmare \"Wes Craven's New Nightmare\")*. During the wraparound segments within each film, Briggs provided a running commentary, trivia, off\\-color jokes, and a drive\\-in total, as well as jokes at the expense of TNT's [Standards \\& Practices](/wiki/Standards_%26_Practices \"Standards & Practices\") department regarding the heavy censorship of the featured movies. This running joke culminated in a *[Friday the 13th](/wiki/Friday_the_13th_%28franchise%29 \"Friday the 13th (franchise)\")* all\\-night [Halloween](/wiki/Halloween \"Halloween\") marathon in 1998, where it was implied that Ted Turner was out to kill him.",
"Into the 1990s, TNT continued to air cartoons from the Turner library, such as *[The Flintstones](/wiki/The_Flintstones \"The Flintstones\")*, *[Scooby\\-Doo](/wiki/Scooby-Doo \"Scooby-Doo\")*, *[Dexter's Laboratory](/wiki/Dexter%27s_Laboratory \"Dexter's Laboratory\")*, and *[The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest](/wiki/The_Real_Adventures_of_Jonny_Quest \"The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest\")* as part of a daily block called *TNT Toons*; the [DePatie\\-Freleng](/wiki/DePatie-Freleng_Enterprises \"DePatie-Freleng Enterprises\") *[Pink Panther](/wiki/The_Pink_Panther_Show \"The Pink Panther Show\")* cartoons were also featured. *[The Rudy and Gogo World Famous Cartoon Show](/wiki/The_Rudy_and_Gogo_World_Famous_Cartoon_Show \"The Rudy and Gogo World Famous Cartoon Show\")*, which ran from 1995 to 1997, was an original children's program on the channel featuring [Warner Bros.](/wiki/Warner_Bros. \"Warner Bros.\"), [MGM](/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer_cartoon_studio \"Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio\"), and *[Popeye](/wiki/Popeye_the_Sailor_%28film_series%29 \"Popeye the Sailor (film series)\")* shorts, hosted by a titular pair of a [marionette](/wiki/Marionette \"Marionette\") and a nanny goat. In January 1996, the channel began scaling back its children's programming amid competition in that market from [Nickelodeon](/wiki/Nickelodeon \"Nickelodeon\") and Turner\\-owned sister channel [Cartoon Network](/wiki/Cartoon_Network \"Cartoon Network\"); at that time, TNT discontinued its late\\-afternoon block of animated series in favor of airing acquired drama series such as *[Starsky \\& Hutch](/wiki/Starsky_%26_Hutch \"Starsky & Hutch\")* and *[In the Heat of the Night](/wiki/In_the_Heat_of_the_Night_%28TV_series%29 \"In the Heat of the Night (TV series)\")*.{{cite web\\|title\\=Cutting out the kid stuff\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/96\\-OCR/BC\\-1996\\-01\\-08\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0057\\.pdf\\|author\\=Jim McConville\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting \\& Cable\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=27\\|date\\=January 8, 2001\\|access\\-date\\=October 5, 2018}} \n{{cite web\\|title\\=Cutting out the kid stuff\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/96\\-OCR/BC\\-1996\\-01\\-08\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0058\\.pdf\\|author\\=Jim McConville\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting \\& Cable\\|publisher\\=Cahners Business Information\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=60\\|date\\=January 8, 2001\\|access\\-date\\=October 5, 2018}} In 1998, TNT dropped all of its remaining cartoons, relegating those shows to Cartoon Network. Most of the animated series and shorts that were dropped would also serve as the core of [Boomerang](/wiki/Boomerang_%28TV_network%29 \"Boomerang (TV network)\"), a subscription channel devoted to classic cartoons that launched on April 1, 2000\\.",
"During the 1990s, TNT scheduled a weekday afternoon block that included *[Due South](/wiki/Due_South \"Due South\")*, *[Kung Fu: The Legend Continues](/wiki/Kung_Fu:The_Legend_Continues \"The Legend Continues\")*, *[Lois \\& Clark: The New Adventures of Superman](/wiki/Lois_%26_Clark:The_New_Adventures_of_Superman \"The New Adventures of Superman\")* and *[Babylon 5](/wiki/Babylon_5 \"Babylon 5\")*. In 1998, TNT made efforts to increase its original programming, bumping its production budget by 146%, with programming production costs running in the range of $175 million to $200 million by 2000\\.{{cite web\\|title\\=TNT revamping its image\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/98\\-OCR/BC\\-1998\\-04\\-13\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0043\\.pdf\\|author\\=Donna Petrozzello\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting \\& Cable\\|publisher\\=Cahners Business Information\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=27\\|date\\=June 11, 2001\\|access\\-date\\=October 5, 2018}} That year, TNT took over production of the fifth and final season of *Babylon 5* from the [Prime Time Entertainment Network](/wiki/Prime_Time_Entertainment_Network \"Prime Time Entertainment Network\") after the ad hoc syndication block ceased operations. The following year, TNT produced the *Babylon 5* spinoff series *[Crusade](/wiki/Crusade_%28TV_series%29 \"Crusade (TV series)\")*, which was canceled after 13 episodes, as TNT management decided that science fiction did not fit the channel's brand identity. In 2001, TNT debuted what became its most successful original series at the time, *[Witchblade](/wiki/Witchblade_%282001_TV_series%29 \"Witchblade (2001 TV series)\")*, which ran for two seasons, ending in 2002\\.",
"### Shift towards drama",
"[thumb\\|155px\\|Former TNT logo, used from June 12, 2001, to January 29, 2016, the current logo is loosely based on this design.](/wiki/File:TNT_TV_logo.svg \"TNT TV logo.svg\")\nOn June 12, 2001, TNT underwent an extensive [rebrand](/wiki/Rebrand \"Rebrand\"), with the introduction of a new logo designed by Trollbäck \\+ Company as well as a new slogan, \"We Know Drama,\" a repositioning of the network that Bradley Siegel, then\\-president of Turner Entertainment Networks, explained had emerged through extensive focus group research with frequent TNT viewers. The slogan emphasized the channel's new focus on dramatic programming, including sports and off\\-network [syndicated](/wiki/Broadcast_syndication \"Broadcast syndication\") dramas such as *[Law \\& Order](/wiki/Law_%26_Order \"Law & Order\")*, *[NYPD Blue](/wiki/NYPD_Blue \"NYPD Blue\")*, *[ER](/wiki/ER_%28TV_series%29 \"ER (TV series)\")* and *[Judging Amy](/wiki/Judging_Amy \"Judging Amy\")*.{{cite web\\|title\\=Five Blind Mice: How the Big Cable Nets Lost Their Way\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/01\\-OCR/BC\\-2001\\-06\\-11\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0033\\.pdf\\|author\\=John M. Higgins\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting \\& Cable\\|publisher\\=Cahners Business Information\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=27\\|date\\=June 11, 2001\\|access\\-date\\=October 5, 2018}}",
"On January 1, 2003, TNT launched a substitute feed called *TNT Plus*, although it does not appear this was ever reflected in the channel's on\\-air identity. The apparent sole purpose of its establishment was to force renegotiations with subscription providers to increase carriage fees—with some [multiple system operators](/wiki/Multichannel_television_in_the_United_States \"Multichannel television in the United States\") suggesting that Turner was seeking a 10% increase in subscriber fees for the channel—to help pay for TNT's new [NBA](/wiki/National_Basketball_Association \"National Basketball Association\") and [NASCAR](/wiki/NASCAR \"NASCAR\") contracts well before the channel's distribution agreements with providers were scheduled to come up for renewal. In theory, TNT Plus was to have been the sole carrier of Turner's NBA and NASCAR coverage from that point forward, while any providers still carrying the original TNT would have seen replacement programming instead.{{cite web\\|title\\=Cameras on the court\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/02\\-OCR/BC\\-2002\\-10\\-28\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0062\\.pdf\\|author\\=Allison Romano\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting \\& Cable\\|publisher\\=Cahners Business Information\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=44\\|date\\=October 28, 2002\\|access\\-date\\=October 5, 2018}}{{cite web\\|title\\=TNT to ops: pay up for 'Plus'\\|url\\=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article\\-1G1\\-93460284/tnt\\-ops\\-pay\\-up.html\\|author\\=Thomas R. Umstead\\|periodical\\=\\[\\[Multichannel News]]\\|publisher\\=Cahners Business Information\\|via\\=Access My Library\\|date\\=October 21, 2002}} Although it appears that [Comcast](/wiki/Comcast \"Comcast\") did not immediately sign on to carry TNT Plus, there is no evidence that Turner had actually pulled its sports programming from the \"original\" TNT.{{cite web\\|title\\=TNT gets in HD game – TCM next?\\|url\\=https://www.multichannel.com/news/tnt\\-gets\\-hd\\-game\\-tcm\\-next\\-161462\\|author\\=Linda Moss\\|author2\\=R. Thomas Umstead\\|periodical\\=Multichannel News\\|publisher\\=Cahners Business Information\\|date\\=January 12, 2004}}",
"On December 7, 2008, TNT unveiled an update to its logo, displaying it mainly in a silver or sometimes gold [beveling](/wiki/Bevel \"Bevel\"). The \"We know drama\" tagline remained, but the channel added more of a focus on its original series and announced plans to carry three nights of original programming a week during primetime, starting in 2009\\.{{cite web \\|last\\=Lafayette \\|first\\=Jon \\|url\\=http://www.tvweek.com/news/2008/12/new\\_promo\\_campaign\\_touts\\_tnts.php \\|title\\=New Promo Campaign Touts TNT's Dramatic Credentials \\|publisher\\=TVWeek \\|access\\-date\\=September 5, 2009 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223222429/http://www.tvweek.com/news/2008/12/new\\_promo\\_campaign\\_touts\\_tnts.php \\|archive\\-date\\=February 23, 2014 \\|url\\-status\\=dead }} In 2012, TNT rebranded itself with a new slogan: \"Drama, Period.\" (visually displayed as \"Drama.,\" with the TNT logo serving as the [period symbol](/wiki/Full_stop \"Full stop\")), with the logo being recolored to match the themes of its shows.",
"On May 14, 2014, TNT altered its on\\-air branding to \"TNT Drama\" and introduced a new slogan, \"Boom.\" The branding campaign reflects the channel's refocusing towards action\\-adventure, sci\\-fi, fantasy, mystery, suspense series alongside its slate of crime dramas.{{cite news\\|title\\=TNT Introduces New 'Boom' Tagline; TNT \\& TBS Unveil 2014\\-2015 Development Slates\\|url\\=https://www.deadline.com/2014/05/tnt\\-tbs\\-upfront\\-development\\-projects\\-2014\\-2015\\-vince\\-vaughan\\-donnie\\-wahlberg/\\|work\\=\\[\\[Deadline Hollywood]]\\|date\\=May 14, 2014}} The channel purchased subscription\\-television rights in September for the next five [Marvel Studios](/wiki/Marvel_Studios \"Marvel Studios\") movies starting with *[Avengers: Age of Ultron](/wiki/Avengers:Age_of_Ultron \"Age of Ultron\")*.{{cite news\\|last1\\=Graser\\|first1\\=Marc\\|title\\=TNT Locks Down Next Five Marvel Movies Starting With 'The Avengers: Age of Ultron'\\|url\\=https://variety.com/2014/tv/news/tnt\\-marvel\\-studios\\-movies\\-the\\-avengers\\-age\\-of\\-ultron\\-1201307635/\\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2014\\|work\\=Variety\\|date\\=September 17, 2014}} In 2016, TNT changed its logo after 15 years.",
"### AT\\&T ownership",
"On October 22, 2016, [AT\\&T](/wiki/AT%26T \"AT&T\") announced an offer to acquire Time Warner for $108\\.7 billion, including debt it would assume from the latter; the merger would bring Time Warner's various media properties, including TBS, under the same corporate umbrella as AT\\&T's telecommunications holdings, including satellite provider [DirecTV](/wiki/DirecTV \"DirecTV\").{{cite news\\|title\\=AT\\&T Reaches Deal to Buy Time Warner for $86 Billion\\|url\\=https://www.wsj.com/articles/at\\-t\\-reaches\\-deal\\-to\\-buy\\-time\\-warner\\-for\\-more\\-than\\-80\\-billion\\-1477157084\\|author\\=Thomas Gryta\\|author2\\=Keach Hagey\\|author3\\=Dana Cimmiluca\\|newspaper\\=The Wall Street Journal\\|date\\=October 22, 2016\\|access\\-date\\=July 14, 2018\\|archive\\-date\\=October 23, 2016\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023013659/http://www.wsj.com/articles/at\\-t\\-reaches\\-deal\\-to\\-buy\\-time\\-warner\\-for\\-more\\-than\\-80\\-billion\\-1477157084\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{cite web\\|title\\=AT\\&T Sets $85\\.4 Billion Time Warner Deal, CEOs Talks 'Unique' Potential of Combination\\|url\\=https://variety.com/2016/biz/news/att\\-time\\-warner\\-deal\\-1201897938/\\|author\\=Cynthia Littleton\\|periodical\\=Variety\\|date\\=October 22, 2016\\|access\\-date\\=July 14, 2018\\|archive\\-date\\=October 23, 2016\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023204133/http://variety.com/2016/biz/news/att\\-time\\-warner\\-deal\\-1201897938/\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{cite news\\|title\\=AT\\&T agrees to buy Time Warner for more than $80B\\|url\\=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2016/10/22/reports\\-t\\-agrees\\-buy\\-time\\-warner\\-more\\-than\\-80b/92589816/\\|author\\=Roger Yu\\|newspaper\\=USA Today \\|date\\=October 22, 2016\\|access\\-date\\=July 14, 2018\\|archive\\-date\\=October 23, 2016\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023013659/http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2016/10/22/reports\\-t\\-agrees\\-buy\\-time\\-warner\\-more\\-than\\-80b/92589816/\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{cite web\\|title\\=AT\\&T Reaches Deal to Buy Time Warner for $86 Billion\\|url\\=https://www.wsj.com/articles/at\\-t\\-reaches\\-deal\\-to\\-buy\\-time\\-warner\\-for\\-more\\-than\\-80\\-billion\\-1477157084\\|author\\=Thomas Gryta\\|author2\\=Keach Hagey\\|author3\\=Dana Cimmiluca\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Wall Street Journal]]\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[News Corp (2013–present)\\|News Corp.]]\\|date\\=October 22, 2016\\|access\\-date\\=October 22, 2016\\|archive\\-date\\=October 23, 2016\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023013659/http://www.wsj.com/articles/at\\-t\\-reaches\\-deal\\-to\\-buy\\-time\\-warner\\-for\\-more\\-than\\-80\\-billion\\-1477157084\\|url\\-status\\=live}} Time Warner shareholders approved the merger on February 15, 2017; however, on February 28, FCC Chairman [Ajit Pai](/wiki/Ajit_Pai \"Ajit Pai\") announced that his agency will not review the deal, leaving the review to the [U.S. Department of Justice](/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice \"United States Department of Justice\").{{cite news\\|title\\=Time Warner shareholders vote to approve AT\\&T merger\\|url\\=https://money.cnn.com/2017/02/15/media/time\\-warner\\-shareholders\\-att\\-merger/\\|author\\=Tom Kludt\\|website\\=CNNMoney\\|publisher\\=Turner Broadcasting System/Time Warner\\|date\\=February 15, 2017\\|access\\-date\\=August 3, 2020\\|archive\\-date\\=April 1, 2019\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401233504/https://money.cnn.com/2017/02/15/media/time\\-warner\\-shareholders\\-att\\-merger/\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{cite news\\|title\\=FCC chief: AT\\&T\\-Time Warner deal won't face agency's scrutiny\\|url\\=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/02/27/fcc\\-chief\\-t\\-time\\-warner\\-deal\\-wont\\-face\\-agencys\\-scrutiny/98491670/\\|newspaper\\=USA Today \\|date\\=February 27, 2017\\|access\\-date\\=September 15, 2017\\|archive\\-date\\=October 11, 2017\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011232315/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/02/27/fcc\\-chief\\-t\\-time\\-warner\\-deal\\-wont\\-face\\-agencys\\-scrutiny/98491670/\\|url\\-status\\=live}} On November 20, 2017, the Justice Department filed a lawsuit against AT\\&T and Time Warner in an attempt to block the merger, citing [antitrust](/wiki/Antitrust \"Antitrust\") concerns surrounding the transaction.{{cite news\\|title\\=AT\\&T Sued by U.S. Seeking to Block Merger With Time Warner\\|url\\=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017\\-11\\-20/at\\-t\\-is\\-said\\-to\\-face\\-u\\-s\\-antitrust\\-lawsuit\\-over\\-time\\-warner\\|author\\=Sara Foden\\|author2\\=David McLaughlin\\|author3\\=Scott Moritz\\|website\\=Bloomberg News\\|publisher\\=Bloomberg L.P.\\|date\\=November 20, 2017\\|access\\-date\\=September 22, 2018\\|archive\\-date\\=November 20, 2017\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120214748/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017\\-11\\-20/at\\-t\\-is\\-said\\-to\\-face\\-u\\-s\\-antitrust\\-lawsuit\\-over\\-time\\-warner\\|url\\-status\\=live}} The proposed merger—which had already been approved by the [European Commission](/wiki/European_Commission \"European Commission\") and Mexican, Chilean and Brazilian regulatory authorities—was affirmed by court ruling on June 12, 2018, after [District of Columbia U.S. District Court](/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia \"United States District Court for the District of Columbia\") Judge [Richard J. Leon](/wiki/Richard_J._Leon \"Richard J. Leon\") ruled in favor of AT\\&T, dismissing the DOJ's antitrust claims in the lawsuit. The merger closed two days later on June 14, with the company becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of AT\\&T under the renamed parent company [WarnerMedia](/wiki/WarnerMedia \"WarnerMedia\"). The U.S. Court of Appeals in Washington unanimously upheld the lower court's ruling in favor of AT\\&T on February 26, 2019\\.{{cite news\\|title\\=Judge approves $85 billion AT\\&T\\-Time Warner deal\\|url\\=https://money.cnn.com/2018/06/12/media/att\\-time\\-warner\\-ruling/index.html\\|author\\=Hadas Gold\\|website\\=CNNMoney\\|publisher\\=Time Warner\\|date\\=June 12, 2018\\|access\\-date\\=July 14, 2018\\|archive\\-date\\=July 11, 2018\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711204644/https://money.cnn.com/2018/06/12/media/att\\-time\\-warner\\-ruling/index.html\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{cite news\\|title\\=Justice Department Sues to Block AT\\&T\\-Time WarnerMerger\\|url\\=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/business/dealbook/att\\-time\\-warner\\-merger.html\\|author\\=Cecilia Kang\\|author2\\=Michael J. de la Merced\\|newspaper\\=The New York Times\\|date\\=November 20, 2017\\|access\\-date\\=July 14, 2018\\|archive\\-date\\=December 11, 2017\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211123601/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/business/dealbook/att\\-time\\-warner\\-merger.html\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{cite press release\\|title\\=AT\\&T Completes Acquisition of Time Warner Inc.\\|url\\=http://about.att.com/story/att\\_completes\\_acquisition\\_of\\_time\\_warner\\_inc.html\\|website\\=AT\\&T\\|date\\=June 15, 2018\\|access\\-date\\=June 15, 2018\\|archive\\-date\\=June 15, 2018\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615011751/http://about.att.com/story/att\\_completes\\_acquisition\\_of\\_time\\_warner\\_inc.html\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{cite news\\|title\\=European Commission Approves AT\\&T Acquisition of Time Warner\\|url\\=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/european\\-commission\\-approves\\-at\\-t\\-acquisition\\-time\\-warner\\-986380\\|author\\=Georg Szalai\\|periodical\\=The Hollywood Reporter\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Eldridge Industries\\|Billboard\\-Hollywood Reporter Media Group]]\\|date\\=March 15, 2017\\|access\\-date\\=April 17, 2020\\|archive\\-date\\=July 31, 2020\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731041841/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/european\\-commission\\-approves\\-at\\-t\\-acquisition\\-time\\-warner\\-986380\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{cite web\\|title\\=AT\\&T's $85B Time Warner deal gets Mexico's approval\\|url\\=https://seekingalpha.com/news/3291126\\-ts\\-85b\\-time\\-warner\\-deal\\-gets\\-mexicos\\-approval\\|author\\=Jason Aycock\\|website\\=\\[\\[Seeking Alpha]]\\|date\\=August 22, 2017\\|access\\-date\\=September 28, 2017\\|archive\\-date\\=June 17, 2018\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617093602/https://seekingalpha.com/news/3291126\\-ts\\-85b\\-time\\-warner\\-deal\\-gets\\-mexicos\\-approval\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{cite web\\|title\\=AT\\&T\\-Time Warner merger approved with conditions by Chilean regulators\\|url\\=http://www.fiercecable.com/broadcasting/at\\-t\\-time\\-warner\\-merger\\-approved\\-conditions\\-by\\-chilean\\-regulators\\|author\\=Ben Munson\\|website\\=FierceCable\\|publisher\\=Questex LLC\\|date\\=September 5, 2017}}{{cite news\\|title\\=With consent from Brazil, AT\\&T has only one regulatory hurdle left before it can gobble Time Warner\\|url\\=https://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la\\-fi\\-ct\\-att\\-time\\-warner\\-approval\\-20171018\\-story.html\\|author\\=Meg James\\|newspaper\\=Los Angeles Times\\|date\\=October 18, 2017\\|access\\-date\\=October 18, 2017\\|archive\\-date\\=April 23, 2020\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423163909/http://beta.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la\\-fi\\-ct\\-att\\-time\\-warner\\-approval\\-20171018\\-story.html\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{cite web\\|title\\=U.S. appeals court OKs $81 billion merger of AT\\&T and Time Warner\\|url\\=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/at\\-t\\-time\\-warner\\-merger\\-approved\\-by\\-u\\-s\\-appeals\\-court\\-81\\-billion\\-takeover\\-wont\\-harm\\-competition/\\|website\\=\\[\\[CBS News]]\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[CBS Corporation]]\\|date\\=February 27, 2019\\|access\\-date\\=March 31, 2019\\|archive\\-date\\=March 31, 2019\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331013453/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/at\\-t\\-time\\-warner\\-merger\\-approved\\-by\\-u\\-s\\-appeals\\-court\\-81\\-billion\\-takeover\\-wont\\-harm\\-competition/\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"On March 4, 2019, WarnerMedia underwent a major reorganization of its broadcasting assets, in which Turner Broadcasting would effectively be dissolved, and WarnerMedia's television properties would be divided among three divisions within the WarnerMedia umbrella, with TNT, along with TBS, truTV and HBO being reassigned to WarnerMedia Entertainment, chaired by [Bob Greenblatt](/wiki/Bob_Greenblatt \"Bob Greenblatt\"). AT\\&T did not specify any timetable for the changes to take effect, although WarnerMedia had begun to remove all Turner references in corporate communications and press releases, referring to that unit's networks as \"divisions of WarnerMedia.\"{{cite news\\|title\\=WarnerMedia reorganizes its leadership team after AT\\&T acquisition\\|url\\=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/04/warnermedia\\-reorganizes\\-its\\-leadership\\-team\\-after\\-att\\-acquisition.html\\|author\\=Lauren Feiner\\|website\\=\\[\\[CNBC]]\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[NBCUniversal\\|NBCUniversal News Group]]\\|date\\=March 4, 2019\\|access\\-date\\=March 4, 2019}}{{cite news\\|title\\=AT\\&T to HBO, Turner: No More Fiefdoms\\|url\\=https://www.wsj.com/articles/at\\-t\\-readying\\-overhaul\\-of\\-warnermedia\\-11551483138?mod\\=article\\_inline\\|newspaper\\=The Wall Street Journal\\|date\\=March 1, 2019\\|access\\-date\\=April 10, 2019}}{{cite web\\|title\\=What the End of the Turner Brand Could Mean for Its Channels\\|url\\=https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/turner\\-brand\\-time\\-warner\\-tnt\\-tbs\\-trutv\\-1203160652/\\|author\\=Michael Schneider\\|website\\=Variety\\|date\\=March 12, 2019\\|access\\-date\\=April 10, 2019}}",
"{{see also\\|Wednesday Night Wars}}\nOn May 15, 2019, upstart promotion [All Elite Wrestling](/wiki/All_Elite_Wrestling \"All Elite Wrestling\") (AEW) and WarnerMedia announced a broadcasting agreement to offer a weekly prime\\-time wrestling program on TNT—later named *[AEW Dynamite](/wiki/AEW_Dynamite \"AEW Dynamite\")*, which premiered on October 2, 2019, as AEW's flagship program—marking the network's re\\-entry into the professional wrestling scene following the aforementioned closure of World Championship Wrestling eighteen years prior.{{cite web\\|title\\=AEW TV deal: Weekly show to air live on TNT with Turner also streaming pay\\-per\\-views \\|url\\=https://www.cbssports.com/wwe/news/aew\\-tv\\-deal\\-weekly\\-show\\-to\\-air\\-live\\-on\\-tnt\\-with\\-turner\\-also\\-streaming\\-pay\\-per\\-views/\\| last1\\=Adam Silverstein\\|website\\=\\[\\[CBS Sports]]\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[CBS Corporation]]\\|date\\=May 15, 2019\\|access\\-date\\=September 7, 2020}} On August 13, 2021, AEW premiered a second weekly program on TNT—*[Rampage](/wiki/AEW_Rampage \"AEW Rampage\")*—which airs on Friday nights. In January 2022, *Dynamite* moved to TBS, with *Rampage* remaining on TNT.{{cite web \\|author\\=Joe Otterson \\|date\\=September 23, 2021 \\|title\\='AEW: Dynamite' Sets January Date for TBS Move, 'Rampage' to Remain on TNT \\|url\\=https://www.variety.com/2021/tv/news/aew\\-dynamite\\-tbs\\-premiere\\-date\\-rampage\\-tnt\\-1235072280/ \\|work\\=Variety \\|accessdate\\=September 23, 2021}} AEW would add a third weekly program, that being *[Collision](/wiki/AEW_Collision \"AEW Collision\")*, on June 17, 2023; *Collision* airs mostly on Saturday nights on TNT.",
"### Warner Bros. Discovery era",
"On April 8, 2022, WarnerMedia was divested by AT\\&T and merged with [Discovery Inc.](/wiki/Discovery_Inc. \"Discovery Inc.\") to form [Warner Bros. Discovery](/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery \"Warner Bros. Discovery\") (WBD).{{cite web \\|last\\=Maas \\|first\\=Jennifer \\|date\\=April 8, 2022 \\|title\\=Discovery Closes Acquisition of AT\\&T's WarnerMedia \\|url\\=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/discovery\\-warnermedia\\-merger\\-close\\-warner\\-bros\\-discovery\\-1235200983/ \\|access\\-date\\=May 21, 2022 \\|website\\=\\[\\[Variety (magazine)\\|Variety]] \\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Penske Media Corporation]]}} On April 26, it was reported that WBD had suspended original scripted series development at TBS and TNT in order to evaluate the channels' strategies moving forward. At this point, TNT only had two original scripted series still airing first\\-run episodes, *[Animal Kingdom](/wiki/Animal_Kingdom_%28TV_series%29 \"Animal Kingdom (TV series)\")* and *[Snowpiercer](/wiki/Snowpiercer_%28TV_series%29 \"Snowpiercer (TV series)\")*, both of which are preparing for their final seasons.{{Cite web \\|last1\\=Maas \\|first1\\=Jennifer \\|last2\\=Otterson \\|first2\\=Joe \\|date\\=April 26, 2022 \\|title\\=Warner Bros. Discovery Cuts Scripted Programming Development at TBS, TNT (EXCLUSIVE) \\|url\\=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/tnt\\-tbs\\-scripted\\-programming\\-development\\-scrapped\\-warner\\-bros\\-discovery\\-1235241348/ \\|access\\-date\\=May 12, 2022 \\|website\\=Variety}} On May 11, [Brett Weitz](/wiki/Brett_Weitz \"Brett Weitz\") was removed as general manager for TBS, TNT, and TruTV; the channels are now overseen by [Kathleen Finch](/wiki/Kathleen_Finch \"Kathleen Finch\") as head of U.S. Networks.{{Cite web \\|last\\=Andreeva \\|first\\=Nellie \\|date\\=May 12, 2022 \\|title\\=Tom Ascheim Exits As President Of Warner Bros. Global Kids, Young Adults and Classic \\|url\\=https://deadline.com/2022/05/tom\\-ascheim\\-exits\\-warner\\-bros\\-president\\-global\\-kids\\-young\\-adults\\-and\\-classics\\-1235021790/ \\|access\\-date\\=May 12, 2022 \\|website\\=Deadline}}{{Cite web \\|last\\=Andreeva \\|first\\=Nellie \\|date\\=May 12, 2022 \\|title\\=Johanna Fuentes Departs As Head of Global Communications Studios \\& Networks Group At Warner Bros. Discovery \\|url\\=https://deadline.com/2022/05/johanna\\-fuentes\\-exit\\-head\\-of\\-global\\-communications\\-warner\\-bros\\-discovery\\-1235021818/ \\|access\\-date\\=May 12, 2022 \\|website\\=Deadline}}{{Cite web \\|last\\=Andreeva \\|first\\=Nellie \\|date\\=May 11, 2022 \\|title\\=Brett Weitz Exits As General Manager Of TNT, TBS \\& truTV \\|url\\=https://deadline.com/2022/05/brett\\-weitz\\-exit\\-general\\-manager\\-tnt\\-tbs\\-trutv\\-1235011472/ \\|access\\-date\\=May 12, 2022 \\|website\\=Deadline}}",
""
] |
Programming
-----------
{{Main\|List of programs broadcast by TNT (American TV network)}}
TNT currently airs a mix of original drama and [reality series](/wiki/Reality_television "Reality television"), and reruns of dramas that originally aired on the major broadcast networks. Original programs currently seen on TNT as of 2022 include *[Animal Kingdom](/wiki/Animal_Kingdom_%28TV_series%29 "Animal Kingdom (TV series)")* and *[Snowpiercer](/wiki/Snowpiercer_%28TV_series%29 "Snowpiercer (TV series)")*. The channel's daytime, overnight and Saturday morning schedule is heavily dominated by reruns of current and former network [police procedural](/wiki/Police_procedural "Police procedural") series such as *[Castle](/wiki/Castle_%28TV_series%29 "Castle (TV series)"),* *[Bones](/wiki/Bones_%28TV_series%29 "Bones (TV series)")* and TNT mainstay *[Law \& Order](/wiki/Law_%26_Order "Law & Order")*, while its weekday morning schedule focuses on sci\-fi, supernatural and fantasy series.
### Movies
Feature films have been a mainstay of TNT since its inception. TNT maintains film licensing agreements with sister company [Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.](/wiki/Warner_Bros. "Warner Bros.") (primarily releases from [Warner Bros. Pictures](/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures "Warner Bros. Pictures") and [New Line Cinema](/wiki/New_Line_Cinema "New Line Cinema")), [Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures](/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_Motion_Pictures "Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures") (primarily releases from [Walt Disney Pictures](/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures "Walt Disney Pictures") (live\-action only), [Touchstone Pictures](/wiki/Touchstone_Pictures "Touchstone Pictures"), [Marvel Studios](/wiki/Marvel_Studios "Marvel Studios"), [Lucasfilm](/wiki/Lucasfilm "Lucasfilm") and [20th Century Studios](/wiki/20th_Century_Studios "20th Century Studios")), [Columbia Pictures](/wiki/Columbia_Pictures "Columbia Pictures"), [Universal Pictures](/wiki/Universal_Pictures "Universal Pictures") and [Paramount Pictures](/wiki/Paramount_Pictures "Paramount Pictures").
Since the launch of Turner Classic Movies, TNT's film lineup has shifted away from classic films outside of special airings of films such as *[The Wizard of Oz](/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_%281939_film%29 "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)")* (which has been aired recently since 2014\) in December many times in a row on certain days every year either before or close to Christmas time. *[The Wizard of Oz](/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_%281939_film%29 "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)")* had also used to be aired on TNT in the past for several years in November close to Thanksgiving time a few times in a row on certain days every year too. Now in favor of more recent films released from the 1980s onward, with an emphasis on films released after 1995\. Presently, most of the films broadcast on TNT are of the drama and action genres, however some [comedy films](/wiki/Comedy_film "Comedy film") continue to air on the channel periodically. Films generally air on the channel during the overnight hours on most nights and for much of the day on weekends.
Beginning in 1997, TNT broadcast a 24\-hour marathon of the 1983 comedy film *[A Christmas Story](/wiki/A_Christmas_Story "A Christmas Story")* from the evening of [Christmas Eve](/wiki/Christmas_Eve "Christmas Eve") to the evening of [Christmas Day](/wiki/Christmas_Day "Christmas Day"). The marathon also runs on its sister channel TBS beginning in 2004, when the annual event became exclusive to that channel and it still does now along with TNT airing it again at the same time starting in 2014 together on both networks. Beginning one hour early on TBS, one hour later on TNT and ending one hour early on TBS and one hour later on TNT. Each weekend, TNT airs a film in [primetime](/wiki/Prime_time "Prime time") with limited commercial interruption, branded in on\-air [promos](/wiki/Promo_%28media%29 "Promo (media)") under the title "More Movies, Less Commercials."
### Sports programming
{{main\|TNT Sports (United States)}}
#### National Basketball Association
{{Main\|NBA on TNT}}
In July 1989, the Turner Broadcasting System announced that TNT would obtain partial pay television rights to the [National Basketball Association](/wiki/National_Basketball_Association "National Basketball Association") (NBA) beginning with the {{nbay\|1989\|app\=season}}, as part of a transference of TBS SuperStation's existing [NBA telecast rights](/wiki/NBA_on_TBS "NBA on TBS").{{cite web\|title\=Turner to move NBA to TNT\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/89\-OCR/BC\-1989\-07\-17\-OCR\-Page\-0030\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=30\|date\=July 17, 1989\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}} As a result, TNT's NBA coverage would consist of games involving other teams within the league, with TBS's rights being scaled back to only encompass game telecasts involving the franchise serving its parent television station WTBS's home market, the [Atlanta Hawks](/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks "Atlanta Hawks") (which Ted Turner had purchased from Atlanta\-based real estate developer [Tom Cousins](/wiki/Tom_Cousins "Tom Cousins") in 1977\). Under the initial agreement and a subsequent five\-year contract signed in December 1989, TNT carried about 50 regular season and 25 playoff games during the inaugural season of its contractual rights. (TBS SuperStation/WTBS, in acquiring exclusivity for the Hawks, expanded its schedule to include 25 away games through the acquisition of Atlanta rival WGNX \[now CBS affiliate [WANF](/wiki/WANF "WANF")]'s partial Hawks telecast rights.){{cite web\|title\=Special Report: Basketball 1989–90\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/89\-OCR/BC\-1989\-10\-16\-OCR\-Page\-0044\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=44\|date\=October 16, 1989\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite web\|title\=TNT keeps NBA for $275 million\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\-Business/Magazines/Archive\-BC\-IDX/89\-OCR/BC\-1989\-12\-04\-OCR\-Page\-0040\.pdf\|periodical\=Broadcasting\|via\=American Radio History\|page\=40\|date\=December 4, 1989\|access\-date\=October 2, 2018}}
In the early 1990s, some Hawks game telecasts shown on TNT and TBS were blacked out within 35 miles of the home team's arena. This restriction was dropped in 2000, allowing TNT the right to be the exclusive broadcaster of any game it chose to carry. TNT had regularly broadcast NBA games on multiple Tuesday nights until the {{nbay\|2002\|app\=season}} and again since 2021\. The weekly telecasts were then moved to Thursday nights in {{nbay\|2003\|app\=season}} until 2021 in which it moved back to Tuesday nights, when TBS was opted out of rights to NBA coverage as a result of the league's contract renewal with [Turner Sports](/wiki/Turner_Sports "Turner Sports"). In addition to carrying NBA regular season games, which typically air as a [doubleheader](/wiki/Doubleheader_%28television%29 "Doubleheader (television)") on most weeks, TNT also airs opening night games, the [NBA All\-Star Game](/wiki/NBA_All-Star_Game "NBA All-Star Game"), and the vast majority of games within the conference playoffs and one of the [Conference finals](/wiki/NBA_Conference_finals "NBA Conference finals") (the Eastern Conference finals in odd\-number years and the Western Conference finals in even\-numbered years). Since 2015, the All\-Star Game has been simulcast on TBS to prevent it from [counterprogramming](/wiki/Counterprogramming_%28television%29 "Counterprogramming (television)") TNT, although in 2022 TBS experimented with an alternate broadcast of the game featuring the panel of TNT's studio show *[Inside the NBA](/wiki/Inside_the_NBA "Inside the NBA")*.{{cite web \|date\=February 15, 2022 \|title\=Turner shuffles NBA All Star plans, will offer Inside The NBA alternate broadcast on TBS \|url\=https://awfulannouncing.com/turner/turner\-shuffles\-nba\-all\-star\-plans\-will\-offer\-inside\-the\-nba\-alternate\-broadcast\-on\-tbs.html \|access\-date\=February 15, 2022 \|work\=Awful Announcing}}
#### National Hockey League
{{Main\|NHL on TNT}}
Beginning in the [2021–22 NHL season](/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_NHL_season "2021–22 NHL season"), Turner Sports holds rights to the [National Hockey League](/wiki/National_Hockey_League "National Hockey League") (NHL); the contract includes rights to up to 72 exclusive regular season games per\-season on TNT,{{cite news \|last\=Lucia \|first\=Joe \|date\=April 27, 2021 \|title\=Turner's NHL deal will include "up to 72" exclusive national games each season, half the Stanley Cup Playoffs, HBO Max streaming \|work\=Awful Announcing \|location\= \|url\=https://awfulannouncing.com/nhl/turners\-nhl\-deal\-will\-include\-up\-to\-72\-exclusive\-national\-games\-each\-season\-half\-the\-stanley\-cup\-playoffs\-hbo\-max\-streaming.html \|access\-date\=}} predominantly consisting of Wednesday night doubleheaders.{{Cite web \|date\=September 16, 2021 \|title\=ESPN, Turner release NHL schedules for 2021\-22 season, featuring 78 regular season games on cable and broadcast \|url\=https://awfulannouncing.com/espn/espn\-turner\-release\-nhl\-schedules\-for\-2021\-22\-season\-featuring\-78\-regular\-season\-games\-on\-cable\-and\-broadcast.html \|access\-date\=September 18, 2021 \|website\=Awful Announcing \|language\=en\-US}} TNT also splits coverage of the [Stanley Cup Playoffs](/wiki/Stanley_Cup_Playoffs "Stanley Cup Playoffs") with fellow rightsholder [ESPN](/wiki/NHL_on_ESPN "NHL on ESPN"), and will hold exclusive rights to the [Stanley Cup Finals](/wiki/Stanley_Cup_Finals "Stanley Cup Finals") in odd\-numbered years.
#### College basketball
{{main\|College Basketball on TNT Sports}}
In 2011, TNT obtained a share in the television rights to the [NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship](/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Championship "NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship") as part of a comprehensive broadcast rights deal known as *[NCAA March Madness](/wiki/NCAA_March_Madness_%28CBS/Turner%29 "NCAA March Madness (CBS/Turner)")*. The deal also involves [CBS](/wiki/CBS "CBS") and fellow Turner properties [TBS](/wiki/TBS_%28American_TV_channel%29 "TBS (American TV channel)") and [TruTV](/wiki/TruTV "TruTV"). During even\-numbered years, Turner holds exclusive rights to the [Final Four](/wiki/Final_Four "Final Four")\-onward; until 2022, TNT and TruTV aired alternate broadcasts of the games tailored towards the participating teams,{{cite magazine\|title\=Media Circus: Breaking down CBS and Turner's March Madness broadcast package\|url\=https://www.si.com/tech\-media/2017/03/12/ncaa\-tournament\-cbs\-turner\-broadcasting\-coverage\-media\-circus\|magazine\=Sports Illustrated\|access\-date\=March 13, 2017}} but this was quietly discontinued in 2022, with all three channels simulcasting the TBS broadcast.{{Cite web \|date\=March 31, 2022 \|title\=Your 2022 NCAA Tournament Final Four and National Championship broadcast primer \|url\=https://awfulannouncing.com/ncaa/your\-2022\-ncaa\-tournament\-final\-four\-and\-national\-championship\-broadcast\-primer.html \|access\-date\=May 28, 2022 \|website\=Awful Announcing \|language\=en\-US}}
#### Golf
{{Main\|Golf on TNT}}
TNT televised the [PGA Championship](/wiki/PGA_Championship "PGA Championship"),{{cite web \|url\=http://www.classictvsports.com/2013/08/history\-of\-pga\-championship\-tv\-coverage.html \|title\=History of PGA Championship TV coverage (1958\-present) \|date\=August 5, 2013 \|website\=Classic TV Sports }} carrying full coverage of the first two rounds and early coverage of the weekend rounds. The rights were held from 1999 to 2019, when the contract with the [PGA of America](/wiki/PGA_of_America "PGA of America") ended—after which [ESPN](/wiki/ESPN "ESPN") assumed the rights.{{cite news \|url\=https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2018/10/10/Media/PGA\-Championship.aspx \|title\=PGA Championship Leaving TNT For ESPN In '20, Re\-Ups With CBS \|work\=Sports Business Daily \|first1\=John \|last1\=Ourand \|first2\=John \|last2\=Lombardo \|date\=October 10, 2018 \|access\-date\=October 10, 2018}} TNT's golf coverage has since been limited to [*The Match*](/wiki/The_Match_%28golf%29 "The Match (golf)")—a series of charity [match play](/wiki/Match_play "Match play") events organized by Turner Sports that are simulcast across the Turner channels.{{cite web \|author\=Jon Lewis \|date\=December 4, 2020 \|title\=Ratings: "The Match," Tyson PPV, F1 and more \|url\=https://www.sportsmediawatch.com/2020/12/the\-match\-ratings\-tnt\-tyson\-jones\-buys\-f1/ \|website\=Sports Media Watch}}{{Cite web \|author\=Jon Lewis \|date\=May 25, 2020 \|title\=Blockbuster numbers for "The Match" \|url\=https://www.sportsmediawatch.com/2020/05/match\-ratings\-tiger\-phil\-peyton\-brady\-most\-watched\-cable/ \|website\=Sports Media Watch}}
In [2003](/wiki/2003_Open_Championship "2003 Open Championship"), TNT took over the rights to broadcast the Thursday and Friday rounds of [The Open Championship](/wiki/The_Open_Championship "The Open Championship"),{{cite web \|url\=http://classicsportsmedia.blogspot.com/2013/07/history\-of\-british\-open\-on\-us\-tv\-1962\.html \|title\=History of British Open on US TV (1962\-present) \|date\=July 15, 2013 \|publisher\=Classic Sports TV and Media \|access\-date\=July 15, 2013}} as well as the rights to weekday rounds of the [Women's British Open](/wiki/Women%27s_British_Open "Women's British Open") and [Senior British Open](/wiki/Senior_British_Open "Senior British Open"). [ESPN](/wiki/Golf_on_ESPN "Golf on ESPN") assumed the Open Championship rights in [2009](/wiki/2009_Open_Championship "2009 Open Championship"). From [2000](/wiki/2000_Presidents_Cup "2000 Presidents Cup") to [2007](/wiki/2007_Presidents_Cup "2007 Presidents Cup"), TNT also carried the biennial PGA Tour\-managed [Presidents Cup](/wiki/Presidents_Cup "Presidents Cup").{{cite web \|url\=http://classicsportsmedia.blogspot.com/2013/09/history\-of\-presidents\-cup\-tv\-coverage.html \|title\=History of Presidents Cup TV coverage (1994\-present) \|date\=September 30, 2013 \|publisher\=Classic Sports TV and Media \|access\-date\=September 30, 2013}} The television rights were assumed by [Golf Channel](/wiki/Golf_Channel "Golf Channel") beginning with the [2009 event](/wiki/2009_Presidents_Cup "2009 Presidents Cup") until the [2019 event](/wiki/2019_PGA_Championship "2019 PGA Championship") as part of its overall cable television deal with the PGA Tour, from the 2020 event and on those rights were transferred back to ESPN.
#### UEFA Champions League
Beginning in the 2018–19 season, Turner Sports held the rights to the [UEFA Champions League](/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League "UEFA Champions League") and [Europa League](/wiki/Europa_League "Europa League"), the two highest levels of European club competition, under a three\-year deal. 46 Champions League matches and the finals of both competitions (as well as the [UEFA Super Cup](/wiki/UEFA_Super_Cup "UEFA Super Cup")) are aired per\-season on TNT, with the remainder streaming on [B/R Live](/wiki/B/R_Live "B/R Live")—a newly created streaming service run by its sister sports news website *[Bleacher Report](/wiki/Bleacher_Report "Bleacher Report")*.{{Cite news\|url\=https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/turner\-sports\-bleacher\-report\-streaming\-service\-uefa\-nba\-1202737168/\|title\=Turner Sports Unveils 'Bleacher Report Live' Pay\-Streaming Service\|last\=Spangler\|first\=Todd\|date\=March 27, 2018\|work\=Variety\|access\-date\=July 31, 2018\|language\=en\-US}}{{Cite news\|url\=http://awfulannouncing.com/turner/turner\-sports\-to\-broadcast\-46\-champions\-league\-matches\-b\-r\-live.html\|title\=Turner Sports to broadcast 46 Champions League matches on TNT, offer B/R Live subscription on per match basis\|date\=July 31, 2018\|work\=Awful Announcing\|access\-date\=July 31, 2018\|language\=en\-US}} In June 2020, Turner Sports announced they would be ending their deal to broadcast the UEFA Champions League a year early with those rights headed to future rights partner CBS Sports.{{Cite web\|last\=Fenner\|first\=Jake\|date\=June 25, 2020\|title\=BREAKING: Turner Sports terminates the remainder of Champions League deal\|url\=https://www.bavarianfootballworks.com/2020/6/25/21302478/breaking\-turner\-sports\-opts\-out\-champions\-league\-deal\-cbs\-espn\-nbc\|access\-date\=July 14, 2020\|website\=Bavarian Football Works\|language\=en}}
#### Major League Baseball (overflow)
{{Main\|MLB on TBS}}
TNT carries limited playoff coverage from [MLB on TBS](/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_on_TBS "Major League Baseball on TBS"), but only in rare exceptions where a long\-running or [extra innings](/wiki/Extra_innings "Extra innings") game forces a bump over in coverage of the newer game temporarily from TBS to TNT until the earlier game's conclusion, when the coverage on TNT ends at the conclusion of the current half\-inning and the game moves fully to TBS (due to this, TNT's schedule in early\-to\-mid October is usually made up of little original content). In the [2011](/wiki/2011_Major_League_Baseball_season "2011 Major League Baseball season") and [2012 playoffs](/wiki/2012_Major_League_Baseball_postseason "2012 Major League Baseball postseason"), it carried seven pre\-scheduled Division Series games in full before [Major League Baseball](/wiki/Major_League_Baseball "Major League Baseball") decided to use [MLB Network](/wiki/MLB_Network "MLB Network") in future years in a shift of scheduling to allow more night game carriage.
#### NASCAR
{{Main\|NASCAR on TNT}}
In 2001, TNT began presenting [NASCAR coverage](/wiki/NASCAR_on_TNT "NASCAR on TNT"), as part of [NASCAR](/wiki/NASCAR "NASCAR")'s first unified television rights deal (where television rights were centralized with the association itself, rather than brokered directly by each track owner). The broadcasts were a successor to [TBS's past NASCAR broadcasts](/wiki/NASCAR_on_TBS "NASCAR on TBS") and originally intended to be carried by TBS, but ultimately assigned to TNT in support of its new brand positioning. TNT's coverage was initially a co\-production with [NBC Sports](/wiki/NBC_Sports "NBC Sports"), serving as the cable partner for [NBC's broadcast television coverage of NASCAR](/wiki/NASCAR_on_NBC "NASCAR on NBC"). Under the contract, TNT held the cable rights for the second half of the [Winston Cup Series](/wiki/Winston_Cup_Series "Winston Cup Series") and [Busch Series](/wiki/Busch_Series "Busch Series") seasons, carrying races not aired by NBC; the broadcasts shared their on\-air production and talent with NBC's broadcasts.
When the contract expired in 2006, NBC declined to bid on the next package. TNT would join [Fox](/wiki/NASCAR_on_Fox "NASCAR on Fox") and new rightsholder [ESPN](/wiki/NASCAR_on_ESPN "NASCAR on ESPN") as part of the next round of broadcast rights, retaining a smaller package of six mid\-season [Nextel Cup Series](/wiki/Nextel_Cup_Series "Nextel Cup Series") races per\-season, beginning with Daytona's July race (by then known as the [Coke Zero 400](/wiki/Coke_Zero_400 "Coke Zero 400"))—which became exclusive to TNT under the new contract; previously, NBC and TNT held rights to the race in odd\-numbered years, alternating with Fox (which carried the race in even numbered years; contrarily, the network not carrying the 400 would carry the [Daytona 500](/wiki/Daytona_500 "Daytona 500")). The contract lasted through the 2014 season, after which NASCAR returned to splitting its media rights between Fox and NBC. NASCAR will return to TNT in 2025 for five mid\-season NASCAR Cup Series races, with NASCAR holding an in\-season tournament during these 5 races not too dissimilar to the [NBA Cup](/wiki/NBA_Cup "NBA Cup").
#### National Football League
{{Main\|TNT Sunday Night Football}}
In [1990](/wiki/1990_NFL_season "1990 NFL season"), TNT obtained partial television rights to the [NFL](/wiki/National_Football_League "National Football League")'s *Sunday Night Football* package in a comprehensive agreement in which games were split with [ESPN](/wiki/ESPN "ESPN"). The *[NFL on TNT](/wiki/NFL_on_TNT "NFL on TNT")* consisted of three or four preseason game broadcasts and telecasts of regular season games during the first half of each season until [1997](/wiki/1997_NFL_season "1997 NFL season"). Abiding by NFL broadcasting rules, TNT distributed its game telecasts to [broadcast](/wiki/Terrestrial_television "Terrestrial television") [television stations](/wiki/Television_station "Television station") in the local markets of the teams playing in that week's game.
|
[
"Programming\n-----------",
"{{Main\\|List of programs broadcast by TNT (American TV network)}}\nTNT currently airs a mix of original drama and [reality series](/wiki/Reality_television \"Reality television\"), and reruns of dramas that originally aired on the major broadcast networks. Original programs currently seen on TNT as of 2022 include *[Animal Kingdom](/wiki/Animal_Kingdom_%28TV_series%29 \"Animal Kingdom (TV series)\")* and *[Snowpiercer](/wiki/Snowpiercer_%28TV_series%29 \"Snowpiercer (TV series)\")*. The channel's daytime, overnight and Saturday morning schedule is heavily dominated by reruns of current and former network [police procedural](/wiki/Police_procedural \"Police procedural\") series such as *[Castle](/wiki/Castle_%28TV_series%29 \"Castle (TV series)\"),* *[Bones](/wiki/Bones_%28TV_series%29 \"Bones (TV series)\")* and TNT mainstay *[Law \\& Order](/wiki/Law_%26_Order \"Law & Order\")*, while its weekday morning schedule focuses on sci\\-fi, supernatural and fantasy series.",
"### Movies",
"Feature films have been a mainstay of TNT since its inception. TNT maintains film licensing agreements with sister company [Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.](/wiki/Warner_Bros. \"Warner Bros.\") (primarily releases from [Warner Bros. Pictures](/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures \"Warner Bros. Pictures\") and [New Line Cinema](/wiki/New_Line_Cinema \"New Line Cinema\")), [Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures](/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_Motion_Pictures \"Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures\") (primarily releases from [Walt Disney Pictures](/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures \"Walt Disney Pictures\") (live\\-action only), [Touchstone Pictures](/wiki/Touchstone_Pictures \"Touchstone Pictures\"), [Marvel Studios](/wiki/Marvel_Studios \"Marvel Studios\"), [Lucasfilm](/wiki/Lucasfilm \"Lucasfilm\") and [20th Century Studios](/wiki/20th_Century_Studios \"20th Century Studios\")), [Columbia Pictures](/wiki/Columbia_Pictures \"Columbia Pictures\"), [Universal Pictures](/wiki/Universal_Pictures \"Universal Pictures\") and [Paramount Pictures](/wiki/Paramount_Pictures \"Paramount Pictures\").",
"Since the launch of Turner Classic Movies, TNT's film lineup has shifted away from classic films outside of special airings of films such as *[The Wizard of Oz](/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_%281939_film%29 \"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\")* (which has been aired recently since 2014\\) in December many times in a row on certain days every year either before or close to Christmas time. *[The Wizard of Oz](/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_%281939_film%29 \"The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\")* had also used to be aired on TNT in the past for several years in November close to Thanksgiving time a few times in a row on certain days every year too. Now in favor of more recent films released from the 1980s onward, with an emphasis on films released after 1995\\. Presently, most of the films broadcast on TNT are of the drama and action genres, however some [comedy films](/wiki/Comedy_film \"Comedy film\") continue to air on the channel periodically. Films generally air on the channel during the overnight hours on most nights and for much of the day on weekends.",
"Beginning in 1997, TNT broadcast a 24\\-hour marathon of the 1983 comedy film *[A Christmas Story](/wiki/A_Christmas_Story \"A Christmas Story\")* from the evening of [Christmas Eve](/wiki/Christmas_Eve \"Christmas Eve\") to the evening of [Christmas Day](/wiki/Christmas_Day \"Christmas Day\"). The marathon also runs on its sister channel TBS beginning in 2004, when the annual event became exclusive to that channel and it still does now along with TNT airing it again at the same time starting in 2014 together on both networks. Beginning one hour early on TBS, one hour later on TNT and ending one hour early on TBS and one hour later on TNT. Each weekend, TNT airs a film in [primetime](/wiki/Prime_time \"Prime time\") with limited commercial interruption, branded in on\\-air [promos](/wiki/Promo_%28media%29 \"Promo (media)\") under the title \"More Movies, Less Commercials.\"",
"### Sports programming",
"{{main\\|TNT Sports (United States)}}",
"#### National Basketball Association",
"{{Main\\|NBA on TNT}}",
"In July 1989, the Turner Broadcasting System announced that TNT would obtain partial pay television rights to the [National Basketball Association](/wiki/National_Basketball_Association \"National Basketball Association\") (NBA) beginning with the {{nbay\\|1989\\|app\\=season}}, as part of a transference of TBS SuperStation's existing [NBA telecast rights](/wiki/NBA_on_TBS \"NBA on TBS\").{{cite web\\|title\\=Turner to move NBA to TNT\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/89\\-OCR/BC\\-1989\\-07\\-17\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0030\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=30\\|date\\=July 17, 1989\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}} As a result, TNT's NBA coverage would consist of games involving other teams within the league, with TBS's rights being scaled back to only encompass game telecasts involving the franchise serving its parent television station WTBS's home market, the [Atlanta Hawks](/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks \"Atlanta Hawks\") (which Ted Turner had purchased from Atlanta\\-based real estate developer [Tom Cousins](/wiki/Tom_Cousins \"Tom Cousins\") in 1977\\). Under the initial agreement and a subsequent five\\-year contract signed in December 1989, TNT carried about 50 regular season and 25 playoff games during the inaugural season of its contractual rights. (TBS SuperStation/WTBS, in acquiring exclusivity for the Hawks, expanded its schedule to include 25 away games through the acquisition of Atlanta rival WGNX \\[now CBS affiliate [WANF](/wiki/WANF \"WANF\")]'s partial Hawks telecast rights.){{cite web\\|title\\=Special Report: Basketball 1989–90\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/89\\-OCR/BC\\-1989\\-10\\-16\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0044\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=44\\|date\\=October 16, 1989\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}{{cite web\\|title\\=TNT keeps NBA for $275 million\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX\\-Business/Magazines/Archive\\-BC\\-IDX/89\\-OCR/BC\\-1989\\-12\\-04\\-OCR\\-Page\\-0040\\.pdf\\|periodical\\=Broadcasting\\|via\\=American Radio History\\|page\\=40\\|date\\=December 4, 1989\\|access\\-date\\=October 2, 2018}}",
"In the early 1990s, some Hawks game telecasts shown on TNT and TBS were blacked out within 35 miles of the home team's arena. This restriction was dropped in 2000, allowing TNT the right to be the exclusive broadcaster of any game it chose to carry. TNT had regularly broadcast NBA games on multiple Tuesday nights until the {{nbay\\|2002\\|app\\=season}} and again since 2021\\. The weekly telecasts were then moved to Thursday nights in {{nbay\\|2003\\|app\\=season}} until 2021 in which it moved back to Tuesday nights, when TBS was opted out of rights to NBA coverage as a result of the league's contract renewal with [Turner Sports](/wiki/Turner_Sports \"Turner Sports\"). In addition to carrying NBA regular season games, which typically air as a [doubleheader](/wiki/Doubleheader_%28television%29 \"Doubleheader (television)\") on most weeks, TNT also airs opening night games, the [NBA All\\-Star Game](/wiki/NBA_All-Star_Game \"NBA All-Star Game\"), and the vast majority of games within the conference playoffs and one of the [Conference finals](/wiki/NBA_Conference_finals \"NBA Conference finals\") (the Eastern Conference finals in odd\\-number years and the Western Conference finals in even\\-numbered years). Since 2015, the All\\-Star Game has been simulcast on TBS to prevent it from [counterprogramming](/wiki/Counterprogramming_%28television%29 \"Counterprogramming (television)\") TNT, although in 2022 TBS experimented with an alternate broadcast of the game featuring the panel of TNT's studio show *[Inside the NBA](/wiki/Inside_the_NBA \"Inside the NBA\")*.{{cite web \\|date\\=February 15, 2022 \\|title\\=Turner shuffles NBA All Star plans, will offer Inside The NBA alternate broadcast on TBS \\|url\\=https://awfulannouncing.com/turner/turner\\-shuffles\\-nba\\-all\\-star\\-plans\\-will\\-offer\\-inside\\-the\\-nba\\-alternate\\-broadcast\\-on\\-tbs.html \\|access\\-date\\=February 15, 2022 \\|work\\=Awful Announcing}}",
"#### National Hockey League",
"{{Main\\|NHL on TNT}}",
"Beginning in the [2021–22 NHL season](/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_NHL_season \"2021–22 NHL season\"), Turner Sports holds rights to the [National Hockey League](/wiki/National_Hockey_League \"National Hockey League\") (NHL); the contract includes rights to up to 72 exclusive regular season games per\\-season on TNT,{{cite news \\|last\\=Lucia \\|first\\=Joe \\|date\\=April 27, 2021 \\|title\\=Turner's NHL deal will include \"up to 72\" exclusive national games each season, half the Stanley Cup Playoffs, HBO Max streaming \\|work\\=Awful Announcing \\|location\\= \\|url\\=https://awfulannouncing.com/nhl/turners\\-nhl\\-deal\\-will\\-include\\-up\\-to\\-72\\-exclusive\\-national\\-games\\-each\\-season\\-half\\-the\\-stanley\\-cup\\-playoffs\\-hbo\\-max\\-streaming.html \\|access\\-date\\=}} predominantly consisting of Wednesday night doubleheaders.{{Cite web \\|date\\=September 16, 2021 \\|title\\=ESPN, Turner release NHL schedules for 2021\\-22 season, featuring 78 regular season games on cable and broadcast \\|url\\=https://awfulannouncing.com/espn/espn\\-turner\\-release\\-nhl\\-schedules\\-for\\-2021\\-22\\-season\\-featuring\\-78\\-regular\\-season\\-games\\-on\\-cable\\-and\\-broadcast.html \\|access\\-date\\=September 18, 2021 \\|website\\=Awful Announcing \\|language\\=en\\-US}} TNT also splits coverage of the [Stanley Cup Playoffs](/wiki/Stanley_Cup_Playoffs \"Stanley Cup Playoffs\") with fellow rightsholder [ESPN](/wiki/NHL_on_ESPN \"NHL on ESPN\"), and will hold exclusive rights to the [Stanley Cup Finals](/wiki/Stanley_Cup_Finals \"Stanley Cup Finals\") in odd\\-numbered years.",
"#### College basketball",
"{{main\\|College Basketball on TNT Sports}}",
"In 2011, TNT obtained a share in the television rights to the [NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship](/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Championship \"NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship\") as part of a comprehensive broadcast rights deal known as *[NCAA March Madness](/wiki/NCAA_March_Madness_%28CBS/Turner%29 \"NCAA March Madness (CBS/Turner)\")*. The deal also involves [CBS](/wiki/CBS \"CBS\") and fellow Turner properties [TBS](/wiki/TBS_%28American_TV_channel%29 \"TBS (American TV channel)\") and [TruTV](/wiki/TruTV \"TruTV\"). During even\\-numbered years, Turner holds exclusive rights to the [Final Four](/wiki/Final_Four \"Final Four\")\\-onward; until 2022, TNT and TruTV aired alternate broadcasts of the games tailored towards the participating teams,{{cite magazine\\|title\\=Media Circus: Breaking down CBS and Turner's March Madness broadcast package\\|url\\=https://www.si.com/tech\\-media/2017/03/12/ncaa\\-tournament\\-cbs\\-turner\\-broadcasting\\-coverage\\-media\\-circus\\|magazine\\=Sports Illustrated\\|access\\-date\\=March 13, 2017}} but this was quietly discontinued in 2022, with all three channels simulcasting the TBS broadcast.{{Cite web \\|date\\=March 31, 2022 \\|title\\=Your 2022 NCAA Tournament Final Four and National Championship broadcast primer \\|url\\=https://awfulannouncing.com/ncaa/your\\-2022\\-ncaa\\-tournament\\-final\\-four\\-and\\-national\\-championship\\-broadcast\\-primer.html \\|access\\-date\\=May 28, 2022 \\|website\\=Awful Announcing \\|language\\=en\\-US}}",
"#### Golf",
"{{Main\\|Golf on TNT}}\nTNT televised the [PGA Championship](/wiki/PGA_Championship \"PGA Championship\"),{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.classictvsports.com/2013/08/history\\-of\\-pga\\-championship\\-tv\\-coverage.html \\|title\\=History of PGA Championship TV coverage (1958\\-present) \\|date\\=August 5, 2013 \\|website\\=Classic TV Sports }} carrying full coverage of the first two rounds and early coverage of the weekend rounds. The rights were held from 1999 to 2019, when the contract with the [PGA of America](/wiki/PGA_of_America \"PGA of America\") ended—after which [ESPN](/wiki/ESPN \"ESPN\") assumed the rights.{{cite news \\|url\\=https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2018/10/10/Media/PGA\\-Championship.aspx \\|title\\=PGA Championship Leaving TNT For ESPN In '20, Re\\-Ups With CBS \\|work\\=Sports Business Daily \\|first1\\=John \\|last1\\=Ourand \\|first2\\=John \\|last2\\=Lombardo \\|date\\=October 10, 2018 \\|access\\-date\\=October 10, 2018}} TNT's golf coverage has since been limited to [*The Match*](/wiki/The_Match_%28golf%29 \"The Match (golf)\")—a series of charity [match play](/wiki/Match_play \"Match play\") events organized by Turner Sports that are simulcast across the Turner channels.{{cite web \\|author\\=Jon Lewis \\|date\\=December 4, 2020 \\|title\\=Ratings: \"The Match,\" Tyson PPV, F1 and more \\|url\\=https://www.sportsmediawatch.com/2020/12/the\\-match\\-ratings\\-tnt\\-tyson\\-jones\\-buys\\-f1/ \\|website\\=Sports Media Watch}}{{Cite web \\|author\\=Jon Lewis \\|date\\=May 25, 2020 \\|title\\=Blockbuster numbers for \"The Match\" \\|url\\=https://www.sportsmediawatch.com/2020/05/match\\-ratings\\-tiger\\-phil\\-peyton\\-brady\\-most\\-watched\\-cable/ \\|website\\=Sports Media Watch}}",
"In [2003](/wiki/2003_Open_Championship \"2003 Open Championship\"), TNT took over the rights to broadcast the Thursday and Friday rounds of [The Open Championship](/wiki/The_Open_Championship \"The Open Championship\"),{{cite web \\|url\\=http://classicsportsmedia.blogspot.com/2013/07/history\\-of\\-british\\-open\\-on\\-us\\-tv\\-1962\\.html \\|title\\=History of British Open on US TV (1962\\-present) \\|date\\=July 15, 2013 \\|publisher\\=Classic Sports TV and Media \\|access\\-date\\=July 15, 2013}} as well as the rights to weekday rounds of the [Women's British Open](/wiki/Women%27s_British_Open \"Women's British Open\") and [Senior British Open](/wiki/Senior_British_Open \"Senior British Open\"). [ESPN](/wiki/Golf_on_ESPN \"Golf on ESPN\") assumed the Open Championship rights in [2009](/wiki/2009_Open_Championship \"2009 Open Championship\"). From [2000](/wiki/2000_Presidents_Cup \"2000 Presidents Cup\") to [2007](/wiki/2007_Presidents_Cup \"2007 Presidents Cup\"), TNT also carried the biennial PGA Tour\\-managed [Presidents Cup](/wiki/Presidents_Cup \"Presidents Cup\").{{cite web \\|url\\=http://classicsportsmedia.blogspot.com/2013/09/history\\-of\\-presidents\\-cup\\-tv\\-coverage.html \\|title\\=History of Presidents Cup TV coverage (1994\\-present) \\|date\\=September 30, 2013 \\|publisher\\=Classic Sports TV and Media \\|access\\-date\\=September 30, 2013}} The television rights were assumed by [Golf Channel](/wiki/Golf_Channel \"Golf Channel\") beginning with the [2009 event](/wiki/2009_Presidents_Cup \"2009 Presidents Cup\") until the [2019 event](/wiki/2019_PGA_Championship \"2019 PGA Championship\") as part of its overall cable television deal with the PGA Tour, from the 2020 event and on those rights were transferred back to ESPN.",
"#### UEFA Champions League",
"Beginning in the 2018–19 season, Turner Sports held the rights to the [UEFA Champions League](/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League \"UEFA Champions League\") and [Europa League](/wiki/Europa_League \"Europa League\"), the two highest levels of European club competition, under a three\\-year deal. 46 Champions League matches and the finals of both competitions (as well as the [UEFA Super Cup](/wiki/UEFA_Super_Cup \"UEFA Super Cup\")) are aired per\\-season on TNT, with the remainder streaming on [B/R Live](/wiki/B/R_Live \"B/R Live\")—a newly created streaming service run by its sister sports news website *[Bleacher Report](/wiki/Bleacher_Report \"Bleacher Report\")*.{{Cite news\\|url\\=https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/turner\\-sports\\-bleacher\\-report\\-streaming\\-service\\-uefa\\-nba\\-1202737168/\\|title\\=Turner Sports Unveils 'Bleacher Report Live' Pay\\-Streaming Service\\|last\\=Spangler\\|first\\=Todd\\|date\\=March 27, 2018\\|work\\=Variety\\|access\\-date\\=July 31, 2018\\|language\\=en\\-US}}{{Cite news\\|url\\=http://awfulannouncing.com/turner/turner\\-sports\\-to\\-broadcast\\-46\\-champions\\-league\\-matches\\-b\\-r\\-live.html\\|title\\=Turner Sports to broadcast 46 Champions League matches on TNT, offer B/R Live subscription on per match basis\\|date\\=July 31, 2018\\|work\\=Awful Announcing\\|access\\-date\\=July 31, 2018\\|language\\=en\\-US}} In June 2020, Turner Sports announced they would be ending their deal to broadcast the UEFA Champions League a year early with those rights headed to future rights partner CBS Sports.{{Cite web\\|last\\=Fenner\\|first\\=Jake\\|date\\=June 25, 2020\\|title\\=BREAKING: Turner Sports terminates the remainder of Champions League deal\\|url\\=https://www.bavarianfootballworks.com/2020/6/25/21302478/breaking\\-turner\\-sports\\-opts\\-out\\-champions\\-league\\-deal\\-cbs\\-espn\\-nbc\\|access\\-date\\=July 14, 2020\\|website\\=Bavarian Football Works\\|language\\=en}}",
"#### Major League Baseball (overflow)",
"{{Main\\|MLB on TBS}}\nTNT carries limited playoff coverage from [MLB on TBS](/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_on_TBS \"Major League Baseball on TBS\"), but only in rare exceptions where a long\\-running or [extra innings](/wiki/Extra_innings \"Extra innings\") game forces a bump over in coverage of the newer game temporarily from TBS to TNT until the earlier game's conclusion, when the coverage on TNT ends at the conclusion of the current half\\-inning and the game moves fully to TBS (due to this, TNT's schedule in early\\-to\\-mid October is usually made up of little original content). In the [2011](/wiki/2011_Major_League_Baseball_season \"2011 Major League Baseball season\") and [2012 playoffs](/wiki/2012_Major_League_Baseball_postseason \"2012 Major League Baseball postseason\"), it carried seven pre\\-scheduled Division Series games in full before [Major League Baseball](/wiki/Major_League_Baseball \"Major League Baseball\") decided to use [MLB Network](/wiki/MLB_Network \"MLB Network\") in future years in a shift of scheduling to allow more night game carriage.",
"#### NASCAR",
"{{Main\\|NASCAR on TNT}}",
"In 2001, TNT began presenting [NASCAR coverage](/wiki/NASCAR_on_TNT \"NASCAR on TNT\"), as part of [NASCAR](/wiki/NASCAR \"NASCAR\")'s first unified television rights deal (where television rights were centralized with the association itself, rather than brokered directly by each track owner). The broadcasts were a successor to [TBS's past NASCAR broadcasts](/wiki/NASCAR_on_TBS \"NASCAR on TBS\") and originally intended to be carried by TBS, but ultimately assigned to TNT in support of its new brand positioning. TNT's coverage was initially a co\\-production with [NBC Sports](/wiki/NBC_Sports \"NBC Sports\"), serving as the cable partner for [NBC's broadcast television coverage of NASCAR](/wiki/NASCAR_on_NBC \"NASCAR on NBC\"). Under the contract, TNT held the cable rights for the second half of the [Winston Cup Series](/wiki/Winston_Cup_Series \"Winston Cup Series\") and [Busch Series](/wiki/Busch_Series \"Busch Series\") seasons, carrying races not aired by NBC; the broadcasts shared their on\\-air production and talent with NBC's broadcasts.",
"When the contract expired in 2006, NBC declined to bid on the next package. TNT would join [Fox](/wiki/NASCAR_on_Fox \"NASCAR on Fox\") and new rightsholder [ESPN](/wiki/NASCAR_on_ESPN \"NASCAR on ESPN\") as part of the next round of broadcast rights, retaining a smaller package of six mid\\-season [Nextel Cup Series](/wiki/Nextel_Cup_Series \"Nextel Cup Series\") races per\\-season, beginning with Daytona's July race (by then known as the [Coke Zero 400](/wiki/Coke_Zero_400 \"Coke Zero 400\"))—which became exclusive to TNT under the new contract; previously, NBC and TNT held rights to the race in odd\\-numbered years, alternating with Fox (which carried the race in even numbered years; contrarily, the network not carrying the 400 would carry the [Daytona 500](/wiki/Daytona_500 \"Daytona 500\")). The contract lasted through the 2014 season, after which NASCAR returned to splitting its media rights between Fox and NBC. NASCAR will return to TNT in 2025 for five mid\\-season NASCAR Cup Series races, with NASCAR holding an in\\-season tournament during these 5 races not too dissimilar to the [NBA Cup](/wiki/NBA_Cup \"NBA Cup\").",
"#### National Football League",
"{{Main\\|TNT Sunday Night Football}}\nIn [1990](/wiki/1990_NFL_season \"1990 NFL season\"), TNT obtained partial television rights to the [NFL](/wiki/National_Football_League \"National Football League\")'s *Sunday Night Football* package in a comprehensive agreement in which games were split with [ESPN](/wiki/ESPN \"ESPN\"). The *[NFL on TNT](/wiki/NFL_on_TNT \"NFL on TNT\")* consisted of three or four preseason game broadcasts and telecasts of regular season games during the first half of each season until [1997](/wiki/1997_NFL_season \"1997 NFL season\"). Abiding by NFL broadcasting rules, TNT distributed its game telecasts to [broadcast](/wiki/Terrestrial_television \"Terrestrial television\") [television stations](/wiki/Television_station \"Television station\") in the local markets of the teams playing in that week's game.",
""
] |
International
-------------
European, Middle Eastern, African, Australian, [Latin American](/wiki/Latin_America "Latin America") and Asian versions of TNT were launched in the middle of 1990s, which were exclusively dedicated to movies, mainly from the MGM and Warner Bros. archives (however, the UK, Scandinavian, and Australian versions of TNT all broadcast *WCW Monday Nitro* (the UK and Scandinavian versions broadcast the show on Friday nights on a four\-day delay from its U.S. broadcast), and the Latin American version aired a children's block called "Magic Box"). The European, Australian and Asian versions of TNT shared channel space with Cartoon Network, while the Latin American version shared space with [CNN International](/wiki/CNN_International "CNN International"). The [Europe](/wiki/Europe "Europe"), [Middle East](/wiki/Middle_East "Middle East") and [Africa](/wiki/Africa "Africa"), [Asia\-Pacific](/wiki/Asia-Pacific "Asia-Pacific") TNT channels were eventually relaunched as Turner Classic Movies, while the Latin American version retained the TNT branding. The most well\-known TNT channel in Canada, Latin America, Europe, Middle East and Africa, Asia\-Pacific was (and still is) the [French](/wiki/France "France") version, which used similar graphics to what the flagship U.S. channel was using at the time.
### Canada
{{further\|CTV Drama Channel}}
No version or feed for TNT exists in [Canada](/wiki/Canada "Canada") though some of its programming is aired on [Bell Media](/wiki/Bell_Media "Bell Media") channels such as [CTV Drama Channel](/wiki/CTV_Drama_Channel "CTV Drama Channel") and [TSN](/wiki/The_Sports_Network "The Sports Network").
### Latin America
Regional versions of TNT were launched in [Latin America](/wiki/Latin_America "Latin America") in 1991; the channel mostly shows films, along with a few series. All programs used to be presented subbed in [Spanish](/wiki/Spanish_language "Spanish language") and [Portuguese](/wiki/Portuguese_language "Portuguese language"), until 2015, when the channel reverted it and made available the dubs; however, the channel also offers closed captions (which can be removed or placed by the user) on digital operators. TNT Latin America and TNT Brazil began operating high definition simulcast feeds in 2009\. In Latin America, TNT broadcasts all of the high\-profile award shows including the [Academy Awards](/wiki/Academy_Awards "Academy Awards"), the [Emmy Awards](/wiki/Emmy_Awards "Emmy Awards"), and the [Grammy Awards](/wiki/Grammy_Awards "Grammy Awards").
**Feeds**
* TNT Mexico
* TNT Colombia
* TNT Central America/Venezuela/Caribe
* TNT Chile/Peru/Ecuador/Bolivia
+ TNT Chile
* TNT Argentina/Paraguay/Uruguay
+ TNT Argentina
### Germany
{{Main\|TNT Serie}}
In January 2009, a version of TNT launched in Germany as [TNT Serie](/wiki/TNT_Serie "TNT Serie"). The channel shows a wide variety of older and recent American drama and comedy programs (such as *[30 Rock](/wiki/30_Rock "30 Rock")*, *[Murder, She Wrote](/wiki/Murder%2C_She_Wrote "Murder, She Wrote")*, *[Monk](/wiki/Monk_%28TV_series%29 "Monk (TV series)")*, *[Six Feet Under](/wiki/Six_Feet_Under_%28TV_series%29 "Six Feet Under (TV series)")*, *[Seinfeld](/wiki/Seinfeld "Seinfeld")*, *ER*, *[The King of Queens](/wiki/The_King_of_Queens "The King of Queens")*, *[Everybody Loves Raymond](/wiki/Everybody_Loves_Raymond "Everybody Loves Raymond")*, *[Boardwalk Empire](/wiki/Boardwalk_Empire "Boardwalk Empire")*, *[Game of Thrones](/wiki/Game_of_Thrones "Game of Thrones")* and *[Falling Skies](/wiki/Falling_Skies "Falling Skies")*). TNT Serie maintains two audio channels: one with the original English language audio track and one with a German\-dubbed soundtrack. In June 2009, the German version of [TCM](/wiki/TCM_Germany "TCM Germany") was relaunched as TNT Film. TNT also has a comedy channel which shows *[2 Broke Girls](/wiki/2_Broke_Girls "2 Broke Girls")*, *[Two and a Half Men](/wiki/Two_and_a_Half_Men "Two and a Half Men")* and *[The Big Bang Theory](/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory "The Big Bang Theory")*. TNT Comedy also maintains two audio channels: TNT Serie, TNT Comedy and TNT Film both launched high definition simulcast feeds in the fall of 2010\. On June 14, 2021, it was announced that TNT would be rebranding their channels into Warner TV from September 25, 2021\.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2021/06/14/tnt\-channels\-to\-become\-warner\-tv\-in\-germany/ \|title\=TNT channels to become Warner TV in Germany \|website\=broadbandtvnews.com \|date\=June 14, 2021 \|access\-date\=September 1, 2021 }}
### Spain
The TNT brand returned to the Spanish market in the summer of 2007, when it launched exclusively on the pay television platform [Digital\+](/wiki/Digital%2B "Digital+"). {{As of\|2012}}, TNT is available on several subscription providers in Spain. TNT España is divided into two blocks: one exclusively carrying movies and another exclusively carrying television series (such as *[The Vampire Diaries](/wiki/The_Vampire_Diaries "The Vampire Diaries")*, *[The Big Bang Theory](/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory "The Big Bang Theory")*, *[Two and a Half Men](/wiki/Two_and_a_Half_Men "Two and a Half Men")*, *Falling Skies* and *[Sherlock](/wiki/Sherlock_%28TV_series%29 "Sherlock (TV series)")*). In 2019, TNT España aired the first series they commissioned locally in Spain, *[Vota Juan](/wiki/Vota_Juan "Vota Juan")*.{{citation needed\|date\=February 2019}} The channel was rebranded as Warner TV on April 14, 2023, discontinuing the TNT brand as an entertainment channel in Europe in the process.
### Turkey
A local version of TNT in [Turkey](/wiki/Turkey "Turkey") launched on March 3, 2008, by Doğan Media Group as a channel focusing on feature films. Foreign television series and movies were eventually added to the channel's schedule. On January 24, 2011, it was relaunched as a general entertainment channel with the addition of new television series to its lineup.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.medyatava.net/haber.asp?id\=42930\|title\=Will TNT be on Digiturk?\|work\=Medyatava\|url\-status\=usurped\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209133114/http://www.medyatava.net/haber.asp?ID\=42930\|archive\-date\=February 9, 2008}} In 2012, TNT was rebranded as [tv2](/wiki/Teve2 "Teve2").
### Scandinavia
{{Main\|TNT (Swedish TV channel)}}
The Scandinavian TNT channel was originally launched by tabloid newspaper [Aftonbladet](/wiki/Aftonbladet "Aftonbladet") as "Aftonbladet TV7" on October 9, 2006\. Aftonbladet sold the channel in late 2007\. In August 2008, it was sold once again to [NonStop Television](/wiki/NonStop_Television "NonStop Television"). On March 2, 2011, the channel was relaunched as TNT7, following the Turner Broadcasting System's purchase of NonStop Television owner [Millennium Media Group](/wiki/Millennium_Media_Group "Millennium Media Group"). On March 21, 2012, the channel was renamed TNT, dropping the "7" from the name.
### Netherlands and Flanders
{{Main\|TNT (Dutch TV channel)}}
On April 10, 2012, TNT HD Benelux launched in [Belgium](/wiki/Belgium "Belgium"), carried exclusively on [Telenet](/wiki/Telenet_%28Belgium%29 "Telenet (Belgium)"). The first month of the service was offered to consumers for [free](/wiki/Free_preview "Free preview"), with a subscription required thereafter to view the channel. TNT HD Benelux offers a mix of comedies, movies and current television series (such as *Falling Skies*, *[Shameless](/wiki/Shameless_%28American_TV_series%29 "Shameless (American TV series)")* and *[Memphis Beat](/wiki/Memphis_Beat "Memphis Beat")*), as well as reruns of older series (such as *ER*, *[The West Wing](/wiki/The_West_Wing "The West Wing")* and *[Smallville](/wiki/Smallville "Smallville")*). The channel launched in the [Netherlands](/wiki/Netherlands "Netherlands") on January 24, 2013\.{{cite news\|last\=Briel\|first\=Robert\|title\=KPN scoops TNT Benelux\|url\=http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2012/12/10/kpn\-scoops\-tnt\-benelux/\|access\-date\=December 10, 2012\|newspaper\=Broadband TV News\|date\=December 10, 2012}} It was later launched on [SNOW](/wiki/Base_%28mobile_telephony_provider%29 "Base (mobile telephony provider)") and [Belgacom TV](/wiki/Proximus_TV "Proximus TV") in Belgium; however it stopped broadcasting in both countries on January 1, 2014\.
### Poland
The Polish version of TNT was launched as Turner Classic Movies (TCM) on June 1, 1998, replacing the European version of TNT, Classic Movies. It relaunched in both SD and HD on October 6, 2015\. On July 8, 2021, it was announced that the channel would rebrand into Warner TV from October 23\.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/warner\-tv\-koniec\-tnt\-jak\-odbierac \|title\=TNT od października w Polsce jako Warner TV \|website\=wirtualnemedia.pl \|language\=Polish \|date\=July 9, 2021 \|access\-date\=September 1, 2021 }}
### Romania
The European version of TNT was launched for first time in Romania on September 17, 1993, with Cartoon Network, until October 15, 1999, when it was replaced with Turner Classic Movies. In 2007, TCM was localized in Romania, the Romanian version was launched and it was made a 24/7 channel. On some carriers, Cartoon Network and TCM were shared (the last carrier who maintained them shared was RDS\-RCS, from launch of European version to October 20, 2017\). On October 6, 2015, TCM was replaced by TNT, 22 years after the first launch. On July 8, 2021, it was announced that the channel would rebrand into Warner TV from October 23\.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.paginademedia.ro/stiri\-media/tnt\-devine\-warner\-tv\-20282104 \|title\=La revedere, TNT! Bun venit, Warner TV! Când va fi lansat noul post care înlocuieşte TNT? \|language\=Romanian \|website\=paginademedia.ro \|last\=Bambu \|first\=Raul \|date\=July 8, 2021 \|access\-date\=September 1, 2021 }}
### Africa
{{Main\|TNT Africa}}
The African version of TNT launched on October 15, 1995\. On October 15, 1999, TNT was replaced with Turner Classic Movies. On September 21, 2018, 23 years after the first relaunch, TNT replaced the African version of TCM.{{cite news\|title\=TCM rebranded as TNT Africa to appeal to younger male audiences\|url\=http://broadcastprome.com/news/tcm\-rebranded\-as\-tnt\-africa\-to\-appeal\-to\-younger\-male\-audiences/\|website\=BroadcastPro ME\|access\-date\=September 23, 2018}}
### Thailand
Launched in 2016, it replaced Toonami Thailand. Owned by M Turner Company (a joint\-venture with Major Kantana Co., Ltd.), the channel was closed on January 1, 2018\.
### United Kingdom
A service carrying [Cartoon Network](/wiki/Cartoon_Network "Cartoon Network") programming from 5am to 7pm and [a TNT channel](/wiki/TCM_Movies%23TNT_UK "TCM Movies#TNT UK") at other times launched on the analog Astra satellite service in September 1993; the start time of TNT broadcasts was later pushed back to 9pm to allow additional time for cartoons. The UK version of TNT was predominantly a movie channel, though some other content, most prominently [WCW wrestling](/wiki/World_Championship_Wrestling "World Championship Wrestling") also aired. Cable networks provided TNT and a separate 24\-hour Cartoon Network feed, and when digital services launched from the late 90s the 24\-hour Cartoon Network transitioned across but TNT did not; instead, from October 1999 a 24\-hour [Turner Classic Movies](/wiki/TCM_Movies "TCM Movies") service was launched to digital viewers, with the analog TNT service revised at the same time into a general entertainment service showing drama, films and sport. This continued until July 2000, when [TNT UK](https://tntdramacomactivateroku.com/) was withdrawn and replaced on the soon\-to\-decline analog platforms by a cut\-down version of TCM, running from 9pm to 1am nightly. This ended use of the TNT brand in the UK, though other Turner/Warner properties continued to operate in the territory.
The TNT brand returned to the UK after more than two decades on July 18, 2023, with the rebranding of the BT Sport channel network as [TNT Sports](/wiki/TNT_Sports_%28United_Kingdom%29 "TNT Sports (United Kingdom)"), following the establishment of a joint\-venture between BT Group and Warner Bros. Discovery to take charge of the channels previously wholly\-owned by BT. The Eurosport channels' UK operations will be shut down and folded into TNT Sports at some point between 2024 and 2026, following the [2024 Summer Olympics](/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics "2024 Summer Olympics").
|
[
"International\n-------------",
"European, Middle Eastern, African, Australian, [Latin American](/wiki/Latin_America \"Latin America\") and Asian versions of TNT were launched in the middle of 1990s, which were exclusively dedicated to movies, mainly from the MGM and Warner Bros. archives (however, the UK, Scandinavian, and Australian versions of TNT all broadcast *WCW Monday Nitro* (the UK and Scandinavian versions broadcast the show on Friday nights on a four\\-day delay from its U.S. broadcast), and the Latin American version aired a children's block called \"Magic Box\"). The European, Australian and Asian versions of TNT shared channel space with Cartoon Network, while the Latin American version shared space with [CNN International](/wiki/CNN_International \"CNN International\"). The [Europe](/wiki/Europe \"Europe\"), [Middle East](/wiki/Middle_East \"Middle East\") and [Africa](/wiki/Africa \"Africa\"), [Asia\\-Pacific](/wiki/Asia-Pacific \"Asia-Pacific\") TNT channels were eventually relaunched as Turner Classic Movies, while the Latin American version retained the TNT branding. The most well\\-known TNT channel in Canada, Latin America, Europe, Middle East and Africa, Asia\\-Pacific was (and still is) the [French](/wiki/France \"France\") version, which used similar graphics to what the flagship U.S. channel was using at the time.",
"### Canada",
"{{further\\|CTV Drama Channel}}\nNo version or feed for TNT exists in [Canada](/wiki/Canada \"Canada\") though some of its programming is aired on [Bell Media](/wiki/Bell_Media \"Bell Media\") channels such as [CTV Drama Channel](/wiki/CTV_Drama_Channel \"CTV Drama Channel\") and [TSN](/wiki/The_Sports_Network \"The Sports Network\").",
"### Latin America",
"Regional versions of TNT were launched in [Latin America](/wiki/Latin_America \"Latin America\") in 1991; the channel mostly shows films, along with a few series. All programs used to be presented subbed in [Spanish](/wiki/Spanish_language \"Spanish language\") and [Portuguese](/wiki/Portuguese_language \"Portuguese language\"), until 2015, when the channel reverted it and made available the dubs; however, the channel also offers closed captions (which can be removed or placed by the user) on digital operators. TNT Latin America and TNT Brazil began operating high definition simulcast feeds in 2009\\. In Latin America, TNT broadcasts all of the high\\-profile award shows including the [Academy Awards](/wiki/Academy_Awards \"Academy Awards\"), the [Emmy Awards](/wiki/Emmy_Awards \"Emmy Awards\"), and the [Grammy Awards](/wiki/Grammy_Awards \"Grammy Awards\").",
"**Feeds**\n* TNT Mexico\n* TNT Colombia\n* TNT Central America/Venezuela/Caribe\n* TNT Chile/Peru/Ecuador/Bolivia\n\t+ TNT Chile\n* TNT Argentina/Paraguay/Uruguay\n\t+ TNT Argentina",
"### Germany",
"{{Main\\|TNT Serie}}\nIn January 2009, a version of TNT launched in Germany as [TNT Serie](/wiki/TNT_Serie \"TNT Serie\"). The channel shows a wide variety of older and recent American drama and comedy programs (such as *[30 Rock](/wiki/30_Rock \"30 Rock\")*, *[Murder, She Wrote](/wiki/Murder%2C_She_Wrote \"Murder, She Wrote\")*, *[Monk](/wiki/Monk_%28TV_series%29 \"Monk (TV series)\")*, *[Six Feet Under](/wiki/Six_Feet_Under_%28TV_series%29 \"Six Feet Under (TV series)\")*, *[Seinfeld](/wiki/Seinfeld \"Seinfeld\")*, *ER*, *[The King of Queens](/wiki/The_King_of_Queens \"The King of Queens\")*, *[Everybody Loves Raymond](/wiki/Everybody_Loves_Raymond \"Everybody Loves Raymond\")*, *[Boardwalk Empire](/wiki/Boardwalk_Empire \"Boardwalk Empire\")*, *[Game of Thrones](/wiki/Game_of_Thrones \"Game of Thrones\")* and *[Falling Skies](/wiki/Falling_Skies \"Falling Skies\")*). TNT Serie maintains two audio channels: one with the original English language audio track and one with a German\\-dubbed soundtrack. In June 2009, the German version of [TCM](/wiki/TCM_Germany \"TCM Germany\") was relaunched as TNT Film. TNT also has a comedy channel which shows *[2 Broke Girls](/wiki/2_Broke_Girls \"2 Broke Girls\")*, *[Two and a Half Men](/wiki/Two_and_a_Half_Men \"Two and a Half Men\")* and *[The Big Bang Theory](/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory \"The Big Bang Theory\")*. TNT Comedy also maintains two audio channels: TNT Serie, TNT Comedy and TNT Film both launched high definition simulcast feeds in the fall of 2010\\. On June 14, 2021, it was announced that TNT would be rebranding their channels into Warner TV from September 25, 2021\\.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2021/06/14/tnt\\-channels\\-to\\-become\\-warner\\-tv\\-in\\-germany/ \\|title\\=TNT channels to become Warner TV in Germany \\|website\\=broadbandtvnews.com \\|date\\=June 14, 2021 \\|access\\-date\\=September 1, 2021 }}",
"### Spain",
"The TNT brand returned to the Spanish market in the summer of 2007, when it launched exclusively on the pay television platform [Digital\\+](/wiki/Digital%2B \"Digital+\"). {{As of\\|2012}}, TNT is available on several subscription providers in Spain. TNT España is divided into two blocks: one exclusively carrying movies and another exclusively carrying television series (such as *[The Vampire Diaries](/wiki/The_Vampire_Diaries \"The Vampire Diaries\")*, *[The Big Bang Theory](/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory \"The Big Bang Theory\")*, *[Two and a Half Men](/wiki/Two_and_a_Half_Men \"Two and a Half Men\")*, *Falling Skies* and *[Sherlock](/wiki/Sherlock_%28TV_series%29 \"Sherlock (TV series)\")*). In 2019, TNT España aired the first series they commissioned locally in Spain, *[Vota Juan](/wiki/Vota_Juan \"Vota Juan\")*.{{citation needed\\|date\\=February 2019}} The channel was rebranded as Warner TV on April 14, 2023, discontinuing the TNT brand as an entertainment channel in Europe in the process.",
"### Turkey",
"A local version of TNT in [Turkey](/wiki/Turkey \"Turkey\") launched on March 3, 2008, by Doğan Media Group as a channel focusing on feature films. Foreign television series and movies were eventually added to the channel's schedule. On January 24, 2011, it was relaunched as a general entertainment channel with the addition of new television series to its lineup.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.medyatava.net/haber.asp?id\\=42930\\|title\\=Will TNT be on Digiturk?\\|work\\=Medyatava\\|url\\-status\\=usurped\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209133114/http://www.medyatava.net/haber.asp?ID\\=42930\\|archive\\-date\\=February 9, 2008}} In 2012, TNT was rebranded as [tv2](/wiki/Teve2 \"Teve2\").",
"### Scandinavia",
"{{Main\\|TNT (Swedish TV channel)}}\nThe Scandinavian TNT channel was originally launched by tabloid newspaper [Aftonbladet](/wiki/Aftonbladet \"Aftonbladet\") as \"Aftonbladet TV7\" on October 9, 2006\\. Aftonbladet sold the channel in late 2007\\. In August 2008, it was sold once again to [NonStop Television](/wiki/NonStop_Television \"NonStop Television\"). On March 2, 2011, the channel was relaunched as TNT7, following the Turner Broadcasting System's purchase of NonStop Television owner [Millennium Media Group](/wiki/Millennium_Media_Group \"Millennium Media Group\"). On March 21, 2012, the channel was renamed TNT, dropping the \"7\" from the name.",
"### Netherlands and Flanders",
"{{Main\\|TNT (Dutch TV channel)}}\nOn April 10, 2012, TNT HD Benelux launched in [Belgium](/wiki/Belgium \"Belgium\"), carried exclusively on [Telenet](/wiki/Telenet_%28Belgium%29 \"Telenet (Belgium)\"). The first month of the service was offered to consumers for [free](/wiki/Free_preview \"Free preview\"), with a subscription required thereafter to view the channel. TNT HD Benelux offers a mix of comedies, movies and current television series (such as *Falling Skies*, *[Shameless](/wiki/Shameless_%28American_TV_series%29 \"Shameless (American TV series)\")* and *[Memphis Beat](/wiki/Memphis_Beat \"Memphis Beat\")*), as well as reruns of older series (such as *ER*, *[The West Wing](/wiki/The_West_Wing \"The West Wing\")* and *[Smallville](/wiki/Smallville \"Smallville\")*). The channel launched in the [Netherlands](/wiki/Netherlands \"Netherlands\") on January 24, 2013\\.{{cite news\\|last\\=Briel\\|first\\=Robert\\|title\\=KPN scoops TNT Benelux\\|url\\=http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2012/12/10/kpn\\-scoops\\-tnt\\-benelux/\\|access\\-date\\=December 10, 2012\\|newspaper\\=Broadband TV News\\|date\\=December 10, 2012}} It was later launched on [SNOW](/wiki/Base_%28mobile_telephony_provider%29 \"Base (mobile telephony provider)\") and [Belgacom TV](/wiki/Proximus_TV \"Proximus TV\") in Belgium; however it stopped broadcasting in both countries on January 1, 2014\\.",
"### Poland",
"The Polish version of TNT was launched as Turner Classic Movies (TCM) on June 1, 1998, replacing the European version of TNT, Classic Movies. It relaunched in both SD and HD on October 6, 2015\\. On July 8, 2021, it was announced that the channel would rebrand into Warner TV from October 23\\.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/warner\\-tv\\-koniec\\-tnt\\-jak\\-odbierac \\|title\\=TNT od października w Polsce jako Warner TV \\|website\\=wirtualnemedia.pl \\|language\\=Polish \\|date\\=July 9, 2021 \\|access\\-date\\=September 1, 2021 }}",
"### Romania",
"The European version of TNT was launched for first time in Romania on September 17, 1993, with Cartoon Network, until October 15, 1999, when it was replaced with Turner Classic Movies. In 2007, TCM was localized in Romania, the Romanian version was launched and it was made a 24/7 channel. On some carriers, Cartoon Network and TCM were shared (the last carrier who maintained them shared was RDS\\-RCS, from launch of European version to October 20, 2017\\). On October 6, 2015, TCM was replaced by TNT, 22 years after the first launch. On July 8, 2021, it was announced that the channel would rebrand into Warner TV from October 23\\.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.paginademedia.ro/stiri\\-media/tnt\\-devine\\-warner\\-tv\\-20282104 \\|title\\=La revedere, TNT! Bun venit, Warner TV! Când va fi lansat noul post care înlocuieşte TNT? \\|language\\=Romanian \\|website\\=paginademedia.ro \\|last\\=Bambu \\|first\\=Raul \\|date\\=July 8, 2021 \\|access\\-date\\=September 1, 2021 }}",
"### Africa",
"{{Main\\|TNT Africa}}\nThe African version of TNT launched on October 15, 1995\\. On October 15, 1999, TNT was replaced with Turner Classic Movies. On September 21, 2018, 23 years after the first relaunch, TNT replaced the African version of TCM.{{cite news\\|title\\=TCM rebranded as TNT Africa to appeal to younger male audiences\\|url\\=http://broadcastprome.com/news/tcm\\-rebranded\\-as\\-tnt\\-africa\\-to\\-appeal\\-to\\-younger\\-male\\-audiences/\\|website\\=BroadcastPro ME\\|access\\-date\\=September 23, 2018}}",
"### Thailand",
"Launched in 2016, it replaced Toonami Thailand. Owned by M Turner Company (a joint\\-venture with Major Kantana Co., Ltd.), the channel was closed on January 1, 2018\\.",
"### United Kingdom",
"A service carrying [Cartoon Network](/wiki/Cartoon_Network \"Cartoon Network\") programming from 5am to 7pm and [a TNT channel](/wiki/TCM_Movies%23TNT_UK \"TCM Movies#TNT UK\") at other times launched on the analog Astra satellite service in September 1993; the start time of TNT broadcasts was later pushed back to 9pm to allow additional time for cartoons. The UK version of TNT was predominantly a movie channel, though some other content, most prominently [WCW wrestling](/wiki/World_Championship_Wrestling \"World Championship Wrestling\") also aired. Cable networks provided TNT and a separate 24\\-hour Cartoon Network feed, and when digital services launched from the late 90s the 24\\-hour Cartoon Network transitioned across but TNT did not; instead, from October 1999 a 24\\-hour [Turner Classic Movies](/wiki/TCM_Movies \"TCM Movies\") service was launched to digital viewers, with the analog TNT service revised at the same time into a general entertainment service showing drama, films and sport. This continued until July 2000, when [TNT UK](https://tntdramacomactivateroku.com/) was withdrawn and replaced on the soon\\-to\\-decline analog platforms by a cut\\-down version of TCM, running from 9pm to 1am nightly. This ended use of the TNT brand in the UK, though other Turner/Warner properties continued to operate in the territory.",
"The TNT brand returned to the UK after more than two decades on July 18, 2023, with the rebranding of the BT Sport channel network as [TNT Sports](/wiki/TNT_Sports_%28United_Kingdom%29 \"TNT Sports (United Kingdom)\"), following the establishment of a joint\\-venture between BT Group and Warner Bros. Discovery to take charge of the channels previously wholly\\-owned by BT. The Eurosport channels' UK operations will be shut down and folded into TNT Sports at some point between 2024 and 2026, following the [2024 Summer Olympics](/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics \"2024 Summer Olympics\").",
""
] |
Life
----
### Early life
Kasravi was born on 29 September 1890 in the [Hokmavar](/wiki/Hokmavar "Hokmavar") neighborhood of [Tabriz](/wiki/Tabriz "Tabriz").{{cite thesis\|author\=Mohammad Doustdar Haghighi \|title\=The religious thought of Aḥmad Kasravī Tabrīzī\|url\=https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/zg64tn935\|location\=\[\[McGill University]] \|page\=19\|degree\=MA\|year\=1998}} His family admired him as the first son of their family. His mother prevented him from playing with other peers. According to Kasravi himself, from the age of five, his head was shaved according to the tradition of that time, which made him very upset. He was sent to a school in Hekmavar when he was six years old. Nevertheless, Kasravi was a leader in learning, comparing himself to his peers, and he learned many things with his own efforts and with the help of his family. His father died at the age of 12 and (after two years of carpet weaving) he returned to religious school and continued it according to his father's will. Haji Mir Mohsen Agha, who was the husband of the aunt and guardian of the Kasravi family, sent him to the Talibiyeh school. In that school, Kasravi first studied in the school with a man named Mullah Hassan. Kasravi first met Sheikh Mohammad Khayabani, who taught [Ptolemy](/wiki/Ptolemy "Ptolemy"), at the same school in Talebia.My Life, p. 5\-57
In 1904, at the same time as the beginning of the [Persian Constitutional Revolution](/wiki/Persian_Constitutional_Revolution "Persian Constitutional Revolution") in Tabriz, Kasravi first came across the name of the [constitution](/wiki/Constitution "Constitution") and, according to him, he was dedicated to the constitution from the very beginning. At the same time, a young cleric in Hakmavar became the son\-in\-law of Mir Mohsen Agha, the guardian of Kasravi's family, and Mir Mohsen started the [mosque](/wiki/Mosque "Mosque") of Nia Kasravi and forced Kasravi to learn from him; But the two were at hostility. Kasravi's leaning towards the constitution and the opposition of this cleric and Mir Mohsen Agha to the constitution also increased his enmity. Therefore, Kasravi stopped learning from him, and as a result, his family guardian also resented Kasravi and changed his attitude towards him.
In 1908, [Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar](/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Shah_Qajar "Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar") [bombardment of the Majlis](/wiki/1908_bombardment_of_the_Majlis "1908 bombardment of the Majlis"). Tabriz was blockaded. At that time, Haji Mirza Hassan Mojtahed and a group of like\-minded people in Dohchi formed the Islamic Association, and Kasravi, who was still a student at the time, was watching. After that, Tabriz suffered from conflict and bloodshed for four months, which resulted in the cessation of the Islamic Association. Kasravi, who was seventeen at the time, was forced to stay at home and read books. At this time, most of the people of Hakmavar, as well as Kasravi's family, were enemies of the constitution, and Kasravi, who had attached himself to the constitution, by force of circumstance camouflaged his attachment. In the meantime, he followed the events of Tabriz until Tabriz calmed down and Kasravi started studying again. After studying for two years, he finally became a clergyman.
In 1909, Kasravi went down with [typhus](/wiki/Typhus "Typhus"). As a result of this disease, Kasravi suffered from a constant disability that was always with him. He also suffered from [anemia](/wiki/Anemia "Anemia") and his eyes became dim and he suffered from indigestion. After recovering from his illness, his relatives and locals, according to him, forcibly took him to the prayer mosque to become a cleric there. On the other hand, an opponent cleric, whose son\-in\-law was Mir Mohsen, also preached anti\-Kasravi and called him a democrat in order to disperse the people around him. At this time, Kasravi sent his two younger brothers to Nejat Elementary School, which was not a good thing in the eyes of the people of that time, because his brothers, like other Sayyids, did not wear headscarves and did not wear green scarves. Kasravi, unlike other elected clerics, wore a beard, high\-heeled shoes, and machine\-made socks, wore a small [turban](/wiki/Turban "Turban"), fastened his scarf, and wore glasses, which his opponents considered all because of his cult. After all, he did not fast and criticized the fasting people, and according to him, he only did things such as reciting the wedding sermon. From then on, he took over the management of his family, but he became poor. At this time, he began to recite the [Qur'an](/wiki/Quran "Quran") and tried to learn the meaning of the verses of the [Qur'an](/wiki/Quran "Quran").
### Leaving the profession of clergy
Ahmad Kasravi entered the Talibiyeh school in [Tabriz](/wiki/Tabriz "Tabriz") as a teenager and studied Islamic sciences. After a while, as a [Shiite](/wiki/Shiite "Shiite") missionary, he dressed as a Shiite cleric. At Talebieh School, he was a classmate of Sheikh Mohammad Khayabani and Sheikh [Gholam Hossein Tabrizi](/wiki/Gholam_Hossein_Tabrizi "Gholam Hossein Tabrizi").Memoirs of Mohammad Mehdi Abdokhodai, Islamic Revolution Documentation Center Publications, p. 27 He was also in front of the Kasravi Mosque in the Hekmabad neighbourhood of Tabriz for a short time.My Life, 60–71
On 30 April 1909, the Russians clashed with the [Mujahideen](/wiki/Mujahideen "Mujahideen") in Tabriz. Although Kasravi was far from a conflict in Hekmavar, this conflict and the stability of the Iranians affected him, and since [Muharram](/wiki/Muharram "Muharram") had also begun, he advised the people on the pulpit. Kasravi was not satisfied with this and tried to join the fighters with several rifles; But the war did not last more than four days and the Mujahideen left the city and the Russians conquered [Tabriz](/wiki/Tabriz "Tabriz") and appointed [Samad Khan](/wiki/Samad_Khan_Momtaz_os-Saltaneh "Samad Khan Momtaz os-Saltaneh"), one of the long\-time enemies of the Constitution, over the city. Anti\-constitutional clerics and their followers also inflicted severe violence on the constitutionalists. Kasravi was also forced to visit Samad Khan in [Bagh\-e Amir](/wiki/Bagh-e_Amir_Bekandeh "Bagh-e Amir Bekandeh") under the pressure of Haji Mir Mohsen Agha, Guardian their family. However, for the few days that he went to the pulpit, the clerics excommunicated him, and the cleric who was with him in Hakmavar incited the thugs to harm him, and eventually, the people gradually dispersed from his pulpit, and he thus withdrew from the clergy. According to him, the burden of the clergy was removed from his neck.
From then on, Kasravi was a homemaker for a while and read various books and became acquainted with the sciences of the day, and gradually found friends among the freedom seekers. According to Kasravi, one of the books that moved him to read was [Ibrahim Bey](/wiki/Zeyn_al-Abedin_Maraghei "Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei")'s travelogue by [Zeyn al\-Abedin Maraghei](/wiki/Zeyn_al-Abedin_Maraghei "Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei").
### After the clergy
Through the shop from which he bought the book, Kasravi met several freedom fighters, one of whom was a street that had come to the Caucasus and from there to Tabriz after the parliament closed, and thus a friendship developed between them. He also met Reza Soltanzadeh, who said that this friendship was lasting and lasted until the last years of Kasravi's life.My Life, p. 71\-77
At this time, Kasravi made a marriage contract with his cousin, the eldest daughter of their family, Mir Mohsen Agha; But at this time he saw the persecution of the clergy and was accused of cultism and disbelief in religion. On the other hand, because he had nothing to do, he became poor, had to sell his books, and, of course, enlisted the help of his father's old friends. Kasravi was offered to weave socks and he bought a sock machine, but the machine was unhealthy and Kasravi returned it, however, the seller did not return his advance payment. He bought another sock weaving machine, but this one also got into trouble and he lost it.
Kasravi, who had failed to provide a career and had also sold his books, became very depressed. He was interested in three disciplines: mathematics, history and Arabic, and he spent his time learning and reading these. At this time he wrote a speech in Arabic for a magazine called *[Al\-Irfan](/wiki/Al-Irfan_%28magazine%29 "Al-Irfan (magazine)")*, which was published in [Sidon](/wiki/Sidon "Sidon"), and sent it to publish it without any compromise.
### Memorial School
In the summer of 1914, [World War I](/wiki/World_War_I "World War I") broke out in Europe. At this time, the [Ottomans](/wiki/Ottoman_Turks "Ottoman Turks") advanced to Tabriz and repulsed Russia, but it was not long before they were defeated and retreated. Thus, [Azerbaijan](/wiki/Azerbaijan "Azerbaijan") was the battlefield of the states involved in the war.My Life, p. 79\-97
In 1915, Kasravi, in search of new knowledge, found himself in need of learning a European language. At first, he tried to learn French, but he knew that he could not learn without it. So he wanted to go to the American school in Tabriz called "[Memorial School](/wiki/American_Memorial_School_in_Tabriz "American Memorial School in Tabriz")", so he went to Mr Chesp, the principal of that school, and repeated his request. Chesp considered Kasravi's high school year as a ban on his studentship at that school and had initially suggested that he go there as a teacher and study for two hours a day. Kasravi, who suffers from unemployment, accepted the offer and taught Arabic to The students who studied English themselves. It was in the first few months that he became self\-taught about Esperanto and became attached to the language. He also chose a way to teach Arabic to his students. Then he wrote a book about this method called Al\-Najm al\-Darya, which was taught in Tabriz high schools for some time. In the American school, there were three Christian tribes (Armenian and Assyrian), Muslim and [Ali\-Illahis](/wiki/Ali-Illahism "Ali-Illahism"), which was a conflict between Christians and Muslims, and Kasravi was not relieved of this conflict. Some Muslim officials were also hostile to him there. Nevertheless, Kasravi calls Mr Chesp a righteous man who was far from religious.
Between 1915 and 1916, Kasravi, who was familiar with [Baha'i](/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith "Baháʼí Faith") history and beliefs, had discussions with the preachers of this religion.
At this time, too, Kasravi allegedly harassed clerics who knew he was going to an American school to study [Babism](/wiki/B%C3%A1bism "Bábism").
### Travel to the Caucasus
When the school closed on 2 July 1916, Kasravi borrowed loans from acquaintances to find work and health (doctors had offered to travel for further recovery) and travelled by rail to the [Caucasus](/wiki/Caucasus "Caucasus"). During this trip, Kasravi tried to learn [Russian](/wiki/Russian_language "Russian language"). He went to [Tiflis](/wiki/Tiflis "Tiflis") and left for [Baku](/wiki/Baku "Baku") after two days. He did not find anything in Baku, so he boarded a ship and left for [Ashgabat](/wiki/Ashgabat "Ashgabat"). Then he went to [Mashhad](/wiki/Mashhad "Mashhad") and after a month he returned to Baku the way he had come and when he could not find work again he went to Tbilisi again. In Tiflis he became acquainted with freedom\-seekers and also liked the city and its people, so he remained there for a while. There he became acquainted with botany. However, he did not find anything there. Then, in mid\-October, he returned to Tabriz following his mother's motivation letter and the call of Mr Chesp, the director of the Memorial School.My Life, p. 92\-100
### Leaving the Memorial School
On his return, the enmity between Muslims and Armenians increased, and Kasravi had verbal confrontations with them until one day when he left school, several Armenian students followed him and dragged his cloak away. This led to a Muslim strike at the school, and although the principal apologized to him through the middle leg, Kasravi, who was upset, did not go to school anymore.
### Joining the Democrat Party and post\-February events
It was at this time in 1917 that [Nicholas II](/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia "Nicholas II of Russia"), the last Russian tsar, was overthrown. This overthrow affected the time of Iran at that time, especially Tabriz, where the Russians were influential. Meanwhile, a street reopened the Democratic Party in Azerbaijan. At this time, according to Kasravi, some constitutionalists, who had suffered a great deal from others in the past six years, resorted to grudges that Kasravi tried to keep quiet and sheltered some of his former enemies. It was at this time that high schools opened and Kasravi was called to teach Arabic in high school. It was at this time that Kasravi joined the [Democrat Party](/wiki/Democrat_Party_%28Persia%29 "Democrat Party (Persia)").My Life, p. 100\-103
At this time, cholera spread in Tabriz and Kasravi also contracted the disease. Tabriz also suffered from drought. Under these circumstances, the government provided flour to the people, and the Democrats mediated the distribution of flour among the people. Kasravi also tried to do this in Hekmavar.
At the same time, [Bolsheviks](/wiki/Bolsheviks "Bolsheviks") were in power in Russia. There was chaos in Iran as well, especially in Azerbaijan. The retreating Russians looted and destroyed cities like Khoy. In Urmia and Salmas, the Assyrian uprising caused bloodshed. With the onset of winter, the government, which fed the meagre, got into trouble and reduced their rations. Then typhoid and typhoid diseases spread in Tabriz and left many dead. Meanwhile, one of Kasravi's brothers and niece also fell ill but recovered, but Kasravi's mother Khadijeh Khanum contracted typhus and did not recover and died. This incident upset Kasravi and he said it was the saddest event in his life after his father's death.
In 1918, [Ottoman](/wiki/Ottoman_Empire "Ottoman Empire") troops [invaded Azerbaijan](/wiki/Tabriz_during_World_War_I "Tabriz during World War I"). They were pessimistic about the Democrats, so they captured [Sheikh Mohammad Khayabani](/wiki/Mohammad_Khiabani "Mohammad Khiabani") and some of his allies and drove him out of Tabriz. The Ottomans formed a party in Tabriz called the [Islamic Union](/wiki/Islamic_Union_of_Iraqi_Turkoman "Islamic Union of Iraqi Turkoman"), which was joined by a group of Tabrizis as well as Democrats, but Kasravi did not join them. At this time, Kasravi, who had been in the hands of enemies for some time, saw better to change his place of life, so he moved to [Lilava](/wiki/Lilava "Lilava"), which was one of the best alleys in Tabriz at that time. At this time, Taqi Rifat, one of the street supporters, with the help of the Ottomans, founded a Turkish\-language newspaper called Azarbadegan, in which he promoted Pan\-Turkism. However, since World War I had led to the defeat of the Allies, in October of that year, the Ottoman troops left Tabriz and the Islamic Union collapsed. So Kasravi and the other Democrats reorganized their organization and expelled those who had collaborated with the Ottomans and tried to spread [Pan\-Turkism](/wiki/Pan-Turkism "Pan-Turkism"). They decided that from now on the party would use Persian language and one of its ideals would be to spread this language in Azerbaijan. In the meantime, Khiabani returned to Tabriz, but some of his actions, such as returning the expelled from the party and blaming others for his previous assassinations in Tabriz, angered the Democrats. In the meantime, Kasravi got bored and left the party. With the start of the fourth round of parliamentary elections on 21 July 1919, the street regrouped the Democrats and apologized for their previous actions, calling for the Democrats to show solidarity again; But still, Khiabani dictatorship annoyed Kasravi and others. At this time, [Vossug ed Dowleh](/wiki/Vossug_ed_Dowleh "Vossug ed Dowleh") signed the [1919 agreement](/wiki/Anglo-Persian_Agreement "Anglo-Persian Agreement") with Britain, but Mohammad Khiabani, contrary to the expectations of his allies, remained silent and did not act on it, which also increased the resentment of the Democrats. It was at this time that Kasravi began working in the judiciary (15 September 1919\).
At the same time, divisiveness among Democrats escalated, with Kasravi splitting from the party. In the last meeting that took place between Kasravi and Khayabani, the two talked loudly, and after that Kasravi did not meet with Khayabani anymore. However, in his biography, Kasravi has expressed his remorse for being so big against a man who was eighteen or seventeen years older than him.
Shortly afterwards, Mohammad Khiabani [revolted against the government](/wiki/Mohammad_Khiabani%27s_uprising "Mohammad Khiabani's uprising"). Kasravi and his companions disbanded their group, but Sheikh Khiabani pursued them and harassed a group of them. Kasravi also had to stay at home. After a few days, he had to go to Fakhrabad, a village two miles from Tabriz. Two weeks later, Major Edmund, the head of the British Political Bureau, called for a meeting with Kasravi. Kasravi went to the British Consulate in Tabriz and met with Major Edmund. According to Kasravi, Britain was concerned about the spread of Bolshevism, as [Mirza Kuchik Khan](/wiki/Mirza_Kuchik_Khan "Mirza Kuchik Khan") had allied himself with them, and Britain wanted to abandon the ideology of Sheikh Khiabani. Major Edmund wanted to incite Kasravi to pursue a street fight, but Kasravi refused and explained that firstly his group would not be able to confront the street sheikh and secondly that he would not face him because his uprising was for Azerbaijan. At the same time, the Prime Minister had received a coded telegram from the critics that if you rise up to fight the street sheikh, the government will help you, which was also not accepted. At that time, Kasravi had returned to Tabriz, but he and his friends were under pressure and threats.
When a group of Kasravi's companions were arrested in the prison of Sheikh Khayabani, Kasravi had to leave Tabriz with his wife, leaving the cities and diyats alone until he contracted a nausea fever in Shahindaj and stayed there for a month and a half. Because there was no doctor there, Kasravi went to Tehran sometime later.
In Tehran, Kasravi met with his companions who had been expelled from Tabriz by a street sheikh. Although his illness had not left him, he went in search of work. He was eventually accepted to teach Arabic at Servat High School. Meetings were held in Tehran and Kasravi was asked to fight in the streets, but Kasravi refrained from doing so. Meanwhile, Mukhbar al\-Saltanah, who had just become the governor of Azerbaijan, asked Kasravi to join him in quelling the street uprising, but Kasravi refused. Khiabani was killed two weeks later and the riot was suppressed.
### Death of first wife
In Tehran, he wrote articles about the mourning for [Nader Shah Afshar](/wiki/Nader_Shah "Nader Shah")'s grave, which led to his acquaintance with [Esperanto](/wiki/Esperanto "Esperanto") groups. He also had meetings and discussions with [Baha'is](/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith "Baháʼí Faith"). In the meantime, he was appointed head of the Tabriz Judiciary, which he refused. Meanwhile, Kasravi had not yet brought his family to Tehran and did not have enough money to do so. In the meantime, he was offered membership in the Tabriz Appeal, which he accepted. In February, he set out for Tabriz, where snow and storm kept him on the road for twenty days. At this time, Azerbaijan, like other parts of Iran, was in turmoil, and [Simko Shikak](/wiki/Simko_Shikak "Simko Shikak") had conquered [Urmia](/wiki/Urmia "Urmia"). The judiciary has also suffered a lot of corruption, as Kasravi said. The magazine *[Molla Nasraddin](/wiki/Molla_Nasraddin_%28magazine%29 "Molla Nasraddin (magazine)")*, which was published in Azerbaijan after the Caucasus uprising at the time, also covered the devastation in humorous language. However, Kasravi did not stay in Tabriz for more than three weeks, as [Zia ol Din Tabatabaee](/wiki/Zia_ol_Din_Tabatabaee "Zia ol Din Tabatabaee") took power in a coup d'etat and he had ordered the closure of the judiciary on 14 March. Thus Kasravi became unemployed again and faced poverty. In 1922, Tabatabaee was ousted and replaced by [Ahmad Ghavam](/wiki/Ahmad_Qavam "Ahmad Qavam"), but the judiciary remained closed. At this time, the [Bolsheviks](/wiki/Bolsheviks "Bolsheviks") had looted Kasravi's brother's shop in Baku, and when he returned to Tabriz, [Shahsevans](/wiki/Shahsevan "Shahsevan") took the rest of his property. Inevitably, Kasravi left his books to his brother to open a library and not be unemployed. At this time, Mukhbar al\-Saltanah, who had a good relationship with Kasravi, paid Kasravi's remaining salary, and he paid his debts, and he was somewhat out of trouble. He wanted to go to Tehran when his wife fell ill. At this time, he and a group of thinkers were trying to spread Esperanto in Tabriz. At the end of September of that year, Kasravi's wife's condition worsened and her hands and feet became swollen. Doctors determined that he had dehydration and needed surgery. After the operation, she recovered for two days, but on the second night she died suddenly and Kasravi was deeply saddened. Kasravi's first wife was his youngest cousin, and Kasravi had no attachment to her and was forced to marry her only at the insistence of her family; But after the marriage, according to Kasravi, the woman had put her love in Kasravi's heart with her purity and simplicity.Kasravi, 152–165
### In Mazandaran
After forty days after the death of his wife, on 20 September, Kasravi handed over his children to his brother and left for Tehran again. When Kasravi was on his way to Tehran, [Mohammad Taqi Pessian](/wiki/Mohammad_Taqi_Pessian "Mohammad Taqi Pessian") was killed in Khorasan. On 12 October, after a long trip, he arrived in Tehran, and after some rest, he went to see the then Minister of Justice, Amid al\-Saltanah, but there was no room for him in the judiciary. Thus, Kasravi was caught in bipolar again. He remarried in Tehran. Eventually, he was made a member of the Mazandaran Appeal. On 17 November, Kasravi left for Mazandaran, where at that time the only way to get there was to use [horses](/wiki/Horse "Horse") and [Mule](/wiki/Mule "Mule"), and Kasravi rented a horse and ran away. At this time, Amir Moayed Savadkuhi had revolted against the government in Savadkuh and Sardar Sepah ([Reza Shah](/wiki/Reza_Shah "Reza Shah")) had sent an army to suppress him and Kasravi's caravan in Firoozkooh was prevented from following the trip. So the [Cossacks](/wiki/Persian_Cossack_Brigade "Persian Cossack Brigade") sent him with another caravan, but because the caravan was not satisfied with his company, Kasravi left him and set off on foot to Sari. It was during this trip that Kasravi first came across Iranian dialects and became aware of their existence. Despite all the difficulties, he finally arrived in Sari and stayed there for four months, bringing his wife there as well. He enjoyed life in Mazandaran, where he studied the Mazandaran language and studied. At this time, Simko Shikak had reached Mahabad and surrendered to the gendarmes and killed them. On the other hand, in Mazandaran, Amir Moayed's revolt had subsided and he had surrendered.Kasravi, 165–180
### In Damavand
In March, Tehran was informed that Mazandaran's appeal had been dismissed, and Kasravi had to leave for Tehran. On his return to Tehran, he met with Abdolhossein Teymourtash, and this acquaintance later led to their cooperation. After a while, he was sent to Damavand by the judiciary to resolve the disputes between the judiciary staff and the ruler there. After resolving the dispute, they asked him to stay in Damavand and Kasravi accepted. At this time, Kasravi began writing a book in Arabic called "Azerbaijan in the Twentieth Century" and sending it to the monthly [Al\-Irfan](/wiki/Al-Irfan_%28magazine%29 "Al-Irfan (magazine)"). In October, a law was passed to test the knowledge of judges, so Kasravi went to Tehran for the exam and he received the highest score in this exam. He stayed in Tehran for two months and spent this time researching the history of Mazandaran and writing notes on the history of Tabarestan in the weekly Nobahar and researching Ibn Esfandiar's manuscript and comparing it with foreign manuscripts, which he considered the beginning of his writing life.Kasravi, 180–193
### In Zanjan
After a while, he was sent to [Zanjan](/wiki/Zanjan%2C_Iran "Zanjan, Iran"), where they had problems dismissing the former head of the court. After two months, he was offered to go to Arak and he accepted, but the offer was rejected by the people of Zanjan who wanted him to stay. In Zanjan, he resumed writing the book "Azerbaijan in the Twentieth Century". He also researched events related to the [Babi movement](/wiki/B%C3%A1bism "Bábism") in Zanjan, which later helped him write a book on Baha'ism. The differences between the dialects of the Zanjanis and the Azerbaijanis also prompted Kasravi to research the [Azerbaijani Turkish](/wiki/Azerbaijani_language "Azerbaijani language") language and its writings and works. At the end of the summer of 1923, Kasravi was sent to Qazvin to be tested by the judiciary. He went to [Qazvin](/wiki/Qazvin "Qazvin") with his family and stayed there for a month, where he learned about [Táhirih](/wiki/T%C3%A1hirih "Táhirih"). After that, he returned to Zanjan. In the meantime, he made a trip to [Soltanieh](/wiki/Soltaniyeh "Soltaniyeh").Kasravi, 194\-242
### in Khuzestan
He was in Zanjan until the beginning of [Sardar Sepah](/wiki/Reza_Shah "Reza Shah") as prime minister. At that time, Mu'adh al\-Saltanah had become the Minister of Justice. Kasravi also set conditions for the acceptance of Khuzestan, and when he was accepted, Kasravi also agreed to go to Khuzestan. Before leaving, he met Reza Khan Sardar Sepah for the first time. Sardar Sepah entrusted Kasravi to establish a judiciary that would be superior to the British judiciary on the other side of the [Arvand River](/wiki/Shatt_al-Arab "Shatt al-Arab"). Kasravi also set off and reached Khuzestan via Iraq ([Baghdad](/wiki/Baghdad "Baghdad") and [Basra](/wiki/Basra "Basra")). First, he went to [Khorramshahr](/wiki/Khorramshahr "Khorramshahr"), then in Abadan he met [Sheikh Khazal](/wiki/Khaz%CA%BDal_Ibn_Jabir "Khazʽal Ibn Jabir") in his special ship. From there, he sat on a device and went to [Ahvaz](/wiki/Ahvaz "Ahvaz"). Then it was difficult to go to Shushtar, which was the centre of Khuzestan at that time. Kasravi was surprised by the lack of interest in this city and its small size. There he learned that Khazal in Khuzestan did not dominate only Dezful, Shushtar and Ramhormoz, where he also bribed most government employees. Sheikh Khazal was also in the hands of mercenaries who, for example, had killed Sayyid Abdullah, one of the former heads of the judiciary, at the behest of one of these assassins. At this time, 250 Iranian troops were gathered in [Salasel](/wiki/Salasel_Castle "Salasel Castle") Fortress near [Shushtar](/wiki/Shushtar "Shushtar"), which was the only government force in Khuzestan at that time, and Sheikh Khazal had a separate government from the central government of Iran. Britain, which benefits many in Khuzestan, also supported Khazal. At this time, Reza Khan was thinking of restoring the central government's influence over this part of Iran.Kasravi, p. 242
At first, Khazal and his sons were pleased to know that Kasravi had knowledge of Arabic, but when Kasravi wrote in Arabic newspapers in response to Khuzestan's independent reading and called Khuzestan part of Iran, Khazal became angry with him. Kasravi visited [Susa](/wiki/Susa "Susa") and [Dezful](/wiki/Dezful "Dezful") in Khuzestan. He also saw the ruins of Jundishapur. In Khuzestan, when he became acquainted with the Arabs of that region, he knew that few people except his graduates were familiar with eloquent Arabic. He also knew that not all Arabs have a good relationship with Sheikh Khazal. At this time, Kasravi was constantly reporting to the Prime Minister on the critical situation in Khuzestan.kasravi, p. 243
|
[
"Life\n----",
"### Early life",
"Kasravi was born on 29 September 1890 in the [Hokmavar](/wiki/Hokmavar \"Hokmavar\") neighborhood of [Tabriz](/wiki/Tabriz \"Tabriz\").{{cite thesis\\|author\\=Mohammad Doustdar Haghighi \\|title\\=The religious thought of Aḥmad Kasravī Tabrīzī\\|url\\=https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/zg64tn935\\|location\\=\\[\\[McGill University]] \\|page\\=19\\|degree\\=MA\\|year\\=1998}} His family admired him as the first son of their family. His mother prevented him from playing with other peers. According to Kasravi himself, from the age of five, his head was shaved according to the tradition of that time, which made him very upset. He was sent to a school in Hekmavar when he was six years old. Nevertheless, Kasravi was a leader in learning, comparing himself to his peers, and he learned many things with his own efforts and with the help of his family. His father died at the age of 12 and (after two years of carpet weaving) he returned to religious school and continued it according to his father's will. Haji Mir Mohsen Agha, who was the husband of the aunt and guardian of the Kasravi family, sent him to the Talibiyeh school. In that school, Kasravi first studied in the school with a man named Mullah Hassan. Kasravi first met Sheikh Mohammad Khayabani, who taught [Ptolemy](/wiki/Ptolemy \"Ptolemy\"), at the same school in Talebia.My Life, p. 5\\-57",
"In 1904, at the same time as the beginning of the [Persian Constitutional Revolution](/wiki/Persian_Constitutional_Revolution \"Persian Constitutional Revolution\") in Tabriz, Kasravi first came across the name of the [constitution](/wiki/Constitution \"Constitution\") and, according to him, he was dedicated to the constitution from the very beginning. At the same time, a young cleric in Hakmavar became the son\\-in\\-law of Mir Mohsen Agha, the guardian of Kasravi's family, and Mir Mohsen started the [mosque](/wiki/Mosque \"Mosque\") of Nia Kasravi and forced Kasravi to learn from him; But the two were at hostility. Kasravi's leaning towards the constitution and the opposition of this cleric and Mir Mohsen Agha to the constitution also increased his enmity. Therefore, Kasravi stopped learning from him, and as a result, his family guardian also resented Kasravi and changed his attitude towards him.",
"In 1908, [Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar](/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Shah_Qajar \"Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar\") [bombardment of the Majlis](/wiki/1908_bombardment_of_the_Majlis \"1908 bombardment of the Majlis\"). Tabriz was blockaded. At that time, Haji Mirza Hassan Mojtahed and a group of like\\-minded people in Dohchi formed the Islamic Association, and Kasravi, who was still a student at the time, was watching. After that, Tabriz suffered from conflict and bloodshed for four months, which resulted in the cessation of the Islamic Association. Kasravi, who was seventeen at the time, was forced to stay at home and read books. At this time, most of the people of Hakmavar, as well as Kasravi's family, were enemies of the constitution, and Kasravi, who had attached himself to the constitution, by force of circumstance camouflaged his attachment. In the meantime, he followed the events of Tabriz until Tabriz calmed down and Kasravi started studying again. After studying for two years, he finally became a clergyman.",
"In 1909, Kasravi went down with [typhus](/wiki/Typhus \"Typhus\"). As a result of this disease, Kasravi suffered from a constant disability that was always with him. He also suffered from [anemia](/wiki/Anemia \"Anemia\") and his eyes became dim and he suffered from indigestion. After recovering from his illness, his relatives and locals, according to him, forcibly took him to the prayer mosque to become a cleric there. On the other hand, an opponent cleric, whose son\\-in\\-law was Mir Mohsen, also preached anti\\-Kasravi and called him a democrat in order to disperse the people around him. At this time, Kasravi sent his two younger brothers to Nejat Elementary School, which was not a good thing in the eyes of the people of that time, because his brothers, like other Sayyids, did not wear headscarves and did not wear green scarves. Kasravi, unlike other elected clerics, wore a beard, high\\-heeled shoes, and machine\\-made socks, wore a small [turban](/wiki/Turban \"Turban\"), fastened his scarf, and wore glasses, which his opponents considered all because of his cult. After all, he did not fast and criticized the fasting people, and according to him, he only did things such as reciting the wedding sermon. From then on, he took over the management of his family, but he became poor. At this time, he began to recite the [Qur'an](/wiki/Quran \"Quran\") and tried to learn the meaning of the verses of the [Qur'an](/wiki/Quran \"Quran\").",
"### Leaving the profession of clergy",
"Ahmad Kasravi entered the Talibiyeh school in [Tabriz](/wiki/Tabriz \"Tabriz\") as a teenager and studied Islamic sciences. After a while, as a [Shiite](/wiki/Shiite \"Shiite\") missionary, he dressed as a Shiite cleric. At Talebieh School, he was a classmate of Sheikh Mohammad Khayabani and Sheikh [Gholam Hossein Tabrizi](/wiki/Gholam_Hossein_Tabrizi \"Gholam Hossein Tabrizi\").Memoirs of Mohammad Mehdi Abdokhodai, Islamic Revolution Documentation Center Publications, p. 27 He was also in front of the Kasravi Mosque in the Hekmabad neighbourhood of Tabriz for a short time.My Life, 60–71",
"On 30 April 1909, the Russians clashed with the [Mujahideen](/wiki/Mujahideen \"Mujahideen\") in Tabriz. Although Kasravi was far from a conflict in Hekmavar, this conflict and the stability of the Iranians affected him, and since [Muharram](/wiki/Muharram \"Muharram\") had also begun, he advised the people on the pulpit. Kasravi was not satisfied with this and tried to join the fighters with several rifles; But the war did not last more than four days and the Mujahideen left the city and the Russians conquered [Tabriz](/wiki/Tabriz \"Tabriz\") and appointed [Samad Khan](/wiki/Samad_Khan_Momtaz_os-Saltaneh \"Samad Khan Momtaz os-Saltaneh\"), one of the long\\-time enemies of the Constitution, over the city. Anti\\-constitutional clerics and their followers also inflicted severe violence on the constitutionalists. Kasravi was also forced to visit Samad Khan in [Bagh\\-e Amir](/wiki/Bagh-e_Amir_Bekandeh \"Bagh-e Amir Bekandeh\") under the pressure of Haji Mir Mohsen Agha, Guardian their family. However, for the few days that he went to the pulpit, the clerics excommunicated him, and the cleric who was with him in Hakmavar incited the thugs to harm him, and eventually, the people gradually dispersed from his pulpit, and he thus withdrew from the clergy. According to him, the burden of the clergy was removed from his neck.",
"From then on, Kasravi was a homemaker for a while and read various books and became acquainted with the sciences of the day, and gradually found friends among the freedom seekers. According to Kasravi, one of the books that moved him to read was [Ibrahim Bey](/wiki/Zeyn_al-Abedin_Maraghei \"Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei\")'s travelogue by [Zeyn al\\-Abedin Maraghei](/wiki/Zeyn_al-Abedin_Maraghei \"Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei\").",
"### After the clergy",
"Through the shop from which he bought the book, Kasravi met several freedom fighters, one of whom was a street that had come to the Caucasus and from there to Tabriz after the parliament closed, and thus a friendship developed between them. He also met Reza Soltanzadeh, who said that this friendship was lasting and lasted until the last years of Kasravi's life.My Life, p. 71\\-77",
"At this time, Kasravi made a marriage contract with his cousin, the eldest daughter of their family, Mir Mohsen Agha; But at this time he saw the persecution of the clergy and was accused of cultism and disbelief in religion. On the other hand, because he had nothing to do, he became poor, had to sell his books, and, of course, enlisted the help of his father's old friends. Kasravi was offered to weave socks and he bought a sock machine, but the machine was unhealthy and Kasravi returned it, however, the seller did not return his advance payment. He bought another sock weaving machine, but this one also got into trouble and he lost it.",
"Kasravi, who had failed to provide a career and had also sold his books, became very depressed. He was interested in three disciplines: mathematics, history and Arabic, and he spent his time learning and reading these. At this time he wrote a speech in Arabic for a magazine called *[Al\\-Irfan](/wiki/Al-Irfan_%28magazine%29 \"Al-Irfan (magazine)\")*, which was published in [Sidon](/wiki/Sidon \"Sidon\"), and sent it to publish it without any compromise.",
"### Memorial School",
"In the summer of 1914, [World War I](/wiki/World_War_I \"World War I\") broke out in Europe. At this time, the [Ottomans](/wiki/Ottoman_Turks \"Ottoman Turks\") advanced to Tabriz and repulsed Russia, but it was not long before they were defeated and retreated. Thus, [Azerbaijan](/wiki/Azerbaijan \"Azerbaijan\") was the battlefield of the states involved in the war.My Life, p. 79\\-97",
"In 1915, Kasravi, in search of new knowledge, found himself in need of learning a European language. At first, he tried to learn French, but he knew that he could not learn without it. So he wanted to go to the American school in Tabriz called \"[Memorial School](/wiki/American_Memorial_School_in_Tabriz \"American Memorial School in Tabriz\")\", so he went to Mr Chesp, the principal of that school, and repeated his request. Chesp considered Kasravi's high school year as a ban on his studentship at that school and had initially suggested that he go there as a teacher and study for two hours a day. Kasravi, who suffers from unemployment, accepted the offer and taught Arabic to The students who studied English themselves. It was in the first few months that he became self\\-taught about Esperanto and became attached to the language. He also chose a way to teach Arabic to his students. Then he wrote a book about this method called Al\\-Najm al\\-Darya, which was taught in Tabriz high schools for some time. In the American school, there were three Christian tribes (Armenian and Assyrian), Muslim and [Ali\\-Illahis](/wiki/Ali-Illahism \"Ali-Illahism\"), which was a conflict between Christians and Muslims, and Kasravi was not relieved of this conflict. Some Muslim officials were also hostile to him there. Nevertheless, Kasravi calls Mr Chesp a righteous man who was far from religious.",
"Between 1915 and 1916, Kasravi, who was familiar with [Baha'i](/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith \"Baháʼí Faith\") history and beliefs, had discussions with the preachers of this religion.",
"At this time, too, Kasravi allegedly harassed clerics who knew he was going to an American school to study [Babism](/wiki/B%C3%A1bism \"Bábism\").",
"### Travel to the Caucasus",
"When the school closed on 2 July 1916, Kasravi borrowed loans from acquaintances to find work and health (doctors had offered to travel for further recovery) and travelled by rail to the [Caucasus](/wiki/Caucasus \"Caucasus\"). During this trip, Kasravi tried to learn [Russian](/wiki/Russian_language \"Russian language\"). He went to [Tiflis](/wiki/Tiflis \"Tiflis\") and left for [Baku](/wiki/Baku \"Baku\") after two days. He did not find anything in Baku, so he boarded a ship and left for [Ashgabat](/wiki/Ashgabat \"Ashgabat\"). Then he went to [Mashhad](/wiki/Mashhad \"Mashhad\") and after a month he returned to Baku the way he had come and when he could not find work again he went to Tbilisi again. In Tiflis he became acquainted with freedom\\-seekers and also liked the city and its people, so he remained there for a while. There he became acquainted with botany. However, he did not find anything there. Then, in mid\\-October, he returned to Tabriz following his mother's motivation letter and the call of Mr Chesp, the director of the Memorial School.My Life, p. 92\\-100",
"### Leaving the Memorial School",
"On his return, the enmity between Muslims and Armenians increased, and Kasravi had verbal confrontations with them until one day when he left school, several Armenian students followed him and dragged his cloak away. This led to a Muslim strike at the school, and although the principal apologized to him through the middle leg, Kasravi, who was upset, did not go to school anymore.",
"### Joining the Democrat Party and post\\-February events",
"It was at this time in 1917 that [Nicholas II](/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia \"Nicholas II of Russia\"), the last Russian tsar, was overthrown. This overthrow affected the time of Iran at that time, especially Tabriz, where the Russians were influential. Meanwhile, a street reopened the Democratic Party in Azerbaijan. At this time, according to Kasravi, some constitutionalists, who had suffered a great deal from others in the past six years, resorted to grudges that Kasravi tried to keep quiet and sheltered some of his former enemies. It was at this time that high schools opened and Kasravi was called to teach Arabic in high school. It was at this time that Kasravi joined the [Democrat Party](/wiki/Democrat_Party_%28Persia%29 \"Democrat Party (Persia)\").My Life, p. 100\\-103",
"At this time, cholera spread in Tabriz and Kasravi also contracted the disease. Tabriz also suffered from drought. Under these circumstances, the government provided flour to the people, and the Democrats mediated the distribution of flour among the people. Kasravi also tried to do this in Hekmavar.",
"At the same time, [Bolsheviks](/wiki/Bolsheviks \"Bolsheviks\") were in power in Russia. There was chaos in Iran as well, especially in Azerbaijan. The retreating Russians looted and destroyed cities like Khoy. In Urmia and Salmas, the Assyrian uprising caused bloodshed. With the onset of winter, the government, which fed the meagre, got into trouble and reduced their rations. Then typhoid and typhoid diseases spread in Tabriz and left many dead. Meanwhile, one of Kasravi's brothers and niece also fell ill but recovered, but Kasravi's mother Khadijeh Khanum contracted typhus and did not recover and died. This incident upset Kasravi and he said it was the saddest event in his life after his father's death.",
"In 1918, [Ottoman](/wiki/Ottoman_Empire \"Ottoman Empire\") troops [invaded Azerbaijan](/wiki/Tabriz_during_World_War_I \"Tabriz during World War I\"). They were pessimistic about the Democrats, so they captured [Sheikh Mohammad Khayabani](/wiki/Mohammad_Khiabani \"Mohammad Khiabani\") and some of his allies and drove him out of Tabriz. The Ottomans formed a party in Tabriz called the [Islamic Union](/wiki/Islamic_Union_of_Iraqi_Turkoman \"Islamic Union of Iraqi Turkoman\"), which was joined by a group of Tabrizis as well as Democrats, but Kasravi did not join them. At this time, Kasravi, who had been in the hands of enemies for some time, saw better to change his place of life, so he moved to [Lilava](/wiki/Lilava \"Lilava\"), which was one of the best alleys in Tabriz at that time. At this time, Taqi Rifat, one of the street supporters, with the help of the Ottomans, founded a Turkish\\-language newspaper called Azarbadegan, in which he promoted Pan\\-Turkism. However, since World War I had led to the defeat of the Allies, in October of that year, the Ottoman troops left Tabriz and the Islamic Union collapsed. So Kasravi and the other Democrats reorganized their organization and expelled those who had collaborated with the Ottomans and tried to spread [Pan\\-Turkism](/wiki/Pan-Turkism \"Pan-Turkism\"). They decided that from now on the party would use Persian language and one of its ideals would be to spread this language in Azerbaijan. In the meantime, Khiabani returned to Tabriz, but some of his actions, such as returning the expelled from the party and blaming others for his previous assassinations in Tabriz, angered the Democrats. In the meantime, Kasravi got bored and left the party. With the start of the fourth round of parliamentary elections on 21 July 1919, the street regrouped the Democrats and apologized for their previous actions, calling for the Democrats to show solidarity again; But still, Khiabani dictatorship annoyed Kasravi and others. At this time, [Vossug ed Dowleh](/wiki/Vossug_ed_Dowleh \"Vossug ed Dowleh\") signed the [1919 agreement](/wiki/Anglo-Persian_Agreement \"Anglo-Persian Agreement\") with Britain, but Mohammad Khiabani, contrary to the expectations of his allies, remained silent and did not act on it, which also increased the resentment of the Democrats. It was at this time that Kasravi began working in the judiciary (15 September 1919\\).",
"At the same time, divisiveness among Democrats escalated, with Kasravi splitting from the party. In the last meeting that took place between Kasravi and Khayabani, the two talked loudly, and after that Kasravi did not meet with Khayabani anymore. However, in his biography, Kasravi has expressed his remorse for being so big against a man who was eighteen or seventeen years older than him.",
"Shortly afterwards, Mohammad Khiabani [revolted against the government](/wiki/Mohammad_Khiabani%27s_uprising \"Mohammad Khiabani's uprising\"). Kasravi and his companions disbanded their group, but Sheikh Khiabani pursued them and harassed a group of them. Kasravi also had to stay at home. After a few days, he had to go to Fakhrabad, a village two miles from Tabriz. Two weeks later, Major Edmund, the head of the British Political Bureau, called for a meeting with Kasravi. Kasravi went to the British Consulate in Tabriz and met with Major Edmund. According to Kasravi, Britain was concerned about the spread of Bolshevism, as [Mirza Kuchik Khan](/wiki/Mirza_Kuchik_Khan \"Mirza Kuchik Khan\") had allied himself with them, and Britain wanted to abandon the ideology of Sheikh Khiabani. Major Edmund wanted to incite Kasravi to pursue a street fight, but Kasravi refused and explained that firstly his group would not be able to confront the street sheikh and secondly that he would not face him because his uprising was for Azerbaijan. At the same time, the Prime Minister had received a coded telegram from the critics that if you rise up to fight the street sheikh, the government will help you, which was also not accepted. At that time, Kasravi had returned to Tabriz, but he and his friends were under pressure and threats.",
"When a group of Kasravi's companions were arrested in the prison of Sheikh Khayabani, Kasravi had to leave Tabriz with his wife, leaving the cities and diyats alone until he contracted a nausea fever in Shahindaj and stayed there for a month and a half. Because there was no doctor there, Kasravi went to Tehran sometime later.",
"In Tehran, Kasravi met with his companions who had been expelled from Tabriz by a street sheikh. Although his illness had not left him, he went in search of work. He was eventually accepted to teach Arabic at Servat High School. Meetings were held in Tehran and Kasravi was asked to fight in the streets, but Kasravi refrained from doing so. Meanwhile, Mukhbar al\\-Saltanah, who had just become the governor of Azerbaijan, asked Kasravi to join him in quelling the street uprising, but Kasravi refused. Khiabani was killed two weeks later and the riot was suppressed.",
"### Death of first wife",
"In Tehran, he wrote articles about the mourning for [Nader Shah Afshar](/wiki/Nader_Shah \"Nader Shah\")'s grave, which led to his acquaintance with [Esperanto](/wiki/Esperanto \"Esperanto\") groups. He also had meetings and discussions with [Baha'is](/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith \"Baháʼí Faith\"). In the meantime, he was appointed head of the Tabriz Judiciary, which he refused. Meanwhile, Kasravi had not yet brought his family to Tehran and did not have enough money to do so. In the meantime, he was offered membership in the Tabriz Appeal, which he accepted. In February, he set out for Tabriz, where snow and storm kept him on the road for twenty days. At this time, Azerbaijan, like other parts of Iran, was in turmoil, and [Simko Shikak](/wiki/Simko_Shikak \"Simko Shikak\") had conquered [Urmia](/wiki/Urmia \"Urmia\"). The judiciary has also suffered a lot of corruption, as Kasravi said. The magazine *[Molla Nasraddin](/wiki/Molla_Nasraddin_%28magazine%29 \"Molla Nasraddin (magazine)\")*, which was published in Azerbaijan after the Caucasus uprising at the time, also covered the devastation in humorous language. However, Kasravi did not stay in Tabriz for more than three weeks, as [Zia ol Din Tabatabaee](/wiki/Zia_ol_Din_Tabatabaee \"Zia ol Din Tabatabaee\") took power in a coup d'etat and he had ordered the closure of the judiciary on 14 March. Thus Kasravi became unemployed again and faced poverty. In 1922, Tabatabaee was ousted and replaced by [Ahmad Ghavam](/wiki/Ahmad_Qavam \"Ahmad Qavam\"), but the judiciary remained closed. At this time, the [Bolsheviks](/wiki/Bolsheviks \"Bolsheviks\") had looted Kasravi's brother's shop in Baku, and when he returned to Tabriz, [Shahsevans](/wiki/Shahsevan \"Shahsevan\") took the rest of his property. Inevitably, Kasravi left his books to his brother to open a library and not be unemployed. At this time, Mukhbar al\\-Saltanah, who had a good relationship with Kasravi, paid Kasravi's remaining salary, and he paid his debts, and he was somewhat out of trouble. He wanted to go to Tehran when his wife fell ill. At this time, he and a group of thinkers were trying to spread Esperanto in Tabriz. At the end of September of that year, Kasravi's wife's condition worsened and her hands and feet became swollen. Doctors determined that he had dehydration and needed surgery. After the operation, she recovered for two days, but on the second night she died suddenly and Kasravi was deeply saddened. Kasravi's first wife was his youngest cousin, and Kasravi had no attachment to her and was forced to marry her only at the insistence of her family; But after the marriage, according to Kasravi, the woman had put her love in Kasravi's heart with her purity and simplicity.Kasravi, 152–165",
"### In Mazandaran",
"After forty days after the death of his wife, on 20 September, Kasravi handed over his children to his brother and left for Tehran again. When Kasravi was on his way to Tehran, [Mohammad Taqi Pessian](/wiki/Mohammad_Taqi_Pessian \"Mohammad Taqi Pessian\") was killed in Khorasan. On 12 October, after a long trip, he arrived in Tehran, and after some rest, he went to see the then Minister of Justice, Amid al\\-Saltanah, but there was no room for him in the judiciary. Thus, Kasravi was caught in bipolar again. He remarried in Tehran. Eventually, he was made a member of the Mazandaran Appeal. On 17 November, Kasravi left for Mazandaran, where at that time the only way to get there was to use [horses](/wiki/Horse \"Horse\") and [Mule](/wiki/Mule \"Mule\"), and Kasravi rented a horse and ran away. At this time, Amir Moayed Savadkuhi had revolted against the government in Savadkuh and Sardar Sepah ([Reza Shah](/wiki/Reza_Shah \"Reza Shah\")) had sent an army to suppress him and Kasravi's caravan in Firoozkooh was prevented from following the trip. So the [Cossacks](/wiki/Persian_Cossack_Brigade \"Persian Cossack Brigade\") sent him with another caravan, but because the caravan was not satisfied with his company, Kasravi left him and set off on foot to Sari. It was during this trip that Kasravi first came across Iranian dialects and became aware of their existence. Despite all the difficulties, he finally arrived in Sari and stayed there for four months, bringing his wife there as well. He enjoyed life in Mazandaran, where he studied the Mazandaran language and studied. At this time, Simko Shikak had reached Mahabad and surrendered to the gendarmes and killed them. On the other hand, in Mazandaran, Amir Moayed's revolt had subsided and he had surrendered.Kasravi, 165–180",
"### In Damavand",
"In March, Tehran was informed that Mazandaran's appeal had been dismissed, and Kasravi had to leave for Tehran. On his return to Tehran, he met with Abdolhossein Teymourtash, and this acquaintance later led to their cooperation. After a while, he was sent to Damavand by the judiciary to resolve the disputes between the judiciary staff and the ruler there. After resolving the dispute, they asked him to stay in Damavand and Kasravi accepted. At this time, Kasravi began writing a book in Arabic called \"Azerbaijan in the Twentieth Century\" and sending it to the monthly [Al\\-Irfan](/wiki/Al-Irfan_%28magazine%29 \"Al-Irfan (magazine)\"). In October, a law was passed to test the knowledge of judges, so Kasravi went to Tehran for the exam and he received the highest score in this exam. He stayed in Tehran for two months and spent this time researching the history of Mazandaran and writing notes on the history of Tabarestan in the weekly Nobahar and researching Ibn Esfandiar's manuscript and comparing it with foreign manuscripts, which he considered the beginning of his writing life.Kasravi, 180–193",
"### In Zanjan",
"After a while, he was sent to [Zanjan](/wiki/Zanjan%2C_Iran \"Zanjan, Iran\"), where they had problems dismissing the former head of the court. After two months, he was offered to go to Arak and he accepted, but the offer was rejected by the people of Zanjan who wanted him to stay. In Zanjan, he resumed writing the book \"Azerbaijan in the Twentieth Century\". He also researched events related to the [Babi movement](/wiki/B%C3%A1bism \"Bábism\") in Zanjan, which later helped him write a book on Baha'ism. The differences between the dialects of the Zanjanis and the Azerbaijanis also prompted Kasravi to research the [Azerbaijani Turkish](/wiki/Azerbaijani_language \"Azerbaijani language\") language and its writings and works. At the end of the summer of 1923, Kasravi was sent to Qazvin to be tested by the judiciary. He went to [Qazvin](/wiki/Qazvin \"Qazvin\") with his family and stayed there for a month, where he learned about [Táhirih](/wiki/T%C3%A1hirih \"Táhirih\"). After that, he returned to Zanjan. In the meantime, he made a trip to [Soltanieh](/wiki/Soltaniyeh \"Soltaniyeh\").Kasravi, 194\\-242",
"### in Khuzestan",
"He was in Zanjan until the beginning of [Sardar Sepah](/wiki/Reza_Shah \"Reza Shah\") as prime minister. At that time, Mu'adh al\\-Saltanah had become the Minister of Justice. Kasravi also set conditions for the acceptance of Khuzestan, and when he was accepted, Kasravi also agreed to go to Khuzestan. Before leaving, he met Reza Khan Sardar Sepah for the first time. Sardar Sepah entrusted Kasravi to establish a judiciary that would be superior to the British judiciary on the other side of the [Arvand River](/wiki/Shatt_al-Arab \"Shatt al-Arab\"). Kasravi also set off and reached Khuzestan via Iraq ([Baghdad](/wiki/Baghdad \"Baghdad\") and [Basra](/wiki/Basra \"Basra\")). First, he went to [Khorramshahr](/wiki/Khorramshahr \"Khorramshahr\"), then in Abadan he met [Sheikh Khazal](/wiki/Khaz%CA%BDal_Ibn_Jabir \"Khazʽal Ibn Jabir\") in his special ship. From there, he sat on a device and went to [Ahvaz](/wiki/Ahvaz \"Ahvaz\"). Then it was difficult to go to Shushtar, which was the centre of Khuzestan at that time. Kasravi was surprised by the lack of interest in this city and its small size. There he learned that Khazal in Khuzestan did not dominate only Dezful, Shushtar and Ramhormoz, where he also bribed most government employees. Sheikh Khazal was also in the hands of mercenaries who, for example, had killed Sayyid Abdullah, one of the former heads of the judiciary, at the behest of one of these assassins. At this time, 250 Iranian troops were gathered in [Salasel](/wiki/Salasel_Castle \"Salasel Castle\") Fortress near [Shushtar](/wiki/Shushtar \"Shushtar\"), which was the only government force in Khuzestan at that time, and Sheikh Khazal had a separate government from the central government of Iran. Britain, which benefits many in Khuzestan, also supported Khazal. At this time, Reza Khan was thinking of restoring the central government's influence over this part of Iran.Kasravi, p. 242",
"At first, Khazal and his sons were pleased to know that Kasravi had knowledge of Arabic, but when Kasravi wrote in Arabic newspapers in response to Khuzestan's independent reading and called Khuzestan part of Iran, Khazal became angry with him. Kasravi visited [Susa](/wiki/Susa \"Susa\") and [Dezful](/wiki/Dezful \"Dezful\") in Khuzestan. He also saw the ruins of Jundishapur. In Khuzestan, when he became acquainted with the Arabs of that region, he knew that few people except his graduates were familiar with eloquent Arabic. He also knew that not all Arabs have a good relationship with Sheikh Khazal. At this time, Kasravi was constantly reporting to the Prime Minister on the critical situation in Khuzestan.kasravi, p. 243",
""
] |
### Joining the Democrat Party and post\-February events
It was at this time in 1917 that [Nicholas II](/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia "Nicholas II of Russia"), the last Russian tsar, was overthrown. This overthrow affected the time of Iran at that time, especially Tabriz, where the Russians were influential. Meanwhile, a street reopened the Democratic Party in Azerbaijan. At this time, according to Kasravi, some constitutionalists, who had suffered a great deal from others in the past six years, resorted to grudges that Kasravi tried to keep quiet and sheltered some of his former enemies. It was at this time that high schools opened and Kasravi was called to teach Arabic in high school. It was at this time that Kasravi joined the [Democrat Party](/wiki/Democrat_Party_%28Persia%29 "Democrat Party (Persia)").My Life, p. 100\-103
At this time, cholera spread in Tabriz and Kasravi also contracted the disease. Tabriz also suffered from drought. Under these circumstances, the government provided flour to the people, and the Democrats mediated the distribution of flour among the people. Kasravi also tried to do this in Hekmavar.
At the same time, [Bolsheviks](/wiki/Bolsheviks "Bolsheviks") were in power in Russia. There was chaos in Iran as well, especially in Azerbaijan. The retreating Russians looted and destroyed cities like Khoy. In Urmia and Salmas, the Assyrian uprising caused bloodshed. With the onset of winter, the government, which fed the meagre, got into trouble and reduced their rations. Then typhoid and typhoid diseases spread in Tabriz and left many dead. Meanwhile, one of Kasravi's brothers and niece also fell ill but recovered, but Kasravi's mother Khadijeh Khanum contracted typhus and did not recover and died. This incident upset Kasravi and he said it was the saddest event in his life after his father's death.
In 1918, [Ottoman](/wiki/Ottoman_Empire "Ottoman Empire") troops [invaded Azerbaijan](/wiki/Tabriz_during_World_War_I "Tabriz during World War I"). They were pessimistic about the Democrats, so they captured [Sheikh Mohammad Khayabani](/wiki/Mohammad_Khiabani "Mohammad Khiabani") and some of his allies and drove him out of Tabriz. The Ottomans formed a party in Tabriz called the [Islamic Union](/wiki/Islamic_Union_of_Iraqi_Turkoman "Islamic Union of Iraqi Turkoman"), which was joined by a group of Tabrizis as well as Democrats, but Kasravi did not join them. At this time, Kasravi, who had been in the hands of enemies for some time, saw better to change his place of life, so he moved to [Lilava](/wiki/Lilava "Lilava"), which was one of the best alleys in Tabriz at that time. At this time, Taqi Rifat, one of the street supporters, with the help of the Ottomans, founded a Turkish\-language newspaper called Azarbadegan, in which he promoted Pan\-Turkism. However, since World War I had led to the defeat of the Allies, in October of that year, the Ottoman troops left Tabriz and the Islamic Union collapsed. So Kasravi and the other Democrats reorganized their organization and expelled those who had collaborated with the Ottomans and tried to spread [Pan\-Turkism](/wiki/Pan-Turkism "Pan-Turkism"). They decided that from now on the party would use Persian language and one of its ideals would be to spread this language in Azerbaijan. In the meantime, Khiabani returned to Tabriz, but some of his actions, such as returning the expelled from the party and blaming others for his previous assassinations in Tabriz, angered the Democrats. In the meantime, Kasravi got bored and left the party. With the start of the fourth round of parliamentary elections on 21 July 1919, the street regrouped the Democrats and apologized for their previous actions, calling for the Democrats to show solidarity again; But still, Khiabani dictatorship annoyed Kasravi and others. At this time, [Vossug ed Dowleh](/wiki/Vossug_ed_Dowleh "Vossug ed Dowleh") signed the [1919 agreement](/wiki/Anglo-Persian_Agreement "Anglo-Persian Agreement") with Britain, but Mohammad Khiabani, contrary to the expectations of his allies, remained silent and did not act on it, which also increased the resentment of the Democrats. It was at this time that Kasravi began working in the judiciary (15 September 1919\).
At the same time, divisiveness among Democrats escalated, with Kasravi splitting from the party. In the last meeting that took place between Kasravi and Khayabani, the two talked loudly, and after that Kasravi did not meet with Khayabani anymore. However, in his biography, Kasravi has expressed his remorse for being so big against a man who was eighteen or seventeen years older than him.
Shortly afterwards, Mohammad Khiabani [revolted against the government](/wiki/Mohammad_Khiabani%27s_uprising "Mohammad Khiabani's uprising"). Kasravi and his companions disbanded their group, but Sheikh Khiabani pursued them and harassed a group of them. Kasravi also had to stay at home. After a few days, he had to go to Fakhrabad, a village two miles from Tabriz. Two weeks later, Major Edmund, the head of the British Political Bureau, called for a meeting with Kasravi. Kasravi went to the British Consulate in Tabriz and met with Major Edmund. According to Kasravi, Britain was concerned about the spread of Bolshevism, as [Mirza Kuchik Khan](/wiki/Mirza_Kuchik_Khan "Mirza Kuchik Khan") had allied himself with them, and Britain wanted to abandon the ideology of Sheikh Khiabani. Major Edmund wanted to incite Kasravi to pursue a street fight, but Kasravi refused and explained that firstly his group would not be able to confront the street sheikh and secondly that he would not face him because his uprising was for Azerbaijan. At the same time, the Prime Minister had received a coded telegram from the critics that if you rise up to fight the street sheikh, the government will help you, which was also not accepted. At that time, Kasravi had returned to Tabriz, but he and his friends were under pressure and threats.
When a group of Kasravi's companions were arrested in the prison of Sheikh Khayabani, Kasravi had to leave Tabriz with his wife, leaving the cities and diyats alone until he contracted a nausea fever in Shahindaj and stayed there for a month and a half. Because there was no doctor there, Kasravi went to Tehran sometime later.
In Tehran, Kasravi met with his companions who had been expelled from Tabriz by a street sheikh. Although his illness had not left him, he went in search of work. He was eventually accepted to teach Arabic at Servat High School. Meetings were held in Tehran and Kasravi was asked to fight in the streets, but Kasravi refrained from doing so. Meanwhile, Mukhbar al\-Saltanah, who had just become the governor of Azerbaijan, asked Kasravi to join him in quelling the street uprising, but Kasravi refused. Khiabani was killed two weeks later and the riot was suppressed.
|
[
"### Joining the Democrat Party and post\\-February events",
"It was at this time in 1917 that [Nicholas II](/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia \"Nicholas II of Russia\"), the last Russian tsar, was overthrown. This overthrow affected the time of Iran at that time, especially Tabriz, where the Russians were influential. Meanwhile, a street reopened the Democratic Party in Azerbaijan. At this time, according to Kasravi, some constitutionalists, who had suffered a great deal from others in the past six years, resorted to grudges that Kasravi tried to keep quiet and sheltered some of his former enemies. It was at this time that high schools opened and Kasravi was called to teach Arabic in high school. It was at this time that Kasravi joined the [Democrat Party](/wiki/Democrat_Party_%28Persia%29 \"Democrat Party (Persia)\").My Life, p. 100\\-103",
"At this time, cholera spread in Tabriz and Kasravi also contracted the disease. Tabriz also suffered from drought. Under these circumstances, the government provided flour to the people, and the Democrats mediated the distribution of flour among the people. Kasravi also tried to do this in Hekmavar.",
"At the same time, [Bolsheviks](/wiki/Bolsheviks \"Bolsheviks\") were in power in Russia. There was chaos in Iran as well, especially in Azerbaijan. The retreating Russians looted and destroyed cities like Khoy. In Urmia and Salmas, the Assyrian uprising caused bloodshed. With the onset of winter, the government, which fed the meagre, got into trouble and reduced their rations. Then typhoid and typhoid diseases spread in Tabriz and left many dead. Meanwhile, one of Kasravi's brothers and niece also fell ill but recovered, but Kasravi's mother Khadijeh Khanum contracted typhus and did not recover and died. This incident upset Kasravi and he said it was the saddest event in his life after his father's death.",
"In 1918, [Ottoman](/wiki/Ottoman_Empire \"Ottoman Empire\") troops [invaded Azerbaijan](/wiki/Tabriz_during_World_War_I \"Tabriz during World War I\"). They were pessimistic about the Democrats, so they captured [Sheikh Mohammad Khayabani](/wiki/Mohammad_Khiabani \"Mohammad Khiabani\") and some of his allies and drove him out of Tabriz. The Ottomans formed a party in Tabriz called the [Islamic Union](/wiki/Islamic_Union_of_Iraqi_Turkoman \"Islamic Union of Iraqi Turkoman\"), which was joined by a group of Tabrizis as well as Democrats, but Kasravi did not join them. At this time, Kasravi, who had been in the hands of enemies for some time, saw better to change his place of life, so he moved to [Lilava](/wiki/Lilava \"Lilava\"), which was one of the best alleys in Tabriz at that time. At this time, Taqi Rifat, one of the street supporters, with the help of the Ottomans, founded a Turkish\\-language newspaper called Azarbadegan, in which he promoted Pan\\-Turkism. However, since World War I had led to the defeat of the Allies, in October of that year, the Ottoman troops left Tabriz and the Islamic Union collapsed. So Kasravi and the other Democrats reorganized their organization and expelled those who had collaborated with the Ottomans and tried to spread [Pan\\-Turkism](/wiki/Pan-Turkism \"Pan-Turkism\"). They decided that from now on the party would use Persian language and one of its ideals would be to spread this language in Azerbaijan. In the meantime, Khiabani returned to Tabriz, but some of his actions, such as returning the expelled from the party and blaming others for his previous assassinations in Tabriz, angered the Democrats. In the meantime, Kasravi got bored and left the party. With the start of the fourth round of parliamentary elections on 21 July 1919, the street regrouped the Democrats and apologized for their previous actions, calling for the Democrats to show solidarity again; But still, Khiabani dictatorship annoyed Kasravi and others. At this time, [Vossug ed Dowleh](/wiki/Vossug_ed_Dowleh \"Vossug ed Dowleh\") signed the [1919 agreement](/wiki/Anglo-Persian_Agreement \"Anglo-Persian Agreement\") with Britain, but Mohammad Khiabani, contrary to the expectations of his allies, remained silent and did not act on it, which also increased the resentment of the Democrats. It was at this time that Kasravi began working in the judiciary (15 September 1919\\).",
"At the same time, divisiveness among Democrats escalated, with Kasravi splitting from the party. In the last meeting that took place between Kasravi and Khayabani, the two talked loudly, and after that Kasravi did not meet with Khayabani anymore. However, in his biography, Kasravi has expressed his remorse for being so big against a man who was eighteen or seventeen years older than him.",
"Shortly afterwards, Mohammad Khiabani [revolted against the government](/wiki/Mohammad_Khiabani%27s_uprising \"Mohammad Khiabani's uprising\"). Kasravi and his companions disbanded their group, but Sheikh Khiabani pursued them and harassed a group of them. Kasravi also had to stay at home. After a few days, he had to go to Fakhrabad, a village two miles from Tabriz. Two weeks later, Major Edmund, the head of the British Political Bureau, called for a meeting with Kasravi. Kasravi went to the British Consulate in Tabriz and met with Major Edmund. According to Kasravi, Britain was concerned about the spread of Bolshevism, as [Mirza Kuchik Khan](/wiki/Mirza_Kuchik_Khan \"Mirza Kuchik Khan\") had allied himself with them, and Britain wanted to abandon the ideology of Sheikh Khiabani. Major Edmund wanted to incite Kasravi to pursue a street fight, but Kasravi refused and explained that firstly his group would not be able to confront the street sheikh and secondly that he would not face him because his uprising was for Azerbaijan. At the same time, the Prime Minister had received a coded telegram from the critics that if you rise up to fight the street sheikh, the government will help you, which was also not accepted. At that time, Kasravi had returned to Tabriz, but he and his friends were under pressure and threats.",
"When a group of Kasravi's companions were arrested in the prison of Sheikh Khayabani, Kasravi had to leave Tabriz with his wife, leaving the cities and diyats alone until he contracted a nausea fever in Shahindaj and stayed there for a month and a half. Because there was no doctor there, Kasravi went to Tehran sometime later.",
"In Tehran, Kasravi met with his companions who had been expelled from Tabriz by a street sheikh. Although his illness had not left him, he went in search of work. He was eventually accepted to teach Arabic at Servat High School. Meetings were held in Tehran and Kasravi was asked to fight in the streets, but Kasravi refrained from doing so. Meanwhile, Mukhbar al\\-Saltanah, who had just become the governor of Azerbaijan, asked Kasravi to join him in quelling the street uprising, but Kasravi refused. Khiabani was killed two weeks later and the riot was suppressed.",
""
] |
Biography
---------
He was born around 1360 as the only son{{Cite web\|url\=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?id\=20437\|title\=Frankapan, Nikola IV. \| Hrvatska enciklopedija}} of [Ivan V Frankopan](/wiki/Ivan_V_Frankopan "Ivan V Frankopan") and his wife Anna, daughter of count [Meinhard of Gorizia](/wiki/Meinhard_VI_of_Gorizia "Meinhard VI of Gorizia"). After the death of his father in 1393, he inherited all of his estates and administered them together with his mother.Hrvatski biografski leksikon, pp. 418 During this time he is mentioned as duke of Krk and Modruš, and was also later confirmed as the duke of [Rab](/wiki/Rab_%28island%29 "Rab (island)"). His dominion was further extended with the purchase of [Ribnik](/wiki/Ribnik%2C_Croatia "Ribnik, Croatia"), near the town of [Ozalj](/wiki/Ozalj "Ozalj"), for 9000 ducats, from the nobleman Mikac Prodavić.
During the dynastic struggle for the Hungarian\-Croatian kingship, he was initially supportive of [Ladislaus of Naples](/wiki/Ladislaus_of_Naples "Ladislaus of Naples"), but from 1403, he sided with Sigismund. Two years later, he married his first wife Dorothea of [Gara](/wiki/Garai_family "Garai family"), who was the daughter of the [Palatine of Hungary](/wiki/Palatine_of_Hungary "Palatine of Hungary") [Nicholas Garay](/wiki/Nicholas_I_Garai "Nicholas I Garai"). In 1411, he made a pact with nobleman [Ivaniš Nelipić](/wiki/Ivani%C5%A1_Nelipi%C4%87 "Ivaniš Nelipić") against Ladislaus of Naples. In this pact, he bethrothed his eldest son [Ivan VI Frankopan](/wiki/Ivan_VI_Frankopan "Ivan VI Frankopan") to Ivaniš's daughter Catherine.
In the subsequent year, he initiated the reconstruction of the church of Saint Mary in today's Crikvenica and built the adjacent monastery. There he brought the members of the [Pauline Order](/wiki/Pauline_Order "Pauline Order") and granted them the monastery in a charter dated August 14, 1412 which is the oldest record of the towns name. The monastery was the center which connected the surrounding villages and from which today's town grew into.
His lands and estates were ravaged during the second war between the king and the [Republic of Venice](/wiki/Republic_of_Venice "Republic of Venice") which took place between 1418 and 1420\. He soon also came into conflict with the [Counts of Celje](/wiki/Count_of_Celje "Count of Celje"), who took parts of Nikola's lands by claiming dowry. This was eventually settled at the court of king Sigismund in [Buda](/wiki/Buda "Buda").{{cite web \| url\=http://www.geneall.net/W/per\_page.php?id\=223096 \| title\=Erzsébet von Frangepán \| Geneall.net }}
His domains included the Island of [Krk](/wiki/Krk "Krk"), the districts of [Vinodol](/wiki/Vinodol%2C_Croatia "Vinodol, Croatia"), Modruš, [Senj](/wiki/Senj "Senj"), [Gacka](/wiki/Gacka "Gacka"), and [Lika](/wiki/Lika "Lika") in Croatia. His properties also extended to the towns of [Cetin](/wiki/Cetin_Castle "Cetin Castle"), [Slunj](/wiki/Slunj "Slunj") and [Ozalj](/wiki/Ozalj "Ozalj") in Slavonia, bought from king Sigismund for 17,000 ducats in 1397\.Hrvatski biografski leksikon, Zagreb, 1998 pp. 418 Upon his appointment as Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia in 1426, king Sigismund pawned him in return for a loan of 28,000 ducats, the town of [Bihać](/wiki/Biha%C4%87 "Bihać") on [Una](/wiki/Una_%28Sava%29 "Una (Sava)") river, [Knin](/wiki/Knin "Knin"), Lapacgrad, [Vrlika](/wiki/Vrlika "Vrlika"), Ostrovica (near Bribir), [Skradin](/wiki/Skradin "Skradin"), the county of Luk between [Zrmanja](/wiki/Zrmanja "Zrmanja") and [Krka](/wiki/Krka_%28Croatia%29 "Krka (Croatia)") rivers and the district of Poljice.<http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/91085> {{Bare URL PDF\|date\=March 2022}}
He subsequently confirmed this in 1431, for another loan of 14,000 ducats.Hrvatski biografski leksikon, str. 419\. These acts brought the majority of the territories of the Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia into Nikola Frankopan's ownership, with the rest being the possession of the Nelipić and Kurjaković noble families.
In 1422, he took the surname Frangipani (Frankopan), which is what all his successors henceforth called themselves. Two years later he visited [Rome](/wiki/Rome "Rome") to have [pope Martin V](/wiki/Pope_Martin_V "Pope Martin V") confirm him as a legal descendant of the old Roman patrician family Frangipane, who in turn claimed to have descended from the ancient gentis Anici.Hrvatski biografski leksikon, pp. 419\. At this point, Nikola also had his family coat of arms altered for this purpose.
In [Slavonia](/wiki/Slavonia "Slavonia"), the authority of Ban was held by count [Hermann of Celje](/wiki/Hermann_II%2C_Count_of_Celje "Hermann II, Count of Celje") (Cilli) (1423–1435\), father\-in\-law of king Sigismund. Hermann was the master of a large part of Slavonia. The two powerful clans clashed because of family quarrels. Each of them had partisans among the powerful barons. Thus two factions were formed ready to start a bloody [feud](/wiki/Feud "Feud"). Those who sided with the [Counts of Celje](/wiki/Counts_of_Celje "Counts of Celje") (Cilli) strove to extend their sway also over Croatia and to annihilate the Frangipani family members as a way to over take their lands, titles and to shift the balance of power towards their favor.
The outbreak of civil war was prevented by Sigismund's return from abroad. Peace was further consolidated when Nikola died on June 26, 1432\. Some rumors were that he was murdered by opposing Barons loyal to Hermann II of Celje.
He was survived by nine sons and daughters. The founder of this branch of the Frangipani family supplied great leaders and Generals of [Croatian history](/wiki/Croatian_history "Croatian history"). Nikola Frankopan was very politically skillful. He arranged special marriages for his children and permanently set his family members in positions to look after the vast number of properties that he acquired. Their political opponents used propaganda to create strife for the family. Some of the accusations included that some family members had converted to [Islam](/wiki/Islam "Islam").
|
[
"Biography\n---------",
"He was born around 1360 as the only son{{Cite web\\|url\\=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?id\\=20437\\|title\\=Frankapan, Nikola IV. \\| Hrvatska enciklopedija}} of [Ivan V Frankopan](/wiki/Ivan_V_Frankopan \"Ivan V Frankopan\") and his wife Anna, daughter of count [Meinhard of Gorizia](/wiki/Meinhard_VI_of_Gorizia \"Meinhard VI of Gorizia\"). After the death of his father in 1393, he inherited all of his estates and administered them together with his mother.Hrvatski biografski leksikon, pp. 418 During this time he is mentioned as duke of Krk and Modruš, and was also later confirmed as the duke of [Rab](/wiki/Rab_%28island%29 \"Rab (island)\"). His dominion was further extended with the purchase of [Ribnik](/wiki/Ribnik%2C_Croatia \"Ribnik, Croatia\"), near the town of [Ozalj](/wiki/Ozalj \"Ozalj\"), for 9000 ducats, from the nobleman Mikac Prodavić.",
"During the dynastic struggle for the Hungarian\\-Croatian kingship, he was initially supportive of [Ladislaus of Naples](/wiki/Ladislaus_of_Naples \"Ladislaus of Naples\"), but from 1403, he sided with Sigismund. Two years later, he married his first wife Dorothea of [Gara](/wiki/Garai_family \"Garai family\"), who was the daughter of the [Palatine of Hungary](/wiki/Palatine_of_Hungary \"Palatine of Hungary\") [Nicholas Garay](/wiki/Nicholas_I_Garai \"Nicholas I Garai\"). In 1411, he made a pact with nobleman [Ivaniš Nelipić](/wiki/Ivani%C5%A1_Nelipi%C4%87 \"Ivaniš Nelipić\") against Ladislaus of Naples. In this pact, he bethrothed his eldest son [Ivan VI Frankopan](/wiki/Ivan_VI_Frankopan \"Ivan VI Frankopan\") to Ivaniš's daughter Catherine.",
"In the subsequent year, he initiated the reconstruction of the church of Saint Mary in today's Crikvenica and built the adjacent monastery. There he brought the members of the [Pauline Order](/wiki/Pauline_Order \"Pauline Order\") and granted them the monastery in a charter dated August 14, 1412 which is the oldest record of the towns name. The monastery was the center which connected the surrounding villages and from which today's town grew into.",
"His lands and estates were ravaged during the second war between the king and the [Republic of Venice](/wiki/Republic_of_Venice \"Republic of Venice\") which took place between 1418 and 1420\\. He soon also came into conflict with the [Counts of Celje](/wiki/Count_of_Celje \"Count of Celje\"), who took parts of Nikola's lands by claiming dowry. This was eventually settled at the court of king Sigismund in [Buda](/wiki/Buda \"Buda\").{{cite web \\| url\\=http://www.geneall.net/W/per\\_page.php?id\\=223096 \\| title\\=Erzsébet von Frangepán \\| Geneall.net }}",
"His domains included the Island of [Krk](/wiki/Krk \"Krk\"), the districts of [Vinodol](/wiki/Vinodol%2C_Croatia \"Vinodol, Croatia\"), Modruš, [Senj](/wiki/Senj \"Senj\"), [Gacka](/wiki/Gacka \"Gacka\"), and [Lika](/wiki/Lika \"Lika\") in Croatia. His properties also extended to the towns of [Cetin](/wiki/Cetin_Castle \"Cetin Castle\"), [Slunj](/wiki/Slunj \"Slunj\") and [Ozalj](/wiki/Ozalj \"Ozalj\") in Slavonia, bought from king Sigismund for 17,000 ducats in 1397\\.Hrvatski biografski leksikon, Zagreb, 1998 pp. 418 Upon his appointment as Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia in 1426, king Sigismund pawned him in return for a loan of 28,000 ducats, the town of [Bihać](/wiki/Biha%C4%87 \"Bihać\") on [Una](/wiki/Una_%28Sava%29 \"Una (Sava)\") river, [Knin](/wiki/Knin \"Knin\"), Lapacgrad, [Vrlika](/wiki/Vrlika \"Vrlika\"), Ostrovica (near Bribir), [Skradin](/wiki/Skradin \"Skradin\"), the county of Luk between [Zrmanja](/wiki/Zrmanja \"Zrmanja\") and [Krka](/wiki/Krka_%28Croatia%29 \"Krka (Croatia)\") rivers and the district of Poljice.<http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/91085> {{Bare URL PDF\\|date\\=March 2022}}\nHe subsequently confirmed this in 1431, for another loan of 14,000 ducats.Hrvatski biografski leksikon, str. 419\\. These acts brought the majority of the territories of the Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia into Nikola Frankopan's ownership, with the rest being the possession of the Nelipić and Kurjaković noble families.",
"In 1422, he took the surname Frangipani (Frankopan), which is what all his successors henceforth called themselves. Two years later he visited [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") to have [pope Martin V](/wiki/Pope_Martin_V \"Pope Martin V\") confirm him as a legal descendant of the old Roman patrician family Frangipane, who in turn claimed to have descended from the ancient gentis Anici.Hrvatski biografski leksikon, pp. 419\\. At this point, Nikola also had his family coat of arms altered for this purpose.",
"In [Slavonia](/wiki/Slavonia \"Slavonia\"), the authority of Ban was held by count [Hermann of Celje](/wiki/Hermann_II%2C_Count_of_Celje \"Hermann II, Count of Celje\") (Cilli) (1423–1435\\), father\\-in\\-law of king Sigismund. Hermann was the master of a large part of Slavonia. The two powerful clans clashed because of family quarrels. Each of them had partisans among the powerful barons. Thus two factions were formed ready to start a bloody [feud](/wiki/Feud \"Feud\"). Those who sided with the [Counts of Celje](/wiki/Counts_of_Celje \"Counts of Celje\") (Cilli) strove to extend their sway also over Croatia and to annihilate the Frangipani family members as a way to over take their lands, titles and to shift the balance of power towards their favor.",
"The outbreak of civil war was prevented by Sigismund's return from abroad. Peace was further consolidated when Nikola died on June 26, 1432\\. Some rumors were that he was murdered by opposing Barons loyal to Hermann II of Celje.",
"He was survived by nine sons and daughters. The founder of this branch of the Frangipani family supplied great leaders and Generals of [Croatian history](/wiki/Croatian_history \"Croatian history\"). Nikola Frankopan was very politically skillful. He arranged special marriages for his children and permanently set his family members in positions to look after the vast number of properties that he acquired. Their political opponents used propaganda to create strife for the family. Some of the accusations included that some family members had converted to [Islam](/wiki/Islam \"Islam\").",
""
] |
History
-------
At its grand opening in 1970, it was known as Midway Mall. It was built by local developer G. C. Evans.{{cite news \| url\=https://www.newspapers.com/image/636253068/ \| title\=Woolco opening is set for 144th in chain \| work\=The Miami News \| date\=September 16, 1970 \| accessdate\=January 8, 2022 \| pages\=6C}} The name change to Mall of the Americas took place in December 1987\.["MIDWAY MALL CHANGES NAME, IMAGE DEVELOPERS HOPE TO LURE NEW SHOPPERS"](http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&s_site=miami&p_multi=MH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB368ACC08D4981&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM), *[Miami Herald](/wiki/The_Miami_Herald "The Miami Herald")*, 1987\-12\-24\. Retrieved on 2009\-08\-06\.
Former anchor department stores included Richard's, [Jefferson Ward](/wiki/Jefferson_Ward "Jefferson Ward"), and [Woolco](/wiki/Woolco "Woolco"), all of which closed in the 1980s.{{cite news\|url\=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl\-search/we/Archives?p\_product\=MH\&s\_site\=miami\&p\_multi\=MH\&p\_theme\=realcities\&p\_action\=search\&p\_maxdocs\=200\&p\_topdoc\=1\&p\_text\_direct\-0\=0EB33A1FCA894121\&p\_field\_direct\-0\=document\_id\&p\_perpage\=10\&p\_sort\=YMD\_date:D\&s\_trackval\=GooglePM\|title\=Retail redo: New money pursues profits in old centers\|date\=14 November 1988\|work\=The Miami Herald\|access\-date\=15 August 2011}} The Woolco store was converted in 1983 to a discount clothing store called Winston's.{{cite news\|url\=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl\-search/we/Archives?p\_product\=MH\&s\_site\=miami\&p\_multi\=MH\&p\_theme\=realcities\&p\_action\=search\&p\_maxdocs\=200\&p\_topdoc\=1\&p\_text\_direct\-0\=0EB35E0E479199C4\&p\_field\_direct\-0\=document\_id\&p\_perpage\=10\&p\_sort\=YMD\_date:D\&s\_trackval\=GooglePM\|title\=Midway Mall opens first of off\-price sales stores\|date\=10 November 1983\|work\=The Miami Herald\|access\-date\=15 August 2011}}
After falling to 30 percent occupancy, the mall was re\-tenanted to target a middle\-class [Latin American](/wiki/Latin_American "Latin American") clientele. This renovation added discount anchors such as [Marshalls](/wiki/Marshalls "Marshalls"),{{cite web\|url\=http://articles.sun\-sentinel.com/1990\-07\-16/business/9002040300\_1\_individual\-malls\-aventura\-mall\-jim\-schlesinger\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915015006/http://articles.sun\-sentinel.com/1990\-07\-16/business/9002040300\_1\_individual\-malls\-aventura\-mall\-jim\-schlesinger\|url\-status\=dead\|archive\-date\=September 15, 2012\|title\=Controlled Access Opens Doors For Mall\|last\=Altaner\|first\=David\|date\=16 July 1990\|work\=The Sun\-Sentinel\|access\-date\=15 August 2011}} plus an L. Luria \& Sons and [The Home Depot](/wiki/The_Home_Depot "The Home Depot"), the latter of which took the former Woolco after Winston's closed.{{cite news\|url\=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl\-search/we/Archives?p\_product\=MH\&s\_site\=miami\&p\_multi\=MH\&p\_theme\=realcities\&p\_action\=search\&p\_maxdocs\=200\&p\_topdoc\=1\&p\_text\_direct\-0\=0EB367E249D4BE1F\&p\_field\_direct\-0\=document\_id\&p\_perpage\=10\&p\_sort\=YMD\_date:D\&s\_trackval\=GooglePM\|title\=Overhauled Midway markets a new image\|date\=31 August 1987\|work\=The Miami Herald\|access\-date\=15 August 2011}} The mall was also renamed Mall of the Americas, and an eight\-screen [AMC Theatres](/wiki/AMC_Theatres "AMC Theatres") multiplex was added. AMC added six additional screens.{{cite news\|url\=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl\-search/we/Archives?p\_product\=MH\&s\_site\=miami\&p\_multi\=MH\&p\_theme\=realcities\&p\_action\=search\&p\_maxdocs\=200\&p\_topdoc\=1\&p\_text\_direct\-0\=0EB368ACC08D4981\&p\_field\_direct\-0\=document\_id\&p\_perpage\=10\&p\_sort\=YMD\_date:D\&s\_trackval\=GooglePM\|title\=Midway Mall changes name, image\|date\=24 December 1987\|work\=The Miami Herald\|access\-date\=15 August 2011}} Another notable tenant after the redevelopment was the first [Forever 21](/wiki/Forever_21 "Forever 21") clothing store outside the chain's home base of California, however it is now closed.{{cite web\|title\=Steal This Look: Will a wave of piracy lawsuits bring down Forever 21?\|first\=Jeff \|last\=Koyen\|publisher\= \[\[Radar Magazine]] \|url\=http://sit\-back\-relax.tressugar.com/interesting\-story\-Forever\-21\-1074976\|access\-date\=2010\-08\-27\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011093206/http://sit\-back\-relax.tressugar.com/interesting\-story\-Forever\-21\-1074976\|archive\-date\=2010\-10\-11\|url\-status\=dead}} Other retailers now at the mall include [Old Navy](/wiki/Old_Navy "Old Navy") Outlet, [Ross Dress for Less](/wiki/Ross_Dress_for_Less "Ross Dress for Less") and 14\-screen [AMC Theatres](/wiki/AMC_Theatres "AMC Theatres") at the north end of the mall.
There is also Santa Cruz Furniture Store on the 2nd floor at the south end of the mall that was opened in the 1980s till the mid\-1990s as it was replaced by [TigerDirect](/wiki/TigerDirect "TigerDirect") office.
Tico Clothing store used to be located on the north side of the mall in 1980s till it was relocated to the south of the mall in the early 1990s as the Home Depot extends. In the mid\-1990s, it was closed for [TigerDirect](/wiki/TigerDirect "TigerDirect") store to take over.
Luria's the Jewelry and Gifts store closed in mid\-1990s at the south end of the mall and replaced by [Ross Dress for Less](/wiki/Ross_Dress_for_Less "Ross Dress for Less")
The Home Depot moved to a new stand\-alone building in 2003\. There is also a [TigerDirect](/wiki/TigerDirect "TigerDirect") store on the side of the mall that [Burlington Coat Factory](/wiki/Burlington_Coat_Factory "Burlington Coat Factory") occupies. In 2010, the Tiger Direct outlet moved from the right of their corporate headquarters to the left, to allow mall access directly across from Ross. Two of the secondary entrances to the mall have several [strip mall](/wiki/Strip_mall "Strip mall") type stores near them that also have no mall access. In October 2015, it was announced that part of the north wing of the mall would be demolished to make room for Costco Wholesale, which is relocating to the mall.{{cite web \|url\=http://malloftheamericas.com/2015/10/costco\-is\-coming\-to\-mall\-of\-the\-americas/ \|title\=Costco is coming to Mall of the Americas \| Mall of the Americas \|access\-date\=2015\-12\-11 \|url\-status\=dead \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209164923/http://malloftheamericas.com/2015/10/costco\-is\-coming\-to\-mall\-of\-the\-americas/ \|archive\-date\=2015\-12\-09 }} As a result, the AMC Theatres closed in December 2015\.
In 2015, Casa Lario’s, a Cuban restaurant located in the E84 building, closed.
As of June 1, 2016, the north wing of the mall has been demolished, and a newly constructed Costco building and gas station stand in its place.
In early 2017, Chuy’s Tex\-Mex, a Mexican Restaurant, opened in the building once held by Casa Lario’s. In winter of 2017, the restaurant closed permanently.
On August 13, 2009, a 43\-year\-old woman set herself on fire at the mall, leading to its temporary closure.
In light of a major renovation planned by the mall, the name of the mall was changed to “Midway Crossings”. As part of the major renovations currently underway, there are several construction projects ongoing. There is an [Aldi](/wiki/Aldi "Aldi") under construction in the East wing of the mall, next to the Burlington.
There is currently a Micro Center Electronics Store under construction on the North Side of the Mall.[https://www.sterlingorganization.com/properties/midway\-crossings/](https://www.sterlingorganization.com/properties/midway-crossings/)
In mid May 2023, an Outback Steakhouse opened in the building in which Chuy’s Mexican once occupied back in 2017\. This, along with the construction of Aldi’s and Micro Center, are all part of the renovation that the mall is currently undergoing. [https://www.sterlingorganization.com/properties/midway\-crossings/](https://www.sterlingorganization.com/properties/midway-crossings/)
|
[
"History\n-------",
"At its grand opening in 1970, it was known as Midway Mall. It was built by local developer G. C. Evans.{{cite news \\| url\\=https://www.newspapers.com/image/636253068/ \\| title\\=Woolco opening is set for 144th in chain \\| work\\=The Miami News \\| date\\=September 16, 1970 \\| accessdate\\=January 8, 2022 \\| pages\\=6C}} The name change to Mall of the Americas took place in December 1987\\.[\"MIDWAY MALL CHANGES NAME, IMAGE DEVELOPERS HOPE TO LURE NEW SHOPPERS\"](http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&s_site=miami&p_multi=MH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB368ACC08D4981&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM), *[Miami Herald](/wiki/The_Miami_Herald \"The Miami Herald\")*, 1987\\-12\\-24\\. Retrieved on 2009\\-08\\-06\\.",
"Former anchor department stores included Richard's, [Jefferson Ward](/wiki/Jefferson_Ward \"Jefferson Ward\"), and [Woolco](/wiki/Woolco \"Woolco\"), all of which closed in the 1980s.{{cite news\\|url\\=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl\\-search/we/Archives?p\\_product\\=MH\\&s\\_site\\=miami\\&p\\_multi\\=MH\\&p\\_theme\\=realcities\\&p\\_action\\=search\\&p\\_maxdocs\\=200\\&p\\_topdoc\\=1\\&p\\_text\\_direct\\-0\\=0EB33A1FCA894121\\&p\\_field\\_direct\\-0\\=document\\_id\\&p\\_perpage\\=10\\&p\\_sort\\=YMD\\_date:D\\&s\\_trackval\\=GooglePM\\|title\\=Retail redo: New money pursues profits in old centers\\|date\\=14 November 1988\\|work\\=The Miami Herald\\|access\\-date\\=15 August 2011}} The Woolco store was converted in 1983 to a discount clothing store called Winston's.{{cite news\\|url\\=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl\\-search/we/Archives?p\\_product\\=MH\\&s\\_site\\=miami\\&p\\_multi\\=MH\\&p\\_theme\\=realcities\\&p\\_action\\=search\\&p\\_maxdocs\\=200\\&p\\_topdoc\\=1\\&p\\_text\\_direct\\-0\\=0EB35E0E479199C4\\&p\\_field\\_direct\\-0\\=document\\_id\\&p\\_perpage\\=10\\&p\\_sort\\=YMD\\_date:D\\&s\\_trackval\\=GooglePM\\|title\\=Midway Mall opens first of off\\-price sales stores\\|date\\=10 November 1983\\|work\\=The Miami Herald\\|access\\-date\\=15 August 2011}}",
"After falling to 30 percent occupancy, the mall was re\\-tenanted to target a middle\\-class [Latin American](/wiki/Latin_American \"Latin American\") clientele. This renovation added discount anchors such as [Marshalls](/wiki/Marshalls \"Marshalls\"),{{cite web\\|url\\=http://articles.sun\\-sentinel.com/1990\\-07\\-16/business/9002040300\\_1\\_individual\\-malls\\-aventura\\-mall\\-jim\\-schlesinger\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915015006/http://articles.sun\\-sentinel.com/1990\\-07\\-16/business/9002040300\\_1\\_individual\\-malls\\-aventura\\-mall\\-jim\\-schlesinger\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|archive\\-date\\=September 15, 2012\\|title\\=Controlled Access Opens Doors For Mall\\|last\\=Altaner\\|first\\=David\\|date\\=16 July 1990\\|work\\=The Sun\\-Sentinel\\|access\\-date\\=15 August 2011}} plus an L. Luria \\& Sons and [The Home Depot](/wiki/The_Home_Depot \"The Home Depot\"), the latter of which took the former Woolco after Winston's closed.{{cite news\\|url\\=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl\\-search/we/Archives?p\\_product\\=MH\\&s\\_site\\=miami\\&p\\_multi\\=MH\\&p\\_theme\\=realcities\\&p\\_action\\=search\\&p\\_maxdocs\\=200\\&p\\_topdoc\\=1\\&p\\_text\\_direct\\-0\\=0EB367E249D4BE1F\\&p\\_field\\_direct\\-0\\=document\\_id\\&p\\_perpage\\=10\\&p\\_sort\\=YMD\\_date:D\\&s\\_trackval\\=GooglePM\\|title\\=Overhauled Midway markets a new image\\|date\\=31 August 1987\\|work\\=The Miami Herald\\|access\\-date\\=15 August 2011}} The mall was also renamed Mall of the Americas, and an eight\\-screen [AMC Theatres](/wiki/AMC_Theatres \"AMC Theatres\") multiplex was added. AMC added six additional screens.{{cite news\\|url\\=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl\\-search/we/Archives?p\\_product\\=MH\\&s\\_site\\=miami\\&p\\_multi\\=MH\\&p\\_theme\\=realcities\\&p\\_action\\=search\\&p\\_maxdocs\\=200\\&p\\_topdoc\\=1\\&p\\_text\\_direct\\-0\\=0EB368ACC08D4981\\&p\\_field\\_direct\\-0\\=document\\_id\\&p\\_perpage\\=10\\&p\\_sort\\=YMD\\_date:D\\&s\\_trackval\\=GooglePM\\|title\\=Midway Mall changes name, image\\|date\\=24 December 1987\\|work\\=The Miami Herald\\|access\\-date\\=15 August 2011}} Another notable tenant after the redevelopment was the first [Forever 21](/wiki/Forever_21 \"Forever 21\") clothing store outside the chain's home base of California, however it is now closed.{{cite web\\|title\\=Steal This Look: Will a wave of piracy lawsuits bring down Forever 21?\\|first\\=Jeff \\|last\\=Koyen\\|publisher\\= \\[\\[Radar Magazine]] \\|url\\=http://sit\\-back\\-relax.tressugar.com/interesting\\-story\\-Forever\\-21\\-1074976\\|access\\-date\\=2010\\-08\\-27\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011093206/http://sit\\-back\\-relax.tressugar.com/interesting\\-story\\-Forever\\-21\\-1074976\\|archive\\-date\\=2010\\-10\\-11\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} Other retailers now at the mall include [Old Navy](/wiki/Old_Navy \"Old Navy\") Outlet, [Ross Dress for Less](/wiki/Ross_Dress_for_Less \"Ross Dress for Less\") and 14\\-screen [AMC Theatres](/wiki/AMC_Theatres \"AMC Theatres\") at the north end of the mall.",
"There is also Santa Cruz Furniture Store on the 2nd floor at the south end of the mall that was opened in the 1980s till the mid\\-1990s as it was replaced by [TigerDirect](/wiki/TigerDirect \"TigerDirect\") office.",
"Tico Clothing store used to be located on the north side of the mall in 1980s till it was relocated to the south of the mall in the early 1990s as the Home Depot extends. In the mid\\-1990s, it was closed for [TigerDirect](/wiki/TigerDirect \"TigerDirect\") store to take over.",
"Luria's the Jewelry and Gifts store closed in mid\\-1990s at the south end of the mall and replaced by [Ross Dress for Less](/wiki/Ross_Dress_for_Less \"Ross Dress for Less\")",
"The Home Depot moved to a new stand\\-alone building in 2003\\. There is also a [TigerDirect](/wiki/TigerDirect \"TigerDirect\") store on the side of the mall that [Burlington Coat Factory](/wiki/Burlington_Coat_Factory \"Burlington Coat Factory\") occupies. In 2010, the Tiger Direct outlet moved from the right of their corporate headquarters to the left, to allow mall access directly across from Ross. Two of the secondary entrances to the mall have several [strip mall](/wiki/Strip_mall \"Strip mall\") type stores near them that also have no mall access. In October 2015, it was announced that part of the north wing of the mall would be demolished to make room for Costco Wholesale, which is relocating to the mall.{{cite web \\|url\\=http://malloftheamericas.com/2015/10/costco\\-is\\-coming\\-to\\-mall\\-of\\-the\\-americas/ \\|title\\=Costco is coming to Mall of the Americas \\| Mall of the Americas \\|access\\-date\\=2015\\-12\\-11 \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209164923/http://malloftheamericas.com/2015/10/costco\\-is\\-coming\\-to\\-mall\\-of\\-the\\-americas/ \\|archive\\-date\\=2015\\-12\\-09 }} As a result, the AMC Theatres closed in December 2015\\.",
"In 2015, Casa Lario’s, a Cuban restaurant located in the E84 building, closed.",
"As of June 1, 2016, the north wing of the mall has been demolished, and a newly constructed Costco building and gas station stand in its place.",
"In early 2017, Chuy’s Tex\\-Mex, a Mexican Restaurant, opened in the building once held by Casa Lario’s. In winter of 2017, the restaurant closed permanently.",
"On August 13, 2009, a 43\\-year\\-old woman set herself on fire at the mall, leading to its temporary closure.",
"In light of a major renovation planned by the mall, the name of the mall was changed to “Midway Crossings”. As part of the major renovations currently underway, there are several construction projects ongoing. There is an [Aldi](/wiki/Aldi \"Aldi\") under construction in the East wing of the mall, next to the Burlington.",
"There is currently a Micro Center Electronics Store under construction on the North Side of the Mall.[https://www.sterlingorganization.com/properties/midway\\-crossings/](https://www.sterlingorganization.com/properties/midway-crossings/)",
"In mid May 2023, an Outback Steakhouse opened in the building in which Chuy’s Mexican once occupied back in 2017\\. This, along with the construction of Aldi’s and Micro Center, are all part of the renovation that the mall is currently undergoing. [https://www.sterlingorganization.com/properties/midway\\-crossings/](https://www.sterlingorganization.com/properties/midway-crossings/)",
""
] |
Envoy’s Workplan
----------------
The work\-plan of the Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth responds to the UN Secretary\-General’s Five\-year Action Agenda and is guided by the World Programme of Action for Youth. It outlines 4 priority areas: Participation, Advocacy, Partnerships and Harmonization. In addition, the focus of the Envoy's office is placed on employment and civic engagement while ensuring the integration of a gender perspective across all work areas. In parallel, the Envoy's office supports the Education First Initiative and the planned activities in relation to youth and education.
Under each priority area of the work plan, the Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth has outlined a set of goals and actions.
Firstly, in relation to the Participation priority, the main goal is to increase youth accessibility to the UN through promoting structured mechanisms. To this end the office is promoting the establishment of the UN Panel on Youth. It is supporting the first ever Regional Economic and Social Committee ([ECOSOC](/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council "United Nations Economic and Social Council")) Youth Forums, and the Global ECOSOC Youth Forum. In addition, the Envoy works on encouraging the Resident Coordinators and UN Country Teams to establish National Youth Advisory Groups to engage youth in the preparation of the [UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF)](/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Assistance_Framework "United Nations Development Assistance Framework"), and regularly partners with the [United Nations Major Group for Children and Youth](/wiki/United_Nations_Major_Group_for_Children_and_Youth "United Nations Major Group for Children and Youth"). The Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth encourages more governments to participate in the UN Youth Delegate Programme. The Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth also provides support for the new United Nations Volunteers (UNV) Youth modality. Further, the Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth works on creating and maintaining active channels of communication between youth\-led organizations and the United Nations, as well as to enhance youth access to information related to the United Nations’ work on youth.
Secondly, under the Advocacy priority area, the Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth promotes stronger youth participation in setting, implementing and evaluating the various development frameworks and increase international awareness and attention to youth issues. The Envoy has pledged to advocate for a youth\-friendly Post\-2015 Development Agenda and is utilizing various platforms to advocate for a stronger youth agenda at the national, regional and international levels. In addition, the Envoy's Office has deployed traditional and new media tools to advocate for stronger youth participation with a special focus on marginalized youth and young women and girls.
Thirdly, in regard to the priority area of Partnerships, the Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth engages with Member States, the private sector, academic institutions, media and civil society, including youth\-led organizations in the UN programmes on youth and facilitates multi\-stakeholder partnerships on youth issues. The Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth coordinates closely with Member States to further support youth issues and reinforce a youth perspective in relevant resolutions. The Envoys office also supports evidence\-based research on youth issues, networking of youth\-led organizations and works on building a global coalition for youth rights.
Fourthly, in terms of the Harmonization priority area, the Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth works as a catalyst to enhance the coordination and harmonization of youth programming among UN agencies. The actions toward this priority include the promotion of the implementation of the World Programme of Action for Youth, working closely with the UN Inter\-Agency Network on Youth Development and support for the establishment of inter\-agency networks at the regional and national levels. Moreover, the Envoys Office supports the implementation of the System Wide Action Plan on Youth and enhances the communications and the flow of information between UN agencies and youth.
|
[
"Envoy’s Workplan\n----------------",
"The work\\-plan of the Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth responds to the UN Secretary\\-General’s Five\\-year Action Agenda and is guided by the World Programme of Action for Youth. It outlines 4 priority areas: Participation, Advocacy, Partnerships and Harmonization. In addition, the focus of the Envoy's office is placed on employment and civic engagement while ensuring the integration of a gender perspective across all work areas. In parallel, the Envoy's office supports the Education First Initiative and the planned activities in relation to youth and education.",
"Under each priority area of the work plan, the Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth has outlined a set of goals and actions.",
"Firstly, in relation to the Participation priority, the main goal is to increase youth accessibility to the UN through promoting structured mechanisms. To this end the office is promoting the establishment of the UN Panel on Youth. It is supporting the first ever Regional Economic and Social Committee ([ECOSOC](/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council \"United Nations Economic and Social Council\")) Youth Forums, and the Global ECOSOC Youth Forum. In addition, the Envoy works on encouraging the Resident Coordinators and UN Country Teams to establish National Youth Advisory Groups to engage youth in the preparation of the [UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF)](/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Assistance_Framework \"United Nations Development Assistance Framework\"), and regularly partners with the [United Nations Major Group for Children and Youth](/wiki/United_Nations_Major_Group_for_Children_and_Youth \"United Nations Major Group for Children and Youth\"). The Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth encourages more governments to participate in the UN Youth Delegate Programme. The Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth also provides support for the new United Nations Volunteers (UNV) Youth modality. Further, the Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth works on creating and maintaining active channels of communication between youth\\-led organizations and the United Nations, as well as to enhance youth access to information related to the United Nations’ work on youth.",
"Secondly, under the Advocacy priority area, the Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth promotes stronger youth participation in setting, implementing and evaluating the various development frameworks and increase international awareness and attention to youth issues. The Envoy has pledged to advocate for a youth\\-friendly Post\\-2015 Development Agenda and is utilizing various platforms to advocate for a stronger youth agenda at the national, regional and international levels. In addition, the Envoy's Office has deployed traditional and new media tools to advocate for stronger youth participation with a special focus on marginalized youth and young women and girls.",
"Thirdly, in regard to the priority area of Partnerships, the Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth engages with Member States, the private sector, academic institutions, media and civil society, including youth\\-led organizations in the UN programmes on youth and facilitates multi\\-stakeholder partnerships on youth issues. The Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth coordinates closely with Member States to further support youth issues and reinforce a youth perspective in relevant resolutions. The Envoys office also supports evidence\\-based research on youth issues, networking of youth\\-led organizations and works on building a global coalition for youth rights.",
"Fourthly, in terms of the Harmonization priority area, the Office of the Secretary General's Envoy on Youth works as a catalyst to enhance the coordination and harmonization of youth programming among UN agencies. The actions toward this priority include the promotion of the implementation of the World Programme of Action for Youth, working closely with the UN Inter\\-Agency Network on Youth Development and support for the establishment of inter\\-agency networks at the regional and national levels. Moreover, the Envoys Office supports the implementation of the System Wide Action Plan on Youth and enhances the communications and the flow of information between UN agencies and youth.",
""
] |
Playing career
--------------
### Early play in Russia
Datsyuk was first noticed by [Detroit Red Wings](/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings "Detroit Red Wings") Director of European Scouting [Håkan Andersson](/wiki/H%C3%A5kan_Andersson_%28ice_hockey%29 "Håkan Andersson (ice hockey)") in the summer of 1997–98\.{{specify\|date\=February 2017}}{{cite news\|url\=http://www.freep.com/article/20090416/COL01/904160395/\|title\=Pavel Datsyuk reveals a deeper, thoughtful, funny side using native tongue\|last\=Albom\|first\=Mitch\|date\=16 April 2009\|newspaper\=The Detroit Free Press\|page\=5\|access\-date\=7 May 2009}} Andersson was in Moscow to scout defenceman [Dmitri Kalinin](/wiki/Dmitri_Kalinin "Dmitri Kalinin"), but the one who caught his eye was Datsyuk, described as "this little guy on the other team." Andersson made another trip to see Datsyuk and would have gone a third time, though his flight was canceled due to a storm. A scout from the [Calgary Flames](/wiki/Calgary_Flames "Calgary Flames") was scheduled to fly on the plane as well,{{Cite web\|url\=https://www.si.com/nhl/2015/03/19/hakan\-andersson\-detroit\-red\-wings\-scout\-sports\-illustrated\-feature\-story\|title\=Inside the life of Red Wings superscout Hakan Andersson\|website\=SI.com\|date\=19 March 2015 \|access\-date\=2019\-08\-09}} and as a result of the storm Andersson believes he was the only NHL scout to have seen Datsyuk play prior to the [1998 NHL Entry Draft](/wiki/1998_NHL_Entry_Draft "1998 NHL Entry Draft"), when the Red Wings drafted him 171st overall.
### Detroit Red Wings (2001–2016\)
#### 2001–2006: Early years, first Stanley Cup title
When Datsyuk began his NHL career for the Red Wings, he was mentored by compatriot stars [Igor Larionov](/wiki/Igor_Larionov "Igor Larionov") and [Sergei Fedorov](/wiki/Sergei_Fedorov "Sergei Fedorov"), as well as Detroit captain [Steve Yzerman](/wiki/Steve_Yzerman "Steve Yzerman"). He was put on a line with [Brett Hull](/wiki/Brett_Hull "Brett Hull") and [Boyd Devereaux](/wiki/Boyd_Devereaux "Boyd Devereaux") and had a moderately productive first year. The length and difficulty of the NHL season forced him to sit out a number of games at the end of the year in preparation for the [2002 playoffs](/wiki/2002_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2002 Stanley Cup playoffs"). After the Red Wings won the [Presidents' Trophy](/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy "Presidents' Trophy") as the regular season champions, Datsyuk contributed three goals and three assists to the Red Wings' [2002 Stanley Cup](/wiki/2002_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2002 Stanley Cup playoffs") run.
Expectations were high for Datsyuk's [second season](/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303_Detroit_Red_Wings_season "2002–03 Detroit Red Wings season"), particularly with the addition of another highly touted prospect to the team, [Henrik Zetterberg](/wiki/Henrik_Zetterberg "Henrik Zetterberg"). Zetterberg replaced Boyd Devereaux on the Datsyuk–Hull line, and the famous version of the "[Two Kids and an Old Goat Line](/wiki/List_of_ice_hockey_line_nicknames%23Current%2C_short-lived_and/or_novelty_lines "List of ice hockey line nicknames#Current, short-lived and/or novelty lines")" was born. He played only 64 games due to a knee injury but ended up with 51 points for the season. His playoff performance was disappointing, however, the same as the entire Red Wings team; Detroit was swept by the [Mighty Ducks of Anaheim](/wiki/Mighty_Ducks_of_Anaheim "Mighty Ducks of Anaheim") in the first round of the [2003 playoffs](/wiki/2003_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2003 Stanley Cup playoffs"), and Datsyuk was held pointless within the four games played.
The departure of Sergei Fedorov in the 2003 off\-season made room for Datsyuk to rise to prominence on the Red Wings.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/20/sports/hockey\-fedorov\-leaves\-wings\-to\-sign\-with\-ducks.html \|title\=HOCKEY; Fedorov Leaves Wings To Sign With Ducks
\|website\=The New York Times \|date\=July 20, 2003 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} He took full advantage of his elevated ice time, where his playmaking skills earned him a spot in the [2004 NHL All\-Star Game](/wiki/54th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game "54th National Hockey League All-Star Game"). Datsyuk finished the [2003–04 season](/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_NHL_season "2003–04 NHL season") with 30 goals and 38 assists for 68 points in 75 games as the Red Wings won the Presidents' Trophy. In the [2004 playoffs](/wiki/2004_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2004 Stanley Cup playoffs"), he had no goals and six assists through 12 games before Detroit was eliminated in the second round by the [Calgary Flames](/wiki/Calgary_Flames "Calgary Flames").
Datsyuk became a [restricted free agent](/wiki/Restricted_free_agent "Restricted free agent") during the 2004–05 off\-season but could not reach a deal with the Red Wings despite repeated statements by his agent, Gary Greenstin, indicating his desire to stay in Detroit. He chose not to take the salary dispute to arbitration, and instead played with [Dynamo Moscow](/wiki/HC_Dynamo_Moscow "HC Dynamo Moscow") during the [2004–05 NHL lockout](/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout "2004–05 NHL lockout"). On 4 September 2005, Datsyuk then signed a one\-year contract with [Avangard Omsk](/wiki/Avangard_Omsk "Avangard Omsk") of the [Russian Superleague](/wiki/Russian_Superleague "Russian Superleague") (RSL),{{cite news\|url\=http://www.detnews.com/2005/wings/0509/06/D01\-304766\.htm\|title\=Russian team signs Datsyuk\|access\-date\=11 February 2007\|newspaper\=The Detroit News\|year\=2005\|author\=Kulfan, Ted}} where Dynamo Moscow matched the offer two days later, retaining the player.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.iihf.com/news/iihfpr8905\.htm \|title\=IIHF News: September news from around the hockey world \|access\-date\=11 February 2007 \| website \= IIHF.com \|year\=2005 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930014609/http://www.iihf.com/news/iihfpr8905\.htm \|archive\-date\=30 September 2007 \|url\-status\=dead}}
On 19 September 2005, the day the arbitration committee of the RSL was set to determine which club had Datsyuk's rights, Datsyuk agreed to a two\-year deal with the Red Wings for a total of US$7\.8 million. During the [2005–06 season](/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_NHL_season "2005–06 NHL season"), which saw the Red Wings win another Presidents' Trophy, Datsyuk's high level of play, combined with his sportsmanship (just 22 penalty minutes for the entire season), won him the [Lady Byng Trophy](/wiki/Lady_Byng_Trophy "Lady Byng Trophy"),{{cite web\|url\=http://www.nhl.com/trophies/awards062206\.html \|title\=Thornton, Lidstrom big winners at Awards Show \|access\-date\=11 February 2007 \|website\=NHL.com \|year\=2006 \|author\=Coffey, Phil \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012033200/http://www.nhl.com/trophies/awards062206\.html \|archive\-date\=12 October 2008 \|url\-status\=dead}} the first of four consecutive awards. Datsyuk also earned a spot on the [Russian national team](/wiki/Russia_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team "Russia men's national ice hockey team") for the [2006 Winter Olympics](/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2006_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament "Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament") in [Turin](/wiki/Turin "Turin"), Italy.
#### 2006–2013: Ascent to stardom, Selke trophies, second Stanley Cup championship
During the [2006–07 season](/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_NHL_season "2006–07 NHL season"), Datsyuk debuted [Reebok](/wiki/Reebok "Reebok")'s new hockey stick, with holes bored into the shaft to make it more aerodynamic, dubbed the 9KO.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.nhl.com/nhl/app/?service\=page\&page\=NewsPage\&articleid\=288793\|title\=Pushing the hockey envelope\|access\-date\=11 February 2007\|website\=NHL.com\|year\=2007\|author\=Grossman, Evan}} {{Dead link\|date\=December 2015}} He completed the season matching his previous campaign's total of 87 points. Prior to the beginning of the [2007 playoffs](/wiki/2007_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2007 Stanley Cup playoffs"), on 6 April 2007, Datsyuk signed a seven\-year, US$46\.9 million contract extension with the Red Wings.{{cite web \|url\=https://thehockeynews.com/news/red\-wings\-re\-sign\-star\-centre\-pavel\-datsyuk\-to\-seven\-year\-deal \|title\=Red Wings re\-sign star centre Pavel Datsyuk to seven\-year deal \|website\=The Hockey News \|date\=April 6, 2007 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}}He then helped Detroit to another lengthy playoff run as they advanced to the Western Conference Finals against the eventual Stanley Cup champion [Anaheim Ducks](/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks "Anaheim Ducks"), who defeated the Red Wings in six games. He contributed 16 points (eight goals and assists) in all 18 games during the run.
[200px\|right\|thumb\|Datsyuk hoisting the Stanley Cup in June 2008](/wiki/File:Pavel_Datsyuk_with_Stanley_Cup.jpg "Pavel Datsyuk with Stanley Cup.jpg")
In [2007–08](/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_NHL_season "2007–08 NHL season"), Datsyuk was voted by NHL fans, along with teammates [Nicklas Lidström](/wiki/Nicklas_Lidstr%C3%B6m "Nicklas Lidström") and [Henrik Zetterberg](/wiki/Henrik_Zetterberg "Henrik Zetterberg"), to start for the Western Conference in the [2008 All\-Star Game](/wiki/56th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game "56th National Hockey League All-Star Game") at [Philips Arena](/wiki/Philips_Arena "Philips Arena") in [Atlanta](/wiki/Atlanta "Atlanta") on January 27, 2008\.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.theoaklandpress.com/2008/01/08/lidstrom\-joins\-zetterberg\-datsyuk\-as\-west\-all\-star\-starters/ \|title\=Lidstrom joins Zetterberg, Datsyuk as West All\-Star starters \|website\=The Oakland Press \|date\=January 8, 2008 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} He went on to have a career year, scoring a team\-high 97 points (31 goals, 66 assists) in all 82 games while also leading all Red Wings forwards in blocked shots. In leading the team in scoring, he joined [Ted Lindsay](/wiki/Ted_Lindsay "Ted Lindsay"), [Gordie Howe](/wiki/Gordie_Howe "Gordie Howe") and [Steve Yzerman](/wiki/Steve_Yzerman "Steve Yzerman") as the only players in franchise history to do so in three consecutive seasons. The Red Wings would as a team would also go on to win the [Presidents' Trophy](/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy "Presidents' Trophy") as the regular season champions.{{cite web\|url\=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/14768\-red\-wings\-does\-presidents\-trophy\-mean\-a\-stanley\-cup\-or\-an\-early\-exit \|title\=Red Wings: Does President's Trophy Mean a Stanley Cup or an Early Exit? \|author\=Vincent Zanotti \|website\=bleacherreport.com \|publisher\=Bleacher Report \|date\=March 26, 2008 \|access\-date\=June 20, 2024}} Entering into the [2008 playoffs](/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2008 Stanley Cup playoffs"), Datsyuk scored his first career NHL [hat\-trick](/wiki/Hat-trick "Hat-trick") on 12 May, in a 5–2 win over the [Dallas Stars](/wiki/Dallas_Stars "Dallas Stars") in Game 3 of the Western Conference Finals,{{cite web \|url\=https://www.reuters.com/article/sports/datsyuk\-hat\-trick\-powers\-wings\-to\-brink\-of\-finals\-idUSSP273588/ \|title\=Datsyuk hat\-trick powers Wings to brink of finals \|website\=Reuters \|date\=May 12, 2008 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} en route to a meeting in the [Finals](/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_Finals "2008 Stanley Cup Finals") with the [Pittsburgh Penguins](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins "Pittsburgh Penguins"). In Game 6 of the series, Datsyuk recorded two assists on goals by Henrik Zetterberg and [Brian Rafalski](/wiki/Brian_Rafalski "Brian Rafalski") in a 3–2 win to win the series in six games and clinch the team's 11th [Stanley Cup](/wiki/Stanley_Cup "Stanley Cup") title and its fourth title in 11 years and second for Datsyuk himself. Having led the NHL in 2007–08 with a [plus\-minus](/wiki/Plus-minus_%28ice_hockey%29 "Plus-minus (ice hockey)") of \+41 and 144 takeaways (58 more than [Mike Modano](/wiki/Mike_Modano "Mike Modano")'s second\-best total of 86\), Datsyuk was awarded the [Frank J. Selke Trophy](/wiki/Frank_J._Selke_Trophy "Frank J. Selke Trophy") as the League' best defensive forward. With just 20 penalty minutes, he also won the Lady Byng Trophy.{{cite news\|title\=Red Wings get hat trick at 'NHL Awards Show'\|author\=Ted Kulfan\|newspaper\=The Detroit News\|url\=http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID\=/20080613/SPORTS0103/806130400/1128\|access\-date\=13 June 2008}} In voting for the Selke, Datsyuk received 537 points (43 first place votes) while [John Madden](/wiki/John_Madden_%28ice_hockey%29 "John Madden (ice hockey)") of the [New Jersey Devils](/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils "New Jersey Devils") received 447 points and Datsyuk's linemate Henrik Zetterberg received 425 points. In voting for the Lady Byng, Datsyuk received 985 points (75 first place votes). In addition, Datsyuk became the first NHL player to win the Lady Byng three consecutive times in over 70 years, since [Frank Boucher](/wiki/Frank_Boucher "Frank Boucher") of the [New York Rangers](/wiki/New_York_Rangers "New York Rangers") won from 1933 to 1935\. Datsyuk, [Anze Kopitar](/wiki/Anze_Kopitar "Anze Kopitar"), and [Ron Francis](/wiki/Ron_Francis "Ron Francis") are the only players to have been awarded both the Selke and Lady Byng trophies during their careers.
Datsyuk was selected to his third NHL All\-Star Game in [2009](/wiki/57th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game "57th National Hockey League All-Star Game"), but due to a hip injury, he did not participate.{{cite web\|title\=Injuries will keep Datsyuk, Lidstrom out of All\-Star game lineup\|url\=http://www.freep.com/article/20090121/BLOG09/90121103/1053/SPORTS05/Injuries\+will\+keep\+Wings\+\+Datsyuk\+\+Lidstrom\+out\+of\+All\-Star\+Game\|access\-date\=21 January 2009\|date\=20 January 2009\|work\=\[\[Detroit Free Press]]\|url\-status\=dead\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124010152/http://freep.com/article/20090121/BLOG09/90121103/1053/SPORTS05/Injuries\+will\+keep\+Wings\+\+Datsyuk\+\+Lidstrom\+out\+of\+All\-Star\+Game\|archive\-date\=24 January 2009}} However, as per a newly formed League policy stating players must demonstrate injury by missing at least one game prior to the All\-Star Game, Datsyuk was suspended one game, along with teammate Nicklas Lidström, for not attending.{{cite web\|title\=Crosby attends All\-Star game, Datsyuk, Lidstrom punished for sitting out\|url\=https://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5jVIzaYbBIxUkKro5gCLZlnJgVsew\|access\-date\=28 January 2009\|date\=23 January 2009\|agency\=\[\[Canadian Press]]}}{{dead link\|date\=June 2024\|bot\=medic}}{{cbignore\|bot\=medic}} On 13 February 2009, Datsyuk played in his 500th NHL game in a 3–2 loss to the [Columbus Blue Jackets](/wiki/Columbus_Blue_Jackets "Columbus Blue Jackets") and recorded an assist in the game on a Nicklas Lidström goal. Datsyuk finished the [2008–09 season](/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_NHL_season "2008–09 NHL season") with 97 points (32 goals and 65 assists) in 81 games, matching his career high from the previous season. He also won the Frank J. Selke Trophy, beating out [Philadelphia Flyers](/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers "Philadelphia Flyers") center [Mike Richards](/wiki/Mike_Richards_%28ice_hockey%29 "Mike Richards (ice hockey)") and [Vancouver Canucks](/wiki/Vancouver_Canucks "Vancouver Canucks") center [Ryan Kesler](/wiki/Ryan_Kesler "Ryan Kesler"), and won the Lady Byng for the fourth consecutive season.[Red Wings' Pavel Datsyuk wins Selke, Lady Byng; Zdeno Chara ends Nicklas Lidstrom's Norris run](http://www.mlive.com/redwings/index.ssf/2009/06/pavel_datsyuk_wins_second_stra.html). Mlive.com. 18 June 2009\. Retrieved on 1 January 2012\. Datsyuk also received a nomination for the [Best NHL Player Award](/wiki/Best_NHL_Player_ESPY_Award "Best NHL Player ESPY Award") at the [ESPYs](/wiki/ESPY "ESPY"), but lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins' center and captain [Sidney Crosby](/wiki/Sidney_Crosby "Sidney Crosby").{{cite web\|title\=2009 ESPY Awards, Sports Star Nominees, Winners, TV Schedule, Pictures\|url\=http://www.chiff.com/recreation/sports/espy\-awards.htm\#espy\|access\-date\=17 July 2009}} In the [2009 playoffs](/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2009 Stanley Cup playoffs"), Datsyuk and the Red Wings would reach the [Stanley Cup Finals](/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_Finals "2009 Stanley Cup Finals") for a second consecutive season against the Pittsburgh Penguins and third time under Datsyuk's career which would see the Red Wings fall to the Penguins in seven games, one win short from a second consecutive Stanley Cup championship and third altogether.{{cite web \|url\= https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/290527005 \|archive\-url\= https://web.archive.org/web/20181117151449/http://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/290527005 \|url\-status\= dead \|archive\-date\= 17 November 2018 \|title\=Helm goal lifts Red Wings into Stanley Cup finals \|agency\=Associated Press \|website\=\[\[ESPN]] \|publisher\=ESPN \|date\=28 May 2009 \|access\-date\=27 March 2024}}
Datsyuk finished with his lowest end\-of\-season point total since the lockout in the [2009–10 season](/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_NHL_season "2009–10 NHL season"), scoring 70 points in 80 games for his third straight Selke Trophy.{{cite web \|url\=https://thehockeynews.com/news/detroit\-red\-wings\-forward\-pavel\-datsyuk\-wins\-third\-straight\-selke\-trophy \|title\=Detroit Red Wings forward Pavel Datsyuk wins third straight Selke Trophy \|website\=The Hockey News \|date\=June 20, 2010 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} As a result of early season injuries to sniper [Johan Franzén](/wiki/Johan_Franz%C3%A9n "Johan Franzén"), center [Valtteri Filppula](/wiki/Valtteri_Filppula "Valtteri Filppula") and defenceman [Niklas Kronwall](/wiki/Niklas_Kronwall "Niklas Kronwall"), the Red Wings struggled to find consistency. However, a strong finish escalated the team from ninth place in the Western Conference in February to fifth place. Datsyuk scored the first two goals in Game 7 of the first round against the fourth seeded [Phoenix Coyotes](/wiki/Phoenix_Coyotes "Phoenix Coyotes"), including a breakaway deke on [Ilya Bryzgalov](/wiki/Ilya_Bryzgalov "Ilya Bryzgalov"), that sent the Wings to the second round for the fourth consecutive playoff season.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2010/04/27/datsyuk\-detroit\-end\-coyotes\-season\-with\-6\-1\-rout/ \|title\=Datsyuk, Detroit end Coyotes' season with 6\-1 rout \|website\=The San Diego Union\-Tribune \|date\=April 16, 2010 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} The Red Wings, however, lost in five games to the top seeded [San Jose Sharks](/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks "San Jose Sharks").
[thumb\|left\|200px\|Datsyuk in November 2012 playing for CSKA during the 2012 NHL lockout](/wiki/File:Pavel_Datsyuk_2012-11-28.jpg "Pavel Datsyuk 2012-11-28.jpg")
Datsyuk achieved a [Gordie Howe hat trick](/wiki/Gordie_Howe_hat_trick "Gordie Howe hat trick") on the opening night of the [2010–11 season](/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_NHL_season "2010–11 NHL season") on October 8, 2010, against the [Anaheim Ducks](/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks "Anaheim Ducks") with a goal, an assist and a fight, which came against [Corey Perry](/wiki/Corey_Perry "Corey Perry").{{cite web \|url\=https://detroit.sbnation.com/detroit\-red\-wings/2010/10/9/1740034/pavel\-datsyuk\-fight\-corey\-perry\-gordie\-howe\-hat\-trick\-video \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk Fights Corey Perry, Records Gordie Howe Hat Trick (Video) \|website\=SBNation \|date\=October 9, 2010 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} On 22 December, Datsyuk suffered a broken wrist in a game against the Vancouver Canucks, causing him to miss the next 19 games.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/news/story?id\=5949104 \|author\=ESPN services \|title\= Wrist injury to sideline Pavel Datsyuk \|website\=\[\[ESPN]] \|publisher\=ESPN \|date\=22 December 2010 \|access\-date\=27 March 2024}}{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/310207005 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409011027/https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/310207005 \|url\-status\=dead \|archive\-date\=9 April 2024 \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk helps Red Wings extend Rangers' woes \|website\=\[\[ESPN]] \|publisher\=ESPN \|agency\=Associated Press \|date\=7 February 2011 \|access\-date\=8 April 2024}} After an injury\-shortened season with 23 goals, 36 assists and 59 points in 56 games, Datsyuk was yet again impressive in the [2011 playoffs](/wiki/2011_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2011 Stanley Cup playoffs"), leading his team with 15 points (four goals, 11 assists) in all 11 games. After sweeping the sixth seeded Phoenix Coyotes in the first round, the Red Wings fell behind 3–0 to the second seeded San Jose Sharks in the second round (which also happened the previous year), Datsyuk almost led his team back from the deficit to win the series; a Game 5\-winning assist to [Tomas Holmström](/wiki/Tomas_Holmstr%C3%B6m "Tomas Holmström")'s goal, a Game 6\-winning assist to Valtteri Filppula's goal and a Game 7 late backhand goal highlighted Datsyuk's heroics in an eventual losing effort.
During the entirety of the 2011 pre\-season, Datsyuk wore jersey number 24 as a tribute to former teammate [Ruslan Salei](/wiki/Ruslan_Salei "Ruslan Salei"), who perished on 7 September 2011, in the [Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash](/wiki/Lokomotiv_Yaroslavl_plane_crash "Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash"), along with 43 others until switching back to his usual number 13 for the [2011–12 season](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_NHL_season "2011–12 NHL season").{{cite web \|last1\=O'Brien \|first1\=James \|date\=September 17, 2011 \|url\=https://www.nbcsports.com/nhl/news/pavel\-datsyuk\-will\-wear\-number\-24\-during\-the\-preseason\-to\-honor\-former\-teammate\-ruslan\-salei \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk will wear number 24 during the preseason to honor former teammate Ruslan Salei \|website\=NBC Sports \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}}Datsyuk was an early\-season candidate for the [Hart Memorial Trophy](/wiki/Hart_Memorial_Trophy "Hart Memorial Trophy"), awarded to the League MVP, until a knee injury in February 2012 forced the Red Wings into a slump.{{cite web \|url\=https://torontosun.com/2012/02/21/datsyuk\-out\-two\-weeks\-following\-minor\-knee\-surgery \|title\=NHL notes: Datsyuk out following knee surgery \|website\=Toronto Sun \|date\=February 17, 2012 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} The team dropped from first place in the Western Conference in February to fifth place at the end of the season, where they drew the fourth seeded [Nashville Predators](/wiki/Nashville_Predators "Nashville Predators") in the first round of the [2012 playoffs](/wiki/2012_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs"), losing the series in five games. Datsyuk finished the [season](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Detroit_Red_Wings_season "2011–12 Detroit Red Wings season") with 67 points (19 goals, 48 assists) in 70 games for the season followed by one goals, two assists and three points in all five playoff games, and was also named to the [2012 NHL All\-Star Game](/wiki/59th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game "59th National Hockey League All-Star Game") in [Ottawa](/wiki/Ottawa "Ottawa").{{cite web \|last1\=Princess \|first1\=Chuck \|date\=January 12, 2012 \|url\=https://www.ctinsider.com/news/article/Pavel\-Datsyuk\-and\-Jimmy\-Howard\-named\-NHL\-11477386\.php \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk and Jimmy Howard named NHL all\-stars; Nicklas Lidstrom not on list \|website\=CT Insider \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}}
As the NHL entered its second lockout in eight years in [2012–13](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_lockout "2012–13 NHL lockout"), Datsyuk followed other prominent NHL players, such as [Washington Capitals](/wiki/Washington_Capitals "Washington Capitals") winger and captain [Alexander Ovechkin](/wiki/Alexander_Ovechkin "Alexander Ovechkin") and Pittsburgh Penguins center [Evgeni Malkin](/wiki/Evgeni_Malkin "Evgeni Malkin"), in playing overseas while the lockout was in effect; he signed with [CSKA Moscow](/wiki/HC_CSKA_Moscow "HC CSKA Moscow") of the [Kontinental Hockey League](/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League "Kontinental Hockey League") (KHL) on 16 September 2012\.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.mlive.com/redwings/index.ssf/2012/09/red\_wings\_pavel\_datsyuk\_signs.html \|title\=Red Wings' Pavel Datsyuk signs with Russian club for duration of NHL lockout\| website \= MLive.com\|date\=16 September 2012\|access\-date\=7 April 2014}} Datsyuk tallied 36 points in 31 games. When play for the NHL resumed in [January 2013](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_season "2012–13 NHL season") for a 48 game\-shortened regular season, Datsyuk returned to the Red Wings and managed to score 15 goals, 34 assists for 49 points in 47 games. Detroit would make it back to the second round of the [2013 playoffs](/wiki/2013_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2013 Stanley Cup playoffs") where they were defeated by the Presidents' Trophy\-winning and eventual Stanley Cup champion [Chicago Blackhawks](/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks "Chicago Blackhawks") in seven games via an overtime goal in game seven by Blackhawks defenceman [Brent Seabrook](/wiki/Brent_Seabrook "Brent Seabrook"). The Red Wings lost the series despite being ahead at one point three games to one.
#### 2013–2016: Final years in Detroit
On 18 June 2013, Datsyuk signed a three\-year extension to stay with Detroit.{{cite web \|last1\=Dadoun \|first1\=Ryan \|title\=Datsyuk announces three\-year, $22\.5 million extension with Red Wings \|url\=https://www.nbcsports.com/nhl/news/datsyuk\-announces\-three\-year\-extension\-with\-red\-wings \|website\=NBC Sports \|access\-date\=27 March 2024 \|date\=18 June 2013}} On 23 November, Datsyuk suffered a concussion against the [Ottawa Senators](/wiki/Ottawa_Senators "Ottawa Senators") causing him to miss the next six games.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nhl/wings/2013/11/24/pavel\-datsyuk\-injury/3690883/ \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk improving after head hit \|author\=Helene St. James \|website\=usatoday.com \|publisher\=USA Today \|date\=24 November 2013 \|access\-date\=27 March 2024}} Throughout the [2013–14 campaign](/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_NHL_season "2013–14 NHL season"), Datsyuk had also been hampered by a knee injury which resulted in him missing 15 games after the season resumed following the Olympic break.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.thescore.com/nhl/news/439387 \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk is still feeling pain in his knee, but hopes to play Wednesday, Ansar Khan of MLive reports. \|website\=thescore.com \|publisher\=The Score \|author\=Rotowire \|date\=25 February 2014 \|access\-date\=27 March 2014}} He finished the injury\-shortened 2013–14 season with 17 goals and 20 assists for 37 points in 45 games played along with five points (three goals, two assists) in all five playoff games in a Red Wings first round exit in the [2014 playoffs](/wiki/2014_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2014 Stanley Cup playoffs") to the [Presidents' Trophy](/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy "Presidents' Trophy")\-winning [Boston Bruins](/wiki/Boston_Bruins "Boston Bruins").{{cite web \|url\=https://www.mlive.com/redwings/2014/05/red\_wings\_2013\-14\_season\_grade.html \|author\=Ansar Khan \|website\=milive.com \|publisher\=MI live \|title\=Red Wings 2013\-14 season grades: Young players scored high marks; some veterans underachieved \|date\=4 May 2014 \|access\-date\=27 March 2024}}
Datsyuk missed the first five games of the [2014–15 regular season](/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Detroit_Red_Wings_season "2014–15 Detroit Red Wings season") due to a separated shoulder sustained in a pre\-season game against the [Pittsburgh Penguins](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins "Pittsburgh Penguins") on 22 September 2014\.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/\_/id/11581506/pavel\-datsyuk\-detroit\-red\-wings\-miss\-month\-separated\-shoulder \|title\=Separated shoulder for Pavel Datsyuk \|website\=\[\[ESPN]] \|publisher\=ESPN \|date\=22 September 2014 \|access\-date\=27 March 2014}} He ultimately finished the season with 26 goals and 39 assists for 65 points in 63 contests played followed by five points (three goals, two assists) in all seven games in the [2015 playoffs](/wiki/2015_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2015 Stanley Cup playoffs") in the Red Wings first seven\-game round exit to the [Tampa Bay Lightning](/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Lightning "Tampa Bay Lightning") and was a finalist for the [Lady Byng Memorial Trophy](/wiki/Lady_Byng_Memorial_Trophy "Lady Byng Memorial Trophy") for the sixth time in his career with former Red Wing teammate [Jiri Hudler](/wiki/Jiri_Hudler "Jiri Hudler") of the [Calgary Flames](/wiki/Calgary_Flames "Calgary Flames") receiving the award.{{cite web \|url\=https://octopusthrower.com/2015/07/12/detroit\-red\-wings\-pavel\-datsyuk\-effect/ \|title\=Detroit Red Wings: The Pavel Datsyuk Statistical Effect \|website\=octopusthrower.com \|publisher\=Octopus Thrower \|date\=12 July 2015 \|access\-date\=27 March 2014}}{{cite web\|url\=https://ca.movies.yahoo.com/movies/blogs/nhl\-puck\-daddy/how\-jiri\-hudler\-won\-the\-2015\-lady\-byng\-trophy\-005808611\.html \|title\=How Jiri Hudler won the 2015 Lady Byng Trophy \|website\=yahoo.com \|publisher\=Yahoo Movies \|author\=Greg Wyshynski \|date\=24 June 2015 \|access\-date\=8 April 2024}}{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/400790532 \|title\=Ben Bishop has 31 saves as Lightning bury Red Wings on 2 late goals \|website\=\[\[ESPN]] \|publisher\=ESPN \|agency\=Associated Press \|date\=30 April 2015 \|access\-date\=8 April 2024}}
On 14 February 2016, Datsyuk recorded his 900th point against in a 6–5 win over the Boston Bruins with a goal on Bruins' goaltender [Tuukka Rask](/wiki/Tuukka_Rask "Tuukka Rask") to become the sixth Red Wing player and fifth Russian player in league history to reach the milestone.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/\_/id/14778532/pavel\-datsyuk\-reaches\-900\-point\-milestone\-detroit\-red\-wings \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk hits 900\-point milestone with Red Wings\|publisher\=ESPN\|date\=14 February 2016\|access\-date\=14 February 2016}} Datsyuk was named the [First Star of the Week](/wiki/List_of_2015%E2%80%9316_NHL_Three_Star_Awards "List of 2015–16 NHL Three Star Awards") for the week ending 15 February. He shared the league lead with five goals and tied for second overall with seven points in four games to help lead the Red Wings to seven out of a possible eight standings points.{{cite web\|url\=http://redwings.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id\=868916 \|title\=Datsyuk ends week as NHL's first star\|website\=NHL.com\|date\=15 February 2016\|access\-date\=15 February 2016}} Datsyuk completed the [2015–16 season](/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Detroit_Red_Wings_season "2015–16 Detroit Red Wings season") playing in 66 games with 16 goals, 33 assists and 49 points and was held pointless in all five games in the [2016 playoffs](/wiki/2016_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2016 Stanley Cup playoffs") in the Red Wings first round exit to the Tampa Bay Lightning for the second straight season with this series ending in five games this time around.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/400874124 \|title\=Alex Killorn scores winning goal as Lightning oust Red Wings again \|website\=\[\[ESPN]] \|publisher\=ESPN \|agency\=Associated Press \|date\=21 April 2016 \|access\-date\=8 April 2024}}
On 18 June 2016, Datsyuk announced that he was leaving Detroit to play in Russia, ending his 14\-year career with the Red Wings. He left the Wings having won two Stanley Cups (2002 and 2008\), four consecutive Lady Byng trophies (2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009\), 953 games played, and 918 points. He was the last remaining member of the Wings' 2002 Stanley Cup Championship team.{{cite news\|title\=Datsyuk leaving Red Wings to play in Russia\|url\=https://www.nhl.com/news/pavel\-datsyuk\-leaving\-red\-wings\-to\-play\-in\-russia/c\-280994594\|publisher\=NHL\|date\=18 June 2016\|access\-date\=19 June 2016}}{{cite web\|url\=http://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red\-wings/2016/06/18/pavel\-datsyuk\-leaving\-detroit\-red\-wings/86081818/ \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk leaving Detroit Red Wings: He retired from the NHL with 2 Stanley Cups and 4 Lady Byng's 'I have to go back home'\|newspaper\=\[\[Detroit Free Press]]\|first\=Helene\|last\=St. James\|date\=18 June 2016\|access\-date\=18 June 2016}}
On 24 June 2016, the Red Wings traded Datsyuk's contract to the [Arizona Coyotes](/wiki/Arizona_Coyotes "Arizona Coyotes") along with the 16th overall pick in the [2016 NHL Entry Draft](/wiki/2016_NHL_Entry_Draft "2016 NHL Entry Draft"), in exchange for the 20th overall pick, the 53rd overall pick, and [Joe Vitale](/wiki/Joe_Vitale_%28ice_hockey%29 "Joe Vitale (ice hockey)") in order for the Red Wings to clear [salary cap](/wiki/Salary_cap "Salary cap") space.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red\-wings/2016/06/24/detroit\-red\-wings\-2016\-nhl\-draft\-first\-round/86362374/ \|title\=Red Wings trade Pavel Datsyuk contract to Arizona on draft night \|newspaper\=\[\[Detroit Free Press]]\|first\=Helene\|last\=St. James\|date\=24 June 2016\|access\-date\=24 June 2016}}
### Return to Russia (2016–2021\)
#### SKA Saint Petersburg: 2016–2019
On 8 July 2016, Datsyuk signed a two\-year contract with powerhouse [SKA Saint Petersburg](/wiki/SKA_Saint_Petersburg "SKA Saint Petersburg") of the KHL.{{cite web\| url \= https://www.ska.ru/news/view/paviel\-datsiuk\-v\-ska \| title \= Павел Дацюк – в СКА! \| publisher \= \[\[SKA Saint Petersburg]] \| date \= 8 July 2016\| access\-date \= 8 July 2016 \| language \= ru\-RU}}{{cite web\|url\=http://www.detroitnews.com/story/sports/nhl/red\-wings/2016/07/08/datsyuk\-agrees\-two\-year\-deal\-ska\-st\-petersburg/86864632/ \|title\=Datsyuk agrees to two\-year deal with SKA St. Petersburg \|newspaper\=\[\[The Detroit News]]\|first\=Ted\|last\=Kulfan\|date\=9 July 2016\|access\-date\=9 July 2016}} During the [2016–17 season](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_KHL_season "2016–17 KHL season"), Datsyuk recorded 12 goals and 22 assists in 44 regular season games, and helped lead SKA Saint Petersburg to the [Gagarin Cup](/wiki/Gagarin_Cup "Gagarin Cup") in his first season back in the KHL.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red\-wings/2017/04/16/detroit\-red\-wings\-pavel\-datsyuk\-khl\-finals/100553002/ \|title\=Ex\-Red Wing Pavel Datsyuk raises the cup \-\- after winning KHL finals \|newspaper\=\[\[Detroit Free Press]]\|first\=Kirkland\|last\=Crawford\|date\=16 April 2017\|access\-date\=16 April 2017}} During the [2017–18 season](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_KHL_season "2017–18 KHL season"), Datsyuk recorded eight goals and 27 assists in 37 regular season games. On 17 April 2018, Datsyuk signed a one\-year contract extension with SKA Saint Petersburg.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red\-wings/2018/04/17/detroit\-red\-wings\-pavel\-datsyuk\-russia/523754002/ \|title\=Detroit Red Wings great Pavel Datsyuk re\-ups with Russian team \|newspaper\=\[\[Detroit Free Press]]\|first\=Helene\|last\=St. James\|date\=17 April 2018\|access\-date\=17 April 2018}}
He was named "Male Athlete of the Year" in the nomination "Pride of Russia" by the [Ministry of Sport of Russia](/wiki/Ministry_of_Sport_%28Russia%29 "Ministry of Sport (Russia)"), leaving behind runner [Sergey Shubenkov](/wiki/Sergey_Shubenkov "Sergey Shubenkov") and cross\-country skier [Alexander Bolshunov](/wiki/Alexander_Bolshunov "Alexander Bolshunov").[Церемония награждения лауреатов Национальной спортивной премии за 2018 год](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIZLPYpZFhI)
#### Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg: 2019–2021
Following completion of the [2018–19 season](/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_KHL_season "2018–19 KHL season"), his third with SKA, Datsyuk left the club as a free agent following the conclusion of his contract.{{Cite web\| url \= https://www.ska.ru/news/view/paviel\-datsiuk\-pokidaiet\-ska/ \| title \= Павел Дацюк покидает СКА \| publisher \= \[\[SKA Saint Petersburg]] \| date \= 1 May 2019 \| access\-date \= 1 May 2019 \| language \= ru\-RU}} On 5 June 2019, despite light speculation of a possible reunion with the Red Wings, Datsyuk opted to continue in the KHL, returning to play in his hometown with [Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg](/wiki/Avtomobilist_Yekaterinburg "Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg") on a one\-year contract.{{cite web\| url \= http://www.hc\-avto.ru/news/5429/ \| title \= С возвращением домой, Павел! \| publisher \= \[\[Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg]] \| date \= 5 June 2019 \| access\-date \= 5 June 2019 \| language \= ru\-RU}} On 10 July 2020, Datsyuk extended with Avtomobilist for another one\-year contract.{{cite web \| url\=https://rg.ru/2020/07/10/reg\-urfo/daciuk\-prodlil\-kontrakt\-s\-avtomobilistom.html \| title\=Дацюк продлил контракт с "Автомобилистом" \| date\=10 July 2020 }} He retired in 2021\.
|
[
"Playing career\n--------------",
"### Early play in Russia",
"Datsyuk was first noticed by [Detroit Red Wings](/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings \"Detroit Red Wings\") Director of European Scouting [Håkan Andersson](/wiki/H%C3%A5kan_Andersson_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Håkan Andersson (ice hockey)\") in the summer of 1997–98\\.{{specify\\|date\\=February 2017}}{{cite news\\|url\\=http://www.freep.com/article/20090416/COL01/904160395/\\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk reveals a deeper, thoughtful, funny side using native tongue\\|last\\=Albom\\|first\\=Mitch\\|date\\=16 April 2009\\|newspaper\\=The Detroit Free Press\\|page\\=5\\|access\\-date\\=7 May 2009}} Andersson was in Moscow to scout defenceman [Dmitri Kalinin](/wiki/Dmitri_Kalinin \"Dmitri Kalinin\"), but the one who caught his eye was Datsyuk, described as \"this little guy on the other team.\" Andersson made another trip to see Datsyuk and would have gone a third time, though his flight was canceled due to a storm. A scout from the [Calgary Flames](/wiki/Calgary_Flames \"Calgary Flames\") was scheduled to fly on the plane as well,{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://www.si.com/nhl/2015/03/19/hakan\\-andersson\\-detroit\\-red\\-wings\\-scout\\-sports\\-illustrated\\-feature\\-story\\|title\\=Inside the life of Red Wings superscout Hakan Andersson\\|website\\=SI.com\\|date\\=19 March 2015 \\|access\\-date\\=2019\\-08\\-09}} and as a result of the storm Andersson believes he was the only NHL scout to have seen Datsyuk play prior to the [1998 NHL Entry Draft](/wiki/1998_NHL_Entry_Draft \"1998 NHL Entry Draft\"), when the Red Wings drafted him 171st overall.",
"### Detroit Red Wings (2001–2016\\)",
"#### 2001–2006: Early years, first Stanley Cup title",
"When Datsyuk began his NHL career for the Red Wings, he was mentored by compatriot stars [Igor Larionov](/wiki/Igor_Larionov \"Igor Larionov\") and [Sergei Fedorov](/wiki/Sergei_Fedorov \"Sergei Fedorov\"), as well as Detroit captain [Steve Yzerman](/wiki/Steve_Yzerman \"Steve Yzerman\"). He was put on a line with [Brett Hull](/wiki/Brett_Hull \"Brett Hull\") and [Boyd Devereaux](/wiki/Boyd_Devereaux \"Boyd Devereaux\") and had a moderately productive first year. The length and difficulty of the NHL season forced him to sit out a number of games at the end of the year in preparation for the [2002 playoffs](/wiki/2002_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2002 Stanley Cup playoffs\"). After the Red Wings won the [Presidents' Trophy](/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy \"Presidents' Trophy\") as the regular season champions, Datsyuk contributed three goals and three assists to the Red Wings' [2002 Stanley Cup](/wiki/2002_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2002 Stanley Cup playoffs\") run.",
"Expectations were high for Datsyuk's [second season](/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303_Detroit_Red_Wings_season \"2002–03 Detroit Red Wings season\"), particularly with the addition of another highly touted prospect to the team, [Henrik Zetterberg](/wiki/Henrik_Zetterberg \"Henrik Zetterberg\"). Zetterberg replaced Boyd Devereaux on the Datsyuk–Hull line, and the famous version of the \"[Two Kids and an Old Goat Line](/wiki/List_of_ice_hockey_line_nicknames%23Current%2C_short-lived_and/or_novelty_lines \"List of ice hockey line nicknames#Current, short-lived and/or novelty lines\")\" was born. He played only 64 games due to a knee injury but ended up with 51 points for the season. His playoff performance was disappointing, however, the same as the entire Red Wings team; Detroit was swept by the [Mighty Ducks of Anaheim](/wiki/Mighty_Ducks_of_Anaheim \"Mighty Ducks of Anaheim\") in the first round of the [2003 playoffs](/wiki/2003_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2003 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), and Datsyuk was held pointless within the four games played.",
"The departure of Sergei Fedorov in the 2003 off\\-season made room for Datsyuk to rise to prominence on the Red Wings.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/20/sports/hockey\\-fedorov\\-leaves\\-wings\\-to\\-sign\\-with\\-ducks.html \\|title\\=HOCKEY; Fedorov Leaves Wings To Sign With Ducks\n\\|website\\=The New York Times \\|date\\=July 20, 2003 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} He took full advantage of his elevated ice time, where his playmaking skills earned him a spot in the [2004 NHL All\\-Star Game](/wiki/54th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game \"54th National Hockey League All-Star Game\"). Datsyuk finished the [2003–04 season](/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_NHL_season \"2003–04 NHL season\") with 30 goals and 38 assists for 68 points in 75 games as the Red Wings won the Presidents' Trophy. In the [2004 playoffs](/wiki/2004_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2004 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), he had no goals and six assists through 12 games before Detroit was eliminated in the second round by the [Calgary Flames](/wiki/Calgary_Flames \"Calgary Flames\").",
"Datsyuk became a [restricted free agent](/wiki/Restricted_free_agent \"Restricted free agent\") during the 2004–05 off\\-season but could not reach a deal with the Red Wings despite repeated statements by his agent, Gary Greenstin, indicating his desire to stay in Detroit. He chose not to take the salary dispute to arbitration, and instead played with [Dynamo Moscow](/wiki/HC_Dynamo_Moscow \"HC Dynamo Moscow\") during the [2004–05 NHL lockout](/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout \"2004–05 NHL lockout\"). On 4 September 2005, Datsyuk then signed a one\\-year contract with [Avangard Omsk](/wiki/Avangard_Omsk \"Avangard Omsk\") of the [Russian Superleague](/wiki/Russian_Superleague \"Russian Superleague\") (RSL),{{cite news\\|url\\=http://www.detnews.com/2005/wings/0509/06/D01\\-304766\\.htm\\|title\\=Russian team signs Datsyuk\\|access\\-date\\=11 February 2007\\|newspaper\\=The Detroit News\\|year\\=2005\\|author\\=Kulfan, Ted}} where Dynamo Moscow matched the offer two days later, retaining the player.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.iihf.com/news/iihfpr8905\\.htm \\|title\\=IIHF News: September news from around the hockey world \\|access\\-date\\=11 February 2007 \\| website \\= IIHF.com \\|year\\=2005 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930014609/http://www.iihf.com/news/iihfpr8905\\.htm \\|archive\\-date\\=30 September 2007 \\|url\\-status\\=dead}}",
"On 19 September 2005, the day the arbitration committee of the RSL was set to determine which club had Datsyuk's rights, Datsyuk agreed to a two\\-year deal with the Red Wings for a total of US$7\\.8 million. During the [2005–06 season](/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_NHL_season \"2005–06 NHL season\"), which saw the Red Wings win another Presidents' Trophy, Datsyuk's high level of play, combined with his sportsmanship (just 22 penalty minutes for the entire season), won him the [Lady Byng Trophy](/wiki/Lady_Byng_Trophy \"Lady Byng Trophy\"),{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.nhl.com/trophies/awards062206\\.html \\|title\\=Thornton, Lidstrom big winners at Awards Show \\|access\\-date\\=11 February 2007 \\|website\\=NHL.com \\|year\\=2006 \\|author\\=Coffey, Phil \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012033200/http://www.nhl.com/trophies/awards062206\\.html \\|archive\\-date\\=12 October 2008 \\|url\\-status\\=dead}} the first of four consecutive awards. Datsyuk also earned a spot on the [Russian national team](/wiki/Russia_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team \"Russia men's national ice hockey team\") for the [2006 Winter Olympics](/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2006_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament \"Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament\") in [Turin](/wiki/Turin \"Turin\"), Italy.",
"#### 2006–2013: Ascent to stardom, Selke trophies, second Stanley Cup championship",
"During the [2006–07 season](/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_NHL_season \"2006–07 NHL season\"), Datsyuk debuted [Reebok](/wiki/Reebok \"Reebok\")'s new hockey stick, with holes bored into the shaft to make it more aerodynamic, dubbed the 9KO.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.nhl.com/nhl/app/?service\\=page\\&page\\=NewsPage\\&articleid\\=288793\\|title\\=Pushing the hockey envelope\\|access\\-date\\=11 February 2007\\|website\\=NHL.com\\|year\\=2007\\|author\\=Grossman, Evan}} {{Dead link\\|date\\=December 2015}} He completed the season matching his previous campaign's total of 87 points. Prior to the beginning of the [2007 playoffs](/wiki/2007_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2007 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), on 6 April 2007, Datsyuk signed a seven\\-year, US$46\\.9 million contract extension with the Red Wings.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://thehockeynews.com/news/red\\-wings\\-re\\-sign\\-star\\-centre\\-pavel\\-datsyuk\\-to\\-seven\\-year\\-deal \\|title\\=Red Wings re\\-sign star centre Pavel Datsyuk to seven\\-year deal \\|website\\=The Hockey News \\|date\\=April 6, 2007 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}}He then helped Detroit to another lengthy playoff run as they advanced to the Western Conference Finals against the eventual Stanley Cup champion [Anaheim Ducks](/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks \"Anaheim Ducks\"), who defeated the Red Wings in six games. He contributed 16 points (eight goals and assists) in all 18 games during the run.",
"[200px\\|right\\|thumb\\|Datsyuk hoisting the Stanley Cup in June 2008](/wiki/File:Pavel_Datsyuk_with_Stanley_Cup.jpg \"Pavel Datsyuk with Stanley Cup.jpg\")",
"In [2007–08](/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_NHL_season \"2007–08 NHL season\"), Datsyuk was voted by NHL fans, along with teammates [Nicklas Lidström](/wiki/Nicklas_Lidstr%C3%B6m \"Nicklas Lidström\") and [Henrik Zetterberg](/wiki/Henrik_Zetterberg \"Henrik Zetterberg\"), to start for the Western Conference in the [2008 All\\-Star Game](/wiki/56th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game \"56th National Hockey League All-Star Game\") at [Philips Arena](/wiki/Philips_Arena \"Philips Arena\") in [Atlanta](/wiki/Atlanta \"Atlanta\") on January 27, 2008\\.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.theoaklandpress.com/2008/01/08/lidstrom\\-joins\\-zetterberg\\-datsyuk\\-as\\-west\\-all\\-star\\-starters/ \\|title\\=Lidstrom joins Zetterberg, Datsyuk as West All\\-Star starters \\|website\\=The Oakland Press \\|date\\=January 8, 2008 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} He went on to have a career year, scoring a team\\-high 97 points (31 goals, 66 assists) in all 82 games while also leading all Red Wings forwards in blocked shots. In leading the team in scoring, he joined [Ted Lindsay](/wiki/Ted_Lindsay \"Ted Lindsay\"), [Gordie Howe](/wiki/Gordie_Howe \"Gordie Howe\") and [Steve Yzerman](/wiki/Steve_Yzerman \"Steve Yzerman\") as the only players in franchise history to do so in three consecutive seasons. The Red Wings would as a team would also go on to win the [Presidents' Trophy](/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy \"Presidents' Trophy\") as the regular season champions.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/14768\\-red\\-wings\\-does\\-presidents\\-trophy\\-mean\\-a\\-stanley\\-cup\\-or\\-an\\-early\\-exit \\|title\\=Red Wings: Does President's Trophy Mean a Stanley Cup or an Early Exit? \\|author\\=Vincent Zanotti \\|website\\=bleacherreport.com \\|publisher\\=Bleacher Report \\|date\\=March 26, 2008 \\|access\\-date\\=June 20, 2024}} Entering into the [2008 playoffs](/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2008 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), Datsyuk scored his first career NHL [hat\\-trick](/wiki/Hat-trick \"Hat-trick\") on 12 May, in a 5–2 win over the [Dallas Stars](/wiki/Dallas_Stars \"Dallas Stars\") in Game 3 of the Western Conference Finals,{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.reuters.com/article/sports/datsyuk\\-hat\\-trick\\-powers\\-wings\\-to\\-brink\\-of\\-finals\\-idUSSP273588/ \\|title\\=Datsyuk hat\\-trick powers Wings to brink of finals \\|website\\=Reuters \\|date\\=May 12, 2008 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} en route to a meeting in the [Finals](/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_Finals \"2008 Stanley Cup Finals\") with the [Pittsburgh Penguins](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins \"Pittsburgh Penguins\"). In Game 6 of the series, Datsyuk recorded two assists on goals by Henrik Zetterberg and [Brian Rafalski](/wiki/Brian_Rafalski \"Brian Rafalski\") in a 3–2 win to win the series in six games and clinch the team's 11th [Stanley Cup](/wiki/Stanley_Cup \"Stanley Cup\") title and its fourth title in 11 years and second for Datsyuk himself. Having led the NHL in 2007–08 with a [plus\\-minus](/wiki/Plus-minus_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Plus-minus (ice hockey)\") of \\+41 and 144 takeaways (58 more than [Mike Modano](/wiki/Mike_Modano \"Mike Modano\")'s second\\-best total of 86\\), Datsyuk was awarded the [Frank J. Selke Trophy](/wiki/Frank_J._Selke_Trophy \"Frank J. Selke Trophy\") as the League' best defensive forward. With just 20 penalty minutes, he also won the Lady Byng Trophy.{{cite news\\|title\\=Red Wings get hat trick at 'NHL Awards Show'\\|author\\=Ted Kulfan\\|newspaper\\=The Detroit News\\|url\\=http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID\\=/20080613/SPORTS0103/806130400/1128\\|access\\-date\\=13 June 2008}} In voting for the Selke, Datsyuk received 537 points (43 first place votes) while [John Madden](/wiki/John_Madden_%28ice_hockey%29 \"John Madden (ice hockey)\") of the [New Jersey Devils](/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils \"New Jersey Devils\") received 447 points and Datsyuk's linemate Henrik Zetterberg received 425 points. In voting for the Lady Byng, Datsyuk received 985 points (75 first place votes). In addition, Datsyuk became the first NHL player to win the Lady Byng three consecutive times in over 70 years, since [Frank Boucher](/wiki/Frank_Boucher \"Frank Boucher\") of the [New York Rangers](/wiki/New_York_Rangers \"New York Rangers\") won from 1933 to 1935\\. Datsyuk, [Anze Kopitar](/wiki/Anze_Kopitar \"Anze Kopitar\"), and [Ron Francis](/wiki/Ron_Francis \"Ron Francis\") are the only players to have been awarded both the Selke and Lady Byng trophies during their careers.",
"Datsyuk was selected to his third NHL All\\-Star Game in [2009](/wiki/57th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game \"57th National Hockey League All-Star Game\"), but due to a hip injury, he did not participate.{{cite web\\|title\\=Injuries will keep Datsyuk, Lidstrom out of All\\-Star game lineup\\|url\\=http://www.freep.com/article/20090121/BLOG09/90121103/1053/SPORTS05/Injuries\\+will\\+keep\\+Wings\\+\\+Datsyuk\\+\\+Lidstrom\\+out\\+of\\+All\\-Star\\+Game\\|access\\-date\\=21 January 2009\\|date\\=20 January 2009\\|work\\=\\[\\[Detroit Free Press]]\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124010152/http://freep.com/article/20090121/BLOG09/90121103/1053/SPORTS05/Injuries\\+will\\+keep\\+Wings\\+\\+Datsyuk\\+\\+Lidstrom\\+out\\+of\\+All\\-Star\\+Game\\|archive\\-date\\=24 January 2009}} However, as per a newly formed League policy stating players must demonstrate injury by missing at least one game prior to the All\\-Star Game, Datsyuk was suspended one game, along with teammate Nicklas Lidström, for not attending.{{cite web\\|title\\=Crosby attends All\\-Star game, Datsyuk, Lidstrom punished for sitting out\\|url\\=https://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5jVIzaYbBIxUkKro5gCLZlnJgVsew\\|access\\-date\\=28 January 2009\\|date\\=23 January 2009\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Canadian Press]]}}{{dead link\\|date\\=June 2024\\|bot\\=medic}}{{cbignore\\|bot\\=medic}} On 13 February 2009, Datsyuk played in his 500th NHL game in a 3–2 loss to the [Columbus Blue Jackets](/wiki/Columbus_Blue_Jackets \"Columbus Blue Jackets\") and recorded an assist in the game on a Nicklas Lidström goal. Datsyuk finished the [2008–09 season](/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_NHL_season \"2008–09 NHL season\") with 97 points (32 goals and 65 assists) in 81 games, matching his career high from the previous season. He also won the Frank J. Selke Trophy, beating out [Philadelphia Flyers](/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers \"Philadelphia Flyers\") center [Mike Richards](/wiki/Mike_Richards_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Mike Richards (ice hockey)\") and [Vancouver Canucks](/wiki/Vancouver_Canucks \"Vancouver Canucks\") center [Ryan Kesler](/wiki/Ryan_Kesler \"Ryan Kesler\"), and won the Lady Byng for the fourth consecutive season.[Red Wings' Pavel Datsyuk wins Selke, Lady Byng; Zdeno Chara ends Nicklas Lidstrom's Norris run](http://www.mlive.com/redwings/index.ssf/2009/06/pavel_datsyuk_wins_second_stra.html). Mlive.com. 18 June 2009\\. Retrieved on 1 January 2012\\. Datsyuk also received a nomination for the [Best NHL Player Award](/wiki/Best_NHL_Player_ESPY_Award \"Best NHL Player ESPY Award\") at the [ESPYs](/wiki/ESPY \"ESPY\"), but lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins' center and captain [Sidney Crosby](/wiki/Sidney_Crosby \"Sidney Crosby\").{{cite web\\|title\\=2009 ESPY Awards, Sports Star Nominees, Winners, TV Schedule, Pictures\\|url\\=http://www.chiff.com/recreation/sports/espy\\-awards.htm\\#espy\\|access\\-date\\=17 July 2009}} In the [2009 playoffs](/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2009 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), Datsyuk and the Red Wings would reach the [Stanley Cup Finals](/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_Finals \"2009 Stanley Cup Finals\") for a second consecutive season against the Pittsburgh Penguins and third time under Datsyuk's career which would see the Red Wings fall to the Penguins in seven games, one win short from a second consecutive Stanley Cup championship and third altogether.{{cite web \\|url\\= https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/290527005 \\|archive\\-url\\= https://web.archive.org/web/20181117151449/http://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/290527005 \\|url\\-status\\= dead \\|archive\\-date\\= 17 November 2018 \\|title\\=Helm goal lifts Red Wings into Stanley Cup finals \\|agency\\=Associated Press \\|website\\=\\[\\[ESPN]] \\|publisher\\=ESPN \\|date\\=28 May 2009 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2024}}",
"Datsyuk finished with his lowest end\\-of\\-season point total since the lockout in the [2009–10 season](/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_NHL_season \"2009–10 NHL season\"), scoring 70 points in 80 games for his third straight Selke Trophy.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://thehockeynews.com/news/detroit\\-red\\-wings\\-forward\\-pavel\\-datsyuk\\-wins\\-third\\-straight\\-selke\\-trophy \\|title\\=Detroit Red Wings forward Pavel Datsyuk wins third straight Selke Trophy \\|website\\=The Hockey News \\|date\\=June 20, 2010 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} As a result of early season injuries to sniper [Johan Franzén](/wiki/Johan_Franz%C3%A9n \"Johan Franzén\"), center [Valtteri Filppula](/wiki/Valtteri_Filppula \"Valtteri Filppula\") and defenceman [Niklas Kronwall](/wiki/Niklas_Kronwall \"Niklas Kronwall\"), the Red Wings struggled to find consistency. However, a strong finish escalated the team from ninth place in the Western Conference in February to fifth place. Datsyuk scored the first two goals in Game 7 of the first round against the fourth seeded [Phoenix Coyotes](/wiki/Phoenix_Coyotes \"Phoenix Coyotes\"), including a breakaway deke on [Ilya Bryzgalov](/wiki/Ilya_Bryzgalov \"Ilya Bryzgalov\"), that sent the Wings to the second round for the fourth consecutive playoff season.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2010/04/27/datsyuk\\-detroit\\-end\\-coyotes\\-season\\-with\\-6\\-1\\-rout/ \\|title\\=Datsyuk, Detroit end Coyotes' season with 6\\-1 rout \\|website\\=The San Diego Union\\-Tribune \\|date\\=April 16, 2010 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} The Red Wings, however, lost in five games to the top seeded [San Jose Sharks](/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks \"San Jose Sharks\").",
"[thumb\\|left\\|200px\\|Datsyuk in November 2012 playing for CSKA during the 2012 NHL lockout](/wiki/File:Pavel_Datsyuk_2012-11-28.jpg \"Pavel Datsyuk 2012-11-28.jpg\")",
"Datsyuk achieved a [Gordie Howe hat trick](/wiki/Gordie_Howe_hat_trick \"Gordie Howe hat trick\") on the opening night of the [2010–11 season](/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_NHL_season \"2010–11 NHL season\") on October 8, 2010, against the [Anaheim Ducks](/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks \"Anaheim Ducks\") with a goal, an assist and a fight, which came against [Corey Perry](/wiki/Corey_Perry \"Corey Perry\").{{cite web \\|url\\=https://detroit.sbnation.com/detroit\\-red\\-wings/2010/10/9/1740034/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-fight\\-corey\\-perry\\-gordie\\-howe\\-hat\\-trick\\-video \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk Fights Corey Perry, Records Gordie Howe Hat Trick (Video) \\|website\\=SBNation \\|date\\=October 9, 2010 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} On 22 December, Datsyuk suffered a broken wrist in a game against the Vancouver Canucks, causing him to miss the next 19 games.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/news/story?id\\=5949104 \\|author\\=ESPN services \\|title\\= Wrist injury to sideline Pavel Datsyuk \\|website\\=\\[\\[ESPN]] \\|publisher\\=ESPN \\|date\\=22 December 2010 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2024}}{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/310207005 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409011027/https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/310207005 \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archive\\-date\\=9 April 2024 \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk helps Red Wings extend Rangers' woes \\|website\\=\\[\\[ESPN]] \\|publisher\\=ESPN \\|agency\\=Associated Press \\|date\\=7 February 2011 \\|access\\-date\\=8 April 2024}} After an injury\\-shortened season with 23 goals, 36 assists and 59 points in 56 games, Datsyuk was yet again impressive in the [2011 playoffs](/wiki/2011_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2011 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), leading his team with 15 points (four goals, 11 assists) in all 11 games. After sweeping the sixth seeded Phoenix Coyotes in the first round, the Red Wings fell behind 3–0 to the second seeded San Jose Sharks in the second round (which also happened the previous year), Datsyuk almost led his team back from the deficit to win the series; a Game 5\\-winning assist to [Tomas Holmström](/wiki/Tomas_Holmstr%C3%B6m \"Tomas Holmström\")'s goal, a Game 6\\-winning assist to Valtteri Filppula's goal and a Game 7 late backhand goal highlighted Datsyuk's heroics in an eventual losing effort.",
"During the entirety of the 2011 pre\\-season, Datsyuk wore jersey number 24 as a tribute to former teammate [Ruslan Salei](/wiki/Ruslan_Salei \"Ruslan Salei\"), who perished on 7 September 2011, in the [Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash](/wiki/Lokomotiv_Yaroslavl_plane_crash \"Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash\"), along with 43 others until switching back to his usual number 13 for the [2011–12 season](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_NHL_season \"2011–12 NHL season\").{{cite web \\|last1\\=O'Brien \\|first1\\=James \\|date\\=September 17, 2011 \\|url\\=https://www.nbcsports.com/nhl/news/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-will\\-wear\\-number\\-24\\-during\\-the\\-preseason\\-to\\-honor\\-former\\-teammate\\-ruslan\\-salei \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk will wear number 24 during the preseason to honor former teammate Ruslan Salei \\|website\\=NBC Sports \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}}Datsyuk was an early\\-season candidate for the [Hart Memorial Trophy](/wiki/Hart_Memorial_Trophy \"Hart Memorial Trophy\"), awarded to the League MVP, until a knee injury in February 2012 forced the Red Wings into a slump.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://torontosun.com/2012/02/21/datsyuk\\-out\\-two\\-weeks\\-following\\-minor\\-knee\\-surgery \\|title\\=NHL notes: Datsyuk out following knee surgery \\|website\\=Toronto Sun \\|date\\=February 17, 2012 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} The team dropped from first place in the Western Conference in February to fifth place at the end of the season, where they drew the fourth seeded [Nashville Predators](/wiki/Nashville_Predators \"Nashville Predators\") in the first round of the [2012 playoffs](/wiki/2012_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), losing the series in five games. Datsyuk finished the [season](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Detroit_Red_Wings_season \"2011–12 Detroit Red Wings season\") with 67 points (19 goals, 48 assists) in 70 games for the season followed by one goals, two assists and three points in all five playoff games, and was also named to the [2012 NHL All\\-Star Game](/wiki/59th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game \"59th National Hockey League All-Star Game\") in [Ottawa](/wiki/Ottawa \"Ottawa\").{{cite web \\|last1\\=Princess \\|first1\\=Chuck \\|date\\=January 12, 2012 \\|url\\=https://www.ctinsider.com/news/article/Pavel\\-Datsyuk\\-and\\-Jimmy\\-Howard\\-named\\-NHL\\-11477386\\.php \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk and Jimmy Howard named NHL all\\-stars; Nicklas Lidstrom not on list \\|website\\=CT Insider \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}}",
"As the NHL entered its second lockout in eight years in [2012–13](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_lockout \"2012–13 NHL lockout\"), Datsyuk followed other prominent NHL players, such as [Washington Capitals](/wiki/Washington_Capitals \"Washington Capitals\") winger and captain [Alexander Ovechkin](/wiki/Alexander_Ovechkin \"Alexander Ovechkin\") and Pittsburgh Penguins center [Evgeni Malkin](/wiki/Evgeni_Malkin \"Evgeni Malkin\"), in playing overseas while the lockout was in effect; he signed with [CSKA Moscow](/wiki/HC_CSKA_Moscow \"HC CSKA Moscow\") of the [Kontinental Hockey League](/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League \"Kontinental Hockey League\") (KHL) on 16 September 2012\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.mlive.com/redwings/index.ssf/2012/09/red\\_wings\\_pavel\\_datsyuk\\_signs.html \\|title\\=Red Wings' Pavel Datsyuk signs with Russian club for duration of NHL lockout\\| website \\= MLive.com\\|date\\=16 September 2012\\|access\\-date\\=7 April 2014}} Datsyuk tallied 36 points in 31 games. When play for the NHL resumed in [January 2013](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_season \"2012–13 NHL season\") for a 48 game\\-shortened regular season, Datsyuk returned to the Red Wings and managed to score 15 goals, 34 assists for 49 points in 47 games. Detroit would make it back to the second round of the [2013 playoffs](/wiki/2013_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2013 Stanley Cup playoffs\") where they were defeated by the Presidents' Trophy\\-winning and eventual Stanley Cup champion [Chicago Blackhawks](/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks \"Chicago Blackhawks\") in seven games via an overtime goal in game seven by Blackhawks defenceman [Brent Seabrook](/wiki/Brent_Seabrook \"Brent Seabrook\"). The Red Wings lost the series despite being ahead at one point three games to one.",
"#### 2013–2016: Final years in Detroit",
"On 18 June 2013, Datsyuk signed a three\\-year extension to stay with Detroit.{{cite web \\|last1\\=Dadoun \\|first1\\=Ryan \\|title\\=Datsyuk announces three\\-year, $22\\.5 million extension with Red Wings \\|url\\=https://www.nbcsports.com/nhl/news/datsyuk\\-announces\\-three\\-year\\-extension\\-with\\-red\\-wings \\|website\\=NBC Sports \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2024 \\|date\\=18 June 2013}} On 23 November, Datsyuk suffered a concussion against the [Ottawa Senators](/wiki/Ottawa_Senators \"Ottawa Senators\") causing him to miss the next six games.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nhl/wings/2013/11/24/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-injury/3690883/ \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk improving after head hit \\|author\\=Helene St. James \\|website\\=usatoday.com \\|publisher\\=USA Today \\|date\\=24 November 2013 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2024}} Throughout the [2013–14 campaign](/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_NHL_season \"2013–14 NHL season\"), Datsyuk had also been hampered by a knee injury which resulted in him missing 15 games after the season resumed following the Olympic break.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.thescore.com/nhl/news/439387 \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk is still feeling pain in his knee, but hopes to play Wednesday, Ansar Khan of MLive reports. \\|website\\=thescore.com \\|publisher\\=The Score \\|author\\=Rotowire \\|date\\=25 February 2014 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2014}} He finished the injury\\-shortened 2013–14 season with 17 goals and 20 assists for 37 points in 45 games played along with five points (three goals, two assists) in all five playoff games in a Red Wings first round exit in the [2014 playoffs](/wiki/2014_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2014 Stanley Cup playoffs\") to the [Presidents' Trophy](/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy \"Presidents' Trophy\")\\-winning [Boston Bruins](/wiki/Boston_Bruins \"Boston Bruins\").{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.mlive.com/redwings/2014/05/red\\_wings\\_2013\\-14\\_season\\_grade.html \\|author\\=Ansar Khan \\|website\\=milive.com \\|publisher\\=MI live \\|title\\=Red Wings 2013\\-14 season grades: Young players scored high marks; some veterans underachieved \\|date\\=4 May 2014 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2024}}",
"Datsyuk missed the first five games of the [2014–15 regular season](/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Detroit_Red_Wings_season \"2014–15 Detroit Red Wings season\") due to a separated shoulder sustained in a pre\\-season game against the [Pittsburgh Penguins](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins \"Pittsburgh Penguins\") on 22 September 2014\\.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/\\_/id/11581506/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-detroit\\-red\\-wings\\-miss\\-month\\-separated\\-shoulder \\|title\\=Separated shoulder for Pavel Datsyuk \\|website\\=\\[\\[ESPN]] \\|publisher\\=ESPN \\|date\\=22 September 2014 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2014}} He ultimately finished the season with 26 goals and 39 assists for 65 points in 63 contests played followed by five points (three goals, two assists) in all seven games in the [2015 playoffs](/wiki/2015_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2015 Stanley Cup playoffs\") in the Red Wings first seven\\-game round exit to the [Tampa Bay Lightning](/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Lightning \"Tampa Bay Lightning\") and was a finalist for the [Lady Byng Memorial Trophy](/wiki/Lady_Byng_Memorial_Trophy \"Lady Byng Memorial Trophy\") for the sixth time in his career with former Red Wing teammate [Jiri Hudler](/wiki/Jiri_Hudler \"Jiri Hudler\") of the [Calgary Flames](/wiki/Calgary_Flames \"Calgary Flames\") receiving the award.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://octopusthrower.com/2015/07/12/detroit\\-red\\-wings\\-pavel\\-datsyuk\\-effect/ \\|title\\=Detroit Red Wings: The Pavel Datsyuk Statistical Effect \\|website\\=octopusthrower.com \\|publisher\\=Octopus Thrower \\|date\\=12 July 2015 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2014}}{{cite web\\|url\\=https://ca.movies.yahoo.com/movies/blogs/nhl\\-puck\\-daddy/how\\-jiri\\-hudler\\-won\\-the\\-2015\\-lady\\-byng\\-trophy\\-005808611\\.html \\|title\\=How Jiri Hudler won the 2015 Lady Byng Trophy \\|website\\=yahoo.com \\|publisher\\=Yahoo Movies \\|author\\=Greg Wyshynski \\|date\\=24 June 2015 \\|access\\-date\\=8 April 2024}}{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/400790532 \\|title\\=Ben Bishop has 31 saves as Lightning bury Red Wings on 2 late goals \\|website\\=\\[\\[ESPN]] \\|publisher\\=ESPN \\|agency\\=Associated Press \\|date\\=30 April 2015 \\|access\\-date\\=8 April 2024}}",
"On 14 February 2016, Datsyuk recorded his 900th point against in a 6–5 win over the Boston Bruins with a goal on Bruins' goaltender [Tuukka Rask](/wiki/Tuukka_Rask \"Tuukka Rask\") to become the sixth Red Wing player and fifth Russian player in league history to reach the milestone.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/\\_/id/14778532/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-reaches\\-900\\-point\\-milestone\\-detroit\\-red\\-wings \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk hits 900\\-point milestone with Red Wings\\|publisher\\=ESPN\\|date\\=14 February 2016\\|access\\-date\\=14 February 2016}} Datsyuk was named the [First Star of the Week](/wiki/List_of_2015%E2%80%9316_NHL_Three_Star_Awards \"List of 2015–16 NHL Three Star Awards\") for the week ending 15 February. He shared the league lead with five goals and tied for second overall with seven points in four games to help lead the Red Wings to seven out of a possible eight standings points.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://redwings.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id\\=868916 \\|title\\=Datsyuk ends week as NHL's first star\\|website\\=NHL.com\\|date\\=15 February 2016\\|access\\-date\\=15 February 2016}} Datsyuk completed the [2015–16 season](/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Detroit_Red_Wings_season \"2015–16 Detroit Red Wings season\") playing in 66 games with 16 goals, 33 assists and 49 points and was held pointless in all five games in the [2016 playoffs](/wiki/2016_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2016 Stanley Cup playoffs\") in the Red Wings first round exit to the Tampa Bay Lightning for the second straight season with this series ending in five games this time around.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/400874124 \\|title\\=Alex Killorn scores winning goal as Lightning oust Red Wings again \\|website\\=\\[\\[ESPN]] \\|publisher\\=ESPN \\|agency\\=Associated Press \\|date\\=21 April 2016 \\|access\\-date\\=8 April 2024}}",
"On 18 June 2016, Datsyuk announced that he was leaving Detroit to play in Russia, ending his 14\\-year career with the Red Wings. He left the Wings having won two Stanley Cups (2002 and 2008\\), four consecutive Lady Byng trophies (2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009\\), 953 games played, and 918 points. He was the last remaining member of the Wings' 2002 Stanley Cup Championship team.{{cite news\\|title\\=Datsyuk leaving Red Wings to play in Russia\\|url\\=https://www.nhl.com/news/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-leaving\\-red\\-wings\\-to\\-play\\-in\\-russia/c\\-280994594\\|publisher\\=NHL\\|date\\=18 June 2016\\|access\\-date\\=19 June 2016}}{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red\\-wings/2016/06/18/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-leaving\\-detroit\\-red\\-wings/86081818/ \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk leaving Detroit Red Wings: He retired from the NHL with 2 Stanley Cups and 4 Lady Byng's 'I have to go back home'\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Detroit Free Press]]\\|first\\=Helene\\|last\\=St. James\\|date\\=18 June 2016\\|access\\-date\\=18 June 2016}}",
"On 24 June 2016, the Red Wings traded Datsyuk's contract to the [Arizona Coyotes](/wiki/Arizona_Coyotes \"Arizona Coyotes\") along with the 16th overall pick in the [2016 NHL Entry Draft](/wiki/2016_NHL_Entry_Draft \"2016 NHL Entry Draft\"), in exchange for the 20th overall pick, the 53rd overall pick, and [Joe Vitale](/wiki/Joe_Vitale_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Joe Vitale (ice hockey)\") in order for the Red Wings to clear [salary cap](/wiki/Salary_cap \"Salary cap\") space.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red\\-wings/2016/06/24/detroit\\-red\\-wings\\-2016\\-nhl\\-draft\\-first\\-round/86362374/ \\|title\\=Red Wings trade Pavel Datsyuk contract to Arizona on draft night \\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Detroit Free Press]]\\|first\\=Helene\\|last\\=St. James\\|date\\=24 June 2016\\|access\\-date\\=24 June 2016}}",
"### Return to Russia (2016–2021\\)",
"#### SKA Saint Petersburg: 2016–2019",
"On 8 July 2016, Datsyuk signed a two\\-year contract with powerhouse [SKA Saint Petersburg](/wiki/SKA_Saint_Petersburg \"SKA Saint Petersburg\") of the KHL.{{cite web\\| url \\= https://www.ska.ru/news/view/paviel\\-datsiuk\\-v\\-ska \\| title \\= Павел Дацюк – в СКА! \\| publisher \\= \\[\\[SKA Saint Petersburg]] \\| date \\= 8 July 2016\\| access\\-date \\= 8 July 2016 \\| language \\= ru\\-RU}}{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.detroitnews.com/story/sports/nhl/red\\-wings/2016/07/08/datsyuk\\-agrees\\-two\\-year\\-deal\\-ska\\-st\\-petersburg/86864632/ \\|title\\=Datsyuk agrees to two\\-year deal with SKA St. Petersburg \\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Detroit News]]\\|first\\=Ted\\|last\\=Kulfan\\|date\\=9 July 2016\\|access\\-date\\=9 July 2016}} During the [2016–17 season](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_KHL_season \"2016–17 KHL season\"), Datsyuk recorded 12 goals and 22 assists in 44 regular season games, and helped lead SKA Saint Petersburg to the [Gagarin Cup](/wiki/Gagarin_Cup \"Gagarin Cup\") in his first season back in the KHL.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red\\-wings/2017/04/16/detroit\\-red\\-wings\\-pavel\\-datsyuk\\-khl\\-finals/100553002/ \\|title\\=Ex\\-Red Wing Pavel Datsyuk raises the cup \\-\\- after winning KHL finals \\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Detroit Free Press]]\\|first\\=Kirkland\\|last\\=Crawford\\|date\\=16 April 2017\\|access\\-date\\=16 April 2017}} During the [2017–18 season](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_KHL_season \"2017–18 KHL season\"), Datsyuk recorded eight goals and 27 assists in 37 regular season games. On 17 April 2018, Datsyuk signed a one\\-year contract extension with SKA Saint Petersburg.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red\\-wings/2018/04/17/detroit\\-red\\-wings\\-pavel\\-datsyuk\\-russia/523754002/ \\|title\\=Detroit Red Wings great Pavel Datsyuk re\\-ups with Russian team \\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Detroit Free Press]]\\|first\\=Helene\\|last\\=St. James\\|date\\=17 April 2018\\|access\\-date\\=17 April 2018}}",
"He was named \"Male Athlete of the Year\" in the nomination \"Pride of Russia\" by the [Ministry of Sport of Russia](/wiki/Ministry_of_Sport_%28Russia%29 \"Ministry of Sport (Russia)\"), leaving behind runner [Sergey Shubenkov](/wiki/Sergey_Shubenkov \"Sergey Shubenkov\") and cross\\-country skier [Alexander Bolshunov](/wiki/Alexander_Bolshunov \"Alexander Bolshunov\").[Церемония награждения лауреатов Национальной спортивной премии за 2018 год](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIZLPYpZFhI)",
"#### Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg: 2019–2021",
"Following completion of the [2018–19 season](/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_KHL_season \"2018–19 KHL season\"), his third with SKA, Datsyuk left the club as a free agent following the conclusion of his contract.{{Cite web\\| url \\= https://www.ska.ru/news/view/paviel\\-datsiuk\\-pokidaiet\\-ska/ \\| title \\= Павел Дацюк покидает СКА \\| publisher \\= \\[\\[SKA Saint Petersburg]] \\| date \\= 1 May 2019 \\| access\\-date \\= 1 May 2019 \\| language \\= ru\\-RU}} On 5 June 2019, despite light speculation of a possible reunion with the Red Wings, Datsyuk opted to continue in the KHL, returning to play in his hometown with [Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg](/wiki/Avtomobilist_Yekaterinburg \"Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg\") on a one\\-year contract.{{cite web\\| url \\= http://www.hc\\-avto.ru/news/5429/ \\| title \\= С возвращением домой, Павел! \\| publisher \\= \\[\\[Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg]] \\| date \\= 5 June 2019 \\| access\\-date \\= 5 June 2019 \\| language \\= ru\\-RU}} On 10 July 2020, Datsyuk extended with Avtomobilist for another one\\-year contract.{{cite web \\| url\\=https://rg.ru/2020/07/10/reg\\-urfo/daciuk\\-prodlil\\-kontrakt\\-s\\-avtomobilistom.html \\| title\\=Дацюк продлил контракт с \"Автомобилистом\" \\| date\\=10 July 2020 }} He retired in 2021\\.",
""
] |
### Detroit Red Wings (2001–2016\)
#### 2001–2006: Early years, first Stanley Cup title
When Datsyuk began his NHL career for the Red Wings, he was mentored by compatriot stars [Igor Larionov](/wiki/Igor_Larionov "Igor Larionov") and [Sergei Fedorov](/wiki/Sergei_Fedorov "Sergei Fedorov"), as well as Detroit captain [Steve Yzerman](/wiki/Steve_Yzerman "Steve Yzerman"). He was put on a line with [Brett Hull](/wiki/Brett_Hull "Brett Hull") and [Boyd Devereaux](/wiki/Boyd_Devereaux "Boyd Devereaux") and had a moderately productive first year. The length and difficulty of the NHL season forced him to sit out a number of games at the end of the year in preparation for the [2002 playoffs](/wiki/2002_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2002 Stanley Cup playoffs"). After the Red Wings won the [Presidents' Trophy](/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy "Presidents' Trophy") as the regular season champions, Datsyuk contributed three goals and three assists to the Red Wings' [2002 Stanley Cup](/wiki/2002_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2002 Stanley Cup playoffs") run.
Expectations were high for Datsyuk's [second season](/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303_Detroit_Red_Wings_season "2002–03 Detroit Red Wings season"), particularly with the addition of another highly touted prospect to the team, [Henrik Zetterberg](/wiki/Henrik_Zetterberg "Henrik Zetterberg"). Zetterberg replaced Boyd Devereaux on the Datsyuk–Hull line, and the famous version of the "[Two Kids and an Old Goat Line](/wiki/List_of_ice_hockey_line_nicknames%23Current%2C_short-lived_and/or_novelty_lines "List of ice hockey line nicknames#Current, short-lived and/or novelty lines")" was born. He played only 64 games due to a knee injury but ended up with 51 points for the season. His playoff performance was disappointing, however, the same as the entire Red Wings team; Detroit was swept by the [Mighty Ducks of Anaheim](/wiki/Mighty_Ducks_of_Anaheim "Mighty Ducks of Anaheim") in the first round of the [2003 playoffs](/wiki/2003_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2003 Stanley Cup playoffs"), and Datsyuk was held pointless within the four games played.
The departure of Sergei Fedorov in the 2003 off\-season made room for Datsyuk to rise to prominence on the Red Wings.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/20/sports/hockey\-fedorov\-leaves\-wings\-to\-sign\-with\-ducks.html \|title\=HOCKEY; Fedorov Leaves Wings To Sign With Ducks
\|website\=The New York Times \|date\=July 20, 2003 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} He took full advantage of his elevated ice time, where his playmaking skills earned him a spot in the [2004 NHL All\-Star Game](/wiki/54th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game "54th National Hockey League All-Star Game"). Datsyuk finished the [2003–04 season](/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_NHL_season "2003–04 NHL season") with 30 goals and 38 assists for 68 points in 75 games as the Red Wings won the Presidents' Trophy. In the [2004 playoffs](/wiki/2004_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2004 Stanley Cup playoffs"), he had no goals and six assists through 12 games before Detroit was eliminated in the second round by the [Calgary Flames](/wiki/Calgary_Flames "Calgary Flames").
Datsyuk became a [restricted free agent](/wiki/Restricted_free_agent "Restricted free agent") during the 2004–05 off\-season but could not reach a deal with the Red Wings despite repeated statements by his agent, Gary Greenstin, indicating his desire to stay in Detroit. He chose not to take the salary dispute to arbitration, and instead played with [Dynamo Moscow](/wiki/HC_Dynamo_Moscow "HC Dynamo Moscow") during the [2004–05 NHL lockout](/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout "2004–05 NHL lockout"). On 4 September 2005, Datsyuk then signed a one\-year contract with [Avangard Omsk](/wiki/Avangard_Omsk "Avangard Omsk") of the [Russian Superleague](/wiki/Russian_Superleague "Russian Superleague") (RSL),{{cite news\|url\=http://www.detnews.com/2005/wings/0509/06/D01\-304766\.htm\|title\=Russian team signs Datsyuk\|access\-date\=11 February 2007\|newspaper\=The Detroit News\|year\=2005\|author\=Kulfan, Ted}} where Dynamo Moscow matched the offer two days later, retaining the player.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.iihf.com/news/iihfpr8905\.htm \|title\=IIHF News: September news from around the hockey world \|access\-date\=11 February 2007 \| website \= IIHF.com \|year\=2005 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930014609/http://www.iihf.com/news/iihfpr8905\.htm \|archive\-date\=30 September 2007 \|url\-status\=dead}}
On 19 September 2005, the day the arbitration committee of the RSL was set to determine which club had Datsyuk's rights, Datsyuk agreed to a two\-year deal with the Red Wings for a total of US$7\.8 million. During the [2005–06 season](/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_NHL_season "2005–06 NHL season"), which saw the Red Wings win another Presidents' Trophy, Datsyuk's high level of play, combined with his sportsmanship (just 22 penalty minutes for the entire season), won him the [Lady Byng Trophy](/wiki/Lady_Byng_Trophy "Lady Byng Trophy"),{{cite web\|url\=http://www.nhl.com/trophies/awards062206\.html \|title\=Thornton, Lidstrom big winners at Awards Show \|access\-date\=11 February 2007 \|website\=NHL.com \|year\=2006 \|author\=Coffey, Phil \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012033200/http://www.nhl.com/trophies/awards062206\.html \|archive\-date\=12 October 2008 \|url\-status\=dead}} the first of four consecutive awards. Datsyuk also earned a spot on the [Russian national team](/wiki/Russia_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team "Russia men's national ice hockey team") for the [2006 Winter Olympics](/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2006_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament "Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament") in [Turin](/wiki/Turin "Turin"), Italy.
#### 2006–2013: Ascent to stardom, Selke trophies, second Stanley Cup championship
During the [2006–07 season](/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_NHL_season "2006–07 NHL season"), Datsyuk debuted [Reebok](/wiki/Reebok "Reebok")'s new hockey stick, with holes bored into the shaft to make it more aerodynamic, dubbed the 9KO.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.nhl.com/nhl/app/?service\=page\&page\=NewsPage\&articleid\=288793\|title\=Pushing the hockey envelope\|access\-date\=11 February 2007\|website\=NHL.com\|year\=2007\|author\=Grossman, Evan}} {{Dead link\|date\=December 2015}} He completed the season matching his previous campaign's total of 87 points. Prior to the beginning of the [2007 playoffs](/wiki/2007_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2007 Stanley Cup playoffs"), on 6 April 2007, Datsyuk signed a seven\-year, US$46\.9 million contract extension with the Red Wings.{{cite web \|url\=https://thehockeynews.com/news/red\-wings\-re\-sign\-star\-centre\-pavel\-datsyuk\-to\-seven\-year\-deal \|title\=Red Wings re\-sign star centre Pavel Datsyuk to seven\-year deal \|website\=The Hockey News \|date\=April 6, 2007 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}}He then helped Detroit to another lengthy playoff run as they advanced to the Western Conference Finals against the eventual Stanley Cup champion [Anaheim Ducks](/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks "Anaheim Ducks"), who defeated the Red Wings in six games. He contributed 16 points (eight goals and assists) in all 18 games during the run.
[200px\|right\|thumb\|Datsyuk hoisting the Stanley Cup in June 2008](/wiki/File:Pavel_Datsyuk_with_Stanley_Cup.jpg "Pavel Datsyuk with Stanley Cup.jpg")
In [2007–08](/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_NHL_season "2007–08 NHL season"), Datsyuk was voted by NHL fans, along with teammates [Nicklas Lidström](/wiki/Nicklas_Lidstr%C3%B6m "Nicklas Lidström") and [Henrik Zetterberg](/wiki/Henrik_Zetterberg "Henrik Zetterberg"), to start for the Western Conference in the [2008 All\-Star Game](/wiki/56th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game "56th National Hockey League All-Star Game") at [Philips Arena](/wiki/Philips_Arena "Philips Arena") in [Atlanta](/wiki/Atlanta "Atlanta") on January 27, 2008\.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.theoaklandpress.com/2008/01/08/lidstrom\-joins\-zetterberg\-datsyuk\-as\-west\-all\-star\-starters/ \|title\=Lidstrom joins Zetterberg, Datsyuk as West All\-Star starters \|website\=The Oakland Press \|date\=January 8, 2008 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} He went on to have a career year, scoring a team\-high 97 points (31 goals, 66 assists) in all 82 games while also leading all Red Wings forwards in blocked shots. In leading the team in scoring, he joined [Ted Lindsay](/wiki/Ted_Lindsay "Ted Lindsay"), [Gordie Howe](/wiki/Gordie_Howe "Gordie Howe") and [Steve Yzerman](/wiki/Steve_Yzerman "Steve Yzerman") as the only players in franchise history to do so in three consecutive seasons. The Red Wings would as a team would also go on to win the [Presidents' Trophy](/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy "Presidents' Trophy") as the regular season champions.{{cite web\|url\=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/14768\-red\-wings\-does\-presidents\-trophy\-mean\-a\-stanley\-cup\-or\-an\-early\-exit \|title\=Red Wings: Does President's Trophy Mean a Stanley Cup or an Early Exit? \|author\=Vincent Zanotti \|website\=bleacherreport.com \|publisher\=Bleacher Report \|date\=March 26, 2008 \|access\-date\=June 20, 2024}} Entering into the [2008 playoffs](/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2008 Stanley Cup playoffs"), Datsyuk scored his first career NHL [hat\-trick](/wiki/Hat-trick "Hat-trick") on 12 May, in a 5–2 win over the [Dallas Stars](/wiki/Dallas_Stars "Dallas Stars") in Game 3 of the Western Conference Finals,{{cite web \|url\=https://www.reuters.com/article/sports/datsyuk\-hat\-trick\-powers\-wings\-to\-brink\-of\-finals\-idUSSP273588/ \|title\=Datsyuk hat\-trick powers Wings to brink of finals \|website\=Reuters \|date\=May 12, 2008 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} en route to a meeting in the [Finals](/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_Finals "2008 Stanley Cup Finals") with the [Pittsburgh Penguins](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins "Pittsburgh Penguins"). In Game 6 of the series, Datsyuk recorded two assists on goals by Henrik Zetterberg and [Brian Rafalski](/wiki/Brian_Rafalski "Brian Rafalski") in a 3–2 win to win the series in six games and clinch the team's 11th [Stanley Cup](/wiki/Stanley_Cup "Stanley Cup") title and its fourth title in 11 years and second for Datsyuk himself. Having led the NHL in 2007–08 with a [plus\-minus](/wiki/Plus-minus_%28ice_hockey%29 "Plus-minus (ice hockey)") of \+41 and 144 takeaways (58 more than [Mike Modano](/wiki/Mike_Modano "Mike Modano")'s second\-best total of 86\), Datsyuk was awarded the [Frank J. Selke Trophy](/wiki/Frank_J._Selke_Trophy "Frank J. Selke Trophy") as the League' best defensive forward. With just 20 penalty minutes, he also won the Lady Byng Trophy.{{cite news\|title\=Red Wings get hat trick at 'NHL Awards Show'\|author\=Ted Kulfan\|newspaper\=The Detroit News\|url\=http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID\=/20080613/SPORTS0103/806130400/1128\|access\-date\=13 June 2008}} In voting for the Selke, Datsyuk received 537 points (43 first place votes) while [John Madden](/wiki/John_Madden_%28ice_hockey%29 "John Madden (ice hockey)") of the [New Jersey Devils](/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils "New Jersey Devils") received 447 points and Datsyuk's linemate Henrik Zetterberg received 425 points. In voting for the Lady Byng, Datsyuk received 985 points (75 first place votes). In addition, Datsyuk became the first NHL player to win the Lady Byng three consecutive times in over 70 years, since [Frank Boucher](/wiki/Frank_Boucher "Frank Boucher") of the [New York Rangers](/wiki/New_York_Rangers "New York Rangers") won from 1933 to 1935\. Datsyuk, [Anze Kopitar](/wiki/Anze_Kopitar "Anze Kopitar"), and [Ron Francis](/wiki/Ron_Francis "Ron Francis") are the only players to have been awarded both the Selke and Lady Byng trophies during their careers.
Datsyuk was selected to his third NHL All\-Star Game in [2009](/wiki/57th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game "57th National Hockey League All-Star Game"), but due to a hip injury, he did not participate.{{cite web\|title\=Injuries will keep Datsyuk, Lidstrom out of All\-Star game lineup\|url\=http://www.freep.com/article/20090121/BLOG09/90121103/1053/SPORTS05/Injuries\+will\+keep\+Wings\+\+Datsyuk\+\+Lidstrom\+out\+of\+All\-Star\+Game\|access\-date\=21 January 2009\|date\=20 January 2009\|work\=\[\[Detroit Free Press]]\|url\-status\=dead\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124010152/http://freep.com/article/20090121/BLOG09/90121103/1053/SPORTS05/Injuries\+will\+keep\+Wings\+\+Datsyuk\+\+Lidstrom\+out\+of\+All\-Star\+Game\|archive\-date\=24 January 2009}} However, as per a newly formed League policy stating players must demonstrate injury by missing at least one game prior to the All\-Star Game, Datsyuk was suspended one game, along with teammate Nicklas Lidström, for not attending.{{cite web\|title\=Crosby attends All\-Star game, Datsyuk, Lidstrom punished for sitting out\|url\=https://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5jVIzaYbBIxUkKro5gCLZlnJgVsew\|access\-date\=28 January 2009\|date\=23 January 2009\|agency\=\[\[Canadian Press]]}}{{dead link\|date\=June 2024\|bot\=medic}}{{cbignore\|bot\=medic}} On 13 February 2009, Datsyuk played in his 500th NHL game in a 3–2 loss to the [Columbus Blue Jackets](/wiki/Columbus_Blue_Jackets "Columbus Blue Jackets") and recorded an assist in the game on a Nicklas Lidström goal. Datsyuk finished the [2008–09 season](/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_NHL_season "2008–09 NHL season") with 97 points (32 goals and 65 assists) in 81 games, matching his career high from the previous season. He also won the Frank J. Selke Trophy, beating out [Philadelphia Flyers](/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers "Philadelphia Flyers") center [Mike Richards](/wiki/Mike_Richards_%28ice_hockey%29 "Mike Richards (ice hockey)") and [Vancouver Canucks](/wiki/Vancouver_Canucks "Vancouver Canucks") center [Ryan Kesler](/wiki/Ryan_Kesler "Ryan Kesler"), and won the Lady Byng for the fourth consecutive season.[Red Wings' Pavel Datsyuk wins Selke, Lady Byng; Zdeno Chara ends Nicklas Lidstrom's Norris run](http://www.mlive.com/redwings/index.ssf/2009/06/pavel_datsyuk_wins_second_stra.html). Mlive.com. 18 June 2009\. Retrieved on 1 January 2012\. Datsyuk also received a nomination for the [Best NHL Player Award](/wiki/Best_NHL_Player_ESPY_Award "Best NHL Player ESPY Award") at the [ESPYs](/wiki/ESPY "ESPY"), but lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins' center and captain [Sidney Crosby](/wiki/Sidney_Crosby "Sidney Crosby").{{cite web\|title\=2009 ESPY Awards, Sports Star Nominees, Winners, TV Schedule, Pictures\|url\=http://www.chiff.com/recreation/sports/espy\-awards.htm\#espy\|access\-date\=17 July 2009}} In the [2009 playoffs](/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2009 Stanley Cup playoffs"), Datsyuk and the Red Wings would reach the [Stanley Cup Finals](/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_Finals "2009 Stanley Cup Finals") for a second consecutive season against the Pittsburgh Penguins and third time under Datsyuk's career which would see the Red Wings fall to the Penguins in seven games, one win short from a second consecutive Stanley Cup championship and third altogether.{{cite web \|url\= https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/290527005 \|archive\-url\= https://web.archive.org/web/20181117151449/http://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/290527005 \|url\-status\= dead \|archive\-date\= 17 November 2018 \|title\=Helm goal lifts Red Wings into Stanley Cup finals \|agency\=Associated Press \|website\=\[\[ESPN]] \|publisher\=ESPN \|date\=28 May 2009 \|access\-date\=27 March 2024}}
Datsyuk finished with his lowest end\-of\-season point total since the lockout in the [2009–10 season](/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_NHL_season "2009–10 NHL season"), scoring 70 points in 80 games for his third straight Selke Trophy.{{cite web \|url\=https://thehockeynews.com/news/detroit\-red\-wings\-forward\-pavel\-datsyuk\-wins\-third\-straight\-selke\-trophy \|title\=Detroit Red Wings forward Pavel Datsyuk wins third straight Selke Trophy \|website\=The Hockey News \|date\=June 20, 2010 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} As a result of early season injuries to sniper [Johan Franzén](/wiki/Johan_Franz%C3%A9n "Johan Franzén"), center [Valtteri Filppula](/wiki/Valtteri_Filppula "Valtteri Filppula") and defenceman [Niklas Kronwall](/wiki/Niklas_Kronwall "Niklas Kronwall"), the Red Wings struggled to find consistency. However, a strong finish escalated the team from ninth place in the Western Conference in February to fifth place. Datsyuk scored the first two goals in Game 7 of the first round against the fourth seeded [Phoenix Coyotes](/wiki/Phoenix_Coyotes "Phoenix Coyotes"), including a breakaway deke on [Ilya Bryzgalov](/wiki/Ilya_Bryzgalov "Ilya Bryzgalov"), that sent the Wings to the second round for the fourth consecutive playoff season.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2010/04/27/datsyuk\-detroit\-end\-coyotes\-season\-with\-6\-1\-rout/ \|title\=Datsyuk, Detroit end Coyotes' season with 6\-1 rout \|website\=The San Diego Union\-Tribune \|date\=April 16, 2010 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} The Red Wings, however, lost in five games to the top seeded [San Jose Sharks](/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks "San Jose Sharks").
[thumb\|left\|200px\|Datsyuk in November 2012 playing for CSKA during the 2012 NHL lockout](/wiki/File:Pavel_Datsyuk_2012-11-28.jpg "Pavel Datsyuk 2012-11-28.jpg")
Datsyuk achieved a [Gordie Howe hat trick](/wiki/Gordie_Howe_hat_trick "Gordie Howe hat trick") on the opening night of the [2010–11 season](/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_NHL_season "2010–11 NHL season") on October 8, 2010, against the [Anaheim Ducks](/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks "Anaheim Ducks") with a goal, an assist and a fight, which came against [Corey Perry](/wiki/Corey_Perry "Corey Perry").{{cite web \|url\=https://detroit.sbnation.com/detroit\-red\-wings/2010/10/9/1740034/pavel\-datsyuk\-fight\-corey\-perry\-gordie\-howe\-hat\-trick\-video \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk Fights Corey Perry, Records Gordie Howe Hat Trick (Video) \|website\=SBNation \|date\=October 9, 2010 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} On 22 December, Datsyuk suffered a broken wrist in a game against the Vancouver Canucks, causing him to miss the next 19 games.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/news/story?id\=5949104 \|author\=ESPN services \|title\= Wrist injury to sideline Pavel Datsyuk \|website\=\[\[ESPN]] \|publisher\=ESPN \|date\=22 December 2010 \|access\-date\=27 March 2024}}{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/310207005 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409011027/https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/310207005 \|url\-status\=dead \|archive\-date\=9 April 2024 \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk helps Red Wings extend Rangers' woes \|website\=\[\[ESPN]] \|publisher\=ESPN \|agency\=Associated Press \|date\=7 February 2011 \|access\-date\=8 April 2024}} After an injury\-shortened season with 23 goals, 36 assists and 59 points in 56 games, Datsyuk was yet again impressive in the [2011 playoffs](/wiki/2011_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2011 Stanley Cup playoffs"), leading his team with 15 points (four goals, 11 assists) in all 11 games. After sweeping the sixth seeded Phoenix Coyotes in the first round, the Red Wings fell behind 3–0 to the second seeded San Jose Sharks in the second round (which also happened the previous year), Datsyuk almost led his team back from the deficit to win the series; a Game 5\-winning assist to [Tomas Holmström](/wiki/Tomas_Holmstr%C3%B6m "Tomas Holmström")'s goal, a Game 6\-winning assist to Valtteri Filppula's goal and a Game 7 late backhand goal highlighted Datsyuk's heroics in an eventual losing effort.
During the entirety of the 2011 pre\-season, Datsyuk wore jersey number 24 as a tribute to former teammate [Ruslan Salei](/wiki/Ruslan_Salei "Ruslan Salei"), who perished on 7 September 2011, in the [Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash](/wiki/Lokomotiv_Yaroslavl_plane_crash "Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash"), along with 43 others until switching back to his usual number 13 for the [2011–12 season](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_NHL_season "2011–12 NHL season").{{cite web \|last1\=O'Brien \|first1\=James \|date\=September 17, 2011 \|url\=https://www.nbcsports.com/nhl/news/pavel\-datsyuk\-will\-wear\-number\-24\-during\-the\-preseason\-to\-honor\-former\-teammate\-ruslan\-salei \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk will wear number 24 during the preseason to honor former teammate Ruslan Salei \|website\=NBC Sports \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}}Datsyuk was an early\-season candidate for the [Hart Memorial Trophy](/wiki/Hart_Memorial_Trophy "Hart Memorial Trophy"), awarded to the League MVP, until a knee injury in February 2012 forced the Red Wings into a slump.{{cite web \|url\=https://torontosun.com/2012/02/21/datsyuk\-out\-two\-weeks\-following\-minor\-knee\-surgery \|title\=NHL notes: Datsyuk out following knee surgery \|website\=Toronto Sun \|date\=February 17, 2012 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} The team dropped from first place in the Western Conference in February to fifth place at the end of the season, where they drew the fourth seeded [Nashville Predators](/wiki/Nashville_Predators "Nashville Predators") in the first round of the [2012 playoffs](/wiki/2012_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs"), losing the series in five games. Datsyuk finished the [season](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Detroit_Red_Wings_season "2011–12 Detroit Red Wings season") with 67 points (19 goals, 48 assists) in 70 games for the season followed by one goals, two assists and three points in all five playoff games, and was also named to the [2012 NHL All\-Star Game](/wiki/59th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game "59th National Hockey League All-Star Game") in [Ottawa](/wiki/Ottawa "Ottawa").{{cite web \|last1\=Princess \|first1\=Chuck \|date\=January 12, 2012 \|url\=https://www.ctinsider.com/news/article/Pavel\-Datsyuk\-and\-Jimmy\-Howard\-named\-NHL\-11477386\.php \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk and Jimmy Howard named NHL all\-stars; Nicklas Lidstrom not on list \|website\=CT Insider \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}}
As the NHL entered its second lockout in eight years in [2012–13](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_lockout "2012–13 NHL lockout"), Datsyuk followed other prominent NHL players, such as [Washington Capitals](/wiki/Washington_Capitals "Washington Capitals") winger and captain [Alexander Ovechkin](/wiki/Alexander_Ovechkin "Alexander Ovechkin") and Pittsburgh Penguins center [Evgeni Malkin](/wiki/Evgeni_Malkin "Evgeni Malkin"), in playing overseas while the lockout was in effect; he signed with [CSKA Moscow](/wiki/HC_CSKA_Moscow "HC CSKA Moscow") of the [Kontinental Hockey League](/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League "Kontinental Hockey League") (KHL) on 16 September 2012\.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.mlive.com/redwings/index.ssf/2012/09/red\_wings\_pavel\_datsyuk\_signs.html \|title\=Red Wings' Pavel Datsyuk signs with Russian club for duration of NHL lockout\| website \= MLive.com\|date\=16 September 2012\|access\-date\=7 April 2014}} Datsyuk tallied 36 points in 31 games. When play for the NHL resumed in [January 2013](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_season "2012–13 NHL season") for a 48 game\-shortened regular season, Datsyuk returned to the Red Wings and managed to score 15 goals, 34 assists for 49 points in 47 games. Detroit would make it back to the second round of the [2013 playoffs](/wiki/2013_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2013 Stanley Cup playoffs") where they were defeated by the Presidents' Trophy\-winning and eventual Stanley Cup champion [Chicago Blackhawks](/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks "Chicago Blackhawks") in seven games via an overtime goal in game seven by Blackhawks defenceman [Brent Seabrook](/wiki/Brent_Seabrook "Brent Seabrook"). The Red Wings lost the series despite being ahead at one point three games to one.
#### 2013–2016: Final years in Detroit
On 18 June 2013, Datsyuk signed a three\-year extension to stay with Detroit.{{cite web \|last1\=Dadoun \|first1\=Ryan \|title\=Datsyuk announces three\-year, $22\.5 million extension with Red Wings \|url\=https://www.nbcsports.com/nhl/news/datsyuk\-announces\-three\-year\-extension\-with\-red\-wings \|website\=NBC Sports \|access\-date\=27 March 2024 \|date\=18 June 2013}} On 23 November, Datsyuk suffered a concussion against the [Ottawa Senators](/wiki/Ottawa_Senators "Ottawa Senators") causing him to miss the next six games.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nhl/wings/2013/11/24/pavel\-datsyuk\-injury/3690883/ \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk improving after head hit \|author\=Helene St. James \|website\=usatoday.com \|publisher\=USA Today \|date\=24 November 2013 \|access\-date\=27 March 2024}} Throughout the [2013–14 campaign](/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_NHL_season "2013–14 NHL season"), Datsyuk had also been hampered by a knee injury which resulted in him missing 15 games after the season resumed following the Olympic break.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.thescore.com/nhl/news/439387 \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk is still feeling pain in his knee, but hopes to play Wednesday, Ansar Khan of MLive reports. \|website\=thescore.com \|publisher\=The Score \|author\=Rotowire \|date\=25 February 2014 \|access\-date\=27 March 2014}} He finished the injury\-shortened 2013–14 season with 17 goals and 20 assists for 37 points in 45 games played along with five points (three goals, two assists) in all five playoff games in a Red Wings first round exit in the [2014 playoffs](/wiki/2014_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2014 Stanley Cup playoffs") to the [Presidents' Trophy](/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy "Presidents' Trophy")\-winning [Boston Bruins](/wiki/Boston_Bruins "Boston Bruins").{{cite web \|url\=https://www.mlive.com/redwings/2014/05/red\_wings\_2013\-14\_season\_grade.html \|author\=Ansar Khan \|website\=milive.com \|publisher\=MI live \|title\=Red Wings 2013\-14 season grades: Young players scored high marks; some veterans underachieved \|date\=4 May 2014 \|access\-date\=27 March 2024}}
Datsyuk missed the first five games of the [2014–15 regular season](/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Detroit_Red_Wings_season "2014–15 Detroit Red Wings season") due to a separated shoulder sustained in a pre\-season game against the [Pittsburgh Penguins](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins "Pittsburgh Penguins") on 22 September 2014\.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/\_/id/11581506/pavel\-datsyuk\-detroit\-red\-wings\-miss\-month\-separated\-shoulder \|title\=Separated shoulder for Pavel Datsyuk \|website\=\[\[ESPN]] \|publisher\=ESPN \|date\=22 September 2014 \|access\-date\=27 March 2014}} He ultimately finished the season with 26 goals and 39 assists for 65 points in 63 contests played followed by five points (three goals, two assists) in all seven games in the [2015 playoffs](/wiki/2015_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2015 Stanley Cup playoffs") in the Red Wings first seven\-game round exit to the [Tampa Bay Lightning](/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Lightning "Tampa Bay Lightning") and was a finalist for the [Lady Byng Memorial Trophy](/wiki/Lady_Byng_Memorial_Trophy "Lady Byng Memorial Trophy") for the sixth time in his career with former Red Wing teammate [Jiri Hudler](/wiki/Jiri_Hudler "Jiri Hudler") of the [Calgary Flames](/wiki/Calgary_Flames "Calgary Flames") receiving the award.{{cite web \|url\=https://octopusthrower.com/2015/07/12/detroit\-red\-wings\-pavel\-datsyuk\-effect/ \|title\=Detroit Red Wings: The Pavel Datsyuk Statistical Effect \|website\=octopusthrower.com \|publisher\=Octopus Thrower \|date\=12 July 2015 \|access\-date\=27 March 2014}}{{cite web\|url\=https://ca.movies.yahoo.com/movies/blogs/nhl\-puck\-daddy/how\-jiri\-hudler\-won\-the\-2015\-lady\-byng\-trophy\-005808611\.html \|title\=How Jiri Hudler won the 2015 Lady Byng Trophy \|website\=yahoo.com \|publisher\=Yahoo Movies \|author\=Greg Wyshynski \|date\=24 June 2015 \|access\-date\=8 April 2024}}{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/400790532 \|title\=Ben Bishop has 31 saves as Lightning bury Red Wings on 2 late goals \|website\=\[\[ESPN]] \|publisher\=ESPN \|agency\=Associated Press \|date\=30 April 2015 \|access\-date\=8 April 2024}}
On 14 February 2016, Datsyuk recorded his 900th point against in a 6–5 win over the Boston Bruins with a goal on Bruins' goaltender [Tuukka Rask](/wiki/Tuukka_Rask "Tuukka Rask") to become the sixth Red Wing player and fifth Russian player in league history to reach the milestone.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/\_/id/14778532/pavel\-datsyuk\-reaches\-900\-point\-milestone\-detroit\-red\-wings \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk hits 900\-point milestone with Red Wings\|publisher\=ESPN\|date\=14 February 2016\|access\-date\=14 February 2016}} Datsyuk was named the [First Star of the Week](/wiki/List_of_2015%E2%80%9316_NHL_Three_Star_Awards "List of 2015–16 NHL Three Star Awards") for the week ending 15 February. He shared the league lead with five goals and tied for second overall with seven points in four games to help lead the Red Wings to seven out of a possible eight standings points.{{cite web\|url\=http://redwings.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id\=868916 \|title\=Datsyuk ends week as NHL's first star\|website\=NHL.com\|date\=15 February 2016\|access\-date\=15 February 2016}} Datsyuk completed the [2015–16 season](/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Detroit_Red_Wings_season "2015–16 Detroit Red Wings season") playing in 66 games with 16 goals, 33 assists and 49 points and was held pointless in all five games in the [2016 playoffs](/wiki/2016_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2016 Stanley Cup playoffs") in the Red Wings first round exit to the Tampa Bay Lightning for the second straight season with this series ending in five games this time around.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/400874124 \|title\=Alex Killorn scores winning goal as Lightning oust Red Wings again \|website\=\[\[ESPN]] \|publisher\=ESPN \|agency\=Associated Press \|date\=21 April 2016 \|access\-date\=8 April 2024}}
On 18 June 2016, Datsyuk announced that he was leaving Detroit to play in Russia, ending his 14\-year career with the Red Wings. He left the Wings having won two Stanley Cups (2002 and 2008\), four consecutive Lady Byng trophies (2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009\), 953 games played, and 918 points. He was the last remaining member of the Wings' 2002 Stanley Cup Championship team.{{cite news\|title\=Datsyuk leaving Red Wings to play in Russia\|url\=https://www.nhl.com/news/pavel\-datsyuk\-leaving\-red\-wings\-to\-play\-in\-russia/c\-280994594\|publisher\=NHL\|date\=18 June 2016\|access\-date\=19 June 2016}}{{cite web\|url\=http://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red\-wings/2016/06/18/pavel\-datsyuk\-leaving\-detroit\-red\-wings/86081818/ \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk leaving Detroit Red Wings: He retired from the NHL with 2 Stanley Cups and 4 Lady Byng's 'I have to go back home'\|newspaper\=\[\[Detroit Free Press]]\|first\=Helene\|last\=St. James\|date\=18 June 2016\|access\-date\=18 June 2016}}
On 24 June 2016, the Red Wings traded Datsyuk's contract to the [Arizona Coyotes](/wiki/Arizona_Coyotes "Arizona Coyotes") along with the 16th overall pick in the [2016 NHL Entry Draft](/wiki/2016_NHL_Entry_Draft "2016 NHL Entry Draft"), in exchange for the 20th overall pick, the 53rd overall pick, and [Joe Vitale](/wiki/Joe_Vitale_%28ice_hockey%29 "Joe Vitale (ice hockey)") in order for the Red Wings to clear [salary cap](/wiki/Salary_cap "Salary cap") space.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red\-wings/2016/06/24/detroit\-red\-wings\-2016\-nhl\-draft\-first\-round/86362374/ \|title\=Red Wings trade Pavel Datsyuk contract to Arizona on draft night \|newspaper\=\[\[Detroit Free Press]]\|first\=Helene\|last\=St. James\|date\=24 June 2016\|access\-date\=24 June 2016}}
|
[
"### Detroit Red Wings (2001–2016\\)",
"#### 2001–2006: Early years, first Stanley Cup title",
"When Datsyuk began his NHL career for the Red Wings, he was mentored by compatriot stars [Igor Larionov](/wiki/Igor_Larionov \"Igor Larionov\") and [Sergei Fedorov](/wiki/Sergei_Fedorov \"Sergei Fedorov\"), as well as Detroit captain [Steve Yzerman](/wiki/Steve_Yzerman \"Steve Yzerman\"). He was put on a line with [Brett Hull](/wiki/Brett_Hull \"Brett Hull\") and [Boyd Devereaux](/wiki/Boyd_Devereaux \"Boyd Devereaux\") and had a moderately productive first year. The length and difficulty of the NHL season forced him to sit out a number of games at the end of the year in preparation for the [2002 playoffs](/wiki/2002_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2002 Stanley Cup playoffs\"). After the Red Wings won the [Presidents' Trophy](/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy \"Presidents' Trophy\") as the regular season champions, Datsyuk contributed three goals and three assists to the Red Wings' [2002 Stanley Cup](/wiki/2002_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2002 Stanley Cup playoffs\") run.",
"Expectations were high for Datsyuk's [second season](/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303_Detroit_Red_Wings_season \"2002–03 Detroit Red Wings season\"), particularly with the addition of another highly touted prospect to the team, [Henrik Zetterberg](/wiki/Henrik_Zetterberg \"Henrik Zetterberg\"). Zetterberg replaced Boyd Devereaux on the Datsyuk–Hull line, and the famous version of the \"[Two Kids and an Old Goat Line](/wiki/List_of_ice_hockey_line_nicknames%23Current%2C_short-lived_and/or_novelty_lines \"List of ice hockey line nicknames#Current, short-lived and/or novelty lines\")\" was born. He played only 64 games due to a knee injury but ended up with 51 points for the season. His playoff performance was disappointing, however, the same as the entire Red Wings team; Detroit was swept by the [Mighty Ducks of Anaheim](/wiki/Mighty_Ducks_of_Anaheim \"Mighty Ducks of Anaheim\") in the first round of the [2003 playoffs](/wiki/2003_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2003 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), and Datsyuk was held pointless within the four games played.",
"The departure of Sergei Fedorov in the 2003 off\\-season made room for Datsyuk to rise to prominence on the Red Wings.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/20/sports/hockey\\-fedorov\\-leaves\\-wings\\-to\\-sign\\-with\\-ducks.html \\|title\\=HOCKEY; Fedorov Leaves Wings To Sign With Ducks\n\\|website\\=The New York Times \\|date\\=July 20, 2003 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} He took full advantage of his elevated ice time, where his playmaking skills earned him a spot in the [2004 NHL All\\-Star Game](/wiki/54th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game \"54th National Hockey League All-Star Game\"). Datsyuk finished the [2003–04 season](/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_NHL_season \"2003–04 NHL season\") with 30 goals and 38 assists for 68 points in 75 games as the Red Wings won the Presidents' Trophy. In the [2004 playoffs](/wiki/2004_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2004 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), he had no goals and six assists through 12 games before Detroit was eliminated in the second round by the [Calgary Flames](/wiki/Calgary_Flames \"Calgary Flames\").",
"Datsyuk became a [restricted free agent](/wiki/Restricted_free_agent \"Restricted free agent\") during the 2004–05 off\\-season but could not reach a deal with the Red Wings despite repeated statements by his agent, Gary Greenstin, indicating his desire to stay in Detroit. He chose not to take the salary dispute to arbitration, and instead played with [Dynamo Moscow](/wiki/HC_Dynamo_Moscow \"HC Dynamo Moscow\") during the [2004–05 NHL lockout](/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_NHL_lockout \"2004–05 NHL lockout\"). On 4 September 2005, Datsyuk then signed a one\\-year contract with [Avangard Omsk](/wiki/Avangard_Omsk \"Avangard Omsk\") of the [Russian Superleague](/wiki/Russian_Superleague \"Russian Superleague\") (RSL),{{cite news\\|url\\=http://www.detnews.com/2005/wings/0509/06/D01\\-304766\\.htm\\|title\\=Russian team signs Datsyuk\\|access\\-date\\=11 February 2007\\|newspaper\\=The Detroit News\\|year\\=2005\\|author\\=Kulfan, Ted}} where Dynamo Moscow matched the offer two days later, retaining the player.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.iihf.com/news/iihfpr8905\\.htm \\|title\\=IIHF News: September news from around the hockey world \\|access\\-date\\=11 February 2007 \\| website \\= IIHF.com \\|year\\=2005 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930014609/http://www.iihf.com/news/iihfpr8905\\.htm \\|archive\\-date\\=30 September 2007 \\|url\\-status\\=dead}}",
"On 19 September 2005, the day the arbitration committee of the RSL was set to determine which club had Datsyuk's rights, Datsyuk agreed to a two\\-year deal with the Red Wings for a total of US$7\\.8 million. During the [2005–06 season](/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_NHL_season \"2005–06 NHL season\"), which saw the Red Wings win another Presidents' Trophy, Datsyuk's high level of play, combined with his sportsmanship (just 22 penalty minutes for the entire season), won him the [Lady Byng Trophy](/wiki/Lady_Byng_Trophy \"Lady Byng Trophy\"),{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.nhl.com/trophies/awards062206\\.html \\|title\\=Thornton, Lidstrom big winners at Awards Show \\|access\\-date\\=11 February 2007 \\|website\\=NHL.com \\|year\\=2006 \\|author\\=Coffey, Phil \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012033200/http://www.nhl.com/trophies/awards062206\\.html \\|archive\\-date\\=12 October 2008 \\|url\\-status\\=dead}} the first of four consecutive awards. Datsyuk also earned a spot on the [Russian national team](/wiki/Russia_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team \"Russia men's national ice hockey team\") for the [2006 Winter Olympics](/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2006_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament \"Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament\") in [Turin](/wiki/Turin \"Turin\"), Italy.",
"#### 2006–2013: Ascent to stardom, Selke trophies, second Stanley Cup championship",
"During the [2006–07 season](/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_NHL_season \"2006–07 NHL season\"), Datsyuk debuted [Reebok](/wiki/Reebok \"Reebok\")'s new hockey stick, with holes bored into the shaft to make it more aerodynamic, dubbed the 9KO.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.nhl.com/nhl/app/?service\\=page\\&page\\=NewsPage\\&articleid\\=288793\\|title\\=Pushing the hockey envelope\\|access\\-date\\=11 February 2007\\|website\\=NHL.com\\|year\\=2007\\|author\\=Grossman, Evan}} {{Dead link\\|date\\=December 2015}} He completed the season matching his previous campaign's total of 87 points. Prior to the beginning of the [2007 playoffs](/wiki/2007_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2007 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), on 6 April 2007, Datsyuk signed a seven\\-year, US$46\\.9 million contract extension with the Red Wings.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://thehockeynews.com/news/red\\-wings\\-re\\-sign\\-star\\-centre\\-pavel\\-datsyuk\\-to\\-seven\\-year\\-deal \\|title\\=Red Wings re\\-sign star centre Pavel Datsyuk to seven\\-year deal \\|website\\=The Hockey News \\|date\\=April 6, 2007 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}}He then helped Detroit to another lengthy playoff run as they advanced to the Western Conference Finals against the eventual Stanley Cup champion [Anaheim Ducks](/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks \"Anaheim Ducks\"), who defeated the Red Wings in six games. He contributed 16 points (eight goals and assists) in all 18 games during the run.",
"[200px\\|right\\|thumb\\|Datsyuk hoisting the Stanley Cup in June 2008](/wiki/File:Pavel_Datsyuk_with_Stanley_Cup.jpg \"Pavel Datsyuk with Stanley Cup.jpg\")",
"In [2007–08](/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_NHL_season \"2007–08 NHL season\"), Datsyuk was voted by NHL fans, along with teammates [Nicklas Lidström](/wiki/Nicklas_Lidstr%C3%B6m \"Nicklas Lidström\") and [Henrik Zetterberg](/wiki/Henrik_Zetterberg \"Henrik Zetterberg\"), to start for the Western Conference in the [2008 All\\-Star Game](/wiki/56th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game \"56th National Hockey League All-Star Game\") at [Philips Arena](/wiki/Philips_Arena \"Philips Arena\") in [Atlanta](/wiki/Atlanta \"Atlanta\") on January 27, 2008\\.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.theoaklandpress.com/2008/01/08/lidstrom\\-joins\\-zetterberg\\-datsyuk\\-as\\-west\\-all\\-star\\-starters/ \\|title\\=Lidstrom joins Zetterberg, Datsyuk as West All\\-Star starters \\|website\\=The Oakland Press \\|date\\=January 8, 2008 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} He went on to have a career year, scoring a team\\-high 97 points (31 goals, 66 assists) in all 82 games while also leading all Red Wings forwards in blocked shots. In leading the team in scoring, he joined [Ted Lindsay](/wiki/Ted_Lindsay \"Ted Lindsay\"), [Gordie Howe](/wiki/Gordie_Howe \"Gordie Howe\") and [Steve Yzerman](/wiki/Steve_Yzerman \"Steve Yzerman\") as the only players in franchise history to do so in three consecutive seasons. The Red Wings would as a team would also go on to win the [Presidents' Trophy](/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy \"Presidents' Trophy\") as the regular season champions.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/14768\\-red\\-wings\\-does\\-presidents\\-trophy\\-mean\\-a\\-stanley\\-cup\\-or\\-an\\-early\\-exit \\|title\\=Red Wings: Does President's Trophy Mean a Stanley Cup or an Early Exit? \\|author\\=Vincent Zanotti \\|website\\=bleacherreport.com \\|publisher\\=Bleacher Report \\|date\\=March 26, 2008 \\|access\\-date\\=June 20, 2024}} Entering into the [2008 playoffs](/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2008 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), Datsyuk scored his first career NHL [hat\\-trick](/wiki/Hat-trick \"Hat-trick\") on 12 May, in a 5–2 win over the [Dallas Stars](/wiki/Dallas_Stars \"Dallas Stars\") in Game 3 of the Western Conference Finals,{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.reuters.com/article/sports/datsyuk\\-hat\\-trick\\-powers\\-wings\\-to\\-brink\\-of\\-finals\\-idUSSP273588/ \\|title\\=Datsyuk hat\\-trick powers Wings to brink of finals \\|website\\=Reuters \\|date\\=May 12, 2008 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} en route to a meeting in the [Finals](/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_Finals \"2008 Stanley Cup Finals\") with the [Pittsburgh Penguins](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins \"Pittsburgh Penguins\"). In Game 6 of the series, Datsyuk recorded two assists on goals by Henrik Zetterberg and [Brian Rafalski](/wiki/Brian_Rafalski \"Brian Rafalski\") in a 3–2 win to win the series in six games and clinch the team's 11th [Stanley Cup](/wiki/Stanley_Cup \"Stanley Cup\") title and its fourth title in 11 years and second for Datsyuk himself. Having led the NHL in 2007–08 with a [plus\\-minus](/wiki/Plus-minus_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Plus-minus (ice hockey)\") of \\+41 and 144 takeaways (58 more than [Mike Modano](/wiki/Mike_Modano \"Mike Modano\")'s second\\-best total of 86\\), Datsyuk was awarded the [Frank J. Selke Trophy](/wiki/Frank_J._Selke_Trophy \"Frank J. Selke Trophy\") as the League' best defensive forward. With just 20 penalty minutes, he also won the Lady Byng Trophy.{{cite news\\|title\\=Red Wings get hat trick at 'NHL Awards Show'\\|author\\=Ted Kulfan\\|newspaper\\=The Detroit News\\|url\\=http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID\\=/20080613/SPORTS0103/806130400/1128\\|access\\-date\\=13 June 2008}} In voting for the Selke, Datsyuk received 537 points (43 first place votes) while [John Madden](/wiki/John_Madden_%28ice_hockey%29 \"John Madden (ice hockey)\") of the [New Jersey Devils](/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils \"New Jersey Devils\") received 447 points and Datsyuk's linemate Henrik Zetterberg received 425 points. In voting for the Lady Byng, Datsyuk received 985 points (75 first place votes). In addition, Datsyuk became the first NHL player to win the Lady Byng three consecutive times in over 70 years, since [Frank Boucher](/wiki/Frank_Boucher \"Frank Boucher\") of the [New York Rangers](/wiki/New_York_Rangers \"New York Rangers\") won from 1933 to 1935\\. Datsyuk, [Anze Kopitar](/wiki/Anze_Kopitar \"Anze Kopitar\"), and [Ron Francis](/wiki/Ron_Francis \"Ron Francis\") are the only players to have been awarded both the Selke and Lady Byng trophies during their careers.",
"Datsyuk was selected to his third NHL All\\-Star Game in [2009](/wiki/57th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game \"57th National Hockey League All-Star Game\"), but due to a hip injury, he did not participate.{{cite web\\|title\\=Injuries will keep Datsyuk, Lidstrom out of All\\-Star game lineup\\|url\\=http://www.freep.com/article/20090121/BLOG09/90121103/1053/SPORTS05/Injuries\\+will\\+keep\\+Wings\\+\\+Datsyuk\\+\\+Lidstrom\\+out\\+of\\+All\\-Star\\+Game\\|access\\-date\\=21 January 2009\\|date\\=20 January 2009\\|work\\=\\[\\[Detroit Free Press]]\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124010152/http://freep.com/article/20090121/BLOG09/90121103/1053/SPORTS05/Injuries\\+will\\+keep\\+Wings\\+\\+Datsyuk\\+\\+Lidstrom\\+out\\+of\\+All\\-Star\\+Game\\|archive\\-date\\=24 January 2009}} However, as per a newly formed League policy stating players must demonstrate injury by missing at least one game prior to the All\\-Star Game, Datsyuk was suspended one game, along with teammate Nicklas Lidström, for not attending.{{cite web\\|title\\=Crosby attends All\\-Star game, Datsyuk, Lidstrom punished for sitting out\\|url\\=https://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5jVIzaYbBIxUkKro5gCLZlnJgVsew\\|access\\-date\\=28 January 2009\\|date\\=23 January 2009\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Canadian Press]]}}{{dead link\\|date\\=June 2024\\|bot\\=medic}}{{cbignore\\|bot\\=medic}} On 13 February 2009, Datsyuk played in his 500th NHL game in a 3–2 loss to the [Columbus Blue Jackets](/wiki/Columbus_Blue_Jackets \"Columbus Blue Jackets\") and recorded an assist in the game on a Nicklas Lidström goal. Datsyuk finished the [2008–09 season](/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_NHL_season \"2008–09 NHL season\") with 97 points (32 goals and 65 assists) in 81 games, matching his career high from the previous season. He also won the Frank J. Selke Trophy, beating out [Philadelphia Flyers](/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers \"Philadelphia Flyers\") center [Mike Richards](/wiki/Mike_Richards_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Mike Richards (ice hockey)\") and [Vancouver Canucks](/wiki/Vancouver_Canucks \"Vancouver Canucks\") center [Ryan Kesler](/wiki/Ryan_Kesler \"Ryan Kesler\"), and won the Lady Byng for the fourth consecutive season.[Red Wings' Pavel Datsyuk wins Selke, Lady Byng; Zdeno Chara ends Nicklas Lidstrom's Norris run](http://www.mlive.com/redwings/index.ssf/2009/06/pavel_datsyuk_wins_second_stra.html). Mlive.com. 18 June 2009\\. Retrieved on 1 January 2012\\. Datsyuk also received a nomination for the [Best NHL Player Award](/wiki/Best_NHL_Player_ESPY_Award \"Best NHL Player ESPY Award\") at the [ESPYs](/wiki/ESPY \"ESPY\"), but lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins' center and captain [Sidney Crosby](/wiki/Sidney_Crosby \"Sidney Crosby\").{{cite web\\|title\\=2009 ESPY Awards, Sports Star Nominees, Winners, TV Schedule, Pictures\\|url\\=http://www.chiff.com/recreation/sports/espy\\-awards.htm\\#espy\\|access\\-date\\=17 July 2009}} In the [2009 playoffs](/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2009 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), Datsyuk and the Red Wings would reach the [Stanley Cup Finals](/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_Finals \"2009 Stanley Cup Finals\") for a second consecutive season against the Pittsburgh Penguins and third time under Datsyuk's career which would see the Red Wings fall to the Penguins in seven games, one win short from a second consecutive Stanley Cup championship and third altogether.{{cite web \\|url\\= https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/290527005 \\|archive\\-url\\= https://web.archive.org/web/20181117151449/http://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/290527005 \\|url\\-status\\= dead \\|archive\\-date\\= 17 November 2018 \\|title\\=Helm goal lifts Red Wings into Stanley Cup finals \\|agency\\=Associated Press \\|website\\=\\[\\[ESPN]] \\|publisher\\=ESPN \\|date\\=28 May 2009 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2024}}",
"Datsyuk finished with his lowest end\\-of\\-season point total since the lockout in the [2009–10 season](/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_NHL_season \"2009–10 NHL season\"), scoring 70 points in 80 games for his third straight Selke Trophy.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://thehockeynews.com/news/detroit\\-red\\-wings\\-forward\\-pavel\\-datsyuk\\-wins\\-third\\-straight\\-selke\\-trophy \\|title\\=Detroit Red Wings forward Pavel Datsyuk wins third straight Selke Trophy \\|website\\=The Hockey News \\|date\\=June 20, 2010 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} As a result of early season injuries to sniper [Johan Franzén](/wiki/Johan_Franz%C3%A9n \"Johan Franzén\"), center [Valtteri Filppula](/wiki/Valtteri_Filppula \"Valtteri Filppula\") and defenceman [Niklas Kronwall](/wiki/Niklas_Kronwall \"Niklas Kronwall\"), the Red Wings struggled to find consistency. However, a strong finish escalated the team from ninth place in the Western Conference in February to fifth place. Datsyuk scored the first two goals in Game 7 of the first round against the fourth seeded [Phoenix Coyotes](/wiki/Phoenix_Coyotes \"Phoenix Coyotes\"), including a breakaway deke on [Ilya Bryzgalov](/wiki/Ilya_Bryzgalov \"Ilya Bryzgalov\"), that sent the Wings to the second round for the fourth consecutive playoff season.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2010/04/27/datsyuk\\-detroit\\-end\\-coyotes\\-season\\-with\\-6\\-1\\-rout/ \\|title\\=Datsyuk, Detroit end Coyotes' season with 6\\-1 rout \\|website\\=The San Diego Union\\-Tribune \\|date\\=April 16, 2010 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} The Red Wings, however, lost in five games to the top seeded [San Jose Sharks](/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks \"San Jose Sharks\").",
"[thumb\\|left\\|200px\\|Datsyuk in November 2012 playing for CSKA during the 2012 NHL lockout](/wiki/File:Pavel_Datsyuk_2012-11-28.jpg \"Pavel Datsyuk 2012-11-28.jpg\")",
"Datsyuk achieved a [Gordie Howe hat trick](/wiki/Gordie_Howe_hat_trick \"Gordie Howe hat trick\") on the opening night of the [2010–11 season](/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_NHL_season \"2010–11 NHL season\") on October 8, 2010, against the [Anaheim Ducks](/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks \"Anaheim Ducks\") with a goal, an assist and a fight, which came against [Corey Perry](/wiki/Corey_Perry \"Corey Perry\").{{cite web \\|url\\=https://detroit.sbnation.com/detroit\\-red\\-wings/2010/10/9/1740034/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-fight\\-corey\\-perry\\-gordie\\-howe\\-hat\\-trick\\-video \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk Fights Corey Perry, Records Gordie Howe Hat Trick (Video) \\|website\\=SBNation \\|date\\=October 9, 2010 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} On 22 December, Datsyuk suffered a broken wrist in a game against the Vancouver Canucks, causing him to miss the next 19 games.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/news/story?id\\=5949104 \\|author\\=ESPN services \\|title\\= Wrist injury to sideline Pavel Datsyuk \\|website\\=\\[\\[ESPN]] \\|publisher\\=ESPN \\|date\\=22 December 2010 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2024}}{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/310207005 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409011027/https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/310207005 \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archive\\-date\\=9 April 2024 \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk helps Red Wings extend Rangers' woes \\|website\\=\\[\\[ESPN]] \\|publisher\\=ESPN \\|agency\\=Associated Press \\|date\\=7 February 2011 \\|access\\-date\\=8 April 2024}} After an injury\\-shortened season with 23 goals, 36 assists and 59 points in 56 games, Datsyuk was yet again impressive in the [2011 playoffs](/wiki/2011_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2011 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), leading his team with 15 points (four goals, 11 assists) in all 11 games. After sweeping the sixth seeded Phoenix Coyotes in the first round, the Red Wings fell behind 3–0 to the second seeded San Jose Sharks in the second round (which also happened the previous year), Datsyuk almost led his team back from the deficit to win the series; a Game 5\\-winning assist to [Tomas Holmström](/wiki/Tomas_Holmstr%C3%B6m \"Tomas Holmström\")'s goal, a Game 6\\-winning assist to Valtteri Filppula's goal and a Game 7 late backhand goal highlighted Datsyuk's heroics in an eventual losing effort.",
"During the entirety of the 2011 pre\\-season, Datsyuk wore jersey number 24 as a tribute to former teammate [Ruslan Salei](/wiki/Ruslan_Salei \"Ruslan Salei\"), who perished on 7 September 2011, in the [Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash](/wiki/Lokomotiv_Yaroslavl_plane_crash \"Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash\"), along with 43 others until switching back to his usual number 13 for the [2011–12 season](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_NHL_season \"2011–12 NHL season\").{{cite web \\|last1\\=O'Brien \\|first1\\=James \\|date\\=September 17, 2011 \\|url\\=https://www.nbcsports.com/nhl/news/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-will\\-wear\\-number\\-24\\-during\\-the\\-preseason\\-to\\-honor\\-former\\-teammate\\-ruslan\\-salei \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk will wear number 24 during the preseason to honor former teammate Ruslan Salei \\|website\\=NBC Sports \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}}Datsyuk was an early\\-season candidate for the [Hart Memorial Trophy](/wiki/Hart_Memorial_Trophy \"Hart Memorial Trophy\"), awarded to the League MVP, until a knee injury in February 2012 forced the Red Wings into a slump.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://torontosun.com/2012/02/21/datsyuk\\-out\\-two\\-weeks\\-following\\-minor\\-knee\\-surgery \\|title\\=NHL notes: Datsyuk out following knee surgery \\|website\\=Toronto Sun \\|date\\=February 17, 2012 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} The team dropped from first place in the Western Conference in February to fifth place at the end of the season, where they drew the fourth seeded [Nashville Predators](/wiki/Nashville_Predators \"Nashville Predators\") in the first round of the [2012 playoffs](/wiki/2012_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), losing the series in five games. Datsyuk finished the [season](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Detroit_Red_Wings_season \"2011–12 Detroit Red Wings season\") with 67 points (19 goals, 48 assists) in 70 games for the season followed by one goals, two assists and three points in all five playoff games, and was also named to the [2012 NHL All\\-Star Game](/wiki/59th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game \"59th National Hockey League All-Star Game\") in [Ottawa](/wiki/Ottawa \"Ottawa\").{{cite web \\|last1\\=Princess \\|first1\\=Chuck \\|date\\=January 12, 2012 \\|url\\=https://www.ctinsider.com/news/article/Pavel\\-Datsyuk\\-and\\-Jimmy\\-Howard\\-named\\-NHL\\-11477386\\.php \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk and Jimmy Howard named NHL all\\-stars; Nicklas Lidstrom not on list \\|website\\=CT Insider \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}}",
"As the NHL entered its second lockout in eight years in [2012–13](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_lockout \"2012–13 NHL lockout\"), Datsyuk followed other prominent NHL players, such as [Washington Capitals](/wiki/Washington_Capitals \"Washington Capitals\") winger and captain [Alexander Ovechkin](/wiki/Alexander_Ovechkin \"Alexander Ovechkin\") and Pittsburgh Penguins center [Evgeni Malkin](/wiki/Evgeni_Malkin \"Evgeni Malkin\"), in playing overseas while the lockout was in effect; he signed with [CSKA Moscow](/wiki/HC_CSKA_Moscow \"HC CSKA Moscow\") of the [Kontinental Hockey League](/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League \"Kontinental Hockey League\") (KHL) on 16 September 2012\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.mlive.com/redwings/index.ssf/2012/09/red\\_wings\\_pavel\\_datsyuk\\_signs.html \\|title\\=Red Wings' Pavel Datsyuk signs with Russian club for duration of NHL lockout\\| website \\= MLive.com\\|date\\=16 September 2012\\|access\\-date\\=7 April 2014}} Datsyuk tallied 36 points in 31 games. When play for the NHL resumed in [January 2013](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_season \"2012–13 NHL season\") for a 48 game\\-shortened regular season, Datsyuk returned to the Red Wings and managed to score 15 goals, 34 assists for 49 points in 47 games. Detroit would make it back to the second round of the [2013 playoffs](/wiki/2013_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2013 Stanley Cup playoffs\") where they were defeated by the Presidents' Trophy\\-winning and eventual Stanley Cup champion [Chicago Blackhawks](/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks \"Chicago Blackhawks\") in seven games via an overtime goal in game seven by Blackhawks defenceman [Brent Seabrook](/wiki/Brent_Seabrook \"Brent Seabrook\"). The Red Wings lost the series despite being ahead at one point three games to one.",
"#### 2013–2016: Final years in Detroit",
"On 18 June 2013, Datsyuk signed a three\\-year extension to stay with Detroit.{{cite web \\|last1\\=Dadoun \\|first1\\=Ryan \\|title\\=Datsyuk announces three\\-year, $22\\.5 million extension with Red Wings \\|url\\=https://www.nbcsports.com/nhl/news/datsyuk\\-announces\\-three\\-year\\-extension\\-with\\-red\\-wings \\|website\\=NBC Sports \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2024 \\|date\\=18 June 2013}} On 23 November, Datsyuk suffered a concussion against the [Ottawa Senators](/wiki/Ottawa_Senators \"Ottawa Senators\") causing him to miss the next six games.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nhl/wings/2013/11/24/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-injury/3690883/ \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk improving after head hit \\|author\\=Helene St. James \\|website\\=usatoday.com \\|publisher\\=USA Today \\|date\\=24 November 2013 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2024}} Throughout the [2013–14 campaign](/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_NHL_season \"2013–14 NHL season\"), Datsyuk had also been hampered by a knee injury which resulted in him missing 15 games after the season resumed following the Olympic break.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.thescore.com/nhl/news/439387 \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk is still feeling pain in his knee, but hopes to play Wednesday, Ansar Khan of MLive reports. \\|website\\=thescore.com \\|publisher\\=The Score \\|author\\=Rotowire \\|date\\=25 February 2014 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2014}} He finished the injury\\-shortened 2013–14 season with 17 goals and 20 assists for 37 points in 45 games played along with five points (three goals, two assists) in all five playoff games in a Red Wings first round exit in the [2014 playoffs](/wiki/2014_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2014 Stanley Cup playoffs\") to the [Presidents' Trophy](/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy \"Presidents' Trophy\")\\-winning [Boston Bruins](/wiki/Boston_Bruins \"Boston Bruins\").{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.mlive.com/redwings/2014/05/red\\_wings\\_2013\\-14\\_season\\_grade.html \\|author\\=Ansar Khan \\|website\\=milive.com \\|publisher\\=MI live \\|title\\=Red Wings 2013\\-14 season grades: Young players scored high marks; some veterans underachieved \\|date\\=4 May 2014 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2024}}",
"Datsyuk missed the first five games of the [2014–15 regular season](/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Detroit_Red_Wings_season \"2014–15 Detroit Red Wings season\") due to a separated shoulder sustained in a pre\\-season game against the [Pittsburgh Penguins](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins \"Pittsburgh Penguins\") on 22 September 2014\\.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/\\_/id/11581506/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-detroit\\-red\\-wings\\-miss\\-month\\-separated\\-shoulder \\|title\\=Separated shoulder for Pavel Datsyuk \\|website\\=\\[\\[ESPN]] \\|publisher\\=ESPN \\|date\\=22 September 2014 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2014}} He ultimately finished the season with 26 goals and 39 assists for 65 points in 63 contests played followed by five points (three goals, two assists) in all seven games in the [2015 playoffs](/wiki/2015_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2015 Stanley Cup playoffs\") in the Red Wings first seven\\-game round exit to the [Tampa Bay Lightning](/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Lightning \"Tampa Bay Lightning\") and was a finalist for the [Lady Byng Memorial Trophy](/wiki/Lady_Byng_Memorial_Trophy \"Lady Byng Memorial Trophy\") for the sixth time in his career with former Red Wing teammate [Jiri Hudler](/wiki/Jiri_Hudler \"Jiri Hudler\") of the [Calgary Flames](/wiki/Calgary_Flames \"Calgary Flames\") receiving the award.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://octopusthrower.com/2015/07/12/detroit\\-red\\-wings\\-pavel\\-datsyuk\\-effect/ \\|title\\=Detroit Red Wings: The Pavel Datsyuk Statistical Effect \\|website\\=octopusthrower.com \\|publisher\\=Octopus Thrower \\|date\\=12 July 2015 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2014}}{{cite web\\|url\\=https://ca.movies.yahoo.com/movies/blogs/nhl\\-puck\\-daddy/how\\-jiri\\-hudler\\-won\\-the\\-2015\\-lady\\-byng\\-trophy\\-005808611\\.html \\|title\\=How Jiri Hudler won the 2015 Lady Byng Trophy \\|website\\=yahoo.com \\|publisher\\=Yahoo Movies \\|author\\=Greg Wyshynski \\|date\\=24 June 2015 \\|access\\-date\\=8 April 2024}}{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/400790532 \\|title\\=Ben Bishop has 31 saves as Lightning bury Red Wings on 2 late goals \\|website\\=\\[\\[ESPN]] \\|publisher\\=ESPN \\|agency\\=Associated Press \\|date\\=30 April 2015 \\|access\\-date\\=8 April 2024}}",
"On 14 February 2016, Datsyuk recorded his 900th point against in a 6–5 win over the Boston Bruins with a goal on Bruins' goaltender [Tuukka Rask](/wiki/Tuukka_Rask \"Tuukka Rask\") to become the sixth Red Wing player and fifth Russian player in league history to reach the milestone.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/\\_/id/14778532/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-reaches\\-900\\-point\\-milestone\\-detroit\\-red\\-wings \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk hits 900\\-point milestone with Red Wings\\|publisher\\=ESPN\\|date\\=14 February 2016\\|access\\-date\\=14 February 2016}} Datsyuk was named the [First Star of the Week](/wiki/List_of_2015%E2%80%9316_NHL_Three_Star_Awards \"List of 2015–16 NHL Three Star Awards\") for the week ending 15 February. He shared the league lead with five goals and tied for second overall with seven points in four games to help lead the Red Wings to seven out of a possible eight standings points.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://redwings.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id\\=868916 \\|title\\=Datsyuk ends week as NHL's first star\\|website\\=NHL.com\\|date\\=15 February 2016\\|access\\-date\\=15 February 2016}} Datsyuk completed the [2015–16 season](/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Detroit_Red_Wings_season \"2015–16 Detroit Red Wings season\") playing in 66 games with 16 goals, 33 assists and 49 points and was held pointless in all five games in the [2016 playoffs](/wiki/2016_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2016 Stanley Cup playoffs\") in the Red Wings first round exit to the Tampa Bay Lightning for the second straight season with this series ending in five games this time around.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/400874124 \\|title\\=Alex Killorn scores winning goal as Lightning oust Red Wings again \\|website\\=\\[\\[ESPN]] \\|publisher\\=ESPN \\|agency\\=Associated Press \\|date\\=21 April 2016 \\|access\\-date\\=8 April 2024}}",
"On 18 June 2016, Datsyuk announced that he was leaving Detroit to play in Russia, ending his 14\\-year career with the Red Wings. He left the Wings having won two Stanley Cups (2002 and 2008\\), four consecutive Lady Byng trophies (2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009\\), 953 games played, and 918 points. He was the last remaining member of the Wings' 2002 Stanley Cup Championship team.{{cite news\\|title\\=Datsyuk leaving Red Wings to play in Russia\\|url\\=https://www.nhl.com/news/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-leaving\\-red\\-wings\\-to\\-play\\-in\\-russia/c\\-280994594\\|publisher\\=NHL\\|date\\=18 June 2016\\|access\\-date\\=19 June 2016}}{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red\\-wings/2016/06/18/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-leaving\\-detroit\\-red\\-wings/86081818/ \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk leaving Detroit Red Wings: He retired from the NHL with 2 Stanley Cups and 4 Lady Byng's 'I have to go back home'\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Detroit Free Press]]\\|first\\=Helene\\|last\\=St. James\\|date\\=18 June 2016\\|access\\-date\\=18 June 2016}}",
"On 24 June 2016, the Red Wings traded Datsyuk's contract to the [Arizona Coyotes](/wiki/Arizona_Coyotes \"Arizona Coyotes\") along with the 16th overall pick in the [2016 NHL Entry Draft](/wiki/2016_NHL_Entry_Draft \"2016 NHL Entry Draft\"), in exchange for the 20th overall pick, the 53rd overall pick, and [Joe Vitale](/wiki/Joe_Vitale_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Joe Vitale (ice hockey)\") in order for the Red Wings to clear [salary cap](/wiki/Salary_cap \"Salary cap\") space.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red\\-wings/2016/06/24/detroit\\-red\\-wings\\-2016\\-nhl\\-draft\\-first\\-round/86362374/ \\|title\\=Red Wings trade Pavel Datsyuk contract to Arizona on draft night \\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Detroit Free Press]]\\|first\\=Helene\\|last\\=St. James\\|date\\=24 June 2016\\|access\\-date\\=24 June 2016}}",
""
] |
#### 2006–2013: Ascent to stardom, Selke trophies, second Stanley Cup championship
During the [2006–07 season](/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_NHL_season "2006–07 NHL season"), Datsyuk debuted [Reebok](/wiki/Reebok "Reebok")'s new hockey stick, with holes bored into the shaft to make it more aerodynamic, dubbed the 9KO.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.nhl.com/nhl/app/?service\=page\&page\=NewsPage\&articleid\=288793\|title\=Pushing the hockey envelope\|access\-date\=11 February 2007\|website\=NHL.com\|year\=2007\|author\=Grossman, Evan}} {{Dead link\|date\=December 2015}} He completed the season matching his previous campaign's total of 87 points. Prior to the beginning of the [2007 playoffs](/wiki/2007_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2007 Stanley Cup playoffs"), on 6 April 2007, Datsyuk signed a seven\-year, US$46\.9 million contract extension with the Red Wings.{{cite web \|url\=https://thehockeynews.com/news/red\-wings\-re\-sign\-star\-centre\-pavel\-datsyuk\-to\-seven\-year\-deal \|title\=Red Wings re\-sign star centre Pavel Datsyuk to seven\-year deal \|website\=The Hockey News \|date\=April 6, 2007 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}}He then helped Detroit to another lengthy playoff run as they advanced to the Western Conference Finals against the eventual Stanley Cup champion [Anaheim Ducks](/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks "Anaheim Ducks"), who defeated the Red Wings in six games. He contributed 16 points (eight goals and assists) in all 18 games during the run.
[200px\|right\|thumb\|Datsyuk hoisting the Stanley Cup in June 2008](/wiki/File:Pavel_Datsyuk_with_Stanley_Cup.jpg "Pavel Datsyuk with Stanley Cup.jpg")
In [2007–08](/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_NHL_season "2007–08 NHL season"), Datsyuk was voted by NHL fans, along with teammates [Nicklas Lidström](/wiki/Nicklas_Lidstr%C3%B6m "Nicklas Lidström") and [Henrik Zetterberg](/wiki/Henrik_Zetterberg "Henrik Zetterberg"), to start for the Western Conference in the [2008 All\-Star Game](/wiki/56th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game "56th National Hockey League All-Star Game") at [Philips Arena](/wiki/Philips_Arena "Philips Arena") in [Atlanta](/wiki/Atlanta "Atlanta") on January 27, 2008\.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.theoaklandpress.com/2008/01/08/lidstrom\-joins\-zetterberg\-datsyuk\-as\-west\-all\-star\-starters/ \|title\=Lidstrom joins Zetterberg, Datsyuk as West All\-Star starters \|website\=The Oakland Press \|date\=January 8, 2008 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} He went on to have a career year, scoring a team\-high 97 points (31 goals, 66 assists) in all 82 games while also leading all Red Wings forwards in blocked shots. In leading the team in scoring, he joined [Ted Lindsay](/wiki/Ted_Lindsay "Ted Lindsay"), [Gordie Howe](/wiki/Gordie_Howe "Gordie Howe") and [Steve Yzerman](/wiki/Steve_Yzerman "Steve Yzerman") as the only players in franchise history to do so in three consecutive seasons. The Red Wings would as a team would also go on to win the [Presidents' Trophy](/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy "Presidents' Trophy") as the regular season champions.{{cite web\|url\=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/14768\-red\-wings\-does\-presidents\-trophy\-mean\-a\-stanley\-cup\-or\-an\-early\-exit \|title\=Red Wings: Does President's Trophy Mean a Stanley Cup or an Early Exit? \|author\=Vincent Zanotti \|website\=bleacherreport.com \|publisher\=Bleacher Report \|date\=March 26, 2008 \|access\-date\=June 20, 2024}} Entering into the [2008 playoffs](/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2008 Stanley Cup playoffs"), Datsyuk scored his first career NHL [hat\-trick](/wiki/Hat-trick "Hat-trick") on 12 May, in a 5–2 win over the [Dallas Stars](/wiki/Dallas_Stars "Dallas Stars") in Game 3 of the Western Conference Finals,{{cite web \|url\=https://www.reuters.com/article/sports/datsyuk\-hat\-trick\-powers\-wings\-to\-brink\-of\-finals\-idUSSP273588/ \|title\=Datsyuk hat\-trick powers Wings to brink of finals \|website\=Reuters \|date\=May 12, 2008 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} en route to a meeting in the [Finals](/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_Finals "2008 Stanley Cup Finals") with the [Pittsburgh Penguins](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins "Pittsburgh Penguins"). In Game 6 of the series, Datsyuk recorded two assists on goals by Henrik Zetterberg and [Brian Rafalski](/wiki/Brian_Rafalski "Brian Rafalski") in a 3–2 win to win the series in six games and clinch the team's 11th [Stanley Cup](/wiki/Stanley_Cup "Stanley Cup") title and its fourth title in 11 years and second for Datsyuk himself. Having led the NHL in 2007–08 with a [plus\-minus](/wiki/Plus-minus_%28ice_hockey%29 "Plus-minus (ice hockey)") of \+41 and 144 takeaways (58 more than [Mike Modano](/wiki/Mike_Modano "Mike Modano")'s second\-best total of 86\), Datsyuk was awarded the [Frank J. Selke Trophy](/wiki/Frank_J._Selke_Trophy "Frank J. Selke Trophy") as the League' best defensive forward. With just 20 penalty minutes, he also won the Lady Byng Trophy.{{cite news\|title\=Red Wings get hat trick at 'NHL Awards Show'\|author\=Ted Kulfan\|newspaper\=The Detroit News\|url\=http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID\=/20080613/SPORTS0103/806130400/1128\|access\-date\=13 June 2008}} In voting for the Selke, Datsyuk received 537 points (43 first place votes) while [John Madden](/wiki/John_Madden_%28ice_hockey%29 "John Madden (ice hockey)") of the [New Jersey Devils](/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils "New Jersey Devils") received 447 points and Datsyuk's linemate Henrik Zetterberg received 425 points. In voting for the Lady Byng, Datsyuk received 985 points (75 first place votes). In addition, Datsyuk became the first NHL player to win the Lady Byng three consecutive times in over 70 years, since [Frank Boucher](/wiki/Frank_Boucher "Frank Boucher") of the [New York Rangers](/wiki/New_York_Rangers "New York Rangers") won from 1933 to 1935\. Datsyuk, [Anze Kopitar](/wiki/Anze_Kopitar "Anze Kopitar"), and [Ron Francis](/wiki/Ron_Francis "Ron Francis") are the only players to have been awarded both the Selke and Lady Byng trophies during their careers.
Datsyuk was selected to his third NHL All\-Star Game in [2009](/wiki/57th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game "57th National Hockey League All-Star Game"), but due to a hip injury, he did not participate.{{cite web\|title\=Injuries will keep Datsyuk, Lidstrom out of All\-Star game lineup\|url\=http://www.freep.com/article/20090121/BLOG09/90121103/1053/SPORTS05/Injuries\+will\+keep\+Wings\+\+Datsyuk\+\+Lidstrom\+out\+of\+All\-Star\+Game\|access\-date\=21 January 2009\|date\=20 January 2009\|work\=\[\[Detroit Free Press]]\|url\-status\=dead\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124010152/http://freep.com/article/20090121/BLOG09/90121103/1053/SPORTS05/Injuries\+will\+keep\+Wings\+\+Datsyuk\+\+Lidstrom\+out\+of\+All\-Star\+Game\|archive\-date\=24 January 2009}} However, as per a newly formed League policy stating players must demonstrate injury by missing at least one game prior to the All\-Star Game, Datsyuk was suspended one game, along with teammate Nicklas Lidström, for not attending.{{cite web\|title\=Crosby attends All\-Star game, Datsyuk, Lidstrom punished for sitting out\|url\=https://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5jVIzaYbBIxUkKro5gCLZlnJgVsew\|access\-date\=28 January 2009\|date\=23 January 2009\|agency\=\[\[Canadian Press]]}}{{dead link\|date\=June 2024\|bot\=medic}}{{cbignore\|bot\=medic}} On 13 February 2009, Datsyuk played in his 500th NHL game in a 3–2 loss to the [Columbus Blue Jackets](/wiki/Columbus_Blue_Jackets "Columbus Blue Jackets") and recorded an assist in the game on a Nicklas Lidström goal. Datsyuk finished the [2008–09 season](/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_NHL_season "2008–09 NHL season") with 97 points (32 goals and 65 assists) in 81 games, matching his career high from the previous season. He also won the Frank J. Selke Trophy, beating out [Philadelphia Flyers](/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers "Philadelphia Flyers") center [Mike Richards](/wiki/Mike_Richards_%28ice_hockey%29 "Mike Richards (ice hockey)") and [Vancouver Canucks](/wiki/Vancouver_Canucks "Vancouver Canucks") center [Ryan Kesler](/wiki/Ryan_Kesler "Ryan Kesler"), and won the Lady Byng for the fourth consecutive season.[Red Wings' Pavel Datsyuk wins Selke, Lady Byng; Zdeno Chara ends Nicklas Lidstrom's Norris run](http://www.mlive.com/redwings/index.ssf/2009/06/pavel_datsyuk_wins_second_stra.html). Mlive.com. 18 June 2009\. Retrieved on 1 January 2012\. Datsyuk also received a nomination for the [Best NHL Player Award](/wiki/Best_NHL_Player_ESPY_Award "Best NHL Player ESPY Award") at the [ESPYs](/wiki/ESPY "ESPY"), but lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins' center and captain [Sidney Crosby](/wiki/Sidney_Crosby "Sidney Crosby").{{cite web\|title\=2009 ESPY Awards, Sports Star Nominees, Winners, TV Schedule, Pictures\|url\=http://www.chiff.com/recreation/sports/espy\-awards.htm\#espy\|access\-date\=17 July 2009}} In the [2009 playoffs](/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2009 Stanley Cup playoffs"), Datsyuk and the Red Wings would reach the [Stanley Cup Finals](/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_Finals "2009 Stanley Cup Finals") for a second consecutive season against the Pittsburgh Penguins and third time under Datsyuk's career which would see the Red Wings fall to the Penguins in seven games, one win short from a second consecutive Stanley Cup championship and third altogether.{{cite web \|url\= https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/290527005 \|archive\-url\= https://web.archive.org/web/20181117151449/http://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/290527005 \|url\-status\= dead \|archive\-date\= 17 November 2018 \|title\=Helm goal lifts Red Wings into Stanley Cup finals \|agency\=Associated Press \|website\=\[\[ESPN]] \|publisher\=ESPN \|date\=28 May 2009 \|access\-date\=27 March 2024}}
Datsyuk finished with his lowest end\-of\-season point total since the lockout in the [2009–10 season](/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_NHL_season "2009–10 NHL season"), scoring 70 points in 80 games for his third straight Selke Trophy.{{cite web \|url\=https://thehockeynews.com/news/detroit\-red\-wings\-forward\-pavel\-datsyuk\-wins\-third\-straight\-selke\-trophy \|title\=Detroit Red Wings forward Pavel Datsyuk wins third straight Selke Trophy \|website\=The Hockey News \|date\=June 20, 2010 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} As a result of early season injuries to sniper [Johan Franzén](/wiki/Johan_Franz%C3%A9n "Johan Franzén"), center [Valtteri Filppula](/wiki/Valtteri_Filppula "Valtteri Filppula") and defenceman [Niklas Kronwall](/wiki/Niklas_Kronwall "Niklas Kronwall"), the Red Wings struggled to find consistency. However, a strong finish escalated the team from ninth place in the Western Conference in February to fifth place. Datsyuk scored the first two goals in Game 7 of the first round against the fourth seeded [Phoenix Coyotes](/wiki/Phoenix_Coyotes "Phoenix Coyotes"), including a breakaway deke on [Ilya Bryzgalov](/wiki/Ilya_Bryzgalov "Ilya Bryzgalov"), that sent the Wings to the second round for the fourth consecutive playoff season.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2010/04/27/datsyuk\-detroit\-end\-coyotes\-season\-with\-6\-1\-rout/ \|title\=Datsyuk, Detroit end Coyotes' season with 6\-1 rout \|website\=The San Diego Union\-Tribune \|date\=April 16, 2010 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} The Red Wings, however, lost in five games to the top seeded [San Jose Sharks](/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks "San Jose Sharks").
[thumb\|left\|200px\|Datsyuk in November 2012 playing for CSKA during the 2012 NHL lockout](/wiki/File:Pavel_Datsyuk_2012-11-28.jpg "Pavel Datsyuk 2012-11-28.jpg")
Datsyuk achieved a [Gordie Howe hat trick](/wiki/Gordie_Howe_hat_trick "Gordie Howe hat trick") on the opening night of the [2010–11 season](/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_NHL_season "2010–11 NHL season") on October 8, 2010, against the [Anaheim Ducks](/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks "Anaheim Ducks") with a goal, an assist and a fight, which came against [Corey Perry](/wiki/Corey_Perry "Corey Perry").{{cite web \|url\=https://detroit.sbnation.com/detroit\-red\-wings/2010/10/9/1740034/pavel\-datsyuk\-fight\-corey\-perry\-gordie\-howe\-hat\-trick\-video \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk Fights Corey Perry, Records Gordie Howe Hat Trick (Video) \|website\=SBNation \|date\=October 9, 2010 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} On 22 December, Datsyuk suffered a broken wrist in a game against the Vancouver Canucks, causing him to miss the next 19 games.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/news/story?id\=5949104 \|author\=ESPN services \|title\= Wrist injury to sideline Pavel Datsyuk \|website\=\[\[ESPN]] \|publisher\=ESPN \|date\=22 December 2010 \|access\-date\=27 March 2024}}{{cite web\|url\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/310207005 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409011027/https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\_/gameId/310207005 \|url\-status\=dead \|archive\-date\=9 April 2024 \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk helps Red Wings extend Rangers' woes \|website\=\[\[ESPN]] \|publisher\=ESPN \|agency\=Associated Press \|date\=7 February 2011 \|access\-date\=8 April 2024}} After an injury\-shortened season with 23 goals, 36 assists and 59 points in 56 games, Datsyuk was yet again impressive in the [2011 playoffs](/wiki/2011_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2011 Stanley Cup playoffs"), leading his team with 15 points (four goals, 11 assists) in all 11 games. After sweeping the sixth seeded Phoenix Coyotes in the first round, the Red Wings fell behind 3–0 to the second seeded San Jose Sharks in the second round (which also happened the previous year), Datsyuk almost led his team back from the deficit to win the series; a Game 5\-winning assist to [Tomas Holmström](/wiki/Tomas_Holmstr%C3%B6m "Tomas Holmström")'s goal, a Game 6\-winning assist to Valtteri Filppula's goal and a Game 7 late backhand goal highlighted Datsyuk's heroics in an eventual losing effort.
During the entirety of the 2011 pre\-season, Datsyuk wore jersey number 24 as a tribute to former teammate [Ruslan Salei](/wiki/Ruslan_Salei "Ruslan Salei"), who perished on 7 September 2011, in the [Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash](/wiki/Lokomotiv_Yaroslavl_plane_crash "Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash"), along with 43 others until switching back to his usual number 13 for the [2011–12 season](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_NHL_season "2011–12 NHL season").{{cite web \|last1\=O'Brien \|first1\=James \|date\=September 17, 2011 \|url\=https://www.nbcsports.com/nhl/news/pavel\-datsyuk\-will\-wear\-number\-24\-during\-the\-preseason\-to\-honor\-former\-teammate\-ruslan\-salei \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk will wear number 24 during the preseason to honor former teammate Ruslan Salei \|website\=NBC Sports \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}}Datsyuk was an early\-season candidate for the [Hart Memorial Trophy](/wiki/Hart_Memorial_Trophy "Hart Memorial Trophy"), awarded to the League MVP, until a knee injury in February 2012 forced the Red Wings into a slump.{{cite web \|url\=https://torontosun.com/2012/02/21/datsyuk\-out\-two\-weeks\-following\-minor\-knee\-surgery \|title\=NHL notes: Datsyuk out following knee surgery \|website\=Toronto Sun \|date\=February 17, 2012 \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}} The team dropped from first place in the Western Conference in February to fifth place at the end of the season, where they drew the fourth seeded [Nashville Predators](/wiki/Nashville_Predators "Nashville Predators") in the first round of the [2012 playoffs](/wiki/2012_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs"), losing the series in five games. Datsyuk finished the [season](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Detroit_Red_Wings_season "2011–12 Detroit Red Wings season") with 67 points (19 goals, 48 assists) in 70 games for the season followed by one goals, two assists and three points in all five playoff games, and was also named to the [2012 NHL All\-Star Game](/wiki/59th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game "59th National Hockey League All-Star Game") in [Ottawa](/wiki/Ottawa "Ottawa").{{cite web \|last1\=Princess \|first1\=Chuck \|date\=January 12, 2012 \|url\=https://www.ctinsider.com/news/article/Pavel\-Datsyuk\-and\-Jimmy\-Howard\-named\-NHL\-11477386\.php \|title\=Pavel Datsyuk and Jimmy Howard named NHL all\-stars; Nicklas Lidstrom not on list \|website\=CT Insider \|access\-date\=September 16, 2024}}
As the NHL entered its second lockout in eight years in [2012–13](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_lockout "2012–13 NHL lockout"), Datsyuk followed other prominent NHL players, such as [Washington Capitals](/wiki/Washington_Capitals "Washington Capitals") winger and captain [Alexander Ovechkin](/wiki/Alexander_Ovechkin "Alexander Ovechkin") and Pittsburgh Penguins center [Evgeni Malkin](/wiki/Evgeni_Malkin "Evgeni Malkin"), in playing overseas while the lockout was in effect; he signed with [CSKA Moscow](/wiki/HC_CSKA_Moscow "HC CSKA Moscow") of the [Kontinental Hockey League](/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League "Kontinental Hockey League") (KHL) on 16 September 2012\.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.mlive.com/redwings/index.ssf/2012/09/red\_wings\_pavel\_datsyuk\_signs.html \|title\=Red Wings' Pavel Datsyuk signs with Russian club for duration of NHL lockout\| website \= MLive.com\|date\=16 September 2012\|access\-date\=7 April 2014}} Datsyuk tallied 36 points in 31 games. When play for the NHL resumed in [January 2013](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_season "2012–13 NHL season") for a 48 game\-shortened regular season, Datsyuk returned to the Red Wings and managed to score 15 goals, 34 assists for 49 points in 47 games. Detroit would make it back to the second round of the [2013 playoffs](/wiki/2013_Stanley_Cup_playoffs "2013 Stanley Cup playoffs") where they were defeated by the Presidents' Trophy\-winning and eventual Stanley Cup champion [Chicago Blackhawks](/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks "Chicago Blackhawks") in seven games via an overtime goal in game seven by Blackhawks defenceman [Brent Seabrook](/wiki/Brent_Seabrook "Brent Seabrook"). The Red Wings lost the series despite being ahead at one point three games to one.
|
[
"#### 2006–2013: Ascent to stardom, Selke trophies, second Stanley Cup championship",
"During the [2006–07 season](/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_NHL_season \"2006–07 NHL season\"), Datsyuk debuted [Reebok](/wiki/Reebok \"Reebok\")'s new hockey stick, with holes bored into the shaft to make it more aerodynamic, dubbed the 9KO.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.nhl.com/nhl/app/?service\\=page\\&page\\=NewsPage\\&articleid\\=288793\\|title\\=Pushing the hockey envelope\\|access\\-date\\=11 February 2007\\|website\\=NHL.com\\|year\\=2007\\|author\\=Grossman, Evan}} {{Dead link\\|date\\=December 2015}} He completed the season matching his previous campaign's total of 87 points. Prior to the beginning of the [2007 playoffs](/wiki/2007_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2007 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), on 6 April 2007, Datsyuk signed a seven\\-year, US$46\\.9 million contract extension with the Red Wings.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://thehockeynews.com/news/red\\-wings\\-re\\-sign\\-star\\-centre\\-pavel\\-datsyuk\\-to\\-seven\\-year\\-deal \\|title\\=Red Wings re\\-sign star centre Pavel Datsyuk to seven\\-year deal \\|website\\=The Hockey News \\|date\\=April 6, 2007 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}}He then helped Detroit to another lengthy playoff run as they advanced to the Western Conference Finals against the eventual Stanley Cup champion [Anaheim Ducks](/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks \"Anaheim Ducks\"), who defeated the Red Wings in six games. He contributed 16 points (eight goals and assists) in all 18 games during the run.",
"[200px\\|right\\|thumb\\|Datsyuk hoisting the Stanley Cup in June 2008](/wiki/File:Pavel_Datsyuk_with_Stanley_Cup.jpg \"Pavel Datsyuk with Stanley Cup.jpg\")",
"In [2007–08](/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_NHL_season \"2007–08 NHL season\"), Datsyuk was voted by NHL fans, along with teammates [Nicklas Lidström](/wiki/Nicklas_Lidstr%C3%B6m \"Nicklas Lidström\") and [Henrik Zetterberg](/wiki/Henrik_Zetterberg \"Henrik Zetterberg\"), to start for the Western Conference in the [2008 All\\-Star Game](/wiki/56th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game \"56th National Hockey League All-Star Game\") at [Philips Arena](/wiki/Philips_Arena \"Philips Arena\") in [Atlanta](/wiki/Atlanta \"Atlanta\") on January 27, 2008\\.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.theoaklandpress.com/2008/01/08/lidstrom\\-joins\\-zetterberg\\-datsyuk\\-as\\-west\\-all\\-star\\-starters/ \\|title\\=Lidstrom joins Zetterberg, Datsyuk as West All\\-Star starters \\|website\\=The Oakland Press \\|date\\=January 8, 2008 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} He went on to have a career year, scoring a team\\-high 97 points (31 goals, 66 assists) in all 82 games while also leading all Red Wings forwards in blocked shots. In leading the team in scoring, he joined [Ted Lindsay](/wiki/Ted_Lindsay \"Ted Lindsay\"), [Gordie Howe](/wiki/Gordie_Howe \"Gordie Howe\") and [Steve Yzerman](/wiki/Steve_Yzerman \"Steve Yzerman\") as the only players in franchise history to do so in three consecutive seasons. The Red Wings would as a team would also go on to win the [Presidents' Trophy](/wiki/Presidents%27_Trophy \"Presidents' Trophy\") as the regular season champions.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/14768\\-red\\-wings\\-does\\-presidents\\-trophy\\-mean\\-a\\-stanley\\-cup\\-or\\-an\\-early\\-exit \\|title\\=Red Wings: Does President's Trophy Mean a Stanley Cup or an Early Exit? \\|author\\=Vincent Zanotti \\|website\\=bleacherreport.com \\|publisher\\=Bleacher Report \\|date\\=March 26, 2008 \\|access\\-date\\=June 20, 2024}} Entering into the [2008 playoffs](/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2008 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), Datsyuk scored his first career NHL [hat\\-trick](/wiki/Hat-trick \"Hat-trick\") on 12 May, in a 5–2 win over the [Dallas Stars](/wiki/Dallas_Stars \"Dallas Stars\") in Game 3 of the Western Conference Finals,{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.reuters.com/article/sports/datsyuk\\-hat\\-trick\\-powers\\-wings\\-to\\-brink\\-of\\-finals\\-idUSSP273588/ \\|title\\=Datsyuk hat\\-trick powers Wings to brink of finals \\|website\\=Reuters \\|date\\=May 12, 2008 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} en route to a meeting in the [Finals](/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_Finals \"2008 Stanley Cup Finals\") with the [Pittsburgh Penguins](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins \"Pittsburgh Penguins\"). In Game 6 of the series, Datsyuk recorded two assists on goals by Henrik Zetterberg and [Brian Rafalski](/wiki/Brian_Rafalski \"Brian Rafalski\") in a 3–2 win to win the series in six games and clinch the team's 11th [Stanley Cup](/wiki/Stanley_Cup \"Stanley Cup\") title and its fourth title in 11 years and second for Datsyuk himself. Having led the NHL in 2007–08 with a [plus\\-minus](/wiki/Plus-minus_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Plus-minus (ice hockey)\") of \\+41 and 144 takeaways (58 more than [Mike Modano](/wiki/Mike_Modano \"Mike Modano\")'s second\\-best total of 86\\), Datsyuk was awarded the [Frank J. Selke Trophy](/wiki/Frank_J._Selke_Trophy \"Frank J. Selke Trophy\") as the League' best defensive forward. With just 20 penalty minutes, he also won the Lady Byng Trophy.{{cite news\\|title\\=Red Wings get hat trick at 'NHL Awards Show'\\|author\\=Ted Kulfan\\|newspaper\\=The Detroit News\\|url\\=http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID\\=/20080613/SPORTS0103/806130400/1128\\|access\\-date\\=13 June 2008}} In voting for the Selke, Datsyuk received 537 points (43 first place votes) while [John Madden](/wiki/John_Madden_%28ice_hockey%29 \"John Madden (ice hockey)\") of the [New Jersey Devils](/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils \"New Jersey Devils\") received 447 points and Datsyuk's linemate Henrik Zetterberg received 425 points. In voting for the Lady Byng, Datsyuk received 985 points (75 first place votes). In addition, Datsyuk became the first NHL player to win the Lady Byng three consecutive times in over 70 years, since [Frank Boucher](/wiki/Frank_Boucher \"Frank Boucher\") of the [New York Rangers](/wiki/New_York_Rangers \"New York Rangers\") won from 1933 to 1935\\. Datsyuk, [Anze Kopitar](/wiki/Anze_Kopitar \"Anze Kopitar\"), and [Ron Francis](/wiki/Ron_Francis \"Ron Francis\") are the only players to have been awarded both the Selke and Lady Byng trophies during their careers.",
"Datsyuk was selected to his third NHL All\\-Star Game in [2009](/wiki/57th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game \"57th National Hockey League All-Star Game\"), but due to a hip injury, he did not participate.{{cite web\\|title\\=Injuries will keep Datsyuk, Lidstrom out of All\\-Star game lineup\\|url\\=http://www.freep.com/article/20090121/BLOG09/90121103/1053/SPORTS05/Injuries\\+will\\+keep\\+Wings\\+\\+Datsyuk\\+\\+Lidstrom\\+out\\+of\\+All\\-Star\\+Game\\|access\\-date\\=21 January 2009\\|date\\=20 January 2009\\|work\\=\\[\\[Detroit Free Press]]\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124010152/http://freep.com/article/20090121/BLOG09/90121103/1053/SPORTS05/Injuries\\+will\\+keep\\+Wings\\+\\+Datsyuk\\+\\+Lidstrom\\+out\\+of\\+All\\-Star\\+Game\\|archive\\-date\\=24 January 2009}} However, as per a newly formed League policy stating players must demonstrate injury by missing at least one game prior to the All\\-Star Game, Datsyuk was suspended one game, along with teammate Nicklas Lidström, for not attending.{{cite web\\|title\\=Crosby attends All\\-Star game, Datsyuk, Lidstrom punished for sitting out\\|url\\=https://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5jVIzaYbBIxUkKro5gCLZlnJgVsew\\|access\\-date\\=28 January 2009\\|date\\=23 January 2009\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Canadian Press]]}}{{dead link\\|date\\=June 2024\\|bot\\=medic}}{{cbignore\\|bot\\=medic}} On 13 February 2009, Datsyuk played in his 500th NHL game in a 3–2 loss to the [Columbus Blue Jackets](/wiki/Columbus_Blue_Jackets \"Columbus Blue Jackets\") and recorded an assist in the game on a Nicklas Lidström goal. Datsyuk finished the [2008–09 season](/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_NHL_season \"2008–09 NHL season\") with 97 points (32 goals and 65 assists) in 81 games, matching his career high from the previous season. He also won the Frank J. Selke Trophy, beating out [Philadelphia Flyers](/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers \"Philadelphia Flyers\") center [Mike Richards](/wiki/Mike_Richards_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Mike Richards (ice hockey)\") and [Vancouver Canucks](/wiki/Vancouver_Canucks \"Vancouver Canucks\") center [Ryan Kesler](/wiki/Ryan_Kesler \"Ryan Kesler\"), and won the Lady Byng for the fourth consecutive season.[Red Wings' Pavel Datsyuk wins Selke, Lady Byng; Zdeno Chara ends Nicklas Lidstrom's Norris run](http://www.mlive.com/redwings/index.ssf/2009/06/pavel_datsyuk_wins_second_stra.html). Mlive.com. 18 June 2009\\. Retrieved on 1 January 2012\\. Datsyuk also received a nomination for the [Best NHL Player Award](/wiki/Best_NHL_Player_ESPY_Award \"Best NHL Player ESPY Award\") at the [ESPYs](/wiki/ESPY \"ESPY\"), but lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins' center and captain [Sidney Crosby](/wiki/Sidney_Crosby \"Sidney Crosby\").{{cite web\\|title\\=2009 ESPY Awards, Sports Star Nominees, Winners, TV Schedule, Pictures\\|url\\=http://www.chiff.com/recreation/sports/espy\\-awards.htm\\#espy\\|access\\-date\\=17 July 2009}} In the [2009 playoffs](/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2009 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), Datsyuk and the Red Wings would reach the [Stanley Cup Finals](/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_Finals \"2009 Stanley Cup Finals\") for a second consecutive season against the Pittsburgh Penguins and third time under Datsyuk's career which would see the Red Wings fall to the Penguins in seven games, one win short from a second consecutive Stanley Cup championship and third altogether.{{cite web \\|url\\= https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/290527005 \\|archive\\-url\\= https://web.archive.org/web/20181117151449/http://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/290527005 \\|url\\-status\\= dead \\|archive\\-date\\= 17 November 2018 \\|title\\=Helm goal lifts Red Wings into Stanley Cup finals \\|agency\\=Associated Press \\|website\\=\\[\\[ESPN]] \\|publisher\\=ESPN \\|date\\=28 May 2009 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2024}}",
"Datsyuk finished with his lowest end\\-of\\-season point total since the lockout in the [2009–10 season](/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_NHL_season \"2009–10 NHL season\"), scoring 70 points in 80 games for his third straight Selke Trophy.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://thehockeynews.com/news/detroit\\-red\\-wings\\-forward\\-pavel\\-datsyuk\\-wins\\-third\\-straight\\-selke\\-trophy \\|title\\=Detroit Red Wings forward Pavel Datsyuk wins third straight Selke Trophy \\|website\\=The Hockey News \\|date\\=June 20, 2010 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} As a result of early season injuries to sniper [Johan Franzén](/wiki/Johan_Franz%C3%A9n \"Johan Franzén\"), center [Valtteri Filppula](/wiki/Valtteri_Filppula \"Valtteri Filppula\") and defenceman [Niklas Kronwall](/wiki/Niklas_Kronwall \"Niklas Kronwall\"), the Red Wings struggled to find consistency. However, a strong finish escalated the team from ninth place in the Western Conference in February to fifth place. Datsyuk scored the first two goals in Game 7 of the first round against the fourth seeded [Phoenix Coyotes](/wiki/Phoenix_Coyotes \"Phoenix Coyotes\"), including a breakaway deke on [Ilya Bryzgalov](/wiki/Ilya_Bryzgalov \"Ilya Bryzgalov\"), that sent the Wings to the second round for the fourth consecutive playoff season.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2010/04/27/datsyuk\\-detroit\\-end\\-coyotes\\-season\\-with\\-6\\-1\\-rout/ \\|title\\=Datsyuk, Detroit end Coyotes' season with 6\\-1 rout \\|website\\=The San Diego Union\\-Tribune \\|date\\=April 16, 2010 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} The Red Wings, however, lost in five games to the top seeded [San Jose Sharks](/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks \"San Jose Sharks\").",
"[thumb\\|left\\|200px\\|Datsyuk in November 2012 playing for CSKA during the 2012 NHL lockout](/wiki/File:Pavel_Datsyuk_2012-11-28.jpg \"Pavel Datsyuk 2012-11-28.jpg\")",
"Datsyuk achieved a [Gordie Howe hat trick](/wiki/Gordie_Howe_hat_trick \"Gordie Howe hat trick\") on the opening night of the [2010–11 season](/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_NHL_season \"2010–11 NHL season\") on October 8, 2010, against the [Anaheim Ducks](/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks \"Anaheim Ducks\") with a goal, an assist and a fight, which came against [Corey Perry](/wiki/Corey_Perry \"Corey Perry\").{{cite web \\|url\\=https://detroit.sbnation.com/detroit\\-red\\-wings/2010/10/9/1740034/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-fight\\-corey\\-perry\\-gordie\\-howe\\-hat\\-trick\\-video \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk Fights Corey Perry, Records Gordie Howe Hat Trick (Video) \\|website\\=SBNation \\|date\\=October 9, 2010 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} On 22 December, Datsyuk suffered a broken wrist in a game against the Vancouver Canucks, causing him to miss the next 19 games.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/news/story?id\\=5949104 \\|author\\=ESPN services \\|title\\= Wrist injury to sideline Pavel Datsyuk \\|website\\=\\[\\[ESPN]] \\|publisher\\=ESPN \\|date\\=22 December 2010 \\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2024}}{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/310207005 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409011027/https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/\\_/gameId/310207005 \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archive\\-date\\=9 April 2024 \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk helps Red Wings extend Rangers' woes \\|website\\=\\[\\[ESPN]] \\|publisher\\=ESPN \\|agency\\=Associated Press \\|date\\=7 February 2011 \\|access\\-date\\=8 April 2024}} After an injury\\-shortened season with 23 goals, 36 assists and 59 points in 56 games, Datsyuk was yet again impressive in the [2011 playoffs](/wiki/2011_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2011 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), leading his team with 15 points (four goals, 11 assists) in all 11 games. After sweeping the sixth seeded Phoenix Coyotes in the first round, the Red Wings fell behind 3–0 to the second seeded San Jose Sharks in the second round (which also happened the previous year), Datsyuk almost led his team back from the deficit to win the series; a Game 5\\-winning assist to [Tomas Holmström](/wiki/Tomas_Holmstr%C3%B6m \"Tomas Holmström\")'s goal, a Game 6\\-winning assist to Valtteri Filppula's goal and a Game 7 late backhand goal highlighted Datsyuk's heroics in an eventual losing effort.",
"During the entirety of the 2011 pre\\-season, Datsyuk wore jersey number 24 as a tribute to former teammate [Ruslan Salei](/wiki/Ruslan_Salei \"Ruslan Salei\"), who perished on 7 September 2011, in the [Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash](/wiki/Lokomotiv_Yaroslavl_plane_crash \"Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash\"), along with 43 others until switching back to his usual number 13 for the [2011–12 season](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_NHL_season \"2011–12 NHL season\").{{cite web \\|last1\\=O'Brien \\|first1\\=James \\|date\\=September 17, 2011 \\|url\\=https://www.nbcsports.com/nhl/news/pavel\\-datsyuk\\-will\\-wear\\-number\\-24\\-during\\-the\\-preseason\\-to\\-honor\\-former\\-teammate\\-ruslan\\-salei \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk will wear number 24 during the preseason to honor former teammate Ruslan Salei \\|website\\=NBC Sports \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}}Datsyuk was an early\\-season candidate for the [Hart Memorial Trophy](/wiki/Hart_Memorial_Trophy \"Hart Memorial Trophy\"), awarded to the League MVP, until a knee injury in February 2012 forced the Red Wings into a slump.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://torontosun.com/2012/02/21/datsyuk\\-out\\-two\\-weeks\\-following\\-minor\\-knee\\-surgery \\|title\\=NHL notes: Datsyuk out following knee surgery \\|website\\=Toronto Sun \\|date\\=February 17, 2012 \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}} The team dropped from first place in the Western Conference in February to fifth place at the end of the season, where they drew the fourth seeded [Nashville Predators](/wiki/Nashville_Predators \"Nashville Predators\") in the first round of the [2012 playoffs](/wiki/2012_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\"), losing the series in five games. Datsyuk finished the [season](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Detroit_Red_Wings_season \"2011–12 Detroit Red Wings season\") with 67 points (19 goals, 48 assists) in 70 games for the season followed by one goals, two assists and three points in all five playoff games, and was also named to the [2012 NHL All\\-Star Game](/wiki/59th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game \"59th National Hockey League All-Star Game\") in [Ottawa](/wiki/Ottawa \"Ottawa\").{{cite web \\|last1\\=Princess \\|first1\\=Chuck \\|date\\=January 12, 2012 \\|url\\=https://www.ctinsider.com/news/article/Pavel\\-Datsyuk\\-and\\-Jimmy\\-Howard\\-named\\-NHL\\-11477386\\.php \\|title\\=Pavel Datsyuk and Jimmy Howard named NHL all\\-stars; Nicklas Lidstrom not on list \\|website\\=CT Insider \\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2024}}",
"As the NHL entered its second lockout in eight years in [2012–13](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_lockout \"2012–13 NHL lockout\"), Datsyuk followed other prominent NHL players, such as [Washington Capitals](/wiki/Washington_Capitals \"Washington Capitals\") winger and captain [Alexander Ovechkin](/wiki/Alexander_Ovechkin \"Alexander Ovechkin\") and Pittsburgh Penguins center [Evgeni Malkin](/wiki/Evgeni_Malkin \"Evgeni Malkin\"), in playing overseas while the lockout was in effect; he signed with [CSKA Moscow](/wiki/HC_CSKA_Moscow \"HC CSKA Moscow\") of the [Kontinental Hockey League](/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League \"Kontinental Hockey League\") (KHL) on 16 September 2012\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.mlive.com/redwings/index.ssf/2012/09/red\\_wings\\_pavel\\_datsyuk\\_signs.html \\|title\\=Red Wings' Pavel Datsyuk signs with Russian club for duration of NHL lockout\\| website \\= MLive.com\\|date\\=16 September 2012\\|access\\-date\\=7 April 2014}} Datsyuk tallied 36 points in 31 games. When play for the NHL resumed in [January 2013](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_season \"2012–13 NHL season\") for a 48 game\\-shortened regular season, Datsyuk returned to the Red Wings and managed to score 15 goals, 34 assists for 49 points in 47 games. Detroit would make it back to the second round of the [2013 playoffs](/wiki/2013_Stanley_Cup_playoffs \"2013 Stanley Cup playoffs\") where they were defeated by the Presidents' Trophy\\-winning and eventual Stanley Cup champion [Chicago Blackhawks](/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks \"Chicago Blackhawks\") in seven games via an overtime goal in game seven by Blackhawks defenceman [Brent Seabrook](/wiki/Brent_Seabrook \"Brent Seabrook\"). The Red Wings lost the series despite being ahead at one point three games to one.",
""
] |
Geography
---------
### Boundaries
Northward and eastward, the *quartiere* borders with *[Zona](/wiki/Zones_of_Rome "Zones of Rome")* [Casal Boccone](/wiki/Casal_Boccone_%28zone_of_Rome%29 "Casal Boccone (zone of Rome)") (Z. IV), whose border is marked by the stretch of Via della Bufalotta between Via della Cecchina and Via [Roberto Bracco](/wiki/Roberto_Bracco "Roberto Bracco") and by Via Roberto Bracco itself; then the boundary runs through the countryside up to Via [Arrigo Cajumi](/wiki/Arrigo_Cajumi "Arrigo Cajumi") and through the Parco Talenti, up to Via di Casal Boccone, the latter marking the border up to [Via Nomentana](/wiki/Via_Nomentana "Via Nomentana").
Southward, the *quartiere* borders with *[Quartiere](/wiki/Quarters_of_Rome "Quarters of Rome")* [Ponte Mammolo](/wiki/Ponte_Mammolo "Ponte Mammolo") (Q. XXIX), from which is separated by Via Nomentana, up to Via [Jacopo Sannazaro](/wiki/Jacopo_Sannazaro "Jacopo Sannazaro").
To the west, the *quartiere* borders with *Quartiere* [Monte Sacro](/wiki/Monte_Sacro_%28Roma%29 "Monte Sacro (Roma)") (Q. XVI), whose boundary is marked by Via Jacopo Sannazaro, by a stretch in the countryside, by a short stretch of Viale [Jonio](/wiki/Jonian_sea "Jonian sea"), by Via [Matteo Bandello](/wiki/Matteo_Bandello "Matteo Bandello") and by Via della Cecchina.
### Local geography
The main square of the district is **Piazza Piercarlo Talenti**, named after Achille Talenti’s older brother who died prematurely in a car accident in 1925\. Another relevant square is **Largo [Sergio Pugliese](/wiki/Sergio_Pugliese "Sergio Pugliese")**, the local terminus of the public transport.
The main arteries of the area are **Via [Ugo Ojetti](/wiki/Ugo_Ojetti "Ugo Ojetti")**, with a high concentration of commercial activities, **Via [Arturo Graf](/wiki/Arturo_Graf "Arturo Graf")** and **Via [Renato Fucini](/wiki/Renato_Fucini "Renato Fucini")**.
Several green areas are located in Monte Sacro Alto, usually remains of the [Agro Romano](/wiki/Agro_Romano "Agro Romano") countryside, like Parco Talenti, Parco della Cecchina and Parco delle Mimose.
Almost all the roads and the squares in the *quartiere* are dedicated to authors, poets and journalists, e.g. Via [Giuseppe Cesare Abba](/wiki/Giuseppe_Cesare_Abba "Giuseppe Cesare Abba"), Via [Pietro Aretino](/wiki/Pietro_Aretino "Pietro Aretino") Via [Cecco Angiolieri](/wiki/Cecco_Angiolieri "Cecco Angiolieri"), Via [Elisabetta Barrett](/wiki/Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning "Elizabeth Barrett Browning"), Via [Luigi Capuana](/wiki/Luigi_Capuana "Luigi Capuana"), Via [Melchiorre Cesarotti](/wiki/Melchiorre_Cesarotti "Melchiorre Cesarotti"), Piazza [Sergio Corazzini](/wiki/Sergio_Corazzini "Sergio Corazzini"), Via [Grazia Deledda](/wiki/Grazia_Deledda "Grazia Deledda"), Via [Teofilo Folengo](/wiki/Teofilo_Folengo "Teofilo Folengo"), Via [Veronica Gambara](/wiki/Veronica_Gambara "Veronica Gambara"), Piazza [Guido Gozzano](/wiki/Guido_Gozzano "Guido Gozzano"), Via [Ada Negri](/wiki/Ada_Negri "Ada Negri"), Via [Luigi Pirandello](/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello "Luigi Pirandello"), Via [Franco Sacchetti](/wiki/Franco_Sacchetti "Franco Sacchetti"), Piazza [Leonardo Sciascia](/wiki/Leonardo_Sciascia "Leonardo Sciascia"), Via [Gaspara Stampa](/wiki/Gaspara_Stampa "Gaspara Stampa"), Via [Giovanni Verga](/wiki/Giovanni_Verga "Giovanni Verga").
|
[
"Geography\n---------",
"### Boundaries",
"Northward and eastward, the *quartiere* borders with *[Zona](/wiki/Zones_of_Rome \"Zones of Rome\")* [Casal Boccone](/wiki/Casal_Boccone_%28zone_of_Rome%29 \"Casal Boccone (zone of Rome)\") (Z. IV), whose border is marked by the stretch of Via della Bufalotta between Via della Cecchina and Via [Roberto Bracco](/wiki/Roberto_Bracco \"Roberto Bracco\") and by Via Roberto Bracco itself; then the boundary runs through the countryside up to Via [Arrigo Cajumi](/wiki/Arrigo_Cajumi \"Arrigo Cajumi\") and through the Parco Talenti, up to Via di Casal Boccone, the latter marking the border up to [Via Nomentana](/wiki/Via_Nomentana \"Via Nomentana\").",
"Southward, the *quartiere* borders with *[Quartiere](/wiki/Quarters_of_Rome \"Quarters of Rome\")* [Ponte Mammolo](/wiki/Ponte_Mammolo \"Ponte Mammolo\") (Q. XXIX), from which is separated by Via Nomentana, up to Via [Jacopo Sannazaro](/wiki/Jacopo_Sannazaro \"Jacopo Sannazaro\").",
"To the west, the *quartiere* borders with *Quartiere* [Monte Sacro](/wiki/Monte_Sacro_%28Roma%29 \"Monte Sacro (Roma)\") (Q. XVI), whose boundary is marked by Via Jacopo Sannazaro, by a stretch in the countryside, by a short stretch of Viale [Jonio](/wiki/Jonian_sea \"Jonian sea\"), by Via [Matteo Bandello](/wiki/Matteo_Bandello \"Matteo Bandello\") and by Via della Cecchina.",
"### Local geography",
"The main square of the district is **Piazza Piercarlo Talenti**, named after Achille Talenti’s older brother who died prematurely in a car accident in 1925\\. Another relevant square is **Largo [Sergio Pugliese](/wiki/Sergio_Pugliese \"Sergio Pugliese\")**, the local terminus of the public transport.",
"The main arteries of the area are **Via [Ugo Ojetti](/wiki/Ugo_Ojetti \"Ugo Ojetti\")**, with a high concentration of commercial activities, **Via [Arturo Graf](/wiki/Arturo_Graf \"Arturo Graf\")** and **Via [Renato Fucini](/wiki/Renato_Fucini \"Renato Fucini\")**.",
"Several green areas are located in Monte Sacro Alto, usually remains of the [Agro Romano](/wiki/Agro_Romano \"Agro Romano\") countryside, like Parco Talenti, Parco della Cecchina and Parco delle Mimose.",
"Almost all the roads and the squares in the *quartiere* are dedicated to authors, poets and journalists, e.g. Via [Giuseppe Cesare Abba](/wiki/Giuseppe_Cesare_Abba \"Giuseppe Cesare Abba\"), Via [Pietro Aretino](/wiki/Pietro_Aretino \"Pietro Aretino\") Via [Cecco Angiolieri](/wiki/Cecco_Angiolieri \"Cecco Angiolieri\"), Via [Elisabetta Barrett](/wiki/Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning \"Elizabeth Barrett Browning\"), Via [Luigi Capuana](/wiki/Luigi_Capuana \"Luigi Capuana\"), Via [Melchiorre Cesarotti](/wiki/Melchiorre_Cesarotti \"Melchiorre Cesarotti\"), Piazza [Sergio Corazzini](/wiki/Sergio_Corazzini \"Sergio Corazzini\"), Via [Grazia Deledda](/wiki/Grazia_Deledda \"Grazia Deledda\"), Via [Teofilo Folengo](/wiki/Teofilo_Folengo \"Teofilo Folengo\"), Via [Veronica Gambara](/wiki/Veronica_Gambara \"Veronica Gambara\"), Piazza [Guido Gozzano](/wiki/Guido_Gozzano \"Guido Gozzano\"), Via [Ada Negri](/wiki/Ada_Negri \"Ada Negri\"), Via [Luigi Pirandello](/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello \"Luigi Pirandello\"), Via [Franco Sacchetti](/wiki/Franco_Sacchetti \"Franco Sacchetti\"), Piazza [Leonardo Sciascia](/wiki/Leonardo_Sciascia \"Leonardo Sciascia\"), Via [Gaspara Stampa](/wiki/Gaspara_Stampa \"Gaspara Stampa\"), Via [Giovanni Verga](/wiki/Giovanni_Verga \"Giovanni Verga\").",
""
] |
History
-------
### Background
In response to the increasing numbers of tourists that began visiting the Waitomo Caves in the late nineteenth century early cave explorer and tour guide Tane Tinorau Opataia together with his wife constructed a house in 1901{{cite web \|last\= Rush \|first\= Paul \|title\= Worlds collide at Waitomo \|publisher\= NZ Herald \|date\= August 23, 2010 \|url\= https://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/news/article.cfm?c\_id\=7\&objectid\=10668048 \|accessdate\= October 5, 2020}} when they converted to provide tourist accommodation in 1904 calling it Waitomo House. In that same year the Government nationalised the caves using the Public Works Act.{{cite web \|last\= \|first\= \|title\= Waitomo Hotel \|publisher\= Heritage New Zealand \|date\= 2020 \|url\= https://www.heritage.org.nz/the\-list/details/4176 \|accessdate\= August 11, 2020}}{{cite web \|last\= Isaac \|first\= W. W. \|title\= In the Maori Land Court of New Zealand Waitkato\-Maniapoto District \|publisher\= Maori Land Court \|date\= February 23, 2013 \|url\= https://www.waitangitribunal.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Decisions/Tane\-v\-Tanetinorau\-Opataia\-Whanau\-Trust\-Hauturu\-East\-7\-121314\-and\-s\-55\-Blk\-X\-Orahiri\-SD\-2013\-2013\-CJ\-119\-CJI\-.pdf \|accessdate\= October 5, 2020}}
In 1905 the Tourist and Health Resorts Department purchased Waitomo House and its success under their ownership persuaded them to commission a more modern replacement from the Public Works Department. The building was designed by [John Campbell](/wiki/John_Campbell_%28architect%29 "John Campbell (architect)") who at the time was the architect\-in\-charge of the Public Buildings Division of the Public Works Department.{{cite book \|last\= Martin \|first\= Lewis E. \|title\= Built for Us: The Work of Government and Colonial Architects, 1860s to 1960s \|location\= Dunedin \|publisher\= University of Otago Press \|date\= 2004 \|pages\= 72, 125 \|type\= hardback \|isbn\= 1\-877276\-64\-2}}
### Construction and development
Despite being designed during the Edwardian period Campbell looked back to the previous century for influence designing a two\-storeyed shiplap weatherboard asymmetric building with none of the four facades the same. On two facades it had continuous verandas on both the ground and first floor levels. There was a two\-storeyed bay window on the rounded corner. The bay is continued beyond the corrugated iron roof to form an impressive octagonal turret which has an eight\-sided pavilion roof. Multiple chimneys puncture the roof.
Despite its apparent size the hotel only had six guest bedrooms.{{cite web \|last\= \|first\= \|title\= About Us \|publisher\= Waitomo Caves Hotel \|date\= 2020 \|url\= https://www.waitomocaveshotel.co.nz/about\-us.html \|accessdate\= August 11, 2020}} The other rooms were an office/reception, kitchen, dining room and staff rooms. Tents were however available to accommodate more guests (though these may not have very comfortable on cold winter nights).{{Citation \|title\= Waitomo \|journal\= New Zealand Memories \|issue\= 135\|page\= 48 \|date\= December 2019}}
The timber used in its construction was transported into the area on horse\-drawn carts. As it was remote from town water and power supplies water was pumped from the Waitomo Stream and fed back up the slope to the hotel, while electricity was generated by a dynamo powered by a petrol driven motor engine.
Completed in 1908 the building which is positioned upon an escarpment overlooking the village was originally called the “Government Hostel at Waitomo” and is today known as “The Victorian Wing”.
### Extension
By the mid\-1920s the hotel was proving to be too small to accommodate the increasing number of visitors to the Waitomo caves. As a result, it was enlarged between 1927 and 1928 by adding a two\-storeyed plastered reinforced concrete tiled roof extension which is now called the “Art Deco Wing”. This extension was designed by the Government Architect [John Mair](/wiki/John_Mair_%28architect%29 "John Mair (architect)"). In line with the Art Deco style of the period Mair incorporated architectural influences from many sources with the thick concrete walls, decks and patios being in the Spanish Mission style of the Spanish missionary settlements in California while the concrete pillars and facades are in the Cape Dutch style often seen in South Africa. The result was in sharp contrast with the earlier building.
As well as a large kitchen and dining room the extension added another 24 bedrooms to the hotel which allowed the hotel to accommodate up to one hundred quests. None of the new rooms had bathrooms and most were very small.
### Change of ownership
Ownership passed to the Tanetinorau Opatai Trust in the 1980s as part of a Waitangi Treaty settlement.
The trust subsequently leased the hotel to the Taharoa Tourism management group which markets the hotel as part of its Wellesley Hotels and Resorts portfolio.{{cite web \|last\= Gardner \|first\= Chris \|title\= Waitomo tourism bid dismissed \|publisher\= Waikato Times \|date\= September 11, 2015 \|url\= https://www.pressreader.com/new\-zealand/waikato\-times/20150911/281552289637450 \|accessdate\= October 5, 2020}}
By 2012 the hotel was due for a planned $3\.5 million refurbishment with approximately 20 of the hotel's 45 rooms not up to a suitable occupancy standard, which was contributing to tourists staying in Rotorua rather than in Waitomo. However the Tanetinorau Opatai Trust, was not in a position to fund the work as it had not received any income for seven years from its 51% share of the Waitomo Caves tourism operation. This was due to a long\-running dispute between the descendants of Tane Tinorau Opataia which put distribution of the revenue to the trust on hold while the dispute was heard in the Maori Land Court, before being referred to the Maori Appellate Court.{{cite web \|last\= Gardner \|first\= Chris \|title\= Caves money buried under writs \|publisher\= Waikato Times\|date\= April 5, 2014 \|url\= http://www.stuff.co.nz/waikato\-times/9907355/Caves\-money\-buried\-under\-writs \|accessdate\= October 5, 2020}}
Despite the case, funding of a refurbishment began in June 2014\. The case was resolved in favour of the trust in 2015, which freed up eight years of accumulated revenue.
### Registration as a historic place
Because the hotel represents the work of two different eras of Government architecture and is a fine example of the respective styles of its two architects it was registered under the Historic Places Act 1980 as a Category 2 Historic Place on 28 June 1990\.
|
[
"History\n-------",
"### Background",
"In response to the increasing numbers of tourists that began visiting the Waitomo Caves in the late nineteenth century early cave explorer and tour guide Tane Tinorau Opataia together with his wife constructed a house in 1901{{cite web \\|last\\= Rush \\|first\\= Paul \\|title\\= Worlds collide at Waitomo \\|publisher\\= NZ Herald \\|date\\= August 23, 2010 \\|url\\= https://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/news/article.cfm?c\\_id\\=7\\&objectid\\=10668048 \\|accessdate\\= October 5, 2020}} when they converted to provide tourist accommodation in 1904 calling it Waitomo House. In that same year the Government nationalised the caves using the Public Works Act.{{cite web \\|last\\= \\|first\\= \\|title\\= Waitomo Hotel \\|publisher\\= Heritage New Zealand \\|date\\= 2020 \\|url\\= https://www.heritage.org.nz/the\\-list/details/4176 \\|accessdate\\= August 11, 2020}}{{cite web \\|last\\= Isaac \\|first\\= W. W. \\|title\\= In the Maori Land Court of New Zealand Waitkato\\-Maniapoto District \\|publisher\\= Maori Land Court \\|date\\= February 23, 2013 \\|url\\= https://www.waitangitribunal.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Decisions/Tane\\-v\\-Tanetinorau\\-Opataia\\-Whanau\\-Trust\\-Hauturu\\-East\\-7\\-121314\\-and\\-s\\-55\\-Blk\\-X\\-Orahiri\\-SD\\-2013\\-2013\\-CJ\\-119\\-CJI\\-.pdf \\|accessdate\\= October 5, 2020}}",
"In 1905 the Tourist and Health Resorts Department purchased Waitomo House and its success under their ownership persuaded them to commission a more modern replacement from the Public Works Department. The building was designed by [John Campbell](/wiki/John_Campbell_%28architect%29 \"John Campbell (architect)\") who at the time was the architect\\-in\\-charge of the Public Buildings Division of the Public Works Department.{{cite book \\|last\\= Martin \\|first\\= Lewis E. \\|title\\= Built for Us: The Work of Government and Colonial Architects, 1860s to 1960s \\|location\\= Dunedin \\|publisher\\= University of Otago Press \\|date\\= 2004 \\|pages\\= 72, 125 \\|type\\= hardback \\|isbn\\= 1\\-877276\\-64\\-2}}",
"### Construction and development",
"Despite being designed during the Edwardian period Campbell looked back to the previous century for influence designing a two\\-storeyed shiplap weatherboard asymmetric building with none of the four facades the same. On two facades it had continuous verandas on both the ground and first floor levels. There was a two\\-storeyed bay window on the rounded corner. The bay is continued beyond the corrugated iron roof to form an impressive octagonal turret which has an eight\\-sided pavilion roof. Multiple chimneys puncture the roof.",
"Despite its apparent size the hotel only had six guest bedrooms.{{cite web \\|last\\= \\|first\\= \\|title\\= About Us \\|publisher\\= Waitomo Caves Hotel \\|date\\= 2020 \\|url\\= https://www.waitomocaveshotel.co.nz/about\\-us.html \\|accessdate\\= August 11, 2020}} The other rooms were an office/reception, kitchen, dining room and staff rooms. Tents were however available to accommodate more guests (though these may not have very comfortable on cold winter nights).{{Citation \\|title\\= Waitomo \\|journal\\= New Zealand Memories \\|issue\\= 135\\|page\\= 48 \\|date\\= December 2019}} \nThe timber used in its construction was transported into the area on horse\\-drawn carts. As it was remote from town water and power supplies water was pumped from the Waitomo Stream and fed back up the slope to the hotel, while electricity was generated by a dynamo powered by a petrol driven motor engine.\nCompleted in 1908 the building which is positioned upon an escarpment overlooking the village was originally called the “Government Hostel at Waitomo” and is today known as “The Victorian Wing”.",
"### Extension",
"By the mid\\-1920s the hotel was proving to be too small to accommodate the increasing number of visitors to the Waitomo caves. As a result, it was enlarged between 1927 and 1928 by adding a two\\-storeyed plastered reinforced concrete tiled roof extension which is now called the “Art Deco Wing”. This extension was designed by the Government Architect [John Mair](/wiki/John_Mair_%28architect%29 \"John Mair (architect)\"). In line with the Art Deco style of the period Mair incorporated architectural influences from many sources with the thick concrete walls, decks and patios being in the Spanish Mission style of the Spanish missionary settlements in California while the concrete pillars and facades are in the Cape Dutch style often seen in South Africa. The result was in sharp contrast with the earlier building.",
"As well as a large kitchen and dining room the extension added another 24 bedrooms to the hotel which allowed the hotel to accommodate up to one hundred quests. None of the new rooms had bathrooms and most were very small.",
"### Change of ownership",
"Ownership passed to the Tanetinorau Opatai Trust in the 1980s as part of a Waitangi Treaty settlement.",
"The trust subsequently leased the hotel to the Taharoa Tourism management group which markets the hotel as part of its Wellesley Hotels and Resorts portfolio.{{cite web \\|last\\= Gardner \\|first\\= Chris \\|title\\= Waitomo tourism bid dismissed \\|publisher\\= Waikato Times \\|date\\= September 11, 2015 \\|url\\= https://www.pressreader.com/new\\-zealand/waikato\\-times/20150911/281552289637450 \\|accessdate\\= October 5, 2020}}",
"By 2012 the hotel was due for a planned $3\\.5 million refurbishment with approximately 20 of the hotel's 45 rooms not up to a suitable occupancy standard, which was contributing to tourists staying in Rotorua rather than in Waitomo. However the Tanetinorau Opatai Trust, was not in a position to fund the work as it had not received any income for seven years from its 51% share of the Waitomo Caves tourism operation. This was due to a long\\-running dispute between the descendants of Tane Tinorau Opataia which put distribution of the revenue to the trust on hold while the dispute was heard in the Maori Land Court, before being referred to the Maori Appellate Court.{{cite web \\|last\\= Gardner \\|first\\= Chris \\|title\\= Caves money buried under writs \\|publisher\\= Waikato Times\\|date\\= April 5, 2014 \\|url\\= http://www.stuff.co.nz/waikato\\-times/9907355/Caves\\-money\\-buried\\-under\\-writs \\|accessdate\\= October 5, 2020}}\nDespite the case, funding of a refurbishment began in June 2014\\. The case was resolved in favour of the trust in 2015, which freed up eight years of accumulated revenue.",
"### Registration as a historic place",
"Because the hotel represents the work of two different eras of Government architecture and is a fine example of the respective styles of its two architects it was registered under the Historic Places Act 1980 as a Category 2 Historic Place on 28 June 1990\\.",
""
] |
Life
----
### 1745–1791
During the [War of the Austrian Succession](/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession "War of the Austrian Succession"), Armand entered the French army at the end of 1745 as a cornet in the régiment Lameth\-Cavalerie.*Dictionnaire historique et biographique des généraux français, depuis le onzième siècle jusqu'en 1820*, Jean Baptiste Pierre Jullien de Courcelles, 1821, p. 512\.*Souvenirs du 10 août 1792 et de l'armée de Bourbon*, published by Jean Marchand, préface du duc de La Rochefoucauld, François La Rochefoucauld, Jean Marchand, Calmann\-Lévy, 1929, p. 96\. His first battle, aged 14, in 1746, at the siege of [Mons](/wiki/Mons%2C_Belgium "Mons, Belgium"), under marshal [Maurice de Saxe](/wiki/Maurice_de_Saxe_%281696-1750%29 "Maurice de Saxe (1696-1750)"). Then he took part in the [battle of Rocourt](/wiki/Battle_of_Rocourt "Battle of Rocourt") and the [battle of Lauffeld](/wiki/Battle_of_Lauffeld "Battle of Lauffeld"), in 1746 and 1747\. He continued serving in the army until the [Treaty of Aix\-la\-Chapelle (1748\)](/wiki/Treaty_of_Aix-la-Chapelle_%281748%29 "Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)").
Between the two wars, he was made lieutenant in the [régiment Royal\-Carabiniers](/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_Royal-Carabiniers "Régiment Royal-Carabiniers"), then in 1756 \- at the start of the [Seven Years' War](/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War "Seven Years' War") \- he was a captain in the régiment de cavalerie de Lameth. He received 15 sabre cuts at the [battle of Rossbach](/wiki/Battle_of_Rossbach "Battle of Rossbach"), including ten to the head, giving rise to the scar or 'balafre' which gave him his nickname. Carried off the battlefield, he won the cross of the [order of saint Louis](/wiki/Order_of_saint_Louis "Order of saint Louis"), still aged only 25 (ribbons were much less numerous under the Ancien Régime and reserved for older officers with at least 25 years' service as an officer).
In 1767, the king made him a captain in the [régiment Royal\-Carabiniers](/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_Royal-Carabiniers "Régiment Royal-Carabiniers") and then capitaine\-major. In 1770, he became a lieutenant\-colonel of the five brigades of this elite regiment, then in 1776, second\-colonel of the [régiment de Mestre de Camp](/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_de_Mestre_de_Camp "Régiment de Mestre de Camp") of cavalry. He became colonel of the 5th light cavalry regiment at [Verdun](/wiki/Verdun "Verdun") in 1779,*État militaire de France pour l'année 1780*, by Montandre\-Lonchamps, p. 384\. a regiment created on 29 January of the same year.Histoire de la cavalerie française: Volumes 1\-3, Louis Susane, J. Hetzel et Cie, 1874, v. 3, p.305\. He rose to [brigadier des armées du roi](/wiki/Brigadier "Brigadier") on 1 March 1780 and then [maréchal de camp](/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chal_de_camp "Maréchal de camp") on 1 January 1784\. In 1788 he was put in command of a large cavalry brigade, in the 2nd division of 'évêchés', commissioned by marquis André\-Claude de Chamborant.
In the meantime, on 29 February 1764, d'Allonville married Marie\-Françoise Jehannot de Bartillat (1744–1817\). She was the daughter of marquis [Louis Joachim Jehannot de Bartillat](/wiki/Louis_Joachim_Jehannot_de_Bartillat "Louis Joachim Jehannot de Bartillat") (1711–1748\), marquis de Bartillat, baron d'[Huriel](/wiki/Huriel "Huriel"), colonel of a dragoon regiment named after him, formerly the [Dragons de Condé](/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_de_Cond%C3%A9-Dragons "Régiment de Condé-Dragons").
### French Revolution
#### Provincial syndic procurer for the nobility and clergy (1789\)
Before the Revolution, Armand Jean d'Allonville came to [Langres](/wiki/Langres "Langres"), where he had lands, but
#### In the princes' service (1791–1811\)
##### The gentilshommes de Champagne
##### The régiment d'Allonville (1794–1796\)
### End of his life (1796–1811\)
D’Allonville was made [maréchal de camp](/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chal_de_camp "Maréchal de camp") of the [armée des émigrés](/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_des_%C3%A9migr%C3%A9s "Armée des émigrés"), by king's brevet, dated from Blakembourg, on 15 November 1797, effective from 15 March 1794\.Nobiliaire universel de France ou Recueil général des généalogies historiques des maisons nobles de ce royaume: ou Recueil général des généalogies historiques des maisons nobles de ce royaume, [Nicolas Viton de Saint\-Allais](/wiki/Nicolas_Viton_de_Saint-Allais "Nicolas Viton de Saint-Allais"), Saint\-Allais (Nicolas Viton), de Saint\-Pons, Nobiliaire universel de France, 1816, Vol. 8, p.284\. With a daily pension of five shillings a day, after his troops were dismissed, d'Allonville lived in England in poverty. He is recorded in London on 12 April 1806 and died there on 24 January 1811 \- he was buried in [St Pancras Churchyard](/wiki/St_Pancras_Old_Church "St Pancras Old Church").
|
[
"Life\n----",
"### 1745–1791",
"During the [War of the Austrian Succession](/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession \"War of the Austrian Succession\"), Armand entered the French army at the end of 1745 as a cornet in the régiment Lameth\\-Cavalerie.*Dictionnaire historique et biographique des généraux français, depuis le onzième siècle jusqu'en 1820*, Jean Baptiste Pierre Jullien de Courcelles, 1821, p. 512\\.*Souvenirs du 10 août 1792 et de l'armée de Bourbon*, published by Jean Marchand, préface du duc de La Rochefoucauld, François La Rochefoucauld, Jean Marchand, Calmann\\-Lévy, 1929, p. 96\\. His first battle, aged 14, in 1746, at the siege of [Mons](/wiki/Mons%2C_Belgium \"Mons, Belgium\"), under marshal [Maurice de Saxe](/wiki/Maurice_de_Saxe_%281696-1750%29 \"Maurice de Saxe (1696-1750)\"). Then he took part in the [battle of Rocourt](/wiki/Battle_of_Rocourt \"Battle of Rocourt\") and the [battle of Lauffeld](/wiki/Battle_of_Lauffeld \"Battle of Lauffeld\"), in 1746 and 1747\\. He continued serving in the army until the [Treaty of Aix\\-la\\-Chapelle (1748\\)](/wiki/Treaty_of_Aix-la-Chapelle_%281748%29 \"Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)\").",
"Between the two wars, he was made lieutenant in the [régiment Royal\\-Carabiniers](/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_Royal-Carabiniers \"Régiment Royal-Carabiniers\"), then in 1756 \\- at the start of the [Seven Years' War](/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War \"Seven Years' War\") \\- he was a captain in the régiment de cavalerie de Lameth. He received 15 sabre cuts at the [battle of Rossbach](/wiki/Battle_of_Rossbach \"Battle of Rossbach\"), including ten to the head, giving rise to the scar or 'balafre' which gave him his nickname. Carried off the battlefield, he won the cross of the [order of saint Louis](/wiki/Order_of_saint_Louis \"Order of saint Louis\"), still aged only 25 (ribbons were much less numerous under the Ancien Régime and reserved for older officers with at least 25 years' service as an officer).",
"In 1767, the king made him a captain in the [régiment Royal\\-Carabiniers](/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_Royal-Carabiniers \"Régiment Royal-Carabiniers\") and then capitaine\\-major. In 1770, he became a lieutenant\\-colonel of the five brigades of this elite regiment, then in 1776, second\\-colonel of the [régiment de Mestre de Camp](/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_de_Mestre_de_Camp \"Régiment de Mestre de Camp\") of cavalry. He became colonel of the 5th light cavalry regiment at [Verdun](/wiki/Verdun \"Verdun\") in 1779,*État militaire de France pour l'année 1780*, by Montandre\\-Lonchamps, p. 384\\. a regiment created on 29 January of the same year.Histoire de la cavalerie française: Volumes 1\\-3, Louis Susane, J. Hetzel et Cie, 1874, v. 3, p.305\\. He rose to [brigadier des armées du roi](/wiki/Brigadier \"Brigadier\") on 1 March 1780 and then [maréchal de camp](/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chal_de_camp \"Maréchal de camp\") on 1 January 1784\\. In 1788 he was put in command of a large cavalry brigade, in the 2nd division of 'évêchés', commissioned by marquis André\\-Claude de Chamborant.",
"In the meantime, on 29 February 1764, d'Allonville married Marie\\-Françoise Jehannot de Bartillat (1744–1817\\). She was the daughter of marquis [Louis Joachim Jehannot de Bartillat](/wiki/Louis_Joachim_Jehannot_de_Bartillat \"Louis Joachim Jehannot de Bartillat\") (1711–1748\\), marquis de Bartillat, baron d'[Huriel](/wiki/Huriel \"Huriel\"), colonel of a dragoon regiment named after him, formerly the [Dragons de Condé](/wiki/R%C3%A9giment_de_Cond%C3%A9-Dragons \"Régiment de Condé-Dragons\").",
"### French Revolution",
"#### Provincial syndic procurer for the nobility and clergy (1789\\)",
"Before the Revolution, Armand Jean d'Allonville came to [Langres](/wiki/Langres \"Langres\"), where he had lands, but",
"#### In the princes' service (1791–1811\\)",
"##### The gentilshommes de Champagne",
"##### The régiment d'Allonville (1794–1796\\)",
"### End of his life (1796–1811\\)",
"D’Allonville was made [maréchal de camp](/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chal_de_camp \"Maréchal de camp\") of the [armée des émigrés](/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_des_%C3%A9migr%C3%A9s \"Armée des émigrés\"), by king's brevet, dated from Blakembourg, on 15 November 1797, effective from 15 March 1794\\.Nobiliaire universel de France ou Recueil général des généalogies historiques des maisons nobles de ce royaume: ou Recueil général des généalogies historiques des maisons nobles de ce royaume, [Nicolas Viton de Saint\\-Allais](/wiki/Nicolas_Viton_de_Saint-Allais \"Nicolas Viton de Saint-Allais\"), Saint\\-Allais (Nicolas Viton), de Saint\\-Pons, Nobiliaire universel de France, 1816, Vol. 8, p.284\\. With a daily pension of five shillings a day, after his troops were dismissed, d'Allonville lived in England in poverty. He is recorded in London on 12 April 1806 and died there on 24 January 1811 \\- he was buried in [St Pancras Churchyard](/wiki/St_Pancras_Old_Church \"St Pancras Old Church\").",
""
] |
Career
------
### Early work
At age six, Spelling was given acting lessons from an acting coach hired by her father, and was subsequently given guest spots on television series such as *[The Love Boat](/wiki/The_Love_Boat "The Love Boat")*, *[T. J. Hooker](/wiki/T._J._Hooker "T. J. Hooker")*, *[Hotel](/wiki/Hotel_%28U.S._TV_series%29 "Hotel (U.S. TV series)")*, *[Fantasy Island](/wiki/Fantasy_Island "Fantasy Island")*, *[Vega$](/wiki/Vega%24 "Vega$")* and *[Saved by the Bell](/wiki/Saved_by_the_Bell "Saved by the Bell")*. At the age of 17, she was given the role of [Donna Martin](/wiki/Characters_of_Beverly_Hills%2C_90210 "Characters of Beverly Hills, 90210") on *[Beverly Hills, 90210](/wiki/Beverly_Hills%2C_90210 "Beverly Hills, 90210")*, co\-produced by Aaron Spelling's company [Spelling Television](/wiki/Spelling_Television "Spelling Television"). Tori Spelling portrayed Donna for the show's entire run and was nominated for two [Young Artist Awards](/wiki/Young_Artist_Awards "Young Artist Awards").{{cite web \|last\=Gliatto \|first\=Tom \|title\=Barbie, Meet Brenda \|url\=https://people.com/archive/barbie\-meet\-brenda\-vol\-37\-no\-6/ \|website\=People \|access\-date\=October 20, 2019 \|date\=February 17, 1992 \|archive\-date\=October 18, 2021 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018203626/https://people.com/archive/barbie\-meet\-brenda\-vol\-37\-no\-6/ \|url\-status\=live }}["EGOS \& IDS; AIDS Fund\-Raiser Called a First for Porn Stars"](https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/30/style/egos-ids-aids-fund-raiser-called-a-first-for-porn-stars.html?src=pm) {{Webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806141358/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/30/style/egos\-ids\-aids\-fund\-raiser\-called\-a\-first\-for\-porn\-stars.html?src\=pm \|date\=August 6, 2017 }}. *New York Times*. February 1992\.
While starring on *Beverly Hills, 90210*, Spelling was cast in a number of [made\-for\-television](/wiki/Television_movie "Television movie") films, including *[Co\-ed Call Girl](/wiki/Co-ed_Call_Girl "Co-ed Call Girl")* (1996\), *[A Friend to Die For](/wiki/A_Friend_to_Die_For "A Friend to Die For")* (1994\), and *[Mother, May I Sleep with Danger?](/wiki/Mother%2C_May_I_Sleep_with_Danger%3F_%281996_film%29 "Mother, May I Sleep with Danger? (1996 film)")* (1996\), and several [independent films](/wiki/Independent_film "Independent film"), including *[The House of Yes](/wiki/The_House_of_Yes "The House of Yes")* (1997\) and *[Trick](/wiki/Trick_%281999_film%29 "Trick (1999 film)")* (1999\).{{cite web\|last\=Queenan\|first\=Joe\|title\=Picks and Pans Review: Mother, May I Sleep with Danger?\|url\=https://people.com/archive/picks\-and\-pans\-review\-mother\-may\-i\-sleep\-with\-danger\-vol\-46\-no\-14/\|website\=People\|access\-date\=October 20, 2019\|date\=September 30, 1996\|archive\-date\=October 18, 2021\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018203626/https://people.com/archive/picks\-and\-pans\-review\-mother\-may\-i\-sleep\-with\-danger\-vol\-46\-no\-14/\|url\-status\=live}}{{cite magazine\|last\=Snierson\|first\=Dan\|title\=Stupid Questions with...Tori Spelling\|url\=https://ew.com/article/2005/01/31/stupid\-questions\-withtori\-spelling/\|magazine\=Entertainment Weekly\|access\-date\=October 20, 2019\|date\=January 31, 2005\|archive\-date\=October 18, 2021\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018203626/https://ew.com/article/2005/01/31/stupid\-questions\-withtori\-spelling/\|url\-status\=live}}
### 2006–2009
In 2006, Spelling starred as herself in the [VH1](/wiki/VH1 "VH1") [sitcom](/wiki/Sitcom "Sitcom") *[So Notorious](/wiki/So_Notorious "So Notorious")*, which parodied her public image. In January 2007, she and her second husband [Dean McDermott](/wiki/Dean_McDermott "Dean McDermott") pretended to purchase and operate a [bed and breakfast](/wiki/Bed_and_breakfast "Bed and breakfast") hotel, Chateau La Rue in [Fallbrook, California](/wiki/Fallbrook%2C_California "Fallbrook, California"){{cite news\|title\=Actress hasn't bought Bed and Breakfast\|url\=http://www.thevillagenews.com/story/22271/\|quote\=media venues have sung the same tune, claiming that Spelling used her $800,000 inheritance to purchase the bed and breakfast.A trip down to the San Diego County Assessors office on April 19 proved to be quite interesting. An assessment clerk, Ms. Lerma, easily pulled up the Chateau La Rue property address and reported that there had been no activity since 2004\.\|url\-status\=dead\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427203118/http://www.thevillagenews.com/story/22271/\|archive\-date\=April 27, 2014}} for their reality series, *[Tori \& Dean: Home Sweet Hollywood](/wiki/Tori_%26_Dean:Home_Sweet_Hollywood "Home Sweet Hollywood")*, originally *Tori \& Dean: Inn Love*, which aired on [Oxygen](/wiki/Oxygen_%28TV_channel%29 "Oxygen (TV channel)") from 2007 to 2012\. In July 2007, Spelling became a minister to marry a gay couple at Chateau La Rue. A tape of the wedding ceremony was shown on *Inn Love*.{{cite web\|url\=https://people.com/celebrity/meet\-reverend\-tori\-spelling/\|title\=Meet Reverend Tori Spelling\|last\=Fromm\|first\=Emily\|website\=People\|date\=July 10, 2007\|access\-date\=October 20, 2019\|archive\-date\=October 21, 2019\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021015816/https://people.com/celebrity/meet\-reverend\-tori\-spelling/\|url\-status\=live}}
Spelling's fashion and jewelry line premiered on [HSN](/wiki/Home_Shopping_Network "Home Shopping Network").{{When\|date\=June 2016}} She released her autobiography, *[sTori TELLING](/wiki/Stori_Telling "Stori Telling")*, on March 11, 2008\. Her second book, *[Mommywood](/wiki/Mommywood "Mommywood")*, was released on April 14, 2009\.[Mommywood](https://www.amazon.com/dp/141659910X) {{Webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324094534/https://www.amazon.com/dp/141659910X \|date\=March 24, 2021 }} at Amazon.com
On January 7, 2009, it was reported that Spelling would reprise her role as Donna Martin on *Beverly Hills, 90210* spin\-off *[90210](/wiki/90210_%28TV_series%29 "90210 (TV series)")*.{{cite web\|url\=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2009/01/90210\-exclusive.html\|title\=Show Tracker\|work\=Los Angeles Times\|date\=January 7, 2009 \|access\-date\=May 25, 2010\|archive\-date\=May 6, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506090001/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2009/01/90210\-exclusive.html\|url\-status\=live}} She appeared in the nineteenth and twentieth episodes of the first season as a special guest star.
### 2010–present
In 2010, Spelling released her third book, *Uncharted TerriTORI*. Spelling told *[People](/wiki/People_Magazine "People Magazine")*: "I love sharing my stories and experiences with people and connecting to them on both a humorous and emotional level. The response to my first two books has been so amazing that I wanted to write a third one for my fans."{{cite web\|url\=https://people.com/celebrity/tori\-spelling\-to\-pen\-third\-book/\|title\=Tori Spelling to Pen Third Book\|website\=People\|access\-date\=October 20, 2019\|date\=January 7, 2010\|archive\-date\=October 21, 2019\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021015817/https://people.com/celebrity/tori\-spelling\-to\-pen\-third\-book/\|url\-status\=live}}
*Home Sweet Hollywood*'s spin\-off series, *[Tori \& Dean: sTORIbook Weddings](/wiki/STORIbook_Weddings "STORIbook Weddings")* premiered on April 6, 2011\.{{cite web\|url\=http://storibook\-weddings.oxygen.com/\|title\=Tori \& Dean: sTORIbook Weddings\|work\=Oxygen Official Site\|access\-date\=May 8, 2015\|archive\-date\=November 27, 2012\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127161419/http://storibook\-weddings.oxygen.com/\|url\-status\=live}} Writers, who claimed they came up with the idea of a similar series starring Spelling and husband Dean McDermott, filed a $60 million lawsuit against the series, citing breach of [implied\-in\-fact contract](/wiki/Implied-in-fact_contract "Implied-in-fact contract"), breach of [fiduciary](/wiki/Fiduciary "Fiduciary") duty, [slander of title](/wiki/Slander_of_title "Slander of title"), [false advertising](/wiki/False_advertising "False advertising"), and [unfair business practices](/wiki/Unfair_business_practices "Unfair business practices") among other charges.{{cite web\|title\=Tori Spelling Reality Show Slapped With $60 Million Lawsuit\|date\=June 5, 2013\|url\=https://tv.yahoo.com/news/tori\-spelling\-reality\-show\-slapped\-with\-\-60\-million\-lawsuit\-131130397\.html\|quote\=plaintiffs allege that in 2007 they came up with a show idea called "Wedding Rescue" that would star Spelling and McDermott. Their idea was filed with the Writers Guild, and they pitched it to both the couple and an Oxygen executive. The parties passed on the project only to debut an "uncannily similar" show four years later.\|access\-date\=April 26, 2014\|archive\-date\=April 27, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427022431/https://tv.yahoo.com/news/tori\-spelling\-reality\-show\-slapped\-with\-\-60\-million\-lawsuit\-131130397\.html\|url\-status\=live}} Later in 2011, Spelling voiced the Pirate Princess in *[Jake and the Never Land Pirates](/wiki/Jake_and_the_Never_Land_Pirates "Jake and the Never Land Pirates")*. She played a role in the comedy short film *Hoarders: Untold sTori* which premiered at the [Outfest](/wiki/Outfest "Outfest") Film Festival in July 2011\.{{Citation needed \|date\=May 2021}}
On September 4, 2011, Spelling made an appearance on *[Big Brother 13](/wiki/Big_Brother_13_%28U.S.%29 "Big Brother 13 (U.S.)")*.{{cite web\|url\=https://people.com/tv/tori\-spelling\-visits\-big\-brother\-13\-recap/\|title\=Big Brother: Tori Spelling Makes Surprise Visit\|work\=\[\[People (magazine)\|People]]\|date\=September 5, 2011\|access\-date\=October 20, 2019\|archive\-date\=March 3, 2016\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223432/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20525867,00\.html\|url\-status\=live}}
On April 21, 2012, Spelling hosted *[My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic](/wiki/My_Little_Pony:Friendship_Is_Magic "Friendship Is Magic")* 'Royal Wedding' special, celebrating the series' second\-season finale, called *[A Canterlot Wedding](/wiki/A_Canterlot_Wedding "A Canterlot Wedding")*. She also hosted the series premiere of *[Craft Wars](/wiki/Craft_Wars "Craft Wars")*, where three new contestants each episode battle against each other crafting for a chance to earn $10,000\.["'Craft Wars' Premiere: Tori Spelling Brings Her Passion For Crafting To New Reality Competition Series (VIDEO)"](http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/27/craft-wars-tori-spelling-reality-competition-series-video_n_1630096.html) {{Webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705053810/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/27/craft\-wars\-tori\-spelling\-reality\-competition\-series\-video\_n\_1630096\.html \|date\=July 5, 2012 }}. *Huffington Post*. June 27, 2012\.["Tori Spelling and 'Craft Wars': A reality contest, but with more glitter"](http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2012/07/03/tori-spelling-and-craft-wars-a-reality-contest-with-more-glitter/) {{Webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712032657/http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2012/07/03/tori\-spelling\-and\-craft\-wars\-a\-reality\-contest\-with\-more\-glitter/ \|date\=July 12, 2012 }}. *CNN*. July 3, 2012\.
On December 18, 2012, Spelling appeared on [Nick Jr](/wiki/Nick_Jr "Nick Jr").'s *[Yo Gabba Gabba!](/wiki/Yo_Gabba_Gabba%21 "Yo Gabba Gabba!")* and performed a [skit](/wiki/Sketch_comedy "Sketch comedy") where she baked cookies for the characters on the show. This was part of a Christmas special for the series. The special included other famous guests such as [Tony Hawk](/wiki/Tony_Hawk "Tony Hawk") and [My Chemical Romance](/wiki/My_Chemical_Romance "My Chemical Romance").{{cite web\|title\=My Chemical Romance on Yo Gabba Gabba!\|date\=December 6, 2011\|url\=http://ohnotheydidnt.livejournal.com/64880984\.html\|publisher\=Oh NO They Didn't!\|access\-date\=December 18, 2012\|archive\-date\=February 2, 2012\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202181944/http://ohnotheydidnt.livejournal.com/64880984\.html\|url\-status\=live}}{{cite magazine\|last\=Smith\|first\=Alexander\|title\=Watch Cults on Yo Gabba Gabba!\|url\=http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2011/12/watch\-cults\-on\-yo\-gabba\-gabba.html\|magazine\=Paste\|access\-date\=December 18, 2012\|archive\-date\=July 24, 2012\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724020816/http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2011/12/watch\-cults\-on\-yo\-gabba\-gabba.html\|url\-status\=live}}
It was announced on August 26, 2013, that production had started on a reality television series titled *[Tori \& Dean: Cabin Fever](/wiki/Tori_%26_Dean:Cabin_Fever "Cabin Fever")*.{{cite web\|title\=Production Begins on 'Tori \& Dean: Cabin Fever'\|url\=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2013/08/26/production\-begins\-on\-tori\-and\-dean\-cabin\-fever\-623511/20130826hgtv02/ \|website\=\[\[The Futon Critic]] \|date\=August 26, 2013}} The series chronicles Spelling, McDermott, and their four children as they move to a lakeside cabin in Ontario, Canada while renovating it into their vacation home. Eight half\-hour episodes were produced and aired on [CMT Canada](/wiki/CMT_%28Canada%29 "CMT (Canada)") and [HGTV](/wiki/HGTV "HGTV") in 2014\.
Spelling starred in the short\-lived [ABC Family](/wiki/Freeform_%28TV_channel%29 "Freeform (TV channel)") TV series *[Mystery Girls](/wiki/Mystery_Girls "Mystery Girls")* with former *90210* co\-star [Jennie Garth](/wiki/Jennie_Garth "Jennie Garth") in 2014\.{{cite web\|title\=Tori Spelling Admits Financial Troubles, Goes From Bling to Budget\|url\=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2013/10/tori\-spelling\-admits\-financial\-troubles\-goes\-from\-bling\-to\-budget/\|work\=ABC News\|access\-date\=January 24, 2014\|archive\-date\=January 28, 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140128230654/http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2013/10/tori\-spelling\-admits\-financial\-troubles\-goes\-from\-bling\-to\-budget/\|url\-status\=live}}
In 2016, Spelling voiced April in the animated movie *[Izzie's Way Home](/wiki/Izzie%27s_Way_Home "Izzie's Way Home")*.{{cite news \|last\=Hall \|first\=Jacob \|date\=January 22, 2016 \|title\='Sharknado' Production Company The Asylum Launches an Assault on the Animation Medium With 'Izzie's Way Home' \|url\=http://www.slashfilm.com/asylum\-animated\-movies/ \|publisher\=SlashFilm \|access\-date\=September 9, 2016 \|archive\-date\=September 18, 2016 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918054838/http://www.slashfilm.com/asylum\-animated\-movies/ \|url\-status\=live }} The same year, she co\-starred in the TV movie *[Mother, May I Sleep with Danger?](/wiki/Mother%2C_May_I_Sleep_with_Danger%3F_%282016_film%29 "Mother, May I Sleep with Danger? (2016 film)")* alongside [James Franco](/wiki/James_Franco "James Franco").{{cite news \|url\=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/mother\-may\-i\-sleep\-danger\-903438 \|title\='Mother, May I Sleep With Danger?' (2016\): TV Review \|work\=\[\[The Hollywood Reporter]] \|date\=June 15, 2016 \|access\-date\=June 20, 2016 \|archive\-date\=June 19, 2016 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619034754/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/mother\-may\-i\-sleep\-danger\-903438? \|url\-status\=live}}
Since June 24, 2018, Spelling is hosting the TV series *The Look: All Stars*.{{cite web\|url\=http://cw35\.com/news/local/tori\-spelling\-kim\-vo\-talk\-new\-makeover\-show\-the\-look\-all\-stars\-06\-20\-2018\|title\=Tori Spelling, Kim Vo talk new makeover show 'The Look All Stars'\|last\=CW35\|date\=June 20, 2018\|access\-date\=July 8, 2018\|archive\-date\=July 8, 2018\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708192210/http://cw35\.com/news/local/tori\-spelling\-kim\-vo\-talk\-new\-makeover\-show\-the\-look\-all\-stars\-06\-20\-2018\|url\-status\=live}} In the same time, she appears in the successful TV movie *[The Last Sharknado: It's About Time](/wiki/Sharknado_6 "Sharknado 6")*.{{cite web\|url\=https://heavy.com/entertainment/2018/08/sharknado\-6\-cameos\-cast\-spoilers\-celebrities/\|title\='Sharknado 6' Celebrity Cameos \& Cast Spoilers\|first\=Lauren\|last\=Weigle\|date\=August 19, 2018\|access\-date\=August 20, 2018\|archive\-date\=August 20, 2018\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820111641/https://heavy.com/entertainment/2018/08/sharknado\-6\-cameos\-cast\-spoilers\-celebrities/\|url\-status\=live}}
On January 30, 2019, Spelling competed in the [first season](/wiki/The_Masked_Singer_%28American_TV_series%29_season_1 "The Masked Singer (American TV series) season 1") of *[The Masked Singer](/wiki/The_Masked_Singer_%28American_TV_series%29 "The Masked Singer (American TV series)")* as "Unicorn".{{cite web \|last1\=Weisholtz \|first1\=Drew \|title\=Tori Spelling revealed as the unicorn on 'The Masked Singer' \|url\=https://www.today.com/popculture/tori\-spelling\-revealed\-unicorn\-masked\-singer\-t147820 \|website\=TODAY.com \|date\=January 31, 2019 \|access\-date\=February 1, 2019 \|language\=en \|archive\-date\=February 1, 2019 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013137/https://www.today.com/popculture/tori\-spelling\-revealed\-unicorn\-masked\-singer\-t147820 \|url\-status\=live }}
In November 2020, Spelling began a podcast with *Beverly Hills 90210* co\-star [Jennie Garth](/wiki/Jennie_Garth "Jennie Garth") titled *9021OMG*, where the two re\-watch and share memories from their time on the show and chat about their experiences, along with TV and radio personality Sisanie Villaclara.{{Cite web\|date\=November 23, 2020\|title\=Tori Spelling, Jennie Garth's 'Beverly Hills, 90210' Podcast Revelations\|url\=https://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/pictures/tori\-spelling\-jennie\-garths\-beverly\-hills\-90210\-podcast\-takeaways/\|access\-date\=December 31, 2020\|website\=Us Weekly\|language\=en\-US\|archive\-date\=November 29, 2020\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129041301/https://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/pictures/tori\-spelling\-jennie\-garths\-beverly\-hills\-90210\-podcast\-takeaways/\|url\-status\=live}}
In 2022, Spelling appeared as a guest on the [Australian](/wiki/The_Masked_Singer_%28Australian_TV_series%29_season_4 "The Masked Singer (Australian TV series) season 4") and [French versions](/wiki/Mask_Singer_%28French_TV_series%29 "Mask Singer (French TV series)") of *The Masked Singer*. In 2023, she competed in the [Spanish version](/wiki/Mask_Singer:Adivina_qui%C3%A9n_canta_season_3 "Adivina quién canta season 3") of *The Masked Singer* as "Harlequin".
In September 2024, Spelling was announced as one of the celebrities competing on [season 33](/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_%28American_TV_series%29_season_33 "Dancing with the Stars (American TV series) season 33") of *[Dancing with the Stars](/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_%28American_TV_series%29 "Dancing with the Stars (American TV series)")*. She is partnered with [Pasha Pashkov](/wiki/Pasha_Pashkov "Pasha Pashkov").{{Cite web \|date\=September 4, 2024 \|title\=Meet the celebrity cast of 'Dancing with the Stars' season 33 \|url\=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Culture/dancing\-with\-the\-stars\-season\-33\-cast/story?id\=113355662 \|access\-date\=September 6, 2024 \|website\=ABC News \|language\=en}}
|
[
"Career\n------",
"### Early work",
"At age six, Spelling was given acting lessons from an acting coach hired by her father, and was subsequently given guest spots on television series such as *[The Love Boat](/wiki/The_Love_Boat \"The Love Boat\")*, *[T. J. Hooker](/wiki/T._J._Hooker \"T. J. Hooker\")*, *[Hotel](/wiki/Hotel_%28U.S._TV_series%29 \"Hotel (U.S. TV series)\")*, *[Fantasy Island](/wiki/Fantasy_Island \"Fantasy Island\")*, *[Vega$](/wiki/Vega%24 \"Vega$\")* and *[Saved by the Bell](/wiki/Saved_by_the_Bell \"Saved by the Bell\")*. At the age of 17, she was given the role of [Donna Martin](/wiki/Characters_of_Beverly_Hills%2C_90210 \"Characters of Beverly Hills, 90210\") on *[Beverly Hills, 90210](/wiki/Beverly_Hills%2C_90210 \"Beverly Hills, 90210\")*, co\\-produced by Aaron Spelling's company [Spelling Television](/wiki/Spelling_Television \"Spelling Television\"). Tori Spelling portrayed Donna for the show's entire run and was nominated for two [Young Artist Awards](/wiki/Young_Artist_Awards \"Young Artist Awards\").{{cite web \\|last\\=Gliatto \\|first\\=Tom \\|title\\=Barbie, Meet Brenda \\|url\\=https://people.com/archive/barbie\\-meet\\-brenda\\-vol\\-37\\-no\\-6/ \\|website\\=People \\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2019 \\|date\\=February 17, 1992 \\|archive\\-date\\=October 18, 2021 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018203626/https://people.com/archive/barbie\\-meet\\-brenda\\-vol\\-37\\-no\\-6/ \\|url\\-status\\=live }}[\"EGOS \\& IDS; AIDS Fund\\-Raiser Called a First for Porn Stars\"](https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/30/style/egos-ids-aids-fund-raiser-called-a-first-for-porn-stars.html?src=pm) {{Webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806141358/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/30/style/egos\\-ids\\-aids\\-fund\\-raiser\\-called\\-a\\-first\\-for\\-porn\\-stars.html?src\\=pm \\|date\\=August 6, 2017 }}. *New York Times*. February 1992\\.",
"While starring on *Beverly Hills, 90210*, Spelling was cast in a number of [made\\-for\\-television](/wiki/Television_movie \"Television movie\") films, including *[Co\\-ed Call Girl](/wiki/Co-ed_Call_Girl \"Co-ed Call Girl\")* (1996\\), *[A Friend to Die For](/wiki/A_Friend_to_Die_For \"A Friend to Die For\")* (1994\\), and *[Mother, May I Sleep with Danger?](/wiki/Mother%2C_May_I_Sleep_with_Danger%3F_%281996_film%29 \"Mother, May I Sleep with Danger? (1996 film)\")* (1996\\), and several [independent films](/wiki/Independent_film \"Independent film\"), including *[The House of Yes](/wiki/The_House_of_Yes \"The House of Yes\")* (1997\\) and *[Trick](/wiki/Trick_%281999_film%29 \"Trick (1999 film)\")* (1999\\).{{cite web\\|last\\=Queenan\\|first\\=Joe\\|title\\=Picks and Pans Review: Mother, May I Sleep with Danger?\\|url\\=https://people.com/archive/picks\\-and\\-pans\\-review\\-mother\\-may\\-i\\-sleep\\-with\\-danger\\-vol\\-46\\-no\\-14/\\|website\\=People\\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2019\\|date\\=September 30, 1996\\|archive\\-date\\=October 18, 2021\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018203626/https://people.com/archive/picks\\-and\\-pans\\-review\\-mother\\-may\\-i\\-sleep\\-with\\-danger\\-vol\\-46\\-no\\-14/\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{cite magazine\\|last\\=Snierson\\|first\\=Dan\\|title\\=Stupid Questions with...Tori Spelling\\|url\\=https://ew.com/article/2005/01/31/stupid\\-questions\\-withtori\\-spelling/\\|magazine\\=Entertainment Weekly\\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2019\\|date\\=January 31, 2005\\|archive\\-date\\=October 18, 2021\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018203626/https://ew.com/article/2005/01/31/stupid\\-questions\\-withtori\\-spelling/\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"### 2006–2009",
"In 2006, Spelling starred as herself in the [VH1](/wiki/VH1 \"VH1\") [sitcom](/wiki/Sitcom \"Sitcom\") *[So Notorious](/wiki/So_Notorious \"So Notorious\")*, which parodied her public image. In January 2007, she and her second husband [Dean McDermott](/wiki/Dean_McDermott \"Dean McDermott\") pretended to purchase and operate a [bed and breakfast](/wiki/Bed_and_breakfast \"Bed and breakfast\") hotel, Chateau La Rue in [Fallbrook, California](/wiki/Fallbrook%2C_California \"Fallbrook, California\"){{cite news\\|title\\=Actress hasn't bought Bed and Breakfast\\|url\\=http://www.thevillagenews.com/story/22271/\\|quote\\=media venues have sung the same tune, claiming that Spelling used her $800,000 inheritance to purchase the bed and breakfast.A trip down to the San Diego County Assessors office on April 19 proved to be quite interesting. An assessment clerk, Ms. Lerma, easily pulled up the Chateau La Rue property address and reported that there had been no activity since 2004\\.\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427203118/http://www.thevillagenews.com/story/22271/\\|archive\\-date\\=April 27, 2014}} for their reality series, *[Tori \\& Dean: Home Sweet Hollywood](/wiki/Tori_%26_Dean:Home_Sweet_Hollywood \"Home Sweet Hollywood\")*, originally *Tori \\& Dean: Inn Love*, which aired on [Oxygen](/wiki/Oxygen_%28TV_channel%29 \"Oxygen (TV channel)\") from 2007 to 2012\\. In July 2007, Spelling became a minister to marry a gay couple at Chateau La Rue. A tape of the wedding ceremony was shown on *Inn Love*.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://people.com/celebrity/meet\\-reverend\\-tori\\-spelling/\\|title\\=Meet Reverend Tori Spelling\\|last\\=Fromm\\|first\\=Emily\\|website\\=People\\|date\\=July 10, 2007\\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2019\\|archive\\-date\\=October 21, 2019\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021015816/https://people.com/celebrity/meet\\-reverend\\-tori\\-spelling/\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"Spelling's fashion and jewelry line premiered on [HSN](/wiki/Home_Shopping_Network \"Home Shopping Network\").{{When\\|date\\=June 2016}} She released her autobiography, *[sTori TELLING](/wiki/Stori_Telling \"Stori Telling\")*, on March 11, 2008\\. Her second book, *[Mommywood](/wiki/Mommywood \"Mommywood\")*, was released on April 14, 2009\\.[Mommywood](https://www.amazon.com/dp/141659910X) {{Webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324094534/https://www.amazon.com/dp/141659910X \\|date\\=March 24, 2021 }} at Amazon.com",
"On January 7, 2009, it was reported that Spelling would reprise her role as Donna Martin on *Beverly Hills, 90210* spin\\-off *[90210](/wiki/90210_%28TV_series%29 \"90210 (TV series)\")*.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2009/01/90210\\-exclusive.html\\|title\\=Show Tracker\\|work\\=Los Angeles Times\\|date\\=January 7, 2009 \\|access\\-date\\=May 25, 2010\\|archive\\-date\\=May 6, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506090001/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2009/01/90210\\-exclusive.html\\|url\\-status\\=live}} She appeared in the nineteenth and twentieth episodes of the first season as a special guest star.",
"### 2010–present",
"In 2010, Spelling released her third book, *Uncharted TerriTORI*. Spelling told *[People](/wiki/People_Magazine \"People Magazine\")*: \"I love sharing my stories and experiences with people and connecting to them on both a humorous and emotional level. The response to my first two books has been so amazing that I wanted to write a third one for my fans.\"{{cite web\\|url\\=https://people.com/celebrity/tori\\-spelling\\-to\\-pen\\-third\\-book/\\|title\\=Tori Spelling to Pen Third Book\\|website\\=People\\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2019\\|date\\=January 7, 2010\\|archive\\-date\\=October 21, 2019\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021015817/https://people.com/celebrity/tori\\-spelling\\-to\\-pen\\-third\\-book/\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"*Home Sweet Hollywood*'s spin\\-off series, *[Tori \\& Dean: sTORIbook Weddings](/wiki/STORIbook_Weddings \"STORIbook Weddings\")* premiered on April 6, 2011\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://storibook\\-weddings.oxygen.com/\\|title\\=Tori \\& Dean: sTORIbook Weddings\\|work\\=Oxygen Official Site\\|access\\-date\\=May 8, 2015\\|archive\\-date\\=November 27, 2012\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127161419/http://storibook\\-weddings.oxygen.com/\\|url\\-status\\=live}} Writers, who claimed they came up with the idea of a similar series starring Spelling and husband Dean McDermott, filed a $60 million lawsuit against the series, citing breach of [implied\\-in\\-fact contract](/wiki/Implied-in-fact_contract \"Implied-in-fact contract\"), breach of [fiduciary](/wiki/Fiduciary \"Fiduciary\") duty, [slander of title](/wiki/Slander_of_title \"Slander of title\"), [false advertising](/wiki/False_advertising \"False advertising\"), and [unfair business practices](/wiki/Unfair_business_practices \"Unfair business practices\") among other charges.{{cite web\\|title\\=Tori Spelling Reality Show Slapped With $60 Million Lawsuit\\|date\\=June 5, 2013\\|url\\=https://tv.yahoo.com/news/tori\\-spelling\\-reality\\-show\\-slapped\\-with\\-\\-60\\-million\\-lawsuit\\-131130397\\.html\\|quote\\=plaintiffs allege that in 2007 they came up with a show idea called \"Wedding Rescue\" that would star Spelling and McDermott. Their idea was filed with the Writers Guild, and they pitched it to both the couple and an Oxygen executive. The parties passed on the project only to debut an \"uncannily similar\" show four years later.\\|access\\-date\\=April 26, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=April 27, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427022431/https://tv.yahoo.com/news/tori\\-spelling\\-reality\\-show\\-slapped\\-with\\-\\-60\\-million\\-lawsuit\\-131130397\\.html\\|url\\-status\\=live}} Later in 2011, Spelling voiced the Pirate Princess in *[Jake and the Never Land Pirates](/wiki/Jake_and_the_Never_Land_Pirates \"Jake and the Never Land Pirates\")*. She played a role in the comedy short film *Hoarders: Untold sTori* which premiered at the [Outfest](/wiki/Outfest \"Outfest\") Film Festival in July 2011\\.{{Citation needed \\|date\\=May 2021}}",
"On September 4, 2011, Spelling made an appearance on *[Big Brother 13](/wiki/Big_Brother_13_%28U.S.%29 \"Big Brother 13 (U.S.)\")*.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://people.com/tv/tori\\-spelling\\-visits\\-big\\-brother\\-13\\-recap/\\|title\\=Big Brother: Tori Spelling Makes Surprise Visit\\|work\\=\\[\\[People (magazine)\\|People]]\\|date\\=September 5, 2011\\|access\\-date\\=October 20, 2019\\|archive\\-date\\=March 3, 2016\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223432/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20525867,00\\.html\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"On April 21, 2012, Spelling hosted *[My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic](/wiki/My_Little_Pony:Friendship_Is_Magic \"Friendship Is Magic\")* 'Royal Wedding' special, celebrating the series' second\\-season finale, called *[A Canterlot Wedding](/wiki/A_Canterlot_Wedding \"A Canterlot Wedding\")*. She also hosted the series premiere of *[Craft Wars](/wiki/Craft_Wars \"Craft Wars\")*, where three new contestants each episode battle against each other crafting for a chance to earn $10,000\\.[\"'Craft Wars' Premiere: Tori Spelling Brings Her Passion For Crafting To New Reality Competition Series (VIDEO)\"](http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/27/craft-wars-tori-spelling-reality-competition-series-video_n_1630096.html) {{Webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705053810/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/27/craft\\-wars\\-tori\\-spelling\\-reality\\-competition\\-series\\-video\\_n\\_1630096\\.html \\|date\\=July 5, 2012 }}. *Huffington Post*. June 27, 2012\\.[\"Tori Spelling and 'Craft Wars': A reality contest, but with more glitter\"](http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2012/07/03/tori-spelling-and-craft-wars-a-reality-contest-with-more-glitter/) {{Webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712032657/http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2012/07/03/tori\\-spelling\\-and\\-craft\\-wars\\-a\\-reality\\-contest\\-with\\-more\\-glitter/ \\|date\\=July 12, 2012 }}. *CNN*. July 3, 2012\\.",
"On December 18, 2012, Spelling appeared on [Nick Jr](/wiki/Nick_Jr \"Nick Jr\").'s *[Yo Gabba Gabba!](/wiki/Yo_Gabba_Gabba%21 \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\")* and performed a [skit](/wiki/Sketch_comedy \"Sketch comedy\") where she baked cookies for the characters on the show. This was part of a Christmas special for the series. The special included other famous guests such as [Tony Hawk](/wiki/Tony_Hawk \"Tony Hawk\") and [My Chemical Romance](/wiki/My_Chemical_Romance \"My Chemical Romance\").{{cite web\\|title\\=My Chemical Romance on Yo Gabba Gabba!\\|date\\=December 6, 2011\\|url\\=http://ohnotheydidnt.livejournal.com/64880984\\.html\\|publisher\\=Oh NO They Didn't!\\|access\\-date\\=December 18, 2012\\|archive\\-date\\=February 2, 2012\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202181944/http://ohnotheydidnt.livejournal.com/64880984\\.html\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{cite magazine\\|last\\=Smith\\|first\\=Alexander\\|title\\=Watch Cults on Yo Gabba Gabba!\\|url\\=http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2011/12/watch\\-cults\\-on\\-yo\\-gabba\\-gabba.html\\|magazine\\=Paste\\|access\\-date\\=December 18, 2012\\|archive\\-date\\=July 24, 2012\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724020816/http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2011/12/watch\\-cults\\-on\\-yo\\-gabba\\-gabba.html\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"It was announced on August 26, 2013, that production had started on a reality television series titled *[Tori \\& Dean: Cabin Fever](/wiki/Tori_%26_Dean:Cabin_Fever \"Cabin Fever\")*.{{cite web\\|title\\=Production Begins on 'Tori \\& Dean: Cabin Fever'\\|url\\=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2013/08/26/production\\-begins\\-on\\-tori\\-and\\-dean\\-cabin\\-fever\\-623511/20130826hgtv02/ \\|website\\=\\[\\[The Futon Critic]] \\|date\\=August 26, 2013}} The series chronicles Spelling, McDermott, and their four children as they move to a lakeside cabin in Ontario, Canada while renovating it into their vacation home. Eight half\\-hour episodes were produced and aired on [CMT Canada](/wiki/CMT_%28Canada%29 \"CMT (Canada)\") and [HGTV](/wiki/HGTV \"HGTV\") in 2014\\.",
"Spelling starred in the short\\-lived [ABC Family](/wiki/Freeform_%28TV_channel%29 \"Freeform (TV channel)\") TV series *[Mystery Girls](/wiki/Mystery_Girls \"Mystery Girls\")* with former *90210* co\\-star [Jennie Garth](/wiki/Jennie_Garth \"Jennie Garth\") in 2014\\.{{cite web\\|title\\=Tori Spelling Admits Financial Troubles, Goes From Bling to Budget\\|url\\=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2013/10/tori\\-spelling\\-admits\\-financial\\-troubles\\-goes\\-from\\-bling\\-to\\-budget/\\|work\\=ABC News\\|access\\-date\\=January 24, 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=January 28, 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140128230654/http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2013/10/tori\\-spelling\\-admits\\-financial\\-troubles\\-goes\\-from\\-bling\\-to\\-budget/\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"In 2016, Spelling voiced April in the animated movie *[Izzie's Way Home](/wiki/Izzie%27s_Way_Home \"Izzie's Way Home\")*.{{cite news \\|last\\=Hall \\|first\\=Jacob \\|date\\=January 22, 2016 \\|title\\='Sharknado' Production Company The Asylum Launches an Assault on the Animation Medium With 'Izzie's Way Home' \\|url\\=http://www.slashfilm.com/asylum\\-animated\\-movies/ \\|publisher\\=SlashFilm \\|access\\-date\\=September 9, 2016 \\|archive\\-date\\=September 18, 2016 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918054838/http://www.slashfilm.com/asylum\\-animated\\-movies/ \\|url\\-status\\=live }} The same year, she co\\-starred in the TV movie *[Mother, May I Sleep with Danger?](/wiki/Mother%2C_May_I_Sleep_with_Danger%3F_%282016_film%29 \"Mother, May I Sleep with Danger? (2016 film)\")* alongside [James Franco](/wiki/James_Franco \"James Franco\").{{cite news \\|url\\=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/mother\\-may\\-i\\-sleep\\-danger\\-903438 \\|title\\='Mother, May I Sleep With Danger?' (2016\\): TV Review \\|work\\=\\[\\[The Hollywood Reporter]] \\|date\\=June 15, 2016 \\|access\\-date\\=June 20, 2016 \\|archive\\-date\\=June 19, 2016 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619034754/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/mother\\-may\\-i\\-sleep\\-danger\\-903438? \\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"Since June 24, 2018, Spelling is hosting the TV series *The Look: All Stars*.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://cw35\\.com/news/local/tori\\-spelling\\-kim\\-vo\\-talk\\-new\\-makeover\\-show\\-the\\-look\\-all\\-stars\\-06\\-20\\-2018\\|title\\=Tori Spelling, Kim Vo talk new makeover show 'The Look All Stars'\\|last\\=CW35\\|date\\=June 20, 2018\\|access\\-date\\=July 8, 2018\\|archive\\-date\\=July 8, 2018\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708192210/http://cw35\\.com/news/local/tori\\-spelling\\-kim\\-vo\\-talk\\-new\\-makeover\\-show\\-the\\-look\\-all\\-stars\\-06\\-20\\-2018\\|url\\-status\\=live}} In the same time, she appears in the successful TV movie *[The Last Sharknado: It's About Time](/wiki/Sharknado_6 \"Sharknado 6\")*.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://heavy.com/entertainment/2018/08/sharknado\\-6\\-cameos\\-cast\\-spoilers\\-celebrities/\\|title\\='Sharknado 6' Celebrity Cameos \\& Cast Spoilers\\|first\\=Lauren\\|last\\=Weigle\\|date\\=August 19, 2018\\|access\\-date\\=August 20, 2018\\|archive\\-date\\=August 20, 2018\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820111641/https://heavy.com/entertainment/2018/08/sharknado\\-6\\-cameos\\-cast\\-spoilers\\-celebrities/\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"On January 30, 2019, Spelling competed in the [first season](/wiki/The_Masked_Singer_%28American_TV_series%29_season_1 \"The Masked Singer (American TV series) season 1\") of *[The Masked Singer](/wiki/The_Masked_Singer_%28American_TV_series%29 \"The Masked Singer (American TV series)\")* as \"Unicorn\".{{cite web \\|last1\\=Weisholtz \\|first1\\=Drew \\|title\\=Tori Spelling revealed as the unicorn on 'The Masked Singer' \\|url\\=https://www.today.com/popculture/tori\\-spelling\\-revealed\\-unicorn\\-masked\\-singer\\-t147820 \\|website\\=TODAY.com \\|date\\=January 31, 2019 \\|access\\-date\\=February 1, 2019 \\|language\\=en \\|archive\\-date\\=February 1, 2019 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013137/https://www.today.com/popculture/tori\\-spelling\\-revealed\\-unicorn\\-masked\\-singer\\-t147820 \\|url\\-status\\=live }}",
"In November 2020, Spelling began a podcast with *Beverly Hills 90210* co\\-star [Jennie Garth](/wiki/Jennie_Garth \"Jennie Garth\") titled *9021OMG*, where the two re\\-watch and share memories from their time on the show and chat about their experiences, along with TV and radio personality Sisanie Villaclara.{{Cite web\\|date\\=November 23, 2020\\|title\\=Tori Spelling, Jennie Garth's 'Beverly Hills, 90210' Podcast Revelations\\|url\\=https://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/pictures/tori\\-spelling\\-jennie\\-garths\\-beverly\\-hills\\-90210\\-podcast\\-takeaways/\\|access\\-date\\=December 31, 2020\\|website\\=Us Weekly\\|language\\=en\\-US\\|archive\\-date\\=November 29, 2020\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129041301/https://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/pictures/tori\\-spelling\\-jennie\\-garths\\-beverly\\-hills\\-90210\\-podcast\\-takeaways/\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"In 2022, Spelling appeared as a guest on the [Australian](/wiki/The_Masked_Singer_%28Australian_TV_series%29_season_4 \"The Masked Singer (Australian TV series) season 4\") and [French versions](/wiki/Mask_Singer_%28French_TV_series%29 \"Mask Singer (French TV series)\") of *The Masked Singer*. In 2023, she competed in the [Spanish version](/wiki/Mask_Singer:Adivina_qui%C3%A9n_canta_season_3 \"Adivina quién canta season 3\") of *The Masked Singer* as \"Harlequin\".",
"In September 2024, Spelling was announced as one of the celebrities competing on [season 33](/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_%28American_TV_series%29_season_33 \"Dancing with the Stars (American TV series) season 33\") of *[Dancing with the Stars](/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_%28American_TV_series%29 \"Dancing with the Stars (American TV series)\")*. She is partnered with [Pasha Pashkov](/wiki/Pasha_Pashkov \"Pasha Pashkov\").{{Cite web \\|date\\=September 4, 2024 \\|title\\=Meet the celebrity cast of 'Dancing with the Stars' season 33 \\|url\\=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Culture/dancing\\-with\\-the\\-stars\\-season\\-33\\-cast/story?id\\=113355662 \\|access\\-date\\=September 6, 2024 \\|website\\=ABC News \\|language\\=en}}",
""
] |
Development
-----------
As a direct result of concern over the escalating cost of fighter manufacture, the French government and air force jointly instituted a programme for *chasseurs légers* or 'light fighters' in 1926\. This was unofficially known as the 'Jockey' program, and it envisaged the use of moderate guns, minimal equipment and small amounts of ammunition. Emphasis was placed on climb rate, endurance and a ceiling (high for the time) of 8000 metres. In response to this requirement, Morane\-Saulnier designed the MoS\-121, renamed the MS.121 in 1927; it was intended to be primarily operated as a single\-seat monoplane fighter.
The MS.121 was furnished with a [parasol wing](/wiki/Parasol_wing "Parasol wing"), a design featured that originated from the Morane\-Saulnier during the early 1910s. This wing was of uniform thickness across its whole [span](/wiki/Wingspan "Wingspan"); its [chord](/wiki/Chord_%28aeronautics%29 "Chord (aeronautics)") was similarly uniform. It had no [dihedral](/wiki/Dihedral_%28aeronautics%29 "Dihedral (aeronautics)") but did feature a relatively pronounced [sweepback](/wiki/Swept_wing "Swept wing") . The middle of the wing was fastened to a metal [cabane](/wiki/Cabane_strut "Cabane strut") and was rigidly held in position by a pair of braced struts that were positioned at either side of the fuselage.
The wing was of mixed construction; the structural members comprised a pair of [spars](/wiki/Spar_%28aeronautics%29 "Spar (aeronautics)") with openwork rectangular tubs. The [ribs](/wiki/Rib "Rib") were composed of wood, the covering was largely [fabric](/wiki/Fabric "Fabric") aft of the forward spar, the [leading edge](/wiki/Leading_edge "Leading edge") was covered with [plywood](/wiki/Plywood "Plywood"), and the [ailerons](/wiki/Aileron "Aileron") had a framework made of [duralumin](/wiki/Duralumin "Duralumin"). The ailerons, which were relatively narrow and unbalanced, ran across the entire span of the wing and were rigidly controlled via two rods. The pilot used a wheel to lower them mid\-flight in order to increase the aircraft’s [lift](/wiki/Lift_%28force%29 "Lift (force)") and thereby permit lower landing speeds to be used.NACA 1928, pp. 1\-2\.
The fuselage was mostly conventional for the era, being primarily composed of wood, except for the first two bays, which were made of metal instead.NACA 1928, p. 2\. The framework was braced by [piano wires](/wiki/Piano_wire "Piano wire"). The exterior of the aircraft was covered by ribbed duralumin towards the front while fabric was used for all areas aft of the pilot's cockpit, which was located well behind the wings. The cockpit was large enough for the pilot to readily move about, even when equipped with a [parachute](/wiki/Parachute "Parachute"). Both the seat and the rudder bar were adjustable.
The MS.121 was armed with a pair of forward firing {{cvt\|7\.7\|mm\|3}} [Vickers machine\-guns](/wiki/Vickers_machine-gun "Vickers machine-gun") which fired directly through the propeller arc. An [Optique et Précision de Levallois](/wiki/Optique_et_Pr%C3%A9cision_de_Levallois "Optique et Précision de Levallois")\-supplied collimator functioned as a sight for the pilot. The horizontal [empennage](/wiki/Empennage "Empennage") comprises a stabilizer (which could be adjusted mid\-flight via the use of a wheel) and a two\-part unbalanced [elevator](/wiki/Elevator_%28aeronautics%29 "Elevator (aeronautics)"). The vertical empennage consisted of a [fin](/wiki/Fin "Fin") and an unbalanced [rudder](/wiki/Rudder "Rudder"). All of the tail planes were composed of duralumin and covered with fabric. The stabilizer was [braced](/wiki/Bracing_%28aeronautics%29 "Bracing (aeronautics)") from beneath by a single strut as well as from above via a [streamlined](/wiki/Streamliner "Streamliner") wire.
As built, the aircraft was powered by a single [Hispano\-Suiza 12Jb](/wiki/Hispano-Suiza_12Jb "Hispano-Suiza 12Jb") engine, which (together with its accessories) formed a complete block and thus could be relatively quickly removed for servicing, repair, or replacement.NACA 1928, pp. 2\-3\. A total of four bolts were used to secure it to the framework of the fuselage. Cooling was achieved using a frontal [radiator](/wiki/Radiator_%28engine_cooling%29 "Radiator (engine cooling)") of an in\-house [honeycomb](/wiki/Honeycomb "Honeycomb") design, complete with regulating shutters. Various precautions were in place to manage the risk of an fire in the engine bay, this included an [fire extinguisher](/wiki/Fire_extinguisher "Fire extinguisher"), removable fuel tank, and a [fire wall](/wiki/Firewall_%28engine%29 "Firewall (engine)").NACA 1928, p. 3\.
It was outfitted with a conical\-shaped fuel tank, positioned directly in front of the pilot’s seat (being separately contained by a firewall comprising two sheets of metal and a single sheet of [asbestos](/wiki/Asbestos "Asbestos")) that had a capacity of 210 liters (55\.5 gallons). If required, the tank could be dropped mid\-flight. Fuel was supplied to the engine by a pair of disconnectable pumps.
The [landing gear](/wiki/Landing_gear "Landing gear") conformed with the typical conventions of the company, such as its use of a pair of independent half\-axles. The struts of the landing gear were directly attached to the lower [longerons](/wiki/Longeron "Longeron") of the fuselage via special pivoting joints that eliminated the danger of breaking one of the longerons if one of the struts were to buckle during a hard landing. The [shock absorbers](/wiki/Shock_absorber "Shock absorber"), which were located in the plane of the lateral V\-shaped struts, consisted of a certain number of independent [rubber](/wiki/Rubber "Rubber") loops that could be easily replaced; the entirety was fully enclosed within the covering of the front struts.NACA 1928, pp. 3, 7\. To facilitate ground manoeuvring, the pilot was able to control the orientation of the tail skid in a manner that was independent of the [rudder](/wiki/Rudder "Rudder"). It was attached to the fuselage by two bolts.NACA 1928, pp. 3\-4\.
|
[
"Development\n-----------",
"As a direct result of concern over the escalating cost of fighter manufacture, the French government and air force jointly instituted a programme for *chasseurs légers* or 'light fighters' in 1926\\. This was unofficially known as the 'Jockey' program, and it envisaged the use of moderate guns, minimal equipment and small amounts of ammunition. Emphasis was placed on climb rate, endurance and a ceiling (high for the time) of 8000 metres. In response to this requirement, Morane\\-Saulnier designed the MoS\\-121, renamed the MS.121 in 1927; it was intended to be primarily operated as a single\\-seat monoplane fighter.",
"The MS.121 was furnished with a [parasol wing](/wiki/Parasol_wing \"Parasol wing\"), a design featured that originated from the Morane\\-Saulnier during the early 1910s. This wing was of uniform thickness across its whole [span](/wiki/Wingspan \"Wingspan\"); its [chord](/wiki/Chord_%28aeronautics%29 \"Chord (aeronautics)\") was similarly uniform. It had no [dihedral](/wiki/Dihedral_%28aeronautics%29 \"Dihedral (aeronautics)\") but did feature a relatively pronounced [sweepback](/wiki/Swept_wing \"Swept wing\") . The middle of the wing was fastened to a metal [cabane](/wiki/Cabane_strut \"Cabane strut\") and was rigidly held in position by a pair of braced struts that were positioned at either side of the fuselage.",
"The wing was of mixed construction; the structural members comprised a pair of [spars](/wiki/Spar_%28aeronautics%29 \"Spar (aeronautics)\") with openwork rectangular tubs. The [ribs](/wiki/Rib \"Rib\") were composed of wood, the covering was largely [fabric](/wiki/Fabric \"Fabric\") aft of the forward spar, the [leading edge](/wiki/Leading_edge \"Leading edge\") was covered with [plywood](/wiki/Plywood \"Plywood\"), and the [ailerons](/wiki/Aileron \"Aileron\") had a framework made of [duralumin](/wiki/Duralumin \"Duralumin\"). The ailerons, which were relatively narrow and unbalanced, ran across the entire span of the wing and were rigidly controlled via two rods. The pilot used a wheel to lower them mid\\-flight in order to increase the aircraft’s [lift](/wiki/Lift_%28force%29 \"Lift (force)\") and thereby permit lower landing speeds to be used.NACA 1928, pp. 1\\-2\\.",
"The fuselage was mostly conventional for the era, being primarily composed of wood, except for the first two bays, which were made of metal instead.NACA 1928, p. 2\\. The framework was braced by [piano wires](/wiki/Piano_wire \"Piano wire\"). The exterior of the aircraft was covered by ribbed duralumin towards the front while fabric was used for all areas aft of the pilot's cockpit, which was located well behind the wings. The cockpit was large enough for the pilot to readily move about, even when equipped with a [parachute](/wiki/Parachute \"Parachute\"). Both the seat and the rudder bar were adjustable.",
"The MS.121 was armed with a pair of forward firing {{cvt\\|7\\.7\\|mm\\|3}} [Vickers machine\\-guns](/wiki/Vickers_machine-gun \"Vickers machine-gun\") which fired directly through the propeller arc. An [Optique et Précision de Levallois](/wiki/Optique_et_Pr%C3%A9cision_de_Levallois \"Optique et Précision de Levallois\")\\-supplied collimator functioned as a sight for the pilot. The horizontal [empennage](/wiki/Empennage \"Empennage\") comprises a stabilizer (which could be adjusted mid\\-flight via the use of a wheel) and a two\\-part unbalanced [elevator](/wiki/Elevator_%28aeronautics%29 \"Elevator (aeronautics)\"). The vertical empennage consisted of a [fin](/wiki/Fin \"Fin\") and an unbalanced [rudder](/wiki/Rudder \"Rudder\"). All of the tail planes were composed of duralumin and covered with fabric. The stabilizer was [braced](/wiki/Bracing_%28aeronautics%29 \"Bracing (aeronautics)\") from beneath by a single strut as well as from above via a [streamlined](/wiki/Streamliner \"Streamliner\") wire.",
"As built, the aircraft was powered by a single [Hispano\\-Suiza 12Jb](/wiki/Hispano-Suiza_12Jb \"Hispano-Suiza 12Jb\") engine, which (together with its accessories) formed a complete block and thus could be relatively quickly removed for servicing, repair, or replacement.NACA 1928, pp. 2\\-3\\. A total of four bolts were used to secure it to the framework of the fuselage. Cooling was achieved using a frontal [radiator](/wiki/Radiator_%28engine_cooling%29 \"Radiator (engine cooling)\") of an in\\-house [honeycomb](/wiki/Honeycomb \"Honeycomb\") design, complete with regulating shutters. Various precautions were in place to manage the risk of an fire in the engine bay, this included an [fire extinguisher](/wiki/Fire_extinguisher \"Fire extinguisher\"), removable fuel tank, and a [fire wall](/wiki/Firewall_%28engine%29 \"Firewall (engine)\").NACA 1928, p. 3\\.",
"It was outfitted with a conical\\-shaped fuel tank, positioned directly in front of the pilot’s seat (being separately contained by a firewall comprising two sheets of metal and a single sheet of [asbestos](/wiki/Asbestos \"Asbestos\")) that had a capacity of 210 liters (55\\.5 gallons). If required, the tank could be dropped mid\\-flight. Fuel was supplied to the engine by a pair of disconnectable pumps.",
"The [landing gear](/wiki/Landing_gear \"Landing gear\") conformed with the typical conventions of the company, such as its use of a pair of independent half\\-axles. The struts of the landing gear were directly attached to the lower [longerons](/wiki/Longeron \"Longeron\") of the fuselage via special pivoting joints that eliminated the danger of breaking one of the longerons if one of the struts were to buckle during a hard landing. The [shock absorbers](/wiki/Shock_absorber \"Shock absorber\"), which were located in the plane of the lateral V\\-shaped struts, consisted of a certain number of independent [rubber](/wiki/Rubber \"Rubber\") loops that could be easily replaced; the entirety was fully enclosed within the covering of the front struts.NACA 1928, pp. 3, 7\\. To facilitate ground manoeuvring, the pilot was able to control the orientation of the tail skid in a manner that was independent of the [rudder](/wiki/Rudder \"Rudder\"). It was attached to the fuselage by two bolts.NACA 1928, pp. 3\\-4\\.",
""
] |
Story
-----
### Précis
*Children of Paradise* is set in the theatrical world of Paris during the [July Monarchy](/wiki/July_Monarchy "July Monarchy") (1830–1848\), centred on the area around the [Funambules](/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Funambules "Théâtre des Funambules") theatre, situated on the [Boulevard du Temple](/wiki/Boulevard_du_Temple "Boulevard du Temple") – pejoratively referred to as the "[Boulevard du Crime](/wiki/Boulevard_du_Crime "Boulevard du Crime")".{{cite web\|url\=http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia\_781564824/Theatre\_du\_Funambules.html \|title\=Théâtre du Funambules \|access\-date\=2008\-11\-02 \|author\=Microsoft Corporation \|work\=\[\[Encarta\|MSN Encarta]] \|archive\-url\=https://archive.today/20240524175014/https://www.webcitation.org/5kwQsXMmS?url\=http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia\_781564824/Theatre\_du\_Funambules.html \|archive\-date\=2024\-05\-24 \|author\-link\=Microsoft \|url\-status\=dead }} The film revolves around a beautiful and charismatic courtesan, Garance ([Arletty](/wiki/Arletty "Arletty")). Four men – the mime [Baptiste Deburau](/wiki/Jean-Gaspard_Deburau "Jean-Gaspard Deburau") ([Jean\-Louis Barrault](/wiki/Jean-Louis_Barrault "Jean-Louis Barrault")), the actor [Frédérick Lemaître](/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rick_Lema%C3%AEtre "Frédérick Lemaître") ([Pierre Brasseur](/wiki/Pierre_Brasseur "Pierre Brasseur")), the thief [Pierre François Lacenaire](/wiki/Pierre_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lacenaire "Pierre François Lacenaire") ([Marcel Herrand](/wiki/Marcel_Herrand "Marcel Herrand")), and the aristocrat Édouard de Montray ([Louis Salou](/wiki/Louis_Salou "Louis Salou")) – are in love with Garance, and their intrigues drive the story forward. Garance is briefly intrigued/involved with them all, but leaves them when they attempt to force her to love on their terms, rather than her own. The mime Baptiste is the one who suffers the most in pursuit of the unattainable Garance.
### Story sources
The four men courting Garance are all based on real French personalities of the 1820s and 1830s. [Baptiste Deburau](/wiki/Jean-Gaspard_Deburau "Jean-Gaspard Deburau") was a famous mime and [Frédérick Lemaître](/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rick_Lema%C3%AEtre "Frédérick Lemaître") was an acclaimed actor on the "[Boulevard of Crime](/wiki/Boulevard_du_Crime "Boulevard du Crime")" depicted in the film. [Pierre Lacenaire](/wiki/Pierre_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lacenaire "Pierre François Lacenaire") was an infamous French criminal, and the fictional character of the Comte Édouard de Montray was inspired by the [Duc de Morny](/wiki/Duc_de_Morny "Duc de Morny").
The idea for making a movie based on these characters came from a chance meeting between Carné and Jean\-Louis Barrault, in [Nice](/wiki/Nice "Nice"), during which Barrault pitched the idea of making a movie based on Deburau and Lemaître. Carné, who at the time was hesitant about which movie to direct next, proposed this idea to his friend [Jacques Prévert](/wiki/Jacques_Pr%C3%A9vert "Jacques Prévert"). Prévert was initially reluctant to write a movie about a mime, "Jacques hated pantomime" his brother once said,Turk, p.220 but Barrault assured Prévert, that he and his teacher [Étienne Decroux](/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Decroux "Étienne Decroux"), who plays Baptiste's father in the film, would take responsibility for developing the mime sequences. According to Trauner Prévert then saw an opportunity to include the character of Lacenaire, the "*dandy du crime*", who fascinated him.Turk, p.220\-21 The Germans were then occupying the whole of France, and Prévert is rumoured to have said "They will not let me do a movie about Lacenaire, but I can put Lacenaire in a film about Deburau".[Les Enfants du Paradis](http://www.dvdclassik.com/Critiques/enfants-du-paradis-dvd.htm), by Philippe Morisson {{in lang\|fr}} The script incorporates quotations from Lacenaire's autobiography.
### Plot summary
*Children of Paradise* is divided into two parts, *Boulevard du Crime* ("Boulevard of Crime") and *L'Homme Blanc* ("The Man in White"). The first begins around 1827, the second about seven years later. The action takes place mainly in the neighbourhood of the [Boulevard du Temple](/wiki/Boulevard_du_Temple "Boulevard du Temple") in [Paris](/wiki/Paris "Paris"), nicknamed "Boulevard of Crime" because of all the melodramas and bloody scenarios offered to the largely plebeian public each evening. There are two principal theatres: the *Théâtre des Funambules* ("Theatre of Tightrope Walkers") specializes in pantomime, since the authorities do not allow it to use spoken dialogue, which is reserved for the "official" venue, the Grand Theatre.
**Part I: Boulevard of Crime**
A young actor and womaniser, Frédérick Lemaître, dreams of becoming a star. He meets and flirts with Garance, a beautiful woman who earns her living by modestly exhibiting her physical charms in a carnival show. Garance staves off Frédérick's advances and goes to visit one of her acquaintances, Pierre\-François Lacenaire, a rebel in revolt against society. Lacenaire is a proud, dangerous individual who works as a [scrivener](/wiki/Scrivener "Scrivener") to cover his organized criminal enterprises. Shortly thereafter, Garance is accused of stealing a man's gold watch while she is watching a pantomime featuring Baptiste Deburau and a barker (Baptiste's father) in front of the Funambules Theatre. Lacenaire is in fact the guilty party. Baptiste, dressed up as the stock character [Pierrot](/wiki/Pierrot "Pierrot"), saves her from the police by silently acting out the theft, which he has just witnessed. He reveals a great talent, a veritable vocation for pantomime, but falls immediately and irremediably in love with Garance, saving a flower she thanked him with. In the background, there is a price list for various seats, including *Paradise*, which is visible over the mime's shoulder.
Baptiste's father is one of the stars at the Funambules. The daughter of the theatre director, Nathalie, who is a mime also, is deeply in love with Baptiste. Before the performance that evening, a used\-clothes peddler named Jéricho reads in her palm that she will marry the man she loves, as he knew her father was worried about her mood affecting her performances. When a fight breaks out that evening between two rival clans of actors, Baptiste and Frédérick manage to calm the crowd down by improvising a mime act, thus saving the day's receipts. The most enthusiastic of the spectators are those seated in "[paradise](/wiki/The_gods_%28theatrical%29 "The gods (theatrical)")" (*paradis*), a term denoting in French theatrical language the top floor of the balcony, where the cheapest seats are located.
Later that night, Baptiste catches sight of Garance with Lacenaire and his accomplices in a seedy restaurant/dancehall, "Le Rouge Gorge" (a pun: this means "The Robin" or "The Red Breast", but literally translates as "The Red Throat", a reference to the previous owner's throat having been slit). When he invites Garance to dance, he is thrown out of the restaurant by Avril, one of Lacenaire's thugs. He turns the situation around and leaves with Garance, for whom he finds a room at the same boarding house where he and Frédérick live. After declaring his love, Baptiste flees Garance's room when she says she doesn't feel the same way, despite her clear invitation to stay. When Frédérick hears Garance singing in her room, which is next to his, he quickly joins her.
Baptiste becomes the star of the Funambules; fuelled by his passion, he writes several very popular pantomimes, performing with Garance and Frédérick, who have become lovers. Baptiste is tormented by their affair, while Nathalie, who is convinced that she and Baptiste are "made for each other", suffers from his lack of love for her.
Garance is visited in her dressing room by the Count Édouard de Montray, a wealthy and cynical [dandy](/wiki/Dandy "Dandy") who offers her his fortune if she will agree to become his mistress. Garance is repelled by him and mockingly rejects his proposition. The count nonetheless offers her his protection if the need were to arise. She is later unjustly suspected of complicity in an abortive robbery and murder attempt by Lacenaire and Avril. To avoid arrest she is forced to appeal to Count Édouard for protection. The first part of the film comes to an end with this development.
**Part II: The Man in White**
Several years later, Frédérick has become famous as the star of the Grand Theatre. A man about town and a spendthrift, he is covered with debts – which doesn't prevent him from devastating the mediocre play in which he currently has the main role by exposing it to ridicule in rehearsal and then playing it for laughs, rather than straight melodrama, on opening night. Despite achieving a smashing success, the play's three fussy authors are still outraged and challenge him to a duel. He accepts and when he returns to his dressing room, Frédérick is confronted by Lacenaire, who apparently intends to rob and kill him. However, the criminal is an amateur playwright and strikes up a friendship with the actor instead. He and Avril serve as Frédérick's seconds the next morning, when the actor arrives at the duel dead drunk.
Baptiste is enjoying even greater success as a mime at the Funambules. When Frédérick goes to a performance the day after surviving the duel, he is surprised to find himself in the same box as Garance. His old flame has returned to Paris after having travelled throughout the world with the Count de Montray, who has kept her these several years. She has been attending the Funambules every night incognito to watch Baptiste perform. She knows she has always been genuinely in love with him. Frédérick suddenly finds himself jealous for the first time in his life. While the feeling is highly unpleasant, he remarks that his jealousy will help him as an actor. He will finally be able to play the role of [Othello](/wiki/Othello_%28character%29 "Othello (character)"), having now experienced the emotions which motivate the character. Garance asks Frédérick to tell Baptiste of her presence, but Nathalie, now Baptiste's wife, is first informed by the spiteful rag\-man Jéricho. She sends their small son to Garance's box to mortify her with their family's happiness. By the time Frédérick alerts Baptiste and he rushes to find her, the box is empty.
When Garance returns to the Count's luxurious mansion, she finds Lacenaire waiting for her. Lacenaire satisfies himself that Garance has no love for him and, on his way out, encounters the Count, who is irritated to see such an individual in his home. Lacenaire reacts to the Count's challenge with threats, revealing the knife at his belt. Later, Garance declares to the Count that she will never love him since she is already in love with another man, but declares she will continue to try to please him, and offers to spread the word on the streets that she is "mad" about him, if he would like.
Frédérick has finally achieved his dream of playing the role of [Othello](/wiki/Othello_%28character%29 "Othello (character)"). The Count, who insists on attending the performance with Garance, is convinced that the actor is the man she loves. At a break in the play, the Count coolly mocks Frédérick, trying to provoke him into a duel. Elsewhere Baptiste, who is also in the audience, encounters Garance at last. When Lacenaire takes Frédérick's side in the verbal jousting, the Count attempts to humiliate him as well. Lacenaire takes revenge by calling him a [cuckold](/wiki/Cuckold "Cuckold") and, dramatically pulling back a curtain, reveals Garance in Baptiste's embrace on the balcony. The two lovers slip away to spend the night together in Garance's former room at the Great Post House.
The next morning, at a [hammam](/wiki/Hammam "Hammam"), Lacenaire assassinates the Count. He then calmly sits to wait for the police and meet his "destiny", which is to die on the scaffold. At the rooming house, Nathalie walks in on Baptiste and Garance. Garance is in a hurry to exit in order to prevent the duel between Frédérick and the Count, whom she is unaware has been murdered, but Nathalie blocks her way, insisting that leaving is easy, while to stay and share someone's everyday life, as she has for the past six years with Baptiste, is much more difficult. Garance responds that she has lived with Baptiste for six years as well, that she felt him every day and night even though she was with another. Nathalie dismisses Garance's experience as unimportant and moves past her to Baptiste, allowing Garance to leave. Nathalie pleads with Baptiste for reassurance as he attempts to follow Garance. Baptiste pushes past her and is soon lost in the frantic Carnival crowd amid a sea of bobbing masks and unheeding, white [Pierrots](/wiki/Pierrot "Pierrot"). The film ends as a desperate Baptiste is swept away with the crowd and Garance leaves in her carriage, her face impassive.Singerman, Alan, *French Cinema: The Student's Book*,(English edition) 2006\. The crowd that brought Garance and Baptiste together in the opening scene pulls them apart.
|
[
"Story\n-----",
"### Précis",
"*Children of Paradise* is set in the theatrical world of Paris during the [July Monarchy](/wiki/July_Monarchy \"July Monarchy\") (1830–1848\\), centred on the area around the [Funambules](/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Funambules \"Théâtre des Funambules\") theatre, situated on the [Boulevard du Temple](/wiki/Boulevard_du_Temple \"Boulevard du Temple\") – pejoratively referred to as the \"[Boulevard du Crime](/wiki/Boulevard_du_Crime \"Boulevard du Crime\")\".{{cite web\\|url\\=http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia\\_781564824/Theatre\\_du\\_Funambules.html \\|title\\=Théâtre du Funambules \\|access\\-date\\=2008\\-11\\-02 \\|author\\=Microsoft Corporation \\|work\\=\\[\\[Encarta\\|MSN Encarta]] \\|archive\\-url\\=https://archive.today/20240524175014/https://www.webcitation.org/5kwQsXMmS?url\\=http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia\\_781564824/Theatre\\_du\\_Funambules.html \\|archive\\-date\\=2024\\-05\\-24 \\|author\\-link\\=Microsoft \\|url\\-status\\=dead }} The film revolves around a beautiful and charismatic courtesan, Garance ([Arletty](/wiki/Arletty \"Arletty\")). Four men – the mime [Baptiste Deburau](/wiki/Jean-Gaspard_Deburau \"Jean-Gaspard Deburau\") ([Jean\\-Louis Barrault](/wiki/Jean-Louis_Barrault \"Jean-Louis Barrault\")), the actor [Frédérick Lemaître](/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rick_Lema%C3%AEtre \"Frédérick Lemaître\") ([Pierre Brasseur](/wiki/Pierre_Brasseur \"Pierre Brasseur\")), the thief [Pierre François Lacenaire](/wiki/Pierre_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lacenaire \"Pierre François Lacenaire\") ([Marcel Herrand](/wiki/Marcel_Herrand \"Marcel Herrand\")), and the aristocrat Édouard de Montray ([Louis Salou](/wiki/Louis_Salou \"Louis Salou\")) – are in love with Garance, and their intrigues drive the story forward. Garance is briefly intrigued/involved with them all, but leaves them when they attempt to force her to love on their terms, rather than her own. The mime Baptiste is the one who suffers the most in pursuit of the unattainable Garance.",
"### Story sources",
"The four men courting Garance are all based on real French personalities of the 1820s and 1830s. [Baptiste Deburau](/wiki/Jean-Gaspard_Deburau \"Jean-Gaspard Deburau\") was a famous mime and [Frédérick Lemaître](/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rick_Lema%C3%AEtre \"Frédérick Lemaître\") was an acclaimed actor on the \"[Boulevard of Crime](/wiki/Boulevard_du_Crime \"Boulevard du Crime\")\" depicted in the film. [Pierre Lacenaire](/wiki/Pierre_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lacenaire \"Pierre François Lacenaire\") was an infamous French criminal, and the fictional character of the Comte Édouard de Montray was inspired by the [Duc de Morny](/wiki/Duc_de_Morny \"Duc de Morny\").",
"The idea for making a movie based on these characters came from a chance meeting between Carné and Jean\\-Louis Barrault, in [Nice](/wiki/Nice \"Nice\"), during which Barrault pitched the idea of making a movie based on Deburau and Lemaître. Carné, who at the time was hesitant about which movie to direct next, proposed this idea to his friend [Jacques Prévert](/wiki/Jacques_Pr%C3%A9vert \"Jacques Prévert\"). Prévert was initially reluctant to write a movie about a mime, \"Jacques hated pantomime\" his brother once said,Turk, p.220 but Barrault assured Prévert, that he and his teacher [Étienne Decroux](/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Decroux \"Étienne Decroux\"), who plays Baptiste's father in the film, would take responsibility for developing the mime sequences. According to Trauner Prévert then saw an opportunity to include the character of Lacenaire, the \"*dandy du crime*\", who fascinated him.Turk, p.220\\-21 The Germans were then occupying the whole of France, and Prévert is rumoured to have said \"They will not let me do a movie about Lacenaire, but I can put Lacenaire in a film about Deburau\".[Les Enfants du Paradis](http://www.dvdclassik.com/Critiques/enfants-du-paradis-dvd.htm), by Philippe Morisson {{in lang\\|fr}} The script incorporates quotations from Lacenaire's autobiography.",
"### Plot summary",
"*Children of Paradise* is divided into two parts, *Boulevard du Crime* (\"Boulevard of Crime\") and *L'Homme Blanc* (\"The Man in White\"). The first begins around 1827, the second about seven years later. The action takes place mainly in the neighbourhood of the [Boulevard du Temple](/wiki/Boulevard_du_Temple \"Boulevard du Temple\") in [Paris](/wiki/Paris \"Paris\"), nicknamed \"Boulevard of Crime\" because of all the melodramas and bloody scenarios offered to the largely plebeian public each evening. There are two principal theatres: the *Théâtre des Funambules* (\"Theatre of Tightrope Walkers\") specializes in pantomime, since the authorities do not allow it to use spoken dialogue, which is reserved for the \"official\" venue, the Grand Theatre.",
"**Part I: Boulevard of Crime**",
"A young actor and womaniser, Frédérick Lemaître, dreams of becoming a star. He meets and flirts with Garance, a beautiful woman who earns her living by modestly exhibiting her physical charms in a carnival show. Garance staves off Frédérick's advances and goes to visit one of her acquaintances, Pierre\\-François Lacenaire, a rebel in revolt against society. Lacenaire is a proud, dangerous individual who works as a [scrivener](/wiki/Scrivener \"Scrivener\") to cover his organized criminal enterprises. Shortly thereafter, Garance is accused of stealing a man's gold watch while she is watching a pantomime featuring Baptiste Deburau and a barker (Baptiste's father) in front of the Funambules Theatre. Lacenaire is in fact the guilty party. Baptiste, dressed up as the stock character [Pierrot](/wiki/Pierrot \"Pierrot\"), saves her from the police by silently acting out the theft, which he has just witnessed. He reveals a great talent, a veritable vocation for pantomime, but falls immediately and irremediably in love with Garance, saving a flower she thanked him with. In the background, there is a price list for various seats, including *Paradise*, which is visible over the mime's shoulder.",
"Baptiste's father is one of the stars at the Funambules. The daughter of the theatre director, Nathalie, who is a mime also, is deeply in love with Baptiste. Before the performance that evening, a used\\-clothes peddler named Jéricho reads in her palm that she will marry the man she loves, as he knew her father was worried about her mood affecting her performances. When a fight breaks out that evening between two rival clans of actors, Baptiste and Frédérick manage to calm the crowd down by improvising a mime act, thus saving the day's receipts. The most enthusiastic of the spectators are those seated in \"[paradise](/wiki/The_gods_%28theatrical%29 \"The gods (theatrical)\")\" (*paradis*), a term denoting in French theatrical language the top floor of the balcony, where the cheapest seats are located.",
"Later that night, Baptiste catches sight of Garance with Lacenaire and his accomplices in a seedy restaurant/dancehall, \"Le Rouge Gorge\" (a pun: this means \"The Robin\" or \"The Red Breast\", but literally translates as \"The Red Throat\", a reference to the previous owner's throat having been slit). When he invites Garance to dance, he is thrown out of the restaurant by Avril, one of Lacenaire's thugs. He turns the situation around and leaves with Garance, for whom he finds a room at the same boarding house where he and Frédérick live. After declaring his love, Baptiste flees Garance's room when she says she doesn't feel the same way, despite her clear invitation to stay. When Frédérick hears Garance singing in her room, which is next to his, he quickly joins her.",
"Baptiste becomes the star of the Funambules; fuelled by his passion, he writes several very popular pantomimes, performing with Garance and Frédérick, who have become lovers. Baptiste is tormented by their affair, while Nathalie, who is convinced that she and Baptiste are \"made for each other\", suffers from his lack of love for her.",
"Garance is visited in her dressing room by the Count Édouard de Montray, a wealthy and cynical [dandy](/wiki/Dandy \"Dandy\") who offers her his fortune if she will agree to become his mistress. Garance is repelled by him and mockingly rejects his proposition. The count nonetheless offers her his protection if the need were to arise. She is later unjustly suspected of complicity in an abortive robbery and murder attempt by Lacenaire and Avril. To avoid arrest she is forced to appeal to Count Édouard for protection. The first part of the film comes to an end with this development.",
"**Part II: The Man in White**",
"Several years later, Frédérick has become famous as the star of the Grand Theatre. A man about town and a spendthrift, he is covered with debts – which doesn't prevent him from devastating the mediocre play in which he currently has the main role by exposing it to ridicule in rehearsal and then playing it for laughs, rather than straight melodrama, on opening night. Despite achieving a smashing success, the play's three fussy authors are still outraged and challenge him to a duel. He accepts and when he returns to his dressing room, Frédérick is confronted by Lacenaire, who apparently intends to rob and kill him. However, the criminal is an amateur playwright and strikes up a friendship with the actor instead. He and Avril serve as Frédérick's seconds the next morning, when the actor arrives at the duel dead drunk.",
"Baptiste is enjoying even greater success as a mime at the Funambules. When Frédérick goes to a performance the day after surviving the duel, he is surprised to find himself in the same box as Garance. His old flame has returned to Paris after having travelled throughout the world with the Count de Montray, who has kept her these several years. She has been attending the Funambules every night incognito to watch Baptiste perform. She knows she has always been genuinely in love with him. Frédérick suddenly finds himself jealous for the first time in his life. While the feeling is highly unpleasant, he remarks that his jealousy will help him as an actor. He will finally be able to play the role of [Othello](/wiki/Othello_%28character%29 \"Othello (character)\"), having now experienced the emotions which motivate the character. Garance asks Frédérick to tell Baptiste of her presence, but Nathalie, now Baptiste's wife, is first informed by the spiteful rag\\-man Jéricho. She sends their small son to Garance's box to mortify her with their family's happiness. By the time Frédérick alerts Baptiste and he rushes to find her, the box is empty.",
"When Garance returns to the Count's luxurious mansion, she finds Lacenaire waiting for her. Lacenaire satisfies himself that Garance has no love for him and, on his way out, encounters the Count, who is irritated to see such an individual in his home. Lacenaire reacts to the Count's challenge with threats, revealing the knife at his belt. Later, Garance declares to the Count that she will never love him since she is already in love with another man, but declares she will continue to try to please him, and offers to spread the word on the streets that she is \"mad\" about him, if he would like.",
"Frédérick has finally achieved his dream of playing the role of [Othello](/wiki/Othello_%28character%29 \"Othello (character)\"). The Count, who insists on attending the performance with Garance, is convinced that the actor is the man she loves. At a break in the play, the Count coolly mocks Frédérick, trying to provoke him into a duel. Elsewhere Baptiste, who is also in the audience, encounters Garance at last. When Lacenaire takes Frédérick's side in the verbal jousting, the Count attempts to humiliate him as well. Lacenaire takes revenge by calling him a [cuckold](/wiki/Cuckold \"Cuckold\") and, dramatically pulling back a curtain, reveals Garance in Baptiste's embrace on the balcony. The two lovers slip away to spend the night together in Garance's former room at the Great Post House.",
"The next morning, at a [hammam](/wiki/Hammam \"Hammam\"), Lacenaire assassinates the Count. He then calmly sits to wait for the police and meet his \"destiny\", which is to die on the scaffold. At the rooming house, Nathalie walks in on Baptiste and Garance. Garance is in a hurry to exit in order to prevent the duel between Frédérick and the Count, whom she is unaware has been murdered, but Nathalie blocks her way, insisting that leaving is easy, while to stay and share someone's everyday life, as she has for the past six years with Baptiste, is much more difficult. Garance responds that she has lived with Baptiste for six years as well, that she felt him every day and night even though she was with another. Nathalie dismisses Garance's experience as unimportant and moves past her to Baptiste, allowing Garance to leave. Nathalie pleads with Baptiste for reassurance as he attempts to follow Garance. Baptiste pushes past her and is soon lost in the frantic Carnival crowd amid a sea of bobbing masks and unheeding, white [Pierrots](/wiki/Pierrot \"Pierrot\"). The film ends as a desperate Baptiste is swept away with the crowd and Garance leaves in her carriage, her face impassive.Singerman, Alan, *French Cinema: The Student's Book*,(English edition) 2006\\. The crowd that brought Garance and Baptiste together in the opening scene pulls them apart.",
""
] |
### Plot summary
*Children of Paradise* is divided into two parts, *Boulevard du Crime* ("Boulevard of Crime") and *L'Homme Blanc* ("The Man in White"). The first begins around 1827, the second about seven years later. The action takes place mainly in the neighbourhood of the [Boulevard du Temple](/wiki/Boulevard_du_Temple "Boulevard du Temple") in [Paris](/wiki/Paris "Paris"), nicknamed "Boulevard of Crime" because of all the melodramas and bloody scenarios offered to the largely plebeian public each evening. There are two principal theatres: the *Théâtre des Funambules* ("Theatre of Tightrope Walkers") specializes in pantomime, since the authorities do not allow it to use spoken dialogue, which is reserved for the "official" venue, the Grand Theatre.
**Part I: Boulevard of Crime**
A young actor and womaniser, Frédérick Lemaître, dreams of becoming a star. He meets and flirts with Garance, a beautiful woman who earns her living by modestly exhibiting her physical charms in a carnival show. Garance staves off Frédérick's advances and goes to visit one of her acquaintances, Pierre\-François Lacenaire, a rebel in revolt against society. Lacenaire is a proud, dangerous individual who works as a [scrivener](/wiki/Scrivener "Scrivener") to cover his organized criminal enterprises. Shortly thereafter, Garance is accused of stealing a man's gold watch while she is watching a pantomime featuring Baptiste Deburau and a barker (Baptiste's father) in front of the Funambules Theatre. Lacenaire is in fact the guilty party. Baptiste, dressed up as the stock character [Pierrot](/wiki/Pierrot "Pierrot"), saves her from the police by silently acting out the theft, which he has just witnessed. He reveals a great talent, a veritable vocation for pantomime, but falls immediately and irremediably in love with Garance, saving a flower she thanked him with. In the background, there is a price list for various seats, including *Paradise*, which is visible over the mime's shoulder.
Baptiste's father is one of the stars at the Funambules. The daughter of the theatre director, Nathalie, who is a mime also, is deeply in love with Baptiste. Before the performance that evening, a used\-clothes peddler named Jéricho reads in her palm that she will marry the man she loves, as he knew her father was worried about her mood affecting her performances. When a fight breaks out that evening between two rival clans of actors, Baptiste and Frédérick manage to calm the crowd down by improvising a mime act, thus saving the day's receipts. The most enthusiastic of the spectators are those seated in "[paradise](/wiki/The_gods_%28theatrical%29 "The gods (theatrical)")" (*paradis*), a term denoting in French theatrical language the top floor of the balcony, where the cheapest seats are located.
Later that night, Baptiste catches sight of Garance with Lacenaire and his accomplices in a seedy restaurant/dancehall, "Le Rouge Gorge" (a pun: this means "The Robin" or "The Red Breast", but literally translates as "The Red Throat", a reference to the previous owner's throat having been slit). When he invites Garance to dance, he is thrown out of the restaurant by Avril, one of Lacenaire's thugs. He turns the situation around and leaves with Garance, for whom he finds a room at the same boarding house where he and Frédérick live. After declaring his love, Baptiste flees Garance's room when she says she doesn't feel the same way, despite her clear invitation to stay. When Frédérick hears Garance singing in her room, which is next to his, he quickly joins her.
Baptiste becomes the star of the Funambules; fuelled by his passion, he writes several very popular pantomimes, performing with Garance and Frédérick, who have become lovers. Baptiste is tormented by their affair, while Nathalie, who is convinced that she and Baptiste are "made for each other", suffers from his lack of love for her.
Garance is visited in her dressing room by the Count Édouard de Montray, a wealthy and cynical [dandy](/wiki/Dandy "Dandy") who offers her his fortune if she will agree to become his mistress. Garance is repelled by him and mockingly rejects his proposition. The count nonetheless offers her his protection if the need were to arise. She is later unjustly suspected of complicity in an abortive robbery and murder attempt by Lacenaire and Avril. To avoid arrest she is forced to appeal to Count Édouard for protection. The first part of the film comes to an end with this development.
**Part II: The Man in White**
Several years later, Frédérick has become famous as the star of the Grand Theatre. A man about town and a spendthrift, he is covered with debts – which doesn't prevent him from devastating the mediocre play in which he currently has the main role by exposing it to ridicule in rehearsal and then playing it for laughs, rather than straight melodrama, on opening night. Despite achieving a smashing success, the play's three fussy authors are still outraged and challenge him to a duel. He accepts and when he returns to his dressing room, Frédérick is confronted by Lacenaire, who apparently intends to rob and kill him. However, the criminal is an amateur playwright and strikes up a friendship with the actor instead. He and Avril serve as Frédérick's seconds the next morning, when the actor arrives at the duel dead drunk.
Baptiste is enjoying even greater success as a mime at the Funambules. When Frédérick goes to a performance the day after surviving the duel, he is surprised to find himself in the same box as Garance. His old flame has returned to Paris after having travelled throughout the world with the Count de Montray, who has kept her these several years. She has been attending the Funambules every night incognito to watch Baptiste perform. She knows she has always been genuinely in love with him. Frédérick suddenly finds himself jealous for the first time in his life. While the feeling is highly unpleasant, he remarks that his jealousy will help him as an actor. He will finally be able to play the role of [Othello](/wiki/Othello_%28character%29 "Othello (character)"), having now experienced the emotions which motivate the character. Garance asks Frédérick to tell Baptiste of her presence, but Nathalie, now Baptiste's wife, is first informed by the spiteful rag\-man Jéricho. She sends their small son to Garance's box to mortify her with their family's happiness. By the time Frédérick alerts Baptiste and he rushes to find her, the box is empty.
When Garance returns to the Count's luxurious mansion, she finds Lacenaire waiting for her. Lacenaire satisfies himself that Garance has no love for him and, on his way out, encounters the Count, who is irritated to see such an individual in his home. Lacenaire reacts to the Count's challenge with threats, revealing the knife at his belt. Later, Garance declares to the Count that she will never love him since she is already in love with another man, but declares she will continue to try to please him, and offers to spread the word on the streets that she is "mad" about him, if he would like.
Frédérick has finally achieved his dream of playing the role of [Othello](/wiki/Othello_%28character%29 "Othello (character)"). The Count, who insists on attending the performance with Garance, is convinced that the actor is the man she loves. At a break in the play, the Count coolly mocks Frédérick, trying to provoke him into a duel. Elsewhere Baptiste, who is also in the audience, encounters Garance at last. When Lacenaire takes Frédérick's side in the verbal jousting, the Count attempts to humiliate him as well. Lacenaire takes revenge by calling him a [cuckold](/wiki/Cuckold "Cuckold") and, dramatically pulling back a curtain, reveals Garance in Baptiste's embrace on the balcony. The two lovers slip away to spend the night together in Garance's former room at the Great Post House.
The next morning, at a [hammam](/wiki/Hammam "Hammam"), Lacenaire assassinates the Count. He then calmly sits to wait for the police and meet his "destiny", which is to die on the scaffold. At the rooming house, Nathalie walks in on Baptiste and Garance. Garance is in a hurry to exit in order to prevent the duel between Frédérick and the Count, whom she is unaware has been murdered, but Nathalie blocks her way, insisting that leaving is easy, while to stay and share someone's everyday life, as she has for the past six years with Baptiste, is much more difficult. Garance responds that she has lived with Baptiste for six years as well, that she felt him every day and night even though she was with another. Nathalie dismisses Garance's experience as unimportant and moves past her to Baptiste, allowing Garance to leave. Nathalie pleads with Baptiste for reassurance as he attempts to follow Garance. Baptiste pushes past her and is soon lost in the frantic Carnival crowd amid a sea of bobbing masks and unheeding, white [Pierrots](/wiki/Pierrot "Pierrot"). The film ends as a desperate Baptiste is swept away with the crowd and Garance leaves in her carriage, her face impassive.Singerman, Alan, *French Cinema: The Student's Book*,(English edition) 2006\. The crowd that brought Garance and Baptiste together in the opening scene pulls them apart.
|
[
"### Plot summary",
"*Children of Paradise* is divided into two parts, *Boulevard du Crime* (\"Boulevard of Crime\") and *L'Homme Blanc* (\"The Man in White\"). The first begins around 1827, the second about seven years later. The action takes place mainly in the neighbourhood of the [Boulevard du Temple](/wiki/Boulevard_du_Temple \"Boulevard du Temple\") in [Paris](/wiki/Paris \"Paris\"), nicknamed \"Boulevard of Crime\" because of all the melodramas and bloody scenarios offered to the largely plebeian public each evening. There are two principal theatres: the *Théâtre des Funambules* (\"Theatre of Tightrope Walkers\") specializes in pantomime, since the authorities do not allow it to use spoken dialogue, which is reserved for the \"official\" venue, the Grand Theatre.",
"**Part I: Boulevard of Crime**",
"A young actor and womaniser, Frédérick Lemaître, dreams of becoming a star. He meets and flirts with Garance, a beautiful woman who earns her living by modestly exhibiting her physical charms in a carnival show. Garance staves off Frédérick's advances and goes to visit one of her acquaintances, Pierre\\-François Lacenaire, a rebel in revolt against society. Lacenaire is a proud, dangerous individual who works as a [scrivener](/wiki/Scrivener \"Scrivener\") to cover his organized criminal enterprises. Shortly thereafter, Garance is accused of stealing a man's gold watch while she is watching a pantomime featuring Baptiste Deburau and a barker (Baptiste's father) in front of the Funambules Theatre. Lacenaire is in fact the guilty party. Baptiste, dressed up as the stock character [Pierrot](/wiki/Pierrot \"Pierrot\"), saves her from the police by silently acting out the theft, which he has just witnessed. He reveals a great talent, a veritable vocation for pantomime, but falls immediately and irremediably in love with Garance, saving a flower she thanked him with. In the background, there is a price list for various seats, including *Paradise*, which is visible over the mime's shoulder.",
"Baptiste's father is one of the stars at the Funambules. The daughter of the theatre director, Nathalie, who is a mime also, is deeply in love with Baptiste. Before the performance that evening, a used\\-clothes peddler named Jéricho reads in her palm that she will marry the man she loves, as he knew her father was worried about her mood affecting her performances. When a fight breaks out that evening between two rival clans of actors, Baptiste and Frédérick manage to calm the crowd down by improvising a mime act, thus saving the day's receipts. The most enthusiastic of the spectators are those seated in \"[paradise](/wiki/The_gods_%28theatrical%29 \"The gods (theatrical)\")\" (*paradis*), a term denoting in French theatrical language the top floor of the balcony, where the cheapest seats are located.",
"Later that night, Baptiste catches sight of Garance with Lacenaire and his accomplices in a seedy restaurant/dancehall, \"Le Rouge Gorge\" (a pun: this means \"The Robin\" or \"The Red Breast\", but literally translates as \"The Red Throat\", a reference to the previous owner's throat having been slit). When he invites Garance to dance, he is thrown out of the restaurant by Avril, one of Lacenaire's thugs. He turns the situation around and leaves with Garance, for whom he finds a room at the same boarding house where he and Frédérick live. After declaring his love, Baptiste flees Garance's room when she says she doesn't feel the same way, despite her clear invitation to stay. When Frédérick hears Garance singing in her room, which is next to his, he quickly joins her.",
"Baptiste becomes the star of the Funambules; fuelled by his passion, he writes several very popular pantomimes, performing with Garance and Frédérick, who have become lovers. Baptiste is tormented by their affair, while Nathalie, who is convinced that she and Baptiste are \"made for each other\", suffers from his lack of love for her.",
"Garance is visited in her dressing room by the Count Édouard de Montray, a wealthy and cynical [dandy](/wiki/Dandy \"Dandy\") who offers her his fortune if she will agree to become his mistress. Garance is repelled by him and mockingly rejects his proposition. The count nonetheless offers her his protection if the need were to arise. She is later unjustly suspected of complicity in an abortive robbery and murder attempt by Lacenaire and Avril. To avoid arrest she is forced to appeal to Count Édouard for protection. The first part of the film comes to an end with this development.",
"**Part II: The Man in White**",
"Several years later, Frédérick has become famous as the star of the Grand Theatre. A man about town and a spendthrift, he is covered with debts – which doesn't prevent him from devastating the mediocre play in which he currently has the main role by exposing it to ridicule in rehearsal and then playing it for laughs, rather than straight melodrama, on opening night. Despite achieving a smashing success, the play's three fussy authors are still outraged and challenge him to a duel. He accepts and when he returns to his dressing room, Frédérick is confronted by Lacenaire, who apparently intends to rob and kill him. However, the criminal is an amateur playwright and strikes up a friendship with the actor instead. He and Avril serve as Frédérick's seconds the next morning, when the actor arrives at the duel dead drunk.",
"Baptiste is enjoying even greater success as a mime at the Funambules. When Frédérick goes to a performance the day after surviving the duel, he is surprised to find himself in the same box as Garance. His old flame has returned to Paris after having travelled throughout the world with the Count de Montray, who has kept her these several years. She has been attending the Funambules every night incognito to watch Baptiste perform. She knows she has always been genuinely in love with him. Frédérick suddenly finds himself jealous for the first time in his life. While the feeling is highly unpleasant, he remarks that his jealousy will help him as an actor. He will finally be able to play the role of [Othello](/wiki/Othello_%28character%29 \"Othello (character)\"), having now experienced the emotions which motivate the character. Garance asks Frédérick to tell Baptiste of her presence, but Nathalie, now Baptiste's wife, is first informed by the spiteful rag\\-man Jéricho. She sends their small son to Garance's box to mortify her with their family's happiness. By the time Frédérick alerts Baptiste and he rushes to find her, the box is empty.",
"When Garance returns to the Count's luxurious mansion, she finds Lacenaire waiting for her. Lacenaire satisfies himself that Garance has no love for him and, on his way out, encounters the Count, who is irritated to see such an individual in his home. Lacenaire reacts to the Count's challenge with threats, revealing the knife at his belt. Later, Garance declares to the Count that she will never love him since she is already in love with another man, but declares she will continue to try to please him, and offers to spread the word on the streets that she is \"mad\" about him, if he would like.",
"Frédérick has finally achieved his dream of playing the role of [Othello](/wiki/Othello_%28character%29 \"Othello (character)\"). The Count, who insists on attending the performance with Garance, is convinced that the actor is the man she loves. At a break in the play, the Count coolly mocks Frédérick, trying to provoke him into a duel. Elsewhere Baptiste, who is also in the audience, encounters Garance at last. When Lacenaire takes Frédérick's side in the verbal jousting, the Count attempts to humiliate him as well. Lacenaire takes revenge by calling him a [cuckold](/wiki/Cuckold \"Cuckold\") and, dramatically pulling back a curtain, reveals Garance in Baptiste's embrace on the balcony. The two lovers slip away to spend the night together in Garance's former room at the Great Post House.",
"The next morning, at a [hammam](/wiki/Hammam \"Hammam\"), Lacenaire assassinates the Count. He then calmly sits to wait for the police and meet his \"destiny\", which is to die on the scaffold. At the rooming house, Nathalie walks in on Baptiste and Garance. Garance is in a hurry to exit in order to prevent the duel between Frédérick and the Count, whom she is unaware has been murdered, but Nathalie blocks her way, insisting that leaving is easy, while to stay and share someone's everyday life, as she has for the past six years with Baptiste, is much more difficult. Garance responds that she has lived with Baptiste for six years as well, that she felt him every day and night even though she was with another. Nathalie dismisses Garance's experience as unimportant and moves past her to Baptiste, allowing Garance to leave. Nathalie pleads with Baptiste for reassurance as he attempts to follow Garance. Baptiste pushes past her and is soon lost in the frantic Carnival crowd amid a sea of bobbing masks and unheeding, white [Pierrots](/wiki/Pierrot \"Pierrot\"). The film ends as a desperate Baptiste is swept away with the crowd and Garance leaves in her carriage, her face impassive.Singerman, Alan, *French Cinema: The Student's Book*,(English edition) 2006\\. The crowd that brought Garance and Baptiste together in the opening scene pulls them apart.",
""
] |
Playing career
--------------
### Colleges
It was during Buckley's secondary education at the [North Monastery](/wiki/The_North_Monastery "The North Monastery") where his talents at [Gaelic games](/wiki/Gaelic_games "Gaelic games") were first brought to the fore. In 1934 Buckley was a key member of the college team that captured the [Harty Cup](/wiki/Dr._Harty_Cup "Dr. Harty Cup") title. When the North Mon retained the cup again in 1935, Buckley was captain of the team. That same year he captured a [Munster](/wiki/Corn_U%C3%AD_Mhuir%C3%AD "Corn Uí Mhuirí") medal with the college's senior football team. Together with his schoolmate [Jack Lynch](/wiki/Jack_Lynch "Jack Lynch"), Buckley was also chosen on the Munster colleges' inter\-provincial hurling and football teams that year.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.examiner.ie/irishexaminer/pages/story.aspx\-qqqg\=sport\-qqqm\=GAA\-qqqa\=sport\-qqqid\=83212\-qqqx\=1\.asp \|title\=The best hurling team of the North Mon \|publisher\=Diarmuid O'Donovan website \|date\=8 February 2011 \|accessdate\=27 February 2013 \|first\=Diarmuid \|last\=O'Donovan \|url\-status\=dead \|archiveurl\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216232912/http://www.examiner.ie/irishexaminer/pages/story.aspx\-qqqg%3Dsport\-qqqm%3DGAA\-qqqa%3Dsport\-qqqid%3D83212\-qqqx%3D1\.asp \|archivedate\=16 February 2012 \|df\=dmy }}
### Club
Buckley played his club hurling with the famous [Glen Rovers](/wiki/Glen_Rovers_GAA "Glen Rovers GAA") and enjoyed much success during a golden age for the club.
As a [dual player](/wiki/Dual_player "Dual player") in the minor grades he won a minor football championship medal with the Glen's sister team, [St. Nick's](/wiki/St._Nicholas%27s_GAA "St. Nicholas's GAA"), in 1932\. The following year Buckley captured a minor hurling championship medal with Glen Rovers, thus beginning a great era of success.
By 1934 Buckley had joined the Glen Rovers senior hurling team and he played at midfield as the Glen lined out in only their second ever championship decider. A 3–2 to 0–6 defeat of four\-in\-a\-row hopefuls [St. Finbarr's](/wiki/St._Finbarr%27s_GAA "St. Finbarr's GAA") gave Buckley a [Cork Senior Hurling Championship](/wiki/Cork_Senior_Hurling_Championship "Cork Senior Hurling Championship") medal.{{cite web\|url\=http://glenrovers.ie/contentPage/56137/1934\_and\_the\_glen\_county\|title\=1934 and the Glen County\|publisher\=Glen Rovers GAA website\|accessdate\=25 February 2013\|url\-status\=dead\|archiveurl\=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011143919/http://glenrovers.ie/contentPage/56137/1934\_and\_the\_glen\_county\|archivedate\=11 October 2013\|df\=dmy\-all}} He added a second championship medal to his collection the following year when [Carrigtwohill](/wiki/Carrigtwohill_GAA "Carrigtwohill GAA") gave Glen Rovers a walkover in the championship decider.
The Glen continued to dominated Cork hurling once again in 1936\. In spite of having two players sent off, Buckley won a third successive championship medal following a decisive 7–5 to 4–2 defeat of [Sarsfield's](/wiki/Sarsfield%27s_GAA_%28Cork%29 "Sarsfield's GAA (Cork)").{{cite web\|url\=http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/matches/1936final.htm \|archive\-url\=https://archive.today/20130412230427/http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/matches/1936final.htm \|url\-status\=dead \|archive\-date\=12 April 2013 \|title\=1936 County Senior Championship Final \|publisher\=Sarsfield's GAA website \|accessdate\=25 February 2013 }}
Having been granted a walkover by the same opposition two years earlier, Glen Rovers faced Carrigtwohill in the county decider of 1937\. The dominance continued and a 3–5 to 1–0 score line gave Buckley a fourth championship medal.
In 1938 Glen Rovers set out to make history by besting [Blackrock's](/wiki/Blackrock_GAA "Blackrock GAA") twenty\-five\-year\-old championship record. [Midleton](/wiki/Midleton_GAA "Midleton GAA") stood in the way of a fifth successive championship title, however, a comprehensive 5–6 o 1–3 score line secured the victory and gave Buckley his fifth championship. He also collected his first [championship](/wiki/Cork_Senior_Football_Championship "Cork Senior Football Championship") medal in football that year as St. Nick's defeated [Clonakilty](/wiki/Clonakilty_GAA "Clonakilty GAA").
The success continued once again the following year as Glen Rovers faced Blackrock in their first championship decider meeting in almost a decade. A 5–4 to 2–5 win for the Glen gave Buckley a sixth successive championship medal.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.blackrockhurlingclub.com/blackrockhurling.org/1939team.htm \|title\=1939 Blackrock Team \|publisher\=Blackrock GAA website \|accessdate\=25 February 2013 \|url\-status\=dead \|archiveurl\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518113317/http://www.blackrockhurlingclub.com/blackrockhurling.org/1939team.htm \|archivedate\=18 May 2015 \|df\=dmy }}
Sarsfield's stood in the way of Glen Rovers securing a seventh successive championship in 1940\. In one of the most high\-scoring county finals of all\-time, Buckley won his seventh championship medal following a 10–6 to 7–5 defeat of Sars.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/history/40s.htm \|archive\-url\=https://archive.today/20130412225834/http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/history/40s.htm \|url\-status\=dead \|archive\-date\=12 April 2013 \|title\=The 1940s \|publisher\=Sarsfield's GAA website \|accessdate\=25 February 2013 }}
In 1941 Glen Rovers reached an eighth successive decider. In a game that set them apart from all other teams, the Glen continued their stranglehold of club hurling in Cork by claiming the victory following a 4–7 to 2–2 defeat of [Ballincollig](/wiki/Ballincollig_GAA "Ballincollig GAA"). Buckley had the distinction of being the only player to have lined out in all eight victories. He also added a second football championship medal to his collection as [Millstreet](/wiki/Millstreet_GAA "Millstreet GAA") were accounted for in the county final.
Nine\-in\-a\-row proved beyond Glen Rovers and a defeat by Ballincollig in the championship semi\-final brought the curtain down of Buckley's senior club career.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.ballincolliggaa.ie/contentPage/27227/in1942\_ballincollig\_ended\_the\_glen\_rovers9\_year\_county\_run\|title\=Glen dream team knocked out\|publisher\=Ballincollig GAA website\|date\=\|accessdate\=25 February 2013\|first\=\|last\=\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330022646/http://www.ballincolliggaa.ie/contentPage/27227/in1942\_ballincollig\_ended\_the\_glen\_rovers9\_year\_county\_run\|archive\-date\=30 March 2012\|url\-status\=dead}}
### Inter\-county
Buckley joined the Cork senior hurling team in 1934 and was an unused substitute for that year's championship. He made his debut in the 1934–35 National League and immediately became a regular member of the starting fifteen.
In 1939 Cork made a breakthrough in the provincial championship after nearly a decade in the doldrums. A narrow 4–3 to 3–4 defeat of [Limerick](/wiki/Limerick_GAA "Limerick GAA") gave Cork the title and gave Buckley his only [Munster](/wiki/Munster_Senior_Hurling_Championship "Munster Senior Hurling Championship") medal. The subsequent All\-Ireland final pitted Cork against [Kilkenny](/wiki/Kilkenny_GAA "Kilkenny GAA"). In one of the most iconic championship deciders of all\-time, played on the day that [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II "World War II") broke out, the climax of which was played in a ferocious thunder storm. While a draw looked likely as the hour drew to a close [Paddy Phelan](/wiki/Paddy_Phelan "Paddy Phelan") sent a seventy\-yard free in towards the Cork goalmouth. The sliotar was gobbled up by the defence and cleared, but only as far as [Jimmy Kelly](/wiki/Jimmy_Kelly_%281930s_hurler%29 "Jimmy Kelly (1930s hurler)") who sent it straight over the bar for a one\-point lead. Immediately after the puck\-out the referee blew the whistle and Cork were defeated on a score line of 2–7 to 3–3\.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.independent.ie/regionals/carlowpeople/temp/scoring\-hero\-of\-the\-thunder\-and\-lightning\-final\-27035492\.html \|archive\-url\=https://archive.today/20130412222604/http://www.independent.ie/regionals/carlowpeople/temp/scoring\-hero\-of\-the\-thunder\-and\-lightning\-final\-27035492\.html \|url\-status\=dead \|archive\-date\=12 April 2013 \|title\=Scoring hero of the 'thunder and lightning' final \|publisher\=Carlow People \|date\=29 June 2010 \|accessdate\=25 February 2013 }}
Although defeated in the All\-Ireland decider, Cork continued their breakthrough in 1940\. An 8–9 to 6–4 defeat of [Tipperary](/wiki/Tipperary_GAA "Tipperary GAA") in the decider gave Buckley his first [National Hurling League](/wiki/National_Hurling_League "National Hurling League") medal. He added a second winners' medal to his collection in 1941 following a defeat of [Dublin](/wiki/Dublin_GAA "Dublin GAA").
An outbreak of [foot and mouth disease](/wiki/Foot_and_mouth_disease "Foot and mouth disease") severely hampered the 1941 championship. As a result of this Cork were nominated to represent the province in the All\-Ireland series. Buckley captained the team in the final against Dublin, however, it turned into a one\-sided affair thanks to contributing goals from [Johnny Quirke](/wiki/Johnny_Quirke "Johnny Quirke") and [Ted O'Sullivan](/wiki/Ted_O%27Sullivan_%28hurler%29 "Ted O'Sullivan (hurler)"). At the full\-time whistle Cork had won by 5–11 to 0–6\. It was one of the most one\-sided championship deciders of all\-time, however, it did give Buckley an [All\-Ireland](/wiki/All-Ireland_Senior_Hurling_Championship "All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship") medal, as well as the honour of collecting the [Liam MacCarthy Cup](/wiki/Liam_MacCarthy_Cup "Liam MacCarthy Cup") on behalf of Cork.
Buckley's emigration in 1942 brought his inter\-county hurling career to a premature end. He returned in 1943, however, a young Cork team were attempting to capture a third All\-Ireland title in\-a\-row. There was no place for Buckley on this team.
### Inter\-provincial
Buckley also lined out with [Munster](/wiki/Munster_GAA "Munster GAA") in the inter\-provincial hurling championship where he played alongside his championship rivals from other Munster hurling counties. He played in the [Railway Cup](/wiki/Railway_Cup "Railway Cup") final of 1941, however, Munster were defeated by [Leinster](/wiki/Leinster_GAA "Leinster GAA") on that occasion.{{cite web\|url\=http://munster.gaa.ie/history/railway\-cup\-hurling/\|title\=Munster Railway Cup Hurling Teams\|publisher\=Munster GAA website\|date\=\|accessdate\=25 February 2013}}
|
[
"Playing career\n--------------",
"### Colleges",
"It was during Buckley's secondary education at the [North Monastery](/wiki/The_North_Monastery \"The North Monastery\") where his talents at [Gaelic games](/wiki/Gaelic_games \"Gaelic games\") were first brought to the fore. In 1934 Buckley was a key member of the college team that captured the [Harty Cup](/wiki/Dr._Harty_Cup \"Dr. Harty Cup\") title. When the North Mon retained the cup again in 1935, Buckley was captain of the team. That same year he captured a [Munster](/wiki/Corn_U%C3%AD_Mhuir%C3%AD \"Corn Uí Mhuirí\") medal with the college's senior football team. Together with his schoolmate [Jack Lynch](/wiki/Jack_Lynch \"Jack Lynch\"), Buckley was also chosen on the Munster colleges' inter\\-provincial hurling and football teams that year.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.examiner.ie/irishexaminer/pages/story.aspx\\-qqqg\\=sport\\-qqqm\\=GAA\\-qqqa\\=sport\\-qqqid\\=83212\\-qqqx\\=1\\.asp \\|title\\=The best hurling team of the North Mon \\|publisher\\=Diarmuid O'Donovan website \\|date\\=8 February 2011 \\|accessdate\\=27 February 2013 \\|first\\=Diarmuid \\|last\\=O'Donovan \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archiveurl\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216232912/http://www.examiner.ie/irishexaminer/pages/story.aspx\\-qqqg%3Dsport\\-qqqm%3DGAA\\-qqqa%3Dsport\\-qqqid%3D83212\\-qqqx%3D1\\.asp \\|archivedate\\=16 February 2012 \\|df\\=dmy }}",
"### Club",
"Buckley played his club hurling with the famous [Glen Rovers](/wiki/Glen_Rovers_GAA \"Glen Rovers GAA\") and enjoyed much success during a golden age for the club.",
"As a [dual player](/wiki/Dual_player \"Dual player\") in the minor grades he won a minor football championship medal with the Glen's sister team, [St. Nick's](/wiki/St._Nicholas%27s_GAA \"St. Nicholas's GAA\"), in 1932\\. The following year Buckley captured a minor hurling championship medal with Glen Rovers, thus beginning a great era of success.",
"By 1934 Buckley had joined the Glen Rovers senior hurling team and he played at midfield as the Glen lined out in only their second ever championship decider. A 3–2 to 0–6 defeat of four\\-in\\-a\\-row hopefuls [St. Finbarr's](/wiki/St._Finbarr%27s_GAA \"St. Finbarr's GAA\") gave Buckley a [Cork Senior Hurling Championship](/wiki/Cork_Senior_Hurling_Championship \"Cork Senior Hurling Championship\") medal.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://glenrovers.ie/contentPage/56137/1934\\_and\\_the\\_glen\\_county\\|title\\=1934 and the Glen County\\|publisher\\=Glen Rovers GAA website\\|accessdate\\=25 February 2013\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|archiveurl\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011143919/http://glenrovers.ie/contentPage/56137/1934\\_and\\_the\\_glen\\_county\\|archivedate\\=11 October 2013\\|df\\=dmy\\-all}} He added a second championship medal to his collection the following year when [Carrigtwohill](/wiki/Carrigtwohill_GAA \"Carrigtwohill GAA\") gave Glen Rovers a walkover in the championship decider.",
"The Glen continued to dominated Cork hurling once again in 1936\\. In spite of having two players sent off, Buckley won a third successive championship medal following a decisive 7–5 to 4–2 defeat of [Sarsfield's](/wiki/Sarsfield%27s_GAA_%28Cork%29 \"Sarsfield's GAA (Cork)\").{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/matches/1936final.htm \\|archive\\-url\\=https://archive.today/20130412230427/http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/matches/1936final.htm \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archive\\-date\\=12 April 2013 \\|title\\=1936 County Senior Championship Final \\|publisher\\=Sarsfield's GAA website \\|accessdate\\=25 February 2013 }}",
"Having been granted a walkover by the same opposition two years earlier, Glen Rovers faced Carrigtwohill in the county decider of 1937\\. The dominance continued and a 3–5 to 1–0 score line gave Buckley a fourth championship medal.",
"In 1938 Glen Rovers set out to make history by besting [Blackrock's](/wiki/Blackrock_GAA \"Blackrock GAA\") twenty\\-five\\-year\\-old championship record. [Midleton](/wiki/Midleton_GAA \"Midleton GAA\") stood in the way of a fifth successive championship title, however, a comprehensive 5–6 o 1–3 score line secured the victory and gave Buckley his fifth championship. He also collected his first [championship](/wiki/Cork_Senior_Football_Championship \"Cork Senior Football Championship\") medal in football that year as St. Nick's defeated [Clonakilty](/wiki/Clonakilty_GAA \"Clonakilty GAA\").",
"The success continued once again the following year as Glen Rovers faced Blackrock in their first championship decider meeting in almost a decade. A 5–4 to 2–5 win for the Glen gave Buckley a sixth successive championship medal.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.blackrockhurlingclub.com/blackrockhurling.org/1939team.htm \\|title\\=1939 Blackrock Team \\|publisher\\=Blackrock GAA website \\|accessdate\\=25 February 2013 \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archiveurl\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518113317/http://www.blackrockhurlingclub.com/blackrockhurling.org/1939team.htm \\|archivedate\\=18 May 2015 \\|df\\=dmy }}",
"Sarsfield's stood in the way of Glen Rovers securing a seventh successive championship in 1940\\. In one of the most high\\-scoring county finals of all\\-time, Buckley won his seventh championship medal following a 10–6 to 7–5 defeat of Sars.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/history/40s.htm \\|archive\\-url\\=https://archive.today/20130412225834/http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/history/40s.htm \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archive\\-date\\=12 April 2013 \\|title\\=The 1940s \\|publisher\\=Sarsfield's GAA website \\|accessdate\\=25 February 2013 }}",
"In 1941 Glen Rovers reached an eighth successive decider. In a game that set them apart from all other teams, the Glen continued their stranglehold of club hurling in Cork by claiming the victory following a 4–7 to 2–2 defeat of [Ballincollig](/wiki/Ballincollig_GAA \"Ballincollig GAA\"). Buckley had the distinction of being the only player to have lined out in all eight victories. He also added a second football championship medal to his collection as [Millstreet](/wiki/Millstreet_GAA \"Millstreet GAA\") were accounted for in the county final.",
"Nine\\-in\\-a\\-row proved beyond Glen Rovers and a defeat by Ballincollig in the championship semi\\-final brought the curtain down of Buckley's senior club career.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.ballincolliggaa.ie/contentPage/27227/in1942\\_ballincollig\\_ended\\_the\\_glen\\_rovers9\\_year\\_county\\_run\\|title\\=Glen dream team knocked out\\|publisher\\=Ballincollig GAA website\\|date\\=\\|accessdate\\=25 February 2013\\|first\\=\\|last\\=\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330022646/http://www.ballincolliggaa.ie/contentPage/27227/in1942\\_ballincollig\\_ended\\_the\\_glen\\_rovers9\\_year\\_county\\_run\\|archive\\-date\\=30 March 2012\\|url\\-status\\=dead}}",
"### Inter\\-county",
"Buckley joined the Cork senior hurling team in 1934 and was an unused substitute for that year's championship. He made his debut in the 1934–35 National League and immediately became a regular member of the starting fifteen.",
"In 1939 Cork made a breakthrough in the provincial championship after nearly a decade in the doldrums. A narrow 4–3 to 3–4 defeat of [Limerick](/wiki/Limerick_GAA \"Limerick GAA\") gave Cork the title and gave Buckley his only [Munster](/wiki/Munster_Senior_Hurling_Championship \"Munster Senior Hurling Championship\") medal. The subsequent All\\-Ireland final pitted Cork against [Kilkenny](/wiki/Kilkenny_GAA \"Kilkenny GAA\"). In one of the most iconic championship deciders of all\\-time, played on the day that [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\") broke out, the climax of which was played in a ferocious thunder storm. While a draw looked likely as the hour drew to a close [Paddy Phelan](/wiki/Paddy_Phelan \"Paddy Phelan\") sent a seventy\\-yard free in towards the Cork goalmouth. The sliotar was gobbled up by the defence and cleared, but only as far as [Jimmy Kelly](/wiki/Jimmy_Kelly_%281930s_hurler%29 \"Jimmy Kelly (1930s hurler)\") who sent it straight over the bar for a one\\-point lead. Immediately after the puck\\-out the referee blew the whistle and Cork were defeated on a score line of 2–7 to 3–3\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.independent.ie/regionals/carlowpeople/temp/scoring\\-hero\\-of\\-the\\-thunder\\-and\\-lightning\\-final\\-27035492\\.html \\|archive\\-url\\=https://archive.today/20130412222604/http://www.independent.ie/regionals/carlowpeople/temp/scoring\\-hero\\-of\\-the\\-thunder\\-and\\-lightning\\-final\\-27035492\\.html \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archive\\-date\\=12 April 2013 \\|title\\=Scoring hero of the 'thunder and lightning' final \\|publisher\\=Carlow People \\|date\\=29 June 2010 \\|accessdate\\=25 February 2013 }}",
"Although defeated in the All\\-Ireland decider, Cork continued their breakthrough in 1940\\. An 8–9 to 6–4 defeat of [Tipperary](/wiki/Tipperary_GAA \"Tipperary GAA\") in the decider gave Buckley his first [National Hurling League](/wiki/National_Hurling_League \"National Hurling League\") medal. He added a second winners' medal to his collection in 1941 following a defeat of [Dublin](/wiki/Dublin_GAA \"Dublin GAA\").",
"An outbreak of [foot and mouth disease](/wiki/Foot_and_mouth_disease \"Foot and mouth disease\") severely hampered the 1941 championship. As a result of this Cork were nominated to represent the province in the All\\-Ireland series. Buckley captained the team in the final against Dublin, however, it turned into a one\\-sided affair thanks to contributing goals from [Johnny Quirke](/wiki/Johnny_Quirke \"Johnny Quirke\") and [Ted O'Sullivan](/wiki/Ted_O%27Sullivan_%28hurler%29 \"Ted O'Sullivan (hurler)\"). At the full\\-time whistle Cork had won by 5–11 to 0–6\\. It was one of the most one\\-sided championship deciders of all\\-time, however, it did give Buckley an [All\\-Ireland](/wiki/All-Ireland_Senior_Hurling_Championship \"All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\") medal, as well as the honour of collecting the [Liam MacCarthy Cup](/wiki/Liam_MacCarthy_Cup \"Liam MacCarthy Cup\") on behalf of Cork.",
"Buckley's emigration in 1942 brought his inter\\-county hurling career to a premature end. He returned in 1943, however, a young Cork team were attempting to capture a third All\\-Ireland title in\\-a\\-row. There was no place for Buckley on this team.",
"### Inter\\-provincial",
"Buckley also lined out with [Munster](/wiki/Munster_GAA \"Munster GAA\") in the inter\\-provincial hurling championship where he played alongside his championship rivals from other Munster hurling counties. He played in the [Railway Cup](/wiki/Railway_Cup \"Railway Cup\") final of 1941, however, Munster were defeated by [Leinster](/wiki/Leinster_GAA \"Leinster GAA\") on that occasion.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://munster.gaa.ie/history/railway\\-cup\\-hurling/\\|title\\=Munster Railway Cup Hurling Teams\\|publisher\\=Munster GAA website\\|date\\=\\|accessdate\\=25 February 2013}}",
""
] |
### Club
Buckley played his club hurling with the famous [Glen Rovers](/wiki/Glen_Rovers_GAA "Glen Rovers GAA") and enjoyed much success during a golden age for the club.
As a [dual player](/wiki/Dual_player "Dual player") in the minor grades he won a minor football championship medal with the Glen's sister team, [St. Nick's](/wiki/St._Nicholas%27s_GAA "St. Nicholas's GAA"), in 1932\. The following year Buckley captured a minor hurling championship medal with Glen Rovers, thus beginning a great era of success.
By 1934 Buckley had joined the Glen Rovers senior hurling team and he played at midfield as the Glen lined out in only their second ever championship decider. A 3–2 to 0–6 defeat of four\-in\-a\-row hopefuls [St. Finbarr's](/wiki/St._Finbarr%27s_GAA "St. Finbarr's GAA") gave Buckley a [Cork Senior Hurling Championship](/wiki/Cork_Senior_Hurling_Championship "Cork Senior Hurling Championship") medal.{{cite web\|url\=http://glenrovers.ie/contentPage/56137/1934\_and\_the\_glen\_county\|title\=1934 and the Glen County\|publisher\=Glen Rovers GAA website\|accessdate\=25 February 2013\|url\-status\=dead\|archiveurl\=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011143919/http://glenrovers.ie/contentPage/56137/1934\_and\_the\_glen\_county\|archivedate\=11 October 2013\|df\=dmy\-all}} He added a second championship medal to his collection the following year when [Carrigtwohill](/wiki/Carrigtwohill_GAA "Carrigtwohill GAA") gave Glen Rovers a walkover in the championship decider.
The Glen continued to dominated Cork hurling once again in 1936\. In spite of having two players sent off, Buckley won a third successive championship medal following a decisive 7–5 to 4–2 defeat of [Sarsfield's](/wiki/Sarsfield%27s_GAA_%28Cork%29 "Sarsfield's GAA (Cork)").{{cite web\|url\=http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/matches/1936final.htm \|archive\-url\=https://archive.today/20130412230427/http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/matches/1936final.htm \|url\-status\=dead \|archive\-date\=12 April 2013 \|title\=1936 County Senior Championship Final \|publisher\=Sarsfield's GAA website \|accessdate\=25 February 2013 }}
Having been granted a walkover by the same opposition two years earlier, Glen Rovers faced Carrigtwohill in the county decider of 1937\. The dominance continued and a 3–5 to 1–0 score line gave Buckley a fourth championship medal.
In 1938 Glen Rovers set out to make history by besting [Blackrock's](/wiki/Blackrock_GAA "Blackrock GAA") twenty\-five\-year\-old championship record. [Midleton](/wiki/Midleton_GAA "Midleton GAA") stood in the way of a fifth successive championship title, however, a comprehensive 5–6 o 1–3 score line secured the victory and gave Buckley his fifth championship. He also collected his first [championship](/wiki/Cork_Senior_Football_Championship "Cork Senior Football Championship") medal in football that year as St. Nick's defeated [Clonakilty](/wiki/Clonakilty_GAA "Clonakilty GAA").
The success continued once again the following year as Glen Rovers faced Blackrock in their first championship decider meeting in almost a decade. A 5–4 to 2–5 win for the Glen gave Buckley a sixth successive championship medal.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.blackrockhurlingclub.com/blackrockhurling.org/1939team.htm \|title\=1939 Blackrock Team \|publisher\=Blackrock GAA website \|accessdate\=25 February 2013 \|url\-status\=dead \|archiveurl\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518113317/http://www.blackrockhurlingclub.com/blackrockhurling.org/1939team.htm \|archivedate\=18 May 2015 \|df\=dmy }}
Sarsfield's stood in the way of Glen Rovers securing a seventh successive championship in 1940\. In one of the most high\-scoring county finals of all\-time, Buckley won his seventh championship medal following a 10–6 to 7–5 defeat of Sars.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/history/40s.htm \|archive\-url\=https://archive.today/20130412225834/http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/history/40s.htm \|url\-status\=dead \|archive\-date\=12 April 2013 \|title\=The 1940s \|publisher\=Sarsfield's GAA website \|accessdate\=25 February 2013 }}
In 1941 Glen Rovers reached an eighth successive decider. In a game that set them apart from all other teams, the Glen continued their stranglehold of club hurling in Cork by claiming the victory following a 4–7 to 2–2 defeat of [Ballincollig](/wiki/Ballincollig_GAA "Ballincollig GAA"). Buckley had the distinction of being the only player to have lined out in all eight victories. He also added a second football championship medal to his collection as [Millstreet](/wiki/Millstreet_GAA "Millstreet GAA") were accounted for in the county final.
Nine\-in\-a\-row proved beyond Glen Rovers and a defeat by Ballincollig in the championship semi\-final brought the curtain down of Buckley's senior club career.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.ballincolliggaa.ie/contentPage/27227/in1942\_ballincollig\_ended\_the\_glen\_rovers9\_year\_county\_run\|title\=Glen dream team knocked out\|publisher\=Ballincollig GAA website\|date\=\|accessdate\=25 February 2013\|first\=\|last\=\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330022646/http://www.ballincolliggaa.ie/contentPage/27227/in1942\_ballincollig\_ended\_the\_glen\_rovers9\_year\_county\_run\|archive\-date\=30 March 2012\|url\-status\=dead}}
|
[
"### Club",
"Buckley played his club hurling with the famous [Glen Rovers](/wiki/Glen_Rovers_GAA \"Glen Rovers GAA\") and enjoyed much success during a golden age for the club.",
"As a [dual player](/wiki/Dual_player \"Dual player\") in the minor grades he won a minor football championship medal with the Glen's sister team, [St. Nick's](/wiki/St._Nicholas%27s_GAA \"St. Nicholas's GAA\"), in 1932\\. The following year Buckley captured a minor hurling championship medal with Glen Rovers, thus beginning a great era of success.",
"By 1934 Buckley had joined the Glen Rovers senior hurling team and he played at midfield as the Glen lined out in only their second ever championship decider. A 3–2 to 0–6 defeat of four\\-in\\-a\\-row hopefuls [St. Finbarr's](/wiki/St._Finbarr%27s_GAA \"St. Finbarr's GAA\") gave Buckley a [Cork Senior Hurling Championship](/wiki/Cork_Senior_Hurling_Championship \"Cork Senior Hurling Championship\") medal.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://glenrovers.ie/contentPage/56137/1934\\_and\\_the\\_glen\\_county\\|title\\=1934 and the Glen County\\|publisher\\=Glen Rovers GAA website\\|accessdate\\=25 February 2013\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|archiveurl\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011143919/http://glenrovers.ie/contentPage/56137/1934\\_and\\_the\\_glen\\_county\\|archivedate\\=11 October 2013\\|df\\=dmy\\-all}} He added a second championship medal to his collection the following year when [Carrigtwohill](/wiki/Carrigtwohill_GAA \"Carrigtwohill GAA\") gave Glen Rovers a walkover in the championship decider.",
"The Glen continued to dominated Cork hurling once again in 1936\\. In spite of having two players sent off, Buckley won a third successive championship medal following a decisive 7–5 to 4–2 defeat of [Sarsfield's](/wiki/Sarsfield%27s_GAA_%28Cork%29 \"Sarsfield's GAA (Cork)\").{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/matches/1936final.htm \\|archive\\-url\\=https://archive.today/20130412230427/http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/matches/1936final.htm \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archive\\-date\\=12 April 2013 \\|title\\=1936 County Senior Championship Final \\|publisher\\=Sarsfield's GAA website \\|accessdate\\=25 February 2013 }}",
"Having been granted a walkover by the same opposition two years earlier, Glen Rovers faced Carrigtwohill in the county decider of 1937\\. The dominance continued and a 3–5 to 1–0 score line gave Buckley a fourth championship medal.",
"In 1938 Glen Rovers set out to make history by besting [Blackrock's](/wiki/Blackrock_GAA \"Blackrock GAA\") twenty\\-five\\-year\\-old championship record. [Midleton](/wiki/Midleton_GAA \"Midleton GAA\") stood in the way of a fifth successive championship title, however, a comprehensive 5–6 o 1–3 score line secured the victory and gave Buckley his fifth championship. He also collected his first [championship](/wiki/Cork_Senior_Football_Championship \"Cork Senior Football Championship\") medal in football that year as St. Nick's defeated [Clonakilty](/wiki/Clonakilty_GAA \"Clonakilty GAA\").",
"The success continued once again the following year as Glen Rovers faced Blackrock in their first championship decider meeting in almost a decade. A 5–4 to 2–5 win for the Glen gave Buckley a sixth successive championship medal.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.blackrockhurlingclub.com/blackrockhurling.org/1939team.htm \\|title\\=1939 Blackrock Team \\|publisher\\=Blackrock GAA website \\|accessdate\\=25 February 2013 \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archiveurl\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518113317/http://www.blackrockhurlingclub.com/blackrockhurling.org/1939team.htm \\|archivedate\\=18 May 2015 \\|df\\=dmy }}",
"Sarsfield's stood in the way of Glen Rovers securing a seventh successive championship in 1940\\. In one of the most high\\-scoring county finals of all\\-time, Buckley won his seventh championship medal following a 10–6 to 7–5 defeat of Sars.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/history/40s.htm \\|archive\\-url\\=https://archive.today/20130412225834/http://www.sarsfields.ie/oldsite/history/40s.htm \\|url\\-status\\=dead \\|archive\\-date\\=12 April 2013 \\|title\\=The 1940s \\|publisher\\=Sarsfield's GAA website \\|accessdate\\=25 February 2013 }}",
"In 1941 Glen Rovers reached an eighth successive decider. In a game that set them apart from all other teams, the Glen continued their stranglehold of club hurling in Cork by claiming the victory following a 4–7 to 2–2 defeat of [Ballincollig](/wiki/Ballincollig_GAA \"Ballincollig GAA\"). Buckley had the distinction of being the only player to have lined out in all eight victories. He also added a second football championship medal to his collection as [Millstreet](/wiki/Millstreet_GAA \"Millstreet GAA\") were accounted for in the county final.",
"Nine\\-in\\-a\\-row proved beyond Glen Rovers and a defeat by Ballincollig in the championship semi\\-final brought the curtain down of Buckley's senior club career.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.ballincolliggaa.ie/contentPage/27227/in1942\\_ballincollig\\_ended\\_the\\_glen\\_rovers9\\_year\\_county\\_run\\|title\\=Glen dream team knocked out\\|publisher\\=Ballincollig GAA website\\|date\\=\\|accessdate\\=25 February 2013\\|first\\=\\|last\\=\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330022646/http://www.ballincolliggaa.ie/contentPage/27227/in1942\\_ballincollig\\_ended\\_the\\_glen\\_rovers9\\_year\\_county\\_run\\|archive\\-date\\=30 March 2012\\|url\\-status\\=dead}}",
""
] |
By region
---------
### Jakarta
[thumb\|alt\=Gathering of the residents of Kampung Tugu in the Rabo\-Rabo tradition\|Gathering of the residents of Kampung Tugu in the Rabo\-Rabo tradition
"10 Tradisi Perayaan Natal Di Indonesia." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Dec. 2022, travel.kompas.com/read/2022/12/18/200800227/10\-tradisi\-perayaan\-natal\-di\-indonesia\-bernyanyi\-keliling\-kampung?page\=all.](/wiki/File:Rabo_rabo.jpg "Rabo rabo.jpg")
In North Jakarta, Indonesians of Portuguese descent live mainly in [Kampung Tugu](/wiki/Kampung_Tugu "Kampung Tugu"). After Christmas [Mass](/wiki/Mass_%28Roman_Rite%29 "Mass (Roman Rite)"), Christians in Kampung Tugu will visit the cemetery next to their local church and start the rabo\-rabo tradition.
The rabo\-rabo tradition consists of playing [Kroncong](/wiki/Kroncong "Kroncong") music and dancing together around the village area. Locals will sing and visit each other's relatives. Relatives who are visited must later join the game until a chain of players forms on the streets. The visits will continue until they arrive at the last house in the area."Jakarta Christians Uphold Portuguese Christmas Tradition." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Dec. 2016, www.ucanews.com/news/jakarta\-christians\-uphold\-portuguese\-christmas\-tradition/77942\.
### Papua
[thumbnail\|Christmas in [Papua](/wiki/Western_New_Guinea "Western New Guinea") is marked with *Barapen* (grilling stone).\|alt\=](/wiki/File:Barapen_Ceremony_Baliem_Valley.jpg "Barapen Ceremony Baliem Valley.jpg")
In the [Papua](/wiki/Papua_%28province%29 "Papua (province)") region, after Christmas Mass, a ritual cooking of pork for feasting is held using a *Barapen* (grilling stone). The pork meat is cooked in between hot stones that are heated using wood. Instead of using matches, Papuan people scrape the wood continuously to produce heat to set it on fire. In order to prepare the *Barapen*, Papuan men dig a hole to put the hot stones in. At the same time, Papuan women prepare vegetables such as [sweet potato](/wiki/Sweet_potato "Sweet potato"), [water spinach](/wiki/Water_spinach "Water spinach"), [fern](/wiki/Fern "Fern"), [cassava](/wiki/Cassava "Cassava"), [spinach](/wiki/Spinach "Spinach"), and [papaya](/wiki/Papaya "Papaya"). Hot stones are stacked on the base of the hole and the pork and vegetables are put into the hole and covered with another layer of hot stones. The pork is cooked in the hole for half a day. The tradition of *Barapen* is an expression of gratitude, togetherness, sharing, and love, characterised by eating pork together.[Sukacita Natal di Nabire](http://m.hidupkatolik.com/index.php/2013/01/07/sukacita-natal-di-nabire) {{Webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216060220/http://m.hidupkatolik.com/index.php/2013/01/07/sukacita\-natal\-di\-nabire \|date\=16 December 2014 }}, HidupKatolik.com – 23 December 2012\. Accessed by 15 December 2014\.
### Ambon
In [Negeri Naku](/wiki/Negeri_Naku "Negeri Naku"), [South Leitimur](/wiki/South_Leitimur "South Leitimur"), [Ambon](/wiki/Ambon%2C_Maluku "Ambon, Maluku"), there is a ceremony called *cuci negeri* (cleaning the nation). This ceremony symbolises the purification and liberation of [sins](/wiki/Sin "Sin") from the local people and their environment. The *cuci negeri* starts with a gathering in the community [function hall](/wiki/Function_hall "Function hall") for each clan to hold their own traditional ritual. From there, the [Ambonese](/wiki/Ambonese "Ambonese") walk to the traditional function hall.They sing and dance to the sounds of the tifa (traditional music instrument). Along the way, the women bring some offerings like [betel](/wiki/Betel "Betel"), [areca nut](/wiki/Areca_nut "Areca nut"), and traditional drink called *sopi*.{{in lang\|id}} [Warga Negeri Naku Gelar Adat Cuci Negeri](http://www.antaramaluku.com/print/10908/warga-negeri-naku-gelar-adat-cuci-negeri) {{Webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216054235/http://www.antaramaluku.com/print/10908/warga\-negeri\-naku\-gelar\-adat\-cuci\-negeri \|date\=16 December 2014 }}, AntaraNews.com. Diakses pada 16 December 2014\. During Christmas eve celebrations in the [Maluku](/wiki/Maluku_%28province%29 "Maluku (province)"), church bells will ring and ships will sound their sirens.
### Yogyakarta
[thumb\|Wayang Kulit Wahyu](/wiki/File:Wayang_Sonobudoyo_6.jpg "Wayang Sonobudoyo 6.jpg")
In the [Yogyakarta](/wiki/Yogyakarta "Yogyakarta") area, Christmas celebrations are marked by a *[wayang kulit](/wiki/Wayang_kulit "Wayang kulit")* adaptation of the [Nativity scene](/wiki/Nativity_scene "Nativity scene"). Church Mass is led by the [priest](/wiki/Priest "Priest") who wears traditional Javanese attire (wearing *beskap* and *blankon*) and speaks in the local language. Similar to [Eid al\-Fitr](/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr "Eid al-Fitr"), during Christmas time, people visit friends and family; children may receive money in an envelope from elders.[Unique Indonesian Traditions for Celebrating Christmas](http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2013/12/25/240540118/Unique-Indonesian-Traditions-for-Celebrating-Christmas), Tempo.co – Rina Atmasari. 25 December 2013\. Diakses pada 15 December 2014\.{{in lang\|id}} [Tradisi Natal di Indonesia](http://kebudayaanindonesia.net/berita/34/tradisi-natal-di-indonesia) {{Webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420185235/http://kebudayaanindonesia.net/berita/34/tradisi\-natal\-di\-indonesia \|date\=20 April 2015 }}, Muna Zakiah: KebudayaanIndonesia.net – 20 December 2013\. Diakses pada 16 December 2014\.
### Manado
The pre\-Christmas celebrations in Manado start from 1 December when the regional government officers go on the "Christmas Safari" and observe the Mass in a different district every day. As part of tradition, some residents of Manado join a [carnival](/wiki/Carnival "Carnival") or visit and clean their families' graves. The series of Christmas celebrations will finish in the first week of January with a festival called *kunci taon*. During this festival, there is a carnival across the region featuring unique costumes.
### Bali
Most Christian villages in [Bali](/wiki/Bali "Bali") are located on the southern side of the island. In those villages, road decorations called *penjor* (made from yellow coconut leaves) are made for Christmas, which symbolise the [Anantaboga](/wiki/Anantaboga "Anantaboga") dragon. The Christmas celebration draws influence from [Balinese Hinduism](/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism "Balinese Hinduism").[Balinese Christians: In Search of Tradition](https://books.google.com/books?id=JaR_vHD8WXsC&dq=christmas+in+bali&pg=PA111), Benito Lopulalan in Bali Today: Modernity by Jean Couteau et al. Page 111\-115\. 2005\. Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia). Diakses pada 16 December 2014\.
In Bali, the Christmas tree is made from chicken feathers. This unique tree has been imported to some European countries.{{in lang\|id}} [Uniknya Pohon Natal dari Bulu Ayam](http://www.ciputraentrepreneurship.com/inovatif/uniknya-pohon-natal-dari-bulu-ayam) {{Webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215145518/http://www.ciputraentrepreneurship.com/inovatif/uniknya\-pohon\-natal\-dari\-bulu\-ayam \|date\=15 December 2014 }}, Ely – Ciputra Entrepreneurship. 19 December 2011\. Diakses pada 15 December 2014\.
### Toraja
[Torajan people](/wiki/Toraja "Toraja") celebrate Christmas by having a cultural festival called *Lovely December*. This festival consists of dancing, a culinary celebration, cultural carnival, bamboo music performance and handicraft exhibition. The festival is ended by fireworks and *Lettoan* procession which is held on 26 December.[Tana Toraja Festival held on Dec. 25 to boost tourism](http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/12/22/tana-toraja-festival-held-dec25-boost-tourism.html) {{Webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216053832/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/12/22/tana\-toraja\-festival\-held\-dec25\-boost\-tourism.html \|date\=16 December 2014 }}, The Jakarta Post. 22 December 2011\. Diakses pada 16 December 2014\. *Lettoan* is a ritual of having pig parade with cultural symbols that represent three dimensions of human life. Those three symbols are:
* *Saritatolamban*, shaped like stairs, which represents a [prayer](/wiki/Prayer "Prayer") and hope for a better life (as the steps which always go up).
* The Sun, which represents the source of life and light.
* *Tabang* flower, which represents success in the Torajan people's life.{{in lang\|id}} ["Lettoan" Meriahkan "Lovely December" Toraja](http://www.antaranews.com/berita/167297/lettoan-meriahkan-lovely-december-toraja), Aditia Maruli. AntaraNews.com – 27 December 2009\. Diakses pada 16 December 2014\.
### North Sumatra
[thumb\|upright\|[Batak](/wiki/Batak "Batak") [Babi panggang](/wiki/Babi_panggang "Babi panggang"), it usually serves as main course in Christmas\|alt\=](/wiki/File:Batak_Cuisine_Saksang_and_Panggang_1.JPG "Batak Cuisine Saksang and Panggang 1.JPG")
For the [Batak](/wiki/Batak "Batak") in North Sumatera, Christmas Day is always followed by sacrificing an animal. The local people will save money for months beforehand and buy this animal together. This tradition is called *marbinda* and shows togetherness and mutual cooperation. The sacrificed animal can be a pig, a buffalo, or an ox, and the meat will be shared to all the people that participate in the purchasing of the animal.{{in lang\|id}} [Rayakan Natal, Masyarakat Batak Juga Sembelih Hewan](http://tourismnews.co.id/category/art-culture/rayakan-natal-masyarakat-batak-juga-sembelih-hewan) {{webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216061806/http://tourismnews.co.id/category/art\-culture/rayakan\-natal\-masyarakat\-batak\-juga\-sembelih\-hewan \|date\=16 December 2014 }}, TourismNews.co.id Diakses pada 16 December 2014\.
|
[
"By region\n---------",
"### Jakarta",
"[thumb\\|alt\\=Gathering of the residents of Kampung Tugu in the Rabo\\-Rabo tradition\\|Gathering of the residents of Kampung Tugu in the Rabo\\-Rabo tradition\n\"10 Tradisi Perayaan Natal Di Indonesia.\" Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Dec. 2022, travel.kompas.com/read/2022/12/18/200800227/10\\-tradisi\\-perayaan\\-natal\\-di\\-indonesia\\-bernyanyi\\-keliling\\-kampung?page\\=all.](/wiki/File:Rabo_rabo.jpg \"Rabo rabo.jpg\")\nIn North Jakarta, Indonesians of Portuguese descent live mainly in [Kampung Tugu](/wiki/Kampung_Tugu \"Kampung Tugu\"). After Christmas [Mass](/wiki/Mass_%28Roman_Rite%29 \"Mass (Roman Rite)\"), Christians in Kampung Tugu will visit the cemetery next to their local church and start the rabo\\-rabo tradition.",
"The rabo\\-rabo tradition consists of playing [Kroncong](/wiki/Kroncong \"Kroncong\") music and dancing together around the village area. Locals will sing and visit each other's relatives. Relatives who are visited must later join the game until a chain of players forms on the streets. The visits will continue until they arrive at the last house in the area.\"Jakarta Christians Uphold Portuguese Christmas Tradition.\" Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Dec. 2016, www.ucanews.com/news/jakarta\\-christians\\-uphold\\-portuguese\\-christmas\\-tradition/77942\\.",
"### Papua",
"[thumbnail\\|Christmas in [Papua](/wiki/Western_New_Guinea \"Western New Guinea\") is marked with *Barapen* (grilling stone).\\|alt\\=](/wiki/File:Barapen_Ceremony_Baliem_Valley.jpg \"Barapen Ceremony Baliem Valley.jpg\")\nIn the [Papua](/wiki/Papua_%28province%29 \"Papua (province)\") region, after Christmas Mass, a ritual cooking of pork for feasting is held using a *Barapen* (grilling stone). The pork meat is cooked in between hot stones that are heated using wood. Instead of using matches, Papuan people scrape the wood continuously to produce heat to set it on fire. In order to prepare the *Barapen*, Papuan men dig a hole to put the hot stones in. At the same time, Papuan women prepare vegetables such as [sweet potato](/wiki/Sweet_potato \"Sweet potato\"), [water spinach](/wiki/Water_spinach \"Water spinach\"), [fern](/wiki/Fern \"Fern\"), [cassava](/wiki/Cassava \"Cassava\"), [spinach](/wiki/Spinach \"Spinach\"), and [papaya](/wiki/Papaya \"Papaya\"). Hot stones are stacked on the base of the hole and the pork and vegetables are put into the hole and covered with another layer of hot stones. The pork is cooked in the hole for half a day. The tradition of *Barapen* is an expression of gratitude, togetherness, sharing, and love, characterised by eating pork together.[Sukacita Natal di Nabire](http://m.hidupkatolik.com/index.php/2013/01/07/sukacita-natal-di-nabire) {{Webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216060220/http://m.hidupkatolik.com/index.php/2013/01/07/sukacita\\-natal\\-di\\-nabire \\|date\\=16 December 2014 }}, HidupKatolik.com – 23 December 2012\\. Accessed by 15 December 2014\\.",
"### Ambon",
"In [Negeri Naku](/wiki/Negeri_Naku \"Negeri Naku\"), [South Leitimur](/wiki/South_Leitimur \"South Leitimur\"), [Ambon](/wiki/Ambon%2C_Maluku \"Ambon, Maluku\"), there is a ceremony called *cuci negeri* (cleaning the nation). This ceremony symbolises the purification and liberation of [sins](/wiki/Sin \"Sin\") from the local people and their environment. The *cuci negeri* starts with a gathering in the community [function hall](/wiki/Function_hall \"Function hall\") for each clan to hold their own traditional ritual. From there, the [Ambonese](/wiki/Ambonese \"Ambonese\") walk to the traditional function hall.They sing and dance to the sounds of the tifa (traditional music instrument). Along the way, the women bring some offerings like [betel](/wiki/Betel \"Betel\"), [areca nut](/wiki/Areca_nut \"Areca nut\"), and traditional drink called *sopi*.{{in lang\\|id}} [Warga Negeri Naku Gelar Adat Cuci Negeri](http://www.antaramaluku.com/print/10908/warga-negeri-naku-gelar-adat-cuci-negeri) {{Webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216054235/http://www.antaramaluku.com/print/10908/warga\\-negeri\\-naku\\-gelar\\-adat\\-cuci\\-negeri \\|date\\=16 December 2014 }}, AntaraNews.com. Diakses pada 16 December 2014\\. During Christmas eve celebrations in the [Maluku](/wiki/Maluku_%28province%29 \"Maluku (province)\"), church bells will ring and ships will sound their sirens.",
"### Yogyakarta",
"[thumb\\|Wayang Kulit Wahyu](/wiki/File:Wayang_Sonobudoyo_6.jpg \"Wayang Sonobudoyo 6.jpg\")\nIn the [Yogyakarta](/wiki/Yogyakarta \"Yogyakarta\") area, Christmas celebrations are marked by a *[wayang kulit](/wiki/Wayang_kulit \"Wayang kulit\")* adaptation of the [Nativity scene](/wiki/Nativity_scene \"Nativity scene\"). Church Mass is led by the [priest](/wiki/Priest \"Priest\") who wears traditional Javanese attire (wearing *beskap* and *blankon*) and speaks in the local language. Similar to [Eid al\\-Fitr](/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr \"Eid al-Fitr\"), during Christmas time, people visit friends and family; children may receive money in an envelope from elders.[Unique Indonesian Traditions for Celebrating Christmas](http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2013/12/25/240540118/Unique-Indonesian-Traditions-for-Celebrating-Christmas), Tempo.co – Rina Atmasari. 25 December 2013\\. Diakses pada 15 December 2014\\.{{in lang\\|id}} [Tradisi Natal di Indonesia](http://kebudayaanindonesia.net/berita/34/tradisi-natal-di-indonesia) {{Webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420185235/http://kebudayaanindonesia.net/berita/34/tradisi\\-natal\\-di\\-indonesia \\|date\\=20 April 2015 }}, Muna Zakiah: KebudayaanIndonesia.net – 20 December 2013\\. Diakses pada 16 December 2014\\.",
"### Manado",
"The pre\\-Christmas celebrations in Manado start from 1 December when the regional government officers go on the \"Christmas Safari\" and observe the Mass in a different district every day. As part of tradition, some residents of Manado join a [carnival](/wiki/Carnival \"Carnival\") or visit and clean their families' graves. The series of Christmas celebrations will finish in the first week of January with a festival called *kunci taon*. During this festival, there is a carnival across the region featuring unique costumes.",
"### Bali",
"Most Christian villages in [Bali](/wiki/Bali \"Bali\") are located on the southern side of the island. In those villages, road decorations called *penjor* (made from yellow coconut leaves) are made for Christmas, which symbolise the [Anantaboga](/wiki/Anantaboga \"Anantaboga\") dragon. The Christmas celebration draws influence from [Balinese Hinduism](/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism \"Balinese Hinduism\").[Balinese Christians: In Search of Tradition](https://books.google.com/books?id=JaR_vHD8WXsC&dq=christmas+in+bali&pg=PA111), Benito Lopulalan in Bali Today: Modernity by Jean Couteau et al. Page 111\\-115\\. 2005\\. Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia). Diakses pada 16 December 2014\\.",
"In Bali, the Christmas tree is made from chicken feathers. This unique tree has been imported to some European countries.{{in lang\\|id}} [Uniknya Pohon Natal dari Bulu Ayam](http://www.ciputraentrepreneurship.com/inovatif/uniknya-pohon-natal-dari-bulu-ayam) {{Webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215145518/http://www.ciputraentrepreneurship.com/inovatif/uniknya\\-pohon\\-natal\\-dari\\-bulu\\-ayam \\|date\\=15 December 2014 }}, Ely – Ciputra Entrepreneurship. 19 December 2011\\. Diakses pada 15 December 2014\\.",
"### Toraja",
"[Torajan people](/wiki/Toraja \"Toraja\") celebrate Christmas by having a cultural festival called *Lovely December*. This festival consists of dancing, a culinary celebration, cultural carnival, bamboo music performance and handicraft exhibition. The festival is ended by fireworks and *Lettoan* procession which is held on 26 December.[Tana Toraja Festival held on Dec. 25 to boost tourism](http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/12/22/tana-toraja-festival-held-dec25-boost-tourism.html) {{Webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216053832/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/12/22/tana\\-toraja\\-festival\\-held\\-dec25\\-boost\\-tourism.html \\|date\\=16 December 2014 }}, The Jakarta Post. 22 December 2011\\. Diakses pada 16 December 2014\\. *Lettoan* is a ritual of having pig parade with cultural symbols that represent three dimensions of human life. Those three symbols are:\n* *Saritatolamban*, shaped like stairs, which represents a [prayer](/wiki/Prayer \"Prayer\") and hope for a better life (as the steps which always go up).\n* The Sun, which represents the source of life and light.\n* *Tabang* flower, which represents success in the Torajan people's life.{{in lang\\|id}} [\"Lettoan\" Meriahkan \"Lovely December\" Toraja](http://www.antaranews.com/berita/167297/lettoan-meriahkan-lovely-december-toraja), Aditia Maruli. AntaraNews.com – 27 December 2009\\. Diakses pada 16 December 2014\\.",
"### North Sumatra",
"[thumb\\|upright\\|[Batak](/wiki/Batak \"Batak\") [Babi panggang](/wiki/Babi_panggang \"Babi panggang\"), it usually serves as main course in Christmas\\|alt\\=](/wiki/File:Batak_Cuisine_Saksang_and_Panggang_1.JPG \"Batak Cuisine Saksang and Panggang 1.JPG\")\nFor the [Batak](/wiki/Batak \"Batak\") in North Sumatera, Christmas Day is always followed by sacrificing an animal. The local people will save money for months beforehand and buy this animal together. This tradition is called *marbinda* and shows togetherness and mutual cooperation. The sacrificed animal can be a pig, a buffalo, or an ox, and the meat will be shared to all the people that participate in the purchasing of the animal.{{in lang\\|id}} [Rayakan Natal, Masyarakat Batak Juga Sembelih Hewan](http://tourismnews.co.id/category/art-culture/rayakan-natal-masyarakat-batak-juga-sembelih-hewan) {{webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216061806/http://tourismnews.co.id/category/art\\-culture/rayakan\\-natal\\-masyarakat\\-batak\\-juga\\-sembelih\\-hewan \\|date\\=16 December 2014 }}, TourismNews.co.id Diakses pada 16 December 2014\\.",
""
] |
Population
----------
The 2000 U.S. census counted 4,866 residents in the half\-square\-mile neighborhood—amounting to 9,642 people per square mile, about an average [population density](/wiki/Population_density "Population density") for the city and the county. In 2008 the city estimated that the population had increased to 5,120\. The median age for residents was 37, older than the city's average.
Carthay was said to be "highly diverse" when compared to the city at large. The ethnic breakdown in 2000 was: 57\.8% [non\-Hispanic white](/wiki/Non-Hispanic_Whites "Non-Hispanic Whites"); 15\.9% [Latino](/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans "Hispanic and Latino Americans"); 12\.8% [Black](/wiki/African_American "African American"); 8\.5% [Asian](/wiki/Asian_American "Asian American"); 5\.1% of other races. [Mexico](/wiki/Mexican_Americans_in_Los_Angeles "Mexican Americans in Los Angeles") (26\.4%) and [Korea](/wiki/Korean_Americans_in_Los_Angeles "Korean Americans in Los Angeles") (8\.2%) were the most common places of birth for the 25\.1% of the residents who were born abroad, a figure that was considered low for the city as a whole.
The median household income in 2008 dollars was $71,398, considered to be a high figure in Los Angeles. The percentage of households earning $125,000 or more was high, compared to the county at large. The average household size of 2\.1 people was low for Los Angeles. Renters occupied 64\.7% of the housing units, and home\- or apartment owners the rest.
In 2000, there were 168 military veterans, 4\.1% of the population, considered a low rate for the county overall, but the percentage of veterans who served during [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II "World War II") or the [Korean War](/wiki/Korean_War "Korean War") was among the county's highest.
Carthay residents aged 25 and older holding a four\-year degree amounted to 53\.2% of the population in 2000, a high rate for both the city and the county.
|
[
"Population\n----------",
"The 2000 U.S. census counted 4,866 residents in the half\\-square\\-mile neighborhood—amounting to 9,642 people per square mile, about an average [population density](/wiki/Population_density \"Population density\") for the city and the county. In 2008 the city estimated that the population had increased to 5,120\\. The median age for residents was 37, older than the city's average.",
"Carthay was said to be \"highly diverse\" when compared to the city at large. The ethnic breakdown in 2000 was: 57\\.8% [non\\-Hispanic white](/wiki/Non-Hispanic_Whites \"Non-Hispanic Whites\"); 15\\.9% [Latino](/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans \"Hispanic and Latino Americans\"); 12\\.8% [Black](/wiki/African_American \"African American\"); 8\\.5% [Asian](/wiki/Asian_American \"Asian American\"); 5\\.1% of other races. [Mexico](/wiki/Mexican_Americans_in_Los_Angeles \"Mexican Americans in Los Angeles\") (26\\.4%) and [Korea](/wiki/Korean_Americans_in_Los_Angeles \"Korean Americans in Los Angeles\") (8\\.2%) were the most common places of birth for the 25\\.1% of the residents who were born abroad, a figure that was considered low for the city as a whole.",
"The median household income in 2008 dollars was $71,398, considered to be a high figure in Los Angeles. The percentage of households earning $125,000 or more was high, compared to the county at large. The average household size of 2\\.1 people was low for Los Angeles. Renters occupied 64\\.7% of the housing units, and home\\- or apartment owners the rest.",
"In 2000, there were 168 military veterans, 4\\.1% of the population, considered a low rate for the county overall, but the percentage of veterans who served during [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\") or the [Korean War](/wiki/Korean_War \"Korean War\") was among the county's highest.",
"Carthay residents aged 25 and older holding a four\\-year degree amounted to 53\\.2% of the population in 2000, a high rate for both the city and the county.",
""
] |
Orientation and phase mapping
-----------------------------
### Pattern indexing
[thumb\|Formation of Kossel cone which intersect with CCD screen to form EBSP which can be [Bravais\-Miller indexed](/wiki/Bravais-Miller_indices "Bravais-Miller indices")\|alt\=Formation of Kossel cone which intersect with CCD screen to form EBSP which can be Bravais\-Miller indexed](/wiki/File:EBSP_Indexing_and_formation.tif "EBSP Indexing and formation.tif")
If the setup geometry is well described, it is possible to relate the bands present in the diffraction pattern to the underlying crystal and [crystallographic orientation](/wiki/Orientation_%28geometry%29 "Orientation (geometry)") of the material within the electron interaction volume. Each band can be indexed individually by the [Miller indices](/wiki/Miller_index "Miller index") of the diffracting plane which formed it. In most materials, only three bands/planes intersect and are required to describe a unique solution to the crystal orientation (based on their interplanar angles). Most commercial systems use look\-up tables with international crystal databases to index. This crystal orientation relates the orientation of each sampled point to a reference crystal orientation.{{Citation \|last1\=El\-Dasher \|first1\=Bassem \|title\=Application of Electron Backscatter Diffraction to Phase Identification \|date\=2009 \|url\=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1012145/ \|work\=Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science \|pages\=81–95 \|editor\-last\=Schwartz \|editor\-first\=Adam J. \|access\-date\=20 March 2023 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325200543/https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1012145/ \|url\-status\=live \|place\=Boston, MA \|publisher\=Springer US \|doi\=10\.1007/978\-0\-387\-88136\-2\_6 \|isbn\=978\-0\-387\-88136\-2 \|archive\-date\=25 March 2023 \|last2\=Deal \|first2\=Andrew \|editor2\-last\=Kumar \|editor2\-first\=Mukul \|editor3\-last\=Adams \|editor3\-first\=Brent L. \|editor4\-last\=Field \|editor4\-first\=David P.}}
Indexing is often the first step in the EBSD process after pattern collection. This allows for the identification of the crystal orientation at the single volume of the sample from where the pattern was collected.{{Cite web \|title\=New technique provides detailed views of metals' crystal structure \|url\=https://news.mit.edu/2016/metals\-crystal\-structure\-0706 \|url\-status\=live \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302142459/https://news.mit.edu/2016/metals\-crystal\-structure\-0706 \|archive\-date\=2023\-03\-02 \|website\=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology\|date\=6 July 2016 }}{{cite book \|url\=https://archive.org/details/electronbackscat00ajsc \|title\=Electron backscatter diffraction in materials science \|date\=2009 \|publisher\=Springer Science\+Business Media \|isbn\=978\-0\-387\-88135\-5 \|edition\=2nd \|page\=\[https://archive.org/details/electronbackscat00ajsc/page/n21 1] \|url\-access\=limited}} With EBSD software, pattern bands are typically detected via a mathematical routine using a modified [Hough transform](/wiki/Hough_transform "Hough transform"), in which every pixel in Hough space denotes a unique line/band in the EBSP. The Hough transform enables band detection, which is difficult to locate by computer in the original EBSP. Once the band locations have been detected, it is possible to relate these locations to the underlying crystal orientation, as angles between bands represent angles between lattice planes. Thus, an orientation solution can be determined when the position/angles between three bands are known. In highly symmetric materials, more than three bands are typically used to obtain and verify the orientation measurement.
The diffraction pattern is pre\-processed to remove noise, correct for detector distortions, and normalise the intensity. Then, the pre\-processed diffraction pattern is compared to a library of reference patterns for the material being studied. The reference patterns are generated based on the material's known crystal structure and the crystal lattice's orientation. The orientation of the crystal lattice that would generate the best match to the measured pattern is determined using a variety of algorithms. There are three leading methods of indexing that are performed by most commercial EBSD software: triplet voting;{{Cite journal \|last1\=Wright \|first1\=Stuart I. \|last2\=Zhao \|first2\=Jun\-Wu \|last3\=Adams \|first3\=Brent L. \|date\=1991 \|title\=Automated Determination of Lattice Orientation From Electron Backscattered Kikuchi Diffraction Patterns \|journal\=Texture, Stress, and Microstructure \|volume\=13 \|issue\=2–3 \|pages\=123–131 \|doi\=10\.1155/TSM.13\.123 \|doi\-access\=free}}{{Cite journal \|last1\=Wright \|first1\=Stuart I. \|last2\=Adams \|first2\=Brent L. \|last3\=Kunze \|first3\=Karsten \|date\=1993\|title\=Application of a new automatic lattice orientation measurement technique to polycrystalline aluminum \|journal\=Materials Science and Engineering: A \|volume\=160 \|issue\=2 \|pages\=229–240 \|doi\=10\.1016/0921\-5093(93\)90452\-K }} minimising the 'fit' between the experimental pattern and a computationally determined orientation,{{Cite journal \|last\=Lassen \|first\=Niels Chr. Krieger \|date\=1992 \|title\=Automatic crystal orientation determination from EBSPs \|journal\=Micron and Microscopica Acta \|volume\=23 \|issue\=1 \|pages\=191–192 \|doi\=10\.1016/0739\-6260(92\)90133\-X }}{{Cite journal \|last1\=Krieger Lassen \|first1\=N.C. \|last2\=Juul Jensen \|first2\=Dorte \|last3\=Condradsen \|first3\=K. \|date\=1994 \|title\=Automatic Recognition of Deformed and Recrystallized Regions in Partly Recrystallized Samples Using Electron Back Scattering Patterns \|journal\=Materials Science Forum \|volume\=157–162 \|pages\=149–158 \|doi\=10\.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.157\-162\.149 \|s2cid\=137129038}} and or/and neighbour pattern averaging and re\-indexing, NPAR{{Cite journal \|last1\=Wright \|first1\=Stuart I. \|last2\=Nowell \|first2\=Matthew M. \|last3\=Lindeman \|first3\=Scott P. \|last4\=Camus \|first4\=Patrick P. \|last5\=De Graef \|first5\=Marc \|last6\=Jackson \|first6\=Michael A. \|date\=2015\|title\=Introduction and comparison of new EBSD post\-processing methodologies \|journal\=Ultramicroscopy \|volume\=159 \|pages\=81–94 \|doi\=10\.1016/j.ultramic.2015\.08\.001 \|pmid\=26342553 \|doi\-access\=free }}). Indexing then give a unique solution to the single crystal orientation that is related to the other crystal orientations within the field\-of\-view.{{cite journal \|last1\=Randle \|first1\=Valerie \|date\= 2009 \|title\=Electron backscatter diffraction: Strategies for reliable data acquisition and processing \|journal\=Materials Characterization \|volume\=60 \|issue\=9 \|pages\=913–922 \|doi\=10\.1016/j.matchar.2009\.05\.011}}{{Cite thesis \|last\=Lassen \|first\=Niels Christian Krieger \|title\=Automated Determination of Crystal Orientations from Electron Backscattering Patterns \|date\=1994 \|degree\=PhD \|publisher\=The Technical University of Denmark \|url\=http://www.ebsd.info/pdf/PhD\_KriegerLassen.pdf \|archive\-date\=2022\-03\-08 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308024650/http://www.ebsd.info/pdf/PhD\_KriegerLassen.pdf \|url\-status\=live}}
Triplet voting involves identifying multiple 'triplets' associated with different solutions to the crystal orientation; each crystal orientation determined from each triplet receives one vote. Should four bands identify the same crystal orientation, then four ([four choose three](/wiki/Combination "Combination"), i.e. C(4,3\)) votes will be cast for that particular solution. Thus the candidate orientation with the highest number of votes will be the most likely solution to the underlying crystal orientation present. The number of votes for the solution chosen compared to the total number of votes describes the confidence in the underlying solution. Care must be taken in interpreting this 'confidence index' as some pseudo\-symmetric orientations may result in low confidence for one candidate solution vs another.{{Cite journal \|journal\=Microscopy and Microanalysis \|doi\=10\.1017/s143192761501096x \|title\=Addressing Pseudo\-Symmetric Misindexing in EBSD Analysis of γ\-TiAl with High Accuracy Band Detection \|year\=2015 \|last1\=Sitzman \|first1\=Scott \|last2\=Schmidt \|first2\=Niels\-Henrik \|last3\=Palomares\-Garcia \|first3\=Alberto \|last4\=Munoz\-Moreno \|first4\=Rocio \|last5\=Goulden \|first5\=Jenny \|volume\=21 \|issue\=S3 \|pages\=2037–2038 \|bibcode\=2015MiMic..21S2037S \|s2cid\=51964340 \|doi\-access\=free }}{{Cite journal \|last1\=Lenthe \|first1\=W. \|last2\=Singh \|first2\=S. \|last3\=De Graef \|first3\=M. \|date\=2019 \|title\=Prediction of potential pseudo\-symmetry issues in the indexing of electron backscatter diffraction patterns \|url\=https://journals.iucr.org/j/issues/2019/05/00/po5152/ \|journal\=Journal of Applied Crystallography \|volume\=52 \|issue\=5 \|pages\=1157–1168 \|doi\=10\.1107/S1600576719011233 \|bibcode\=2019JApCr..52\.1157L \|osti\=1575873 \|s2cid\=204108200 }}{{Citation \|last1\=Dingley \|first1\=David J. \|title\=Phase Identification Through Symmetry Determination in EBSD Patterns \|date\=2009 \|work\=Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science \|pages\=97–107 \|editor\-last\=Schwartz \|editor\-first\=Adam J. \|place\=Boston, MA \|publisher\=Springer US \|doi\=10\.1007/978\-0\-387\-88136\-2\_7 \|isbn\=978\-0\-387\-88136\-2 \|last2\=Wright \|first2\=S.I. \|editor2\-last\=Kumar \|editor2\-first\=Mukul \|editor3\-last\=Adams \|editor3\-first\=Brent L. \|editor4\-last\=Field \|editor4\-first\=David P. }} Minimising the fit involves starting with all possible orientations for a triplet. More bands are included, which reduces the number of candidate orientations. As the number of bands increases, the number of possible orientations converges ultimately to one solution. The 'fit' between the measured orientation and the captured pattern can be determined.
Overall, indexing diffraction patterns in EBSD involves a complex set of algorithms and calculations, but is essential for determining the crystallographic structure and orientation of materials at a high spatial resolution. The indexing process is continually evolving, with new algorithms and techniques being developed to improve the accuracy and speed of the process. Afterwards, a confidence index is calculated to determine the quality of the indexing result. The confidence index is based on the match quality between the measured and reference patterns. In addition, it considers factors such as noise level, detector resolution, and sample quality.
While this geometric description related to the [kinematic solution](/wiki/Electron_diffraction%23Kinematical_diffraction "Electron diffraction#Kinematical diffraction") using the [Bragg condition](/wiki/Bragg_condition "Bragg condition") is very powerful and useful for orientation and [texture](/wiki/Texture_%28crystalline%29 "Texture (crystalline)") analysis, it only describes the geometry of the crystalline lattice. It ignores many physical processes involved within the diffracting material. To adequately describe finer features within the electron beam scattering pattern (EBSP), one must use a many\-beam [dynamical model](/wiki/Electron_diffraction%23Dynamical_diffraction "Electron diffraction#Dynamical diffraction") (e.g. the variation in band intensities in an experimental pattern does not fit the kinematic solution related to the [structure factor](/wiki/Structure_factor "Structure factor")).
### Pattern centre
To relate the orientation of a crystal, much like in [X\-ray diffraction](/wiki/X-ray_diffraction "X-ray diffraction") (XRD), the geometry of the system must be known. In particular, the pattern centre describes the distance of the interaction volume to the detector and the location of the nearest point between the phosphor and the sample, on the phosphor screen. Early work used a single crystal of known orientation being inserted into the SEM chamber, and a particular feature of the EBSP was known to correspond to the pattern centre. Later developments involved exploiting various geometric relationships between the generation of an EBSP and the chamber geometry (shadow casting and phosphor movement).{{Cite journal \|last1\=Britton \|first1\=T. B. \|last2\=Tong \|first2\=V. S. \|last3\=Hickey \|first3\=J. \|last4\=Foden \|first4\=A. \|last5\=Wilkinson \|first5\=A. J. \|date\=2018 \|title\=AstroEBSD: exploring new space in pattern indexing with methods launched from an astronomical approach \|url\=https://journals.iucr.org/j/issues/2018/06/00/nb5225/ \|journal\=Journal of Applied Crystallography \|volume\=51 \|issue\=6 \|pages\=1525–1534 \|doi\=10\.1107/S1600576718010373 \|arxiv\=1804\.02602 \|bibcode\=2018JApCr..51\.1525B \|s2cid\=51687153 }}
Unfortunately, each of these methods is cumbersome and can be prone to some systematic errors for a general operator. Typically they cannot be easily used in modern SEMs with multiple designated uses. Thus, most commercial EBSD systems use the indexing algorithm combined with an iterative movement of crystal orientation and suggested pattern centre location. Minimising the fit between bands located within experimental patterns and those in look\-up tables tends to converge on the pattern centre location to an accuracy of \~0\.5–1% of the pattern width.
The recent development of AstroEBSD{{Cite journal \|last1\=Britton \|first1\=Thomas Benjamin \|last2\=Tong \|first2\=Vivian S. \|last3\=Hickey \|first3\=Jim \|last4\=Foden \|first4\=Alex \|last5\=Wilkinson \|first5\=Angus J. \|date\=2018 \|title\=AstroEBSD : exploring new space in pattern indexing with methods launched from an astronomical approach\|journal\=Journal of Applied Crystallography \|volume\=51 \|issue\=6 \|pages\=1525–1534 \|doi\=10\.1107/S1600576718010373 \|arxiv\=1804\.02602 \|bibcode\=2018JApCr..51\.1525B \|s2cid\=51687153 }} and PCGlobal,{{Cite journal \|last1\=Pang \|first1\=Edward L. \|last2\=Larsen \|first2\=Peter M. \|last3\=Schuh \|first3\=Christopher A. \|date\=2020 \|title\=Global optimization for accurate determination of EBSD pattern centers \|journal\=Ultramicroscopy \|volume\=209 \|pages\=112876 \|doi\=10\.1016/j.ultramic.2019\.112876 \|pmid\=31707232 \|s2cid\=201651309\|arxiv\=1908\.10692 }} open\-source [MATLAB](/wiki/MATLAB "MATLAB") codes, increased the precision of determining the pattern centre (PC) and – consequently – elastic strains{{Cite journal \|last1\=Tanaka \|first1\=Tomohito \|last2\=Wilkinson \|first2\=Angus J. \|date\=2019\-07\-01 \|title\=Pattern matching analysis of electron backscatter diffraction patterns for pattern centre, crystal orientation and absolute elastic strain determination – accuracy and precision assessment \|journal\=Ultramicroscopy\|volume\=202 \|pages\=87–99 \|doi\=10\.1016/j.ultramic.2019\.04\.006 \|pmid\=31005023 \|arxiv\=1904\.06891 \|s2cid\=119294636 }} by using a pattern matching approach{{Cite journal \|last1\=Foden \|first1\=A. \|last2\=Collins \|first2\=D.M. \|last3\=Wilkinson \|first3\=A.J. \|last4\=Britton \|first4\=T.B. \|date\=2019 \|title\=Indexing electron backscatter diffraction patterns with a refined template matching approach \|journal\=Ultramicroscopy \|volume\=207 \|pages\=112845 \|doi\=10\.1016/j.ultramic.2019\.112845 \|pmid\=31586829 \|arxiv\=1807\.11313 \|s2cid\=203307560 }} which simulates the pattern using EMSoft.{{Cite journal \|last1\=Jackson \|first1\=M. A. \|last2\=Pascal \|first2\=E. \|last3\=De Graef \|first3\=M. \|date\=2019 \|title\=Dictionary Indexing of Electron Back\-Scatter Diffraction Patterns: a Hands\-On Tutorial \|journal\=Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation \|volume\=8 \|issue\=2 \|pages\=226–246 \|doi\=10\.1007/s40192\-019\-00137\-4 \|s2cid\=182073071}}
### EBSD mapping
[thumb\|A map of indexed EBSD orientations for a ferrous [martensite](/wiki/Martensite "Martensite") with high\-angle (\>10°) boundaries\|alt\=A. EBSD map of ferrous martensite with high\-angle (\>10°) boundaries hilighted. Colour scheme follows the typic IPF for BCC crystal plotted in Z\-direction](/wiki/File:EBSD_orientation_map_of_ferrous_lath_martensite.jpg "EBSD orientation map of ferrous lath martensite.jpg")
The indexing results are used to generate a map of the crystallographic orientation at each point on the surface being studied. Thus, scanning the electron beam in a prescribed fashion (typically in a square or hexagonal grid, correcting for the image foreshortening due to the sample tilt) results in many rich microstructural maps.{{Cite journal \|last1\=Dingley \|first1\=D. J. \|last2\=Randle \|first2\=V. \|date\=1992 \|title\=Microtexture determination by electron back\-scatter diffraction \|journal\=Journal of Materials Science \|volume\=27 \|issue\=17 \|pages\=4545–4566 \|doi\=10\.1007/BF01165988 \|bibcode\=1992JMatS..27\.4545D \|s2cid\=137281137 }}{{Cite journal \|last\=Adams \|first\=Brent L. \|date\=1997 \|title\=Orientation imaging microscopy: Emerging and future applications\|journal\=Ultramicroscopy \|series\=Frontiers in Electron Microscopy in Materials Science \|volume\=67 \|issue\=1 \|pages\=11–17 \|doi\=10\.1016/S0304\-3991(96\)00103\-9 }} These maps can spatially describe the crystal orientation of the material being interrogated and can be used to examine microtexture and sample morphology. Some maps describe grain orientation, boundary, and diffraction pattern (image) quality. Various statistical tools can measure the average [misorientation](/wiki/Misorientation "Misorientation"), grain size, and crystallographic texture. From this dataset, numerous maps, charts and plots can be generated.{{Cite journal \|last1\=Hielscher \|first1\=Ralf \|last2\=Bartel \|first2\=Felix \|last3\=Britton \|first3\=Thomas Benjamin \|date\= 2019 \|title\=Gazing at crystal balls: Electron backscatter diffraction pattern analysis and cross\-correlation on the sphere \|journal\=Ultramicroscopy \|volume\=207 \|pages\=112836 \|doi\=10\.1016/j.ultramic.2019\.112836 \|pmid\=31539865 \|arxiv\=1810\.03211 \|s2cid\=202711517}}{{Cite journal \|last1\=Hielscher \|first1\=R. \|last2\=Silbermann \|first2\=C. B. \|last3\=Schmidl \|first3\=E. \|last4\=Ihlemann \|first4\=Joern \|date\=2019 \|title\=Denoising of crystal orientation maps \|journal\=Journal of Applied Crystallography \|volume\=52 \|issue\=5 \|pages\=984–996 \|doi\=10\.1107/s1600576719009075 \|bibcode\=2019JApCr..52\..984H \|s2cid\=202068671 }} The orientation data can be visualised using a variety of techniques, including colour\-coding, contour lines, and pole figures.{{cite book \|last1\=Randle \|first1\=Valerie \|title\=Introduction to texture analysis: macrotexture, microtexture and orientation mapping \|last2\=Engler \|first2\=Olaf \|date\=2000 \|publisher\=\[\[CRC Press]] \|isbn\=978\-9056992248 \|edition\=Digital printing 2003 \|location\=Boca Raton}}
Microscope misalignment, image shift, scan distortion that increases with decreasing magnification, roughness and contamination of the specimen surface, boundary indexing failure and detector quality can lead to uncertainties in determining the crystal orientation.{{Cite journal \|last\=Prior \|date\= 1999 \|title\=Problems in determining the misorientation axes, for small angular misorientations, using electron backscatter diffraction in the SEM \|journal\=Journal of Microscopy \|volume\=195 \|issue\=3 \|pages\=217–225 \|doi\=10\.1046/j.1365\-2818\.1999\.00572\.x \|pmid\=10460687 \|s2cid\=10144078}} The EBSD [signal\-to\-noise ratio](/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio "Signal-to-noise ratio") depends on the material and decreases at excessive acquisition speed and beam current, thereby affecting the angular resolution of the measurement.
|
[
"Orientation and phase mapping\n-----------------------------",
"### Pattern indexing",
"[thumb\\|Formation of Kossel cone which intersect with CCD screen to form EBSP which can be [Bravais\\-Miller indexed](/wiki/Bravais-Miller_indices \"Bravais-Miller indices\")\\|alt\\=Formation of Kossel cone which intersect with CCD screen to form EBSP which can be Bravais\\-Miller indexed](/wiki/File:EBSP_Indexing_and_formation.tif \"EBSP Indexing and formation.tif\")\nIf the setup geometry is well described, it is possible to relate the bands present in the diffraction pattern to the underlying crystal and [crystallographic orientation](/wiki/Orientation_%28geometry%29 \"Orientation (geometry)\") of the material within the electron interaction volume. Each band can be indexed individually by the [Miller indices](/wiki/Miller_index \"Miller index\") of the diffracting plane which formed it. In most materials, only three bands/planes intersect and are required to describe a unique solution to the crystal orientation (based on their interplanar angles). Most commercial systems use look\\-up tables with international crystal databases to index. This crystal orientation relates the orientation of each sampled point to a reference crystal orientation.{{Citation \\|last1\\=El\\-Dasher \\|first1\\=Bassem \\|title\\=Application of Electron Backscatter Diffraction to Phase Identification \\|date\\=2009 \\|url\\=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1012145/ \\|work\\=Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science \\|pages\\=81–95 \\|editor\\-last\\=Schwartz \\|editor\\-first\\=Adam J. \\|access\\-date\\=20 March 2023 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325200543/https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1012145/ \\|url\\-status\\=live \\|place\\=Boston, MA \\|publisher\\=Springer US \\|doi\\=10\\.1007/978\\-0\\-387\\-88136\\-2\\_6 \\|isbn\\=978\\-0\\-387\\-88136\\-2 \\|archive\\-date\\=25 March 2023 \\|last2\\=Deal \\|first2\\=Andrew \\|editor2\\-last\\=Kumar \\|editor2\\-first\\=Mukul \\|editor3\\-last\\=Adams \\|editor3\\-first\\=Brent L. \\|editor4\\-last\\=Field \\|editor4\\-first\\=David P.}}",
"Indexing is often the first step in the EBSD process after pattern collection. This allows for the identification of the crystal orientation at the single volume of the sample from where the pattern was collected.{{Cite web \\|title\\=New technique provides detailed views of metals' crystal structure \\|url\\=https://news.mit.edu/2016/metals\\-crystal\\-structure\\-0706 \\|url\\-status\\=live \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302142459/https://news.mit.edu/2016/metals\\-crystal\\-structure\\-0706 \\|archive\\-date\\=2023\\-03\\-02 \\|website\\=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology\\|date\\=6 July 2016 }}{{cite book \\|url\\=https://archive.org/details/electronbackscat00ajsc \\|title\\=Electron backscatter diffraction in materials science \\|date\\=2009 \\|publisher\\=Springer Science\\+Business Media \\|isbn\\=978\\-0\\-387\\-88135\\-5 \\|edition\\=2nd \\|page\\=\\[https://archive.org/details/electronbackscat00ajsc/page/n21 1] \\|url\\-access\\=limited}} With EBSD software, pattern bands are typically detected via a mathematical routine using a modified [Hough transform](/wiki/Hough_transform \"Hough transform\"), in which every pixel in Hough space denotes a unique line/band in the EBSP. The Hough transform enables band detection, which is difficult to locate by computer in the original EBSP. Once the band locations have been detected, it is possible to relate these locations to the underlying crystal orientation, as angles between bands represent angles between lattice planes. Thus, an orientation solution can be determined when the position/angles between three bands are known. In highly symmetric materials, more than three bands are typically used to obtain and verify the orientation measurement.",
"The diffraction pattern is pre\\-processed to remove noise, correct for detector distortions, and normalise the intensity. Then, the pre\\-processed diffraction pattern is compared to a library of reference patterns for the material being studied. The reference patterns are generated based on the material's known crystal structure and the crystal lattice's orientation. The orientation of the crystal lattice that would generate the best match to the measured pattern is determined using a variety of algorithms. There are three leading methods of indexing that are performed by most commercial EBSD software: triplet voting;{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Wright \\|first1\\=Stuart I. \\|last2\\=Zhao \\|first2\\=Jun\\-Wu \\|last3\\=Adams \\|first3\\=Brent L. \\|date\\=1991 \\|title\\=Automated Determination of Lattice Orientation From Electron Backscattered Kikuchi Diffraction Patterns \\|journal\\=Texture, Stress, and Microstructure \\|volume\\=13 \\|issue\\=2–3 \\|pages\\=123–131 \\|doi\\=10\\.1155/TSM.13\\.123 \\|doi\\-access\\=free}}{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Wright \\|first1\\=Stuart I. \\|last2\\=Adams \\|first2\\=Brent L. \\|last3\\=Kunze \\|first3\\=Karsten \\|date\\=1993\\|title\\=Application of a new automatic lattice orientation measurement technique to polycrystalline aluminum \\|journal\\=Materials Science and Engineering: A \\|volume\\=160 \\|issue\\=2 \\|pages\\=229–240 \\|doi\\=10\\.1016/0921\\-5093(93\\)90452\\-K }} minimising the 'fit' between the experimental pattern and a computationally determined orientation,{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Lassen \\|first\\=Niels Chr. Krieger \\|date\\=1992 \\|title\\=Automatic crystal orientation determination from EBSPs \\|journal\\=Micron and Microscopica Acta \\|volume\\=23 \\|issue\\=1 \\|pages\\=191–192 \\|doi\\=10\\.1016/0739\\-6260(92\\)90133\\-X }}{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Krieger Lassen \\|first1\\=N.C. \\|last2\\=Juul Jensen \\|first2\\=Dorte \\|last3\\=Condradsen \\|first3\\=K. \\|date\\=1994 \\|title\\=Automatic Recognition of Deformed and Recrystallized Regions in Partly Recrystallized Samples Using Electron Back Scattering Patterns \\|journal\\=Materials Science Forum \\|volume\\=157–162 \\|pages\\=149–158 \\|doi\\=10\\.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.157\\-162\\.149 \\|s2cid\\=137129038}} and or/and neighbour pattern averaging and re\\-indexing, NPAR{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Wright \\|first1\\=Stuart I. \\|last2\\=Nowell \\|first2\\=Matthew M. \\|last3\\=Lindeman \\|first3\\=Scott P. \\|last4\\=Camus \\|first4\\=Patrick P. \\|last5\\=De Graef \\|first5\\=Marc \\|last6\\=Jackson \\|first6\\=Michael A. \\|date\\=2015\\|title\\=Introduction and comparison of new EBSD post\\-processing methodologies \\|journal\\=Ultramicroscopy \\|volume\\=159 \\|pages\\=81–94 \\|doi\\=10\\.1016/j.ultramic.2015\\.08\\.001 \\|pmid\\=26342553 \\|doi\\-access\\=free }}). Indexing then give a unique solution to the single crystal orientation that is related to the other crystal orientations within the field\\-of\\-view.{{cite journal \\|last1\\=Randle \\|first1\\=Valerie \\|date\\= 2009 \\|title\\=Electron backscatter diffraction: Strategies for reliable data acquisition and processing \\|journal\\=Materials Characterization \\|volume\\=60 \\|issue\\=9 \\|pages\\=913–922 \\|doi\\=10\\.1016/j.matchar.2009\\.05\\.011}}{{Cite thesis \\|last\\=Lassen \\|first\\=Niels Christian Krieger \\|title\\=Automated Determination of Crystal Orientations from Electron Backscattering Patterns \\|date\\=1994 \\|degree\\=PhD \\|publisher\\=The Technical University of Denmark \\|url\\=http://www.ebsd.info/pdf/PhD\\_KriegerLassen.pdf \\|archive\\-date\\=2022\\-03\\-08 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308024650/http://www.ebsd.info/pdf/PhD\\_KriegerLassen.pdf \\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"Triplet voting involves identifying multiple 'triplets' associated with different solutions to the crystal orientation; each crystal orientation determined from each triplet receives one vote. Should four bands identify the same crystal orientation, then four ([four choose three](/wiki/Combination \"Combination\"), i.e. C(4,3\\)) votes will be cast for that particular solution. Thus the candidate orientation with the highest number of votes will be the most likely solution to the underlying crystal orientation present. The number of votes for the solution chosen compared to the total number of votes describes the confidence in the underlying solution. Care must be taken in interpreting this 'confidence index' as some pseudo\\-symmetric orientations may result in low confidence for one candidate solution vs another.{{Cite journal \\|journal\\=Microscopy and Microanalysis \\|doi\\=10\\.1017/s143192761501096x \\|title\\=Addressing Pseudo\\-Symmetric Misindexing in EBSD Analysis of γ\\-TiAl with High Accuracy Band Detection \\|year\\=2015 \\|last1\\=Sitzman \\|first1\\=Scott \\|last2\\=Schmidt \\|first2\\=Niels\\-Henrik \\|last3\\=Palomares\\-Garcia \\|first3\\=Alberto \\|last4\\=Munoz\\-Moreno \\|first4\\=Rocio \\|last5\\=Goulden \\|first5\\=Jenny \\|volume\\=21 \\|issue\\=S3 \\|pages\\=2037–2038 \\|bibcode\\=2015MiMic..21S2037S \\|s2cid\\=51964340 \\|doi\\-access\\=free }}{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Lenthe \\|first1\\=W. \\|last2\\=Singh \\|first2\\=S. \\|last3\\=De Graef \\|first3\\=M. \\|date\\=2019 \\|title\\=Prediction of potential pseudo\\-symmetry issues in the indexing of electron backscatter diffraction patterns \\|url\\=https://journals.iucr.org/j/issues/2019/05/00/po5152/ \\|journal\\=Journal of Applied Crystallography \\|volume\\=52 \\|issue\\=5 \\|pages\\=1157–1168 \\|doi\\=10\\.1107/S1600576719011233 \\|bibcode\\=2019JApCr..52\\.1157L \\|osti\\=1575873 \\|s2cid\\=204108200 }}{{Citation \\|last1\\=Dingley \\|first1\\=David J. \\|title\\=Phase Identification Through Symmetry Determination in EBSD Patterns \\|date\\=2009 \\|work\\=Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science \\|pages\\=97–107 \\|editor\\-last\\=Schwartz \\|editor\\-first\\=Adam J. \\|place\\=Boston, MA \\|publisher\\=Springer US \\|doi\\=10\\.1007/978\\-0\\-387\\-88136\\-2\\_7 \\|isbn\\=978\\-0\\-387\\-88136\\-2 \\|last2\\=Wright \\|first2\\=S.I. \\|editor2\\-last\\=Kumar \\|editor2\\-first\\=Mukul \\|editor3\\-last\\=Adams \\|editor3\\-first\\=Brent L. \\|editor4\\-last\\=Field \\|editor4\\-first\\=David P. }} Minimising the fit involves starting with all possible orientations for a triplet. More bands are included, which reduces the number of candidate orientations. As the number of bands increases, the number of possible orientations converges ultimately to one solution. The 'fit' between the measured orientation and the captured pattern can be determined.",
"Overall, indexing diffraction patterns in EBSD involves a complex set of algorithms and calculations, but is essential for determining the crystallographic structure and orientation of materials at a high spatial resolution. The indexing process is continually evolving, with new algorithms and techniques being developed to improve the accuracy and speed of the process. Afterwards, a confidence index is calculated to determine the quality of the indexing result. The confidence index is based on the match quality between the measured and reference patterns. In addition, it considers factors such as noise level, detector resolution, and sample quality.",
"While this geometric description related to the [kinematic solution](/wiki/Electron_diffraction%23Kinematical_diffraction \"Electron diffraction#Kinematical diffraction\") using the [Bragg condition](/wiki/Bragg_condition \"Bragg condition\") is very powerful and useful for orientation and [texture](/wiki/Texture_%28crystalline%29 \"Texture (crystalline)\") analysis, it only describes the geometry of the crystalline lattice. It ignores many physical processes involved within the diffracting material. To adequately describe finer features within the electron beam scattering pattern (EBSP), one must use a many\\-beam [dynamical model](/wiki/Electron_diffraction%23Dynamical_diffraction \"Electron diffraction#Dynamical diffraction\") (e.g. the variation in band intensities in an experimental pattern does not fit the kinematic solution related to the [structure factor](/wiki/Structure_factor \"Structure factor\")).",
"### Pattern centre",
"To relate the orientation of a crystal, much like in [X\\-ray diffraction](/wiki/X-ray_diffraction \"X-ray diffraction\") (XRD), the geometry of the system must be known. In particular, the pattern centre describes the distance of the interaction volume to the detector and the location of the nearest point between the phosphor and the sample, on the phosphor screen. Early work used a single crystal of known orientation being inserted into the SEM chamber, and a particular feature of the EBSP was known to correspond to the pattern centre. Later developments involved exploiting various geometric relationships between the generation of an EBSP and the chamber geometry (shadow casting and phosphor movement).{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Britton \\|first1\\=T. B. \\|last2\\=Tong \\|first2\\=V. S. \\|last3\\=Hickey \\|first3\\=J. \\|last4\\=Foden \\|first4\\=A. \\|last5\\=Wilkinson \\|first5\\=A. J. \\|date\\=2018 \\|title\\=AstroEBSD: exploring new space in pattern indexing with methods launched from an astronomical approach \\|url\\=https://journals.iucr.org/j/issues/2018/06/00/nb5225/ \\|journal\\=Journal of Applied Crystallography \\|volume\\=51 \\|issue\\=6 \\|pages\\=1525–1534 \\|doi\\=10\\.1107/S1600576718010373 \\|arxiv\\=1804\\.02602 \\|bibcode\\=2018JApCr..51\\.1525B \\|s2cid\\=51687153 }}",
"Unfortunately, each of these methods is cumbersome and can be prone to some systematic errors for a general operator. Typically they cannot be easily used in modern SEMs with multiple designated uses. Thus, most commercial EBSD systems use the indexing algorithm combined with an iterative movement of crystal orientation and suggested pattern centre location. Minimising the fit between bands located within experimental patterns and those in look\\-up tables tends to converge on the pattern centre location to an accuracy of \\~0\\.5–1% of the pattern width.",
"The recent development of AstroEBSD{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Britton \\|first1\\=Thomas Benjamin \\|last2\\=Tong \\|first2\\=Vivian S. \\|last3\\=Hickey \\|first3\\=Jim \\|last4\\=Foden \\|first4\\=Alex \\|last5\\=Wilkinson \\|first5\\=Angus J. \\|date\\=2018 \\|title\\=AstroEBSD : exploring new space in pattern indexing with methods launched from an astronomical approach\\|journal\\=Journal of Applied Crystallography \\|volume\\=51 \\|issue\\=6 \\|pages\\=1525–1534 \\|doi\\=10\\.1107/S1600576718010373 \\|arxiv\\=1804\\.02602 \\|bibcode\\=2018JApCr..51\\.1525B \\|s2cid\\=51687153 }} and PCGlobal,{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Pang \\|first1\\=Edward L. \\|last2\\=Larsen \\|first2\\=Peter M. \\|last3\\=Schuh \\|first3\\=Christopher A. \\|date\\=2020 \\|title\\=Global optimization for accurate determination of EBSD pattern centers \\|journal\\=Ultramicroscopy \\|volume\\=209 \\|pages\\=112876 \\|doi\\=10\\.1016/j.ultramic.2019\\.112876 \\|pmid\\=31707232 \\|s2cid\\=201651309\\|arxiv\\=1908\\.10692 }} open\\-source [MATLAB](/wiki/MATLAB \"MATLAB\") codes, increased the precision of determining the pattern centre (PC) and – consequently – elastic strains{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Tanaka \\|first1\\=Tomohito \\|last2\\=Wilkinson \\|first2\\=Angus J. \\|date\\=2019\\-07\\-01 \\|title\\=Pattern matching analysis of electron backscatter diffraction patterns for pattern centre, crystal orientation and absolute elastic strain determination – accuracy and precision assessment \\|journal\\=Ultramicroscopy\\|volume\\=202 \\|pages\\=87–99 \\|doi\\=10\\.1016/j.ultramic.2019\\.04\\.006 \\|pmid\\=31005023 \\|arxiv\\=1904\\.06891 \\|s2cid\\=119294636 }} by using a pattern matching approach{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Foden \\|first1\\=A. \\|last2\\=Collins \\|first2\\=D.M. \\|last3\\=Wilkinson \\|first3\\=A.J. \\|last4\\=Britton \\|first4\\=T.B. \\|date\\=2019 \\|title\\=Indexing electron backscatter diffraction patterns with a refined template matching approach \\|journal\\=Ultramicroscopy \\|volume\\=207 \\|pages\\=112845 \\|doi\\=10\\.1016/j.ultramic.2019\\.112845 \\|pmid\\=31586829 \\|arxiv\\=1807\\.11313 \\|s2cid\\=203307560 }} which simulates the pattern using EMSoft.{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Jackson \\|first1\\=M. A. \\|last2\\=Pascal \\|first2\\=E. \\|last3\\=De Graef \\|first3\\=M. \\|date\\=2019 \\|title\\=Dictionary Indexing of Electron Back\\-Scatter Diffraction Patterns: a Hands\\-On Tutorial \\|journal\\=Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation \\|volume\\=8 \\|issue\\=2 \\|pages\\=226–246 \\|doi\\=10\\.1007/s40192\\-019\\-00137\\-4 \\|s2cid\\=182073071}}",
"### EBSD mapping",
"[thumb\\|A map of indexed EBSD orientations for a ferrous [martensite](/wiki/Martensite \"Martensite\") with high\\-angle (\\>10°) boundaries\\|alt\\=A. EBSD map of ferrous martensite with high\\-angle (\\>10°) boundaries hilighted. Colour scheme follows the typic IPF for BCC crystal plotted in Z\\-direction](/wiki/File:EBSD_orientation_map_of_ferrous_lath_martensite.jpg \"EBSD orientation map of ferrous lath martensite.jpg\")\nThe indexing results are used to generate a map of the crystallographic orientation at each point on the surface being studied. Thus, scanning the electron beam in a prescribed fashion (typically in a square or hexagonal grid, correcting for the image foreshortening due to the sample tilt) results in many rich microstructural maps.{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Dingley \\|first1\\=D. J. \\|last2\\=Randle \\|first2\\=V. \\|date\\=1992 \\|title\\=Microtexture determination by electron back\\-scatter diffraction \\|journal\\=Journal of Materials Science \\|volume\\=27 \\|issue\\=17 \\|pages\\=4545–4566 \\|doi\\=10\\.1007/BF01165988 \\|bibcode\\=1992JMatS..27\\.4545D \\|s2cid\\=137281137 }}{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Adams \\|first\\=Brent L. \\|date\\=1997 \\|title\\=Orientation imaging microscopy: Emerging and future applications\\|journal\\=Ultramicroscopy \\|series\\=Frontiers in Electron Microscopy in Materials Science \\|volume\\=67 \\|issue\\=1 \\|pages\\=11–17 \\|doi\\=10\\.1016/S0304\\-3991(96\\)00103\\-9 }} These maps can spatially describe the crystal orientation of the material being interrogated and can be used to examine microtexture and sample morphology. Some maps describe grain orientation, boundary, and diffraction pattern (image) quality. Various statistical tools can measure the average [misorientation](/wiki/Misorientation \"Misorientation\"), grain size, and crystallographic texture. From this dataset, numerous maps, charts and plots can be generated.{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Hielscher \\|first1\\=Ralf \\|last2\\=Bartel \\|first2\\=Felix \\|last3\\=Britton \\|first3\\=Thomas Benjamin \\|date\\= 2019 \\|title\\=Gazing at crystal balls: Electron backscatter diffraction pattern analysis and cross\\-correlation on the sphere \\|journal\\=Ultramicroscopy \\|volume\\=207 \\|pages\\=112836 \\|doi\\=10\\.1016/j.ultramic.2019\\.112836 \\|pmid\\=31539865 \\|arxiv\\=1810\\.03211 \\|s2cid\\=202711517}}{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Hielscher \\|first1\\=R. \\|last2\\=Silbermann \\|first2\\=C. B. \\|last3\\=Schmidl \\|first3\\=E. \\|last4\\=Ihlemann \\|first4\\=Joern \\|date\\=2019 \\|title\\=Denoising of crystal orientation maps \\|journal\\=Journal of Applied Crystallography \\|volume\\=52 \\|issue\\=5 \\|pages\\=984–996 \\|doi\\=10\\.1107/s1600576719009075 \\|bibcode\\=2019JApCr..52\\..984H \\|s2cid\\=202068671 }} The orientation data can be visualised using a variety of techniques, including colour\\-coding, contour lines, and pole figures.{{cite book \\|last1\\=Randle \\|first1\\=Valerie \\|title\\=Introduction to texture analysis: macrotexture, microtexture and orientation mapping \\|last2\\=Engler \\|first2\\=Olaf \\|date\\=2000 \\|publisher\\=\\[\\[CRC Press]] \\|isbn\\=978\\-9056992248 \\|edition\\=Digital printing 2003 \\|location\\=Boca Raton}}",
"Microscope misalignment, image shift, scan distortion that increases with decreasing magnification, roughness and contamination of the specimen surface, boundary indexing failure and detector quality can lead to uncertainties in determining the crystal orientation.{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Prior \\|date\\= 1999 \\|title\\=Problems in determining the misorientation axes, for small angular misorientations, using electron backscatter diffraction in the SEM \\|journal\\=Journal of Microscopy \\|volume\\=195 \\|issue\\=3 \\|pages\\=217–225 \\|doi\\=10\\.1046/j.1365\\-2818\\.1999\\.00572\\.x \\|pmid\\=10460687 \\|s2cid\\=10144078}} The EBSD [signal\\-to\\-noise ratio](/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio \"Signal-to-noise ratio\") depends on the material and decreases at excessive acquisition speed and beam current, thereby affecting the angular resolution of the measurement.",
""
] |
### High\-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR\-EBSD)
[thumb\|Schematic shifting between a reference and deformed crystals in the EBSP pattern projected on the phosphor screen{{Cite thesis \|title\=In situ full\-field characterisation of strain concentrations (deformation twins, slip bands and cracks) \|url\=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f2ba08f3\-4a27\-4619\-92ed\-bcd3834dadf0 \|publisher\=University of Oxford \|date\=2022 \|degree\=PhD \|first\=A. Mohamed \|last\=Koko \|archive\-date\=2023\-02\-01 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201163423/https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f2ba08f3\-4a27\-4619\-92ed\-bcd3834dadf0 \|url\-status\=live}}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice\|cc\=by4\|from this source\=yes}}\|alt\=Schematic shifting between a reference and deformed crystals in the EBSP pattern projected on the phosphor screen](/wiki/File:HR-EBSD_schematic.tif "HR-EBSD schematic.tif")
Cross\-correlation\-based, high angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR\-EBSD) – introduced by Wilkinson *et al.*{{Cite journal \|last1\=Wilkinson \|first1\=A. J. \|last2\=Meaden \|first2\=G. \|last3\=Dingley \|first3\=D. J. \|date\=2006\-11\-01 \|title\=High resolution mapping of strains and rotations using electron backscatter diffraction \|journal\=Materials Science and Technology \|volume\=22 \|issue\=11 \|pages\=1271–1278 \|doi\=10\.1179/174328406X130966 \|bibcode\=2006MatST..22\.1271W \|s2cid\=135875163 \|url\=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d9bf9a52\-8ec7\-45b5\-a099\-a89e9dc83d18 \|access\-date\=20 March 2023 \|archive\-date\=25 March 2023 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325200554/https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d9bf9a52\-8ec7\-45b5\-a099\-a89e9dc83d18 \|url\-status\=live }}{{Cite journal \|last1\=Wilkinson \|first1\=Angus J. \|last2\=Meaden \|first2\=Graham \|last3\=Dingley \|first3\=David J. \|date\=2006 \|title\=High\-resolution elastic strain measurement from electron backscatter diffraction patterns: New levels of sensitivity \|journal\=Ultramicroscopy \|volume\=106 \|issue\=4 \|pages\=307–313 \|doi\=10\.1016/j.ultramic.2005\.10\.001 \|pmid\=16324788 }} – is an SEM\-based technique to map relative elastic strains and rotations, and estimate the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density in crystalline materials. HR\-EBSD method uses image [cross\-correlation](/wiki/Cross-correlation "Cross-correlation") to measure pattern shifts between regions of interest (ROI) in different electron backscatter diffraction patterns (EBSPs) with sub\-pixel precision. As a result, the relative lattice distortion between two points in a crystal can be calculated using pattern shifts from at least four non\-[collinear](/wiki/Collinearity "Collinearity") ROI. In practice, pattern shifts are measured in more than 20 ROI per EBSP to find a best\-fit solution to the [deformation gradient](/wiki/Deformation_gradient "Deformation gradient") tensor, representing the relative [lattice distortion](/wiki/Infinitesimal_strain_theory "Infinitesimal strain theory").{{NoteTag\|Strain, distortion, and deformation can refer to several quantities in different fields. Here they are used as follows. A mechanically loaded object changes shape in response to applied load; when measured in a mechanical test frame, it is called (total) \[\[engineering strain]]. \[\[Plastic strain]] is the shape change that persists after removing the macroscopic load. On the microscale, \[\[plastic deformation]] in most crystalline materials is accommodated by \[\[dislocation]] glide and \[\[deformation twinning]]. However, dislocations are also generated in a material as plastic deformation progresses, and dislocations with similar crystallographic character and sign that end up near each other in a material (e.g., lined up at a slip band) can be characterised as GNDs. Increasing plastic strain in a polycrystal also elastically distorts the crystal lattice to accommodate crystal defects (e.g., dislocation cores), groups of defects (e.g., dislocation cell walls), and maintains compatibility at polycrystal \[\[grain boundaries]]. This lattice distortion can be expressed as a \[\[deformation gradient tensor]], which can be decomposed into elastic strain (symmetric) and lattice rotation (antisymmetric) components.{{Cite book \|last1\=Barabash \|first1\=Rozaliya \|last2\=Ice \|first2\=Gene \|date\=2013\|title\=Strain and Dislocation Gradients from Diffraction \|doi\=10\.1142/p897 \|isbn\=978\-1\-908979\-62\-9 }} In this article 'lattice distortion' refers to elastic distortion components derived from the deformation gradient, elastic strain, and lattice rotation tensors.}}{{Cite journal \|last1\=Britton \|first1\=T. B. \|last2\=Wilkinson \|first2\=A. J. \|date\=2012 \|title\=High resolution electron backscatter diffraction measurements of elastic strain variations in the presence of larger lattice rotations \|journal\=Ultramicroscopy \|volume\=114 \|pages\=82–95 \|doi\=10\.1016/j.ultramic.2012\.01\.004 \|pmid\=22366635 }}
The displacement gradient tensor (\\beta) (or local lattice distortion) relates the measured geometrical shifts in the pattern between the collected point (\\widehat{p}) and associate (non\-coplanar) vector (\\widehat{r}), and reference point (p) pattern and associate vector (r). Thus, the (pattern shift) vector (q) can be written as in the equations below, where x\_{i} and u\_{i} are the direction and displacement in ith direction, respectively.
q\=\\beta r\-(\\beta r.\\widehat{r})\\widehat{r}
\\beta\=\\begin{pmatrix} {\\partial u\_1 \\over x\_1} \& {\\partial u\_1 \\over x\_2} \&{\\partial u\_1 \\over x\_3} \\\\{\\partial u\_2 \\over x\_1} \& {\\partial u\_2 \\over x\_2} \&{\\partial u\_2 \\over x\_3} \\\\{\\partial u\_3 \\over x\_1} \& {\\partial u\_3 \\over x\_2} \&{\\partial u\_3 \\over x\_3} \\end{pmatrix}, \\qquad r\=\\begin{pmatrix} {r\_1} \\\\{r\_2} \\\\{r\_3} \\\\\\end{pmatrix}
The shifts are measured in the phosphor (detector) plane (\\beta\_3 r\_3\=0), and the relationship is simplified; thus, eight out of the nine displacement gradient tensor components can be calculated by measuring the shift at four distinct, widely spaced regions on the EBSP.{{Citation \|last1\=Wilkinson \|first1\=Angus J. \|title\=Strain Mapping Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction \|date\=2009 \|work\=Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science \|pages\=231–249 \|editor\-last\=Schwartz \|editor\-first\=Adam J. \|place\=Boston, MA \|publisher\=Springer US \|doi\=10\.1007/978\-0\-387\-88136\-2\_17 \|isbn\=978\-0\-387\-88136\-2 \|last2\=Dingley \|first2\=David J. \|last3\=Meaden \|first3\=Graham \|editor2\-last\=Kumar \|editor2\-first\=Mukul \|editor3\-last\=Adams \|editor3\-first\=Brent L. \|editor4\-last\=Field \|editor4\-first\=David P. }} This shift is then corrected to the sample frame (flipped around Y\-axis) because EBSP is recorded on the phosphor screen and is inverted as in a mirror. They are then corrected around the X\-axis by 24° (i.e., 20° sample tilt plus ≈4° camera tilt and assuming no angular effect from the beam movement). Using infinitesimal strain theory, the deformation gradient is then split into elastic strain (symmetric part, where ij\=ji), e\_{ij}and lattice rotations (asymmetric part, where ii\=jj\=0), \\omega\_{ij}.
e\_{ij}\={1\\over{2}}(\\beta\_{ij}\+\\beta^{r}\_{ij}), \\qquad \\omega\_{ij}\={1\\over{2}}(\\beta\_{ij}\-\\beta^{r}\_{ij})
These measurements do not provide information about the volumetric/hydrostatic strain tensors. By imposing a boundary condition that the stress normal to the surface (\\sigma\_{33}) is zero (i.e., traction\-free surface{{Cite journal \|last1\=Hardin \|first1\=T.J. \|last2\=Ruggles \|first2\=T.J. \|last3\=Koch \|first3\=D.P. \|last4\=Niezgoda \|first4\=S.R. \|last5\=Fullwood \|first5\=D.T. \|last6\=Homer \|first6\=E.R. \|date\= 2015 \|title\=Analysis of traction\-free assumption in high\-resolution EBSD measurements: HR\-EBSD TRACTION\-FREE ASSUMPTION \|journal\=Journal of Microscopy \|volume\=260 \|issue\=1 \|pages\=73–85 \|doi\=10\.1111/jmi.12268 \|pmid\=26138919 \|s2cid\=25692536 }}), and using Hooke's law with anisotropic elastic stiffness constants, the missing ninth degree of freedom can be estimated in this constrained minimisation problem by using a nonlinear solver.
\\sigma\_{33}\=C\_{33kl}e\_{kl}\=0
Where C is the crystal anisotropic stiffness tensor. These two equations are solved to re\-calculate the refined elastic deviatoric strain (\\varepsilon\_{kl}), including the missing ninth (spherical) strain tensor. An alternative approach that considers the full \\beta can be found in.
e\_{ij}\=\\begin{pmatrix} {e\_{11}} \\\\{e\_{22}} \\\\{e\_{33}}\\\\{e\_{12}\+e\_{21}}\\\\{e\_{13}\+e\_{31}}\\\\{e\_{23}\+e\_{32}} \\\\\\end{pmatrix}, \\qquad \\begin{pmatrix} {k\_{1}} \\\\{k\_{2}} \\\\{k\_{3}} \\\\\\end{pmatrix}\=\\begin{pmatrix} {e\_{11}\-e\_{33}} \\\\{e\_{22}\-e\_{33}} \\\\{e\_{12}C\_{3312}\+e\_{13}C\_{3313}\+e\_{23}C\_{3323}} \\\\\\end{pmatrix}
\\varepsilon\_{33}\={k\_1C\_{1133}\+k\_2C{2233}\+k\_3\\over C\_{1133}\+C\_{2233}\+C\_{3333}},\\qquad \\therefore\\varepsilon\_{kl}\=\\begin{pmatrix} {k\_1\+\\varepsilon\_{33}} \\\\{k\_2\+\\varepsilon\_{33}} \\\\{\\varepsilon\_{33}}\\\\{2e\_{12}}\\\\{2e\_{13}}\\\\{2e\_{23}} \\\\\\end{pmatrix}
Finally, the stress and strain tensors are linked using the crystal anisotropic stiffness tensor (C\_{klij}), and by using the [Einstein summation](/wiki/Einstein_summation "Einstein summation") convention with symmetry of stress tensors (\\sigma\_{ij}\=\\sigma\_{ji}).
\\sigma\_{ij}\=C\_{ijkl}\\varepsilon\_{kl}
The quality of the produced data can be assessed by taking the geometric mean of all the ROI's correlation intensity/peaks. A value lower than 0\.25 should indicate problems with the EBSPs' quality. Furthermore, the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density can be estimated from the HR\-EBSD measured lattice rotations by relating the rotation axis and angle between neighbour map points to the dislocation types and densities in a material using Nye's tensor.{{Cite journal \|last1\=Wilkinson \|first1\=Angus J. \|last2\=Randman \|first2\=David \|date\=2010 \|title\=Determination of elastic strain fields and geometrically necessary dislocation distributions near nanoindents using electron back scatter diffraction \|journal\=Philosophical Magazine \|volume\=90 \|issue\=9 \|pages\=1159–1177 \|bibcode\=2010PMag...90\.1159W \|doi\=10\.1080/14786430903304145 \|s2cid\=121903030 \|url\=https://hal.science/hal\-00581027/file/PEER\_stage2\_10\.1080%252F14786430903304145\.pdf \|access\-date\=20 March 2023 \|archive\-date\=3 March 2023 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303205320/https://hal.science/hal\-00581027/file/PEER\_stage2\_10\.1080%252F14786430903304145\.pdf \|url\-status\=live }}{{Cite journal \|last\=Pantleon \|first\=W. \|date\=2008\-06\-01 \|title\=Resolving the geometrically necessary dislocation content by conventional electron backscattering diffraction \|journal\=Scripta Materialia \|volume\=58 \|issue\=11 \|pages\=994–997 \|doi\=10\.1016/j.scriptamat.2008\.01\.050 }}{{Citation \|last1\=Brewer \|first1\=Luke N. \|title\=Mapping and Assessing Plastic Deformation Using EBSD \|date\=2009 \|work\=Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science \|pages\=251–262 \|editor\-last\=Schwartz \|editor\-first\=Adam J. \|place\=Boston, MA \|publisher\=Springer US \|doi\=10\.1007/978\-0\-387\-88136\-2\_18 \|isbn\=978\-0\-387\-88136\-2 \|last2\=Field \|first2\=David P. \|last3\=Merriman \|first3\=Colin C. \|editor2\-last\=Kumar \|editor2\-first\=Mukul \|editor3\-last\=Adams \|editor3\-first\=Brent L. \|editor4\-last\=Field \|editor4\-first\=David P. }}
|
[
"### High\\-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR\\-EBSD)",
"[thumb\\|Schematic shifting between a reference and deformed crystals in the EBSP pattern projected on the phosphor screen{{Cite thesis \\|title\\=In situ full\\-field characterisation of strain concentrations (deformation twins, slip bands and cracks) \\|url\\=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f2ba08f3\\-4a27\\-4619\\-92ed\\-bcd3834dadf0 \\|publisher\\=University of Oxford \\|date\\=2022 \\|degree\\=PhD \\|first\\=A. Mohamed \\|last\\=Koko \\|archive\\-date\\=2023\\-02\\-01 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201163423/https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f2ba08f3\\-4a27\\-4619\\-92ed\\-bcd3834dadf0 \\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice\\|cc\\=by4\\|from this source\\=yes}}\\|alt\\=Schematic shifting between a reference and deformed crystals in the EBSP pattern projected on the phosphor screen](/wiki/File:HR-EBSD_schematic.tif \"HR-EBSD schematic.tif\")\nCross\\-correlation\\-based, high angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR\\-EBSD) – introduced by Wilkinson *et al.*{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Wilkinson \\|first1\\=A. J. \\|last2\\=Meaden \\|first2\\=G. \\|last3\\=Dingley \\|first3\\=D. J. \\|date\\=2006\\-11\\-01 \\|title\\=High resolution mapping of strains and rotations using electron backscatter diffraction \\|journal\\=Materials Science and Technology \\|volume\\=22 \\|issue\\=11 \\|pages\\=1271–1278 \\|doi\\=10\\.1179/174328406X130966 \\|bibcode\\=2006MatST..22\\.1271W \\|s2cid\\=135875163 \\|url\\=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d9bf9a52\\-8ec7\\-45b5\\-a099\\-a89e9dc83d18 \\|access\\-date\\=20 March 2023 \\|archive\\-date\\=25 March 2023 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325200554/https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d9bf9a52\\-8ec7\\-45b5\\-a099\\-a89e9dc83d18 \\|url\\-status\\=live }}{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Wilkinson \\|first1\\=Angus J. \\|last2\\=Meaden \\|first2\\=Graham \\|last3\\=Dingley \\|first3\\=David J. \\|date\\=2006 \\|title\\=High\\-resolution elastic strain measurement from electron backscatter diffraction patterns: New levels of sensitivity \\|journal\\=Ultramicroscopy \\|volume\\=106 \\|issue\\=4 \\|pages\\=307–313 \\|doi\\=10\\.1016/j.ultramic.2005\\.10\\.001 \\|pmid\\=16324788 }} – is an SEM\\-based technique to map relative elastic strains and rotations, and estimate the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density in crystalline materials. HR\\-EBSD method uses image [cross\\-correlation](/wiki/Cross-correlation \"Cross-correlation\") to measure pattern shifts between regions of interest (ROI) in different electron backscatter diffraction patterns (EBSPs) with sub\\-pixel precision. As a result, the relative lattice distortion between two points in a crystal can be calculated using pattern shifts from at least four non\\-[collinear](/wiki/Collinearity \"Collinearity\") ROI. In practice, pattern shifts are measured in more than 20 ROI per EBSP to find a best\\-fit solution to the [deformation gradient](/wiki/Deformation_gradient \"Deformation gradient\") tensor, representing the relative [lattice distortion](/wiki/Infinitesimal_strain_theory \"Infinitesimal strain theory\").{{NoteTag\\|Strain, distortion, and deformation can refer to several quantities in different fields. Here they are used as follows. A mechanically loaded object changes shape in response to applied load; when measured in a mechanical test frame, it is called (total) \\[\\[engineering strain]]. \\[\\[Plastic strain]] is the shape change that persists after removing the macroscopic load. On the microscale, \\[\\[plastic deformation]] in most crystalline materials is accommodated by \\[\\[dislocation]] glide and \\[\\[deformation twinning]]. However, dislocations are also generated in a material as plastic deformation progresses, and dislocations with similar crystallographic character and sign that end up near each other in a material (e.g., lined up at a slip band) can be characterised as GNDs. Increasing plastic strain in a polycrystal also elastically distorts the crystal lattice to accommodate crystal defects (e.g., dislocation cores), groups of defects (e.g., dislocation cell walls), and maintains compatibility at polycrystal \\[\\[grain boundaries]]. This lattice distortion can be expressed as a \\[\\[deformation gradient tensor]], which can be decomposed into elastic strain (symmetric) and lattice rotation (antisymmetric) components.{{Cite book \\|last1\\=Barabash \\|first1\\=Rozaliya \\|last2\\=Ice \\|first2\\=Gene \\|date\\=2013\\|title\\=Strain and Dislocation Gradients from Diffraction \\|doi\\=10\\.1142/p897 \\|isbn\\=978\\-1\\-908979\\-62\\-9 }} In this article 'lattice distortion' refers to elastic distortion components derived from the deformation gradient, elastic strain, and lattice rotation tensors.}}{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Britton \\|first1\\=T. B. \\|last2\\=Wilkinson \\|first2\\=A. J. \\|date\\=2012 \\|title\\=High resolution electron backscatter diffraction measurements of elastic strain variations in the presence of larger lattice rotations \\|journal\\=Ultramicroscopy \\|volume\\=114 \\|pages\\=82–95 \\|doi\\=10\\.1016/j.ultramic.2012\\.01\\.004 \\|pmid\\=22366635 }}",
"The displacement gradient tensor (\\\\beta) (or local lattice distortion) relates the measured geometrical shifts in the pattern between the collected point (\\\\widehat{p}) and associate (non\\-coplanar) vector (\\\\widehat{r}), and reference point (p) pattern and associate vector (r). Thus, the (pattern shift) vector (q) can be written as in the equations below, where x\\_{i} and u\\_{i} are the direction and displacement in ith direction, respectively.",
"q\\=\\\\beta r\\-(\\\\beta r.\\\\widehat{r})\\\\widehat{r}",
"\\\\beta\\=\\\\begin{pmatrix} {\\\\partial u\\_1 \\\\over x\\_1} \\& {\\\\partial u\\_1 \\\\over x\\_2} \\&{\\\\partial u\\_1 \\\\over x\\_3} \\\\\\\\{\\\\partial u\\_2 \\\\over x\\_1} \\& {\\\\partial u\\_2 \\\\over x\\_2} \\&{\\\\partial u\\_2 \\\\over x\\_3} \\\\\\\\{\\\\partial u\\_3 \\\\over x\\_1} \\& {\\\\partial u\\_3 \\\\over x\\_2} \\&{\\\\partial u\\_3 \\\\over x\\_3} \\\\end{pmatrix}, \\\\qquad r\\=\\\\begin{pmatrix} {r\\_1} \\\\\\\\{r\\_2} \\\\\\\\{r\\_3} \\\\\\\\\\\\end{pmatrix}",
"The shifts are measured in the phosphor (detector) plane (\\\\beta\\_3 r\\_3\\=0), and the relationship is simplified; thus, eight out of the nine displacement gradient tensor components can be calculated by measuring the shift at four distinct, widely spaced regions on the EBSP.{{Citation \\|last1\\=Wilkinson \\|first1\\=Angus J. \\|title\\=Strain Mapping Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction \\|date\\=2009 \\|work\\=Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science \\|pages\\=231–249 \\|editor\\-last\\=Schwartz \\|editor\\-first\\=Adam J. \\|place\\=Boston, MA \\|publisher\\=Springer US \\|doi\\=10\\.1007/978\\-0\\-387\\-88136\\-2\\_17 \\|isbn\\=978\\-0\\-387\\-88136\\-2 \\|last2\\=Dingley \\|first2\\=David J. \\|last3\\=Meaden \\|first3\\=Graham \\|editor2\\-last\\=Kumar \\|editor2\\-first\\=Mukul \\|editor3\\-last\\=Adams \\|editor3\\-first\\=Brent L. \\|editor4\\-last\\=Field \\|editor4\\-first\\=David P. }} This shift is then corrected to the sample frame (flipped around Y\\-axis) because EBSP is recorded on the phosphor screen and is inverted as in a mirror. They are then corrected around the X\\-axis by 24° (i.e., 20° sample tilt plus ≈4° camera tilt and assuming no angular effect from the beam movement). Using infinitesimal strain theory, the deformation gradient is then split into elastic strain (symmetric part, where ij\\=ji), e\\_{ij}and lattice rotations (asymmetric part, where ii\\=jj\\=0), \\\\omega\\_{ij}.",
"e\\_{ij}\\={1\\\\over{2}}(\\\\beta\\_{ij}\\+\\\\beta^{r}\\_{ij}), \\\\qquad \\\\omega\\_{ij}\\={1\\\\over{2}}(\\\\beta\\_{ij}\\-\\\\beta^{r}\\_{ij})",
"These measurements do not provide information about the volumetric/hydrostatic strain tensors. By imposing a boundary condition that the stress normal to the surface (\\\\sigma\\_{33}) is zero (i.e., traction\\-free surface{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Hardin \\|first1\\=T.J. \\|last2\\=Ruggles \\|first2\\=T.J. \\|last3\\=Koch \\|first3\\=D.P. \\|last4\\=Niezgoda \\|first4\\=S.R. \\|last5\\=Fullwood \\|first5\\=D.T. \\|last6\\=Homer \\|first6\\=E.R. \\|date\\= 2015 \\|title\\=Analysis of traction\\-free assumption in high\\-resolution EBSD measurements: HR\\-EBSD TRACTION\\-FREE ASSUMPTION \\|journal\\=Journal of Microscopy \\|volume\\=260 \\|issue\\=1 \\|pages\\=73–85 \\|doi\\=10\\.1111/jmi.12268 \\|pmid\\=26138919 \\|s2cid\\=25692536 }}), and using Hooke's law with anisotropic elastic stiffness constants, the missing ninth degree of freedom can be estimated in this constrained minimisation problem by using a nonlinear solver.",
"\\\\sigma\\_{33}\\=C\\_{33kl}e\\_{kl}\\=0",
"Where C is the crystal anisotropic stiffness tensor. These two equations are solved to re\\-calculate the refined elastic deviatoric strain (\\\\varepsilon\\_{kl}), including the missing ninth (spherical) strain tensor. An alternative approach that considers the full \\\\beta can be found in.",
"e\\_{ij}\\=\\\\begin{pmatrix} {e\\_{11}} \\\\\\\\{e\\_{22}} \\\\\\\\{e\\_{33}}\\\\\\\\{e\\_{12}\\+e\\_{21}}\\\\\\\\{e\\_{13}\\+e\\_{31}}\\\\\\\\{e\\_{23}\\+e\\_{32}} \\\\\\\\\\\\end{pmatrix}, \\\\qquad \\\\begin{pmatrix} {k\\_{1}} \\\\\\\\{k\\_{2}} \\\\\\\\{k\\_{3}} \\\\\\\\\\\\end{pmatrix}\\=\\\\begin{pmatrix} {e\\_{11}\\-e\\_{33}} \\\\\\\\{e\\_{22}\\-e\\_{33}} \\\\\\\\{e\\_{12}C\\_{3312}\\+e\\_{13}C\\_{3313}\\+e\\_{23}C\\_{3323}} \\\\\\\\\\\\end{pmatrix}",
"\\\\varepsilon\\_{33}\\={k\\_1C\\_{1133}\\+k\\_2C{2233}\\+k\\_3\\\\over C\\_{1133}\\+C\\_{2233}\\+C\\_{3333}},\\\\qquad \\\\therefore\\\\varepsilon\\_{kl}\\=\\\\begin{pmatrix} {k\\_1\\+\\\\varepsilon\\_{33}} \\\\\\\\{k\\_2\\+\\\\varepsilon\\_{33}} \\\\\\\\{\\\\varepsilon\\_{33}}\\\\\\\\{2e\\_{12}}\\\\\\\\{2e\\_{13}}\\\\\\\\{2e\\_{23}} \\\\\\\\\\\\end{pmatrix}",
"Finally, the stress and strain tensors are linked using the crystal anisotropic stiffness tensor (C\\_{klij}), and by using the [Einstein summation](/wiki/Einstein_summation \"Einstein summation\") convention with symmetry of stress tensors (\\\\sigma\\_{ij}\\=\\\\sigma\\_{ji}).",
"\\\\sigma\\_{ij}\\=C\\_{ijkl}\\\\varepsilon\\_{kl}",
"The quality of the produced data can be assessed by taking the geometric mean of all the ROI's correlation intensity/peaks. A value lower than 0\\.25 should indicate problems with the EBSPs' quality. Furthermore, the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density can be estimated from the HR\\-EBSD measured lattice rotations by relating the rotation axis and angle between neighbour map points to the dislocation types and densities in a material using Nye's tensor.{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Wilkinson \\|first1\\=Angus J. \\|last2\\=Randman \\|first2\\=David \\|date\\=2010 \\|title\\=Determination of elastic strain fields and geometrically necessary dislocation distributions near nanoindents using electron back scatter diffraction \\|journal\\=Philosophical Magazine \\|volume\\=90 \\|issue\\=9 \\|pages\\=1159–1177 \\|bibcode\\=2010PMag...90\\.1159W \\|doi\\=10\\.1080/14786430903304145 \\|s2cid\\=121903030 \\|url\\=https://hal.science/hal\\-00581027/file/PEER\\_stage2\\_10\\.1080%252F14786430903304145\\.pdf \\|access\\-date\\=20 March 2023 \\|archive\\-date\\=3 March 2023 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303205320/https://hal.science/hal\\-00581027/file/PEER\\_stage2\\_10\\.1080%252F14786430903304145\\.pdf \\|url\\-status\\=live }}{{Cite journal \\|last\\=Pantleon \\|first\\=W. \\|date\\=2008\\-06\\-01 \\|title\\=Resolving the geometrically necessary dislocation content by conventional electron backscattering diffraction \\|journal\\=Scripta Materialia \\|volume\\=58 \\|issue\\=11 \\|pages\\=994–997 \\|doi\\=10\\.1016/j.scriptamat.2008\\.01\\.050 }}{{Citation \\|last1\\=Brewer \\|first1\\=Luke N. \\|title\\=Mapping and Assessing Plastic Deformation Using EBSD \\|date\\=2009 \\|work\\=Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science \\|pages\\=251–262 \\|editor\\-last\\=Schwartz \\|editor\\-first\\=Adam J. \\|place\\=Boston, MA \\|publisher\\=Springer US \\|doi\\=10\\.1007/978\\-0\\-387\\-88136\\-2\\_18 \\|isbn\\=978\\-0\\-387\\-88136\\-2 \\|last2\\=Field \\|first2\\=David P. \\|last3\\=Merriman \\|first3\\=Colin C. \\|editor2\\-last\\=Kumar \\|editor2\\-first\\=Mukul \\|editor3\\-last\\=Adams \\|editor3\\-first\\=Brent L. \\|editor4\\-last\\=Field \\|editor4\\-first\\=David P. }}",
""
] |
Journalism
----------
Gambotto\-Burke was first published in *The Australian* at the age of eighteen.
After moving to England in 1984, Gambotto\-Burke worked for the music press in London \- notably, the [NME](/wiki/NME "NME") and [Zig Zag](/wiki/Zig_Zag "Zig Zag"). She won UK *[Cosmopolitan](/wiki/Cosmopolitan_%28magazine%29 "Cosmopolitan (magazine)")* magazine's New Journalist of the Year Award in 1988\. She also worked for *[The Independent on Sunday](/wiki/The_Independent_on_Sunday "The Independent on Sunday")*, notably a cover story on cardiothoracic surgeons."Affairs of the Heart" by Antonella Gambotto\-Burke, [The Independent on Sunday](/wiki/The_Independent_on_Sunday "The Independent on Sunday") Review, 17 March 1991\.
In 1989, Gambotto\-Burke returned to Sydney, where she resumed working for [The Australian](/wiki/The_Australian "The Australian") as a senior feature profile writer and literary critic. She also began writing for The South China Morning Post, [The Globe and Mail](/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail "The Globe and Mail"), [Harper's Bazaar](/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar "Harper's Bazaar"), [Elle](/wiki/Elle_%28magazine%29 "Elle (magazine)"), [Vogue](/wiki/Vogue_%28magazine%29 "Vogue (magazine)") and other major global publications. [Channel Nine](/wiki/Nine_Network "Nine Network") Entertainment Director [Richard Wilkins](/wiki/Richard_Wilkins_%28TV_presenter%29 "Richard Wilkins (TV presenter)") said in an interview that, "if you're on her wavelength, the interview is a most enjoyable experience. If not, it could be quite disconcerting. The key is to be open and honest with her."'In the blood', by Murray Waldren, The Australian Magazine, 26–27 March 1994\.
Of her journalism, author [Matthew Condon](/wiki/Matthew_Condon "Matthew Condon") wrote, "Her razor eye for the architecture of pretension and her ability to record untidied dialogue, especially the way it can betray the human mind and soul, have made her an object of fear and derision. To have been 'Gambottoed' is to have had a vein opened.""Another phrase of her life" by Matthew Condon, *[The Age](/wiki/The_Age "The Age")*, 22 August 1998\.
Gambotto\-Burke's interviewees include [Martin Amis](/wiki/Martin_Amis "Martin Amis"), [Elle Macpherson](/wiki/Elle_Macpherson "Elle Macpherson"), [Gérard Depardieu](/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu "Gérard Depardieu"), [Morrissey](/wiki/Morrissey "Morrissey"), [Thierry Mugler](/wiki/Thierry_Mugler "Thierry Mugler"), [Marc Newson](/wiki/Marc_Newson "Marc Newson"), [Deepak Chopra](/wiki/Deepak_Chopra "Deepak Chopra"), [Flavio Briatore](/wiki/Flavio_Briatore "Flavio Briatore"), [Robert Smith](/wiki/Robert_Smith_%28musician%29 "Robert Smith (musician)"), [Erica Jong](/wiki/Erica_Jong "Erica Jong"), [Colleen McCullough](/wiki/Colleen_McCullough "Colleen McCullough"), [Jeffrey Archer](/wiki/Jeffrey_Archer "Jeffrey Archer"), [Princess Haya bint Al Hussein](/wiki/Princess_Haya_bint_Al_Hussein "Princess Haya bint Al Hussein"), [Jerry Hall](/wiki/Jerry_Hall "Jerry Hall") and [Naomi Wolf](/wiki/Naomi_Wolf "Naomi Wolf").['Antonella Gambotto at The Sydney Institute'](https://thesydneyinstitute.com.au/bloag/antonella-gambotto/) Retrieved 28 March 2023\.
Her best known comic interview – with [Warwick Capper](/wiki/Warwick_Capper "Warwick Capper"),"The Blond Leading the Blond" by Antonella Gambotto, *Mode*, 1994 a retired [Australian rules footballer](/wiki/Australian_rules_football "Australian rules football"), and his wife – is included in *The Best Australian Profiles* (Black Inc., 2004\). "The best profiles lodge deep in the public mind, such as ... Antonella Gambotto's cheerfully dopey Warwick and Joanne Capper, which presaged by years the arrival of *[Kath \& Kim](/wiki/Kath_%26_Kim "Kath & Kim")*", Professor Matthew Ricketson wrote in 2005\."Close Up: Review" by Matthew Ricketson, *[The Age](/wiki/The_Age "The Age")*, 18 June 2005\.
“The Blonde leading the Blonde” (Gambotto\-Burke's interview with the Cappers) was, as writer Richard Cooke reported, reprinted several times, "and its descriptive passages – one of which described Joanne's pubic hair as 'white as the froth on a pint of Castlemaine' – became legend."
In the interview with Cooke, Gambotto\-Burke said, "Warwick was voluble, enthusiastic, wild, mad, emotional, straightforward, carnal, intense, passionate, ambitious, unintelligent and hysterically funny, if not always intentionally. I loved his spirit if not his avidity, which I found disconcerting ... It was so shocking – I'm laughing here – but not because of the sexuality. The whole thing was shocking – the frankness, the spa bath, the chocolate\-covered nuts (or raisins, or whatever they were). They were so artless. I felt as if I'd entered another universe."['Tasteful Sexuality'](https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2019/october/1569374807/richard-cooke-and-russell-jackson/tasteful-sexuality#mtr), by Richard Cooke, [The Monthly](/wiki/The_Monthly "The Monthly"), October 2019
In Undercover Agent, Murray Waldren noted that "an interview with \[Gambotto\-Burke] often has the studied savagery of the corrida amid the crystal cruet ambience of high tea at the Ritz. Such ritualistic disembowelling, highly entertaining and in stark contrast to the asinine, PR\-driven pap of most modern profiles, leave the gored stirred and very shaken."['Dining Out with Mr. Lunch'](https://collection.sl.nsw.gov.au/record/74VvrBrkvJAl), by [Murray Waldren](/wiki/Murray_Waldren "Murray Waldren"), University of Queensland Press, 1999
### Controversy
In London, Gambotto\-Burke was employed as a music critic at the [NME](/wiki/NME "NME") by editor [Neil Spencer](/wiki/Neil_Spencer "Neil Spencer")['Interview with legendary NME editors Neil Spencer and Mat Snow'](https://www.mixcloud.com/BoogalooRadio/the-antonella-show-w-antonella-gambotto-burke-w-legendary-nme-editors-neil-spencer-mat-snow/), Boogaloo Radio, 13 August 2019 and, on the advice of her live editor [Mat Snow](/wiki/Mat_Snow "Mat Snow"), wrote under pseudonyms Antonella Black and [Ginger Meggs](/wiki/Ginger_Meggs "Ginger Meggs").Introduction, *An Instinct for the Kill*, by Antonella Gambotto, HarperCollins, 1997 Her review of [Cliff Richard](/wiki/Cliff_Richard "Cliff Richard")'s concert, in which she referred to him as "Satan" and which made national newspaper gossip columns, provoked him to sue the music journal.['Totally Wired: The Rise and Fall of the Music Press'](https://thamesandhudson.com/totally-wired-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-music-press-9780500022634) by Paul Gorman, Thames \& Hudson, 2022
Gambotto\-Burke then wrote "A Man Called Horse", the first cover story about alternative rock star [Nick Cave](/wiki/Nick_Cave "Nick Cave") to document his since\-widely reported heroin addiction. "Shifting from bad to worse the interview collapses, along with Cave, into a series of broken thoughts and unfinished sentences," British author Adam Steiner has noted.'Darker with the Dawn: Nick Cave's Songs of Love and Death', by Adam Steiner, Rowman \& Littlefield, 2023\.
Cave, retaliating, stated in an interview with Sounds that Gambotto\-Burke had "brought her pyjamas along to the interview in place of a tape recorder". The male journalist added, "Hi, Antonella, and if you ever need to borrow my Sony ...".‘Bad Seed Rising,’ by Bill Black, Sounds, 25 May 25, 1985 Gambotto\-Burke's editor [Mick Mercer](/wiki/Mick_Mercer "Mick Mercer"), who had published the cover story about Cave, wrote to Sounds: "I heard the tape of the interview and have yet to recover ... the piece eventually stated what other writers hadn't been brave enough to write. So what's the problem? Little Nick whittles his woodenly creative brain and makes sly insinuations about Antonella hauling in the bunk beds, anxious for the earth to move ... Cave dribbling in one corner."'Cave Man Boogie' by Mick Mercer, Letters, Sounds, 8 June 1985
Mercer's letter was printed with the paper's apology: "Sounds entirely accepts that Ms \[Gambotto\-Burke] conducts herself properly and professionally at all times and apologises to her and to \[the magazine] for any suggestion to the contrary in Bill Black's interview with Nick Cave."Reply to ‘Cave Man Boogie,’ Letters, Sounds, 8 June 1985
Cave, who had told [Melody Maker](/wiki/Melody_Maker "Melody Maker") journalists that he wanted to "kill" Gambotto\-Burke,['Book Review : ‘Apple: Sex, Drugs, Motherhood and the Recovery of the Feminine by Antonella Gambotto\-Burke'](https://louderthanwar.com/book-review-apple-sex-drugs-motherhood-and-the-recovery-of-the-feminine-antonella-gambotto-burke/), by John Robb, [Louder than War](/wiki/Louder_than_War "Louder than War"), 10 July 2022 then wrote a song about her and [Mat Snow](/wiki/Mat_Snow "Mat Snow") entitled "Scum"["Bet you think this song is about you"](https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/dec/13/people-inspired-pop-songs-muses), by Dave Simpson, *[The Guardian](/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")*, 13 December 2008
The Cave interview was included in Gambotto\-Burke's anthology of interviews [Lunch of Blood](/wiki/Lunch_of_Blood "Lunch of Blood"), while [Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds](/wiki/Nick_Cave_and_the_Bad_Seeds "Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds") included a version of "Scum" on their 2005 box set, *B\-Sides And Rarities*. In turn, Gambotto\-Burke wrote about her experience of interviewing Cave for an Australian magazine in 2006,"Scum: The Inside Dope" by Antonella Gambotto\-Burke, *Men's Style*, Spring 2006\. and her interview with him was again reprinted in the anthology *Nick Cave: Sinner, Saint*.*Nick Cave: Sinner, Saint – The True Confessions*, edited by Mat Snow, Plexus Publishing, 2011\.
Gambotto\-Burke, in 2022, wrote at length about her experience of Cave in [Apple: Sex, Drugs, Motherhood and the Recovery of the Feminine](/wiki/Apple:Sex%2C_Drugs%2C_Motherhood_and_the_Recovery_of_the_Feminine "Sex, Drugs, Motherhood and the Recovery of the Feminine"), describing him as a "narcissist" and a "liar", and elaborating on the impact of his actions on her life and daughter.
### Interview anthologies
*Lunch of Blood* (Random House, 1994\), Gambotto\-Burke's first book and first anthology, peaked at number six on the best\-seller lists. [The Newcastle Herald](/wiki/The_Newcastle_Herald "The Newcastle Herald") observed that Gambotto\-Burke's "command of language is delicious to the point where one wonders which came first, her wish to display her ability or the desire to share her impressions." In 1997, *An Instinct for the Kill*, her second anthology, was published to mixed reviews by HarperCollins. ([The Age](/wiki/The_Age "The Age") critic Katherine Wilson singled out the Capper interview as "laugh\-out\-loud" funny.)'The Best Australian Profiles: Review', by Katherine Wilson, [The Age](/wiki/The_Age "The Age"), 23 October 2004
In *The Best Australian Profiles*, Professor Matthew Ricketson wrote the introduction to Gambotto\-Burke's work: "\[She] is probably the closest Australia has come to having a profile writer who is a celebrity in their own right ... and from the early 1990s readers became as interested in Gambotto\-Burke as they were in the people she profiled."*The Best Australian Profiles*, edited by Matthew Ricketson, Black Inc., 2004\.
Bestselling [The\_Wolf\_of\_Wall\_Street\_(book)](/wiki/The_Wolf_of_Wall_Street_%28book%29 "The Wolf of Wall Street (book)") author [Jordan Belfort](/wiki/Jordan_Belfort "Jordan Belfort"), whom Gambotto\-Burke interviewed for "maybe six hours", wrote "Chaos Theory", the foreword to her anthology MOUTH. In it, he said that "She also has an edge to her \- let's just say I wouldn't want to be on her bad side. She has her own moral compass."["Chaos Theory: An Introduction to Antonella Gambotto\-Burke", by Jordan Belfort](https://us.amazon.com/Mouth-Antonella-Gambotto-Burke-ebook/dp/B00HHB1MAM), from MOUTH, by Antonella Gambotto\-Burke, Broken Ankle Digital, 2013
### Recent journalism
In 2017, Gambotto\-Burke returned with her daughter to England,[BBC interview with Antonella Gambotto\-Burke](https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p0hsvxp0) 17 May 2024\. Retrieved 7 June 2024 where she began working for [The Sunday Times](/wiki/The_Sunday_Times "The Sunday Times"), [The Telegraph](/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph "The Daily Telegraph"), and other newspapers.["My post\-divorce blow\-out in New York"](https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/my-post-divorce-blowout-in-new-york-jc02s0856) by Antonella Gambotto\-Burke, *[The Sunday Times](/wiki/The_Sunday_Times "The Sunday Times")*, 8 September 2019
Gambotto\-Burke's writing about [human trafficking](/wiki/Human_trafficking "Human trafficking") has been syndicated around the world. She is also a widely published essayist, and has written lead and front\-page news stories about legal issues, and, in the wake of the Israel\-Hamas conflict, antisemitism.["Business demands fixed fees as revolt builds against billable hours"](http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/legal-affairs/business-demands-fixed-fees-as-revolt-builds-against-billable-hours/story-e6frg97x-1225907492491) by Antonella Gambotto\-Burke, *[The Australian](/wiki/The_Australian "The Australian")*, 20 August 2010["Corporates taken to the cleaners with billing abuses"](http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/legal-affairs/corporates-taken-to-the-cleaners/story-e6frg97x-1225910605206) by Antonella Gambotto\-Burke, *[The Australian](/wiki/The_Australian "The Australian")*, 27 August 2010{{Cite web\|url\=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/review/clementine\-ford\-didnt\-like\-me\-book\-review\-the\-response\-was\-disturbing/news\-story/f54c8f29402c3239d9abe098a5d3bbca\|title\='Challenge Clementine Ford's hatred and this is what you get', by Antonella Gambotto\-Burke, The Australian, 22December 2023}}{{Cite web\|url\=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/politics/target\-on\-their\-backs\-for\-being\-jewish\-australia\-in\-2024\-how\-can\-this\-be/news\-story/216b838e8133a40f1d410132b14d159d\|title\=‘Target on their backs for being Jewish: how can this be in 2024?', by Antonella Gambotto\-Burke, The Australian, 22 February 2024}}
The issues of pornography and gender inequality also heavily feature in Gambotto\-Burke's journalism.["Upskirting shows how porn culture has caused a breakdown in respect for women"](https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/upskirting-shows-how-porn-culture-has-caused-a-breakdown-in-respect-for-women-z9pn7m8bs) by Antonella Gambotto\-Burke, *[The Sunday Times Magazine](/wiki/The_Sunday_Times_Magazine "The Sunday Times Magazine")*, 3 February 2019["Yes, porn is a social blight. But the demonisation of men has to stop"](https://www.theaustralian.com.au/inquirer/yes-porn-is-a-social-blight-but-the-demonisation-of-men-has-to-stop/news-story/fc6df5d6f688654ebba5c2ee9fe8f755) by Antonella Gambotto\-Burke, *[The Weekend Australian](/wiki/The_Weekend_Australian "The Weekend Australian")*, 13 August 2022
As of January 2023, Gambotto\-Burke has been writing the back page of *[The Weekend Australian](/wiki/The_Weekend_Australian "The Weekend Australian")* literary section,{{Cite web\|url\=https://www.instagram.com/p/CN6H1ClA\_\-j/\|title\=Instagram\|website\=www.instagram.com}}{{Cite web\|url\=https://www.instagram.com/p/ClA9MoCD\-eH/?hl\|title\=Instagram\|website\=www.instagram.com}} and is now a senior feature and cover story writer for *[The Daily Mail](/wiki/The_Daily_Mail "The Daily Mail")* and other major newspapers, including [The Sunday Times](/wiki/The_Sunday_Times "The Sunday Times"), in London.
|
[
"Journalism\n----------",
"Gambotto\\-Burke was first published in *The Australian* at the age of eighteen.",
"After moving to England in 1984, Gambotto\\-Burke worked for the music press in London \\- notably, the [NME](/wiki/NME \"NME\") and [Zig Zag](/wiki/Zig_Zag \"Zig Zag\"). She won UK *[Cosmopolitan](/wiki/Cosmopolitan_%28magazine%29 \"Cosmopolitan (magazine)\")* magazine's New Journalist of the Year Award in 1988\\. She also worked for *[The Independent on Sunday](/wiki/The_Independent_on_Sunday \"The Independent on Sunday\")*, notably a cover story on cardiothoracic surgeons.\"Affairs of the Heart\" by Antonella Gambotto\\-Burke, [The Independent on Sunday](/wiki/The_Independent_on_Sunday \"The Independent on Sunday\") Review, 17 March 1991\\.",
"In 1989, Gambotto\\-Burke returned to Sydney, where she resumed working for [The Australian](/wiki/The_Australian \"The Australian\") as a senior feature profile writer and literary critic. She also began writing for The South China Morning Post, [The Globe and Mail](/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail \"The Globe and Mail\"), [Harper's Bazaar](/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar \"Harper's Bazaar\"), [Elle](/wiki/Elle_%28magazine%29 \"Elle (magazine)\"), [Vogue](/wiki/Vogue_%28magazine%29 \"Vogue (magazine)\") and other major global publications. [Channel Nine](/wiki/Nine_Network \"Nine Network\") Entertainment Director [Richard Wilkins](/wiki/Richard_Wilkins_%28TV_presenter%29 \"Richard Wilkins (TV presenter)\") said in an interview that, \"if you're on her wavelength, the interview is a most enjoyable experience. If not, it could be quite disconcerting. The key is to be open and honest with her.\"'In the blood', by Murray Waldren, The Australian Magazine, 26–27 March 1994\\.",
"Of her journalism, author [Matthew Condon](/wiki/Matthew_Condon \"Matthew Condon\") wrote, \"Her razor eye for the architecture of pretension and her ability to record untidied dialogue, especially the way it can betray the human mind and soul, have made her an object of fear and derision. To have been 'Gambottoed' is to have had a vein opened.\"\"Another phrase of her life\" by Matthew Condon, *[The Age](/wiki/The_Age \"The Age\")*, 22 August 1998\\.",
"Gambotto\\-Burke's interviewees include [Martin Amis](/wiki/Martin_Amis \"Martin Amis\"), [Elle Macpherson](/wiki/Elle_Macpherson \"Elle Macpherson\"), [Gérard Depardieu](/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu \"Gérard Depardieu\"), [Morrissey](/wiki/Morrissey \"Morrissey\"), [Thierry Mugler](/wiki/Thierry_Mugler \"Thierry Mugler\"), [Marc Newson](/wiki/Marc_Newson \"Marc Newson\"), [Deepak Chopra](/wiki/Deepak_Chopra \"Deepak Chopra\"), [Flavio Briatore](/wiki/Flavio_Briatore \"Flavio Briatore\"), [Robert Smith](/wiki/Robert_Smith_%28musician%29 \"Robert Smith (musician)\"), [Erica Jong](/wiki/Erica_Jong \"Erica Jong\"), [Colleen McCullough](/wiki/Colleen_McCullough \"Colleen McCullough\"), [Jeffrey Archer](/wiki/Jeffrey_Archer \"Jeffrey Archer\"), [Princess Haya bint Al Hussein](/wiki/Princess_Haya_bint_Al_Hussein \"Princess Haya bint Al Hussein\"), [Jerry Hall](/wiki/Jerry_Hall \"Jerry Hall\") and [Naomi Wolf](/wiki/Naomi_Wolf \"Naomi Wolf\").['Antonella Gambotto at The Sydney Institute'](https://thesydneyinstitute.com.au/bloag/antonella-gambotto/) Retrieved 28 March 2023\\.",
"Her best known comic interview – with [Warwick Capper](/wiki/Warwick_Capper \"Warwick Capper\"),\"The Blond Leading the Blond\" by Antonella Gambotto, *Mode*, 1994 a retired [Australian rules footballer](/wiki/Australian_rules_football \"Australian rules football\"), and his wife – is included in *The Best Australian Profiles* (Black Inc., 2004\\). \"The best profiles lodge deep in the public mind, such as ... Antonella Gambotto's cheerfully dopey Warwick and Joanne Capper, which presaged by years the arrival of *[Kath \\& Kim](/wiki/Kath_%26_Kim \"Kath & Kim\")*\", Professor Matthew Ricketson wrote in 2005\\.\"Close Up: Review\" by Matthew Ricketson, *[The Age](/wiki/The_Age \"The Age\")*, 18 June 2005\\.",
"“The Blonde leading the Blonde” (Gambotto\\-Burke's interview with the Cappers) was, as writer Richard Cooke reported, reprinted several times, \"and its descriptive passages – one of which described Joanne's pubic hair as 'white as the froth on a pint of Castlemaine' – became legend.\"",
"In the interview with Cooke, Gambotto\\-Burke said, \"Warwick was voluble, enthusiastic, wild, mad, emotional, straightforward, carnal, intense, passionate, ambitious, unintelligent and hysterically funny, if not always intentionally. I loved his spirit if not his avidity, which I found disconcerting ... It was so shocking – I'm laughing here – but not because of the sexuality. The whole thing was shocking – the frankness, the spa bath, the chocolate\\-covered nuts (or raisins, or whatever they were). They were so artless. I felt as if I'd entered another universe.\"['Tasteful Sexuality'](https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2019/october/1569374807/richard-cooke-and-russell-jackson/tasteful-sexuality#mtr), by Richard Cooke, [The Monthly](/wiki/The_Monthly \"The Monthly\"), October 2019",
"In Undercover Agent, Murray Waldren noted that \"an interview with \\[Gambotto\\-Burke] often has the studied savagery of the corrida amid the crystal cruet ambience of high tea at the Ritz. Such ritualistic disembowelling, highly entertaining and in stark contrast to the asinine, PR\\-driven pap of most modern profiles, leave the gored stirred and very shaken.\"['Dining Out with Mr. Lunch'](https://collection.sl.nsw.gov.au/record/74VvrBrkvJAl), by [Murray Waldren](/wiki/Murray_Waldren \"Murray Waldren\"), University of Queensland Press, 1999",
"### Controversy",
"In London, Gambotto\\-Burke was employed as a music critic at the [NME](/wiki/NME \"NME\") by editor [Neil Spencer](/wiki/Neil_Spencer \"Neil Spencer\")['Interview with legendary NME editors Neil Spencer and Mat Snow'](https://www.mixcloud.com/BoogalooRadio/the-antonella-show-w-antonella-gambotto-burke-w-legendary-nme-editors-neil-spencer-mat-snow/), Boogaloo Radio, 13 August 2019 and, on the advice of her live editor [Mat Snow](/wiki/Mat_Snow \"Mat Snow\"), wrote under pseudonyms Antonella Black and [Ginger Meggs](/wiki/Ginger_Meggs \"Ginger Meggs\").Introduction, *An Instinct for the Kill*, by Antonella Gambotto, HarperCollins, 1997 Her review of [Cliff Richard](/wiki/Cliff_Richard \"Cliff Richard\")'s concert, in which she referred to him as \"Satan\" and which made national newspaper gossip columns, provoked him to sue the music journal.['Totally Wired: The Rise and Fall of the Music Press'](https://thamesandhudson.com/totally-wired-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-music-press-9780500022634) by Paul Gorman, Thames \\& Hudson, 2022",
"Gambotto\\-Burke then wrote \"A Man Called Horse\", the first cover story about alternative rock star [Nick Cave](/wiki/Nick_Cave \"Nick Cave\") to document his since\\-widely reported heroin addiction. \"Shifting from bad to worse the interview collapses, along with Cave, into a series of broken thoughts and unfinished sentences,\" British author Adam Steiner has noted.'Darker with the Dawn: Nick Cave's Songs of Love and Death', by Adam Steiner, Rowman \\& Littlefield, 2023\\.",
"Cave, retaliating, stated in an interview with Sounds that Gambotto\\-Burke had \"brought her pyjamas along to the interview in place of a tape recorder\". The male journalist added, \"Hi, Antonella, and if you ever need to borrow my Sony ...\".‘Bad Seed Rising,’ by Bill Black, Sounds, 25 May 25, 1985 Gambotto\\-Burke's editor [Mick Mercer](/wiki/Mick_Mercer \"Mick Mercer\"), who had published the cover story about Cave, wrote to Sounds: \"I heard the tape of the interview and have yet to recover ... the piece eventually stated what other writers hadn't been brave enough to write. So what's the problem? Little Nick whittles his woodenly creative brain and makes sly insinuations about Antonella hauling in the bunk beds, anxious for the earth to move ... Cave dribbling in one corner.\"'Cave Man Boogie' by Mick Mercer, Letters, Sounds, 8 June 1985",
"Mercer's letter was printed with the paper's apology: \"Sounds entirely accepts that Ms \\[Gambotto\\-Burke] conducts herself properly and professionally at all times and apologises to her and to \\[the magazine] for any suggestion to the contrary in Bill Black's interview with Nick Cave.\"Reply to ‘Cave Man Boogie,’ Letters, Sounds, 8 June 1985",
"Cave, who had told [Melody Maker](/wiki/Melody_Maker \"Melody Maker\") journalists that he wanted to \"kill\" Gambotto\\-Burke,['Book Review : ‘Apple: Sex, Drugs, Motherhood and the Recovery of the Feminine by Antonella Gambotto\\-Burke'](https://louderthanwar.com/book-review-apple-sex-drugs-motherhood-and-the-recovery-of-the-feminine-antonella-gambotto-burke/), by John Robb, [Louder than War](/wiki/Louder_than_War \"Louder than War\"), 10 July 2022 then wrote a song about her and [Mat Snow](/wiki/Mat_Snow \"Mat Snow\") entitled \"Scum\"[\"Bet you think this song is about you\"](https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/dec/13/people-inspired-pop-songs-muses), by Dave Simpson, *[The Guardian](/wiki/The_Guardian \"The Guardian\")*, 13 December 2008",
"The Cave interview was included in Gambotto\\-Burke's anthology of interviews [Lunch of Blood](/wiki/Lunch_of_Blood \"Lunch of Blood\"), while [Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds](/wiki/Nick_Cave_and_the_Bad_Seeds \"Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds\") included a version of \"Scum\" on their 2005 box set, *B\\-Sides And Rarities*. In turn, Gambotto\\-Burke wrote about her experience of interviewing Cave for an Australian magazine in 2006,\"Scum: The Inside Dope\" by Antonella Gambotto\\-Burke, *Men's Style*, Spring 2006\\. and her interview with him was again reprinted in the anthology *Nick Cave: Sinner, Saint*.*Nick Cave: Sinner, Saint – The True Confessions*, edited by Mat Snow, Plexus Publishing, 2011\\.",
"Gambotto\\-Burke, in 2022, wrote at length about her experience of Cave in [Apple: Sex, Drugs, Motherhood and the Recovery of the Feminine](/wiki/Apple:Sex%2C_Drugs%2C_Motherhood_and_the_Recovery_of_the_Feminine \"Sex, Drugs, Motherhood and the Recovery of the Feminine\"), describing him as a \"narcissist\" and a \"liar\", and elaborating on the impact of his actions on her life and daughter.",
"### Interview anthologies",
"*Lunch of Blood* (Random House, 1994\\), Gambotto\\-Burke's first book and first anthology, peaked at number six on the best\\-seller lists. [The Newcastle Herald](/wiki/The_Newcastle_Herald \"The Newcastle Herald\") observed that Gambotto\\-Burke's \"command of language is delicious to the point where one wonders which came first, her wish to display her ability or the desire to share her impressions.\" In 1997, *An Instinct for the Kill*, her second anthology, was published to mixed reviews by HarperCollins. ([The Age](/wiki/The_Age \"The Age\") critic Katherine Wilson singled out the Capper interview as \"laugh\\-out\\-loud\" funny.)'The Best Australian Profiles: Review', by Katherine Wilson, [The Age](/wiki/The_Age \"The Age\"), 23 October 2004",
"In *The Best Australian Profiles*, Professor Matthew Ricketson wrote the introduction to Gambotto\\-Burke's work: \"\\[She] is probably the closest Australia has come to having a profile writer who is a celebrity in their own right ... and from the early 1990s readers became as interested in Gambotto\\-Burke as they were in the people she profiled.\"*The Best Australian Profiles*, edited by Matthew Ricketson, Black Inc., 2004\\.",
"Bestselling [The\\_Wolf\\_of\\_Wall\\_Street\\_(book)](/wiki/The_Wolf_of_Wall_Street_%28book%29 \"The Wolf of Wall Street (book)\") author [Jordan Belfort](/wiki/Jordan_Belfort \"Jordan Belfort\"), whom Gambotto\\-Burke interviewed for \"maybe six hours\", wrote \"Chaos Theory\", the foreword to her anthology MOUTH. In it, he said that \"She also has an edge to her \\- let's just say I wouldn't want to be on her bad side. She has her own moral compass.\"[\"Chaos Theory: An Introduction to Antonella Gambotto\\-Burke\", by Jordan Belfort](https://us.amazon.com/Mouth-Antonella-Gambotto-Burke-ebook/dp/B00HHB1MAM), from MOUTH, by Antonella Gambotto\\-Burke, Broken Ankle Digital, 2013",
"### Recent journalism",
"In 2017, Gambotto\\-Burke returned with her daughter to England,[BBC interview with Antonella Gambotto\\-Burke](https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p0hsvxp0) 17 May 2024\\. Retrieved 7 June 2024 where she began working for [The Sunday Times](/wiki/The_Sunday_Times \"The Sunday Times\"), [The Telegraph](/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph \"The Daily Telegraph\"), and other newspapers.[\"My post\\-divorce blow\\-out in New York\"](https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/my-post-divorce-blowout-in-new-york-jc02s0856) by Antonella Gambotto\\-Burke, *[The Sunday Times](/wiki/The_Sunday_Times \"The Sunday Times\")*, 8 September 2019",
"Gambotto\\-Burke's writing about [human trafficking](/wiki/Human_trafficking \"Human trafficking\") has been syndicated around the world. She is also a widely published essayist, and has written lead and front\\-page news stories about legal issues, and, in the wake of the Israel\\-Hamas conflict, antisemitism.[\"Business demands fixed fees as revolt builds against billable hours\"](http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/legal-affairs/business-demands-fixed-fees-as-revolt-builds-against-billable-hours/story-e6frg97x-1225907492491) by Antonella Gambotto\\-Burke, *[The Australian](/wiki/The_Australian \"The Australian\")*, 20 August 2010[\"Corporates taken to the cleaners with billing abuses\"](http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/legal-affairs/corporates-taken-to-the-cleaners/story-e6frg97x-1225910605206) by Antonella Gambotto\\-Burke, *[The Australian](/wiki/The_Australian \"The Australian\")*, 27 August 2010{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/review/clementine\\-ford\\-didnt\\-like\\-me\\-book\\-review\\-the\\-response\\-was\\-disturbing/news\\-story/f54c8f29402c3239d9abe098a5d3bbca\\|title\\='Challenge Clementine Ford's hatred and this is what you get', by Antonella Gambotto\\-Burke, The Australian, 22December 2023}}{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/politics/target\\-on\\-their\\-backs\\-for\\-being\\-jewish\\-australia\\-in\\-2024\\-how\\-can\\-this\\-be/news\\-story/216b838e8133a40f1d410132b14d159d\\|title\\=‘Target on their backs for being Jewish: how can this be in 2024?', by Antonella Gambotto\\-Burke, The Australian, 22 February 2024}}",
"The issues of pornography and gender inequality also heavily feature in Gambotto\\-Burke's journalism.[\"Upskirting shows how porn culture has caused a breakdown in respect for women\"](https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/upskirting-shows-how-porn-culture-has-caused-a-breakdown-in-respect-for-women-z9pn7m8bs) by Antonella Gambotto\\-Burke, *[The Sunday Times Magazine](/wiki/The_Sunday_Times_Magazine \"The Sunday Times Magazine\")*, 3 February 2019[\"Yes, porn is a social blight. But the demonisation of men has to stop\"](https://www.theaustralian.com.au/inquirer/yes-porn-is-a-social-blight-but-the-demonisation-of-men-has-to-stop/news-story/fc6df5d6f688654ebba5c2ee9fe8f755) by Antonella Gambotto\\-Burke, *[The Weekend Australian](/wiki/The_Weekend_Australian \"The Weekend Australian\")*, 13 August 2022",
"As of January 2023, Gambotto\\-Burke has been writing the back page of *[The Weekend Australian](/wiki/The_Weekend_Australian \"The Weekend Australian\")* literary section,{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://www.instagram.com/p/CN6H1ClA\\_\\-j/\\|title\\=Instagram\\|website\\=www.instagram.com}}{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://www.instagram.com/p/ClA9MoCD\\-eH/?hl\\|title\\=Instagram\\|website\\=www.instagram.com}} and is now a senior feature and cover story writer for *[The Daily Mail](/wiki/The_Daily_Mail \"The Daily Mail\")* and other major newspapers, including [The Sunday Times](/wiki/The_Sunday_Times \"The Sunday Times\"), in London.",
""
] |
Biography
---------
Gustave Adolphe Lefrançais was born on 30 January 1826, in [Angers](/wiki/Angers "Angers"), the son of a workshop head at the local [Arts et Métiers school](/wiki/Arts_et_M%C3%A9tiers_ParisTech "Arts et Métiers ParisTech"). Lefrançais moved to [Paris](/wiki/Paris "Paris") at the age of 10; in 1842, he enrolled in the [École Normale Primaire](/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Primaire "École Normale Primaire") in [Versailles](/wiki/Versailles "Versailles"), from which he graduated in 1844\. During his time at the École Normale, Lefrançais' schoolmaster influenced him to adopt a [revolutionary](/wiki/Revolutionary "Revolutionary") political ideology, which caused him difficulty when he attempted to find work as a [teacher](/wiki/Teacher "Teacher"). After working in a number of Parisian schools, in February 1846, he received a job at a school in [Seine\-et\-Oise](/wiki/Seine-et-Oise "Seine-et-Oise"), but he was forced out of his position after five months due to hostility from a local priest. He worked as a builder until the outbreak of the [French Revolution of 1848](/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848 "French Revolution of 1848"), which he participated in.{{Cite encyclopedia \|title\=LEFRANÇOIS Gustave, Adolphe, dit Gustave Lefrançais \|date\=2020\-02\-03 \|orig\-date\=2009\-02\-20 \|url\=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article33693 \|language\=fr \|publisher\=Maitron/Editions de l'Atelier \|encyclopedia\=\[\[Le Maitron]] \|location\=Paris \|df\=dmy\-all }}
After the revolution, Lefrançais joined the Association of Socialist Teachers. Together with his colleagues [Pauline Roland](/wiki/Pauline_Roland "Pauline Roland") and [Jeanne Deroin](/wiki/Jeanne_Deroin "Jeanne Deroin"), he published a programme for [progressive education](/wiki/Progressive_education "Progressive education"), which attracted the attention of the French authorities. He was arrested and, after three months in [pre\-trial detention](/wiki/Pre-trial_detention "Pre-trial detention"), he was sentenced to two years of [probation](/wiki/Probation "Probation") for "possessing weapons of war". He moved to [Dijon](/wiki/Dijon "Dijon"), where he was arrested again on 22 January 1851 for possession of weapons. On 27 March 1851, he was banned from teaching due to the publication of his educational programme. Following the [1851 French coup d'état](/wiki/1851_French_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat "1851 French coup d'état"), he fled into exile in [London](/wiki/London "London"), where he lived in poverty together with [Joseph Déjacque](/wiki/Joseph_D%C3%A9jacque "Joseph Déjacque"), with whom he established a [cooperative](/wiki/Cooperative "Cooperative") restaurant.
In 1853, Lefrançais returned to France, which was now under the rule of the [Second French Empire](/wiki/Second_French_Empire "Second French Empire"), and worked several jobs throughout the 1850s. He became involved in the [Scottish Rite](/wiki/Scottish_Rite "Scottish Rite") of [Freemasonry](/wiki/Freemasonry "Freemasonry") in 1863, but soon left the organisation, considering it to be "the most insipid and the most religious of charitable societies". He then returned to activism as a popular speaker at a number of [political clubs](/wiki/Political_club "Political club"), where he advocated for [collectivism](/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism "Collectivist anarchism") and the [abolition of marriage](/wiki/Criticism_of_marriage "Criticism of marriage") and [inheritance](/wiki/Inheritance "Inheritance"), for which he was imprisoned in 1869 and fined in 1870\.
During the [Siege of Paris](/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_%281870%E2%80%931871%29 "Siege of Paris (1870–1871)"), Lefrançais participated in the defence of the [4th arrondissement](/wiki/4th_arrondissement_of_Paris "4th arrondissement of Paris") and called for the [Government of National Defence](/wiki/Government_of_National_Defense "Government of National Defense") to ensure the supply of food and housing for the city's inhabitants. On 31 October 1870, he participated in a [food riot](/wiki/Food_riot "Food riot"), for which he was arrested and imprisoned for four months. While in prison, on 7 November, he was elected as the mayor of the [20th arrondissement of Paris](/wiki/20th_arrondissement_of_Paris "20th arrondissement of Paris"); he was also among the [revolutionary socialists](/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism "Revolutionary socialism") that were nominated by the [International Workingmen's Association](/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association "International Workingmen's Association") (IWA) for the [1871 French legislative election](/wiki/1871_French_legislative_election "1871 French legislative election"), but he was defeated. On 24 February 1871, he was [acquitted](/wiki/Acquittal "Acquittal") of the charges against him and released from prison. On 26 March, he was elected by the 4th arrondissement to the [council](/wiki/Commune_Council_%28Paris%29 "Commune Council (Paris)") of the [Paris Commune](/wiki/Paris_Commune "Paris Commune"); he was elected as the commune's president on 29 March and served on its executive committee, before joining its labour and trade committee on 3 April and finance committee on 21 April. In the final days of the commune, he fought on the barricades at the [Bastille](/wiki/Bastille "Bastille") and managed to escape after the commune's suppression. He was sentenced to death in absentia on 30 August 1872\.
Lefrançais fled to the Swiss city of [Geneva](/wiki/Geneva "Geneva"), where he hid under an assumed name and participated in the local section of the IWA. In the split between the [Marxists](/wiki/Marxism "Marxism") and [anti\-authoritarians](/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism "Anti-authoritarianism"), he sided with the latter, co\-founding the [Jura Federation](/wiki/Jura_Federation "Jura Federation") on 12 November 1871\. Together with other French socialists, including [Benoît Malon](/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Malon "Benoît Malon"), {{ill\|François\-Charles Ostyn\|fr}} and [Antoine Perrare](/wiki/Antoine_Perrare "Antoine Perrare"), he formed a propaganda committee for the anti\-authoritarian section and contributed to a number of anti\-authoritarian publications. He also chaired the [St. Imier Congress](/wiki/St._Imier_Congress "St. Imier Congress") in 1872 and spoke at the closing meeting of the Jura Federation in 1873\. During this time he supported himself by working a series of different jobs in Geneva: he worked as a clerk for a wine merchant, taught at a boarding school together with [Nikolay Zhukovsky](/wiki/Nikolay_Zhukovsky_%28revolutionary%29 "Nikolay Zhukovsky (revolutionary)") and assisted [Élisée Reclus](/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus "Élisée Reclus") in his geographical work. In July 1876, he was wounded in a [duel](/wiki/Duel "Duel") with {{ill\|Eugène Vermersch\|fr}}, after the latter had published a hit piece against {{ill\|François Jourde\|fr}}.
After the passage of a general amnesty for Communards in 1880, Lefrançais returned to Paris and resumed his political activism, criticising [universal suffrage](/wiki/Universal_suffrage "Universal suffrage") as insufficient without [representative recall](/wiki/Recall_election "Recall election"). In the [1889 French legislative election](/wiki/1889_French_legislative_election "1889 French legislative election"), he stood as a [protest candidate](/wiki/Protest_vote "Protest vote") in the [18th arrondissement of Paris](/wiki/18th_arrondissement_of_Paris "18th arrondissement of Paris"), but received only 68 votes. In 1897, he came down with [paralysis](/wiki/Paralysis "Paralysis"), but managed to recover. On 19 July 1898, he took over management of the newspaper *[L'Aurore](/wiki/L%27Aurore "L'Aurore")*, but after receiving a fine for his publications in the paper the following year, he resigned on 14 June 1899\. He was cared for by his granddaughter during the last years of his life, which he spent in the [14th arrondissement of Paris](/wiki/14th_arrondissement_of_Paris "14th arrondissement of Paris"). Gustave Adolphe Lefrançais died on 16 May 1901 and his body was cremated at [Père Lachaise Cemetery](/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Lachaise_Cemetery "Père Lachaise Cemetery") three days later. In his will, he expressed a sustained commitment to his revolutionary socialist and anti\-authoritarian ideals.
|
[
"Biography\n---------",
"Gustave Adolphe Lefrançais was born on 30 January 1826, in [Angers](/wiki/Angers \"Angers\"), the son of a workshop head at the local [Arts et Métiers school](/wiki/Arts_et_M%C3%A9tiers_ParisTech \"Arts et Métiers ParisTech\"). Lefrançais moved to [Paris](/wiki/Paris \"Paris\") at the age of 10; in 1842, he enrolled in the [École Normale Primaire](/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Primaire \"École Normale Primaire\") in [Versailles](/wiki/Versailles \"Versailles\"), from which he graduated in 1844\\. During his time at the École Normale, Lefrançais' schoolmaster influenced him to adopt a [revolutionary](/wiki/Revolutionary \"Revolutionary\") political ideology, which caused him difficulty when he attempted to find work as a [teacher](/wiki/Teacher \"Teacher\"). After working in a number of Parisian schools, in February 1846, he received a job at a school in [Seine\\-et\\-Oise](/wiki/Seine-et-Oise \"Seine-et-Oise\"), but he was forced out of his position after five months due to hostility from a local priest. He worked as a builder until the outbreak of the [French Revolution of 1848](/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848 \"French Revolution of 1848\"), which he participated in.{{Cite encyclopedia \\|title\\=LEFRANÇOIS Gustave, Adolphe, dit Gustave Lefrançais \\|date\\=2020\\-02\\-03 \\|orig\\-date\\=2009\\-02\\-20 \\|url\\=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article33693 \\|language\\=fr \\|publisher\\=Maitron/Editions de l'Atelier \\|encyclopedia\\=\\[\\[Le Maitron]] \\|location\\=Paris \\|df\\=dmy\\-all }}",
"After the revolution, Lefrançais joined the Association of Socialist Teachers. Together with his colleagues [Pauline Roland](/wiki/Pauline_Roland \"Pauline Roland\") and [Jeanne Deroin](/wiki/Jeanne_Deroin \"Jeanne Deroin\"), he published a programme for [progressive education](/wiki/Progressive_education \"Progressive education\"), which attracted the attention of the French authorities. He was arrested and, after three months in [pre\\-trial detention](/wiki/Pre-trial_detention \"Pre-trial detention\"), he was sentenced to two years of [probation](/wiki/Probation \"Probation\") for \"possessing weapons of war\". He moved to [Dijon](/wiki/Dijon \"Dijon\"), where he was arrested again on 22 January 1851 for possession of weapons. On 27 March 1851, he was banned from teaching due to the publication of his educational programme. Following the [1851 French coup d'état](/wiki/1851_French_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat \"1851 French coup d'état\"), he fled into exile in [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), where he lived in poverty together with [Joseph Déjacque](/wiki/Joseph_D%C3%A9jacque \"Joseph Déjacque\"), with whom he established a [cooperative](/wiki/Cooperative \"Cooperative\") restaurant.",
"In 1853, Lefrançais returned to France, which was now under the rule of the [Second French Empire](/wiki/Second_French_Empire \"Second French Empire\"), and worked several jobs throughout the 1850s. He became involved in the [Scottish Rite](/wiki/Scottish_Rite \"Scottish Rite\") of [Freemasonry](/wiki/Freemasonry \"Freemasonry\") in 1863, but soon left the organisation, considering it to be \"the most insipid and the most religious of charitable societies\". He then returned to activism as a popular speaker at a number of [political clubs](/wiki/Political_club \"Political club\"), where he advocated for [collectivism](/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism \"Collectivist anarchism\") and the [abolition of marriage](/wiki/Criticism_of_marriage \"Criticism of marriage\") and [inheritance](/wiki/Inheritance \"Inheritance\"), for which he was imprisoned in 1869 and fined in 1870\\.",
"During the [Siege of Paris](/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_%281870%E2%80%931871%29 \"Siege of Paris (1870–1871)\"), Lefrançais participated in the defence of the [4th arrondissement](/wiki/4th_arrondissement_of_Paris \"4th arrondissement of Paris\") and called for the [Government of National Defence](/wiki/Government_of_National_Defense \"Government of National Defense\") to ensure the supply of food and housing for the city's inhabitants. On 31 October 1870, he participated in a [food riot](/wiki/Food_riot \"Food riot\"), for which he was arrested and imprisoned for four months. While in prison, on 7 November, he was elected as the mayor of the [20th arrondissement of Paris](/wiki/20th_arrondissement_of_Paris \"20th arrondissement of Paris\"); he was also among the [revolutionary socialists](/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism \"Revolutionary socialism\") that were nominated by the [International Workingmen's Association](/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association \"International Workingmen's Association\") (IWA) for the [1871 French legislative election](/wiki/1871_French_legislative_election \"1871 French legislative election\"), but he was defeated. On 24 February 1871, he was [acquitted](/wiki/Acquittal \"Acquittal\") of the charges against him and released from prison. On 26 March, he was elected by the 4th arrondissement to the [council](/wiki/Commune_Council_%28Paris%29 \"Commune Council (Paris)\") of the [Paris Commune](/wiki/Paris_Commune \"Paris Commune\"); he was elected as the commune's president on 29 March and served on its executive committee, before joining its labour and trade committee on 3 April and finance committee on 21 April. In the final days of the commune, he fought on the barricades at the [Bastille](/wiki/Bastille \"Bastille\") and managed to escape after the commune's suppression. He was sentenced to death in absentia on 30 August 1872\\.",
"Lefrançais fled to the Swiss city of [Geneva](/wiki/Geneva \"Geneva\"), where he hid under an assumed name and participated in the local section of the IWA. In the split between the [Marxists](/wiki/Marxism \"Marxism\") and [anti\\-authoritarians](/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism \"Anti-authoritarianism\"), he sided with the latter, co\\-founding the [Jura Federation](/wiki/Jura_Federation \"Jura Federation\") on 12 November 1871\\. Together with other French socialists, including [Benoît Malon](/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Malon \"Benoît Malon\"), {{ill\\|François\\-Charles Ostyn\\|fr}} and [Antoine Perrare](/wiki/Antoine_Perrare \"Antoine Perrare\"), he formed a propaganda committee for the anti\\-authoritarian section and contributed to a number of anti\\-authoritarian publications. He also chaired the [St. Imier Congress](/wiki/St._Imier_Congress \"St. Imier Congress\") in 1872 and spoke at the closing meeting of the Jura Federation in 1873\\. During this time he supported himself by working a series of different jobs in Geneva: he worked as a clerk for a wine merchant, taught at a boarding school together with [Nikolay Zhukovsky](/wiki/Nikolay_Zhukovsky_%28revolutionary%29 \"Nikolay Zhukovsky (revolutionary)\") and assisted [Élisée Reclus](/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus \"Élisée Reclus\") in his geographical work. In July 1876, he was wounded in a [duel](/wiki/Duel \"Duel\") with {{ill\\|Eugène Vermersch\\|fr}}, after the latter had published a hit piece against {{ill\\|François Jourde\\|fr}}.",
"After the passage of a general amnesty for Communards in 1880, Lefrançais returned to Paris and resumed his political activism, criticising [universal suffrage](/wiki/Universal_suffrage \"Universal suffrage\") as insufficient without [representative recall](/wiki/Recall_election \"Recall election\"). In the [1889 French legislative election](/wiki/1889_French_legislative_election \"1889 French legislative election\"), he stood as a [protest candidate](/wiki/Protest_vote \"Protest vote\") in the [18th arrondissement of Paris](/wiki/18th_arrondissement_of_Paris \"18th arrondissement of Paris\"), but received only 68 votes. In 1897, he came down with [paralysis](/wiki/Paralysis \"Paralysis\"), but managed to recover. On 19 July 1898, he took over management of the newspaper *[L'Aurore](/wiki/L%27Aurore \"L'Aurore\")*, but after receiving a fine for his publications in the paper the following year, he resigned on 14 June 1899\\. He was cared for by his granddaughter during the last years of his life, which he spent in the [14th arrondissement of Paris](/wiki/14th_arrondissement_of_Paris \"14th arrondissement of Paris\"). Gustave Adolphe Lefrançais died on 16 May 1901 and his body was cremated at [Père Lachaise Cemetery](/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Lachaise_Cemetery \"Père Lachaise Cemetery\") three days later. In his will, he expressed a sustained commitment to his revolutionary socialist and anti\\-authoritarian ideals.",
""
] |
Career
------
### Early work and theatre
[thumb\|Brennan in 1990](/wiki/File:Eileen_Brennan_1990.jpg "Eileen Brennan 1990.jpg")
Brennan began her acting career while attending university, appearing in Georgetown's stage productions of *[Arsenic and Old Lace](/wiki/Arsenic_and_Old_Lace_%28play%29 "Arsenic and Old Lace (play)")*. Her exceptional comic skills and romantic [soprano](/wiki/Soprano "Soprano") voice propelled her from unknown to star in the title role of Rick Besoyan's [off\-Broadway](/wiki/Off-Broadway "Off-Broadway") tongue\-in\-cheek musical/operetta *[Little Mary Sunshine](/wiki/Little_Mary_Sunshine "Little Mary Sunshine")* (1959\), earning Brennan an [Obie Award](/wiki/Obie_Award_for_Distinguished_Performance_by_an_Actress "Obie Award for Distinguished Performance by an Actress"), and its unofficial sequel *The Student Gypsy* (1963\), on [Broadway](/wiki/Broadway_theatre "Broadway theatre").{{Sfn\|Dietz\|2014\|p\=190}}
She played Annie Sullivan in *[The Miracle Worker](/wiki/The_Miracle_Worker "The Miracle Worker")* at the 1961 Central City Opera Summer Festival in Central City, Colorado directed by [Arthur Penn](/wiki/Arthur_Penn "Arthur Penn"), who had just won a Tony for his direction of the play on Broadway.Program, 30th Anniversary Central City Festival, *The Miracle Worker* by William Gibson. (1961\). She went on to create the role of Irene Molloy in the original Broadway production of *[Hello, Dolly!](/wiki/Hello%2C_Dolly%21_%28musical%29 "Hello, Dolly! (musical)")* (1964\).{{cite web\| url\=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/participant.jsp?spid\=21796\| title\=Eileen Brennan: Biography\| publisher\=\[\[Turner Classic Movies]]\| access\-date\=September 22, 2015}}
Brennan's work in theatre attracted attention from television producers in California. [Carl Reiner](/wiki/Carl_Reiner "Carl Reiner"), who was seeking an actress to play the role of Laura Petrie on *[The Dick Van Dyke Show](/wiki/The_Dick_Van_Dyke_Show "The Dick Van Dyke Show")*, flew her from New York to Los Angeles to audition for the part; however, the role was given to [Mary Tyler Moore](/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore "Mary Tyler Moore").{{Sfn\|Waldron\|2011\|pages\=68–70}}
### Transition to film
Her feature\-film debut was in *[Divorce American Style](/wiki/Divorce_American_Style "Divorce American Style")* (1967\). She soon became one of the most recognizable supporting actresses in film and television. She usually played sympathetic characters, though she played a variety of other character types, including earthy, vulgar and sassy, but occasionally "with a heart of gold". A year after her feature\-film debut, she became a semi\-regular on the comedy\-variety show *[Rowan \& Martin's Laugh\-In](/wiki/Rowan_%26_Martin%27s_Laugh-In "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In")*, but stayed for only two months. Brennan also appeared in the *[Barnaby Jones](/wiki/Barnaby_Jones "Barnaby Jones")* episode titled "Blood Relations" (1975\).
Brennan became a favorite of a number of directors, in particular [Peter Bogdanovich](/wiki/Peter_Bogdanovich "Peter Bogdanovich"). She appeared in Bogdanovich's drama *The Last Picture Show* as Genevieve (1971\), for which she received a BAFTA nomination for best supporting actress.{{cite journal\|journal\=Films in Review\|volume\=37\|page\=21\|year\=1986\|publisher\=Then and There Media, LCC\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=Ah1CAQAAIAAJ\&q\=Eileen\+Brennan,\+as\+Genevieve,\+the\+waitress,\+has\+echoes\+of\+man\|title\=The Last Picture Show (1971\)}}
In 1972, Brennan appeared in an *[All in the Family](/wiki/All_in_the_Family "All in the Family")* episode, "The Elevator Story" (1972\), as Angelique McCarthy, followed by a role as brothel madam Billie in [George Roy Hill](/wiki/George_Roy_Hill "George Roy Hill")'s Academy Award\-winning film *[The Sting](/wiki/The_Sting "The Sting")* (1973\) as the confidante of con man Henry Gondorf ([Paul Newman](/wiki/Paul_Newman "Paul Newman")). In 1974, she reunited with director Bogdanovich, appearing in his adaptation of the [Henry James](/wiki/Henry_James "Henry James") novella *[Daisy Miller](/wiki/Daisy_Miller_%28film%29 "Daisy Miller (film)")*. Bogdanovich was the only director who made use of her musical talents (save for The Cheap Detective; and she sang in performances off Broadway) when he cast her as [Cybill Shepherd](/wiki/Cybill_Shepherd "Cybill Shepherd")'s crude, fun\-loving maid in his musical flop *[At Long Last Love](/wiki/At_Long_Last_Love "At Long Last Love")* (1975\) (which also starred [Madeline Kahn](/wiki/Madeline_Kahn "Madeline Kahn"); Brennan and Kahn worked together in two more films: *[The Cheap Detective](/wiki/The_Cheap_Detective "The Cheap Detective")* and *Clue*).
Brennan also worked with director [Robert Moore](/wiki/Robert_Moore_%28director%29 "Robert Moore (director)") and writer [Neil Simon](/wiki/Neil_Simon "Neil Simon"), appearing in *[Murder by Death](/wiki/Murder_by_Death "Murder by Death")* as Tess Skeffington (1976\) and also appearing in *[The Cheap Detective](/wiki/The_Cheap_Detective "The Cheap Detective")* (1978\). Both of these movies also starred [James Coco](/wiki/James_Coco "James Coco"), [James Cromwell](/wiki/James_Cromwell "James Cromwell") and [Peter Falk](/wiki/Peter_Falk "Peter Falk"). She had a starring role, playing the disc jockey Mother in the film *[FM](/wiki/FM_%28film%29 "FM (film)")* (1978\), a comedy\-drama about life at a rock\-music radio station.
In 1980, Brennan received a [Best Supporting Actress](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress") [Oscar](/wiki/Academy_Awards "Academy Awards") nomination for her role as [Goldie Hawn](/wiki/Goldie_Hawn "Goldie Hawn")'s nasty commanding officer in *[Private Benjamin](/wiki/Private_Benjamin_%281980_film%29 "Private Benjamin (1980 film)")*. She reprised the role in [the television adaptation](/wiki/Private_Benjamin_%28TV_series%29 "Private Benjamin (TV series)") (1981–1983\), for which she won an Emmy (supporting actress) as well as a Golden Globe (lead actress). She had one additional Golden Globe nomination and six Emmy nominations. Brennan received an Emmy nomination for her guest\-star role in the *[Taxi](/wiki/Taxi_%28TV_series%29 "Taxi (TV series)")* episode "Thy Boss's Wife" (1981\).
In 1985, Brennan portrayed the iconic Mrs. Peacock in the Paramount Pictures adaptation of *[Clue](/wiki/Clue_%28film%29 "Clue (film)")*.
### Later roles
Brennan guest\-starred on two *[Murder, She Wrote](/wiki/Murder%2C_She_Wrote "Murder, She Wrote")* episodes, "Old Habits Die Hard" (1987\) and "Dear Deadly" (1994\), and in 1987, she also appeared in the *[Magnum, P.I.](/wiki/Magnum%2C_P.I. "Magnum, P.I.")* episode "The Love That Lies". In the 1990s, she appeared in *[Stella](/wiki/Stella_%281990_film%29 "Stella (1990 film)")* with [Bette Midler](/wiki/Bette_Midler "Bette Midler"), Bogdanovich's *[Texasville](/wiki/Texasville "Texasville")* (the sequel to *The Last Picture Show*), and *[Reckless](/wiki/Reckless_%281995_film%29 "Reckless (1995 film)")*. She had a recurring role on the sitcom *[Blossom](/wiki/Blossom_%28TV_series%29 "Blossom (TV series)")* as the neighbor/confidante of the title character. She also appeared opposite [Vincent D'Onofrio](/wiki/Vincent_D%27Onofrio "Vincent D'Onofrio") in a segment of *[Boys Life 2](/wiki/Boys_Life_2 "Boys Life 2")*, an anthology film about gay men in America.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Polished\-but\-uneven\-Boys\-Life\-2\-3131960\.php\|work\=SF Gate\|title\=Polished but uneven "Boys Life 2'\|first\=David\|last\=Armstrong\|date\=March 7, 1997\|access\-date\=March 7, 2017}}
In 2001, she made a brief appearance in the horror movie *[Jeepers Creepers](/wiki/Jeepers_Creepers_%282001_film%29 "Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)")*, and the following year starred in the [dark comedy](/wiki/Dark_comedy "Dark comedy") film *[Comic Book Villains](/wiki/Comic_Book_Villains "Comic Book Villains")*, with [DJ Qualls](/wiki/DJ_Qualls "DJ Qualls"). In recent years, Brennan had guest\-starred in television, including recurring roles as the nosy Mrs. Bink on *[7th Heaven](/wiki/7th_Heaven_%28TV_series%29 "7th Heaven (TV series)")* and as gruff\-acting coach Zandra on *[Will \& Grace](/wiki/Will_%26_Grace "Will & Grace")*. In 2003, director [Shawn Levy](/wiki/Shawn_Levy "Shawn Levy") cast her in a cameo role of a babysitter to [Steve Martin](/wiki/Steve_Martin "Steve Martin") and [Bonnie Hunt](/wiki/Bonnie_Hunt "Bonnie Hunt")'s children in an updated remake of *[Cheaper by the Dozen](/wiki/Cheaper_by_the_Dozen_%282003_film%29 "Cheaper by the Dozen (2003 film)")*. Levy was inspired to cast Brennan after seeing *Private Benjamin* on television. However, Brennan's cameo was deleted from the actual cut of the movie. Nonetheless, she did receive credit for her role on the deleted scenes special feature of the film's DVD. In 2004, she appeared in the horror film *[The Hollow](/wiki/The_Hollow_%282004_film%29 "The Hollow (2004 film)")* as Joan Van Etten. That same year, Brennan was nominated for an Emmy for her performance as Zandra,{{cite web\|url\=http://www.emmys.com/celebrities/eileen\-brennan\|title\=Eileen Brennan\|publisher\=Television Academy\|access\-date\=April 7, 2014}} [Jack McFarland](/wiki/Jack_McFarland "Jack McFarland")'s caustic drama teacher, on *Will \& Grace*.
|
[
"Career\n------",
"### Early work and theatre",
"[thumb\\|Brennan in 1990](/wiki/File:Eileen_Brennan_1990.jpg \"Eileen Brennan 1990.jpg\")\nBrennan began her acting career while attending university, appearing in Georgetown's stage productions of *[Arsenic and Old Lace](/wiki/Arsenic_and_Old_Lace_%28play%29 \"Arsenic and Old Lace (play)\")*. Her exceptional comic skills and romantic [soprano](/wiki/Soprano \"Soprano\") voice propelled her from unknown to star in the title role of Rick Besoyan's [off\\-Broadway](/wiki/Off-Broadway \"Off-Broadway\") tongue\\-in\\-cheek musical/operetta *[Little Mary Sunshine](/wiki/Little_Mary_Sunshine \"Little Mary Sunshine\")* (1959\\), earning Brennan an [Obie Award](/wiki/Obie_Award_for_Distinguished_Performance_by_an_Actress \"Obie Award for Distinguished Performance by an Actress\"), and its unofficial sequel *The Student Gypsy* (1963\\), on [Broadway](/wiki/Broadway_theatre \"Broadway theatre\").{{Sfn\\|Dietz\\|2014\\|p\\=190}}",
"She played Annie Sullivan in *[The Miracle Worker](/wiki/The_Miracle_Worker \"The Miracle Worker\")* at the 1961 Central City Opera Summer Festival in Central City, Colorado directed by [Arthur Penn](/wiki/Arthur_Penn \"Arthur Penn\"), who had just won a Tony for his direction of the play on Broadway.Program, 30th Anniversary Central City Festival, *The Miracle Worker* by William Gibson. (1961\\). She went on to create the role of Irene Molloy in the original Broadway production of *[Hello, Dolly!](/wiki/Hello%2C_Dolly%21_%28musical%29 \"Hello, Dolly! (musical)\")* (1964\\).{{cite web\\| url\\=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/participant.jsp?spid\\=21796\\| title\\=Eileen Brennan: Biography\\| publisher\\=\\[\\[Turner Classic Movies]]\\| access\\-date\\=September 22, 2015}}",
"Brennan's work in theatre attracted attention from television producers in California. [Carl Reiner](/wiki/Carl_Reiner \"Carl Reiner\"), who was seeking an actress to play the role of Laura Petrie on *[The Dick Van Dyke Show](/wiki/The_Dick_Van_Dyke_Show \"The Dick Van Dyke Show\")*, flew her from New York to Los Angeles to audition for the part; however, the role was given to [Mary Tyler Moore](/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore \"Mary Tyler Moore\").{{Sfn\\|Waldron\\|2011\\|pages\\=68–70}}",
"### Transition to film",
"Her feature\\-film debut was in *[Divorce American Style](/wiki/Divorce_American_Style \"Divorce American Style\")* (1967\\). She soon became one of the most recognizable supporting actresses in film and television. She usually played sympathetic characters, though she played a variety of other character types, including earthy, vulgar and sassy, but occasionally \"with a heart of gold\". A year after her feature\\-film debut, she became a semi\\-regular on the comedy\\-variety show *[Rowan \\& Martin's Laugh\\-In](/wiki/Rowan_%26_Martin%27s_Laugh-In \"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\")*, but stayed for only two months. Brennan also appeared in the *[Barnaby Jones](/wiki/Barnaby_Jones \"Barnaby Jones\")* episode titled \"Blood Relations\" (1975\\).",
"Brennan became a favorite of a number of directors, in particular [Peter Bogdanovich](/wiki/Peter_Bogdanovich \"Peter Bogdanovich\"). She appeared in Bogdanovich's drama *The Last Picture Show* as Genevieve (1971\\), for which she received a BAFTA nomination for best supporting actress.{{cite journal\\|journal\\=Films in Review\\|volume\\=37\\|page\\=21\\|year\\=1986\\|publisher\\=Then and There Media, LCC\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=Ah1CAQAAIAAJ\\&q\\=Eileen\\+Brennan,\\+as\\+Genevieve,\\+the\\+waitress,\\+has\\+echoes\\+of\\+man\\|title\\=The Last Picture Show (1971\\)}}",
"In 1972, Brennan appeared in an *[All in the Family](/wiki/All_in_the_Family \"All in the Family\")* episode, \"The Elevator Story\" (1972\\), as Angelique McCarthy, followed by a role as brothel madam Billie in [George Roy Hill](/wiki/George_Roy_Hill \"George Roy Hill\")'s Academy Award\\-winning film *[The Sting](/wiki/The_Sting \"The Sting\")* (1973\\) as the confidante of con man Henry Gondorf ([Paul Newman](/wiki/Paul_Newman \"Paul Newman\")). In 1974, she reunited with director Bogdanovich, appearing in his adaptation of the [Henry James](/wiki/Henry_James \"Henry James\") novella *[Daisy Miller](/wiki/Daisy_Miller_%28film%29 \"Daisy Miller (film)\")*. Bogdanovich was the only director who made use of her musical talents (save for The Cheap Detective; and she sang in performances off Broadway) when he cast her as [Cybill Shepherd](/wiki/Cybill_Shepherd \"Cybill Shepherd\")'s crude, fun\\-loving maid in his musical flop *[At Long Last Love](/wiki/At_Long_Last_Love \"At Long Last Love\")* (1975\\) (which also starred [Madeline Kahn](/wiki/Madeline_Kahn \"Madeline Kahn\"); Brennan and Kahn worked together in two more films: *[The Cheap Detective](/wiki/The_Cheap_Detective \"The Cheap Detective\")* and *Clue*).",
"Brennan also worked with director [Robert Moore](/wiki/Robert_Moore_%28director%29 \"Robert Moore (director)\") and writer [Neil Simon](/wiki/Neil_Simon \"Neil Simon\"), appearing in *[Murder by Death](/wiki/Murder_by_Death \"Murder by Death\")* as Tess Skeffington (1976\\) and also appearing in *[The Cheap Detective](/wiki/The_Cheap_Detective \"The Cheap Detective\")* (1978\\). Both of these movies also starred [James Coco](/wiki/James_Coco \"James Coco\"), [James Cromwell](/wiki/James_Cromwell \"James Cromwell\") and [Peter Falk](/wiki/Peter_Falk \"Peter Falk\"). She had a starring role, playing the disc jockey Mother in the film *[FM](/wiki/FM_%28film%29 \"FM (film)\")* (1978\\), a comedy\\-drama about life at a rock\\-music radio station.",
"In 1980, Brennan received a [Best Supporting Actress](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress \"Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress\") [Oscar](/wiki/Academy_Awards \"Academy Awards\") nomination for her role as [Goldie Hawn](/wiki/Goldie_Hawn \"Goldie Hawn\")'s nasty commanding officer in *[Private Benjamin](/wiki/Private_Benjamin_%281980_film%29 \"Private Benjamin (1980 film)\")*. She reprised the role in [the television adaptation](/wiki/Private_Benjamin_%28TV_series%29 \"Private Benjamin (TV series)\") (1981–1983\\), for which she won an Emmy (supporting actress) as well as a Golden Globe (lead actress). She had one additional Golden Globe nomination and six Emmy nominations. Brennan received an Emmy nomination for her guest\\-star role in the *[Taxi](/wiki/Taxi_%28TV_series%29 \"Taxi (TV series)\")* episode \"Thy Boss's Wife\" (1981\\).",
"In 1985, Brennan portrayed the iconic Mrs. Peacock in the Paramount Pictures adaptation of *[Clue](/wiki/Clue_%28film%29 \"Clue (film)\")*.",
"### Later roles",
"Brennan guest\\-starred on two *[Murder, She Wrote](/wiki/Murder%2C_She_Wrote \"Murder, She Wrote\")* episodes, \"Old Habits Die Hard\" (1987\\) and \"Dear Deadly\" (1994\\), and in 1987, she also appeared in the *[Magnum, P.I.](/wiki/Magnum%2C_P.I. \"Magnum, P.I.\")* episode \"The Love That Lies\". In the 1990s, she appeared in *[Stella](/wiki/Stella_%281990_film%29 \"Stella (1990 film)\")* with [Bette Midler](/wiki/Bette_Midler \"Bette Midler\"), Bogdanovich's *[Texasville](/wiki/Texasville \"Texasville\")* (the sequel to *The Last Picture Show*), and *[Reckless](/wiki/Reckless_%281995_film%29 \"Reckless (1995 film)\")*. She had a recurring role on the sitcom *[Blossom](/wiki/Blossom_%28TV_series%29 \"Blossom (TV series)\")* as the neighbor/confidante of the title character. She also appeared opposite [Vincent D'Onofrio](/wiki/Vincent_D%27Onofrio \"Vincent D'Onofrio\") in a segment of *[Boys Life 2](/wiki/Boys_Life_2 \"Boys Life 2\")*, an anthology film about gay men in America.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Polished\\-but\\-uneven\\-Boys\\-Life\\-2\\-3131960\\.php\\|work\\=SF Gate\\|title\\=Polished but uneven \"Boys Life 2'\\|first\\=David\\|last\\=Armstrong\\|date\\=March 7, 1997\\|access\\-date\\=March 7, 2017}}",
"In 2001, she made a brief appearance in the horror movie *[Jeepers Creepers](/wiki/Jeepers_Creepers_%282001_film%29 \"Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)\")*, and the following year starred in the [dark comedy](/wiki/Dark_comedy \"Dark comedy\") film *[Comic Book Villains](/wiki/Comic_Book_Villains \"Comic Book Villains\")*, with [DJ Qualls](/wiki/DJ_Qualls \"DJ Qualls\"). In recent years, Brennan had guest\\-starred in television, including recurring roles as the nosy Mrs. Bink on *[7th Heaven](/wiki/7th_Heaven_%28TV_series%29 \"7th Heaven (TV series)\")* and as gruff\\-acting coach Zandra on *[Will \\& Grace](/wiki/Will_%26_Grace \"Will & Grace\")*. In 2003, director [Shawn Levy](/wiki/Shawn_Levy \"Shawn Levy\") cast her in a cameo role of a babysitter to [Steve Martin](/wiki/Steve_Martin \"Steve Martin\") and [Bonnie Hunt](/wiki/Bonnie_Hunt \"Bonnie Hunt\")'s children in an updated remake of *[Cheaper by the Dozen](/wiki/Cheaper_by_the_Dozen_%282003_film%29 \"Cheaper by the Dozen (2003 film)\")*. Levy was inspired to cast Brennan after seeing *Private Benjamin* on television. However, Brennan's cameo was deleted from the actual cut of the movie. Nonetheless, she did receive credit for her role on the deleted scenes special feature of the film's DVD. In 2004, she appeared in the horror film *[The Hollow](/wiki/The_Hollow_%282004_film%29 \"The Hollow (2004 film)\")* as Joan Van Etten. That same year, Brennan was nominated for an Emmy for her performance as Zandra,{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.emmys.com/celebrities/eileen\\-brennan\\|title\\=Eileen Brennan\\|publisher\\=Television Academy\\|access\\-date\\=April 7, 2014}} [Jack McFarland](/wiki/Jack_McFarland \"Jack McFarland\")'s caustic drama teacher, on *Will \\& Grace*.",
""
] |
### Transition to film
Her feature\-film debut was in *[Divorce American Style](/wiki/Divorce_American_Style "Divorce American Style")* (1967\). She soon became one of the most recognizable supporting actresses in film and television. She usually played sympathetic characters, though she played a variety of other character types, including earthy, vulgar and sassy, but occasionally "with a heart of gold". A year after her feature\-film debut, she became a semi\-regular on the comedy\-variety show *[Rowan \& Martin's Laugh\-In](/wiki/Rowan_%26_Martin%27s_Laugh-In "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In")*, but stayed for only two months. Brennan also appeared in the *[Barnaby Jones](/wiki/Barnaby_Jones "Barnaby Jones")* episode titled "Blood Relations" (1975\).
Brennan became a favorite of a number of directors, in particular [Peter Bogdanovich](/wiki/Peter_Bogdanovich "Peter Bogdanovich"). She appeared in Bogdanovich's drama *The Last Picture Show* as Genevieve (1971\), for which she received a BAFTA nomination for best supporting actress.{{cite journal\|journal\=Films in Review\|volume\=37\|page\=21\|year\=1986\|publisher\=Then and There Media, LCC\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=Ah1CAQAAIAAJ\&q\=Eileen\+Brennan,\+as\+Genevieve,\+the\+waitress,\+has\+echoes\+of\+man\|title\=The Last Picture Show (1971\)}}
In 1972, Brennan appeared in an *[All in the Family](/wiki/All_in_the_Family "All in the Family")* episode, "The Elevator Story" (1972\), as Angelique McCarthy, followed by a role as brothel madam Billie in [George Roy Hill](/wiki/George_Roy_Hill "George Roy Hill")'s Academy Award\-winning film *[The Sting](/wiki/The_Sting "The Sting")* (1973\) as the confidante of con man Henry Gondorf ([Paul Newman](/wiki/Paul_Newman "Paul Newman")). In 1974, she reunited with director Bogdanovich, appearing in his adaptation of the [Henry James](/wiki/Henry_James "Henry James") novella *[Daisy Miller](/wiki/Daisy_Miller_%28film%29 "Daisy Miller (film)")*. Bogdanovich was the only director who made use of her musical talents (save for The Cheap Detective; and she sang in performances off Broadway) when he cast her as [Cybill Shepherd](/wiki/Cybill_Shepherd "Cybill Shepherd")'s crude, fun\-loving maid in his musical flop *[At Long Last Love](/wiki/At_Long_Last_Love "At Long Last Love")* (1975\) (which also starred [Madeline Kahn](/wiki/Madeline_Kahn "Madeline Kahn"); Brennan and Kahn worked together in two more films: *[The Cheap Detective](/wiki/The_Cheap_Detective "The Cheap Detective")* and *Clue*).
Brennan also worked with director [Robert Moore](/wiki/Robert_Moore_%28director%29 "Robert Moore (director)") and writer [Neil Simon](/wiki/Neil_Simon "Neil Simon"), appearing in *[Murder by Death](/wiki/Murder_by_Death "Murder by Death")* as Tess Skeffington (1976\) and also appearing in *[The Cheap Detective](/wiki/The_Cheap_Detective "The Cheap Detective")* (1978\). Both of these movies also starred [James Coco](/wiki/James_Coco "James Coco"), [James Cromwell](/wiki/James_Cromwell "James Cromwell") and [Peter Falk](/wiki/Peter_Falk "Peter Falk"). She had a starring role, playing the disc jockey Mother in the film *[FM](/wiki/FM_%28film%29 "FM (film)")* (1978\), a comedy\-drama about life at a rock\-music radio station.
In 1980, Brennan received a [Best Supporting Actress](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress") [Oscar](/wiki/Academy_Awards "Academy Awards") nomination for her role as [Goldie Hawn](/wiki/Goldie_Hawn "Goldie Hawn")'s nasty commanding officer in *[Private Benjamin](/wiki/Private_Benjamin_%281980_film%29 "Private Benjamin (1980 film)")*. She reprised the role in [the television adaptation](/wiki/Private_Benjamin_%28TV_series%29 "Private Benjamin (TV series)") (1981–1983\), for which she won an Emmy (supporting actress) as well as a Golden Globe (lead actress). She had one additional Golden Globe nomination and six Emmy nominations. Brennan received an Emmy nomination for her guest\-star role in the *[Taxi](/wiki/Taxi_%28TV_series%29 "Taxi (TV series)")* episode "Thy Boss's Wife" (1981\).
In 1985, Brennan portrayed the iconic Mrs. Peacock in the Paramount Pictures adaptation of *[Clue](/wiki/Clue_%28film%29 "Clue (film)")*.
|
[
"### Transition to film",
"Her feature\\-film debut was in *[Divorce American Style](/wiki/Divorce_American_Style \"Divorce American Style\")* (1967\\). She soon became one of the most recognizable supporting actresses in film and television. She usually played sympathetic characters, though she played a variety of other character types, including earthy, vulgar and sassy, but occasionally \"with a heart of gold\". A year after her feature\\-film debut, she became a semi\\-regular on the comedy\\-variety show *[Rowan \\& Martin's Laugh\\-In](/wiki/Rowan_%26_Martin%27s_Laugh-In \"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\")*, but stayed for only two months. Brennan also appeared in the *[Barnaby Jones](/wiki/Barnaby_Jones \"Barnaby Jones\")* episode titled \"Blood Relations\" (1975\\).",
"Brennan became a favorite of a number of directors, in particular [Peter Bogdanovich](/wiki/Peter_Bogdanovich \"Peter Bogdanovich\"). She appeared in Bogdanovich's drama *The Last Picture Show* as Genevieve (1971\\), for which she received a BAFTA nomination for best supporting actress.{{cite journal\\|journal\\=Films in Review\\|volume\\=37\\|page\\=21\\|year\\=1986\\|publisher\\=Then and There Media, LCC\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=Ah1CAQAAIAAJ\\&q\\=Eileen\\+Brennan,\\+as\\+Genevieve,\\+the\\+waitress,\\+has\\+echoes\\+of\\+man\\|title\\=The Last Picture Show (1971\\)}}",
"In 1972, Brennan appeared in an *[All in the Family](/wiki/All_in_the_Family \"All in the Family\")* episode, \"The Elevator Story\" (1972\\), as Angelique McCarthy, followed by a role as brothel madam Billie in [George Roy Hill](/wiki/George_Roy_Hill \"George Roy Hill\")'s Academy Award\\-winning film *[The Sting](/wiki/The_Sting \"The Sting\")* (1973\\) as the confidante of con man Henry Gondorf ([Paul Newman](/wiki/Paul_Newman \"Paul Newman\")). In 1974, she reunited with director Bogdanovich, appearing in his adaptation of the [Henry James](/wiki/Henry_James \"Henry James\") novella *[Daisy Miller](/wiki/Daisy_Miller_%28film%29 \"Daisy Miller (film)\")*. Bogdanovich was the only director who made use of her musical talents (save for The Cheap Detective; and she sang in performances off Broadway) when he cast her as [Cybill Shepherd](/wiki/Cybill_Shepherd \"Cybill Shepherd\")'s crude, fun\\-loving maid in his musical flop *[At Long Last Love](/wiki/At_Long_Last_Love \"At Long Last Love\")* (1975\\) (which also starred [Madeline Kahn](/wiki/Madeline_Kahn \"Madeline Kahn\"); Brennan and Kahn worked together in two more films: *[The Cheap Detective](/wiki/The_Cheap_Detective \"The Cheap Detective\")* and *Clue*).",
"Brennan also worked with director [Robert Moore](/wiki/Robert_Moore_%28director%29 \"Robert Moore (director)\") and writer [Neil Simon](/wiki/Neil_Simon \"Neil Simon\"), appearing in *[Murder by Death](/wiki/Murder_by_Death \"Murder by Death\")* as Tess Skeffington (1976\\) and also appearing in *[The Cheap Detective](/wiki/The_Cheap_Detective \"The Cheap Detective\")* (1978\\). Both of these movies also starred [James Coco](/wiki/James_Coco \"James Coco\"), [James Cromwell](/wiki/James_Cromwell \"James Cromwell\") and [Peter Falk](/wiki/Peter_Falk \"Peter Falk\"). She had a starring role, playing the disc jockey Mother in the film *[FM](/wiki/FM_%28film%29 \"FM (film)\")* (1978\\), a comedy\\-drama about life at a rock\\-music radio station.",
"In 1980, Brennan received a [Best Supporting Actress](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress \"Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress\") [Oscar](/wiki/Academy_Awards \"Academy Awards\") nomination for her role as [Goldie Hawn](/wiki/Goldie_Hawn \"Goldie Hawn\")'s nasty commanding officer in *[Private Benjamin](/wiki/Private_Benjamin_%281980_film%29 \"Private Benjamin (1980 film)\")*. She reprised the role in [the television adaptation](/wiki/Private_Benjamin_%28TV_series%29 \"Private Benjamin (TV series)\") (1981–1983\\), for which she won an Emmy (supporting actress) as well as a Golden Globe (lead actress). She had one additional Golden Globe nomination and six Emmy nominations. Brennan received an Emmy nomination for her guest\\-star role in the *[Taxi](/wiki/Taxi_%28TV_series%29 \"Taxi (TV series)\")* episode \"Thy Boss's Wife\" (1981\\).",
"In 1985, Brennan portrayed the iconic Mrs. Peacock in the Paramount Pictures adaptation of *[Clue](/wiki/Clue_%28film%29 \"Clue (film)\")*.",
""
] |
Plot synopsis
-------------
### Setting
*Eldest* begins three days after the events of the preceding novel, *[Eragon](/wiki/Eragon "Eragon")*, in the dwarf city of Tronjheim, inside of a hollowed mountain named [Farthen Dûr](/wiki/Du_Weldenvarden "Du Weldenvarden"). *Farthen Dûr* is in the southeastern part of [Alagaësia](/wiki/Alaga%C3%ABsia "Alagaësia"), the fictional continent where *[The Inheritance Cycle](/wiki/The_Inheritance_Cycle "The Inheritance Cycle")* takes place. Throughout the novel, the protagonists travel to many different places: Ellesméra, the elven capital city in the forest [Du Weldenvarden](/wiki/Du_Weldenvarden "Du Weldenvarden"), on the northern portion of Alagaësia; Carvahall, a small town located on the northwestern part of Alagaësia in Palancar Valley; and Aberon, the capital of Surda, in the southern portion of Alagaësia.
### Characters
{{main\|List of the Inheritance Cycle characters}}
The story is told in third\-person through protagonists [Eragon](/wiki/Eragon_%28character%29 "Eragon (character)"), [Roran](/wiki/List_of_Inheritance_Cycle_characters%23Major_characters "List of Inheritance Cycle characters#Major characters"), and [Nasuada](/wiki/Nasuada "Nasuada"). Eragon is nearly always accompanied by his dragon [Saphira](/wiki/Characters_in_the_Inheritance_cycle%23Saphira "Characters in the Inheritance cycle#Saphira"). Due to the multiple points\-of\-view, multiple stories take place concurrently, and the protagonist characters do not meet often. Several other characters return from *[Eragon](/wiki/Eragon "Eragon")*, including [Arya](/wiki/List_of_Inheritance_Cycle_characters%23Major_characters "List of Inheritance Cycle characters#Major characters") (the elf warrior, daughter of the elven queen), [Orik](/wiki/List_of_the_Inheritance_Cycle_characters%23Orik "List of the Inheritance Cycle characters#Orik"), [Roran](/wiki/Roran "Roran") (Eragon's cousin and a major character), [Ajihad](/wiki/Ajihad "Ajihad") (the leader of the Varden, who dies and is replaced by his daughter [Nasuada](/wiki/Nasuada "Nasuada")), and [Angela](/wiki/Angela_%28Inheritance%29 "Angela (Inheritance)") (the herbalist). Some new characters are introduced in *Eldest*, such as [Oromis](/wiki/Oromis "Oromis") and his dragon [Glaedr](/wiki/Glaedr "Glaedr"). [Murtagh](/wiki/List_of_Inheritance_Cycle_characters%23Murtagh "List of Inheritance Cycle characters#Murtagh") appears briefly as a minor protagonist but then reappears later as a primary antagonist with his dragon, [Thorn](/wiki/Characters_in_the_Inheritance_cycle%23Thorn "Characters in the Inheritance cycle#Thorn").
### Plot
*Eldest* begins as [Ajihad](/wiki/Ajihad "Ajihad"), the king of the rebel Varden force, is ambushed and killed, while The Twins and [Murtagh](/wiki/Characters_in_the_Inheritance_Cycle%23Murtagh "Characters in the Inheritance Cycle#Murtagh") are assumed dead. Ajihad's daughter [Nasuada](/wiki/Nasuada "Nasuada") is elected to command the Varden, and decides to move them to Surda and oppose the Empire openly. Eragon and Saphira decide to travel to the forest [Du Weldenvarden](/wiki/Du_Weldenvarden "Du Weldenvarden") to be trained as a [Dragon Rider](/wiki/Dragon_Rider_%28Inheritance_Cycle%29 "Dragon Rider (Inheritance Cycle)") by the elves. The dwarf king, [Hrothgar](/wiki/Hrothgar_%28Inheritance%29 "Hrothgar (Inheritance)"), adopts Eragon to his clan and has his now foster brother, Orik, accompany him to the forest. There, Eragon meets the stranger who had contacted him, revealed to be a Rider, [Oromis](/wiki/Oromis "Oromis"), with his Dragon [Glaedr](/wiki/Glaedr "Glaedr"), the only Dragon and Rider secretly alive. However, both are crippled, and so cannot fight [Galbatorix](/wiki/Galbatorix "Galbatorix") directly, choosing to pass on their knowledge. Eragon and Saphira are taught the use of logic, magic theory, scholarship, and combat, among other things.
However, having received a back injury in the previous book, Eragon is beset by agonizing seizures, which debilitate him. He also struggles with his romantic feelings for Arya, while Saphira has similar struggles toward Glaedr. Arya becomes aware of his feelings, and distances herself from him, not to interfere in his education, while Saphira is violently rejected by Glaedr. Eventually, in an ancient elven ceremony, the Agaetí Blödhren, Eragon is affected by powerful magic, turning him into an elf\-human hybrid, and healing his back injury. He makes another romantic attempt on Arya, but she gently rejects him, and leaves to rejoin the Varden.
Meanwhile, unknowing of all of this, Eragon's cousin Roran plans to marry Katrina, daughter of Sloan, the village butcher. While the village is at peace, they are unexpectedly attacked by Galbatorix's soldiers and the Ra'zac, who had killed Roran's father, Garrow. Roran fights the soldiers with a hammer, which becomes his signature weapon. The Ra'zac and most of the soldiers escape, saying that they want information from Roran. The entire village then sets up defenses, and during a second invasion, the Ra'zac escape again. One night, Roran wakes up to find Katrina being attacked by the Ra'zac, who sneaked into the house. They seriously injure him and capture Katrina. Sloan, revealed to be in league with the Ra'zac, is then flown away by them, along with Katrina.
Torn between chasing after Katrina and staying behind to defend his home, Roran rallies almost the entirety of the village to travel to Surda and join the Varden. On the way, they journey to Teirm, where Roran meets Jeod, Brom's friend, who informs him about Eragon, and decides to go with them. With Jeod's help, they steal a ship, and journey toward Surda by sea.
Meanwhile, Nasuada struggles under the burdens of leadership. She hatches a plan to fund them by selling magically\-crafted lace, to alleviate their financial troubles. She also meets Elva, a child supposedly blessed by Eragon in the previous book. Eragon is revealed to have botched the blessing with poor phrasing, accidentally forcing Elva to feel the pain of others. Elva uses her abilities to save Nasuada from an assassination attempt. Nasuada eventually learns that Galbatorix is fielding a massive army against them, and sends for help from the dwarves and Eragon.
Eragon has a prophetic dream of the coming battle, and decides to interrupt his training to aid the Varden in battle. Oromis consents and provides him with numerous gifts to help him, but insists he return to finish his training after the battle. He journeys with Saphira and Orik to the Varden's camp, reuniting with Nasuada and Arya, and meeting Elva, promising to rid her of his failed blessing. The Varden are then joined by an army of Urgals, who seek an alliance with them after being freed of Durza's control.
As the battle begins, it goes poorly for the massively outnumbered Varden. Roran and the dwarves arrive mid\-battle, and begin to turn the tide in favor of the Varden, but an unknown Dragon Rider unexpectedly arrives and kills Hrothgar. Eragon engages this Rider, who proves an even match, and unmasks him, revealing him to be Murtagh. Murtagh reveals he was kidnapped by the Twins, who had betrayed the Varden. After the dragon, named Thorn, had hatched for him, they were both forced into loyalty by Galbatorix. Meanwhile, the battle proceeds, with the Twins revealing themselves and causing massive losses among the Varden, until Roran kills them.
Murtagh and Eragon resume their fight, with Murtagh easily defeating Eragon through magic. He shows mercy to him, on account of their old friendship, but takes Eragon's sword Zar'roc, which he claims to be his inheritance, revealing that he and Eragon are brothers.
Ultimately, the Varden win the battle. The book ends as Roran asks Eragon for help in rescuing Katrina, to which he agrees.
|
[
"Plot synopsis\n-------------",
"### Setting",
"*Eldest* begins three days after the events of the preceding novel, *[Eragon](/wiki/Eragon \"Eragon\")*, in the dwarf city of Tronjheim, inside of a hollowed mountain named [Farthen Dûr](/wiki/Du_Weldenvarden \"Du Weldenvarden\"). *Farthen Dûr* is in the southeastern part of [Alagaësia](/wiki/Alaga%C3%ABsia \"Alagaësia\"), the fictional continent where *[The Inheritance Cycle](/wiki/The_Inheritance_Cycle \"The Inheritance Cycle\")* takes place. Throughout the novel, the protagonists travel to many different places: Ellesméra, the elven capital city in the forest [Du Weldenvarden](/wiki/Du_Weldenvarden \"Du Weldenvarden\"), on the northern portion of Alagaësia; Carvahall, a small town located on the northwestern part of Alagaësia in Palancar Valley; and Aberon, the capital of Surda, in the southern portion of Alagaësia.",
"### Characters",
"{{main\\|List of the Inheritance Cycle characters}}\nThe story is told in third\\-person through protagonists [Eragon](/wiki/Eragon_%28character%29 \"Eragon (character)\"), [Roran](/wiki/List_of_Inheritance_Cycle_characters%23Major_characters \"List of Inheritance Cycle characters#Major characters\"), and [Nasuada](/wiki/Nasuada \"Nasuada\"). Eragon is nearly always accompanied by his dragon [Saphira](/wiki/Characters_in_the_Inheritance_cycle%23Saphira \"Characters in the Inheritance cycle#Saphira\"). Due to the multiple points\\-of\\-view, multiple stories take place concurrently, and the protagonist characters do not meet often. Several other characters return from *[Eragon](/wiki/Eragon \"Eragon\")*, including [Arya](/wiki/List_of_Inheritance_Cycle_characters%23Major_characters \"List of Inheritance Cycle characters#Major characters\") (the elf warrior, daughter of the elven queen), [Orik](/wiki/List_of_the_Inheritance_Cycle_characters%23Orik \"List of the Inheritance Cycle characters#Orik\"), [Roran](/wiki/Roran \"Roran\") (Eragon's cousin and a major character), [Ajihad](/wiki/Ajihad \"Ajihad\") (the leader of the Varden, who dies and is replaced by his daughter [Nasuada](/wiki/Nasuada \"Nasuada\")), and [Angela](/wiki/Angela_%28Inheritance%29 \"Angela (Inheritance)\") (the herbalist). Some new characters are introduced in *Eldest*, such as [Oromis](/wiki/Oromis \"Oromis\") and his dragon [Glaedr](/wiki/Glaedr \"Glaedr\"). [Murtagh](/wiki/List_of_Inheritance_Cycle_characters%23Murtagh \"List of Inheritance Cycle characters#Murtagh\") appears briefly as a minor protagonist but then reappears later as a primary antagonist with his dragon, [Thorn](/wiki/Characters_in_the_Inheritance_cycle%23Thorn \"Characters in the Inheritance cycle#Thorn\").",
"### Plot",
"*Eldest* begins as [Ajihad](/wiki/Ajihad \"Ajihad\"), the king of the rebel Varden force, is ambushed and killed, while The Twins and [Murtagh](/wiki/Characters_in_the_Inheritance_Cycle%23Murtagh \"Characters in the Inheritance Cycle#Murtagh\") are assumed dead. Ajihad's daughter [Nasuada](/wiki/Nasuada \"Nasuada\") is elected to command the Varden, and decides to move them to Surda and oppose the Empire openly. Eragon and Saphira decide to travel to the forest [Du Weldenvarden](/wiki/Du_Weldenvarden \"Du Weldenvarden\") to be trained as a [Dragon Rider](/wiki/Dragon_Rider_%28Inheritance_Cycle%29 \"Dragon Rider (Inheritance Cycle)\") by the elves. The dwarf king, [Hrothgar](/wiki/Hrothgar_%28Inheritance%29 \"Hrothgar (Inheritance)\"), adopts Eragon to his clan and has his now foster brother, Orik, accompany him to the forest. There, Eragon meets the stranger who had contacted him, revealed to be a Rider, [Oromis](/wiki/Oromis \"Oromis\"), with his Dragon [Glaedr](/wiki/Glaedr \"Glaedr\"), the only Dragon and Rider secretly alive. However, both are crippled, and so cannot fight [Galbatorix](/wiki/Galbatorix \"Galbatorix\") directly, choosing to pass on their knowledge. Eragon and Saphira are taught the use of logic, magic theory, scholarship, and combat, among other things.",
"However, having received a back injury in the previous book, Eragon is beset by agonizing seizures, which debilitate him. He also struggles with his romantic feelings for Arya, while Saphira has similar struggles toward Glaedr. Arya becomes aware of his feelings, and distances herself from him, not to interfere in his education, while Saphira is violently rejected by Glaedr. Eventually, in an ancient elven ceremony, the Agaetí Blödhren, Eragon is affected by powerful magic, turning him into an elf\\-human hybrid, and healing his back injury. He makes another romantic attempt on Arya, but she gently rejects him, and leaves to rejoin the Varden.",
"Meanwhile, unknowing of all of this, Eragon's cousin Roran plans to marry Katrina, daughter of Sloan, the village butcher. While the village is at peace, they are unexpectedly attacked by Galbatorix's soldiers and the Ra'zac, who had killed Roran's father, Garrow. Roran fights the soldiers with a hammer, which becomes his signature weapon. The Ra'zac and most of the soldiers escape, saying that they want information from Roran. The entire village then sets up defenses, and during a second invasion, the Ra'zac escape again. One night, Roran wakes up to find Katrina being attacked by the Ra'zac, who sneaked into the house. They seriously injure him and capture Katrina. Sloan, revealed to be in league with the Ra'zac, is then flown away by them, along with Katrina.",
"Torn between chasing after Katrina and staying behind to defend his home, Roran rallies almost the entirety of the village to travel to Surda and join the Varden. On the way, they journey to Teirm, where Roran meets Jeod, Brom's friend, who informs him about Eragon, and decides to go with them. With Jeod's help, they steal a ship, and journey toward Surda by sea.",
"Meanwhile, Nasuada struggles under the burdens of leadership. She hatches a plan to fund them by selling magically\\-crafted lace, to alleviate their financial troubles. She also meets Elva, a child supposedly blessed by Eragon in the previous book. Eragon is revealed to have botched the blessing with poor phrasing, accidentally forcing Elva to feel the pain of others. Elva uses her abilities to save Nasuada from an assassination attempt. Nasuada eventually learns that Galbatorix is fielding a massive army against them, and sends for help from the dwarves and Eragon.",
"Eragon has a prophetic dream of the coming battle, and decides to interrupt his training to aid the Varden in battle. Oromis consents and provides him with numerous gifts to help him, but insists he return to finish his training after the battle. He journeys with Saphira and Orik to the Varden's camp, reuniting with Nasuada and Arya, and meeting Elva, promising to rid her of his failed blessing. The Varden are then joined by an army of Urgals, who seek an alliance with them after being freed of Durza's control.",
"As the battle begins, it goes poorly for the massively outnumbered Varden. Roran and the dwarves arrive mid\\-battle, and begin to turn the tide in favor of the Varden, but an unknown Dragon Rider unexpectedly arrives and kills Hrothgar. Eragon engages this Rider, who proves an even match, and unmasks him, revealing him to be Murtagh. Murtagh reveals he was kidnapped by the Twins, who had betrayed the Varden. After the dragon, named Thorn, had hatched for him, they were both forced into loyalty by Galbatorix. Meanwhile, the battle proceeds, with the Twins revealing themselves and causing massive losses among the Varden, until Roran kills them.",
"Murtagh and Eragon resume their fight, with Murtagh easily defeating Eragon through magic. He shows mercy to him, on account of their old friendship, but takes Eragon's sword Zar'roc, which he claims to be his inheritance, revealing that he and Eragon are brothers.",
"Ultimately, the Varden win the battle. The book ends as Roran asks Eragon for help in rescuing Katrina, to which he agrees.",
""
] |
### Plot
*Eldest* begins as [Ajihad](/wiki/Ajihad "Ajihad"), the king of the rebel Varden force, is ambushed and killed, while The Twins and [Murtagh](/wiki/Characters_in_the_Inheritance_Cycle%23Murtagh "Characters in the Inheritance Cycle#Murtagh") are assumed dead. Ajihad's daughter [Nasuada](/wiki/Nasuada "Nasuada") is elected to command the Varden, and decides to move them to Surda and oppose the Empire openly. Eragon and Saphira decide to travel to the forest [Du Weldenvarden](/wiki/Du_Weldenvarden "Du Weldenvarden") to be trained as a [Dragon Rider](/wiki/Dragon_Rider_%28Inheritance_Cycle%29 "Dragon Rider (Inheritance Cycle)") by the elves. The dwarf king, [Hrothgar](/wiki/Hrothgar_%28Inheritance%29 "Hrothgar (Inheritance)"), adopts Eragon to his clan and has his now foster brother, Orik, accompany him to the forest. There, Eragon meets the stranger who had contacted him, revealed to be a Rider, [Oromis](/wiki/Oromis "Oromis"), with his Dragon [Glaedr](/wiki/Glaedr "Glaedr"), the only Dragon and Rider secretly alive. However, both are crippled, and so cannot fight [Galbatorix](/wiki/Galbatorix "Galbatorix") directly, choosing to pass on their knowledge. Eragon and Saphira are taught the use of logic, magic theory, scholarship, and combat, among other things.
However, having received a back injury in the previous book, Eragon is beset by agonizing seizures, which debilitate him. He also struggles with his romantic feelings for Arya, while Saphira has similar struggles toward Glaedr. Arya becomes aware of his feelings, and distances herself from him, not to interfere in his education, while Saphira is violently rejected by Glaedr. Eventually, in an ancient elven ceremony, the Agaetí Blödhren, Eragon is affected by powerful magic, turning him into an elf\-human hybrid, and healing his back injury. He makes another romantic attempt on Arya, but she gently rejects him, and leaves to rejoin the Varden.
Meanwhile, unknowing of all of this, Eragon's cousin Roran plans to marry Katrina, daughter of Sloan, the village butcher. While the village is at peace, they are unexpectedly attacked by Galbatorix's soldiers and the Ra'zac, who had killed Roran's father, Garrow. Roran fights the soldiers with a hammer, which becomes his signature weapon. The Ra'zac and most of the soldiers escape, saying that they want information from Roran. The entire village then sets up defenses, and during a second invasion, the Ra'zac escape again. One night, Roran wakes up to find Katrina being attacked by the Ra'zac, who sneaked into the house. They seriously injure him and capture Katrina. Sloan, revealed to be in league with the Ra'zac, is then flown away by them, along with Katrina.
Torn between chasing after Katrina and staying behind to defend his home, Roran rallies almost the entirety of the village to travel to Surda and join the Varden. On the way, they journey to Teirm, where Roran meets Jeod, Brom's friend, who informs him about Eragon, and decides to go with them. With Jeod's help, they steal a ship, and journey toward Surda by sea.
Meanwhile, Nasuada struggles under the burdens of leadership. She hatches a plan to fund them by selling magically\-crafted lace, to alleviate their financial troubles. She also meets Elva, a child supposedly blessed by Eragon in the previous book. Eragon is revealed to have botched the blessing with poor phrasing, accidentally forcing Elva to feel the pain of others. Elva uses her abilities to save Nasuada from an assassination attempt. Nasuada eventually learns that Galbatorix is fielding a massive army against them, and sends for help from the dwarves and Eragon.
Eragon has a prophetic dream of the coming battle, and decides to interrupt his training to aid the Varden in battle. Oromis consents and provides him with numerous gifts to help him, but insists he return to finish his training after the battle. He journeys with Saphira and Orik to the Varden's camp, reuniting with Nasuada and Arya, and meeting Elva, promising to rid her of his failed blessing. The Varden are then joined by an army of Urgals, who seek an alliance with them after being freed of Durza's control.
As the battle begins, it goes poorly for the massively outnumbered Varden. Roran and the dwarves arrive mid\-battle, and begin to turn the tide in favor of the Varden, but an unknown Dragon Rider unexpectedly arrives and kills Hrothgar. Eragon engages this Rider, who proves an even match, and unmasks him, revealing him to be Murtagh. Murtagh reveals he was kidnapped by the Twins, who had betrayed the Varden. After the dragon, named Thorn, had hatched for him, they were both forced into loyalty by Galbatorix. Meanwhile, the battle proceeds, with the Twins revealing themselves and causing massive losses among the Varden, until Roran kills them.
Murtagh and Eragon resume their fight, with Murtagh easily defeating Eragon through magic. He shows mercy to him, on account of their old friendship, but takes Eragon's sword Zar'roc, which he claims to be his inheritance, revealing that he and Eragon are brothers.
Ultimately, the Varden win the battle. The book ends as Roran asks Eragon for help in rescuing Katrina, to which he agrees.
|
[
"### Plot",
"*Eldest* begins as [Ajihad](/wiki/Ajihad \"Ajihad\"), the king of the rebel Varden force, is ambushed and killed, while The Twins and [Murtagh](/wiki/Characters_in_the_Inheritance_Cycle%23Murtagh \"Characters in the Inheritance Cycle#Murtagh\") are assumed dead. Ajihad's daughter [Nasuada](/wiki/Nasuada \"Nasuada\") is elected to command the Varden, and decides to move them to Surda and oppose the Empire openly. Eragon and Saphira decide to travel to the forest [Du Weldenvarden](/wiki/Du_Weldenvarden \"Du Weldenvarden\") to be trained as a [Dragon Rider](/wiki/Dragon_Rider_%28Inheritance_Cycle%29 \"Dragon Rider (Inheritance Cycle)\") by the elves. The dwarf king, [Hrothgar](/wiki/Hrothgar_%28Inheritance%29 \"Hrothgar (Inheritance)\"), adopts Eragon to his clan and has his now foster brother, Orik, accompany him to the forest. There, Eragon meets the stranger who had contacted him, revealed to be a Rider, [Oromis](/wiki/Oromis \"Oromis\"), with his Dragon [Glaedr](/wiki/Glaedr \"Glaedr\"), the only Dragon and Rider secretly alive. However, both are crippled, and so cannot fight [Galbatorix](/wiki/Galbatorix \"Galbatorix\") directly, choosing to pass on their knowledge. Eragon and Saphira are taught the use of logic, magic theory, scholarship, and combat, among other things.",
"However, having received a back injury in the previous book, Eragon is beset by agonizing seizures, which debilitate him. He also struggles with his romantic feelings for Arya, while Saphira has similar struggles toward Glaedr. Arya becomes aware of his feelings, and distances herself from him, not to interfere in his education, while Saphira is violently rejected by Glaedr. Eventually, in an ancient elven ceremony, the Agaetí Blödhren, Eragon is affected by powerful magic, turning him into an elf\\-human hybrid, and healing his back injury. He makes another romantic attempt on Arya, but she gently rejects him, and leaves to rejoin the Varden.",
"Meanwhile, unknowing of all of this, Eragon's cousin Roran plans to marry Katrina, daughter of Sloan, the village butcher. While the village is at peace, they are unexpectedly attacked by Galbatorix's soldiers and the Ra'zac, who had killed Roran's father, Garrow. Roran fights the soldiers with a hammer, which becomes his signature weapon. The Ra'zac and most of the soldiers escape, saying that they want information from Roran. The entire village then sets up defenses, and during a second invasion, the Ra'zac escape again. One night, Roran wakes up to find Katrina being attacked by the Ra'zac, who sneaked into the house. They seriously injure him and capture Katrina. Sloan, revealed to be in league with the Ra'zac, is then flown away by them, along with Katrina.",
"Torn between chasing after Katrina and staying behind to defend his home, Roran rallies almost the entirety of the village to travel to Surda and join the Varden. On the way, they journey to Teirm, where Roran meets Jeod, Brom's friend, who informs him about Eragon, and decides to go with them. With Jeod's help, they steal a ship, and journey toward Surda by sea.",
"Meanwhile, Nasuada struggles under the burdens of leadership. She hatches a plan to fund them by selling magically\\-crafted lace, to alleviate their financial troubles. She also meets Elva, a child supposedly blessed by Eragon in the previous book. Eragon is revealed to have botched the blessing with poor phrasing, accidentally forcing Elva to feel the pain of others. Elva uses her abilities to save Nasuada from an assassination attempt. Nasuada eventually learns that Galbatorix is fielding a massive army against them, and sends for help from the dwarves and Eragon.",
"Eragon has a prophetic dream of the coming battle, and decides to interrupt his training to aid the Varden in battle. Oromis consents and provides him with numerous gifts to help him, but insists he return to finish his training after the battle. He journeys with Saphira and Orik to the Varden's camp, reuniting with Nasuada and Arya, and meeting Elva, promising to rid her of his failed blessing. The Varden are then joined by an army of Urgals, who seek an alliance with them after being freed of Durza's control.",
"As the battle begins, it goes poorly for the massively outnumbered Varden. Roran and the dwarves arrive mid\\-battle, and begin to turn the tide in favor of the Varden, but an unknown Dragon Rider unexpectedly arrives and kills Hrothgar. Eragon engages this Rider, who proves an even match, and unmasks him, revealing him to be Murtagh. Murtagh reveals he was kidnapped by the Twins, who had betrayed the Varden. After the dragon, named Thorn, had hatched for him, they were both forced into loyalty by Galbatorix. Meanwhile, the battle proceeds, with the Twins revealing themselves and causing massive losses among the Varden, until Roran kills them.",
"Murtagh and Eragon resume their fight, with Murtagh easily defeating Eragon through magic. He shows mercy to him, on account of their old friendship, but takes Eragon's sword Zar'roc, which he claims to be his inheritance, revealing that he and Eragon are brothers.",
"Ultimately, the Varden win the battle. The book ends as Roran asks Eragon for help in rescuing Katrina, to which he agrees.",
""
] |
Biography
---------
He comes from a [Coptic](/wiki/Christianity "Christianity") Christian background. Although his father's family was Coptic, the father was converted to [Protestantism](/wiki/Protestantism "Protestantism") and became a Protestant minister. This religious, and more specifically Christian, background is an important part of the struggle with identity and belonging which becomes apparent in much of Mus'ad’s writing.
He was born in [Port Sudan](/wiki/Port_Sudan "Port Sudan"), an Eastern Port on the Red Sea, in 1937 and lived the first years of his life there, before moving with his family to [Wad Madani](/wiki/Wad_Madani "Wad Madani"), to the south east of [Khartoum](/wiki/Khartoum "Khartoum") on the Blue [Nile](/wiki/Nile "Nile"). {{cite web\|last1\=Mousaad\|first1\=Raouf\|title\=Biography\|url\=http://www.raoufmousaad.com/biography/\|website\=Raouf Mousaad\|accessdate\=11 November 2016}} From here he was sent to boarding school in [Asyut](/wiki/Asyut "Asyut") in Middle Egypt, from where he returned to Wad Madani for the summer holidays before his father’s work prompted the family to finally relocate to Luxor\-Egypt. He studied journalism at the [University of Cairo](/wiki/University_of_Cairo "University of Cairo") and graduated in 1960\. It was in [Cairo](/wiki/Cairo "Cairo") in 1954 that he first joined a small underground Marxist organisation initially called ‘The Vanguard of the Workers and Fellaheen’ and then later renamed ‘The Party of the Workers and Fellaheen’.
In Cairo, the family moved around various areas, including al\-Fajjala and Deir al\-Malaak, in increasing poverty because his father had fallen seriously ill and could no longer work.
In [Nasser](/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser "Gamal Abdel Nasser")'s Egypt, Communist organisations were illegal and political activity was a dangerous pursuit punished with imprisonment. During the [Suez Crisis](/wiki/Suez_Crisis "Suez Crisis") of 1956 Mus'ad was arrested whilst handing out leaflets urging popular resistance to the foreign occupation of the [Suez Canal Zone](/wiki/Suez_Canal_Zone "Suez Canal Zone"). He and his comrades were held for one night and then released. In December 1960 he was again arrested at the family flat in Deir al\-Malaak after a naïve attempt to escape and disappear. He was held for seven months before being brought before a military court in [Alexandria](/wiki/Alexandria "Alexandria") and sentenced for Years imprisonment. He spent another seven or eight months in custody in Alexandria before being moved to the oases prisons where he stayed until the mass releases of 1964\. It was in prison that he met and befriended the writers [Sonallah Ibrahim](/wiki/Sonallah_Ibrahim "Sonallah Ibrahim") and [Kamal al\-Qalash](/wiki/Kamal_al-Qalash "Kamal al-Qalash"), with whom he co\-authored his first book In 1956\.
After his release, in 1964, he started to work as a journalist and began his literary work: plays, stories and reportage. In 1970 he moved to [Warsaw](/wiki/Warsaw "Warsaw"), where he studied theatrical production and got married, After he finished his scholarship.
He lived in [Poland](/wiki/Poland "Poland") for five years, during which time he visited many Soviet Block countries. This was the start of a long period of self\-imposed exile which saw him establish himself in [Baghdad](/wiki/Baghdad "Baghdad") (1975\) and [Beirut](/wiki/Beirut "Beirut") (1979\) before returning briefly to Egypt in 1982\. In Baghdad he worked in the Cinema and Theatre Foundation and met the woman who would become his next wife (after divorcing his Polish wife). In Lebanon he worked as a journalist for the newspaper *[as\-Safir](/wiki/As-Safir "As-Safir")*,and other magazines "[El Louts](/wiki/El_Louts "El Louts") the magazine of Afro\-Asia Union of Writers" and lived in Beirut through the Israeli siege of 1982, where he worked in Beirut El Mesa'a the magazine of the Communist Workers Organisation which is what eventually forced him to leave Beirut and return to Egypt.
He moved to the [Netherlands](/wiki/Netherlands "Netherlands") in 1990, To live with his new family after he met the Dutch lady In Cairo, who became the mother of his children and thy married .He settled in Amsterdam, where he has lived and worked since. He has, in his own words, ‘attained a certain amount of fame’ and has been active in the media, contributing to cultural and political debates, such as the consequences of the war in Iraq and taking part in a televised debate on censorship alongside the celebrated Arab poets [Mahmoud Darwish](/wiki/Mahmoud_Darwish "Mahmoud Darwish") and [Adunis](/wiki/Adunis "Adunis").
In 2004 he established in Amsterdam a small publishing house, in collaboration with a number of other Arab writers living outside the Arab world. Named ‘Muhajiroun’, the publisher is intended to print the works of Arab writers free from the difficulties of publishing in the Arab world, which Mus'ad sees as being beset by problems engendered by ‘the state of decline in the Arab political scene’.
Before that he established a Publishing House in Cairo called "DAR Shouhdi " on the name of a communist leader who was killed in Naser prisons under torture with the help of Shouhdi's widow and his daughter hanan.
Now he stopped all other activities but writing.
|
[
"Biography\n---------",
"He comes from a [Coptic](/wiki/Christianity \"Christianity\") Christian background. Although his father's family was Coptic, the father was converted to [Protestantism](/wiki/Protestantism \"Protestantism\") and became a Protestant minister. This religious, and more specifically Christian, background is an important part of the struggle with identity and belonging which becomes apparent in much of Mus'ad’s writing.",
"He was born in [Port Sudan](/wiki/Port_Sudan \"Port Sudan\"), an Eastern Port on the Red Sea, in 1937 and lived the first years of his life there, before moving with his family to [Wad Madani](/wiki/Wad_Madani \"Wad Madani\"), to the south east of [Khartoum](/wiki/Khartoum \"Khartoum\") on the Blue [Nile](/wiki/Nile \"Nile\"). {{cite web\\|last1\\=Mousaad\\|first1\\=Raouf\\|title\\=Biography\\|url\\=http://www.raoufmousaad.com/biography/\\|website\\=Raouf Mousaad\\|accessdate\\=11 November 2016}} From here he was sent to boarding school in [Asyut](/wiki/Asyut \"Asyut\") in Middle Egypt, from where he returned to Wad Madani for the summer holidays before his father’s work prompted the family to finally relocate to Luxor\\-Egypt. He studied journalism at the [University of Cairo](/wiki/University_of_Cairo \"University of Cairo\") and graduated in 1960\\. It was in [Cairo](/wiki/Cairo \"Cairo\") in 1954 that he first joined a small underground Marxist organisation initially called ‘The Vanguard of the Workers and Fellaheen’ and then later renamed ‘The Party of the Workers and Fellaheen’.",
"In Cairo, the family moved around various areas, including al\\-Fajjala and Deir al\\-Malaak, in increasing poverty because his father had fallen seriously ill and could no longer work.",
"In [Nasser](/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser \"Gamal Abdel Nasser\")'s Egypt, Communist organisations were illegal and political activity was a dangerous pursuit punished with imprisonment. During the [Suez Crisis](/wiki/Suez_Crisis \"Suez Crisis\") of 1956 Mus'ad was arrested whilst handing out leaflets urging popular resistance to the foreign occupation of the [Suez Canal Zone](/wiki/Suez_Canal_Zone \"Suez Canal Zone\"). He and his comrades were held for one night and then released. In December 1960 he was again arrested at the family flat in Deir al\\-Malaak after a naïve attempt to escape and disappear. He was held for seven months before being brought before a military court in [Alexandria](/wiki/Alexandria \"Alexandria\") and sentenced for Years imprisonment. He spent another seven or eight months in custody in Alexandria before being moved to the oases prisons where he stayed until the mass releases of 1964\\. It was in prison that he met and befriended the writers [Sonallah Ibrahim](/wiki/Sonallah_Ibrahim \"Sonallah Ibrahim\") and [Kamal al\\-Qalash](/wiki/Kamal_al-Qalash \"Kamal al-Qalash\"), with whom he co\\-authored his first book In 1956\\.",
"After his release, in 1964, he started to work as a journalist and began his literary work: plays, stories and reportage. In 1970 he moved to [Warsaw](/wiki/Warsaw \"Warsaw\"), where he studied theatrical production and got married, After he finished his scholarship.",
"He lived in [Poland](/wiki/Poland \"Poland\") for five years, during which time he visited many Soviet Block countries. This was the start of a long period of self\\-imposed exile which saw him establish himself in [Baghdad](/wiki/Baghdad \"Baghdad\") (1975\\) and [Beirut](/wiki/Beirut \"Beirut\") (1979\\) before returning briefly to Egypt in 1982\\. In Baghdad he worked in the Cinema and Theatre Foundation and met the woman who would become his next wife (after divorcing his Polish wife). In Lebanon he worked as a journalist for the newspaper *[as\\-Safir](/wiki/As-Safir \"As-Safir\")*,and other magazines \"[El Louts](/wiki/El_Louts \"El Louts\") the magazine of Afro\\-Asia Union of Writers\" and lived in Beirut through the Israeli siege of 1982, where he worked in Beirut El Mesa'a the magazine of the Communist Workers Organisation which is what eventually forced him to leave Beirut and return to Egypt.",
"He moved to the [Netherlands](/wiki/Netherlands \"Netherlands\") in 1990, To live with his new family after he met the Dutch lady In Cairo, who became the mother of his children and thy married .He settled in Amsterdam, where he has lived and worked since. He has, in his own words, ‘attained a certain amount of fame’ and has been active in the media, contributing to cultural and political debates, such as the consequences of the war in Iraq and taking part in a televised debate on censorship alongside the celebrated Arab poets [Mahmoud Darwish](/wiki/Mahmoud_Darwish \"Mahmoud Darwish\") and [Adunis](/wiki/Adunis \"Adunis\").",
"In 2004 he established in Amsterdam a small publishing house, in collaboration with a number of other Arab writers living outside the Arab world. Named ‘Muhajiroun’, the publisher is intended to print the works of Arab writers free from the difficulties of publishing in the Arab world, which Mus'ad sees as being beset by problems engendered by ‘the state of decline in the Arab political scene’.\nBefore that he established a Publishing House in Cairo called \"DAR Shouhdi \" on the name of a communist leader who was killed in Naser prisons under torture with the help of Shouhdi's widow and his daughter hanan.\nNow he stopped all other activities but writing.",
""
] |
Plot
----
In Berlin the affluent Henriette Vogel (Birte Schnöink) holds a soiree where the poet [Heinrich von Kleist](/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist "Heinrich von Kleist") attends. Heinrich approaches his close friend and cousin [Marie](/wiki/Marie_von_Kleist "Marie von Kleist") ([Sandra Hüller](/wiki/Sandra_H%C3%BCller "Sandra Hüller")) and after telling her how living has become painful to him he asks her to consider dying with him in a murder\-suicide pact. Marie declines.
Heinrich then approaches Henriette and tells her that as Marie has declined his dearest wish his love for her is dying as his love for Henriette begins to blossom. After telling Henriette that he feels she is an unloved outsider like him he asks her to join him in death. Henriette is appalled at his characterization of her as she feels she is close to both her husband and her daughter. She refuses his offer. Shortly after Henriette begins to suffer from spasms and fainting fits.
Heinrich continues to visit with Henriette during her illness and finds her life mediocre and conventional as she will not even allow him to visit her alone in order not to raise gossip. He continues to hope that she will consent to die with him.
For a while Henriette's doctor cannot find the cause of her illness which he assures her is likely not serious. However, after sending samples of her urine and her medical file away for a second opinion he learns that she has a fatal tumour that will kill her before long. After learning of the news Henriette calls Heinrich to her home where she allows him to be alone with her for the first time. She tells him she is dying and admits that now she feels alone and unloved just as he described her. She tells him that she would like to enter into the suicide pact with him. Heinrich receives the news rather coldly telling Henriette he hoped that he would meet someone who was willing to die because he wanted to die and not for her own reasons. Reluctantly Heinrich and Henriette head off into the country together hoping to complete their pact. However at the inn where they are staying Heinrich meets an acquaintance and the three are forced to have an awkward dinner together with Heinrich's friend believing they are lovers. The trip is a failure and the two return home.
Heinrich then goes to visit his cousin Marie again who has returned from Paris newly engaged. Heinrich once again asks Marie to die with him and she refuses telling him that though life is stupid and pointless it is important to seek out the good. Having conclusively been rejected by Marie, Heinrich returns to Henriette and tells her he has been thinking of her constantly and asks her to renew their pact. She agrees.
Meanwhile, Henriette's husband, Vogel, returning from a trip to Paris tells Henriette that he showed her file to another doctor who believes she might not have a tumour after all. He asks her to accompany him to Paris where she can receive more advanced medical treatment. Noticing how close Henriette has become to Heinrich he also tells her that he would respect her choice if she decided to leave him for Heinrich. Henriette dismisses the idea calling Heinrich selfish.
Heinrich arrives at the Vogel house in order to usher Henriette away so they can die together. Henriette is reluctant to go but Vogel insists that the exercise and fresh air will be good for her. They tell Heinrich that there is a possibility that Henriette will live as they are planning to go to Paris to see another doctor.
Heinrich and Henriette go off together and stay the night at an inn where Heinrich reads a poem to Henriette and apologizes for ever doubting her. The next day they head off into the woods. Henriette begins to tell Heinrich that she had something to say the previous day but before she can finish her thought he shoots and kills her. Preparing to shoot himself in the head he fires twice only to have the gun not function both times.
After learning of the death of his wife Vogel searches his desk for a letter and eventually finds the note that Henriette wrote to him before her first planned suicide attempt hidden in a drawer. Going into the woods he is able to see both Henriette and Heinrich's bodies still lying out in the open.
Returning home Vogel learns from Henriette's physician that an autopsy revealed that Henriette was in good health with no tumour or ulcer. Vogel realizes that her symptoms were caused by love after all.
|
[
"Plot\n----",
"In Berlin the affluent Henriette Vogel (Birte Schnöink) holds a soiree where the poet [Heinrich von Kleist](/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist \"Heinrich von Kleist\") attends. Heinrich approaches his close friend and cousin [Marie](/wiki/Marie_von_Kleist \"Marie von Kleist\") ([Sandra Hüller](/wiki/Sandra_H%C3%BCller \"Sandra Hüller\")) and after telling her how living has become painful to him he asks her to consider dying with him in a murder\\-suicide pact. Marie declines.",
"Heinrich then approaches Henriette and tells her that as Marie has declined his dearest wish his love for her is dying as his love for Henriette begins to blossom. After telling Henriette that he feels she is an unloved outsider like him he asks her to join him in death. Henriette is appalled at his characterization of her as she feels she is close to both her husband and her daughter. She refuses his offer. Shortly after Henriette begins to suffer from spasms and fainting fits.",
"Heinrich continues to visit with Henriette during her illness and finds her life mediocre and conventional as she will not even allow him to visit her alone in order not to raise gossip. He continues to hope that she will consent to die with him.",
"For a while Henriette's doctor cannot find the cause of her illness which he assures her is likely not serious. However, after sending samples of her urine and her medical file away for a second opinion he learns that she has a fatal tumour that will kill her before long. After learning of the news Henriette calls Heinrich to her home where she allows him to be alone with her for the first time. She tells him she is dying and admits that now she feels alone and unloved just as he described her. She tells him that she would like to enter into the suicide pact with him. Heinrich receives the news rather coldly telling Henriette he hoped that he would meet someone who was willing to die because he wanted to die and not for her own reasons. Reluctantly Heinrich and Henriette head off into the country together hoping to complete their pact. However at the inn where they are staying Heinrich meets an acquaintance and the three are forced to have an awkward dinner together with Heinrich's friend believing they are lovers. The trip is a failure and the two return home.",
"Heinrich then goes to visit his cousin Marie again who has returned from Paris newly engaged. Heinrich once again asks Marie to die with him and she refuses telling him that though life is stupid and pointless it is important to seek out the good. Having conclusively been rejected by Marie, Heinrich returns to Henriette and tells her he has been thinking of her constantly and asks her to renew their pact. She agrees.",
"Meanwhile, Henriette's husband, Vogel, returning from a trip to Paris tells Henriette that he showed her file to another doctor who believes she might not have a tumour after all. He asks her to accompany him to Paris where she can receive more advanced medical treatment. Noticing how close Henriette has become to Heinrich he also tells her that he would respect her choice if she decided to leave him for Heinrich. Henriette dismisses the idea calling Heinrich selfish.",
"Heinrich arrives at the Vogel house in order to usher Henriette away so they can die together. Henriette is reluctant to go but Vogel insists that the exercise and fresh air will be good for her. They tell Heinrich that there is a possibility that Henriette will live as they are planning to go to Paris to see another doctor.",
"Heinrich and Henriette go off together and stay the night at an inn where Heinrich reads a poem to Henriette and apologizes for ever doubting her. The next day they head off into the woods. Henriette begins to tell Heinrich that she had something to say the previous day but before she can finish her thought he shoots and kills her. Preparing to shoot himself in the head he fires twice only to have the gun not function both times.",
"After learning of the death of his wife Vogel searches his desk for a letter and eventually finds the note that Henriette wrote to him before her first planned suicide attempt hidden in a drawer. Going into the woods he is able to see both Henriette and Heinrich's bodies still lying out in the open.",
"Returning home Vogel learns from Henriette's physician that an autopsy revealed that Henriette was in good health with no tumour or ulcer. Vogel realizes that her symptoms were caused by love after all.",
""
] |
Career
------
### Early years
Bukin began learning to skate in 1998\. He started out in single skating but was asked to switch to ice dancing. He initially disliked skating but over time grew to love dance. He skated briefly with [Elena Ilinykh](/wiki/Elena_Ilinykh "Elena Ilinykh"). Bukin was partnered with Stepanova in 2006 by coaches [Irina Zhuk](/wiki/Irina_Zhuk "Irina Zhuk") and [Alexander Svinin](/wiki/Alexander_Svinin "Alexander Svinin") and trains in Moscow.
### 2010–2011 to 2011–2012
Stepanova/Bukin debuted on the Junior Grand Prix series in the [2010–2011](/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_ISU_Junior_Grand_Prix "2010–11 ISU Junior Grand Prix") season. They won both of their events and qualified for the [2010 JGP Final](/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final "2010–11 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final"), where they won the bronze medal.
Stepanova/Bukin won both of their [2011–2012 JGP](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_ISU_Junior_Grand_Prix "2011–12 ISU Junior Grand Prix") events, Romania and Italy. Their placements qualified them for the [JGP Final](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final "2011–12 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final") where they placed fourth in the short and second in the free dance to receive the bronze medal. They won silver at the [2012 Russian Junior Championships](/wiki/2012_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships "2012 Russian Figure Skating Championships"). Stepanova/Bukin then competed at the [2012 World Junior Championships](/wiki/2012_World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships "2012 World Junior Figure Skating Championships") and won the silver medal.
### 2012–2013 season: World Junior title
Stepanova/Bukin won gold medals at their [JGP events in Turkey and Germany](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_ISU_Junior_Grand_Prix "2012–13 ISU Junior Grand Prix"), qualifying them for the [JGP Final](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final "2012–13 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final") in [Sochi](/wiki/Sochi "Sochi"), Russia. They won the gold medal in their third appearance at the final. Stepanova/Bukin withdrew from the [2013 Russian Junior Championships](/wiki/2013_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships "2013 Russian Figure Skating Championships") due to Bukin's cold and sinusitis. They were assigned to the [2013 World Junior Championships](/wiki/2013_World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships "2013 World Junior Figure Skating Championships") where they won the gold medal, more than seven points ahead of French ice dancers [Gabriella Papadakis](/wiki/Gabriella_Papadakis "Gabriella Papadakis") / [Guillaume Cizeron](/wiki/Guillaume_Cizeron "Guillaume Cizeron"). After the event, the duo and their coaches discussed whether to move up to the senior level.
### 2013–2014 season: Senior debut
Stepanova/Bukin decided to make their senior debut in the [2013–2014 season](/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_figure_skating_season "2013–14 figure skating season"). They were assigned to one [Grand Prix](/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating "2013–14 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating") event, the [2013 Skate Canada](/wiki/2013_Skate_Canada_International "2013 Skate Canada International"), and finished eighth. They came in fifth at the [2013 Winter Universiade](/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2013_Winter_Universiade "Figure skating at the 2013 Winter Universiade"). At the [Russian Championships](/wiki/2014_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships "2014 Russian Figure Skating Championships"), Stepanova/Bukin finished sixth on the senior level and won gold on the junior level ahead of [Yanovskaya](/wiki/Anna_Yanovskaya "Anna Yanovskaya")/[Mozgov](/wiki/Sergey_Mozgov "Sergey Mozgov"). They were assigned to the [2014 World Junior Championships](/wiki/2014_World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships "2014 World Junior Figure Skating Championships") but withdrew due to illness.
### 2014–2015 season: European bronze
Stepanova/Bukin began their season with a gold medal at the [2014 Finlandia Trophy](/wiki/2014_Finlandia_Trophy "2014 Finlandia Trophy"), an [ISU Challenger Series](/wiki/ISU_Challenger_Series "ISU Challenger Series") (CS) event. Their first [Grand Prix](/wiki/ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating "ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating") medal, bronze, came at the [2014 Skate America](/wiki/2014_Skate_America "2014 Skate America"). At the [2014 Rostelecom Cup](/wiki/2014_Rostelecom_Cup "2014 Rostelecom Cup"), they finished fifth. Stepanova/Bukin took bronze at the [2015 Russian Championships](/wiki/2015_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships "2015 Russian Figure Skating Championships") and were assigned to the [2015 European Championships](/wiki/2015_European_Figure_Skating_Championships "2015 European Figure Skating Championships") in [Stockholm](/wiki/Stockholm "Stockholm"). They were awarded the bronze medal in Sweden, ahead of [Elena Ilinykh](/wiki/Elena_Ilinykh "Elena Ilinykh") / [Ruslan Zhiganshin](/wiki/Ruslan_Zhiganshin "Ruslan Zhiganshin"). They ended their season at the [2015 World Championships](/wiki/2015_World_Figure_Skating_Championships "2015 World Figure Skating Championships") in [Shanghai](/wiki/Shanghai "Shanghai"), finishing ninth.
### 2015–2016 season
Stepanova/Bukin had planned to begin the [2015–2016 season](/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_figure_skating_season "2015–16 figure skating season") at the [2015 CS Finlandia Trophy](/wiki/2015_CS_Finlandia_Trophy "2015 CS Finlandia Trophy"), however, they withdrew because Bukin's off\-season illness had slowed their preparations for the season. At the [2015 Trophée Éric Bompard](/wiki/2015_Troph%C3%A9e_%C3%89ric_Bompard "2015 Trophée Éric Bompard"), they placed third in the short dance, which was accepted as the final result following the competition's cancellation due to the [November 2015 Paris attacks](/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks "November 2015 Paris attacks"). They finished fourth overall at their next Grand Prix event, the [2015 NHK Trophy](/wiki/2015_NHK_Trophy "2015 NHK Trophy"). Stepanova/Bukin edged out Ilinykh/Zhiganshin for the bronze medal at the [Russian Championships](/wiki/2016_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships "2016 Russian Figure Skating Championships") in late December in [Ekaterinburg](/wiki/Ekaterinburg "Ekaterinburg") and finished as the third Russian team, in fifth place, in January 2016 at the [European Championships](/wiki/2016_European_Figure_Skating_Championships "2016 European Figure Skating Championships") in [Bratislava](/wiki/Bratislava "Bratislava").
Stepanova/Bukin were assigned to the [2016 World Championships](/wiki/2016_World_Figure_Skating_Championships "2016 World Figure Skating Championships") in [Boston](/wiki/Boston "Boston") after [Ekaterina Bobrova](/wiki/Ekaterina_Bobrova "Ekaterina Bobrova") / [Dmitri Soloviev](/wiki/Dmitri_Soloviev "Dmitri Soloviev") withdrew due to a positive doping sample. They finished eleventh in the competition after placing eleventh in both the short and free dance.
### 2016–2017 season
Stepanova/Bukin started their season on the [Challenger Series](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_ISU_Challenger_Series "2016–17 ISU Challenger Series"), at the [2016 CS Finlandia Trophy](/wiki/2016_CS_Finlandia_Trophy "2016 CS Finlandia Trophy"). Ranked first in both segments, they earned personal best score and won the gold medal by a margin of 7\.07 points over silver medalists [Madison Hubbell](/wiki/Madison_Hubbell "Madison Hubbell") / [Zachary Donohue](/wiki/Zachary_Donohue "Zachary Donohue"). Their [Grand Prix](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating "2016–17 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating") assignments were the [2016 Skate Canada International](/wiki/2016_Skate_Canada_International "2016 Skate Canada International"), where they placed fifth, and [2016 Cup of China](/wiki/2016_Cup_of_China "2016 Cup of China"), where they won the bronze medal.
In December 2016 they won the silver medal at the [2017 Russian Championships](/wiki/2017_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships "2017 Russian Figure Skating Championships"). They later competed at the [2017 European Championships](/wiki/2017_European_Figure_Skating_Championships "2017 European Figure Skating Championships"), where they placed fifth, and at the [2017 World Championships](/wiki/2017_World_Figure_Skating_Championships "2017 World Figure Skating Championships") where they placed tenth.
### 2017–2018 season: Second European bronze
Stepanova/Bukin started their season by winning the silver medal at the [2017 CS Finlandia Trophy](/wiki/2017_CS_Finlandia_Trophy "2017 CS Finlandia Trophy"). They then won two bronze medals in the [Grand Prix](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating "2017–18 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating") series, the first bronze came at the [2017 Rostelecom Cup](/wiki/2017_Rostelecom_Cup "2017 Rostelecom Cup") and the second bronze came at the [2017 Internationaux de France](/wiki/2017_Internationaux_de_France "2017 Internationaux de France"). They then won the silver medal at the [2018 Russian Championships](/wiki/2018_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships "2018 Russian Figure Skating Championships"). A month later they won the bronze medal at the [2018 European Championships](/wiki/2018_European_Figure_Skating_Championships "2018 European Figure Skating Championships") after placing second in the short dance and third in the free dance.
They were not sent to the [2018 Winter Olympics](/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Ice_dancing "Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ice dancing") because it was announced by the Russian Figure Skating Federation on 23 January 2018 that the [International Olympic Committee](/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee "International Olympic Committee") did not invite Bukin to compete.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.olympic.org/news/reduced\-pool\-of\-russian\-athletes\-and\-officials\-who\-can\-be\-considered\-for\-invitation\-to\-pyeongchang\-2018\-determined \|website\=olympic.org \|title\=Reduced Pool of Russian Athletes and Officials Who Can Be Considered for Invitation to Pyeongchang 2018 Determined \|date\=19 January 2018}}
They later competed at the [2018 World Championships](/wiki/2018_World_Figure_Skating_Championships "2018 World Figure Skating Championships") where they finished seventh after placing seventh in both the short dance and the free dance.
### 2018–2019 season: European silver
Stepanova/Bukin started their season at the [2018 CS Finlandia Trophy](/wiki/2018_CS_Finlandia_Trophy "2018 CS Finlandia Trophy") where they won the gold medal with a personal best score of 200\.78 points. This was already their third victory at the [Finlandia Trophy](/wiki/Finlandia_Trophy "Finlandia Trophy") since they had won this event also in [2014](/wiki/2014_CS_Finlandia_Trophy "2014 CS Finlandia Trophy") and [2016](/wiki/2016_CS_Finlandia_Trophy "2016 CS Finlandia Trophy").
In early November Stepanova/Bukin won their first [Grand Prix](/wiki/ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating "ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating") gold medal at the [2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki](/wiki/2018_Grand_Prix_of_Helsinki "2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki"). They were ranked first in both the Rhythm dance and the free dance and won the gold medal by a margin of about 4 points over the silver medalists, [Charlène Guignard](/wiki/Charl%C3%A8ne_Guignard "Charlène Guignard") / [Marco Fabbri](/wiki/Marco_Fabbri "Marco Fabbri"). Two weeks later they won their second Grand Prix gold medal at the [2018 Rostelecom Cup](/wiki/2018_Rostelecom_Cup "2018 Rostelecom Cup"). They were ranked first in both programs and beat the silver medalists, [Sara Hurtado](/wiki/Sara_Hurtado "Sara Hurtado") / [Kirill Khaliavin](/wiki/Kirill_Khaliavin "Kirill Khaliavin") by about 25 points. With two Grand Prix gold medals they qualified for the [2018–19 Grand Prix Final](/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final "2018–2019 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final"), where they finished fourth.
At the [2019 Russian Championships](/wiki/2019_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships "2019 Russian Figure Skating Championships"), Stepanova/Bukin placed second in both programs, taking their third consecutive silver medal, behind [Victoria Sinitsina](/wiki/Victoria_Sinitsina "Victoria Sinitsina") / [Nikita Katsalapov](/wiki/Nikita_Katsalapov "Nikita Katsalapov"), who had also finished ahead of them at the Grand Prix Final. Reflecting afterward, Stepanova said "we didn’t skate without mistakes at nationals and we know what we have to work on. There is nothing we can leave out. We have to work on everything—on technique, emotions and our mistakes, every day. You need to skate perfectly."
Competing next at the [2019 European Championships](/wiki/2019_European_Figure_Skating_Championships "2019 European Figure Skating Championships"), Stepanova/Bukin placed second in the rhythm dance, behind Papadakis/Cizeron, earning their best score to date on the Tango Romantica [pattern dance](/wiki/Pattern_dance "Pattern dance") and capitalizing on serious errors by rivals Sinitsina/Katsalapov. They placed second in the free dance as well, winning the silver medal overall. Bukin called it "a big step forward for us." Stepanova/Bukin concluded the season at the [2019 World Championships](/wiki/2019_World_Figure_Skating_Championships "2019 World Figure Skating Championships"), where they placed third in the rhythm dance, winning a small bronze medal, but dropped to fourth place after the free dance. Stepanova pronounced them "ready to fight for the top three in the world."
### 2019–2020 season: Third European bronze
Having skipped the [Challenger series](/wiki/2019-20_ISU_Challenger_Series "2019-20 ISU Challenger Series") due to Stepanova recovering from a back injury, they began the season at [2019 Skate America](/wiki/2019_Skate_America "2019 Skate America"). They placed second in the short program. They narrowly won the free dance over gold medalists [Madison Hubbell](/wiki/Madison_Hubbell "Madison Hubbell") / [Zachary Donohue](/wiki/Zachary_Donohue "Zachary Donohue"), taking silver overall. Stepanova said she was "more pleased with our performance than yesterday." They won a second silver medal at the [2019 NHK Trophy](/wiki/2019_NHK_Trophy "2019 NHK Trophy"), qualifying to their second [Grand Prix Final](/wiki/2019-20_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final "2019-20 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final"). They placed fourth at the Final for the second year, notably placing ahead of domestic rivals Sinitsina/Katsalapov.
Competing at the [2020 Russian Championships](/wiki/2020_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships "2020 Russian Figure Skating Championships"), Stepanova/Bukin were second in the rhythm dance. They placed first in the free dance, but remained in second place overall behind Sinitsina/Katsalapov. Stepanova remarked "we’re happy with what we did."
In January, Stepanova/Bukin competed at the [2020 European Championships](/wiki/2020_European_Figure_Skating_Championships "2020 European Figure Skating Championships") in [Graz](/wiki/Graz "Graz"), Austria. They placed fourth in the rhythm dance and third in the free dance, taking their fourth European medal, a bronze, behind Russian teammates Sinitsina/Katsalapov and Papadakis/Cizeron of France. They had been assigned to compete at the [World Championships](/wiki/2020_World_Figure_Skating_Championships "2020 World Figure Skating Championships") in [Montreal](/wiki/Montreal "Montreal"), but these were cancelled as a result of the [coronavirus pandemic](/wiki/2019-20_COVID-19_pandemic "2019-20 COVID-19 pandemic").
### 2020–2021 season: First national title
Stepanova suffered from a reoccurrence of a back injury and sought treatment in Germany, as a result of which the team missed the 2020 Russian senior test skates. They were scheduled to compete on the [Grand Prix](/wiki/2020-21_ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating "2020-21 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating") at the [2020 Rostelecom Cup](/wiki/2020_Rostelecom_Cup "2020 Rostelecom Cup"), but withdrew due to a [COVID\-19](/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19") outbreak at their training centre. It was subsequently reported that both had caught the virus in succession, leaving them only three weeks to prepare for the national championships.
With rivals Sinitsina/Katsalapov withdrawing from the [2021 Russian Championships](/wiki/2021_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships "2021 Russian Figure Skating Championships") due to contracting COVID\-19 as well, Stepanova/Bukin entered the event as the heavy favourites to finally take the title. They won the rhythm dance by 3\.26 points over [Zahorski](/wiki/Tiffany_Zahorski "Tiffany Zahorski")/[Guerreiro](/wiki/Jonathan_Guerreiro "Jonathan Guerreiro"). They won the free dance as well by a 5\.96 point margin, taking the gold medal for the first time at the Russian Championships. Stepanova said afterward "there was not much time for the preparation and we were nervous. We didn't want to skate worse than we did last year." While the [European Championships](/wiki/2021_European_Figure_Skating_Championships "2021 European Figure Skating Championships") were already cancelled due to the pandemic, they were assigned to the Russian team for the [2021 World Championships](/wiki/2021_World_Figure_Skating_Championships "2021 World Figure Skating Championships") in [Stockholm](/wiki/Stockholm "Stockholm").
Following the national championships, Stepanova/Bukin participated in the [2021 Channel One Trophy](/wiki/2021_Channel_One_Trophy "2021 Channel One Trophy"), a televised team competition held in lieu of the cancelled [European Championships](/wiki/2021_European_Figure_Skating_Championships "2021 European Figure Skating Championships"). They were selected for the Time of Firsts team captained by [Evgenia Medvedeva](/wiki/Evgenia_Medvedeva "Evgenia Medvedeva"). They placed first in both their segments of the competition, while their team finished in second overall. They did not participate in the Russian Cup Final.
Four\-time and defending World champions [Papadakis](/wiki/Gabriella_Papadakis "Gabriella Papadakis")/[Cizeron](/wiki/Guillaume_Cizeron "Guillaume Cizeron") declined to compete at the World Championships in Stockholm, seeming to invite a major contest between six teams, Stepanova/Bukin among them, to make the podium. They placed fifth in the rhythm dance, 0\.35 behind Canadians [Gilles](/wiki/Piper_Gilles "Piper Gilles")/[Poirier](/wiki/Paul_Poirier "Paul Poirier") in fourth, after making errors in their steps. They were fifth in the free dance as well, holding fifth place overall. Stepanova called the rhythm dance mistakes "a huge lesson for us." Their placement combined with Sinitsina/Katsalapov's gold medal qualified three berths for Russian dance teams at the [2022 Winter Olympics](/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics "2022 Winter Olympics").
### 2021–2022 season: Beijing Olympics
Stepanova and Bukin did not appear at the Russian test skates, citing medical reasons. They were scheduled to make their debut at the [2021 CS Finlandia Trophy](/wiki/2021_CS_Finlandia_Trophy "2021 CS Finlandia Trophy"), but withdrew days beforehand, with their coach citing a need for additional preparation time.
Stepanova/Bukin were initially assigned to the [2021 Cup of China](/wiki/2021_Cup_of_China "2021 Cup of China") as their first [Grand Prix](/wiki/2021-22_ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating "2021-22 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating") event, but following its cancellation they were reassigned to the [2021 Gran Premio d'Italia](/wiki/2021_Gran_Premio_d%27Italia "2021 Gran Premio d'Italia"). Third in both segments, they won the bronze medal. They said afterward that they felt lacking in confidence heading into the event. They won a bronze medal as well at their second event, the [2021 Internationaux de France](/wiki/2021_Internationaux_de_France "2021 Internationaux de France"), with Bukin saying that they had "made a little step forward since our first Grand Prix in Italy and we are more satisfied with what we did here."
At the [2022 Russian Championships](/wiki/2022_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships "2022 Russian Figure Skating Championships"), Stepanova/Bukin were second in the rhythm dance behind [Sinitsina](/wiki/Victoria_Sinitsina "Victoria Sinitsina")/[Katsalapov](/wiki/Nikita_Katsalapov "Nikita Katsalapov"). After the latter withdrew for health reasons, Stepanova/Bukin easily won their second consecutive national title. Bukin said "something incredible, beautiful, it was really pleasant." They went on to win the silver medal at the [2022 European Championships](/wiki/2022_European_Figure_Skating_Championships "2022 European Figure Skating Championships"). On January 20, they were officially named to the [Russian Olympic team](/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics "Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics").
Competing at the [2022 Winter Olympics](/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics "2022 Winter Olympics"), Stepanova/Bukin placed fifth in the rhythm dance in the [dance event](/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Ice_dance "Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Ice dance"). In the free dance, they botched the choreographic slide at the end of the program, finishing eighth in that segment and dropping to sixth overall.
### Television
He appeared in the ninth season of ice show contest *[Ice Age](/wiki/Ice_Age_%28TV_program%29 "Ice Age (TV program)")*.
|
[
"Career\n------",
"### Early years",
"Bukin began learning to skate in 1998\\. He started out in single skating but was asked to switch to ice dancing. He initially disliked skating but over time grew to love dance. He skated briefly with [Elena Ilinykh](/wiki/Elena_Ilinykh \"Elena Ilinykh\"). Bukin was partnered with Stepanova in 2006 by coaches [Irina Zhuk](/wiki/Irina_Zhuk \"Irina Zhuk\") and [Alexander Svinin](/wiki/Alexander_Svinin \"Alexander Svinin\") and trains in Moscow.",
"### 2010–2011 to 2011–2012",
"Stepanova/Bukin debuted on the Junior Grand Prix series in the [2010–2011](/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_ISU_Junior_Grand_Prix \"2010–11 ISU Junior Grand Prix\") season. They won both of their events and qualified for the [2010 JGP Final](/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final \"2010–11 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final\"), where they won the bronze medal.",
"Stepanova/Bukin won both of their [2011–2012 JGP](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_ISU_Junior_Grand_Prix \"2011–12 ISU Junior Grand Prix\") events, Romania and Italy. Their placements qualified them for the [JGP Final](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final \"2011–12 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final\") where they placed fourth in the short and second in the free dance to receive the bronze medal. They won silver at the [2012 Russian Junior Championships](/wiki/2012_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2012 Russian Figure Skating Championships\"). Stepanova/Bukin then competed at the [2012 World Junior Championships](/wiki/2012_World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2012 World Junior Figure Skating Championships\") and won the silver medal.",
"### 2012–2013 season: World Junior title",
"Stepanova/Bukin won gold medals at their [JGP events in Turkey and Germany](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_ISU_Junior_Grand_Prix \"2012–13 ISU Junior Grand Prix\"), qualifying them for the [JGP Final](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final \"2012–13 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final\") in [Sochi](/wiki/Sochi \"Sochi\"), Russia. They won the gold medal in their third appearance at the final. Stepanova/Bukin withdrew from the [2013 Russian Junior Championships](/wiki/2013_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2013 Russian Figure Skating Championships\") due to Bukin's cold and sinusitis. They were assigned to the [2013 World Junior Championships](/wiki/2013_World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2013 World Junior Figure Skating Championships\") where they won the gold medal, more than seven points ahead of French ice dancers [Gabriella Papadakis](/wiki/Gabriella_Papadakis \"Gabriella Papadakis\") / [Guillaume Cizeron](/wiki/Guillaume_Cizeron \"Guillaume Cizeron\"). After the event, the duo and their coaches discussed whether to move up to the senior level.",
"### 2013–2014 season: Senior debut",
"Stepanova/Bukin decided to make their senior debut in the [2013–2014 season](/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_figure_skating_season \"2013–14 figure skating season\"). They were assigned to one [Grand Prix](/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating \"2013–14 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating\") event, the [2013 Skate Canada](/wiki/2013_Skate_Canada_International \"2013 Skate Canada International\"), and finished eighth. They came in fifth at the [2013 Winter Universiade](/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2013_Winter_Universiade \"Figure skating at the 2013 Winter Universiade\"). At the [Russian Championships](/wiki/2014_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2014 Russian Figure Skating Championships\"), Stepanova/Bukin finished sixth on the senior level and won gold on the junior level ahead of [Yanovskaya](/wiki/Anna_Yanovskaya \"Anna Yanovskaya\")/[Mozgov](/wiki/Sergey_Mozgov \"Sergey Mozgov\"). They were assigned to the [2014 World Junior Championships](/wiki/2014_World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2014 World Junior Figure Skating Championships\") but withdrew due to illness.",
"### 2014–2015 season: European bronze",
"Stepanova/Bukin began their season with a gold medal at the [2014 Finlandia Trophy](/wiki/2014_Finlandia_Trophy \"2014 Finlandia Trophy\"), an [ISU Challenger Series](/wiki/ISU_Challenger_Series \"ISU Challenger Series\") (CS) event. Their first [Grand Prix](/wiki/ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating \"ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating\") medal, bronze, came at the [2014 Skate America](/wiki/2014_Skate_America \"2014 Skate America\"). At the [2014 Rostelecom Cup](/wiki/2014_Rostelecom_Cup \"2014 Rostelecom Cup\"), they finished fifth. Stepanova/Bukin took bronze at the [2015 Russian Championships](/wiki/2015_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2015 Russian Figure Skating Championships\") and were assigned to the [2015 European Championships](/wiki/2015_European_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2015 European Figure Skating Championships\") in [Stockholm](/wiki/Stockholm \"Stockholm\"). They were awarded the bronze medal in Sweden, ahead of [Elena Ilinykh](/wiki/Elena_Ilinykh \"Elena Ilinykh\") / [Ruslan Zhiganshin](/wiki/Ruslan_Zhiganshin \"Ruslan Zhiganshin\"). They ended their season at the [2015 World Championships](/wiki/2015_World_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2015 World Figure Skating Championships\") in [Shanghai](/wiki/Shanghai \"Shanghai\"), finishing ninth.",
"### 2015–2016 season",
"Stepanova/Bukin had planned to begin the [2015–2016 season](/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_figure_skating_season \"2015–16 figure skating season\") at the [2015 CS Finlandia Trophy](/wiki/2015_CS_Finlandia_Trophy \"2015 CS Finlandia Trophy\"), however, they withdrew because Bukin's off\\-season illness had slowed their preparations for the season. At the [2015 Trophée Éric Bompard](/wiki/2015_Troph%C3%A9e_%C3%89ric_Bompard \"2015 Trophée Éric Bompard\"), they placed third in the short dance, which was accepted as the final result following the competition's cancellation due to the [November 2015 Paris attacks](/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks \"November 2015 Paris attacks\"). They finished fourth overall at their next Grand Prix event, the [2015 NHK Trophy](/wiki/2015_NHK_Trophy \"2015 NHK Trophy\"). Stepanova/Bukin edged out Ilinykh/Zhiganshin for the bronze medal at the [Russian Championships](/wiki/2016_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2016 Russian Figure Skating Championships\") in late December in [Ekaterinburg](/wiki/Ekaterinburg \"Ekaterinburg\") and finished as the third Russian team, in fifth place, in January 2016 at the [European Championships](/wiki/2016_European_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2016 European Figure Skating Championships\") in [Bratislava](/wiki/Bratislava \"Bratislava\").",
"Stepanova/Bukin were assigned to the [2016 World Championships](/wiki/2016_World_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2016 World Figure Skating Championships\") in [Boston](/wiki/Boston \"Boston\") after [Ekaterina Bobrova](/wiki/Ekaterina_Bobrova \"Ekaterina Bobrova\") / [Dmitri Soloviev](/wiki/Dmitri_Soloviev \"Dmitri Soloviev\") withdrew due to a positive doping sample. They finished eleventh in the competition after placing eleventh in both the short and free dance.",
"### 2016–2017 season",
"Stepanova/Bukin started their season on the [Challenger Series](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_ISU_Challenger_Series \"2016–17 ISU Challenger Series\"), at the [2016 CS Finlandia Trophy](/wiki/2016_CS_Finlandia_Trophy \"2016 CS Finlandia Trophy\"). Ranked first in both segments, they earned personal best score and won the gold medal by a margin of 7\\.07 points over silver medalists [Madison Hubbell](/wiki/Madison_Hubbell \"Madison Hubbell\") / [Zachary Donohue](/wiki/Zachary_Donohue \"Zachary Donohue\"). Their [Grand Prix](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating \"2016–17 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating\") assignments were the [2016 Skate Canada International](/wiki/2016_Skate_Canada_International \"2016 Skate Canada International\"), where they placed fifth, and [2016 Cup of China](/wiki/2016_Cup_of_China \"2016 Cup of China\"), where they won the bronze medal.",
"In December 2016 they won the silver medal at the [2017 Russian Championships](/wiki/2017_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2017 Russian Figure Skating Championships\"). They later competed at the [2017 European Championships](/wiki/2017_European_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2017 European Figure Skating Championships\"), where they placed fifth, and at the [2017 World Championships](/wiki/2017_World_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2017 World Figure Skating Championships\") where they placed tenth.",
"### 2017–2018 season: Second European bronze",
"Stepanova/Bukin started their season by winning the silver medal at the [2017 CS Finlandia Trophy](/wiki/2017_CS_Finlandia_Trophy \"2017 CS Finlandia Trophy\"). They then won two bronze medals in the [Grand Prix](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating \"2017–18 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating\") series, the first bronze came at the [2017 Rostelecom Cup](/wiki/2017_Rostelecom_Cup \"2017 Rostelecom Cup\") and the second bronze came at the [2017 Internationaux de France](/wiki/2017_Internationaux_de_France \"2017 Internationaux de France\"). They then won the silver medal at the [2018 Russian Championships](/wiki/2018_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2018 Russian Figure Skating Championships\"). A month later they won the bronze medal at the [2018 European Championships](/wiki/2018_European_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2018 European Figure Skating Championships\") after placing second in the short dance and third in the free dance.",
"They were not sent to the [2018 Winter Olympics](/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Ice_dancing \"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ice dancing\") because it was announced by the Russian Figure Skating Federation on 23 January 2018 that the [International Olympic Committee](/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee \"International Olympic Committee\") did not invite Bukin to compete.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.olympic.org/news/reduced\\-pool\\-of\\-russian\\-athletes\\-and\\-officials\\-who\\-can\\-be\\-considered\\-for\\-invitation\\-to\\-pyeongchang\\-2018\\-determined \\|website\\=olympic.org \\|title\\=Reduced Pool of Russian Athletes and Officials Who Can Be Considered for Invitation to Pyeongchang 2018 Determined \\|date\\=19 January 2018}}",
"They later competed at the [2018 World Championships](/wiki/2018_World_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2018 World Figure Skating Championships\") where they finished seventh after placing seventh in both the short dance and the free dance.",
"### 2018–2019 season: European silver",
"Stepanova/Bukin started their season at the [2018 CS Finlandia Trophy](/wiki/2018_CS_Finlandia_Trophy \"2018 CS Finlandia Trophy\") where they won the gold medal with a personal best score of 200\\.78 points. This was already their third victory at the [Finlandia Trophy](/wiki/Finlandia_Trophy \"Finlandia Trophy\") since they had won this event also in [2014](/wiki/2014_CS_Finlandia_Trophy \"2014 CS Finlandia Trophy\") and [2016](/wiki/2016_CS_Finlandia_Trophy \"2016 CS Finlandia Trophy\").",
"In early November Stepanova/Bukin won their first [Grand Prix](/wiki/ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating \"ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating\") gold medal at the [2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki](/wiki/2018_Grand_Prix_of_Helsinki \"2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki\"). They were ranked first in both the Rhythm dance and the free dance and won the gold medal by a margin of about 4 points over the silver medalists, [Charlène Guignard](/wiki/Charl%C3%A8ne_Guignard \"Charlène Guignard\") / [Marco Fabbri](/wiki/Marco_Fabbri \"Marco Fabbri\"). Two weeks later they won their second Grand Prix gold medal at the [2018 Rostelecom Cup](/wiki/2018_Rostelecom_Cup \"2018 Rostelecom Cup\"). They were ranked first in both programs and beat the silver medalists, [Sara Hurtado](/wiki/Sara_Hurtado \"Sara Hurtado\") / [Kirill Khaliavin](/wiki/Kirill_Khaliavin \"Kirill Khaliavin\") by about 25 points. With two Grand Prix gold medals they qualified for the [2018–19 Grand Prix Final](/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final \"2018–2019 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final\"), where they finished fourth.",
"At the [2019 Russian Championships](/wiki/2019_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2019 Russian Figure Skating Championships\"), Stepanova/Bukin placed second in both programs, taking their third consecutive silver medal, behind [Victoria Sinitsina](/wiki/Victoria_Sinitsina \"Victoria Sinitsina\") / [Nikita Katsalapov](/wiki/Nikita_Katsalapov \"Nikita Katsalapov\"), who had also finished ahead of them at the Grand Prix Final. Reflecting afterward, Stepanova said \"we didn’t skate without mistakes at nationals and we know what we have to work on. There is nothing we can leave out. We have to work on everything—on technique, emotions and our mistakes, every day. You need to skate perfectly.\"",
"Competing next at the [2019 European Championships](/wiki/2019_European_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2019 European Figure Skating Championships\"), Stepanova/Bukin placed second in the rhythm dance, behind Papadakis/Cizeron, earning their best score to date on the Tango Romantica [pattern dance](/wiki/Pattern_dance \"Pattern dance\") and capitalizing on serious errors by rivals Sinitsina/Katsalapov. They placed second in the free dance as well, winning the silver medal overall. Bukin called it \"a big step forward for us.\" Stepanova/Bukin concluded the season at the [2019 World Championships](/wiki/2019_World_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2019 World Figure Skating Championships\"), where they placed third in the rhythm dance, winning a small bronze medal, but dropped to fourth place after the free dance. Stepanova pronounced them \"ready to fight for the top three in the world.\"",
"### 2019–2020 season: Third European bronze",
"Having skipped the [Challenger series](/wiki/2019-20_ISU_Challenger_Series \"2019-20 ISU Challenger Series\") due to Stepanova recovering from a back injury, they began the season at [2019 Skate America](/wiki/2019_Skate_America \"2019 Skate America\"). They placed second in the short program. They narrowly won the free dance over gold medalists [Madison Hubbell](/wiki/Madison_Hubbell \"Madison Hubbell\") / [Zachary Donohue](/wiki/Zachary_Donohue \"Zachary Donohue\"), taking silver overall. Stepanova said she was \"more pleased with our performance than yesterday.\" They won a second silver medal at the [2019 NHK Trophy](/wiki/2019_NHK_Trophy \"2019 NHK Trophy\"), qualifying to their second [Grand Prix Final](/wiki/2019-20_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final \"2019-20 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final\"). They placed fourth at the Final for the second year, notably placing ahead of domestic rivals Sinitsina/Katsalapov.",
"Competing at the [2020 Russian Championships](/wiki/2020_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2020 Russian Figure Skating Championships\"), Stepanova/Bukin were second in the rhythm dance. They placed first in the free dance, but remained in second place overall behind Sinitsina/Katsalapov. Stepanova remarked \"we’re happy with what we did.\"",
"In January, Stepanova/Bukin competed at the [2020 European Championships](/wiki/2020_European_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2020 European Figure Skating Championships\") in [Graz](/wiki/Graz \"Graz\"), Austria. They placed fourth in the rhythm dance and third in the free dance, taking their fourth European medal, a bronze, behind Russian teammates Sinitsina/Katsalapov and Papadakis/Cizeron of France. They had been assigned to compete at the [World Championships](/wiki/2020_World_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2020 World Figure Skating Championships\") in [Montreal](/wiki/Montreal \"Montreal\"), but these were cancelled as a result of the [coronavirus pandemic](/wiki/2019-20_COVID-19_pandemic \"2019-20 COVID-19 pandemic\").",
"### 2020–2021 season: First national title",
"Stepanova suffered from a reoccurrence of a back injury and sought treatment in Germany, as a result of which the team missed the 2020 Russian senior test skates. They were scheduled to compete on the [Grand Prix](/wiki/2020-21_ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating \"2020-21 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating\") at the [2020 Rostelecom Cup](/wiki/2020_Rostelecom_Cup \"2020 Rostelecom Cup\"), but withdrew due to a [COVID\\-19](/wiki/COVID-19 \"COVID-19\") outbreak at their training centre. It was subsequently reported that both had caught the virus in succession, leaving them only three weeks to prepare for the national championships.",
"With rivals Sinitsina/Katsalapov withdrawing from the [2021 Russian Championships](/wiki/2021_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2021 Russian Figure Skating Championships\") due to contracting COVID\\-19 as well, Stepanova/Bukin entered the event as the heavy favourites to finally take the title. They won the rhythm dance by 3\\.26 points over [Zahorski](/wiki/Tiffany_Zahorski \"Tiffany Zahorski\")/[Guerreiro](/wiki/Jonathan_Guerreiro \"Jonathan Guerreiro\"). They won the free dance as well by a 5\\.96 point margin, taking the gold medal for the first time at the Russian Championships. Stepanova said afterward \"there was not much time for the preparation and we were nervous. We didn't want to skate worse than we did last year.\" While the [European Championships](/wiki/2021_European_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2021 European Figure Skating Championships\") were already cancelled due to the pandemic, they were assigned to the Russian team for the [2021 World Championships](/wiki/2021_World_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2021 World Figure Skating Championships\") in [Stockholm](/wiki/Stockholm \"Stockholm\").",
"Following the national championships, Stepanova/Bukin participated in the [2021 Channel One Trophy](/wiki/2021_Channel_One_Trophy \"2021 Channel One Trophy\"), a televised team competition held in lieu of the cancelled [European Championships](/wiki/2021_European_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2021 European Figure Skating Championships\"). They were selected for the Time of Firsts team captained by [Evgenia Medvedeva](/wiki/Evgenia_Medvedeva \"Evgenia Medvedeva\"). They placed first in both their segments of the competition, while their team finished in second overall. They did not participate in the Russian Cup Final.",
"Four\\-time and defending World champions [Papadakis](/wiki/Gabriella_Papadakis \"Gabriella Papadakis\")/[Cizeron](/wiki/Guillaume_Cizeron \"Guillaume Cizeron\") declined to compete at the World Championships in Stockholm, seeming to invite a major contest between six teams, Stepanova/Bukin among them, to make the podium. They placed fifth in the rhythm dance, 0\\.35 behind Canadians [Gilles](/wiki/Piper_Gilles \"Piper Gilles\")/[Poirier](/wiki/Paul_Poirier \"Paul Poirier\") in fourth, after making errors in their steps. They were fifth in the free dance as well, holding fifth place overall. Stepanova called the rhythm dance mistakes \"a huge lesson for us.\" Their placement combined with Sinitsina/Katsalapov's gold medal qualified three berths for Russian dance teams at the [2022 Winter Olympics](/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics \"2022 Winter Olympics\").",
"### 2021–2022 season: Beijing Olympics",
"Stepanova and Bukin did not appear at the Russian test skates, citing medical reasons. They were scheduled to make their debut at the [2021 CS Finlandia Trophy](/wiki/2021_CS_Finlandia_Trophy \"2021 CS Finlandia Trophy\"), but withdrew days beforehand, with their coach citing a need for additional preparation time.",
"Stepanova/Bukin were initially assigned to the [2021 Cup of China](/wiki/2021_Cup_of_China \"2021 Cup of China\") as their first [Grand Prix](/wiki/2021-22_ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating \"2021-22 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating\") event, but following its cancellation they were reassigned to the [2021 Gran Premio d'Italia](/wiki/2021_Gran_Premio_d%27Italia \"2021 Gran Premio d'Italia\"). Third in both segments, they won the bronze medal. They said afterward that they felt lacking in confidence heading into the event. They won a bronze medal as well at their second event, the [2021 Internationaux de France](/wiki/2021_Internationaux_de_France \"2021 Internationaux de France\"), with Bukin saying that they had \"made a little step forward since our first Grand Prix in Italy and we are more satisfied with what we did here.\"",
"At the [2022 Russian Championships](/wiki/2022_Russian_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2022 Russian Figure Skating Championships\"), Stepanova/Bukin were second in the rhythm dance behind [Sinitsina](/wiki/Victoria_Sinitsina \"Victoria Sinitsina\")/[Katsalapov](/wiki/Nikita_Katsalapov \"Nikita Katsalapov\"). After the latter withdrew for health reasons, Stepanova/Bukin easily won their second consecutive national title. Bukin said \"something incredible, beautiful, it was really pleasant.\" They went on to win the silver medal at the [2022 European Championships](/wiki/2022_European_Figure_Skating_Championships \"2022 European Figure Skating Championships\"). On January 20, they were officially named to the [Russian Olympic team](/wiki/Russian_Olympic_Committee_athletes_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics \"Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics\").",
"Competing at the [2022 Winter Olympics](/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics \"2022 Winter Olympics\"), Stepanova/Bukin placed fifth in the rhythm dance in the [dance event](/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Ice_dance \"Figure skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Ice dance\"). In the free dance, they botched the choreographic slide at the end of the program, finishing eighth in that segment and dropping to sixth overall.",
"### Television",
"He appeared in the ninth season of ice show contest *[Ice Age](/wiki/Ice_Age_%28TV_program%29 \"Ice Age (TV program)\")*.",
""
] |
History
-------
The company commenced when John Frederick Baumann migrated from England to South Africa, where in 1851 at the age of 26 he established a grocery and bread bakery in [Durban](/wiki/Durban "Durban"), in the British [Colony of Natal](/wiki/Colony_of_Natal "Colony of Natal") (now a province of [South Africa](/wiki/South_Africa "South Africa")). In 1879 Baumann visited London where he met with his nephew, John Michael Leonard Baumann, suggesting he emigrate to South Africa. J. M. L. Baumann had previously left his native village in [Niederstetten](/wiki/Niederstetten "Niederstetten"), [Germany](/wiki/Germany "Germany") at the age of 16, and moved to [London](/wiki/London "London") where he worked as a baker's assistant before acquiring his own bakery business.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.bakers.co.za/about/history/ \|title\=History \|author\= \|publisher\=Bakers \|date\= \|accessdate\=2016\-06\-27}}
J. M. L. Baumann arrived in Durban in 1881 and joined his uncle's bakery and grocery business. A few years later when the lease on their premises expired, J. M. L. Baumann purchased the bakery operations from his uncle. He bought a site at the corner of Brickhill Road and West Street, where he constructed a small building. In 1885 Baumann purchased a hand\-operated biscuit machine for £65 from another baker, Plowright. The machine produced 'dry' biscuits for sale to ships and army garrisons.
In 1895 Baumann purchased an advanced biscuit machine and commenced manufacture of more 'fancy biscuits' such as Ginger Nuts and [Marie](/wiki/Marie_biscuit "Marie biscuit"). He printed his first price list and operated under the name L. Baumann \& Co
The factory survived the anti\-German riots of 1915 when the shop and bread and cake premises were burnt down. At the time, the biscuit factory was producing biscuits for the army, and two of JML Baumann's sons were fighting the Germans in the then German colony of [South West Africa](/wiki/South_West_Africa "South West Africa") (now [Namibia](/wiki/Namibia "Namibia")). The factory was put under government protection to prevent further damage.
Due to the anti\-German sentiment in 1915, the company's name was changed from Baumann's to Bakers Limited. In 1918 Baumann's son, William, opened a biscuit factory in [Cape Town](/wiki/Cape_Town "Cape Town"), the business was registered in October 1918 as Selected Products Ltd, trading as Baumann's Biscuits. William sold the company back to Bakers Limited in 1922 but continued to operate it as a subsidiary.
At the beginning of the 1930s, almost 200 people were employed and the 1935 wholesale catalogue listed 240 different biscuit lines. Originally biscuits were packed loose in tins and the company was prepared to pay railage on the empty returns.
The company then introduced packets which consisted of two layers of paper: one was the familiar blue lattice printed Bakers paper and the other inside layer was of 'pure vegetable parchment'.
In 1968 Bakers Ltd established a factory at [Isando](/wiki/Isando "Isando") in the [Transvaal](/wiki/South_African_Republic "South African Republic"). Bakers Ltd then established a new factory at [Pinetown](/wiki/Pinetown "Pinetown"), which commenced operations on 6 December 1972\. The following year the company closed their operations in Durban and consolidated them at the new Pinetown factory. In 1977 Bakers Ltd built a small factory, Lexim (Pty) Ltd, at [Butterworth](/wiki/Butterworth%2C_Eastern_Cape "Butterworth, Eastern Cape"), [Transkei](/wiki/Transkei "Transkei").
In 1981 the company was acquired by [Anglovaal Industries Limited](/wiki/Anglovaal "Anglovaal") (AVI). In 1993 AVI purchased Pyotts Pty Ltd, a savoury biscuit manufacturer, and the following year regrouped the companies under the title, Associated Biscuits.
In 1996 Associated Biscuits was consolidated into National Brands Limited.
In 2014, Bakers entered the breakfast market, launching Bakers Good Morning Breakfast biscuits.
|
[
"History\n-------",
"The company commenced when John Frederick Baumann migrated from England to South Africa, where in 1851 at the age of 26 he established a grocery and bread bakery in [Durban](/wiki/Durban \"Durban\"), in the British [Colony of Natal](/wiki/Colony_of_Natal \"Colony of Natal\") (now a province of [South Africa](/wiki/South_Africa \"South Africa\")). In 1879 Baumann visited London where he met with his nephew, John Michael Leonard Baumann, suggesting he emigrate to South Africa. J. M. L. Baumann had previously left his native village in [Niederstetten](/wiki/Niederstetten \"Niederstetten\"), [Germany](/wiki/Germany \"Germany\") at the age of 16, and moved to [London](/wiki/London \"London\") where he worked as a baker's assistant before acquiring his own bakery business.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.bakers.co.za/about/history/ \\|title\\=History \\|author\\= \\|publisher\\=Bakers \\|date\\= \\|accessdate\\=2016\\-06\\-27}}",
"J. M. L. Baumann arrived in Durban in 1881 and joined his uncle's bakery and grocery business. A few years later when the lease on their premises expired, J. M. L. Baumann purchased the bakery operations from his uncle. He bought a site at the corner of Brickhill Road and West Street, where he constructed a small building. In 1885 Baumann purchased a hand\\-operated biscuit machine for £65 from another baker, Plowright. The machine produced 'dry' biscuits for sale to ships and army garrisons.",
"In 1895 Baumann purchased an advanced biscuit machine and commenced manufacture of more 'fancy biscuits' such as Ginger Nuts and [Marie](/wiki/Marie_biscuit \"Marie biscuit\"). He printed his first price list and operated under the name L. Baumann \\& Co \nThe factory survived the anti\\-German riots of 1915 when the shop and bread and cake premises were burnt down. At the time, the biscuit factory was producing biscuits for the army, and two of JML Baumann's sons were fighting the Germans in the then German colony of [South West Africa](/wiki/South_West_Africa \"South West Africa\") (now [Namibia](/wiki/Namibia \"Namibia\")). The factory was put under government protection to prevent further damage.",
"Due to the anti\\-German sentiment in 1915, the company's name was changed from Baumann's to Bakers Limited. In 1918 Baumann's son, William, opened a biscuit factory in [Cape Town](/wiki/Cape_Town \"Cape Town\"), the business was registered in October 1918 as Selected Products Ltd, trading as Baumann's Biscuits. William sold the company back to Bakers Limited in 1922 but continued to operate it as a subsidiary.",
"At the beginning of the 1930s, almost 200 people were employed and the 1935 wholesale catalogue listed 240 different biscuit lines. Originally biscuits were packed loose in tins and the company was prepared to pay railage on the empty returns.",
"The company then introduced packets which consisted of two layers of paper: one was the familiar blue lattice printed Bakers paper and the other inside layer was of 'pure vegetable parchment'.",
"In 1968 Bakers Ltd established a factory at [Isando](/wiki/Isando \"Isando\") in the [Transvaal](/wiki/South_African_Republic \"South African Republic\"). Bakers Ltd then established a new factory at [Pinetown](/wiki/Pinetown \"Pinetown\"), which commenced operations on 6 December 1972\\. The following year the company closed their operations in Durban and consolidated them at the new Pinetown factory. In 1977 Bakers Ltd built a small factory, Lexim (Pty) Ltd, at [Butterworth](/wiki/Butterworth%2C_Eastern_Cape \"Butterworth, Eastern Cape\"), [Transkei](/wiki/Transkei \"Transkei\").",
"In 1981 the company was acquired by [Anglovaal Industries Limited](/wiki/Anglovaal \"Anglovaal\") (AVI). In 1993 AVI purchased Pyotts Pty Ltd, a savoury biscuit manufacturer, and the following year regrouped the companies under the title, Associated Biscuits.",
"In 1996 Associated Biscuits was consolidated into National Brands Limited.",
"In 2014, Bakers entered the breakfast market, launching Bakers Good Morning Breakfast biscuits.",
""
] |
History
-------
### Emmanuel Church
[thumb\|Site of the former Hog Hill chapel, Downing Place, Cambridge](/wiki/File:Old_Music_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_831281.jpg "Old Music School - geograph.org.uk - 831281.jpg")
[thumb\|The former Emmanuel Church building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge](/wiki/File:Emmanuel_United_Reformed_Church%2C_Cambridge_color_corrected.jpg "Emmanuel United Reformed Church, Cambridge color corrected.jpg")
[thumb\|Stained\-glass windows of 1905 by [Morris \& Co.](/wiki/Morris_%26_Co. "Morris & Co.") in the former Emmanuel URC building, depicting Puritans with Cambridge connections. From left to right: [Henry Barrow](/wiki/Henry_Barrow "Henry Barrow"), [John Greenwood](/wiki/John_Greenwood_%28Puritan%29 "John Greenwood (Puritan)"), [Oliver Cromwell](/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell "Oliver Cromwell"), [John Milton](/wiki/John_Milton "John Milton"), [Francis Holcroft](/wiki/Francis_Holcroft "Francis Holcroft") and [Joseph Hussey](/wiki/Joseph_Hussey "Joseph Hussey")](/wiki/File:Emmanuel_United_Reformed_Church_interior%2C_Cambridge.jpg "Emmanuel United Reformed Church interior, Cambridge.jpg")
Originally a [congregational church](/wiki/Congregational_church "Congregational church"), Emmanuel voted to join the new [United Reformed Church](/wiki/United_Reformed_Church "United Reformed Church") in 1972\. Emmanuel had been known by different names over the years, first as the 'Hog Hill Independent Church' and then the 'Emmanuel Congregational Chapel' or 'Emmanuel Congregational Church'.
The Emmanuel congregation was founded as the Cambridge 'Great Meeting' in 1687, at Hog Hill, the original building being there, on what is now the Old Music School in [Downing Place](/wiki/Downing_Place "Downing Place"). From 1691 the minister was [Joseph Hussey](/wiki/Joseph_Hussey "Joseph Hussey");{{cite book \|author\-first\=Thomas Dinham \|author\-last\=Atkinson \|title\=Cambridge Described and Illustrated\| date\=1897 \|page\=173 \|url\=https://archive.org/stream/cambridgedescri00clargoog\#page/n240/mode/2up \|via\=Internet Archive \|publisher\=Macmillan}} he was commemorated in the stained glass in the apse of the Emmanuel church building alongside [John Greenwood](/wiki/John_Greenwood_%28Puritan%29 "John Greenwood (Puritan)"), [Henry Barrow](/wiki/Henry_Barrow "Henry Barrow"), [Oliver Cromwell](/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell "Oliver Cromwell"), [John Milton](/wiki/John_Milton "John Milton") and [Francis Holcroft](/wiki/Francis_Holcroft "Francis Holcroft"). Hussey's congregation split in 1696, with some going to the meeting in [Green Street, Cambridge](/wiki/Green_Street%2C_Cambridge "Green Street, Cambridge"), and again after he had left for London, in 1721, with a group founding the precursor of St Andrew's Street Baptist Church, Cambridge. The church was rebuilt on the same site, opening as Emmanuel Congregational Chapel in 1790\.{{cite book \|title\=A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 3, the City and University of Cambridge\| date\=1959 \|pages\=135–183 \|publisher\=Victoria County History \|chapter\=The city of Cambridge: Protestant Nonconformity \|chapter\-url\=https://www.british\-history.ac.uk/vch/cambs/vol3/pp135\-138 \|access\-date\=2 August 2020 \|editor1\-first\=J. P. C. \|editor1\-last\=Roach \|via\=British History Online}}*City of Cambridge*, vol.2 p.302 (1959\), Royal Commission of Ancient Monuments The move to the new church on [Trumpington Street](/wiki/Trumpington_Street "Trumpington Street"), called the Emmanuel Congregational Church, came in 1874\. The old chapel was put to use from 1881 as the [Balfour Biological Laboratory for Women](/wiki/Balfour_Biological_Laboratory_for_Women "Balfour Biological Laboratory for Women"), for female science students in the University of Cambridge.{{cite web \|url\=http://www.bioc.cam.ac.uk/history/3\-jubilee.html \|title\=The Hopkins Building Jubilee Celebrations \|author\-last\=Packman \|author\-first\=Len \|date\=2011 \|website\=Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge \|access\-date\=9 August 2011 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007162840/http://www.bioc.cam.ac.uk/history/3\-jubilee.html \|archive\-date\=7 October 2011 \|url\-status\=unfit }} Prior to September 2020, Emmanuel United Reformed Church occupied the Trumpington Street building. It was built to a design by the architect [James Cubitt](/wiki/James_Cubitt "James Cubitt") in 1875\. The church was listed as [Grade II](/wiki/Grade_II "Grade II") in 1996\.{{National Heritage List for England\|num\=1268350\|desc\=Emmanuel United Reformed Church\|grade\=II}} The building was sold to Pembroke College to form part of the college's Mill Lane development project.
In the years leading up to the merger, Emmanuel organised regular [Sunday worship](/wiki/Church_service "Church service") and a programme of community activities in the recent past: a volunteer\-staffed [fairtrade cafe](/wiki/Fairtrade_certification "Fairtrade certification"), a series of [lunchtime music recitals](/wiki/Concert "Concert") and a share in Hope Cambridge's [Churches Homeless Project](/wiki/Cambridge_Churches_Homeless_Project "Cambridge Churches Homeless Project"). The Cambridge branch of the [Open Table Network](/wiki/Open_Table_Network "Open Table Network") was founded here in July 2018\.{{cite web
\|url\=https://downingplaceurc.org/
\|author\=Downing Place URC
\|title\=Home
\|access\-date\=23 June 2022
\|archive\-date\=11 August 2020
\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811185245/https://downingplaceurc.org/
}}
### St Columba's Church
{{Expand section\|date\=August 2020\|1\=more \[\[WP:VERIFY\|verifiable]] information about the history of St Columba's Church}}
[thumb\|St Columba's from across Downing Place (before refurbishment)](/wiki/File:St_Columba%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1333389.jpg "St Columba's Church - geograph.org.uk - 1333389.jpg")
St Columba's was originally a Presbyterian church. A Presbyterian congregation was first registered in Cambridge in 1689, at that time based in Green Street. The congregation of St Columba's was formally established in 1881,{{cite book \|last1\=Knox \|first1\=R Buick \|title\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\-1979 \|date\=1979 \|location\=Cambridge \|pages\=1–8}} initially worshipping in [Cambridge Guildhall](/wiki/Cambridge_Guildhall "Cambridge Guildhall").
The St Columba’s church building, on the corner of Downing Place and [Downing Street](/wiki/Downing_Street%2C_Cambridge "Downing Street, Cambridge"), was built in 1891 in the Early English style to the designs of Scottish architect [John Macvicar Anderson](/wiki/John_Macvicar_Anderson "John Macvicar Anderson"). As well as being a congregation of the [Presbyterian Church of England](/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_England "Presbyterian Church of England") and, from 1972, of the United Reformed Church, St Columba's was also the Chaplaincy for the [Church of Scotland](/wiki/Church_of_Scotland "Church of Scotland") to the [University of Cambridge](/wiki/University_of_Cambridge "University of Cambridge"); the minister's appointment as chaplain being with the concurrence of the Kirk's Presbytery of England.{{cite book \|title\=Year Book 2007/2008 \|date\=2007 \|publisher\=Church of Scotland \|location\=Edinburgh \|pages\=296}}
In the years leading up to the merger, St Columba's, the church's programme included regular Sunday worship, hosting a group therapy centre, and a night\-time drop\-in centre hosted by Cambridge Street Pastors.
### Merger to form Downing Place United Reformed Church
On 9 June (St Columba's Day) 2018, St Columba's Church and Emmanuel Church united to form Downing Place United Reformed Church. The combined congregation occupies the former St Columba's building in Downing Place. The St Columba’s site has been extensively renovated as part of a £3\.3 million project led by Archangel Architects.
The Emmanuel building was sold to [Pembroke College, Cambridge](/wiki/Pembroke_College%2C_Cambridge "Pembroke College, Cambridge") across the road in Trumpington Street, who intended to retain it as a lecture and performance area as part of their Mill Lane redevelopment. The final service in the Emmanuel building took place on 26 July 2020 and all church activities at Trumpington Street have ceased.
While the St Columba's Church building was closed for major building works, regular worship took place in [Westminster College, Cambridge](/wiki/Westminster_College%2C_Cambridge "Westminster College, Cambridge").{{cite news
\|url\=https://www.cambridgeindependent.co.uk/news/3\-3m\-vision\-is\-transforming\-iconic\-cambridge\-church\-9090299
\|title\=£3\.3m vision is transforming iconic Cambridge church
\|last1\=Curtis
\|first1\=Adrian
\|date\=27 November 2019
\|work\=Cambridge Independent
\|access\-date\=11 August 2020}}{{cite web
\|url\=https://www.emmanuel\-urc.org.uk
\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811180623/https://www.emmanuel\-urc.org.uk/
\|archive\-date\=11 August 2020
\|access\-date\=11 August 2020
\|author\=Emmanuel United Reformed Church
\|url\-status\=unfit
\|title\=Home
\|quote\=The last service to take place in the Emmanuel building was broadcast on Sunday 26 July .... Please visit our new website, Downing Place URC to follow us as we prepare to move to Downing Place as our permanent home ....
}}{{cite web
\|url\=https://downingplaceurc.org/
\|author\=Downing Place URC
\|title\=Home
\|access\-date\=11 August 2020
\|archive\-date\=11 August 2020
\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811185245/https://downingplaceurc.org/
\|quote\=... public worship will resume in September; and will take place at Westminster College while we await the completion of our refurbishment project on the Downing Place site.
}} The newly restored building was rededicated in November 2021\.
### People
{{Expand section\|date\=August 2020\|1\=more \[\[WP:VERIFY\|verifiable]] information about people from the St Columba's Church congregation \- the present list is Emmanuel\-centric}}
Ministers of Emmanuel Church have included:
* 1738–1754 [John Conder](/wiki/John_Conder "John Conder"){{ODNBweb\|id\=6058\|title\=Conder, John (1714–1781\)\|first\=J. H. Y.\|last\=Briggs}}
* 1767–1788 Joseph Saunders
* 1806–1817 William Harris
* 1848–1854 George Burder Bubier{{cite book \|chapter\-url\=https://archive.org/stream/transactions20unknuoft\#page/237/mode/2up \|title\=Transactions of the Congregational History Society \|volume\=XX \|pages\=237–254 \|editor\-last\=Taylor\| editor\-first\=John H. \|date\=1968 \|author\-last\=Binfield \|author\-first\=Clyde \|chapter \=Chapels in Crisis \|via\=Internet Archive}} (The most relevant text is on pp. 246\-247\.){{cite web\| website\=Dissenting Academics Online \|publisher\=Queen Mary Centre for Religion and Literature in English, Queen Mary University of London \|url\=http://dissacad.english.qmul.ac.uk/new\_dissacad/phpfiles/sample1\.php?asearch\=0\&detail\=people\¶meter\=Peoplesearchα\=Bubier\&personid\=497\| title\=Bubier, George Burder (c.1823\-c.1869\) \|access\-date\=2 August 2020}}
* 1859–1865 Thomas Campbell Finlayson{{cite web\| title\=Thomas Campbell Findlayson \|url\=http://www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id\=WH11352\&type\=P\&o\=\&start\=280\&max\=20\&l\=f \|website\=The University of Glasgow Story \|access\-date\=2 August 2020}}
* 1871–1872 [James Ward](/wiki/James_Ward_%28psychologist%29 "James Ward (psychologist)"){{ODNBweb
\|id\=36732
\|title\=Ward, James (1843–1925\)
\|first\=W. R.
\|last\=Sorely
\|first2\=Terrie M.
\|last2\=Romano
}}
* 1894–1901 [P. T. Forsyth](/wiki/P._T._Forsyth "P. T. Forsyth"){{ODNBweb
\|id\=37424
\|title\=Forsyth, Peter Taylor (1848–1921\)
\|first\=John
\|last\=Huxtable
}}
* 1902–1909 William Boothby Selbie{{cite encyclopedia \|title\=Selbie, William Boothby \|editor\-last\=Jackson \|editor\-first\=Samuel Macaulay \|volume\=X \|page\=338 \|date\=1953 \|encyclopedia\=The New Schaff\-Herzog Religious Encyclopedia\| url\=http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc10/htm\-old/0356\=338\.htm \|via\=Christian Classics Ethereal Library\| publisher\=Baker Book House \|location\=Grand Rapids, Michigan \|access\-date\=2 August 2020}}
* 1910–1942 Henry Child Carter
* 1974\-1982 Anthony (Tony) Coates
* Derek M Wales
* 1997\-2003 Paul Quilter
* \-2014 Lance Stone
* 2017\-2020 John Bradbury
Ministers of St Columba's Church:
* 1893\-1901 Halliday Douglas{{cite book \|last1\=Knox \|first1\=R. Buick \|title\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\-1979 \|date\=1979 \|location\=Cambridge \|pages\=24}}
* 1902\-1909 G. A. Johnston Ross{{cite book \|last1\=Knox \|first1\=R. Buick \|title\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\-1979 \|date\=1979 \|location\=Cambridge \|pages\=25–27}}
* 1910\-1919 Robert Strachan{{cite book \|last1\=Knox \|first1\=R. Buick \|title\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\-1979 \|date\=1979 \|location\=Cambridge \|pages\=27–28}}
* 1919\-1925 Innes Logan{{cite book \|last1\=Knox \|first1\=R. Buick \|title\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\-1979 \|date\=1979 \|location\=Cambridge \|pages\=28}}
* 1926\-1937 George Barclay{{cite book \|last1\=Knox \|first1\=R. Buick \|title\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\-1979 \|date\=1979 \|location\=Cambridge \|pages\=28–29}}
* 1938\-1943 T. Ralph Morton{{cite book \|last1\=Knox \|first1\=R. Buick \|title\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\-1979 \|date\=1979 \|location\=Cambridge \|pages\=29}}
* 1944\-1960 Albert Cooper{{cite book \|title\=The Official Handbook 1950\-51 \|date\=1950 \|publisher\=Presbyterian Church of England \|location\=London \|pages\=73}}
* 1961\-1981 Ronald Speirs{{cite book \|title\=Year Book 2004 \|date\=2004 \|publisher\=United Reformed Church \|location\=London \|pages\=278}}
* 1982\-1996 Ernest Marvin{{cite book \|title\=Year Book 2004 \|date\=2004 \|publisher\=United Reformed Church \|location\=London \|pages\=247}}
* 1997\-2008 [Keith Riglin](/wiki/Keith_Riglin "Keith Riglin"){{cite book \|title\=Year Book 2004 \|date\=2004 \|publisher\=United Reformed Church \|location\=London \|pages\=267}}
* 2010\-date Nigel Uden{{cn\|date\=May 2024}}
Among the other people who have been associated with the two churches over the years, [Michael Ramsey](/wiki/Michael_Ramsey "Michael Ramsey"), who later became Archbishop of York, worshipped at what was then Emmanuel Congregational church as a child, where his father was a deacon.{{cite web \|author\-first\=Patrick \|author\-last\=Commerford \|type\=blog\| date\=4 September 2015\| title\=Where part of Salvation is for sale at £2 and Oliver Cromwell is among the saints \|url\=http://www.patrickcomerford.com/2015/09/where\-part\-of\-salvation\-is\-for\-sale\-at.html \|website\=Patrick Commerford: an online journal on Anglicanism, theology, spirituality, history, architecture, travel, poetry, beach walks ... and more}}{{unreliable source?\|date\=August 2020}} Among those listed on the Roll of Honour of Missionaries valedicted from St Columba's Church{{cite book \|last1\=Knox \|first1\=R. Buick \|title\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\-1979 \|date\=1979 \|location\=Cambridge \|pages\=56–57}} are two notable ecumenists, [William Paton](/wiki/William_Paton_%28ecumenist%29 "William Paton (ecumenist)") to India in 1919 (first general secretary of what is now the [National Council of Churches in India](/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches_in_India "National Council of Churches in India")), and [Lesslie Newbigin](/wiki/Lesslie_Newbigin "Lesslie Newbigin") to India in 1936 (becoming one of the first bishops of the new [Church of South India](/wiki/Church_of_South_India "Church of South India") in 1947\). [Agnes Smith Lewis and Margaret Dunlop Gibson](/wiki/Agnes_and_Margaret_Smith "Agnes and Margaret Smith"), biblical scholars sometimes known as the "Westminster sisters" attended St Columba's Soskice, Janet (2009\), *Sisters of Sinai: How Two Lady Adventurers Found the Hidden Gospels.* London. {{ISBN\|978\-1\-4000\-3474\-1}}, p.282 and are commemorated by a plaque.
|
[
"History\n-------",
"### Emmanuel Church",
"[thumb\\|Site of the former Hog Hill chapel, Downing Place, Cambridge](/wiki/File:Old_Music_School_-_geograph.org.uk_-_831281.jpg \"Old Music School - geograph.org.uk - 831281.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|The former Emmanuel Church building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge](/wiki/File:Emmanuel_United_Reformed_Church%2C_Cambridge_color_corrected.jpg \"Emmanuel United Reformed Church, Cambridge color corrected.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|Stained\\-glass windows of 1905 by [Morris \\& Co.](/wiki/Morris_%26_Co. \"Morris & Co.\") in the former Emmanuel URC building, depicting Puritans with Cambridge connections. From left to right: [Henry Barrow](/wiki/Henry_Barrow \"Henry Barrow\"), [John Greenwood](/wiki/John_Greenwood_%28Puritan%29 \"John Greenwood (Puritan)\"), [Oliver Cromwell](/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell \"Oliver Cromwell\"), [John Milton](/wiki/John_Milton \"John Milton\"), [Francis Holcroft](/wiki/Francis_Holcroft \"Francis Holcroft\") and [Joseph Hussey](/wiki/Joseph_Hussey \"Joseph Hussey\")](/wiki/File:Emmanuel_United_Reformed_Church_interior%2C_Cambridge.jpg \"Emmanuel United Reformed Church interior, Cambridge.jpg\")\nOriginally a [congregational church](/wiki/Congregational_church \"Congregational church\"), Emmanuel voted to join the new [United Reformed Church](/wiki/United_Reformed_Church \"United Reformed Church\") in 1972\\. Emmanuel had been known by different names over the years, first as the 'Hog Hill Independent Church' and then the 'Emmanuel Congregational Chapel' or 'Emmanuel Congregational Church'.",
"The Emmanuel congregation was founded as the Cambridge 'Great Meeting' in 1687, at Hog Hill, the original building being there, on what is now the Old Music School in [Downing Place](/wiki/Downing_Place \"Downing Place\"). From 1691 the minister was [Joseph Hussey](/wiki/Joseph_Hussey \"Joseph Hussey\");{{cite book \\|author\\-first\\=Thomas Dinham \\|author\\-last\\=Atkinson \\|title\\=Cambridge Described and Illustrated\\| date\\=1897 \\|page\\=173 \\|url\\=https://archive.org/stream/cambridgedescri00clargoog\\#page/n240/mode/2up \\|via\\=Internet Archive \\|publisher\\=Macmillan}} he was commemorated in the stained glass in the apse of the Emmanuel church building alongside [John Greenwood](/wiki/John_Greenwood_%28Puritan%29 \"John Greenwood (Puritan)\"), [Henry Barrow](/wiki/Henry_Barrow \"Henry Barrow\"), [Oliver Cromwell](/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell \"Oliver Cromwell\"), [John Milton](/wiki/John_Milton \"John Milton\") and [Francis Holcroft](/wiki/Francis_Holcroft \"Francis Holcroft\"). Hussey's congregation split in 1696, with some going to the meeting in [Green Street, Cambridge](/wiki/Green_Street%2C_Cambridge \"Green Street, Cambridge\"), and again after he had left for London, in 1721, with a group founding the precursor of St Andrew's Street Baptist Church, Cambridge. The church was rebuilt on the same site, opening as Emmanuel Congregational Chapel in 1790\\.{{cite book \\|title\\=A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 3, the City and University of Cambridge\\| date\\=1959 \\|pages\\=135–183 \\|publisher\\=Victoria County History \\|chapter\\=The city of Cambridge: Protestant Nonconformity \\|chapter\\-url\\=https://www.british\\-history.ac.uk/vch/cambs/vol3/pp135\\-138 \\|access\\-date\\=2 August 2020 \\|editor1\\-first\\=J. P. C. \\|editor1\\-last\\=Roach \\|via\\=British History Online}}*City of Cambridge*, vol.2 p.302 (1959\\), Royal Commission of Ancient Monuments The move to the new church on [Trumpington Street](/wiki/Trumpington_Street \"Trumpington Street\"), called the Emmanuel Congregational Church, came in 1874\\. The old chapel was put to use from 1881 as the [Balfour Biological Laboratory for Women](/wiki/Balfour_Biological_Laboratory_for_Women \"Balfour Biological Laboratory for Women\"), for female science students in the University of Cambridge.{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.bioc.cam.ac.uk/history/3\\-jubilee.html \\|title\\=The Hopkins Building Jubilee Celebrations \\|author\\-last\\=Packman \\|author\\-first\\=Len \\|date\\=2011 \\|website\\=Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge \\|access\\-date\\=9 August 2011 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007162840/http://www.bioc.cam.ac.uk/history/3\\-jubilee.html \\|archive\\-date\\=7 October 2011 \\|url\\-status\\=unfit }} Prior to September 2020, Emmanuel United Reformed Church occupied the Trumpington Street building. It was built to a design by the architect [James Cubitt](/wiki/James_Cubitt \"James Cubitt\") in 1875\\. The church was listed as [Grade II](/wiki/Grade_II \"Grade II\") in 1996\\.{{National Heritage List for England\\|num\\=1268350\\|desc\\=Emmanuel United Reformed Church\\|grade\\=II}} The building was sold to Pembroke College to form part of the college's Mill Lane development project.",
"In the years leading up to the merger, Emmanuel organised regular [Sunday worship](/wiki/Church_service \"Church service\") and a programme of community activities in the recent past: a volunteer\\-staffed [fairtrade cafe](/wiki/Fairtrade_certification \"Fairtrade certification\"), a series of [lunchtime music recitals](/wiki/Concert \"Concert\") and a share in Hope Cambridge's [Churches Homeless Project](/wiki/Cambridge_Churches_Homeless_Project \"Cambridge Churches Homeless Project\"). The Cambridge branch of the [Open Table Network](/wiki/Open_Table_Network \"Open Table Network\") was founded here in July 2018\\.{{cite web\n \\|url\\=https://downingplaceurc.org/\n \\|author\\=Downing Place URC\n \\|title\\=Home\n \\|access\\-date\\=23 June 2022\n \\|archive\\-date\\=11 August 2020\n \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811185245/https://downingplaceurc.org/\n}}",
"### St Columba's Church",
"{{Expand section\\|date\\=August 2020\\|1\\=more \\[\\[WP:VERIFY\\|verifiable]] information about the history of St Columba's Church}}\n[thumb\\|St Columba's from across Downing Place (before refurbishment)](/wiki/File:St_Columba%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1333389.jpg \"St Columba's Church - geograph.org.uk - 1333389.jpg\")\nSt Columba's was originally a Presbyterian church. A Presbyterian congregation was first registered in Cambridge in 1689, at that time based in Green Street. The congregation of St Columba's was formally established in 1881,{{cite book \\|last1\\=Knox \\|first1\\=R Buick \\|title\\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\\-1979 \\|date\\=1979 \\|location\\=Cambridge \\|pages\\=1–8}} initially worshipping in [Cambridge Guildhall](/wiki/Cambridge_Guildhall \"Cambridge Guildhall\").",
"The St Columba’s church building, on the corner of Downing Place and [Downing Street](/wiki/Downing_Street%2C_Cambridge \"Downing Street, Cambridge\"), was built in 1891 in the Early English style to the designs of Scottish architect [John Macvicar Anderson](/wiki/John_Macvicar_Anderson \"John Macvicar Anderson\"). As well as being a congregation of the [Presbyterian Church of England](/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_England \"Presbyterian Church of England\") and, from 1972, of the United Reformed Church, St Columba's was also the Chaplaincy for the [Church of Scotland](/wiki/Church_of_Scotland \"Church of Scotland\") to the [University of Cambridge](/wiki/University_of_Cambridge \"University of Cambridge\"); the minister's appointment as chaplain being with the concurrence of the Kirk's Presbytery of England.{{cite book \\|title\\=Year Book 2007/2008 \\|date\\=2007 \\|publisher\\=Church of Scotland \\|location\\=Edinburgh \\|pages\\=296}}",
"In the years leading up to the merger, St Columba's, the church's programme included regular Sunday worship, hosting a group therapy centre, and a night\\-time drop\\-in centre hosted by Cambridge Street Pastors.",
"### Merger to form Downing Place United Reformed Church",
"On 9 June (St Columba's Day) 2018, St Columba's Church and Emmanuel Church united to form Downing Place United Reformed Church. The combined congregation occupies the former St Columba's building in Downing Place. The St Columba’s site has been extensively renovated as part of a £3\\.3 million project led by Archangel Architects.",
"The Emmanuel building was sold to [Pembroke College, Cambridge](/wiki/Pembroke_College%2C_Cambridge \"Pembroke College, Cambridge\") across the road in Trumpington Street, who intended to retain it as a lecture and performance area as part of their Mill Lane redevelopment. The final service in the Emmanuel building took place on 26 July 2020 and all church activities at Trumpington Street have ceased.",
"While the St Columba's Church building was closed for major building works, regular worship took place in [Westminster College, Cambridge](/wiki/Westminster_College%2C_Cambridge \"Westminster College, Cambridge\").{{cite news\n \\|url\\=https://www.cambridgeindependent.co.uk/news/3\\-3m\\-vision\\-is\\-transforming\\-iconic\\-cambridge\\-church\\-9090299\n \\|title\\=£3\\.3m vision is transforming iconic Cambridge church\n \\|last1\\=Curtis\n \\|first1\\=Adrian\n \\|date\\=27 November 2019\n \\|work\\=Cambridge Independent\n \\|access\\-date\\=11 August 2020}}{{cite web \n \\|url\\=https://www.emmanuel\\-urc.org.uk\n \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811180623/https://www.emmanuel\\-urc.org.uk/\n \\|archive\\-date\\=11 August 2020\n \\|access\\-date\\=11 August 2020\n \\|author\\=Emmanuel United Reformed Church\n \\|url\\-status\\=unfit\n \\|title\\=Home\n \\|quote\\=The last service to take place in the Emmanuel building was broadcast on Sunday 26 July .... Please visit our new website, Downing Place URC to follow us as we prepare to move to Downing Place as our permanent home ....\n}}{{cite web\n \\|url\\=https://downingplaceurc.org/\n \\|author\\=Downing Place URC\n \\|title\\=Home\n \\|access\\-date\\=11 August 2020\n \\|archive\\-date\\=11 August 2020\n \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811185245/https://downingplaceurc.org/\n \\|quote\\=... public worship will resume in September; and will take place at Westminster College while we await the completion of our refurbishment project on the Downing Place site.\n}} The newly restored building was rededicated in November 2021\\.",
"### People",
"{{Expand section\\|date\\=August 2020\\|1\\=more \\[\\[WP:VERIFY\\|verifiable]] information about people from the St Columba's Church congregation \\- the present list is Emmanuel\\-centric}}\nMinisters of Emmanuel Church have included:",
"* 1738–1754 [John Conder](/wiki/John_Conder \"John Conder\"){{ODNBweb\\|id\\=6058\\|title\\=Conder, John (1714–1781\\)\\|first\\=J. H. Y.\\|last\\=Briggs}}\n* 1767–1788 Joseph Saunders\n* 1806–1817 William Harris\n* 1848–1854 George Burder Bubier{{cite book \\|chapter\\-url\\=https://archive.org/stream/transactions20unknuoft\\#page/237/mode/2up \\|title\\=Transactions of the Congregational History Society \\|volume\\=XX \\|pages\\=237–254 \\|editor\\-last\\=Taylor\\| editor\\-first\\=John H. \\|date\\=1968 \\|author\\-last\\=Binfield \\|author\\-first\\=Clyde \\|chapter \\=Chapels in Crisis \\|via\\=Internet Archive}} (The most relevant text is on pp. 246\\-247\\.){{cite web\\| website\\=Dissenting Academics Online \\|publisher\\=Queen Mary Centre for Religion and Literature in English, Queen Mary University of London \\|url\\=http://dissacad.english.qmul.ac.uk/new\\_dissacad/phpfiles/sample1\\.php?asearch\\=0\\&detail\\=people\\¶meter\\=Peoplesearchα\\=Bubier\\&personid\\=497\\| title\\=Bubier, George Burder (c.1823\\-c.1869\\) \\|access\\-date\\=2 August 2020}}\n* 1859–1865 Thomas Campbell Finlayson{{cite web\\| title\\=Thomas Campbell Findlayson \\|url\\=http://www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id\\=WH11352\\&type\\=P\\&o\\=\\&start\\=280\\&max\\=20\\&l\\=f \\|website\\=The University of Glasgow Story \\|access\\-date\\=2 August 2020}}\n* 1871–1872 [James Ward](/wiki/James_Ward_%28psychologist%29 \"James Ward (psychologist)\"){{ODNBweb\n \\|id\\=36732\n \\|title\\=Ward, James (1843–1925\\) \n \\|first\\=W. R.\n \\|last\\=Sorely\n \\|first2\\=Terrie M.\n \\|last2\\=Romano\n}}\n* 1894–1901 [P. T. Forsyth](/wiki/P._T._Forsyth \"P. T. Forsyth\"){{ODNBweb\n \\|id\\=37424\n \\|title\\=Forsyth, Peter Taylor (1848–1921\\)\n \\|first\\=John\n \\|last\\=Huxtable\n}}\n* 1902–1909 William Boothby Selbie{{cite encyclopedia \\|title\\=Selbie, William Boothby \\|editor\\-last\\=Jackson \\|editor\\-first\\=Samuel Macaulay \\|volume\\=X \\|page\\=338 \\|date\\=1953 \\|encyclopedia\\=The New Schaff\\-Herzog Religious Encyclopedia\\| url\\=http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc10/htm\\-old/0356\\=338\\.htm \\|via\\=Christian Classics Ethereal Library\\| publisher\\=Baker Book House \\|location\\=Grand Rapids, Michigan \\|access\\-date\\=2 August 2020}}\n* 1910–1942 Henry Child Carter\n* 1974\\-1982 Anthony (Tony) Coates\n* Derek M Wales\n* 1997\\-2003 Paul Quilter\n* \\-2014 Lance Stone\n* 2017\\-2020 John Bradbury",
"Ministers of St Columba's Church:\n* 1893\\-1901 Halliday Douglas{{cite book \\|last1\\=Knox \\|first1\\=R. Buick \\|title\\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\\-1979 \\|date\\=1979 \\|location\\=Cambridge \\|pages\\=24}}\n* 1902\\-1909 G. A. Johnston Ross{{cite book \\|last1\\=Knox \\|first1\\=R. Buick \\|title\\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\\-1979 \\|date\\=1979 \\|location\\=Cambridge \\|pages\\=25–27}}\n* 1910\\-1919 Robert Strachan{{cite book \\|last1\\=Knox \\|first1\\=R. Buick \\|title\\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\\-1979 \\|date\\=1979 \\|location\\=Cambridge \\|pages\\=27–28}}\n* 1919\\-1925 Innes Logan{{cite book \\|last1\\=Knox \\|first1\\=R. Buick \\|title\\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\\-1979 \\|date\\=1979 \\|location\\=Cambridge \\|pages\\=28}}\n* 1926\\-1937 George Barclay{{cite book \\|last1\\=Knox \\|first1\\=R. Buick \\|title\\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\\-1979 \\|date\\=1979 \\|location\\=Cambridge \\|pages\\=28–29}}\n* 1938\\-1943 T. Ralph Morton{{cite book \\|last1\\=Knox \\|first1\\=R. Buick \\|title\\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\\-1979 \\|date\\=1979 \\|location\\=Cambridge \\|pages\\=29}}\n* 1944\\-1960 Albert Cooper{{cite book \\|title\\=The Official Handbook 1950\\-51 \\|date\\=1950 \\|publisher\\=Presbyterian Church of England \\|location\\=London \\|pages\\=73}}\n* 1961\\-1981 Ronald Speirs{{cite book \\|title\\=Year Book 2004 \\|date\\=2004 \\|publisher\\=United Reformed Church \\|location\\=London \\|pages\\=278}}\n* 1982\\-1996 Ernest Marvin{{cite book \\|title\\=Year Book 2004 \\|date\\=2004 \\|publisher\\=United Reformed Church \\|location\\=London \\|pages\\=247}}\n* 1997\\-2008 [Keith Riglin](/wiki/Keith_Riglin \"Keith Riglin\"){{cite book \\|title\\=Year Book 2004 \\|date\\=2004 \\|publisher\\=United Reformed Church \\|location\\=London \\|pages\\=267}}\n* 2010\\-date Nigel Uden{{cn\\|date\\=May 2024}}",
"Among the other people who have been associated with the two churches over the years, [Michael Ramsey](/wiki/Michael_Ramsey \"Michael Ramsey\"), who later became Archbishop of York, worshipped at what was then Emmanuel Congregational church as a child, where his father was a deacon.{{cite web \\|author\\-first\\=Patrick \\|author\\-last\\=Commerford \\|type\\=blog\\| date\\=4 September 2015\\| title\\=Where part of Salvation is for sale at £2 and Oliver Cromwell is among the saints \\|url\\=http://www.patrickcomerford.com/2015/09/where\\-part\\-of\\-salvation\\-is\\-for\\-sale\\-at.html \\|website\\=Patrick Commerford: an online journal on Anglicanism, theology, spirituality, history, architecture, travel, poetry, beach walks ... and more}}{{unreliable source?\\|date\\=August 2020}} Among those listed on the Roll of Honour of Missionaries valedicted from St Columba's Church{{cite book \\|last1\\=Knox \\|first1\\=R. Buick \\|title\\=St Columba's Church Cambridge 1879\\-1979 \\|date\\=1979 \\|location\\=Cambridge \\|pages\\=56–57}} are two notable ecumenists, [William Paton](/wiki/William_Paton_%28ecumenist%29 \"William Paton (ecumenist)\") to India in 1919 (first general secretary of what is now the [National Council of Churches in India](/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches_in_India \"National Council of Churches in India\")), and [Lesslie Newbigin](/wiki/Lesslie_Newbigin \"Lesslie Newbigin\") to India in 1936 (becoming one of the first bishops of the new [Church of South India](/wiki/Church_of_South_India \"Church of South India\") in 1947\\). [Agnes Smith Lewis and Margaret Dunlop Gibson](/wiki/Agnes_and_Margaret_Smith \"Agnes and Margaret Smith\"), biblical scholars sometimes known as the \"Westminster sisters\" attended St Columba's Soskice, Janet (2009\\), *Sisters of Sinai: How Two Lady Adventurers Found the Hidden Gospels.* London. {{ISBN\\|978\\-1\\-4000\\-3474\\-1}}, p.282 and are commemorated by a plaque.",
""
] |
History
-------
The Church was built in the 11th century and named after the martyred missionary [Saint Adalbert](/wiki/Adalbert_of_Prague "Adalbert of Prague") ({{lang\-pl\|św. Wojciech}}) whose body was bought back for its weight in gold from the pagan [Prussia](/wiki/Prussia_%28Baltic%29 "Prussia (Baltic)") and placed in [Gniezno](/wiki/Gniezno "Gniezno") Cathedral by [Boleslaus I of Poland](/wiki/Boleslaus_I_of_Poland "Boleslaus I of Poland"). The Church of St. Adalbert stands at the south\-eastern corner of the biggest medieval market square in [Europe](/wiki/Europe "Europe"), [Rick Steves' Europe Through the Back Door](https://books.google.com/books?id=2KzSp-AV3KIC&dq=Krak%C3%B3w+market+square+largest&pg=PA496). demarcated in 1257\. The place of worship preceded the Square by nearly a century. The interior of the church is cramped, relative to its larger exterior. The floor level is situated under the present level of the Square, which reflects the overlaying of the subsequent surfaces of the plaza with pavement originally adjusted to the two already existing churches (St. Wojciech/Adalbert and [St. Mary's Basilica](/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Basilica%2C_Krak%C3%B3w "St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków")). The church was partially reconstructed in the [Baroque](/wiki/Baroque_architecture "Baroque architecture") style between 1611\-1618\.
According to the Archeological Museum of Kraków, the oldest relics reveal a wooden structure built at the end of the 10th century and followed by an original stone church constructed in the 11th century, as seen in the lower parts of the walls. These walls became a foundation for a new church built around the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries from smaller rectangular stones. Since the level of the plaza, overlaid with new pavement, rose between 2 and 2\.6 meters, the walls of the church were raised up in the 17th century and then covered with [stucco](/wiki/Stucco "Stucco"). The new entrance was built from the west side and the church was topped with the new [Baroque dome](/wiki/Baroque_architecture "Baroque architecture"). The restoration of the church conducted in the 19th century led to the discovery of its Romanesque past.
At present, the walls of the church are unearthed to show their lowest level. On the south side there's a Romanesque portal and corresponding stone step. The [crypt](/wiki/Crypt "Crypt") of the church has been adapted by the Archeological Museum as a small Museum of the History of the Market Square showing a permanent exhibit of "The History of the Kraków Market." For an unsuspecting visitor St. Wojciech's seems inviting from the outside, nevertheless, it is a living church with people often praying inside while the door opens directly into the noise outside.
The thousand year old legend has it that [St. Adalbert](/wiki/Adalbert_of_Prague "Adalbert of Prague") consecrated the church in 997 and preached there before going on his mission to bring [Christianity](/wiki/Christianity "Christianity") to [Prussia](/wiki/Prussia "Prussia") (where he was killed in [martyrdom](/wiki/Martyrdom "Martyrdom")). Not surprisingly, in the 1960s the discovery was made of the earliest church dating back to the times when St. Adalbert (*Św. Wojciech*) resided in Kraków and gave his sermons there.
Located next to the church and the cloth hall were the [Great Weigh House](/wiki/Great_Weigh_House "Great Weigh House") and the [Small Weigh House](/wiki/Small_Weigh_House "Small Weigh House").
[thumb\|Bird's eye view of the Church of St. Adalbert on the main square](/wiki/Image:Krakow_rynek_01.jpg "Krakow rynek 01.jpg")
|
[
"History\n-------",
"The Church was built in the 11th century and named after the martyred missionary [Saint Adalbert](/wiki/Adalbert_of_Prague \"Adalbert of Prague\") ({{lang\\-pl\\|św. Wojciech}}) whose body was bought back for its weight in gold from the pagan [Prussia](/wiki/Prussia_%28Baltic%29 \"Prussia (Baltic)\") and placed in [Gniezno](/wiki/Gniezno \"Gniezno\") Cathedral by [Boleslaus I of Poland](/wiki/Boleslaus_I_of_Poland \"Boleslaus I of Poland\"). The Church of St. Adalbert stands at the south\\-eastern corner of the biggest medieval market square in [Europe](/wiki/Europe \"Europe\"), [Rick Steves' Europe Through the Back Door](https://books.google.com/books?id=2KzSp-AV3KIC&dq=Krak%C3%B3w+market+square+largest&pg=PA496). demarcated in 1257\\. The place of worship preceded the Square by nearly a century. The interior of the church is cramped, relative to its larger exterior. The floor level is situated under the present level of the Square, which reflects the overlaying of the subsequent surfaces of the plaza with pavement originally adjusted to the two already existing churches (St. Wojciech/Adalbert and [St. Mary's Basilica](/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Basilica%2C_Krak%C3%B3w \"St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków\")). The church was partially reconstructed in the [Baroque](/wiki/Baroque_architecture \"Baroque architecture\") style between 1611\\-1618\\.",
"According to the Archeological Museum of Kraków, the oldest relics reveal a wooden structure built at the end of the 10th century and followed by an original stone church constructed in the 11th century, as seen in the lower parts of the walls. These walls became a foundation for a new church built around the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries from smaller rectangular stones. Since the level of the plaza, overlaid with new pavement, rose between 2 and 2\\.6 meters, the walls of the church were raised up in the 17th century and then covered with [stucco](/wiki/Stucco \"Stucco\"). The new entrance was built from the west side and the church was topped with the new [Baroque dome](/wiki/Baroque_architecture \"Baroque architecture\"). The restoration of the church conducted in the 19th century led to the discovery of its Romanesque past.",
"At present, the walls of the church are unearthed to show their lowest level. On the south side there's a Romanesque portal and corresponding stone step. The [crypt](/wiki/Crypt \"Crypt\") of the church has been adapted by the Archeological Museum as a small Museum of the History of the Market Square showing a permanent exhibit of \"The History of the Kraków Market.\" For an unsuspecting visitor St. Wojciech's seems inviting from the outside, nevertheless, it is a living church with people often praying inside while the door opens directly into the noise outside.",
"The thousand year old legend has it that [St. Adalbert](/wiki/Adalbert_of_Prague \"Adalbert of Prague\") consecrated the church in 997 and preached there before going on his mission to bring [Christianity](/wiki/Christianity \"Christianity\") to [Prussia](/wiki/Prussia \"Prussia\") (where he was killed in [martyrdom](/wiki/Martyrdom \"Martyrdom\")). Not surprisingly, in the 1960s the discovery was made of the earliest church dating back to the times when St. Adalbert (*Św. Wojciech*) resided in Kraków and gave his sermons there.",
"Located next to the church and the cloth hall were the [Great Weigh House](/wiki/Great_Weigh_House \"Great Weigh House\") and the [Small Weigh House](/wiki/Small_Weigh_House \"Small Weigh House\").",
"[thumb\\|Bird's eye view of the Church of St. Adalbert on the main square](/wiki/Image:Krakow_rynek_01.jpg \"Krakow rynek 01.jpg\")",
""
] |
History
-------
There has been a congregation in the area since 1736, when five [baptisms](/wiki/Baptism "Baptism") were recorded. The [Dutch](/wiki/Dutch_colonization_of_the_Americas "Dutch colonization of the Americas"), [German](/wiki/German_colonization_of_the_Americas "German colonization of the Americas") and [Huguenot](/wiki/Huguenot "Huguenot") settlers of the region went to [Kingston](/wiki/Kingston%2C_New_York "Kingston, New York") to handle their religious affairs, but eventually the local population grew large enough that they desired a church closer to home. So, in 1751, Isaac Hasbrouck bought six acres (2\.4 ha) on which to build a church.
After the current [parsonage](/wiki/Parsonage "Parsonage") across the road was built, construction began on the church itself the following year when [subscribers](/wiki/Subscription_business_model "Subscription business model") put up the money in return for [pews](/wiki/Pew "Pew"). Legend has it the workers had to first put up wooden [stockades](/wiki/Stockade "Stockade") to fend off hostile [Indian](/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States "Native Americans in the United States") attacks. The adjacent [Bruynswick Rural Cemetery](/wiki/Bruynswick_Rural_Cemetery "Bruynswick Rural Cemetery"), no longer owned by the congregation, saw its first burials that year, and the congregation was formally organized in 1753, with the Rev. Barent Vrooman serving as the first [pastor](/wiki/Pastor "Pastor"). He left after a year to be replaced by Johannes Goetschius in 1760\.
On December 26, 1755, the pews were sold and the completed church formally opened. Goetschius served until his death in 1771 and was buried in the church, beneath what was then the [pulpit](/wiki/Pulpit "Pulpit"). The building underwent its first serious renovations in the late 1790s, when the interior was rotated. The west windows became the doors and the pulpit was moved to the east wall, followed by a corresponding change in the orientation of the pews, and the parsonage's second story completed.
In 1833\-34 the five front [columns](/wiki/Column "Column") were added, in the then\-popular [Greek Revival](/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture "Greek Revival architecture") [style](/wiki/Architectural_style "Architectural style"), to protect the doors. The original south entrance was finally sealed in 1881\.
A third building, a church hall to the west, was added to the church complex in 1916\. It received a wing for modern [kitchen](/wiki/Kitchen "Kitchen") and [bathroom](/wiki/Bathroom "Bathroom") functions in 1958, and another one to meet space needs in 1990\. In 1982 the building was listed on the National Register as "Reformed Church of Shawangunk Complex", reflecting the historic importance of all the buildings and the cemetery.
|
[
"History\n-------",
"There has been a congregation in the area since 1736, when five [baptisms](/wiki/Baptism \"Baptism\") were recorded. The [Dutch](/wiki/Dutch_colonization_of_the_Americas \"Dutch colonization of the Americas\"), [German](/wiki/German_colonization_of_the_Americas \"German colonization of the Americas\") and [Huguenot](/wiki/Huguenot \"Huguenot\") settlers of the region went to [Kingston](/wiki/Kingston%2C_New_York \"Kingston, New York\") to handle their religious affairs, but eventually the local population grew large enough that they desired a church closer to home. So, in 1751, Isaac Hasbrouck bought six acres (2\\.4 ha) on which to build a church.",
"After the current [parsonage](/wiki/Parsonage \"Parsonage\") across the road was built, construction began on the church itself the following year when [subscribers](/wiki/Subscription_business_model \"Subscription business model\") put up the money in return for [pews](/wiki/Pew \"Pew\"). Legend has it the workers had to first put up wooden [stockades](/wiki/Stockade \"Stockade\") to fend off hostile [Indian](/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States \"Native Americans in the United States\") attacks. The adjacent [Bruynswick Rural Cemetery](/wiki/Bruynswick_Rural_Cemetery \"Bruynswick Rural Cemetery\"), no longer owned by the congregation, saw its first burials that year, and the congregation was formally organized in 1753, with the Rev. Barent Vrooman serving as the first [pastor](/wiki/Pastor \"Pastor\"). He left after a year to be replaced by Johannes Goetschius in 1760\\.",
"On December 26, 1755, the pews were sold and the completed church formally opened. Goetschius served until his death in 1771 and was buried in the church, beneath what was then the [pulpit](/wiki/Pulpit \"Pulpit\"). The building underwent its first serious renovations in the late 1790s, when the interior was rotated. The west windows became the doors and the pulpit was moved to the east wall, followed by a corresponding change in the orientation of the pews, and the parsonage's second story completed.",
"In 1833\\-34 the five front [columns](/wiki/Column \"Column\") were added, in the then\\-popular [Greek Revival](/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture \"Greek Revival architecture\") [style](/wiki/Architectural_style \"Architectural style\"), to protect the doors. The original south entrance was finally sealed in 1881\\.",
"A third building, a church hall to the west, was added to the church complex in 1916\\. It received a wing for modern [kitchen](/wiki/Kitchen \"Kitchen\") and [bathroom](/wiki/Bathroom \"Bathroom\") functions in 1958, and another one to meet space needs in 1990\\. In 1982 the building was listed on the National Register as \"Reformed Church of Shawangunk Complex\", reflecting the historic importance of all the buildings and the cemetery.",
""
] |
Other work
----------
Vaughan wrote the UK's first "dope opera", *[Top Buzzer](/wiki/Top_Buzzer "Top Buzzer")*, which aired in 2004 on [MTV](/wiki/MTV "MTV") and later on [Five](/wiki/Five_%28TV_channel%29 "Five (TV channel)"). Vaughan has also been heavily involved with telethon charity drives such as *[Children in Need](/wiki/Children_in_Need "Children in Need")*, *[Comic Relief](/wiki/Comic_Relief_%28charity%29 "Comic Relief (charity)")* and *[Sport Relief](/wiki/Sport_Relief "Sport Relief")*. In 2004 the BBC ran "a search to find the nation's best\-loved sitcom" with a format that aped that of the [100 Greatest Britons](/wiki/100_Greatest_Britons "100 Greatest Britons"). One celebrity championed each of the top ten sitcoms, presenting an hour\-long special on why their favourite was the best. Vaughan was the presenter of the segment on prison\-based sitcom *[Porridge](/wiki/Porridge_%281974_TV_series%29 "Porridge (1974 TV series)")*.
In 2005, Vaughan became the host of the American reality/game show *[My Kind of Town](/wiki/My_Kind_of_Town_%28TV_series%29 "My Kind of Town (TV series)")* on [ABC](/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company "American Broadcasting Company"). The show was cancelled after four episodes. He was also featured in the 2005 film *[Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo](/wiki/Deuce_Bigalow:European_Gigolo "European Gigolo")*, playing an awards ceremony host.
Vaughan presented the controversial [hoax](/wiki/Hoax "Hoax") ["reality"](/wiki/Reality_television "Reality television") show *[Space Cadets](/wiki/Space_Cadets_%28television_hoax%29 "Space Cadets (television hoax)")* for [Channel 4](/wiki/Channel_4 "Channel 4"). In June 2006, Vaughan appeared as a guest on *[TV Heaven, Telly Hell](/wiki/TV_Heaven%2C_Telly_Hell "TV Heaven, Telly Hell")*. He was a team captain on the [Channel 4](/wiki/Channel_4 "Channel 4") comedy panel show *[Best of the Worst](/wiki/Best_of_the_Worst_%28UK%29 "Best of the Worst (UK)")* that also features team captain [David Mitchell](/wiki/David_Mitchell_%28comedian%29 "David Mitchell (comedian)") and chairman [Alexander Armstrong](/wiki/Alexander_Armstrong_%28comedian%29 "Alexander Armstrong (comedian)").
In December 2006, Vaughan made a guest appearance on the BBC comedy panel game [QI](/wiki/QI "QI") (Series D, Episode 10, "Divination"). Vaughan has his own television production company, "World's End". In 2009, he presented a Premier League Football DVD titled *Johnny Vaughan's Own Goals \& Gaffs III*.
In 2011, Vaughan appeared in the TV show *[Mud Men](/wiki/Mud_Men_%28TV_series%29 "Mud Men (TV series)")* on [History Channel](/wiki/History_%28UK_TV_channel%29 "History (UK TV channel)"). Accompanied by Steve Brooker, he ventured out into the Thames shoreline in search of hidden artefacts and treasures.
During the [London 2012 Olympics](/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympic_Games "2012 Summer Olympic Games"), Vaughan joined Absolute Radio to present the Olympic Drivetime show. As Absolute Radio was also the official station of the BT London Live concerts in [Hyde Park](/wiki/Hyde_Park%2C_London "Hyde Park, London"), which were also held during the Games, Vaughan also participated in the on\-stage presenting of the acts and interviews with Team GB athletes and medalists.
Vaughan participated in a 2018 episode of quiz show *[Pointless Celebrities](/wiki/Pointless_Celebrities "Pointless Celebrities")*, reaching the final round alongside fellow Radio X DJ [Toby Tarrant](/wiki/Toby_Tarrant "Toby Tarrant").
In 2023 Vaughan reunited with his former colleague [Denise Van Outen](/wiki/Denise_Van_Outen "Denise Van Outen") to present an episode of *[Steph's Packed Lunch](/wiki/Steph%27s_Packed_Lunch "Steph's Packed Lunch")*.
|
[
"Other work\n----------",
"Vaughan wrote the UK's first \"dope opera\", *[Top Buzzer](/wiki/Top_Buzzer \"Top Buzzer\")*, which aired in 2004 on [MTV](/wiki/MTV \"MTV\") and later on [Five](/wiki/Five_%28TV_channel%29 \"Five (TV channel)\"). Vaughan has also been heavily involved with telethon charity drives such as *[Children in Need](/wiki/Children_in_Need \"Children in Need\")*, *[Comic Relief](/wiki/Comic_Relief_%28charity%29 \"Comic Relief (charity)\")* and *[Sport Relief](/wiki/Sport_Relief \"Sport Relief\")*. In 2004 the BBC ran \"a search to find the nation's best\\-loved sitcom\" with a format that aped that of the [100 Greatest Britons](/wiki/100_Greatest_Britons \"100 Greatest Britons\"). One celebrity championed each of the top ten sitcoms, presenting an hour\\-long special on why their favourite was the best. Vaughan was the presenter of the segment on prison\\-based sitcom *[Porridge](/wiki/Porridge_%281974_TV_series%29 \"Porridge (1974 TV series)\")*.",
"In 2005, Vaughan became the host of the American reality/game show *[My Kind of Town](/wiki/My_Kind_of_Town_%28TV_series%29 \"My Kind of Town (TV series)\")* on [ABC](/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company \"American Broadcasting Company\"). The show was cancelled after four episodes. He was also featured in the 2005 film *[Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo](/wiki/Deuce_Bigalow:European_Gigolo \"European Gigolo\")*, playing an awards ceremony host.",
"Vaughan presented the controversial [hoax](/wiki/Hoax \"Hoax\") [\"reality\"](/wiki/Reality_television \"Reality television\") show *[Space Cadets](/wiki/Space_Cadets_%28television_hoax%29 \"Space Cadets (television hoax)\")* for [Channel 4](/wiki/Channel_4 \"Channel 4\"). In June 2006, Vaughan appeared as a guest on *[TV Heaven, Telly Hell](/wiki/TV_Heaven%2C_Telly_Hell \"TV Heaven, Telly Hell\")*. He was a team captain on the [Channel 4](/wiki/Channel_4 \"Channel 4\") comedy panel show *[Best of the Worst](/wiki/Best_of_the_Worst_%28UK%29 \"Best of the Worst (UK)\")* that also features team captain [David Mitchell](/wiki/David_Mitchell_%28comedian%29 \"David Mitchell (comedian)\") and chairman [Alexander Armstrong](/wiki/Alexander_Armstrong_%28comedian%29 \"Alexander Armstrong (comedian)\").",
"In December 2006, Vaughan made a guest appearance on the BBC comedy panel game [QI](/wiki/QI \"QI\") (Series D, Episode 10, \"Divination\"). Vaughan has his own television production company, \"World's End\". In 2009, he presented a Premier League Football DVD titled *Johnny Vaughan's Own Goals \\& Gaffs III*.",
"In 2011, Vaughan appeared in the TV show *[Mud Men](/wiki/Mud_Men_%28TV_series%29 \"Mud Men (TV series)\")* on [History Channel](/wiki/History_%28UK_TV_channel%29 \"History (UK TV channel)\"). Accompanied by Steve Brooker, he ventured out into the Thames shoreline in search of hidden artefacts and treasures.",
"During the [London 2012 Olympics](/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympic_Games \"2012 Summer Olympic Games\"), Vaughan joined Absolute Radio to present the Olympic Drivetime show. As Absolute Radio was also the official station of the BT London Live concerts in [Hyde Park](/wiki/Hyde_Park%2C_London \"Hyde Park, London\"), which were also held during the Games, Vaughan also participated in the on\\-stage presenting of the acts and interviews with Team GB athletes and medalists.",
"Vaughan participated in a 2018 episode of quiz show *[Pointless Celebrities](/wiki/Pointless_Celebrities \"Pointless Celebrities\")*, reaching the final round alongside fellow Radio X DJ [Toby Tarrant](/wiki/Toby_Tarrant \"Toby Tarrant\").",
"In 2023 Vaughan reunited with his former colleague [Denise Van Outen](/wiki/Denise_Van_Outen \"Denise Van Outen\") to present an episode of *[Steph's Packed Lunch](/wiki/Steph%27s_Packed_Lunch \"Steph's Packed Lunch\")*.",
""
] |
Player statistics
-----------------
### Multiple appearances
{{See also\|List of players who have appeared in multiple men's Olympic water polo tournaments}}
The following table is pre\-sorted by number of Olympic appearances (in descending order), year of the last Olympic appearance (in ascending order), year of the first Olympic appearance (in ascending order), date of birth (in ascending order), name of the player (in ascending order), respectively.
{{\#section:List of players who have appeared in multiple men's Olympic water polo tournaments\|Greece}}
### Multiple medalists
{{See also\|List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)}}
The following table is pre\-sorted by total number of Olympic medals (in descending order), number of Olympic gold medals (in descending order), number of Olympic silver medals (in descending order), year of receiving the last Olympic medal (in ascending order), year of receiving the first Olympic medal (in ascending order), name of the player (in ascending order), respectively.
{{\#section:List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)\|Greece}}
### Top goalscorers
{{See also\|List of men's Olympic water polo tournament top goalscorers}}
The following table is pre\-sorted by number of total goals (in descending order), year of the last Olympic appearance (in ascending order), year of the first Olympic appearance (in ascending order), name of the player (in ascending order), respectively.
{{\#section:List of men's Olympic water polo tournament top goalscorers\|Greece}}
### Goalkeepers
{{See also\|List of men's Olympic water polo tournament goalkeepers}}
The following table is pre\-sorted by edition of the Olympics (in ascending order), cap number or name of the goalkeeper (in ascending order), respectively.
Last updated: 27 July 2021\.
Legend and abbreviation
* {{border\|width\=2px\|color\=blue\| }} – Hosts
* Eff % – Save efficiency (Saves / Shots)
| Year | CapNo. | Goalkeeper | Birth | Age | ISHOFmember | Note | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1920 | | [Nikolaos Baltatzis\-Mavrokordatos](/wiki/Nikolaos_Baltatzis-Mavrokordatos "Nikolaos Baltatzis-Mavrokordatos") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|1897}} | 22–23 | | | |
| | [Konstantinos Nikolopoulos](/wiki/Konstantinos_Nikolopoulos_%28water_polo%29 "Konstantinos Nikolopoulos (water polo)") | | | | | |
| 1924 | | [Nikolaos Baltatzis\-Mavrokordatos](/wiki/Nikolaos_Baltatzis-Mavrokordatos "Nikolaos Baltatzis-Mavrokordatos") (2\) | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|1897}} | 26–27 | | Starting goalkeeper | |
| | (Unknown) | | | | | |
| 1948 | | [Alexandros Monastiriotis](/wiki/Alexandros_Monastiriotis "Alexandros Monastiriotis") | | | | Starting goalkeeper | |
| | (Unknown) | | | | | |
| 1968 | 1 | [Ioannis Thymaras](/wiki/Ioannis_Thymaras "Ioannis Thymaras") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|1934}} | 33–34 | | | |
| 11 | [Takis Michalos](/wiki/Takis_Michalos "Takis Michalos") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|8 December 1947}} | 20 | | | |
| 1972 | 1 | [Dimitrios Konstas](/wiki/Dimitrios_Konstas "Dimitrios Konstas") | | | | | |
| 11 | [Takis Michalos](/wiki/Takis_Michalos "Takis Michalos") (2\) | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|8 December 1947}} | 24 | | | |
| 1980 | 1 | [Ioannis Vossos](/wiki/Ioannis_Vossos "Ioannis Vossos") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|10 October 1960}} | 19 | | | |
| 11 | [Ioannis Giannouris](/wiki/Ioannis_Giannouris "Ioannis Giannouris") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|13 January 1958}} | 22 | | | |
| 1984 | 1 | [Ioannis Vossos](/wiki/Ioannis_Vossos "Ioannis Vossos") (2\) | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|10 October 1960}} | 23 | | | |
| 13 | [Stavros Giannopoulos](/wiki/Stavros_Giannopoulos "Stavros Giannopoulos") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|12 July 1961}} | 23 | | | |
| 1988 | 1 | [Nikolaos Christoforidis](/wiki/Nikolaos_Christoforidis "Nikolaos Christoforidis") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|11 June 1965}} | 23 | | | |
| 12 | [Evangelos Patras](/wiki/Evangelos_Patras "Evangelos Patras") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|17 October 1968}} | 19 | | | |
| 1992 | 1 | [Evangelos Patras](/wiki/Evangelos_Patras "Evangelos Patras") (2\) | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|17 October 1968}} | 23 | | | |
| 13 | [Gerasimos Voltirakis](/wiki/Gerasimos_Voltirakis "Gerasimos Voltirakis") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|14 May 1968}} | 24 | | | |
| Year | CapNo. | Goalkeeper | Birth | Age | ISHOFmember | Note | Ref |
| Year | CapNo. | Goalkeeper | Birth | Age | Saves | Shots | Eff % | ISHOFmember | Note | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1996 | 1 | [Gerasimos Voltirakis](/wiki/Gerasimos_Voltirakis "Gerasimos Voltirakis") (2\) | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|14 May 1968}} | 28 | **64** | 124 | 51\.6% | | Starting goalkeeper | |
| 13 | [Evangelos Patras](/wiki/Evangelos_Patras "Evangelos Patras") (3\) | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|17 October 1968}} | 27 | **1** | 7 | 14\.3% | | | |
| 2000 | 1 | [Georgios Reppas](/wiki/Georgios_Reppas "Georgios Reppas") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|11 December 1974}} | 25 | **7** | 23 | 30\.4% | | | |
| 6 | [Nikolaos Deligiannis](/wiki/Nikolaos_Deligiannis_%28water_polo%29 "Nikolaos Deligiannis (water polo)") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|3 September 1976}} | 24 | **48** | 97 | 49\.5% | | Starting goalkeeper | |
| 2004 | 1 | [Georgios Reppas](/wiki/Georgios_Reppas "Georgios Reppas") (2\) | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|11 December 1974}} | 29 | **18** | 37 | 48\.6% | | | |
| 12 | [Nikolaos Deligiannis](/wiki/Nikolaos_Deligiannis_%28water_polo%29 "Nikolaos Deligiannis (water polo)") (2\) | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|3 September 1976}} | 27 | **31** | 52 | 59\.6% | | | |
| 2008 | 1 | [Nikolaos Deligiannis](/wiki/Nikolaos_Deligiannis_%28water_polo%29 "Nikolaos Deligiannis (water polo)") (3\) | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|3 September 1976}} | 31 | **38** | 82 | 46\.3% | | | |
| 13 | [Georgios Reppas](/wiki/Georgios_Reppas "Georgios Reppas") (3\) | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|11 December 1974}} | 33 | **28** | 65 | 43\.1% | | | |
| 2012 | 1 | [Nikolaos Deligiannis](/wiki/Nikolaos_Deligiannis_%28water_polo%29 "Nikolaos Deligiannis (water polo)") (4\) | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|3 September 1976}} | 35 | **45** | 83 | 54\.2% | | Starting goalkeeper | |
| 13 | [Filippos Karampetsos](/wiki/Filippos_Karampetsos "Filippos Karampetsos") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|22 October 1977}} | 34 | **6** | 11 | 54\.5% | | | |
| 2016 | 1 | [Konstantinos Flegkas](/wiki/Konstantinos_Flegkas "Konstantinos Flegkas") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|17 July 1988}} | 28 | **56** | 120 | 46\.7% | | Starting goalkeeper | |
| 13 | [Stefanos Galanopoulos](/wiki/Stefanos_Galanopoulos "Stefanos Galanopoulos") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|22 February 1993}} | 23 | **1** | 5 | 20\.0% | | | |
| 2020 | 1 | [Emmanouil Zerdevas](/wiki/Emmanouil_Zerdevas "Emmanouil Zerdevas") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|12 August 1997}} | 23 | | | | | | |
| 13 | [Konstantinos Galanidis](/wiki/Konstantinos_Galanidis "Konstantinos Galanidis") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|1 September 1990}} | 30 | | | | | | |
| Year | CapNo. | Goalkeeper | Birth | Age | Saves | Shots | Eff % | ISHOFmember | Note | Ref |
Sources:
* [Official Reports](/wiki/%23Official_Reports_%28IOC%29 "#Official Reports (IOC)") (PDF): 1996 (pp. 62–66, 69, 71–72\);
* [Official Results Books](/wiki/%23Official_Results_Books_%28IOC%29 "#Official Results Books (IOC)") (PDF): 2000 (pp. 57, 59, 61, 80–81, 86, 88, 91\), 2004 (pp. 203–204\), 2008 (pp. 199–200\), 2012 (pp. 478–479\), 2016 (pp. 117–118\).
### Top sprinters
The following table is pre\-sorted by number of total sprints won (in descending order), year of the last Olympic appearance (in ascending order), year of the first Olympic appearance (in ascending order), name of the sprinter (in ascending order), respectively.
\* Number of sprinters (30\+ sprints won, since 2000\): 0
* Number of sprinters (20–29 sprints won, since 2000\): 0
* Number of sprinters (10–19 sprints won, since 2000\): 2
* Number of sprinters (5–9 sprints won, since 2000\): 2
* Last updated: 15 May 2021\.
Legend and abbreviation
* {{border\|width\=2px\|color\=blue\| }} – Hosts
* Eff % – Efficiency (Sprints won / Sprints contested)
| \+ **Male players with 5 or more sprints won at the Olympics** (statistics since 2000\) |
| --- |
| Rk | Sprinter | Birth | Totalsprintswon | Totalsprintscontested | Eff % | Water polo tournaments(sprints won / contested) | | | | | Age offirst/last | ISHOFmember | Note | Ref |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| **1** | [Ioannis Thomakos](/wiki/Ioannis_Thomakos "Ioannis Thomakos") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|14 March 1977}} | **18** | 32 | 56\.3% | 2000(12/18\) | 2004(5/12\) | 2008(1/2\) | | | 23/31 | | | |
| **2** | [Christos Afroudakis](/wiki/Christos_Afroudakis "Christos Afroudakis") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|23 May 1984}} | **15** | 37 | 40\.5% | 2004(6/15\) | 2008(7/17\) | 2012(1/4\) | 2016(1/1\) | | 20/32 | | | |
| **3** | [Konstantinos Genidounias](/wiki/Konstantinos_Genidounias "Konstantinos Genidounias") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|3 May 1993}} | **8** | 18 | 44\.4% | 2016(8/18\) | | | | | 23/23 | | | |
| **4** | [Emmanouil Mylonakis](/wiki/Emmanouil_Mylonakis "Emmanouil Mylonakis") | {{Date table sorting\|format\=y\|9 April 1985}} | **7** | 31 | 22\.6% | 2008(2/12\) | 2012(2/9\) | 2016(3/10\) | | | 23/31 | | | |
Source:
* [Official Results Books](/wiki/%23Official_Results_Books_%28IOC%29 "#Official Results Books (IOC)") (PDF): 2000 (pp. 57, 59, 61, 80–81, 86, 88, 91\), 2004 (pp. 203–204\), 2008 (pp. 199–200\), 2012 (pp. 478–479\), 2016 (pp. 117–118\).
|
[
"Player statistics\n-----------------",
"### Multiple appearances",
"{{See also\\|List of players who have appeared in multiple men's Olympic water polo tournaments}}",
"The following table is pre\\-sorted by number of Olympic appearances (in descending order), year of the last Olympic appearance (in ascending order), year of the first Olympic appearance (in ascending order), date of birth (in ascending order), name of the player (in ascending order), respectively.",
"{{\\#section:List of players who have appeared in multiple men's Olympic water polo tournaments\\|Greece}}\n### Multiple medalists",
"{{See also\\|List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)}}",
"The following table is pre\\-sorted by total number of Olympic medals (in descending order), number of Olympic gold medals (in descending order), number of Olympic silver medals (in descending order), year of receiving the last Olympic medal (in ascending order), year of receiving the first Olympic medal (in ascending order), name of the player (in ascending order), respectively.",
"{{\\#section:List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)\\|Greece}}\n### Top goalscorers",
"{{See also\\|List of men's Olympic water polo tournament top goalscorers}}",
"The following table is pre\\-sorted by number of total goals (in descending order), year of the last Olympic appearance (in ascending order), year of the first Olympic appearance (in ascending order), name of the player (in ascending order), respectively.",
"{{\\#section:List of men's Olympic water polo tournament top goalscorers\\|Greece}}\n### Goalkeepers",
"{{See also\\|List of men's Olympic water polo tournament goalkeepers}}",
"The following table is pre\\-sorted by edition of the Olympics (in ascending order), cap number or name of the goalkeeper (in ascending order), respectively.",
"Last updated: 27 July 2021\\.",
"Legend and abbreviation\n* {{border\\|width\\=2px\\|color\\=blue\\| }} – Hosts\n* Eff % – Save efficiency (Saves / Shots)",
"",
"| Year | CapNo. | Goalkeeper | Birth | Age | ISHOFmember | Note | Ref |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1920 | | [Nikolaos Baltatzis\\-Mavrokordatos](/wiki/Nikolaos_Baltatzis-Mavrokordatos \"Nikolaos Baltatzis-Mavrokordatos\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|1897}} | 22–23 | | | |\n| | [Konstantinos Nikolopoulos](/wiki/Konstantinos_Nikolopoulos_%28water_polo%29 \"Konstantinos Nikolopoulos (water polo)\") | | | | | |\n| 1924 | | [Nikolaos Baltatzis\\-Mavrokordatos](/wiki/Nikolaos_Baltatzis-Mavrokordatos \"Nikolaos Baltatzis-Mavrokordatos\") (2\\) | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|1897}} | 26–27 | | Starting goalkeeper | |\n| | (Unknown) | | | | | |\n| 1948 | | [Alexandros Monastiriotis](/wiki/Alexandros_Monastiriotis \"Alexandros Monastiriotis\") | | | | Starting goalkeeper | |\n| | (Unknown) | | | | | |\n| 1968 | 1 | [Ioannis Thymaras](/wiki/Ioannis_Thymaras \"Ioannis Thymaras\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|1934}} | 33–34 | | | |\n| 11 | [Takis Michalos](/wiki/Takis_Michalos \"Takis Michalos\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|8 December 1947}} | 20 | | | |\n| 1972 | 1 | [Dimitrios Konstas](/wiki/Dimitrios_Konstas \"Dimitrios Konstas\") | | | | | |\n| 11 | [Takis Michalos](/wiki/Takis_Michalos \"Takis Michalos\") (2\\) | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|8 December 1947}} | 24 | | | |\n| 1980 | 1 | [Ioannis Vossos](/wiki/Ioannis_Vossos \"Ioannis Vossos\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|10 October 1960}} | 19 | | | |\n| 11 | [Ioannis Giannouris](/wiki/Ioannis_Giannouris \"Ioannis Giannouris\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|13 January 1958}} | 22 | | | |\n| 1984 | 1 | [Ioannis Vossos](/wiki/Ioannis_Vossos \"Ioannis Vossos\") (2\\) | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|10 October 1960}} | 23 | | | |\n| 13 | [Stavros Giannopoulos](/wiki/Stavros_Giannopoulos \"Stavros Giannopoulos\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|12 July 1961}} | 23 | | | |\n| 1988 | 1 | [Nikolaos Christoforidis](/wiki/Nikolaos_Christoforidis \"Nikolaos Christoforidis\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|11 June 1965}} | 23 | | | |\n| 12 | [Evangelos Patras](/wiki/Evangelos_Patras \"Evangelos Patras\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|17 October 1968}} | 19 | | | |\n| 1992 | 1 | [Evangelos Patras](/wiki/Evangelos_Patras \"Evangelos Patras\") (2\\) | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|17 October 1968}} | 23 | | | |\n| 13 | [Gerasimos Voltirakis](/wiki/Gerasimos_Voltirakis \"Gerasimos Voltirakis\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|14 May 1968}} | 24 | | | |\n| Year | CapNo. | Goalkeeper | Birth | Age | ISHOFmember | Note | Ref |",
"",
"| Year | CapNo. | Goalkeeper | Birth | Age | Saves | Shots | Eff % | ISHOFmember | Note | Ref |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1996 | 1 | [Gerasimos Voltirakis](/wiki/Gerasimos_Voltirakis \"Gerasimos Voltirakis\") (2\\) | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|14 May 1968}} | 28 | **64** | 124 | 51\\.6% | | Starting goalkeeper | |\n| 13 | [Evangelos Patras](/wiki/Evangelos_Patras \"Evangelos Patras\") (3\\) | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|17 October 1968}} | 27 | **1** | 7 | 14\\.3% | | | |\n| 2000 | 1 | [Georgios Reppas](/wiki/Georgios_Reppas \"Georgios Reppas\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|11 December 1974}} | 25 | **7** | 23 | 30\\.4% | | | |\n| 6 | [Nikolaos Deligiannis](/wiki/Nikolaos_Deligiannis_%28water_polo%29 \"Nikolaos Deligiannis (water polo)\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|3 September 1976}} | 24 | **48** | 97 | 49\\.5% | | Starting goalkeeper | |\n| 2004 | 1 | [Georgios Reppas](/wiki/Georgios_Reppas \"Georgios Reppas\") (2\\) | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|11 December 1974}} | 29 | **18** | 37 | 48\\.6% | | | |\n| 12 | [Nikolaos Deligiannis](/wiki/Nikolaos_Deligiannis_%28water_polo%29 \"Nikolaos Deligiannis (water polo)\") (2\\) | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|3 September 1976}} | 27 | **31** | 52 | 59\\.6% | | | |\n| 2008 | 1 | [Nikolaos Deligiannis](/wiki/Nikolaos_Deligiannis_%28water_polo%29 \"Nikolaos Deligiannis (water polo)\") (3\\) | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|3 September 1976}} | 31 | **38** | 82 | 46\\.3% | | | |\n| 13 | [Georgios Reppas](/wiki/Georgios_Reppas \"Georgios Reppas\") (3\\) | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|11 December 1974}} | 33 | **28** | 65 | 43\\.1% | | | |\n| 2012 | 1 | [Nikolaos Deligiannis](/wiki/Nikolaos_Deligiannis_%28water_polo%29 \"Nikolaos Deligiannis (water polo)\") (4\\) | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|3 September 1976}} | 35 | **45** | 83 | 54\\.2% | | Starting goalkeeper | |\n| 13 | [Filippos Karampetsos](/wiki/Filippos_Karampetsos \"Filippos Karampetsos\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|22 October 1977}} | 34 | **6** | 11 | 54\\.5% | | | |\n| 2016 | 1 | [Konstantinos Flegkas](/wiki/Konstantinos_Flegkas \"Konstantinos Flegkas\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|17 July 1988}} | 28 | **56** | 120 | 46\\.7% | | Starting goalkeeper | |\n| 13 | [Stefanos Galanopoulos](/wiki/Stefanos_Galanopoulos \"Stefanos Galanopoulos\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|22 February 1993}} | 23 | **1** | 5 | 20\\.0% | | | |\n| 2020 | 1 | [Emmanouil Zerdevas](/wiki/Emmanouil_Zerdevas \"Emmanouil Zerdevas\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|12 August 1997}} | 23 | | | | | | |\n| 13 | [Konstantinos Galanidis](/wiki/Konstantinos_Galanidis \"Konstantinos Galanidis\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|1 September 1990}} | 30 | | | | | | |\n| Year | CapNo. | Goalkeeper | Birth | Age | Saves | Shots | Eff % | ISHOFmember | Note | Ref |",
"Sources:\n* [Official Reports](/wiki/%23Official_Reports_%28IOC%29 \"#Official Reports (IOC)\") (PDF): 1996 (pp. 62–66, 69, 71–72\\);\n* [Official Results Books](/wiki/%23Official_Results_Books_%28IOC%29 \"#Official Results Books (IOC)\") (PDF): 2000 (pp. 57, 59, 61, 80–81, 86, 88, 91\\), 2004 (pp. 203–204\\), 2008 (pp. 199–200\\), 2012 (pp. 478–479\\), 2016 (pp. 117–118\\).",
"### Top sprinters",
"The following table is pre\\-sorted by number of total sprints won (in descending order), year of the last Olympic appearance (in ascending order), year of the first Olympic appearance (in ascending order), name of the sprinter (in ascending order), respectively.",
"\\* Number of sprinters (30\\+ sprints won, since 2000\\): 0\n* Number of sprinters (20–29 sprints won, since 2000\\): 0\n* Number of sprinters (10–19 sprints won, since 2000\\): 2\n* Number of sprinters (5–9 sprints won, since 2000\\): 2\n* Last updated: 15 May 2021\\.",
"Legend and abbreviation\n* {{border\\|width\\=2px\\|color\\=blue\\| }} – Hosts\n* Eff % – Efficiency (Sprints won / Sprints contested)",
"",
"| \\+ **Male players with 5 or more sprints won at the Olympics** (statistics since 2000\\) |\n| --- |\n| Rk | Sprinter | Birth | Totalsprintswon | Totalsprintscontested | Eff % | Water polo tournaments(sprints won / contested) | | | | | Age offirst/last | ISHOFmember | Note | Ref |\n| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |\n| **1** | [Ioannis Thomakos](/wiki/Ioannis_Thomakos \"Ioannis Thomakos\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|14 March 1977}} | **18** | 32 | 56\\.3% | 2000(12/18\\) | 2004(5/12\\) | 2008(1/2\\) | | | 23/31 | | | |\n| **2** | [Christos Afroudakis](/wiki/Christos_Afroudakis \"Christos Afroudakis\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|23 May 1984}} | **15** | 37 | 40\\.5% | 2004(6/15\\) | 2008(7/17\\) | 2012(1/4\\) | 2016(1/1\\) | | 20/32 | | | |\n| **3** | [Konstantinos Genidounias](/wiki/Konstantinos_Genidounias \"Konstantinos Genidounias\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|3 May 1993}} | **8** | 18 | 44\\.4% | 2016(8/18\\) | | | | | 23/23 | | | |\n| **4** | [Emmanouil Mylonakis](/wiki/Emmanouil_Mylonakis \"Emmanouil Mylonakis\") | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=y\\|9 April 1985}} | **7** | 31 | 22\\.6% | 2008(2/12\\) | 2012(2/9\\) | 2016(3/10\\) | | | 23/31 | | | |",
"Source:\n* [Official Results Books](/wiki/%23Official_Results_Books_%28IOC%29 \"#Official Results Books (IOC)\") (PDF): 2000 (pp. 57, 59, 61, 80–81, 86, 88, 91\\), 2004 (pp. 203–204\\), 2008 (pp. 199–200\\), 2012 (pp. 478–479\\), 2016 (pp. 117–118\\).",
""
] |
History
-------
The area was a former major wine\-producing district in the [Cucamonga Valley AVA](/wiki/Cucamonga_Valley_AVA "Cucamonga Valley AVA") region.
A planter named Tiburcio Tapia received a land grant from the Spanish in 1838, and planted the first domestic grapes of the region there [Inside The Inland Empire: "The Wineries of Rancho Cucamonga are back."](http://www.insidetheie.com/the-wineries-of-rancho-cucamonga) {{Webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707171135/http://www.insidetheie.com/the\-wineries\-of\-rancho\-cucamonga \|date\=2013\-07\-07 }}, 9 May 2007\.{{Cite web\|url\=https://boomcalifornia.org/2013/03/24/spirits\-of\-guasti/\|title\=Spirits of Guasti\|date\=March 25, 2013\|website\=Boom California\|accessdate\=March 9, 2023}}
In 1859, a rancher named John Rains "started a revolution by introducing agriculture on a large scale to replace cattle and sheep raising." His vineyard was purchased by Isaias Hellman in the 1870s, and produced thousands of gallons of port and wine until WWI.
It wasn't until the turn of the century, however, that the area would reach its highest production and development. Secondo Guasti (1859–1927\) had arrived in Los Angeles from Italy via Mexico in 1878\.{{Cite web\|url\=https://www.ssdachurch.org/about\|title\=HISTORY\|website\=San Secondo d'Asti\|accessdate\=March 9, 2023}} He worked in a restaurant, marrying the owner's daughter, and saved enough money to buy a small vineyard in [Glendale, CA](/wiki/Glendale%2C_CA "Glendale, CA"). Visiting the Cucamonga Valley, he purchased eight square miles and planted a hundred varieties of grapes, which became the foundation for his [Italian Vineyard Company](/wiki/Italian_Vineyard_Company "Italian Vineyard Company").
To accommodate Guasti's workers, a village was established in 1904, featuring a company store, inn, bakery, fire station, hotel, post office,{{cite book\|last\=Durham\|first\=David L. \|title\=California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State\|publisher\=Quill Driver Books\|year\=1998\|pages\=1424\|isbn\=1\-884995\-14\-4\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=Yfa0hmE7yocC}} and, at 5000 acres, the world's largest contiguous vineyard.{{Cite web\|url\=https://www.ontarioca.gov/redevelopment\-agency/project\-areas/guasti\-project\|title\=Guasti Project \| City of Ontario, California\|website\=www.ontarioca.gov\|accessdate\=March 9, 2023}}
Guasti also built his own 22\-mile narrow gauge railroad to service the vineyards and packing houses. One of the latter, "a vast stone building with arched windows and a wooden roof," stands today between the 60 Freeway and Interstate 10\. His son, Secondo Guasti Jr, in addition to running the winery, ran the village's tire shops.
By 1917 the Cucamonga\-Guasti vineyards spanned over 20,000 acres, Of these, 5,000 acres were being operated by Guasti himself, producing 5 million gallons of wine a year and being advertised as being "The Largest Vineyard in the World."
In 1924, Guasti brought woodworkers and stonemasons from Mexico and Italy to build a church for the village, based on the 17th\-century church from his hometown of [Asti](/wiki/Asti "Asti"). It was completed two years later and has been operating since,
joining the Diocese of Los Angeles and San Diego in 1935 and the Diocese of San Bernardino in 1978\. A bronze bust at the entrance to the church is dedicated to him.
By the 1950s, most of the immigrants and workers in Guasti were no longer Italian but Mexican.
Today, Guasti Wines sells sacramental and altar wines to countries all over the world, through the Joseph Filippi Winery and Vineyards.
The original G. Filippi and Son winery, founded in 1934 by Giovanni Filippi, had grown to over 400 acres by the mid\-1960s. Giovanni's grandson Joseph Jr taught for ten years as a professor of Enology and Viticulture as UC Davis. The Filippis have worked to revitalize old vineyards; for instance, in 1967, the Filippi family purchased "California's Oldest Winery," the Thomas Brothers Winery in Rancho Cucamonga. They were also instrumental in getting the Cucamonga Valley recognized as an approved viticulture area, allowing any winery using at least 85% of its grapes from the region to use the valley's name on its label.
|
[
"History\n-------",
"The area was a former major wine\\-producing district in the [Cucamonga Valley AVA](/wiki/Cucamonga_Valley_AVA \"Cucamonga Valley AVA\") region.",
"A planter named Tiburcio Tapia received a land grant from the Spanish in 1838, and planted the first domestic grapes of the region there [Inside The Inland Empire: \"The Wineries of Rancho Cucamonga are back.\"](http://www.insidetheie.com/the-wineries-of-rancho-cucamonga) {{Webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707171135/http://www.insidetheie.com/the\\-wineries\\-of\\-rancho\\-cucamonga \\|date\\=2013\\-07\\-07 }}, 9 May 2007\\.{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://boomcalifornia.org/2013/03/24/spirits\\-of\\-guasti/\\|title\\=Spirits of Guasti\\|date\\=March 25, 2013\\|website\\=Boom California\\|accessdate\\=March 9, 2023}}",
"In 1859, a rancher named John Rains \"started a revolution by introducing agriculture on a large scale to replace cattle and sheep raising.\" His vineyard was purchased by Isaias Hellman in the 1870s, and produced thousands of gallons of port and wine until WWI.",
"It wasn't until the turn of the century, however, that the area would reach its highest production and development. Secondo Guasti (1859–1927\\) had arrived in Los Angeles from Italy via Mexico in 1878\\.{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://www.ssdachurch.org/about\\|title\\=HISTORY\\|website\\=San Secondo d'Asti\\|accessdate\\=March 9, 2023}} He worked in a restaurant, marrying the owner's daughter, and saved enough money to buy a small vineyard in [Glendale, CA](/wiki/Glendale%2C_CA \"Glendale, CA\"). Visiting the Cucamonga Valley, he purchased eight square miles and planted a hundred varieties of grapes, which became the foundation for his [Italian Vineyard Company](/wiki/Italian_Vineyard_Company \"Italian Vineyard Company\").",
"To accommodate Guasti's workers, a village was established in 1904, featuring a company store, inn, bakery, fire station, hotel, post office,{{cite book\\|last\\=Durham\\|first\\=David L. \\|title\\=California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State\\|publisher\\=Quill Driver Books\\|year\\=1998\\|pages\\=1424\\|isbn\\=1\\-884995\\-14\\-4\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=Yfa0hmE7yocC}} and, at 5000 acres, the world's largest contiguous vineyard.{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://www.ontarioca.gov/redevelopment\\-agency/project\\-areas/guasti\\-project\\|title\\=Guasti Project \\| City of Ontario, California\\|website\\=www.ontarioca.gov\\|accessdate\\=March 9, 2023}}\nGuasti also built his own 22\\-mile narrow gauge railroad to service the vineyards and packing houses. One of the latter, \"a vast stone building with arched windows and a wooden roof,\" stands today between the 60 Freeway and Interstate 10\\. His son, Secondo Guasti Jr, in addition to running the winery, ran the village's tire shops.",
"By 1917 the Cucamonga\\-Guasti vineyards spanned over 20,000 acres, Of these, 5,000 acres were being operated by Guasti himself, producing 5 million gallons of wine a year and being advertised as being \"The Largest Vineyard in the World.\"",
"In 1924, Guasti brought woodworkers and stonemasons from Mexico and Italy to build a church for the village, based on the 17th\\-century church from his hometown of [Asti](/wiki/Asti \"Asti\"). It was completed two years later and has been operating since, \njoining the Diocese of Los Angeles and San Diego in 1935 and the Diocese of San Bernardino in 1978\\. A bronze bust at the entrance to the church is dedicated to him.",
"By the 1950s, most of the immigrants and workers in Guasti were no longer Italian but Mexican.",
"Today, Guasti Wines sells sacramental and altar wines to countries all over the world, through the Joseph Filippi Winery and Vineyards.",
"The original G. Filippi and Son winery, founded in 1934 by Giovanni Filippi, had grown to over 400 acres by the mid\\-1960s. Giovanni's grandson Joseph Jr taught for ten years as a professor of Enology and Viticulture as UC Davis. The Filippis have worked to revitalize old vineyards; for instance, in 1967, the Filippi family purchased \"California's Oldest Winery,\" the Thomas Brothers Winery in Rancho Cucamonga. They were also instrumental in getting the Cucamonga Valley recognized as an approved viticulture area, allowing any winery using at least 85% of its grapes from the region to use the valley's name on its label.",
""
] |
History
-------
Represented in the famous *[Monasticon Gallicanum](/wiki/Monasticon_Gallicanum "Monasticon Gallicanum")*, it seems clear that the abbey (despite a tradition based on the Acts of Saint [Savinian](/wiki/Savinian_and_Potentian "Savinian and Potentian") and a forged charter of [Clovis I](/wiki/Clovis_I "Clovis I"), dated 508\) was founded in about 630 by [Columbanus](/wiki/Columbanus "Columbanus"), an Irish monk. The dedication was to Saints [Peter](/wiki/Saint_Peter "Saint Peter") and [Paul](/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle "Paul the Apostle"). (According to Philippe Mazoyer {{Ref\|DomM}} there was before then at Ferrières a chapel dedicated to the [Blessed Virgin](/wiki/Mary%2C_mother_of_Jesus "Mary, mother of Jesus") under the title Notre\-Dame de Bethleem de Ferrières).
It reached a height of prosperity in the time of [Loup of Ferrières](/wiki/Loup_of_Ferri%C3%A8res "Loup of Ferrières") (c. 850\), when the abbey became quite an active literary centre, but the library was destroyed at the same time as the monastery, and only rare fragments survive. One of these, preserved at the [Vatican](/wiki/Vatican_City "Vatican City") library (Reg.1573\), recalls the memory of [Aldric of Le Mans](/wiki/Aldric_of_Le_Mans "Aldric of Le Mans") (d. 836\), Abbot of Ferrières before he became [Archbishop of Sens](/wiki/Archbishop_of_Sens "Archbishop of Sens").
The Carolingian kings [Louis III](/wiki/Louis_III_of_France "Louis III of France") and his brother [Carloman](/wiki/Carloman_II "Carloman II") held their joint coronation at the abbey in 879, and were later buried there. It was restored in the 9th century by [Louis the Pious](/wiki/Louis_the_Pious "Louis the Pious") and [Charles the Bald](/wiki/Charles_the_Bald "Charles the Bald").
Among the last names in the imperfect list of the abbots of Ferrières is that of Louis de Blanchefort, who in the 15th century almost entirely restored the abbey after it was burnt down by the English in the [Hundred Years' War](/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War "Hundred Years' War"). He was buried in its choir.
In 1568, the abbey was besieged by the troops of [Louis de Condé](/wiki/Louis_I%2C_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9 "Louis I, Prince of Condé"), Protestant friend of the Coligny family, pillaged and profaned and, although no monks were killed, the reliquaires and treasures of the abbey were dispersed, the tombs there of [Louis III](/wiki/Louis_III_of_France "Louis III of France"), [Carloman II](/wiki/Carloman_II "Carloman II") and Louis de Blanchefort{{Base Palissy\|PM45000758\|Tombeau de Louis de Blanchefort}} heavily damaged and the monks' stalls removed. [Odet de Coligny](/wiki/Odet_de_Coligny "Odet de Coligny") (abroad by then, and abbot of the abbey until shortly beforehand) only intervened to stop this after three days when his own financial interests in the benefice seemed threatened. After suffering this and other severe damage during the [Wars of Religion](/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion "French Wars of Religion"), Ferrières was rebuilt in the 17th century by the prior Guillaume Morin, but then disappeared with all the ancient abbeys at the time of the [French Revolution](/wiki/French_Revolution "French Revolution"), and its treasures and library were ruined and scattered.
|
[
"History\n-------",
"Represented in the famous *[Monasticon Gallicanum](/wiki/Monasticon_Gallicanum \"Monasticon Gallicanum\")*, it seems clear that the abbey (despite a tradition based on the Acts of Saint [Savinian](/wiki/Savinian_and_Potentian \"Savinian and Potentian\") and a forged charter of [Clovis I](/wiki/Clovis_I \"Clovis I\"), dated 508\\) was founded in about 630 by [Columbanus](/wiki/Columbanus \"Columbanus\"), an Irish monk. The dedication was to Saints [Peter](/wiki/Saint_Peter \"Saint Peter\") and [Paul](/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle \"Paul the Apostle\"). (According to Philippe Mazoyer {{Ref\\|DomM}} there was before then at Ferrières a chapel dedicated to the [Blessed Virgin](/wiki/Mary%2C_mother_of_Jesus \"Mary, mother of Jesus\") under the title Notre\\-Dame de Bethleem de Ferrières).",
"It reached a height of prosperity in the time of [Loup of Ferrières](/wiki/Loup_of_Ferri%C3%A8res \"Loup of Ferrières\") (c. 850\\), when the abbey became quite an active literary centre, but the library was destroyed at the same time as the monastery, and only rare fragments survive. One of these, preserved at the [Vatican](/wiki/Vatican_City \"Vatican City\") library (Reg.1573\\), recalls the memory of [Aldric of Le Mans](/wiki/Aldric_of_Le_Mans \"Aldric of Le Mans\") (d. 836\\), Abbot of Ferrières before he became [Archbishop of Sens](/wiki/Archbishop_of_Sens \"Archbishop of Sens\").",
"The Carolingian kings [Louis III](/wiki/Louis_III_of_France \"Louis III of France\") and his brother [Carloman](/wiki/Carloman_II \"Carloman II\") held their joint coronation at the abbey in 879, and were later buried there. It was restored in the 9th century by [Louis the Pious](/wiki/Louis_the_Pious \"Louis the Pious\") and [Charles the Bald](/wiki/Charles_the_Bald \"Charles the Bald\").",
"Among the last names in the imperfect list of the abbots of Ferrières is that of Louis de Blanchefort, who in the 15th century almost entirely restored the abbey after it was burnt down by the English in the [Hundred Years' War](/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War \"Hundred Years' War\"). He was buried in its choir.",
"In 1568, the abbey was besieged by the troops of [Louis de Condé](/wiki/Louis_I%2C_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9 \"Louis I, Prince of Condé\"), Protestant friend of the Coligny family, pillaged and profaned and, although no monks were killed, the reliquaires and treasures of the abbey were dispersed, the tombs there of [Louis III](/wiki/Louis_III_of_France \"Louis III of France\"), [Carloman II](/wiki/Carloman_II \"Carloman II\") and Louis de Blanchefort{{Base Palissy\\|PM45000758\\|Tombeau de Louis de Blanchefort}} heavily damaged and the monks' stalls removed. [Odet de Coligny](/wiki/Odet_de_Coligny \"Odet de Coligny\") (abroad by then, and abbot of the abbey until shortly beforehand) only intervened to stop this after three days when his own financial interests in the benefice seemed threatened. After suffering this and other severe damage during the [Wars of Religion](/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion \"French Wars of Religion\"), Ferrières was rebuilt in the 17th century by the prior Guillaume Morin, but then disappeared with all the ancient abbeys at the time of the [French Revolution](/wiki/French_Revolution \"French Revolution\"), and its treasures and library were ruined and scattered.",
""
] |
Buildings
---------
{{Further\|Carolingian architecture}}
Today only some ruins of the ancient monastic buildings are to be seen.
At its height, the abbey occupied a vast enclosed estate with a great cloister (adjoining the monastic church to the south of its nave) and a little cloister (adjoining its choir).
The abbey church is formed of a 12th\-century nave and 13th\-century transepts and choir. She must have been begun around 1150\. On September 29, 1163, [Pope Alexander III](/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III "Pope Alexander III") consecrated the nave whilst it was under construction. The volume of the nave was doubled by a unique second nave to its left, destroyed in 1739 by the collapse of the crossing tower \- one can also sees the great arcades linking the two, whose bases (laid out today in bricks) alternated between one big column and two doubled smaller ones (as at the collegiate church of [Champeaux](/wiki/Seine-et-Marne "Seine-et-Marne"), at [Saint\-Martin de Champeaux](/wiki/Saint-Martin_de_Champeaux "Saint-Martin de Champeaux"); the doubling\-up and the decoration betray the influence of [Sens Cathedral](/wiki/Sens_Cathedral "Sens Cathedral")). It seems there was no plan to vault the main nave, covered instead with a paneled framework. In the right wall, one notices the door (walled\-up) that led into the great cloister. The windows, high up because of the cloister, are apparently contemporary with the transept and choir.
These were constructed in the first years of the 13th century. The crossing is formed by an octagonal rotonda. This very original plan was maybe imposed on the builders by the presence in this location of some foundations of a Carolingian building, sometimes identified with the choir of the church rebuilt on the orders of Aldaric, abbot from 821 to 828 \- visible traces of this foundation include an arch of alternating stone and nated brick on the right rear of the rotonda. The central space is not covered by a cupola but by an arch of ribs radiating out to eight supports. Between the transept chapel and the choir is located a small room (formerly the sacristy and mortuary, where the bodies of dead monks were deposited for the day before funeral, before being placed in the choir for the funeral itself). Off the left transept opens a chapel of the 14th century, perhaps replacing a chapel similar to that off the right transept.
The choir is covered with a sexpartite (six\-part) arch (a 13th\-century type particular to Champagne and Burgundy). Its lateral walls present traces of an 11th\-century phase of construction. In the choir is the tomb of Louis de Blanchefort.
The crossing carried a tower called a "lead steeple" (visible on the engraving of the "Monastecon gallicanum"), decorated with eight 2\.5m high lead statues and the arms of [Louis XIII](/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France "Louis XIII of France") and the [prince of Condé](/wiki/Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9 "Prince of Condé"), but destroyed in 1739\. The tower steeple, to the left, is very ancient at its base; the floors were remade to in the 13th century; the arrow, at the end of the 15th.
The [tympanum](/wiki/Tympanum_%28architecture%29 "Tympanum (architecture)") of the earlier door of the central nave, today in the open air, was decorated with a scene of Christ in majesty, with (some believe) Christ as a portrait of [Clovis I](/wiki/Clovis_I "Clovis I"). In the earlier door of the secondary nave was a capital representing a fight between [Pepin the Short](/wiki/Pepin_the_Short "Pepin the Short") and a lion.
The glass\-windows of the apse date back to the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th, ordered by Louis of Blancafort or his successor Pierre de Martigny (1518\-1527\).
Besides the monastic church (12th and 13th centuries), the Notre\-Dame de Bethléem chapel (to the west of the monastic church), in which is a [retable](/wiki/Retable "Retable") of 1650 by [Gilles Guérin](/wiki/Gilles_Gu%C3%A9rin "Gilles Guérin"), and parts of the convent were preserved, all largely dating to Louis de Blanchefort's 15th century rebuild.
|
[
"Buildings\n---------",
"{{Further\\|Carolingian architecture}}\nToday only some ruins of the ancient monastic buildings are to be seen.",
"At its height, the abbey occupied a vast enclosed estate with a great cloister (adjoining the monastic church to the south of its nave) and a little cloister (adjoining its choir).",
"The abbey church is formed of a 12th\\-century nave and 13th\\-century transepts and choir. She must have been begun around 1150\\. On September 29, 1163, [Pope Alexander III](/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III \"Pope Alexander III\") consecrated the nave whilst it was under construction. The volume of the nave was doubled by a unique second nave to its left, destroyed in 1739 by the collapse of the crossing tower \\- one can also sees the great arcades linking the two, whose bases (laid out today in bricks) alternated between one big column and two doubled smaller ones (as at the collegiate church of [Champeaux](/wiki/Seine-et-Marne \"Seine-et-Marne\"), at [Saint\\-Martin de Champeaux](/wiki/Saint-Martin_de_Champeaux \"Saint-Martin de Champeaux\"); the doubling\\-up and the decoration betray the influence of [Sens Cathedral](/wiki/Sens_Cathedral \"Sens Cathedral\")). It seems there was no plan to vault the main nave, covered instead with a paneled framework. In the right wall, one notices the door (walled\\-up) that led into the great cloister. The windows, high up because of the cloister, are apparently contemporary with the transept and choir.",
"These were constructed in the first years of the 13th century. The crossing is formed by an octagonal rotonda. This very original plan was maybe imposed on the builders by the presence in this location of some foundations of a Carolingian building, sometimes identified with the choir of the church rebuilt on the orders of Aldaric, abbot from 821 to 828 \\- visible traces of this foundation include an arch of alternating stone and nated brick on the right rear of the rotonda. The central space is not covered by a cupola but by an arch of ribs radiating out to eight supports. Between the transept chapel and the choir is located a small room (formerly the sacristy and mortuary, where the bodies of dead monks were deposited for the day before funeral, before being placed in the choir for the funeral itself). Off the left transept opens a chapel of the 14th century, perhaps replacing a chapel similar to that off the right transept.",
"The choir is covered with a sexpartite (six\\-part) arch (a 13th\\-century type particular to Champagne and Burgundy). Its lateral walls present traces of an 11th\\-century phase of construction. In the choir is the tomb of Louis de Blanchefort.",
"The crossing carried a tower called a \"lead steeple\" (visible on the engraving of the \"Monastecon gallicanum\"), decorated with eight 2\\.5m high lead statues and the arms of [Louis XIII](/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France \"Louis XIII of France\") and the [prince of Condé](/wiki/Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9 \"Prince of Condé\"), but destroyed in 1739\\. The tower steeple, to the left, is very ancient at its base; the floors were remade to in the 13th century; the arrow, at the end of the 15th.",
"The [tympanum](/wiki/Tympanum_%28architecture%29 \"Tympanum (architecture)\") of the earlier door of the central nave, today in the open air, was decorated with a scene of Christ in majesty, with (some believe) Christ as a portrait of [Clovis I](/wiki/Clovis_I \"Clovis I\"). In the earlier door of the secondary nave was a capital representing a fight between [Pepin the Short](/wiki/Pepin_the_Short \"Pepin the Short\") and a lion.",
"The glass\\-windows of the apse date back to the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th, ordered by Louis of Blancafort or his successor Pierre de Martigny (1518\\-1527\\).",
"Besides the monastic church (12th and 13th centuries), the Notre\\-Dame de Bethléem chapel (to the west of the monastic church), in which is a [retable](/wiki/Retable \"Retable\") of 1650 by [Gilles Guérin](/wiki/Gilles_Gu%C3%A9rin \"Gilles Guérin\"), and parts of the convent were preserved, all largely dating to Louis de Blanchefort's 15th century rebuild.",
""
] |
Life and career
---------------
Mark Landis was born in [Norfolk, Virginia](/wiki/Norfolk%2C_Virginia "Norfolk, Virginia"). His grandfather, Arthur Landis, was a director at the now defunct [Auburn Automobile](/wiki/Auburn_Automobile "Auburn Automobile") company.{{cite news \|url\=http://fultonhistory.com/newspaper%208/Schenectady%20NY%20Gazette/Schenectady%20NY%20Gazette%201934%20Grayscale/Schenectady%20NY%20Gazette%201934%20Grayscale%20\-%200046\.pdf \|title\=Appointments To New Offices \|newspaper\=Schenectady Gazette \|date\=January 3, 1934 \|page\=9 \|accessdate\=January 4, 2012}} His father, Arthur Landis Jr., a lieutenant (and later lieutenant commander) in the [US Navy](/wiki/US_Navy "US Navy"), married his mother, Jonita (1930–2010\), in 1952\. Landis was born three years later, and the family moved around because of his father's various postings. Following assignments in the [Philippines](/wiki/Philippines "Philippines") and [Hong Kong](/wiki/Hong_Kong "Hong Kong"), Arthur Landis Jr. was posted to [NATO](/wiki/NATO "NATO") in Europe, where the family lived in [Cap Ferrat](/wiki/Cap_Ferrat "Cap Ferrat") (France), [London](/wiki/London "London"), [Paris](/wiki/Paris "Paris"), and finally [Brussels](/wiki/Brussels "Brussels"), where Landis began forging [stamp cancellations](/wiki/Cancellation_%28mail%29 "Cancellation (mail)") for his friends.Wilkinson, Alec. ["The Giveaway"](http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/08/26/the-giveaway), *The New Yorker*, August 6, 2013\.
In 1968, the family returned to the United States, settling in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1971, Landis's father was diagnosed with cancer, from which he died the following year. At 17, Landis was deeply struck by the loss of his father and he was treated for 18 months in a [Kansas](/wiki/Kansas "Kansas") hospital, where he was [diagnosed](/wiki/Diagnosis "Diagnosis") with schizophrenic, paranoid, and psychotic disorders and catatonic behavior.
Landis attended art courses at the [Art Institute of Chicago](/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago "Art Institute of Chicago") and then in [San Francisco](/wiki/San_Francisco "San Francisco") where, among other things, he worked on the maintenance of damaged paintings.{{cite news \|url\=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/5905c640\-2359\-11e0\-8389\-00144feab49a.html\#axzz1BsxVgbVk \|title\=The forger's story \|first\=John \|last\=Gapper \|newspaper\=Financial Times \|date\=January 21, 2011 \|accessdate\=April 4, 2012}}{{cite journal \|url\=http://www.maxim.com/true\-crime/art\-forger\-mark\-landis \|title\=Art Forger Mark Landis \|journal\=Maxim \|first\=Jesse \|last\=Hyde \|date\=4 January 2012 \|accessdate\=April 4, 2012}} He bought an art gallery, but it was not successful, and he lost money in a real\-estate investment. In 1988, he decided to return to live with his mother and stepfather, James Brantley, in Laurel, Mississippi.
Landis embarked on his journey as an art forger in the mid\-1980s, initiating his deceptive practice by presenting several artworks to a museum in California, attributing them to the renowned American 20th Century artist Maynard Dixon and claiming he wished to make a gesture that would please his mother and honor the memory of his father. These first successful attempts at art forgery convinced him to repeat the feat.{{cite news \|last1\=Caffrey \|first1\=Jason \|title\=America's Most Generous Con Artist \|url\=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine\-31818367 \|access\-date\=11 February 2024 \|agency\=BBC \|publisher\=BBC \|date\=31 March 2015}}{{cite web \|url\=http://www.lepoint.fr/societe/moi\-mark\-landis\-peintre\-faussaire\-et\-philanthrope\-21\-04\-2011\-1324103\_23\.php \|title\=Moi, Mark Landis, peintre, faussaire et philanthrope \|work\=Le Point\|date\=21 April 2011 \|language\=fr}} For more than 20 years, Landis donated all kinds of faux pieces of art to institutions in the United States, including more than 50 museums.{{cite news \|url\=http://arthopper.org/event/faux\-real\-a\-forgers\-story \|title\=FAUX REAL: A Forgers Story \|publisher\=ArtHopper.org \|accessdate\=April 4, 2012 }}{{dead link\|date\=January 2018 \|bot\=InternetArchiveBot \|fix\-attempted\=yes }} He generally chose smaller museums, which did not have the same means of detailed analysis as the larger ones. While not all institutions were duped, the whole process went largely unnoticed. Landis even donated up to six copies of the same work to different museums.
During this period, Landis also produced original pieces; some have been sold through [Narsad](/wiki/Brain_%26_Behavior_Research_Foundation "Brain & Behavior Research Foundation") Artworks, which sells work by artists with mental illness. As of 2013, it was still possible to buy note cards bearing a work entitled *Magnolias* by Landis (which copies a work by [Martin Johnson Heade](/wiki/Martin_Johnson_Heade "Martin Johnson Heade") without credit).{{cite web \|url\=http://www.narsadartworks.org/ProductDetails.aspx?productID\=634 \|title\=Magnolias, note cards \|publisher\=Narsad Artworks \|accessdate\=April 4, 2012}}
Landis lived at more than 15 different addresses between 1985 and 2000\. Patsy Hollister, Narsad co\-founder, believes Landis probably is more [bipolar](/wiki/Bipolar_disorder "Bipolar disorder") than schizophrenic, with an ability to paint extremely fast. Says Landis, talking about [icons](/wiki/Icon "Icon"): "I gave to hundreds of churches." Landis is also said to have worked in animation and advertisement.{{cite web \|url\=http://www.narsadartworks.org/artauction/bio.html \|title\=Meet the Artists \|publisher\=Narsad \|accessdate\=April 4, 2012}}
Landis' success derives not so much from the perfection of his faux artworks (sometimes a basic test exposes the forgery) as from his ability to copy all kinds of styles, his choice to imitate lesser\-known artists and his ability to play the role of an eccentric but sincere philanthropist. Moreover, museums tend not to authenticate gifts as carefully as works they buy.
|
[
"Life and career\n---------------",
"Mark Landis was born in [Norfolk, Virginia](/wiki/Norfolk%2C_Virginia \"Norfolk, Virginia\"). His grandfather, Arthur Landis, was a director at the now defunct [Auburn Automobile](/wiki/Auburn_Automobile \"Auburn Automobile\") company.{{cite news \\|url\\=http://fultonhistory.com/newspaper%208/Schenectady%20NY%20Gazette/Schenectady%20NY%20Gazette%201934%20Grayscale/Schenectady%20NY%20Gazette%201934%20Grayscale%20\\-%200046\\.pdf \\|title\\=Appointments To New Offices \\|newspaper\\=Schenectady Gazette \\|date\\=January 3, 1934 \\|page\\=9 \\|accessdate\\=January 4, 2012}} His father, Arthur Landis Jr., a lieutenant (and later lieutenant commander) in the [US Navy](/wiki/US_Navy \"US Navy\"), married his mother, Jonita (1930–2010\\), in 1952\\. Landis was born three years later, and the family moved around because of his father's various postings. Following assignments in the [Philippines](/wiki/Philippines \"Philippines\") and [Hong Kong](/wiki/Hong_Kong \"Hong Kong\"), Arthur Landis Jr. was posted to [NATO](/wiki/NATO \"NATO\") in Europe, where the family lived in [Cap Ferrat](/wiki/Cap_Ferrat \"Cap Ferrat\") (France), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), [Paris](/wiki/Paris \"Paris\"), and finally [Brussels](/wiki/Brussels \"Brussels\"), where Landis began forging [stamp cancellations](/wiki/Cancellation_%28mail%29 \"Cancellation (mail)\") for his friends.Wilkinson, Alec. [\"The Giveaway\"](http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/08/26/the-giveaway), *The New Yorker*, August 6, 2013\\.",
"In 1968, the family returned to the United States, settling in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1971, Landis's father was diagnosed with cancer, from which he died the following year. At 17, Landis was deeply struck by the loss of his father and he was treated for 18 months in a [Kansas](/wiki/Kansas \"Kansas\") hospital, where he was [diagnosed](/wiki/Diagnosis \"Diagnosis\") with schizophrenic, paranoid, and psychotic disorders and catatonic behavior.",
"Landis attended art courses at the [Art Institute of Chicago](/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago \"Art Institute of Chicago\") and then in [San Francisco](/wiki/San_Francisco \"San Francisco\") where, among other things, he worked on the maintenance of damaged paintings.{{cite news \\|url\\=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/5905c640\\-2359\\-11e0\\-8389\\-00144feab49a.html\\#axzz1BsxVgbVk \\|title\\=The forger's story \\|first\\=John \\|last\\=Gapper \\|newspaper\\=Financial Times \\|date\\=January 21, 2011 \\|accessdate\\=April 4, 2012}}{{cite journal \\|url\\=http://www.maxim.com/true\\-crime/art\\-forger\\-mark\\-landis \\|title\\=Art Forger Mark Landis \\|journal\\=Maxim \\|first\\=Jesse \\|last\\=Hyde \\|date\\=4 January 2012 \\|accessdate\\=April 4, 2012}} He bought an art gallery, but it was not successful, and he lost money in a real\\-estate investment. In 1988, he decided to return to live with his mother and stepfather, James Brantley, in Laurel, Mississippi.",
"Landis embarked on his journey as an art forger in the mid\\-1980s, initiating his deceptive practice by presenting several artworks to a museum in California, attributing them to the renowned American 20th Century artist Maynard Dixon and claiming he wished to make a gesture that would please his mother and honor the memory of his father. These first successful attempts at art forgery convinced him to repeat the feat.{{cite news \\|last1\\=Caffrey \\|first1\\=Jason \\|title\\=America's Most Generous Con Artist \\|url\\=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine\\-31818367 \\|access\\-date\\=11 February 2024 \\|agency\\=BBC \\|publisher\\=BBC \\|date\\=31 March 2015}}{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.lepoint.fr/societe/moi\\-mark\\-landis\\-peintre\\-faussaire\\-et\\-philanthrope\\-21\\-04\\-2011\\-1324103\\_23\\.php \\|title\\=Moi, Mark Landis, peintre, faussaire et philanthrope \\|work\\=Le Point\\|date\\=21 April 2011 \\|language\\=fr}} For more than 20 years, Landis donated all kinds of faux pieces of art to institutions in the United States, including more than 50 museums.{{cite news \\|url\\=http://arthopper.org/event/faux\\-real\\-a\\-forgers\\-story \\|title\\=FAUX REAL: A Forgers Story \\|publisher\\=ArtHopper.org \\|accessdate\\=April 4, 2012 }}{{dead link\\|date\\=January 2018 \\|bot\\=InternetArchiveBot \\|fix\\-attempted\\=yes }} He generally chose smaller museums, which did not have the same means of detailed analysis as the larger ones. While not all institutions were duped, the whole process went largely unnoticed. Landis even donated up to six copies of the same work to different museums.",
"During this period, Landis also produced original pieces; some have been sold through [Narsad](/wiki/Brain_%26_Behavior_Research_Foundation \"Brain & Behavior Research Foundation\") Artworks, which sells work by artists with mental illness. As of 2013, it was still possible to buy note cards bearing a work entitled *Magnolias* by Landis (which copies a work by [Martin Johnson Heade](/wiki/Martin_Johnson_Heade \"Martin Johnson Heade\") without credit).{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.narsadartworks.org/ProductDetails.aspx?productID\\=634 \\|title\\=Magnolias, note cards \\|publisher\\=Narsad Artworks \\|accessdate\\=April 4, 2012}}",
"Landis lived at more than 15 different addresses between 1985 and 2000\\. Patsy Hollister, Narsad co\\-founder, believes Landis probably is more [bipolar](/wiki/Bipolar_disorder \"Bipolar disorder\") than schizophrenic, with an ability to paint extremely fast. Says Landis, talking about [icons](/wiki/Icon \"Icon\"): \"I gave to hundreds of churches.\" Landis is also said to have worked in animation and advertisement.{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.narsadartworks.org/artauction/bio.html \\|title\\=Meet the Artists \\|publisher\\=Narsad \\|accessdate\\=April 4, 2012}}",
"Landis' success derives not so much from the perfection of his faux artworks (sometimes a basic test exposes the forgery) as from his ability to copy all kinds of styles, his choice to imitate lesser\\-known artists and his ability to play the role of an eccentric but sincere philanthropist. Moreover, museums tend not to authenticate gifts as carefully as works they buy.",
""
] |
Signs and Symptoms
------------------
The most common symptoms of SLC13A5 Epilepsy are seizures, delayed neurological development, and significant defects in tooth development.{{Cite journal \|last1\=Matricardi \|first1\=Sara \|last2\=De Liso \|first2\=Paola \|last3\=Freri \|first3\=Elena \|last4\=Costa \|first4\=Paola \|last5\=Castellotti \|first5\=Barbara \|last6\=Magri \|first6\=Stefania \|last7\=Gellera \|first7\=Cinzia \|last8\=Granata \|first8\=Tiziana \|last9\=Musante \|first9\=Luciana \|last10\=Lesca \|first10\=Gaetan \|last11\=Oertel \|first11\=Julie \|last12\=Craiu \|first12\=Dana \|last13\=Hammer \|first13\=Trine B. \|last14\=Møller \|first14\=Rikke S. \|last15\=Barisic \|first15\=Nina \|date\=November 2020 \|title\=Neonatal developmental and epileptic encephalopathy due to autosomal recessive variants in SLC13A5 gene \|url\=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10\.1111/epi.16699 \|journal\=Epilepsia \|language\=en \|volume\=61 \|issue\=11 \|pages\=2474–2485 \|doi\=10\.1111/epi.16699 \|pmid\=33063863 \|issn\=0013\-9580}} Other symptoms include ataxia, dystonia, global developmental delay, and intellectual disability. People with SLC13A5 Epilepsy have widely spaced teeth but no facial dysmorphism.
### Nervous System
People with SLC13A5 Epilepsy present with severe, convulsive multi\-focal seizures leading to status epilepticus within the first few weeks of life. They continue to have seizures of varying type (focal, multi\-focal, generalized, tonic\-clonic, etc), frequency, and severity for the rest of their lives. Unfortunately, these seizures are poorly controlled by medications.
People with SLC13A5 Epilepsy also experience combinations of [spasticity](/wiki/Spasticity "Spasticity"), dystonia (involuntary contraction of muscles), ataxia (poor motor coordination), and [choreoathetosis](/wiki/Choreoathetosis "Choreoathetosis") (involuntary twitching or writhing).
### Dental and Oral
People with SLC13A5 Epilepsy often have [enamel hypoplasia](/wiki/Enamel_hypoplasia "Enamel hypoplasia"), leading to widely spaced teeth, teeth hypoplasia, [hypodontia](/wiki/Hypodontia "Hypodontia"), and [gingival hyperplasia](/wiki/Gingival_enlargement "Gingival enlargement").
### Development
People with SLC13A5 Epilepsy present with varying degrees of [developmental delay](/wiki/Global_developmental_delay "Global developmental delay"). Developmental delay is often obvious by 6 months of age, with lack of rolling, inability to demonstrate head support, and poor eye contact. Walking without support and speech onset are also delayed. People with SLC13A5 Epilepsy also present with varying levels of intellectual disability and limited ability to speak.
|
[
"Signs and Symptoms\n------------------",
"The most common symptoms of SLC13A5 Epilepsy are seizures, delayed neurological development, and significant defects in tooth development.{{Cite journal \\|last1\\=Matricardi \\|first1\\=Sara \\|last2\\=De Liso \\|first2\\=Paola \\|last3\\=Freri \\|first3\\=Elena \\|last4\\=Costa \\|first4\\=Paola \\|last5\\=Castellotti \\|first5\\=Barbara \\|last6\\=Magri \\|first6\\=Stefania \\|last7\\=Gellera \\|first7\\=Cinzia \\|last8\\=Granata \\|first8\\=Tiziana \\|last9\\=Musante \\|first9\\=Luciana \\|last10\\=Lesca \\|first10\\=Gaetan \\|last11\\=Oertel \\|first11\\=Julie \\|last12\\=Craiu \\|first12\\=Dana \\|last13\\=Hammer \\|first13\\=Trine B. \\|last14\\=Møller \\|first14\\=Rikke S. \\|last15\\=Barisic \\|first15\\=Nina \\|date\\=November 2020 \\|title\\=Neonatal developmental and epileptic encephalopathy due to autosomal recessive variants in SLC13A5 gene \\|url\\=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10\\.1111/epi.16699 \\|journal\\=Epilepsia \\|language\\=en \\|volume\\=61 \\|issue\\=11 \\|pages\\=2474–2485 \\|doi\\=10\\.1111/epi.16699 \\|pmid\\=33063863 \\|issn\\=0013\\-9580}} Other symptoms include ataxia, dystonia, global developmental delay, and intellectual disability. People with SLC13A5 Epilepsy have widely spaced teeth but no facial dysmorphism.",
"### Nervous System",
"People with SLC13A5 Epilepsy present with severe, convulsive multi\\-focal seizures leading to status epilepticus within the first few weeks of life. They continue to have seizures of varying type (focal, multi\\-focal, generalized, tonic\\-clonic, etc), frequency, and severity for the rest of their lives. Unfortunately, these seizures are poorly controlled by medications.",
"People with SLC13A5 Epilepsy also experience combinations of [spasticity](/wiki/Spasticity \"Spasticity\"), dystonia (involuntary contraction of muscles), ataxia (poor motor coordination), and [choreoathetosis](/wiki/Choreoathetosis \"Choreoathetosis\") (involuntary twitching or writhing).",
"### Dental and Oral",
"People with SLC13A5 Epilepsy often have [enamel hypoplasia](/wiki/Enamel_hypoplasia \"Enamel hypoplasia\"), leading to widely spaced teeth, teeth hypoplasia, [hypodontia](/wiki/Hypodontia \"Hypodontia\"), and [gingival hyperplasia](/wiki/Gingival_enlargement \"Gingival enlargement\").",
"### Development",
"People with SLC13A5 Epilepsy present with varying degrees of [developmental delay](/wiki/Global_developmental_delay \"Global developmental delay\"). Developmental delay is often obvious by 6 months of age, with lack of rolling, inability to demonstrate head support, and poor eye contact. Walking without support and speech onset are also delayed. People with SLC13A5 Epilepsy also present with varying levels of intellectual disability and limited ability to speak.",
""
] |
Development
-----------
{{Missing information\|section\|recent releases\|date\=February 2022}}
The elementary OS distribution started as a set of [themes](/wiki/Theme_%28computing%29 "Theme (computing)") and applications designed for Ubuntu which later became its own Linux distribution.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.askvg.com/elementary\-os\-jupiter\-awesome\-linux\-distribution\-based\-on\-ubuntu/\|title\=Elementary OS "Jupiter": Awesome Linux Distribution Based on Ubuntu\|last\=Gupta\|first\=Vishal\|date\=19 April 2011\|website\=AskVG\|access\-date\=11 August 2013\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020021212/http://www.askvg.com/elementary\-os\-jupiter\-awesome\-linux\-distribution\-based\-on\-ubuntu/\|archive\-date\=20 October 2013}} Being Ubuntu\-based, it is compatible with its [repositories](/wiki/Software_repository "Software repository") and packages, and prior to version 0\.4 "Loki", it used the Ubuntu [software centre](/wiki/Ubuntu_Software_Center "Ubuntu Software Center") to handle software installation and uninstallation. However, after the release of Loki, Elementary bundled their own app store, AppCenter, whose [user interface](/wiki/User_interface "User interface") is designed to be intuitive for new users without consuming excessive resources.{{cite web\|url\=http://weblogit.net/2013/08/13/elementary\-os\-luna\-eine\-mac\-os\-x\-aehnelnde\-linux\-distribution\-86288/\|title\=Elementary OS 'Luna': Eine Mac OS X ähnelnde Linux\-Distribution\|last\=Nemec\|first\=Tom\|date\=13 August 2013\|website\=Weblogit\|language\=de\|access\-date\=20 February 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209104211/http://www.weblogit.net/2013/08/13/elementary\-os\-luna\-eine\-mac\-os\-x\-aehnelnde\-linux\-distribution\-86288/\|archive\-date\=9 February 2014\|url\-status\=dead}}
elementary OS is based on Ubuntu's Long Term Support releases, which Ubuntu's developers actively maintain for bugs and security for years even as development continues on the next release.{{cite web \|url\=https://arstechnica.com/information\-technology/2016/05/ubuntu\-16\-04\-proves\-even\-an\-lts\-release\-can\-live\-at\-linuxs\-bleeding\-edge/ \|title\=Ubuntu 16\.04 proves even an LTS release can live at Linux's bleeding edge \|work\=\[\[Ars Technica]] \|publisher\=\[\[Condé Nast]] \|first\=Scott \|last\=Gilbertson \|date\=10 May 2016 \|access\-date\=14 June 2017 \|archive\-date\=19 April 2017 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419025717/https://arstechnica.com/information\-technology/2016/05/ubuntu\-16\-04\-proves\-even\-an\-lts\-release\-can\-live\-at\-linuxs\-bleeding\-edge/ \|url\-status\=live }}{{cite web\|url\=http://news.softpedia.com/news/elementary\-os\-0\-4\-loki\-officially\-released\-it\-s\-based\-on\-ubuntu\-16\-04\-lts\-508147\.shtml\|title\=elementary OS 0\.4 "Loki" Officially Released, It's Based on Ubuntu 16\.04 LTS\|last\=Nestor\|first\=Marius\|date\=9 September 2016\|website\=\[\[Softpedia]]\|publisher\=SoftNews\|access\-date\=25 September 2016\|archive\-date\=14 November 2017\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114092912/http://news.softpedia.com/news/elementary\-os\-0\-4\-loki\-officially\-released\-it\-s\-based\-on\-ubuntu\-16\-04\-lts\-508147\.shtml\|url\-status\=live}}
elementary OS founder Danielle Foré has said that the project is not designed to compete with existing open source projects, but to expand their reach. It also seeks to create open source jobs through developer "bounties" on specific tasks. As of the 2016 Loki release, {{US$}}17,500 in bounties had been raised.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.linux.com/learn/elementary\-os\-loki\-has\-arrived\|title\=Elementary OS Loki Has Arrived\|date\=9 September 2016\|access\-date\=25 September 2016\|last1\=Wallen\|first1\=Jack\|work\=\[\[Linux.com]]\|archive\-date\=26 January 2017\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126113731/https://www.linux.com/learn/elementary\-os\-loki\-has\-arrived\|url\-status\=live}}
### 0\.1 Jupiter
The first stable version of elementary OS was *Jupiter*, published on 31 March 2011{{cite web\|url\=http://blog.elementary.io/post/126786393856/how\-old\-is\-elementarys\-project\-on\-which\-date\-was\|title\=How old is Elementary's project?\|last\=Foré\|first\=Danielle\|date\=15 August 2015\|work\=Elementary blog\|access\-date\=2 September 2015\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902140146/http://blog.elementary.io/post/126786393856/how\-old\-is\-elementarys\-project\-on\-which\-date\-was\|archive\-date\=2 September 2015\|url\-status\=dead}} and based on [Ubuntu 10\.10](/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history%231010 "Ubuntu version history#1010").{{cite web\|url\=http://www.muylinux.com/2012/10/19/elementary\-os\-jupiter\-deja\-de\-estar\-disponible/\|title\=Elementary OS "Jupiter" deja de estar disponible\|last\=Pastor Nóbrega\|first\=Javier\|date\=19 October 2012\|website\=MuyLinux\|language\=es\|access\-date\=20 February 2014\|archive\-date\=25 November 2012\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125112130/http://www.muylinux.com/2012/10/19/elementary\-os\-jupiter\-deja\-de\-estar\-disponible/\|url\-status\=live}}{{cite web\|url\=http://www.webupd8\.org/2012/10/elementary\-os\-jupiter\-no\-longer.html\|title\=Elementary OS Jupiter no longer available for download, makes room for Luna\|last\=Andrei\|first\=Alin\|date\=12 October 2012\|publisher\=Web Upd8\|access\-date\=20 February 2014\|archive\-date\=26 January 2013\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126210516/http://www.webupd8\.org/2012/10/elementary\-os\-jupiter\-no\-longer.html\|url\-status\=live}}
### 0\.2 Luna
[thumb\|elementary OS 0\.2 "Luna"](/wiki/File:Luna_elementary_OS.png "Luna elementary OS.png")
In November 2012, the first beta version of elementary OS code\-named *Luna* was released, which uses [Ubuntu 12\.04 LTS](/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history%231204 "Ubuntu version history#1204") as a base.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.webupd8\.org/2012/11/elementary\-os\-luna\-beta\-1\-available\-for.html\|title\=Elementary OS Luna beta 1 available for download\|last\=Andrei\|first\=Alin\|date\=14 November 2012\|website\=Web Upd8\|access\-date\=20 February 2014\|archive\-date\=27 January 2013\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127115316/http://www.webupd8\.org/2012/11/elementary\-os\-luna\-beta\-1\-available\-for.html\|url\-status\=live}}
The second beta version of *Luna* was released on 6 May 2013, carrying more than 300 bug fixes and several changes, such as improved support for multiple localizations, multiple display support and updated applications.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page\=news\_item\&px\=MTM2NjA\|title\=Elementary OS Luna Beta 2 Released\|last\=Larabel\|first\=Michael\|date\=6 May 2013\|publisher\=Phoronix\|access\-date\=11 August 2013\|archive\-date\=6 June 2013\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606210419/http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page\=news\_item\&px\=MTM2NjA\|url\-status\=live}} On 7 August 2013, a countdown clock appeared on the official website with a countdown to 10 August 2013\.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.muktware.com/5828/mysterious\-countdown\-appears\-elementary\-os\-website\|title\=Mysterious countdown appears on elementary OS website\|last\=Jacobs\|first\=Robin\|date\=9 August 2013\|website\=Muktware\|access\-date\=11 August 2013\|archive\-date\=10 August 2013\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810214318/http://www.muktware.com/5828/mysterious\-countdown\-appears\-elementary\-os\-website\|url\-status\=live}} The second stable version of elementary OS, *Luna*, was released that same day, along with a complete overhaul and redesign of the elementary OS website.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.muktware.com/5831/elementary\-os\-luna\-says\-hello\-world\|title\=Elementary OS Luna says Hello World\|last\=Jacobs\|first\=Robin\|date\=11 August 2013\|website\=Muktware\|access\-date\=11 August 2013\|archive\-date\=12 August 2013\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812233904/http://www.muktware.com/5831/elementary\-os\-luna\-says\-hello\-world\|url\-status\=live}}
### 0\.3 Freya
[thumb\|elementary OS 0\.3 "Freya"](/wiki/File:Elementary_OS_0.3.1.png "Elementary OS 0.3.1.png")
The name of the third stable version of elementary OS, Isis, was proposed in August 2013 by Danielle Foré, the project leader.{{cite web\|url\=https://lists.launchpad.net/elementary\-dev\-community/msg02577\.html\|title\=Luna\+1's Name and Some Other Stuff\|last\=Foré\|first\=Danielle\|date\=16 August 2013\|work\=elementary\-dev\-community mailing list\|access\-date\=14 September 2013\|archive\-date\=29 October 2013\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200048/https://lists.launchpad.net/elementary\-dev\-community/msg02577\.html\|url\-status\=live}} It was later [changed](/wiki/Name_changes_due_to_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant "Name changes due to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant") to Freya to avoid association with the terrorist group [ISIS](/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant").{{cite web\|url\=http://elementaryos.org/journal/elementary\-os\-isis\-is\-now\-freya\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624034633/http://elementaryos.org/journal/elementary\-os\-isis\-is\-now\-freya\|url\-status\=dead\|archive\-date\=24 June 2014\|title\=Elementary OS Isis is now Freya\|last\=James\|first\=Cassidy\|date\=22 June 2014\|website\=ElementaryOS.org\|access\-date\=1 October 2014}} It is based on [Ubuntu 14\.04 LTS](/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history%231404 "Ubuntu version history#1404"), which was released in April 2014\. The first beta of Freya was released on 11 August 2014\.{{cite web\|url\=http://elementaryos.org/journal/freya\-beta\-1\-available\-for\-developers\-testers\|title\=Freya Beta 1 Available for Developers \& Testers\|last\=Foré\|first\=Danielle\|date\=11 August 2014\|website\=ElementaryOS.org\|access\-date\=12 August 2014\|archive\-date\=12 August 2014\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812223759/http://elementaryos.org/journal/freya\-beta\-1\-available\-for\-developers\-testers\|url\-status\=live}} The second beta of Freya was released on 8 February 2015\.{{cite web\|url\=http://blog.elementaryos.org/post/110481021076/freya\-beta\-2\-is\-here\|title\=Freya Beta 2 is here!\|last\=Foré\|first\=Danielle\|date\=8 February 2015\|website\=ElementaryOS.org\|access\-date\=9 February 2015\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210020108/http://blog.elementaryos.org/post/110481021076/freya\-beta\-2\-is\-here\|archive\-date\=10 February 2015\|url\-status\=dead}} The final version was released on 11 April 2015, after a countdown clock appeared on the website eight days earlier.{{Cite news\|url\=https://linux.softpedia.com/blog/Countdown\-on\-elementary\-OS\-Website\-Suggests\-a\-New\-Freya\-Release\-477583\.shtml\|title\=Countdown on elementary OS Website Suggests a New Freya Release\|last\=Nestor\|first\=Marius\|work\=softpedia\|access\-date\=6 August 2018\|language\=en\-us\|archive\-date\=7 August 2018\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807002212/https://linux.softpedia.com/blog/Countdown\-on\-elementary\-OS\-Website\-Suggests\-a\-New\-Freya\-Release\-477583\.shtml\|url\-status\=live}}{{Cite web\|url\=http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2015/04/elementary\-os\-freya\-download/\|title\=Elementary OS Freya (Stable) Available for Download {{!}} UbuntuHandbook\|website\=ubuntuhandbook.org\|language\=en\-US\|access\-date\=6 August 2018\|archive\-date\=7 August 2018\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807001803/http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2015/04/elementary\-os\-freya\-download/\|url\-status\=live}}
Freya was downloaded 1\.2 million times. In line with Elementary's intent to expand the reach of open source software, 73 percent of Freya downloads were from closed source operating systems.
In 2015, the elementary OS developers changed the download page to default to a monetary amount before providing a direct [HTTP](/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol "Hypertext Transfer Protocol") download for the current stable release. Despite the fact that the user could specify any amount, or no amount at all, it sparked controversy about how such practices are typically not perceived as being in alignment with [FOSS](/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software "Free and open-source software") distribution philosophies.{{Cite web\|title \= Online Community Goes Nuts After elementary OS Devs Say People Should Pay\|url \= http://news.softpedia.com/news/Online\-Community\-Goes\-Nuts\-After\-elementary\-OS\-Devs\-Say\-People\-Should\-Pay\-473225\.shtml\|website \= softpedia\|date \= 16 February 2015\|access\-date \= 8 January 2016\|archive\-date \= 31 January 2016\|archive\-url \= https://web.archive.org/web/20160131034308/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Online\-Community\-Goes\-Nuts\-After\-elementary\-OS\-Devs\-Say\-People\-Should\-Pay\-473225\.shtml\|url\-status \= live}}{{Cite web\|title \= Should you pay for Elementary OS?\|url \= http://www.infoworld.com/article/2883114/should\-you\-pay\-for\-elementary\-os.html\|website \= InfoWorld\|access\-date \= 8 January 2016\|date \= 11 February 2015\|archive\-date \= 8 January 2016\|archive\-url \= https://web.archive.org/web/20160108155126/http://www.infoworld.com/article/2883114/should\-you\-pay\-for\-elementary\-os.html\|url\-status \= live}}{{Cite web\|title \= Payments\|url \= http://blog.elementary.io/post/110645528530/payments\|website \= blog.elementary.io\|access\-date \= 8 January 2016\|archive\-url \= https://web.archive.org/web/20160126040419/http://blog.elementary.io/post/110645528530/payments\|archive\-date \= 26 January 2016\|url\-status \= dead}} The elementary OS team has defended the action stating that "Around 99\.875% of those users download without paying", and that it is needed to ensure the continued development of the distribution.
In a review of all Linux distributions, *Linux.com* gave elementary OS their "best\-looking distro" superlative in early 2016\. The reviewer noted its developers' design background, their influence from [Mac OS X](/wiki/MacOS "MacOS"), and their philosophy of prioritizing strict design rules and applications that follow these rules.{{cite web \|url\=https://www.linux.com/news/best\-linux\-distros\-2016 \|title\=The Best Linux Distros of 2016 \|website\=Linux.com \|publisher\=The Linux Foundation \|date\=12 January 2016 \|first\=Swapnil \|last\=Bhartiya \|access\-date\=15 October 2016 \|archive\-date\=3 August 2020 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803235558/https://www.linux.com/news/best\-linux\-distros\-2016/ \|url\-status\=live }}
### 0\.4 Loki
[thumb\|elementary OS 0\.4 "Loki"](/wiki/File:ElementaryOS_Loki.png "ElementaryOS Loki.png")
elementary OS 0\.4, known by its codename "Loki", was released on 9 September 2016\. Loki was built atop the Ubuntu "long\-term support" version released earlier in the year{{efn\|\[\[Ubuntu version history\#1604\|Ubuntu 16\.04 LTS]], Xenial Xerus, was supported until 2021\.}} and its updated kernel (4\.4\). Loki revamped the operating system's notifications and added multiple new pieces of standard software. It let users set notification display preferences. Updated notification menu bar indicators began to display information from the notification—such as the title of an email—rather than a general alert. The operating system also added a system\-wide integration for online accounts for [Last.fm](/wiki/Last.fm "Last.fm") and [FastMail](/wiki/FastMail "FastMail"), with other services in development.
Loki replaced Freya's [Midori](/wiki/Midori_%28web_browser%29 "Midori (web browser)") web browser with [GNOME Web](/wiki/GNOME_Web "GNOME Web"), a [WebKit2](/wiki/WebKit2 "WebKit2")\-based browser with better performance. After the [Yorba Foundation](/wiki/Yorba_Foundation "Yorba Foundation") which developed the [Geary](/wiki/Geary_%28software%29 "Geary (software)") email client was dissolved, elementary OS forked Geary as "Mail" and added new visual and integration features. In a new calendar feature, users could describe events in natural language, which the calendar program interprets and places into the proper time and description fields when creating events.
elementary OS also created its own [app store](/wiki/App_store "App store") that simplifies the process of installing and updating applications. Project founder Danielle Foré called the AppCenter the biggest feature in the Loki release, and noted its speed improvement over other installation methods and internal development benefits for departing from Ubuntu's upgrade tools. Loki developers received $9,000 in bounties during its development—nearly half of the project's total bounty fundraising.
Jack Wallen of Linux.com praised Loki as being among the most elegant and best\-designed Linux desktops. He found the web browser and app store changes to be significant improvements, and the email client revamp "a much\-needed breath of fresh air" in a stagnating field. Overall, Wallen surmised that existing users would appreciate Loki's polish and new users would find it to be a perfect introduction to the operating system. Bryan Lunduke of *[Network World](/wiki/Network_World "Network World")* lauded Loki's performance, usability, polish, and easy installation, but considered it a better fit for new Linux users than for those already established.
The elementary OS team received a large donation from an anonymous donor in early August 2018\. The donation has allowed the development team to hire an additional full\-time employee and expand long\-term viability for the project.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/08/elementary\-os\-hires\-cassidy\-james\|title\=Mystery Donation Lets Elementary Hire Full\-Time Staff\|date\=4 August 2018\|access\-date\=5 August 2018\|archive\-date\=5 August 2018\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805142736/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/08/elementary\-os\-hires\-cassidy\-james\|url\-status\=live}}
### 5\.0 Juno
[thumb\|elementary OS 5\.0 "Juno"](/wiki/File:Scrivania_di_elementary_OS_5.0_Juno.png "Scrivania di elementary OS 5.0 Juno.png")
elementary OS 5\.0, known by its codename "Juno", was released on 16 October 2018\. The update brings changes to the AppCenter pay\-what\-you\-want system, as well a Night Light feature for changing the screen color at night, and adjustable window tiling as well as several other new features for the Pantheon desktop and elementary OS applications. The update also contained a new Housekeeping feature in settings, which removes trashed, as well as temporary, files after a given time interval.{{Cite news\|url\=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how\-and\-why\-you\-should\-enable\-housekeeping\-in\-elementary\-os\-juno/\|title\=How\-\-and why\-\-you should enable Housekeeping in elementary OS Juno\|work\=TechRepublic\|access\-date\=23 November 2018\|language\=en\|archive\-date\=30 July 2020\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730230036/https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how\-and\-why\-you\-should\-enable\-housekeeping\-in\-elementary\-os\-juno/\|url\-status\=live}}
Jack Wallen, writing for [TechRepublic](/wiki/TechRepublic "TechRepublic"), praised the update for bringing subtle changes and improving upon Loki.{{Cite news\|url\=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/elementary\-os\-juno\-has\-arrived\-and\-it\-is\-spectacularly\-subtle/\|title\=Elementary OS Juno has arrived, and it is spectacularly subtle\|work\=TechRepublic\|access\-date\=23 November 2018\|language\=en\|archive\-date\=23 November 2018\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123113537/https://www.techrepublic.com/article/elementary\-os\-juno\-has\-arrived\-and\-it\-is\-spectacularly\-subtle/\|url\-status\=live}} Jason Evangelho, writing for *Forbes*, called the update elegant, stating that "elementary OS 5\.0 Juno, thus far, does just work. And looks absolutely beautiful doing it."{{Cite news\|url\=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonevangelho/2018/10/16/elementary\-os\-5\-0\-juno\-just\-released\-here\-are\-the\-best\-new\-features/\#5eb7f00e5516\|title\=elementary OS 5\.0 Juno Just Released \-\- Here Are The Best New Features\|last\=Evangelho\|first\=Jason\|work\=Forbes\|access\-date\=23 November 2018\|language\=en\|archive\-date\=23 November 2018\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123070902/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonevangelho/2018/10/16/elementary\-os\-5\-0\-juno\-just\-released\-here\-are\-the\-best\-new\-features/\#5eb7f00e5516\|url\-status\=live}} In a review from LinuxInsider, the reviewer called the operating system a "very solid Linux distro" despite criticizing it for lacking [power\-user](/wiki/Power_user "Power user") features.{{Cite web\|url\=https://www.linuxinsider.com/story/85733\.html\|title\=Pantheon Desktop Makes Linux Elementary {{!}} Reviews {{!}} LinuxInsider\|website\=www.linuxinsider.com\|date\=12 December 2018 \|access\-date\=17 December 2018\|archive\-date\=17 December 2018\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217202515/https://www.linuxinsider.com/story/85733\.html\|url\-status\=live}}
As of November 2018, Juno has been downloaded over 160,000 times, with 1% of people choosing to pay (with $10 being the most common amount, followed closely by $1\){{Cite web\|url\=https://medium.com/elementaryos/updates\-for\-november\-8c5d44ca723\|title\=Updates for November\|last\=Foré\|first\=Danielle\|date\=30 November 2018\|website\=elementary\|access\-date\=16 December 2018\|archive\-date\=30 July 2020\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730233021/https://medium.com/elementaryos/updates\-for\-november\-8c5d44ca723\|url\-status\=live}}
As part of an October 2019 update, elementary OS started supporting [Flatpak](/wiki/Flatpak "Flatpak") out of the box,{{cite web\|title\=elementary OS Now Has Support for Flatpak Apps\|date\=3 November 2019\|url\=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/11/elementary\-os\-flatpak\-support\|access\-date\=21 May 2020\|archive\-date\=30 July 2020\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730231217/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/11/elementary\-os\-flatpak\-support\|url\-status\=live}} thereby making it easier to install any of the wide array of Flatpak apps that are available.
### 5\.1 Hera
[thumb\|elementary OS 5\.1 "Hera"](/wiki/File:Elementary_OS_5.1_Hera.png "Elementary OS 5.1 Hera.png")
Development of elementary OS 5\.1 “Hera” began after the release of elementary OS 5\.0 “Juno” and focused on refining the user experience, improving performance, and introducing new features.
The development team started by addressing various bugs and stability issues present in the previous version. They put great emphasis on enhancing system performance and optimizing resource usage to ensure a smoother overall experience. One of the key goals of “Hera” was to make elementary OS even more responsive and efficient.
In terms of visual improvements, the team refined the existing desktop environment, Pantheon, and its accompanying applications. The design language was further polished, resulting in a more polished and consistent look throughout the system. Several system icons and styles were updated, giving “Hera” a more refined appearance.
The Files (formerly known as Nautilus) file manager received attention during development, with improvements in performance and a cleaner interface. Additionally, the team introduced a revamped Applications menu, making it easier to navigate and find installed software.
### 6\.0 Odin
[thumb\|elementary OS 6\.0 "Odin"elementary](/wiki/File:Elementary_odin.png "Elementary odin.png") OS 6\.0,{{Cite web \|title\=elementary OS 6 Updates for October, 2021 \|url\=https://blog.elementary.io/elementary\-os\-6\-odin\-updates\-october\-2021/ \|access\-date\=2022\-03\-12 \|website\=blog.elementary.io \|date\=30 October 2021 \|language\=en\-us}} released on 10 August 2021 under the codename "Odin",{{Cite web \|last\=Sneddon \|first\=Joey \|date\=2021\-08\-10 \|title\=elementary OS 6 Released, This is What's New \|url\=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2021/08/elementary\-os\-6\-odin\-release \|access\-date\=2022\-08\-05 \|website\=OMG! Ubuntu! \|language\=en\-GB}} builds upon 5\.1 Hera by including new features like a dark style and the ability to change the accent color, Improved notification handling and a new Notification Center, Online accounts for things like IMAP and CalDAV for email and calendar respectively, Multi\-touch Gestures for app switching and multiple desktops, an all new installer, a firmware updates app and more.{{Cite web \|last\=Das \|first\=Ankush \|date\=2021\-08\-10 \|title\=Top 11 New Features in elementary OS 6 Linux Release \|url\=https://news.itsfoss.com/elementary\-os\-6\-features/ \|access\-date\=2022\-03\-12 \|website\=It's FOSS News \|language\=en\-US}}
### 6\.1 Jólnir
[thumb\|elementary OS 6\.1 "Jólnir"](/wiki/File:Elementary_OS_6.1.png "Elementary OS 6.1.png")
elementary 6\.1, code name "Jólnir", was released on 20 December 2021\.
#### Change of ownership
When 6\.0 and 6\.1 were released, the pay model wasn't bringing in enough revenue. After legal challenges between the two co\-founders, Cassidy James Blaede decided to sell 100% of their shares to Danielle Foré.{{Cite web \|last\=Arindam \|date\=2022\-04\-03 \|title\=Is this the End of road for elementary OS? \[Opinion and Analysis] \|url\=https://www.debugpoint.com/end\-of\-elementary\-os/ \|access\-date\=2022\-08\-05 \|website\=DebugPoint.com \|language\=en\-US}}{{Cite web \|last\=Hall \|first\=Christine \|date\=2022\-04\-06 \|title\=Elementary OS Faces Uncertain Future After Co\-Founder Split \|url\=https://fossforce.com/2022/04/elementary\-os\-faces\-uncertain\-future\-after\-co\-founder\-split/ \|access\-date\=2022\-08\-05 \|website\=FOSS Force \|language\=en\-US}} The CFO, Liz Kecso, also left the company while these issues were happening.
### 7\.0 Horus
elementary OS 7\.0 "Horus" was released on 31 January 2023\.{{Cite web \|title\=elementary OS 7 Available Now \|url\=https://blog.elementary.io/os\-7\-available\-now/ \|access\-date\=2023\-01\-31 \|website\=blog.elementary.io \|date\=31 January 2023 \|language\=en\-us}} The update focuses on the AppCenter, new features and settings, and the developer platform. This version is based on [Ubuntu 22\.04 LTS](/wiki/Ubuntu_22.04 "Ubuntu 22.04").
### Summary table
| Version | Codename | Release date | Base |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| {{Version\|o\|0\.1}}[elementary OS 0\.1 Jupiter \- Unremarkable](http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/elementary.html) {{Webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805074400/http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/elementary.html \|date\=5 August 2020 }}, **Dedoimedo**{{Cite web \|url\=https://lwn.net/Articles/438184/ \|title\=First Look at Elementary OS \[LWN.net] \|access\-date\=23 June 2018 \|archive\-date\=30 July 2020 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730232422/https://lwn.net/Articles/438184/ \|url\-status\=live }}{{Cite web \|url\=http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/03/elementary\-os\-jupiter\-released\-reviewed/ \|title\=Elementary OS 'Jupiter' released, reviewed \- OMG! Ubuntu! \|date\=31 March 2011 \|access\-date\=23 June 2018 \|archive\-date\=26 March 2020 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326190257/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/03/elementary\-os\-jupiter\-released\-reviewed \|url\-status\=live }} | Jupiter | {{Date table sorting\|format\=dmy\|2011\|03\|31}} | Ubuntu 10\.10 (maverick) |
| {{Version\|o\|0\.2}}{{Cite web \|url\=https://lwn.net/Articles/564136/ \|title\=Elementary OS releases "Luna" \[LWN.net] \|access\-date\=23 June 2018 \|archive\-date\=30 July 2020 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730231241/https://lwn.net/Articles/564136/ \|url\-status\=live }}{{Cite web \|url\=http://linuxbsdos.com/2013/08/16/elementary\-os\-0\-2\-luna\-review/ \|title\=Elementary OS 0\.2 "Luna" review {{!}} LinuxBSDos.com \|date\=17 August 2013 \|access\-date\=23 June 2018 \|archive\-date\=5 August 2020 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805170116/https://linuxbsdos.com/2013/08/16/elementary\-os\-0\-2\-luna\-review/ \|url\-status\=live }} | Luna | {{Date table sorting\|format\=dmy\|2013\|08\|10}} | Ubuntu 12\.04 LTS (precise) |
| {{Version\|o\|0\.3}}{{Cite web \|url\=https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue\=20160425\#elementary \|title\=DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 658, 25 April 2016 \|access\-date\=23 June 2018 \|archive\-date\=30 July 2019 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730120616/https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue\=20160425\#elementary \|url\-status\=live }}{{Cite web \|url\=https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/830472\-elementary\-os\-freya\-is\-this\-the\-next\-big\-linux\-distro \|title\=Elementary OS Freya: Is This The Next Big Linux Distro? {{!}} Linux.com {{!}} The source of Linux information \|access\-date\=23 June 2018 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318155750/https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/830472\-elementary\-os\-freya\-is\-this\-the\-next\-big\-linux\-distro \|archive\-date\=18 March 2016 \|url\-status\=dead }} | Freya | {{Date table sorting\|format\=dmy\|2015\|04\|11}} | Ubuntu 14\.04 LTS (trusty) |
| {{Version\|o\|0\.3\.1}} | {{Date table sorting\|format\=dmy\|2015\|09\|03}} |
| {{Version\|o\|0\.3\.2}} | {{Date table sorting\|format\=dmy\|2015\|12\|09}} |
| {{Version\|o\|0\.4}}{{Cite web \|url\=https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue\=20161031\#elementary \|title\=DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 685, 31 October 2016 \|access\-date\=23 June 2018 \|archive\-date\=31 July 2020 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731010015/https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue\=20161031\#elementary \|url\-status\=live }}{{Cite web \|url\=http://dailylinuxuser.com/2017/01/an\-everyday\-linux\-user\-review\-of\-2\.html \|title\=An Everyday Linux User Review Of Elementary OS Loki 0\.4 \|access\-date\=23 June 2018 \|archive\-date\=1 November 2018 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101090504/http://dailylinuxuser.com/2017/01/an\-everyday\-linux\-user\-review\-of\-2\.html \|url\-status\=live }}[Elementary OS 0\.4 Loki \- Ragnarok](https://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/elementary-0-4-loki.html) {{Webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731023151/https://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/elementary\-0\-4\-loki.html \|date\=31 July 2020 }}, **Dedoimedo** | Loki | {{Date table sorting\|format\=dmy\|2016\|09\|09}} | Ubuntu 16\.04 LTS (xenial) |
| {{Version\|o\|0\.4\.1}}[Tried Elementary OS 0\.4\.1 Loki again \- Negatory](https://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/elementary-0-4-loki-again.html) {{Webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731000339/https://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/elementary\-0\-4\-loki\-again.html \|date\=31 July 2020 }}, **Dedoimedo** | {{Date table sorting\|format\=dmy\|2017\|05\|17}} | Ubuntu 16\.04\.2 LTS (xenial){{cite web \| title \= Loki 0\.4\.1 Stable Release! \| url \= https://medium.com/elementaryos/new\-release\-elementary\-os\-loki\-0\-4\-1\-2a756549ee76 \| website \= medium.com \| date \= 17 May 2017 \| access\-date \= 17 May 2017 \| archive\-date \= 11 October 2017 \| archive\-url \= https://web.archive.org/web/20171011080827/https://medium.com/elementaryos/new\-release\-elementary\-os\-loki\-0\-4\-1\-2a756549ee76 \| url\-status \= live }} |
| {{Version\|o\|5\.0}}{{cite web \| title\=Let's talk about elementary OS 5\.0 Juno \| url\=https://medium.com/elementaryos/lets\-talk\-about\-elementary\-os\-5\-0\-juno\-a3a65b97ee7e \| website\=medium.com \| access\-date\=21 March 2018 \| date\=12 February 2018 \| archive\-date\=30 July 2020 \| archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730235642/https://medium.com/elementaryos/lets\-talk\-about\-elementary\-os\-5\-0\-juno\-a3a65b97ee7e \| url\-status\=live }}{{Cite web\|url\=https://itsfoss.com/elementary\-os\-juno\-features/\|title\=elementary OS 5\.0 Juno released! Check Out the New Features\|date\=3 February 2018\|website\=itsfoss\|language\=en\-US\|access\-date\=11 May 2019\|archive\-date\=6 April 2019\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406110638/https://itsfoss.com/elementary\-os\-juno\-features/\|url\-status\=live}}{{Cite web\|url\=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/02/elementary\-os\-juno\-5\-0\|title\=Elementary OS Juno will be version 5\.0, not 0\.5\|date\=5 February 2018\|website\=OMG! Ubuntu!\|language\=en\-US\|access\-date\=11 May 2019\|archive\-date\=18 October 2019\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018212009/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/02/elementary\-os\-juno\-5\-0\|url\-status\=live}} | Juno | {{Date table sorting\|format\=dmy\|2018\|10\|16}}{{Cite web\|url\=https://medium.com/elementaryos/elementary\-os\-5\-juno\-is\-here\-471dfdedc7b3\|title\=elementary OS 5 Juno is Here\|last\=Blaede\|first\=Cassidy James\|date\=16 October 2018\|website\=Medium\|access\-date\=11 May 2019\|archive\-date\=7 November 2018\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107174241/https://medium.com/elementaryos/elementary\-os\-5\-juno\-is\-here\-471dfdedc7b3\|url\-status\=live}} | Ubuntu 18\.04 LTS (bionic){{Cite web \|url\=https://medium.com/elementaryos/developer\-preview\-juno\-beta\-2\-is\-out\-418f5037e9bb \|title\=Developer Preview: Juno Beta 2 Is Out; Elementary OS – Medium \|access\-date\=24 September 2018 \|archive\-date\=31 July 2020 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731004552/https://medium.com/elementaryos/developer\-preview\-juno\-beta\-2\-is\-out\-418f5037e9bb \|url\-status\=live }} |
| {{Version\|o\|5\.1}} | Hera | {{Date table sorting\|format\=dmy\|2019\|12\|03}}{{cite web \| title\=Introducing elementary OS 5\.1 Hera \| url\=https://blog.elementary.io/introducing\-elementary\-os\-5\-1\-hera/ \| website\=elementary.io \| date\=3 December 2019 \| access\-date\=5 December 2019 \| archive\-date\=14 August 2020 \| archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814171017/https://blog.elementary.io/introducing\-elementary\-os\-5\-1\-hera/ \| url\-status\=live }} | Ubuntu 18\.04 LTS (bionic) |
| {{Version\|co\|6\.0}} | Odin{{Cite web\|url\=https://github.com/elementary/wallpapers/pull/94/files\|title\=Update release.yml by danrabbit · Pull Request \#94 · elementary/Wallpapers\|website\=\[\[GitHub]]\|access\-date\=10 April 2020\|archive\-date\=19 October 2021\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019114358/https://github.com/elementary/wallpapers/pull/94/files\|url\-status\=live}}{{Cite web\|title\=Why Elementary OS 6 Odin Can Be The Next Big Distribution Of Linux? \[Early Impressions]\|url\=https://ittwist.com/blog/elementary\-os\-6\-next\-big\-distribution\-of\-linux/\|access\-date\=2021\-07\-11\|website\=Ittwist\|date\=11 July 2021\|language\=en\|archive\-date\=11 July 2021\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711184222/https://ittwist.com/blog/elementary\-os\-6\-next\-big\-distribution\-of\-linux/\|url\-status\=live}} | 10 August 2021 | Ubuntu 20\.04 LTS (focal){{Cite web\|url\=https://fossbytes.com/elementary\-os\-6\-release\-ubuntu\-20\-04\-lts\-base/\|title\=Elementary OS 6 Will Release with Ubuntu 20\.04 LTS Base\|last\=Kumar\|first\=Sarvottam\|date\=17 January 2020\|website\=Fossbytes\|language\=en\-US\|access\-date\=27 March 2020\|archive\-date\=21 December 2021\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221112947/https://blog.elementary.io/elementary\-os\-6\-1\-available\-now/\|url\-status\=live}} |
| {{Version\|co\|6\.1}} | Jólnir{{Cite web\|url\=https://blog.elementary.io/elementary\-os\-6\-1\-available\-now/\|title\=elementary OS 6\.1 Available Now\|access\-date\=22 December 2021}} | 20 December 2021 | Ubuntu 20\.04 LTS (focal){{Cite web\|url\=https://blog.elementary.io/elementary\-os\-6\-1\-available\-now/\|title\=elementary OS 6\.1 Available Now\|date\=22 December 2021\|archive\-date\=21 December 2021\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221112947/https://blog.elementary.io/elementary\-os\-6\-1\-available\-now/\|url\-status\=live}} |
| {{Version\|co\|7\.0}} | Horus | 31 January 2023 | Ubuntu 22\.04 LTS (jammy) |
| {{Version\|c\|7\.1}} | Horus | 03 October 2023 | Ubuntu 22\.04 LTS (jammy) |
| 8\.0 | Polus | TBA | TBA |
{{Version\|l\|show\=111101}}
|
[
"Development\n-----------",
"{{Missing information\\|section\\|recent releases\\|date\\=February 2022}}\nThe elementary OS distribution started as a set of [themes](/wiki/Theme_%28computing%29 \"Theme (computing)\") and applications designed for Ubuntu which later became its own Linux distribution.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.askvg.com/elementary\\-os\\-jupiter\\-awesome\\-linux\\-distribution\\-based\\-on\\-ubuntu/\\|title\\=Elementary OS \"Jupiter\": Awesome Linux Distribution Based on Ubuntu\\|last\\=Gupta\\|first\\=Vishal\\|date\\=19 April 2011\\|website\\=AskVG\\|access\\-date\\=11 August 2013\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020021212/http://www.askvg.com/elementary\\-os\\-jupiter\\-awesome\\-linux\\-distribution\\-based\\-on\\-ubuntu/\\|archive\\-date\\=20 October 2013}} Being Ubuntu\\-based, it is compatible with its [repositories](/wiki/Software_repository \"Software repository\") and packages, and prior to version 0\\.4 \"Loki\", it used the Ubuntu [software centre](/wiki/Ubuntu_Software_Center \"Ubuntu Software Center\") to handle software installation and uninstallation. However, after the release of Loki, Elementary bundled their own app store, AppCenter, whose [user interface](/wiki/User_interface \"User interface\") is designed to be intuitive for new users without consuming excessive resources.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://weblogit.net/2013/08/13/elementary\\-os\\-luna\\-eine\\-mac\\-os\\-x\\-aehnelnde\\-linux\\-distribution\\-86288/\\|title\\=Elementary OS 'Luna': Eine Mac OS X ähnelnde Linux\\-Distribution\\|last\\=Nemec\\|first\\=Tom\\|date\\=13 August 2013\\|website\\=Weblogit\\|language\\=de\\|access\\-date\\=20 February 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209104211/http://www.weblogit.net/2013/08/13/elementary\\-os\\-luna\\-eine\\-mac\\-os\\-x\\-aehnelnde\\-linux\\-distribution\\-86288/\\|archive\\-date\\=9 February 2014\\|url\\-status\\=dead}}",
"elementary OS is based on Ubuntu's Long Term Support releases, which Ubuntu's developers actively maintain for bugs and security for years even as development continues on the next release.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://arstechnica.com/information\\-technology/2016/05/ubuntu\\-16\\-04\\-proves\\-even\\-an\\-lts\\-release\\-can\\-live\\-at\\-linuxs\\-bleeding\\-edge/ \\|title\\=Ubuntu 16\\.04 proves even an LTS release can live at Linux's bleeding edge \\|work\\=\\[\\[Ars Technica]] \\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Condé Nast]] \\|first\\=Scott \\|last\\=Gilbertson \\|date\\=10 May 2016 \\|access\\-date\\=14 June 2017 \\|archive\\-date\\=19 April 2017 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419025717/https://arstechnica.com/information\\-technology/2016/05/ubuntu\\-16\\-04\\-proves\\-even\\-an\\-lts\\-release\\-can\\-live\\-at\\-linuxs\\-bleeding\\-edge/ \\|url\\-status\\=live }}{{cite web\\|url\\=http://news.softpedia.com/news/elementary\\-os\\-0\\-4\\-loki\\-officially\\-released\\-it\\-s\\-based\\-on\\-ubuntu\\-16\\-04\\-lts\\-508147\\.shtml\\|title\\=elementary OS 0\\.4 \"Loki\" Officially Released, It's Based on Ubuntu 16\\.04 LTS\\|last\\=Nestor\\|first\\=Marius\\|date\\=9 September 2016\\|website\\=\\[\\[Softpedia]]\\|publisher\\=SoftNews\\|access\\-date\\=25 September 2016\\|archive\\-date\\=14 November 2017\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114092912/http://news.softpedia.com/news/elementary\\-os\\-0\\-4\\-loki\\-officially\\-released\\-it\\-s\\-based\\-on\\-ubuntu\\-16\\-04\\-lts\\-508147\\.shtml\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"elementary OS founder Danielle Foré has said that the project is not designed to compete with existing open source projects, but to expand their reach. It also seeks to create open source jobs through developer \"bounties\" on specific tasks. As of the 2016 Loki release, {{US$}}17,500 in bounties had been raised.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.linux.com/learn/elementary\\-os\\-loki\\-has\\-arrived\\|title\\=Elementary OS Loki Has Arrived\\|date\\=9 September 2016\\|access\\-date\\=25 September 2016\\|last1\\=Wallen\\|first1\\=Jack\\|work\\=\\[\\[Linux.com]]\\|archive\\-date\\=26 January 2017\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126113731/https://www.linux.com/learn/elementary\\-os\\-loki\\-has\\-arrived\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"### 0\\.1 Jupiter",
"The first stable version of elementary OS was *Jupiter*, published on 31 March 2011{{cite web\\|url\\=http://blog.elementary.io/post/126786393856/how\\-old\\-is\\-elementarys\\-project\\-on\\-which\\-date\\-was\\|title\\=How old is Elementary's project?\\|last\\=Foré\\|first\\=Danielle\\|date\\=15 August 2015\\|work\\=Elementary blog\\|access\\-date\\=2 September 2015\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902140146/http://blog.elementary.io/post/126786393856/how\\-old\\-is\\-elementarys\\-project\\-on\\-which\\-date\\-was\\|archive\\-date\\=2 September 2015\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} and based on [Ubuntu 10\\.10](/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history%231010 \"Ubuntu version history#1010\").{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.muylinux.com/2012/10/19/elementary\\-os\\-jupiter\\-deja\\-de\\-estar\\-disponible/\\|title\\=Elementary OS \"Jupiter\" deja de estar disponible\\|last\\=Pastor Nóbrega\\|first\\=Javier\\|date\\=19 October 2012\\|website\\=MuyLinux\\|language\\=es\\|access\\-date\\=20 February 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=25 November 2012\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125112130/http://www.muylinux.com/2012/10/19/elementary\\-os\\-jupiter\\-deja\\-de\\-estar\\-disponible/\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.webupd8\\.org/2012/10/elementary\\-os\\-jupiter\\-no\\-longer.html\\|title\\=Elementary OS Jupiter no longer available for download, makes room for Luna\\|last\\=Andrei\\|first\\=Alin\\|date\\=12 October 2012\\|publisher\\=Web Upd8\\|access\\-date\\=20 February 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=26 January 2013\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126210516/http://www.webupd8\\.org/2012/10/elementary\\-os\\-jupiter\\-no\\-longer.html\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"### 0\\.2 Luna",
"[thumb\\|elementary OS 0\\.2 \"Luna\"](/wiki/File:Luna_elementary_OS.png \"Luna elementary OS.png\")",
"In November 2012, the first beta version of elementary OS code\\-named *Luna* was released, which uses [Ubuntu 12\\.04 LTS](/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history%231204 \"Ubuntu version history#1204\") as a base.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.webupd8\\.org/2012/11/elementary\\-os\\-luna\\-beta\\-1\\-available\\-for.html\\|title\\=Elementary OS Luna beta 1 available for download\\|last\\=Andrei\\|first\\=Alin\\|date\\=14 November 2012\\|website\\=Web Upd8\\|access\\-date\\=20 February 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=27 January 2013\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127115316/http://www.webupd8\\.org/2012/11/elementary\\-os\\-luna\\-beta\\-1\\-available\\-for.html\\|url\\-status\\=live}}\nThe second beta version of *Luna* was released on 6 May 2013, carrying more than 300 bug fixes and several changes, such as improved support for multiple localizations, multiple display support and updated applications.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page\\=news\\_item\\&px\\=MTM2NjA\\|title\\=Elementary OS Luna Beta 2 Released\\|last\\=Larabel\\|first\\=Michael\\|date\\=6 May 2013\\|publisher\\=Phoronix\\|access\\-date\\=11 August 2013\\|archive\\-date\\=6 June 2013\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606210419/http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page\\=news\\_item\\&px\\=MTM2NjA\\|url\\-status\\=live}} On 7 August 2013, a countdown clock appeared on the official website with a countdown to 10 August 2013\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.muktware.com/5828/mysterious\\-countdown\\-appears\\-elementary\\-os\\-website\\|title\\=Mysterious countdown appears on elementary OS website\\|last\\=Jacobs\\|first\\=Robin\\|date\\=9 August 2013\\|website\\=Muktware\\|access\\-date\\=11 August 2013\\|archive\\-date\\=10 August 2013\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810214318/http://www.muktware.com/5828/mysterious\\-countdown\\-appears\\-elementary\\-os\\-website\\|url\\-status\\=live}} The second stable version of elementary OS, *Luna*, was released that same day, along with a complete overhaul and redesign of the elementary OS website.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.muktware.com/5831/elementary\\-os\\-luna\\-says\\-hello\\-world\\|title\\=Elementary OS Luna says Hello World\\|last\\=Jacobs\\|first\\=Robin\\|date\\=11 August 2013\\|website\\=Muktware\\|access\\-date\\=11 August 2013\\|archive\\-date\\=12 August 2013\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812233904/http://www.muktware.com/5831/elementary\\-os\\-luna\\-says\\-hello\\-world\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"### 0\\.3 Freya",
"[thumb\\|elementary OS 0\\.3 \"Freya\"](/wiki/File:Elementary_OS_0.3.1.png \"Elementary OS 0.3.1.png\")",
"The name of the third stable version of elementary OS, Isis, was proposed in August 2013 by Danielle Foré, the project leader.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://lists.launchpad.net/elementary\\-dev\\-community/msg02577\\.html\\|title\\=Luna\\+1's Name and Some Other Stuff\\|last\\=Foré\\|first\\=Danielle\\|date\\=16 August 2013\\|work\\=elementary\\-dev\\-community mailing list\\|access\\-date\\=14 September 2013\\|archive\\-date\\=29 October 2013\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200048/https://lists.launchpad.net/elementary\\-dev\\-community/msg02577\\.html\\|url\\-status\\=live}} It was later [changed](/wiki/Name_changes_due_to_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant \"Name changes due to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant\") to Freya to avoid association with the terrorist group [ISIS](/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant \"Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant\").{{cite web\\|url\\=http://elementaryos.org/journal/elementary\\-os\\-isis\\-is\\-now\\-freya\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624034633/http://elementaryos.org/journal/elementary\\-os\\-isis\\-is\\-now\\-freya\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\|archive\\-date\\=24 June 2014\\|title\\=Elementary OS Isis is now Freya\\|last\\=James\\|first\\=Cassidy\\|date\\=22 June 2014\\|website\\=ElementaryOS.org\\|access\\-date\\=1 October 2014}} It is based on [Ubuntu 14\\.04 LTS](/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history%231404 \"Ubuntu version history#1404\"), which was released in April 2014\\. The first beta of Freya was released on 11 August 2014\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://elementaryos.org/journal/freya\\-beta\\-1\\-available\\-for\\-developers\\-testers\\|title\\=Freya Beta 1 Available for Developers \\& Testers\\|last\\=Foré\\|first\\=Danielle\\|date\\=11 August 2014\\|website\\=ElementaryOS.org\\|access\\-date\\=12 August 2014\\|archive\\-date\\=12 August 2014\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812223759/http://elementaryos.org/journal/freya\\-beta\\-1\\-available\\-for\\-developers\\-testers\\|url\\-status\\=live}} The second beta of Freya was released on 8 February 2015\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://blog.elementaryos.org/post/110481021076/freya\\-beta\\-2\\-is\\-here\\|title\\=Freya Beta 2 is here!\\|last\\=Foré\\|first\\=Danielle\\|date\\=8 February 2015\\|website\\=ElementaryOS.org\\|access\\-date\\=9 February 2015\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210020108/http://blog.elementaryos.org/post/110481021076/freya\\-beta\\-2\\-is\\-here\\|archive\\-date\\=10 February 2015\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} The final version was released on 11 April 2015, after a countdown clock appeared on the website eight days earlier.{{Cite news\\|url\\=https://linux.softpedia.com/blog/Countdown\\-on\\-elementary\\-OS\\-Website\\-Suggests\\-a\\-New\\-Freya\\-Release\\-477583\\.shtml\\|title\\=Countdown on elementary OS Website Suggests a New Freya Release\\|last\\=Nestor\\|first\\=Marius\\|work\\=softpedia\\|access\\-date\\=6 August 2018\\|language\\=en\\-us\\|archive\\-date\\=7 August 2018\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807002212/https://linux.softpedia.com/blog/Countdown\\-on\\-elementary\\-OS\\-Website\\-Suggests\\-a\\-New\\-Freya\\-Release\\-477583\\.shtml\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{Cite web\\|url\\=http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2015/04/elementary\\-os\\-freya\\-download/\\|title\\=Elementary OS Freya (Stable) Available for Download {{!}} UbuntuHandbook\\|website\\=ubuntuhandbook.org\\|language\\=en\\-US\\|access\\-date\\=6 August 2018\\|archive\\-date\\=7 August 2018\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807001803/http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2015/04/elementary\\-os\\-freya\\-download/\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"Freya was downloaded 1\\.2 million times. In line with Elementary's intent to expand the reach of open source software, 73 percent of Freya downloads were from closed source operating systems.",
"In 2015, the elementary OS developers changed the download page to default to a monetary amount before providing a direct [HTTP](/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol \"Hypertext Transfer Protocol\") download for the current stable release. Despite the fact that the user could specify any amount, or no amount at all, it sparked controversy about how such practices are typically not perceived as being in alignment with [FOSS](/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software \"Free and open-source software\") distribution philosophies.{{Cite web\\|title \\= Online Community Goes Nuts After elementary OS Devs Say People Should Pay\\|url \\= http://news.softpedia.com/news/Online\\-Community\\-Goes\\-Nuts\\-After\\-elementary\\-OS\\-Devs\\-Say\\-People\\-Should\\-Pay\\-473225\\.shtml\\|website \\= softpedia\\|date \\= 16 February 2015\\|access\\-date \\= 8 January 2016\\|archive\\-date \\= 31 January 2016\\|archive\\-url \\= https://web.archive.org/web/20160131034308/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Online\\-Community\\-Goes\\-Nuts\\-After\\-elementary\\-OS\\-Devs\\-Say\\-People\\-Should\\-Pay\\-473225\\.shtml\\|url\\-status \\= live}}{{Cite web\\|title \\= Should you pay for Elementary OS?\\|url \\= http://www.infoworld.com/article/2883114/should\\-you\\-pay\\-for\\-elementary\\-os.html\\|website \\= InfoWorld\\|access\\-date \\= 8 January 2016\\|date \\= 11 February 2015\\|archive\\-date \\= 8 January 2016\\|archive\\-url \\= https://web.archive.org/web/20160108155126/http://www.infoworld.com/article/2883114/should\\-you\\-pay\\-for\\-elementary\\-os.html\\|url\\-status \\= live}}{{Cite web\\|title \\= Payments\\|url \\= http://blog.elementary.io/post/110645528530/payments\\|website \\= blog.elementary.io\\|access\\-date \\= 8 January 2016\\|archive\\-url \\= https://web.archive.org/web/20160126040419/http://blog.elementary.io/post/110645528530/payments\\|archive\\-date \\= 26 January 2016\\|url\\-status \\= dead}} The elementary OS team has defended the action stating that \"Around 99\\.875% of those users download without paying\", and that it is needed to ensure the continued development of the distribution.",
"In a review of all Linux distributions, *Linux.com* gave elementary OS their \"best\\-looking distro\" superlative in early 2016\\. The reviewer noted its developers' design background, their influence from [Mac OS X](/wiki/MacOS \"MacOS\"), and their philosophy of prioritizing strict design rules and applications that follow these rules.{{cite web \\|url\\=https://www.linux.com/news/best\\-linux\\-distros\\-2016 \\|title\\=The Best Linux Distros of 2016 \\|website\\=Linux.com \\|publisher\\=The Linux Foundation \\|date\\=12 January 2016 \\|first\\=Swapnil \\|last\\=Bhartiya \\|access\\-date\\=15 October 2016 \\|archive\\-date\\=3 August 2020 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803235558/https://www.linux.com/news/best\\-linux\\-distros\\-2016/ \\|url\\-status\\=live }}",
"### 0\\.4 Loki",
"[thumb\\|elementary OS 0\\.4 \"Loki\"](/wiki/File:ElementaryOS_Loki.png \"ElementaryOS Loki.png\")",
"elementary OS 0\\.4, known by its codename \"Loki\", was released on 9 September 2016\\. Loki was built atop the Ubuntu \"long\\-term support\" version released earlier in the year{{efn\\|\\[\\[Ubuntu version history\\#1604\\|Ubuntu 16\\.04 LTS]], Xenial Xerus, was supported until 2021\\.}} and its updated kernel (4\\.4\\). Loki revamped the operating system's notifications and added multiple new pieces of standard software. It let users set notification display preferences. Updated notification menu bar indicators began to display information from the notification—such as the title of an email—rather than a general alert. The operating system also added a system\\-wide integration for online accounts for [Last.fm](/wiki/Last.fm \"Last.fm\") and [FastMail](/wiki/FastMail \"FastMail\"), with other services in development.",
"Loki replaced Freya's [Midori](/wiki/Midori_%28web_browser%29 \"Midori (web browser)\") web browser with [GNOME Web](/wiki/GNOME_Web \"GNOME Web\"), a [WebKit2](/wiki/WebKit2 \"WebKit2\")\\-based browser with better performance. After the [Yorba Foundation](/wiki/Yorba_Foundation \"Yorba Foundation\") which developed the [Geary](/wiki/Geary_%28software%29 \"Geary (software)\") email client was dissolved, elementary OS forked Geary as \"Mail\" and added new visual and integration features. In a new calendar feature, users could describe events in natural language, which the calendar program interprets and places into the proper time and description fields when creating events.",
"elementary OS also created its own [app store](/wiki/App_store \"App store\") that simplifies the process of installing and updating applications. Project founder Danielle Foré called the AppCenter the biggest feature in the Loki release, and noted its speed improvement over other installation methods and internal development benefits for departing from Ubuntu's upgrade tools. Loki developers received $9,000 in bounties during its development—nearly half of the project's total bounty fundraising.",
"Jack Wallen of Linux.com praised Loki as being among the most elegant and best\\-designed Linux desktops. He found the web browser and app store changes to be significant improvements, and the email client revamp \"a much\\-needed breath of fresh air\" in a stagnating field. Overall, Wallen surmised that existing users would appreciate Loki's polish and new users would find it to be a perfect introduction to the operating system. Bryan Lunduke of *[Network World](/wiki/Network_World \"Network World\")* lauded Loki's performance, usability, polish, and easy installation, but considered it a better fit for new Linux users than for those already established.",
"The elementary OS team received a large donation from an anonymous donor in early August 2018\\. The donation has allowed the development team to hire an additional full\\-time employee and expand long\\-term viability for the project.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/08/elementary\\-os\\-hires\\-cassidy\\-james\\|title\\=Mystery Donation Lets Elementary Hire Full\\-Time Staff\\|date\\=4 August 2018\\|access\\-date\\=5 August 2018\\|archive\\-date\\=5 August 2018\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805142736/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/08/elementary\\-os\\-hires\\-cassidy\\-james\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"### 5\\.0 Juno",
"[thumb\\|elementary OS 5\\.0 \"Juno\"](/wiki/File:Scrivania_di_elementary_OS_5.0_Juno.png \"Scrivania di elementary OS 5.0 Juno.png\")",
"elementary OS 5\\.0, known by its codename \"Juno\", was released on 16 October 2018\\. The update brings changes to the AppCenter pay\\-what\\-you\\-want system, as well a Night Light feature for changing the screen color at night, and adjustable window tiling as well as several other new features for the Pantheon desktop and elementary OS applications. The update also contained a new Housekeeping feature in settings, which removes trashed, as well as temporary, files after a given time interval.{{Cite news\\|url\\=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how\\-and\\-why\\-you\\-should\\-enable\\-housekeeping\\-in\\-elementary\\-os\\-juno/\\|title\\=How\\-\\-and why\\-\\-you should enable Housekeeping in elementary OS Juno\\|work\\=TechRepublic\\|access\\-date\\=23 November 2018\\|language\\=en\\|archive\\-date\\=30 July 2020\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730230036/https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how\\-and\\-why\\-you\\-should\\-enable\\-housekeeping\\-in\\-elementary\\-os\\-juno/\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"Jack Wallen, writing for [TechRepublic](/wiki/TechRepublic \"TechRepublic\"), praised the update for bringing subtle changes and improving upon Loki.{{Cite news\\|url\\=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/elementary\\-os\\-juno\\-has\\-arrived\\-and\\-it\\-is\\-spectacularly\\-subtle/\\|title\\=Elementary OS Juno has arrived, and it is spectacularly subtle\\|work\\=TechRepublic\\|access\\-date\\=23 November 2018\\|language\\=en\\|archive\\-date\\=23 November 2018\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123113537/https://www.techrepublic.com/article/elementary\\-os\\-juno\\-has\\-arrived\\-and\\-it\\-is\\-spectacularly\\-subtle/\\|url\\-status\\=live}} Jason Evangelho, writing for *Forbes*, called the update elegant, stating that \"elementary OS 5\\.0 Juno, thus far, does just work. And looks absolutely beautiful doing it.\"{{Cite news\\|url\\=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonevangelho/2018/10/16/elementary\\-os\\-5\\-0\\-juno\\-just\\-released\\-here\\-are\\-the\\-best\\-new\\-features/\\#5eb7f00e5516\\|title\\=elementary OS 5\\.0 Juno Just Released \\-\\- Here Are The Best New Features\\|last\\=Evangelho\\|first\\=Jason\\|work\\=Forbes\\|access\\-date\\=23 November 2018\\|language\\=en\\|archive\\-date\\=23 November 2018\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123070902/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonevangelho/2018/10/16/elementary\\-os\\-5\\-0\\-juno\\-just\\-released\\-here\\-are\\-the\\-best\\-new\\-features/\\#5eb7f00e5516\\|url\\-status\\=live}} In a review from LinuxInsider, the reviewer called the operating system a \"very solid Linux distro\" despite criticizing it for lacking [power\\-user](/wiki/Power_user \"Power user\") features.{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://www.linuxinsider.com/story/85733\\.html\\|title\\=Pantheon Desktop Makes Linux Elementary {{!}} Reviews {{!}} LinuxInsider\\|website\\=www.linuxinsider.com\\|date\\=12 December 2018 \\|access\\-date\\=17 December 2018\\|archive\\-date\\=17 December 2018\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217202515/https://www.linuxinsider.com/story/85733\\.html\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"As of November 2018, Juno has been downloaded over 160,000 times, with 1% of people choosing to pay (with $10 being the most common amount, followed closely by $1\\){{Cite web\\|url\\=https://medium.com/elementaryos/updates\\-for\\-november\\-8c5d44ca723\\|title\\=Updates for November\\|last\\=Foré\\|first\\=Danielle\\|date\\=30 November 2018\\|website\\=elementary\\|access\\-date\\=16 December 2018\\|archive\\-date\\=30 July 2020\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730233021/https://medium.com/elementaryos/updates\\-for\\-november\\-8c5d44ca723\\|url\\-status\\=live}}",
"As part of an October 2019 update, elementary OS started supporting [Flatpak](/wiki/Flatpak \"Flatpak\") out of the box,{{cite web\\|title\\=elementary OS Now Has Support for Flatpak Apps\\|date\\=3 November 2019\\|url\\=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/11/elementary\\-os\\-flatpak\\-support\\|access\\-date\\=21 May 2020\\|archive\\-date\\=30 July 2020\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730231217/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/11/elementary\\-os\\-flatpak\\-support\\|url\\-status\\=live}} thereby making it easier to install any of the wide array of Flatpak apps that are available.",
"### 5\\.1 Hera",
"[thumb\\|elementary OS 5\\.1 \"Hera\"](/wiki/File:Elementary_OS_5.1_Hera.png \"Elementary OS 5.1 Hera.png\")",
"Development of elementary OS 5\\.1 “Hera” began after the release of elementary OS 5\\.0 “Juno” and focused on refining the user experience, improving performance, and introducing new features.",
"The development team started by addressing various bugs and stability issues present in the previous version. They put great emphasis on enhancing system performance and optimizing resource usage to ensure a smoother overall experience. One of the key goals of “Hera” was to make elementary OS even more responsive and efficient.",
"In terms of visual improvements, the team refined the existing desktop environment, Pantheon, and its accompanying applications. The design language was further polished, resulting in a more polished and consistent look throughout the system. Several system icons and styles were updated, giving “Hera” a more refined appearance.",
"The Files (formerly known as Nautilus) file manager received attention during development, with improvements in performance and a cleaner interface. Additionally, the team introduced a revamped Applications menu, making it easier to navigate and find installed software.",
"### 6\\.0 Odin",
"[thumb\\|elementary OS 6\\.0 \"Odin\"elementary](/wiki/File:Elementary_odin.png \"Elementary odin.png\") OS 6\\.0,{{Cite web \\|title\\=elementary OS 6 Updates for October, 2021 \\|url\\=https://blog.elementary.io/elementary\\-os\\-6\\-odin\\-updates\\-october\\-2021/ \\|access\\-date\\=2022\\-03\\-12 \\|website\\=blog.elementary.io \\|date\\=30 October 2021 \\|language\\=en\\-us}} released on 10 August 2021 under the codename \"Odin\",{{Cite web \\|last\\=Sneddon \\|first\\=Joey \\|date\\=2021\\-08\\-10 \\|title\\=elementary OS 6 Released, This is What's New \\|url\\=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2021/08/elementary\\-os\\-6\\-odin\\-release \\|access\\-date\\=2022\\-08\\-05 \\|website\\=OMG! Ubuntu! \\|language\\=en\\-GB}} builds upon 5\\.1 Hera by including new features like a dark style and the ability to change the accent color, Improved notification handling and a new Notification Center, Online accounts for things like IMAP and CalDAV for email and calendar respectively, Multi\\-touch Gestures for app switching and multiple desktops, an all new installer, a firmware updates app and more.{{Cite web \\|last\\=Das \\|first\\=Ankush \\|date\\=2021\\-08\\-10 \\|title\\=Top 11 New Features in elementary OS 6 Linux Release \\|url\\=https://news.itsfoss.com/elementary\\-os\\-6\\-features/ \\|access\\-date\\=2022\\-03\\-12 \\|website\\=It's FOSS News \\|language\\=en\\-US}}\n### 6\\.1 Jólnir",
"[thumb\\|elementary OS 6\\.1 \"Jólnir\"](/wiki/File:Elementary_OS_6.1.png \"Elementary OS 6.1.png\")",
"elementary 6\\.1, code name \"Jólnir\", was released on 20 December 2021\\.",
"#### Change of ownership",
"When 6\\.0 and 6\\.1 were released, the pay model wasn't bringing in enough revenue. After legal challenges between the two co\\-founders, Cassidy James Blaede decided to sell 100% of their shares to Danielle Foré.{{Cite web \\|last\\=Arindam \\|date\\=2022\\-04\\-03 \\|title\\=Is this the End of road for elementary OS? \\[Opinion and Analysis] \\|url\\=https://www.debugpoint.com/end\\-of\\-elementary\\-os/ \\|access\\-date\\=2022\\-08\\-05 \\|website\\=DebugPoint.com \\|language\\=en\\-US}}{{Cite web \\|last\\=Hall \\|first\\=Christine \\|date\\=2022\\-04\\-06 \\|title\\=Elementary OS Faces Uncertain Future After Co\\-Founder Split \\|url\\=https://fossforce.com/2022/04/elementary\\-os\\-faces\\-uncertain\\-future\\-after\\-co\\-founder\\-split/ \\|access\\-date\\=2022\\-08\\-05 \\|website\\=FOSS Force \\|language\\=en\\-US}} The CFO, Liz Kecso, also left the company while these issues were happening.",
"### 7\\.0 Horus",
"elementary OS 7\\.0 \"Horus\" was released on 31 January 2023\\.{{Cite web \\|title\\=elementary OS 7 Available Now \\|url\\=https://blog.elementary.io/os\\-7\\-available\\-now/ \\|access\\-date\\=2023\\-01\\-31 \\|website\\=blog.elementary.io \\|date\\=31 January 2023 \\|language\\=en\\-us}} The update focuses on the AppCenter, new features and settings, and the developer platform. This version is based on [Ubuntu 22\\.04 LTS](/wiki/Ubuntu_22.04 \"Ubuntu 22.04\").",
"",
"### Summary table",
"",
"| Version | Codename | Release date | Base |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| {{Version\\|o\\|0\\.1}}[elementary OS 0\\.1 Jupiter \\- Unremarkable](http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/elementary.html) {{Webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805074400/http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/elementary.html \\|date\\=5 August 2020 }}, **Dedoimedo**{{Cite web \\|url\\=https://lwn.net/Articles/438184/ \\|title\\=First Look at Elementary OS \\[LWN.net] \\|access\\-date\\=23 June 2018 \\|archive\\-date\\=30 July 2020 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730232422/https://lwn.net/Articles/438184/ \\|url\\-status\\=live }}{{Cite web \\|url\\=http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/03/elementary\\-os\\-jupiter\\-released\\-reviewed/ \\|title\\=Elementary OS 'Jupiter' released, reviewed \\- OMG! Ubuntu! \\|date\\=31 March 2011 \\|access\\-date\\=23 June 2018 \\|archive\\-date\\=26 March 2020 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326190257/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/03/elementary\\-os\\-jupiter\\-released\\-reviewed \\|url\\-status\\=live }} | Jupiter | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=dmy\\|2011\\|03\\|31}} | Ubuntu 10\\.10 (maverick) |\n| {{Version\\|o\\|0\\.2}}{{Cite web \\|url\\=https://lwn.net/Articles/564136/ \\|title\\=Elementary OS releases \"Luna\" \\[LWN.net] \\|access\\-date\\=23 June 2018 \\|archive\\-date\\=30 July 2020 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730231241/https://lwn.net/Articles/564136/ \\|url\\-status\\=live }}{{Cite web \\|url\\=http://linuxbsdos.com/2013/08/16/elementary\\-os\\-0\\-2\\-luna\\-review/ \\|title\\=Elementary OS 0\\.2 \"Luna\" review {{!}} LinuxBSDos.com \\|date\\=17 August 2013 \\|access\\-date\\=23 June 2018 \\|archive\\-date\\=5 August 2020 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805170116/https://linuxbsdos.com/2013/08/16/elementary\\-os\\-0\\-2\\-luna\\-review/ \\|url\\-status\\=live }} | Luna | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=dmy\\|2013\\|08\\|10}} | Ubuntu 12\\.04 LTS (precise) |\n| {{Version\\|o\\|0\\.3}}{{Cite web \\|url\\=https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue\\=20160425\\#elementary \\|title\\=DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 658, 25 April 2016 \\|access\\-date\\=23 June 2018 \\|archive\\-date\\=30 July 2019 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730120616/https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue\\=20160425\\#elementary \\|url\\-status\\=live }}{{Cite web \\|url\\=https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/830472\\-elementary\\-os\\-freya\\-is\\-this\\-the\\-next\\-big\\-linux\\-distro \\|title\\=Elementary OS Freya: Is This The Next Big Linux Distro? {{!}} Linux.com {{!}} The source of Linux information \\|access\\-date\\=23 June 2018 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318155750/https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/830472\\-elementary\\-os\\-freya\\-is\\-this\\-the\\-next\\-big\\-linux\\-distro \\|archive\\-date\\=18 March 2016 \\|url\\-status\\=dead }} | Freya | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=dmy\\|2015\\|04\\|11}} | Ubuntu 14\\.04 LTS (trusty) |\n| {{Version\\|o\\|0\\.3\\.1}} | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=dmy\\|2015\\|09\\|03}} |\n| {{Version\\|o\\|0\\.3\\.2}} | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=dmy\\|2015\\|12\\|09}} |\n| {{Version\\|o\\|0\\.4}}{{Cite web \\|url\\=https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue\\=20161031\\#elementary \\|title\\=DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 685, 31 October 2016 \\|access\\-date\\=23 June 2018 \\|archive\\-date\\=31 July 2020 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731010015/https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue\\=20161031\\#elementary \\|url\\-status\\=live }}{{Cite web \\|url\\=http://dailylinuxuser.com/2017/01/an\\-everyday\\-linux\\-user\\-review\\-of\\-2\\.html \\|title\\=An Everyday Linux User Review Of Elementary OS Loki 0\\.4 \\|access\\-date\\=23 June 2018 \\|archive\\-date\\=1 November 2018 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101090504/http://dailylinuxuser.com/2017/01/an\\-everyday\\-linux\\-user\\-review\\-of\\-2\\.html \\|url\\-status\\=live }}[Elementary OS 0\\.4 Loki \\- Ragnarok](https://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/elementary-0-4-loki.html) {{Webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731023151/https://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/elementary\\-0\\-4\\-loki.html \\|date\\=31 July 2020 }}, **Dedoimedo** | Loki | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=dmy\\|2016\\|09\\|09}} | Ubuntu 16\\.04 LTS (xenial) |\n| {{Version\\|o\\|0\\.4\\.1}}[Tried Elementary OS 0\\.4\\.1 Loki again \\- Negatory](https://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/elementary-0-4-loki-again.html) {{Webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731000339/https://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/elementary\\-0\\-4\\-loki\\-again.html \\|date\\=31 July 2020 }}, **Dedoimedo** | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=dmy\\|2017\\|05\\|17}} | Ubuntu 16\\.04\\.2 LTS (xenial){{cite web \\| title \\= Loki 0\\.4\\.1 Stable Release! \\| url \\= https://medium.com/elementaryos/new\\-release\\-elementary\\-os\\-loki\\-0\\-4\\-1\\-2a756549ee76 \\| website \\= medium.com \\| date \\= 17 May 2017 \\| access\\-date \\= 17 May 2017 \\| archive\\-date \\= 11 October 2017 \\| archive\\-url \\= https://web.archive.org/web/20171011080827/https://medium.com/elementaryos/new\\-release\\-elementary\\-os\\-loki\\-0\\-4\\-1\\-2a756549ee76 \\| url\\-status \\= live }} |\n| {{Version\\|o\\|5\\.0}}{{cite web \\| title\\=Let's talk about elementary OS 5\\.0 Juno \\| url\\=https://medium.com/elementaryos/lets\\-talk\\-about\\-elementary\\-os\\-5\\-0\\-juno\\-a3a65b97ee7e \\| website\\=medium.com \\| access\\-date\\=21 March 2018 \\| date\\=12 February 2018 \\| archive\\-date\\=30 July 2020 \\| archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730235642/https://medium.com/elementaryos/lets\\-talk\\-about\\-elementary\\-os\\-5\\-0\\-juno\\-a3a65b97ee7e \\| url\\-status\\=live }}{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://itsfoss.com/elementary\\-os\\-juno\\-features/\\|title\\=elementary OS 5\\.0 Juno released! Check Out the New Features\\|date\\=3 February 2018\\|website\\=itsfoss\\|language\\=en\\-US\\|access\\-date\\=11 May 2019\\|archive\\-date\\=6 April 2019\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406110638/https://itsfoss.com/elementary\\-os\\-juno\\-features/\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/02/elementary\\-os\\-juno\\-5\\-0\\|title\\=Elementary OS Juno will be version 5\\.0, not 0\\.5\\|date\\=5 February 2018\\|website\\=OMG! Ubuntu!\\|language\\=en\\-US\\|access\\-date\\=11 May 2019\\|archive\\-date\\=18 October 2019\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018212009/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/02/elementary\\-os\\-juno\\-5\\-0\\|url\\-status\\=live}} | Juno | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=dmy\\|2018\\|10\\|16}}{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://medium.com/elementaryos/elementary\\-os\\-5\\-juno\\-is\\-here\\-471dfdedc7b3\\|title\\=elementary OS 5 Juno is Here\\|last\\=Blaede\\|first\\=Cassidy James\\|date\\=16 October 2018\\|website\\=Medium\\|access\\-date\\=11 May 2019\\|archive\\-date\\=7 November 2018\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107174241/https://medium.com/elementaryos/elementary\\-os\\-5\\-juno\\-is\\-here\\-471dfdedc7b3\\|url\\-status\\=live}} | Ubuntu 18\\.04 LTS (bionic){{Cite web \\|url\\=https://medium.com/elementaryos/developer\\-preview\\-juno\\-beta\\-2\\-is\\-out\\-418f5037e9bb \\|title\\=Developer Preview: Juno Beta 2 Is Out; Elementary OS – Medium \\|access\\-date\\=24 September 2018 \\|archive\\-date\\=31 July 2020 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731004552/https://medium.com/elementaryos/developer\\-preview\\-juno\\-beta\\-2\\-is\\-out\\-418f5037e9bb \\|url\\-status\\=live }} |\n| {{Version\\|o\\|5\\.1}} | Hera | {{Date table sorting\\|format\\=dmy\\|2019\\|12\\|03}}{{cite web \\| title\\=Introducing elementary OS 5\\.1 Hera \\| url\\=https://blog.elementary.io/introducing\\-elementary\\-os\\-5\\-1\\-hera/ \\| website\\=elementary.io \\| date\\=3 December 2019 \\| access\\-date\\=5 December 2019 \\| archive\\-date\\=14 August 2020 \\| archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814171017/https://blog.elementary.io/introducing\\-elementary\\-os\\-5\\-1\\-hera/ \\| url\\-status\\=live }} | Ubuntu 18\\.04 LTS (bionic) |\n| {{Version\\|co\\|6\\.0}} | Odin{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://github.com/elementary/wallpapers/pull/94/files\\|title\\=Update release.yml by danrabbit · Pull Request \\#94 · elementary/Wallpapers\\|website\\=\\[\\[GitHub]]\\|access\\-date\\=10 April 2020\\|archive\\-date\\=19 October 2021\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019114358/https://github.com/elementary/wallpapers/pull/94/files\\|url\\-status\\=live}}{{Cite web\\|title\\=Why Elementary OS 6 Odin Can Be The Next Big Distribution Of Linux? \\[Early Impressions]\\|url\\=https://ittwist.com/blog/elementary\\-os\\-6\\-next\\-big\\-distribution\\-of\\-linux/\\|access\\-date\\=2021\\-07\\-11\\|website\\=Ittwist\\|date\\=11 July 2021\\|language\\=en\\|archive\\-date\\=11 July 2021\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711184222/https://ittwist.com/blog/elementary\\-os\\-6\\-next\\-big\\-distribution\\-of\\-linux/\\|url\\-status\\=live}} | 10 August 2021 | Ubuntu 20\\.04 LTS (focal){{Cite web\\|url\\=https://fossbytes.com/elementary\\-os\\-6\\-release\\-ubuntu\\-20\\-04\\-lts\\-base/\\|title\\=Elementary OS 6 Will Release with Ubuntu 20\\.04 LTS Base\\|last\\=Kumar\\|first\\=Sarvottam\\|date\\=17 January 2020\\|website\\=Fossbytes\\|language\\=en\\-US\\|access\\-date\\=27 March 2020\\|archive\\-date\\=21 December 2021\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221112947/https://blog.elementary.io/elementary\\-os\\-6\\-1\\-available\\-now/\\|url\\-status\\=live}} |\n| {{Version\\|co\\|6\\.1}} | Jólnir{{Cite web\\|url\\=https://blog.elementary.io/elementary\\-os\\-6\\-1\\-available\\-now/\\|title\\=elementary OS 6\\.1 Available Now\\|access\\-date\\=22 December 2021}} | 20 December 2021 | Ubuntu 20\\.04 LTS (focal){{Cite web\\|url\\=https://blog.elementary.io/elementary\\-os\\-6\\-1\\-available\\-now/\\|title\\=elementary OS 6\\.1 Available Now\\|date\\=22 December 2021\\|archive\\-date\\=21 December 2021\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221112947/https://blog.elementary.io/elementary\\-os\\-6\\-1\\-available\\-now/\\|url\\-status\\=live}} |\n| {{Version\\|co\\|7\\.0}} | Horus | 31 January 2023 | Ubuntu 22\\.04 LTS (jammy) |\n| {{Version\\|c\\|7\\.1}} | Horus | 03 October 2023 | Ubuntu 22\\.04 LTS (jammy) |\n| 8\\.0 | Polus | TBA | TBA |",
"",
"{{Version\\|l\\|show\\=111101}}",
""
] |
Biography
---------
A native of [Xintai](/wiki/Xintai "Xintai"), [Shandong](/wiki/Shandong "Shandong"), Wang joined the Fourth Detachment of the Shandong People's Anti\-Japanese Guerrillas of the [Eighth Route Army](/wiki/Eighth_Route_Army "Eighth Route Army") in early 1938, during the [Second Sino\-Japanese War](/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War "Second Sino-Japanese War"), and the [Chinese Communist Party](/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party "Chinese Communist Party") in April of the same year. In August 1942, he served as the head of the "enemy work area" (responsible for sabotage and assassinations behind the Japanese lines) of the [Luzhong Military Region](/wiki/Luzhong_Military_Region "Luzhong Military Region"). In June 1945, he served as the director of the Political Department of the Independent Brigade of the Shandong Military Region.
During the [Chinese Civil War](/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War "Chinese Civil War"), he was director of the Security Department of the Central Shandong Military Region. After March 1947, he successively served as head of the Organization Department and of the Security Department of the Eighth Column of the [Third Field Army](/wiki/Third_Field_Army "Third Field Army"), and director of the Security Department of the Seventh Corps of the Third Field Army.
After the founding of the [People's Republic of China](/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China "People's Republic of China"), he successively served as the deputy director of the Public Security Department of the [Hangzhou](/wiki/Hangzhou "Hangzhou") Military Control Commission, director of the Hangzhou [Public Security Bureau](/wiki/Public_Security_Bureau_%28China%29 "Public Security Bureau (China)"), and deputy director of the [Zhejiang](/wiki/Zhejiang "Zhejiang") Provincial Public Security Department. In November 1952, he served as director of the Zhejiang Provincial Public Security Department.
In September 1964, he became Deputy Governor of Zhejiang Province.
During the [Cultural Revolution](/wiki/Cultural_Revolution "Cultural Revolution") he was removed from all positions, arrested and labeled as a "[capitalist roader](/wiki/Capitalist_roader "Capitalist roader")", but after the fall of the [Gang of Four](/wiki/Gang_of_Four "Gang of Four") he was one of the special prosecutors in the trial that convicted them.{{cite web \| url\=http://news.66wz.com/system/2009/11/05/101496422\.shtml \| title\=原国务委员王芳昨逝世 生前曾代理温州地委书记,王芳 国务委员 \- 要闻 \- 温州网 }}
After resuming work in 1977, he successively served as secretary of the [Ningbo](/wiki/Ningbo "Ningbo") Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, director of the Ningbo Regional [Revolutionary Committee](/wiki/Revolutionary_Committee_%28China%29 "Revolutionary Committee (China)"), first secretary of the Ningbo Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, secretary of the Political and Legal Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, and Secretary\-General of the Standing Committee of the Provincial [CPPCC](/wiki/CPPCC "CPPCC").
From March 1983 to April 1987 he was [Communist Party](/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party "Chinese Communist Party") Secretary of Zhejiang Province, and then served as Minister of Public Security from April 1987 to November 1990\.
He played an active role in crushing the [1989 Tiananmen Square Protests](/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_Protests "1989 Tiananmen Square Protests"), and, together with the Minister of State Security, [Jia Chunwang](/wiki/Jia_Chunwang "Jia Chunwang"), worked to dismantle and liquidate the foundations that [George Soros](/wiki/George_Soros "George Soros") had established in China.[FUND'S REPRESENTATIVES ARRESTED IN CHINA, Marianne Yen, August 8, 1989](https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/08/08/funds-representatives-arrested-in-china/24e8b72c-d6fe-4753-a007-51d181239cb6/), *The Washington Post*
Wang Fang was a full member of the [12th CPC Central Committee](/wiki/12th_CPC_Central_Committee "12th CPC Central Committee") from 1982 to 1987, and then a member of the [Central Advisory Commission](/wiki/Central_Advisory_Commission "Central Advisory Commission") from 1987 to 1992\.
|
[
"Biography\n---------",
"A native of [Xintai](/wiki/Xintai \"Xintai\"), [Shandong](/wiki/Shandong \"Shandong\"), Wang joined the Fourth Detachment of the Shandong People's Anti\\-Japanese Guerrillas of the [Eighth Route Army](/wiki/Eighth_Route_Army \"Eighth Route Army\") in early 1938, during the [Second Sino\\-Japanese War](/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War \"Second Sino-Japanese War\"), and the [Chinese Communist Party](/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party \"Chinese Communist Party\") in April of the same year. In August 1942, he served as the head of the \"enemy work area\" (responsible for sabotage and assassinations behind the Japanese lines) of the [Luzhong Military Region](/wiki/Luzhong_Military_Region \"Luzhong Military Region\"). In June 1945, he served as the director of the Political Department of the Independent Brigade of the Shandong Military Region.",
"During the [Chinese Civil War](/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War \"Chinese Civil War\"), he was director of the Security Department of the Central Shandong Military Region. After March 1947, he successively served as head of the Organization Department and of the Security Department of the Eighth Column of the [Third Field Army](/wiki/Third_Field_Army \"Third Field Army\"), and director of the Security Department of the Seventh Corps of the Third Field Army.",
"After the founding of the [People's Republic of China](/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China \"People's Republic of China\"), he successively served as the deputy director of the Public Security Department of the [Hangzhou](/wiki/Hangzhou \"Hangzhou\") Military Control Commission, director of the Hangzhou [Public Security Bureau](/wiki/Public_Security_Bureau_%28China%29 \"Public Security Bureau (China)\"), and deputy director of the [Zhejiang](/wiki/Zhejiang \"Zhejiang\") Provincial Public Security Department. In November 1952, he served as director of the Zhejiang Provincial Public Security Department.",
"In September 1964, he became Deputy Governor of Zhejiang Province.",
"During the [Cultural Revolution](/wiki/Cultural_Revolution \"Cultural Revolution\") he was removed from all positions, arrested and labeled as a \"[capitalist roader](/wiki/Capitalist_roader \"Capitalist roader\")\", but after the fall of the [Gang of Four](/wiki/Gang_of_Four \"Gang of Four\") he was one of the special prosecutors in the trial that convicted them.{{cite web \\| url\\=http://news.66wz.com/system/2009/11/05/101496422\\.shtml \\| title\\=原国务委员王芳昨逝世 生前曾代理温州地委书记,王芳 国务委员 \\- 要闻 \\- 温州网 }}",
"After resuming work in 1977, he successively served as secretary of the [Ningbo](/wiki/Ningbo \"Ningbo\") Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, director of the Ningbo Regional [Revolutionary Committee](/wiki/Revolutionary_Committee_%28China%29 \"Revolutionary Committee (China)\"), first secretary of the Ningbo Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, secretary of the Political and Legal Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, and Secretary\\-General of the Standing Committee of the Provincial [CPPCC](/wiki/CPPCC \"CPPCC\").",
"From March 1983 to April 1987 he was [Communist Party](/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party \"Chinese Communist Party\") Secretary of Zhejiang Province, and then served as Minister of Public Security from April 1987 to November 1990\\.",
"He played an active role in crushing the [1989 Tiananmen Square Protests](/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_Protests \"1989 Tiananmen Square Protests\"), and, together with the Minister of State Security, [Jia Chunwang](/wiki/Jia_Chunwang \"Jia Chunwang\"), worked to dismantle and liquidate the foundations that [George Soros](/wiki/George_Soros \"George Soros\") had established in China.[FUND'S REPRESENTATIVES ARRESTED IN CHINA, Marianne Yen, August 8, 1989](https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/08/08/funds-representatives-arrested-in-china/24e8b72c-d6fe-4753-a007-51d181239cb6/), *The Washington Post*",
"Wang Fang was a full member of the [12th CPC Central Committee](/wiki/12th_CPC_Central_Committee \"12th CPC Central Committee\") from 1982 to 1987, and then a member of the [Central Advisory Commission](/wiki/Central_Advisory_Commission \"Central Advisory Commission\") from 1987 to 1992\\.",
""
] |
Parks owned or operated by government
-------------------------------------
### National parks
[thumb\|Northeast Greenland National Park, the world's largest national park](/wiki/File:Zackenberg.4.jpg "Zackenberg.4.jpg")
{{Main\|National park}}
A national park is a reserve of land, usually, but not always declared and owned by a national [government](/wiki/Government "Government"), protected from most human development and pollution. Although this may be so, it is not likely that the government of a specific area owns it, rather the community itself. National parks are a [protected area](/wiki/Protected_area "Protected area") of [International Union for Conservation of Nature](/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature "International Union for Conservation of Nature") [Category II](/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories "IUCN protected area categories"). This implies that they are wilderness areas, but unlike pure nature reserves, they are established with the expectation of a certain degree of human visitation and supporting infrastructure.
While this type of national park had been proposed previously, the United States established the first "public park or pleasuring\-ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people", [Yellowstone National Park](/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park "Yellowstone National Park"), in 1872,{{cite web\|url\=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi\-bin/ampage?collId\=amrvl\&fileName\=vl002//amrvlvl002\.db\&recNum\=1\&itemLink\=r?ammem/consrvbib:@field(NUMBER\+@band(amrvl\+vl002\))\&linkText\=0\|title\=Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850–1920\|work\=\[\[Library of Congress]]}} although Yellowstone was not gazetted as a national park. The first officially designated national park was [Mackinac Island](/wiki/Mackinac_National_Park "Mackinac National Park"), gazetted in 1875\. [Australia](/wiki/Australia "Australia")'s [Royal National Park](/wiki/Royal_National_Park "Royal National Park"), established in 1879, was the world's second officially established national park.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi\-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode\=place\_detail;place\_id\=105893\|title\=National parks\|access\-date\=November 2, 2014\|date\=July 31, 2007\|work\=Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts\|publisher\=\[\[Australian Government]]}}
The largest national park in the world is the [Northeast Greenland National Park](/wiki/Northeast_Greenland_National_Park "Northeast Greenland National Park"), which was established in 1974 and currently protects {{convert\|972001\|km2\|mi2\|\-3\|abbr\=on}}.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.stat.gl/LinkClick.aspx?link\=Intranet%2fGIF\_2009\_WEB.pdf\&tabid\=57∣\=473\&language\=en\-US \|title\=Greenland in Figures 2009 \|date\=June 2009 \|edition\=6th revised \|work\=\[\[Statistics Greenland]] \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428161458/http://www.stat.gl/LinkClick.aspx?link\=Intranet%2fGIF\_2009\_WEB.pdf\&tabid\=57∣\=473\&language\=en\-US \|archive\-date\=April 28, 2010 }}{{cite web \|url\=http://www.greenland.com/en/about\-greenland/natur\-klima/nationalparken.aspx \| title\=The National Park \| website\=Greenland.com \| archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405142506/http://www.greenland.com/en/about\-greenland/natur\-klima/nationalparken.aspx \|archive\-date\=April 5, 2013 }}
### Sub\-national parks
{{Main\|State park\|Provincial park}}
In some [Federal systems](/wiki/Federation "Federation"), many parks are managed by the sub\-national levels of government. In [Brazil](/wiki/Brazil "Brazil"), the [United States](/wiki/United_States "United States"), and some states in [Mexico](/wiki/Mexico "Mexico"), as well as in [the Australian state of Victoria](/wiki/Victoria_%28Australia%29 "Victoria (Australia)"), these are known as state parks, whereas in [Argentina](/wiki/Argentina "Argentina"), [Canada](/wiki/Canada "Canada") and [South Korea](/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"), they are known as provincial or territorial parks. In the United States, it is also common for individual [counties](/wiki/County_%28United_States%29 "County (United States)") to run parks, these are known as **county parks**.
### Urban parks
[thumb\|upright\=1\.1\|[Yoyogi Park](/wiki/Yoyogi_Park "Yoyogi Park") is a large urban park in [Tokyo](/wiki/Tokyo "Tokyo").](/wiki/File:Yoyogi_Park_from_Hyatt.jpg "Yoyogi Park from Hyatt.jpg")
{{Main\|Urban park}}
A park is an area of open space provided for recreational use, usually owned and maintained by a local government. Parks commonly resemble [savannas](/wiki/Savanna "Savanna") or open [woodlands](/wiki/Woodland "Woodland"), the types of [landscape](/wiki/Landscape "Landscape") that human beings find most relaxing. [Grass](/wiki/Grass "Grass") is typically kept short to discourage [insect](/wiki/Insect "Insect") pests and to allow for the enjoyment of [picnics](/wiki/Picnic "Picnic") and sporting activities. Trees are chosen for their beauty and to provide [shade](/wiki/Shade_%28shadow%29 "Shade (shadow)").
Some early parks include the [la Alameda de Hércules](/wiki/La_Alameda%2C_Seville "La Alameda, Seville"), in [Seville](/wiki/Seville "Seville"), a promenaded public mall, urban garden and park built in 1574, within the historic center of Seville; the [City Park](/wiki/City_Park_%28Budapest%29 "City Park (Budapest)"), in Budapest, Hungary, which was property of the Batthyány family and was later made public.
An early purpose built public park was [Derby Arboretum](/wiki/Derby_Arboretum "Derby Arboretum") which was opened in 1840 by Joseph Strutt for the mill workers and people of the city. This was closely followed by [Princes Park](/wiki/Princes_Park%2C_Liverpool "Princes Park, Liverpool") in the [Liverpool](/wiki/Liverpool "Liverpool") suburb of [Toxteth](/wiki/Toxteth "Toxteth"), laid out to the designs of [Joseph Paxton](/wiki/Joseph_Paxton "Joseph Paxton") from 1842 and opened in 1843\. The land on which the Princes park was built was purchased by Richard Vaughan Yates, an iron merchant and philanthropist, in 1841 for £50,000\. The creation of Princes Park showed great foresight and introduced a number of highly influential ideas. First and foremost was the provision of open space for the benefit of townspeople and local residents within an area that was being rapidly built up. Secondly it took the concept of the designed landscape as a setting for the suburban domicile, an idea pioneered by [John Nash](/wiki/John_Nash_%28architect%29 "John Nash (architect)") at [Regent's Park](/wiki/Regent%27s_Park "Regent's Park"), and re\-fashioned it for the provincial town in a most original way. Nash's remodeling of St James's Park from 1827 and the sequence of processional routes he created to link The Mall with Regent's Park completely transformed the appearance of London's West End. With the establishment of Princes Park in 1842, Joseph Paxton did something similar for the benefit of a provincial town, albeit one of international stature by virtue of its flourishing mercantile contingent. Liverpool had a burgeoning presence on the scene of global maritime trade before 1800 and during the Victorian era its wealth rivaled that of London itself.
The form and layout of Paxton's ornamental grounds, structured about an informal lake within the confines of a serpentine carriageway, put in place the essential elements of his much imitated design for [Birkenhead Park](/wiki/Birkenhead_Park "Birkenhead Park"). The latter was commenced in 1843 with the help of public finance and deployed the ideas he pioneered at Princes Park on a more expansive scale. [Frederick Law Olmsted](/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted "Frederick Law Olmsted") visited Birkenhead Park in 1850 and praised its qualities. Indeed, Paxton is widely credited as having been one of the principal influences on Olmsted and Calvert's design for New York's Central Park of 1857\.
There are around an estimated 27,000 public parks in the [United Kingdom](/wiki/United_Kingdom "United Kingdom"), with around 2\.6 billion visits to parks each year. Many are of cultural and historical interest, with 300 registered by [Historic England](/wiki/Historic_England "Historic England") as of national importance. Most public parks have been provided and run by local authorities over the past hundred and seventy years, but these authorities have no statutory duty to fund or maintain these public parks.{{Cite web\|last\=Layton\-Jones\|first\=K\|date\=2016\|title\=History of Public Park Funding and Management (1820 – 2010\) Historic England Research Report 20/2016\|url\=https://research.historicengland.org.uk/Report.aspx?i\=15442\&ru\=/Results.aspx?p\=1\&n\=10\&tsk\=History%2520of%2520Public%2520Park%2520Funding%2520and%2520Management%2520(1820%2520%25e2%2580%2593%25202010\)\&ns\=1\|access\-date\=June 28, 2020\|website\=research.historicengland.org.uk}} In 2016 the [Heritage Lottery Fund](/wiki/National_Lottery_Heritage_Fund "National Lottery Heritage Fund")'s *State of UK Public Parks* reported that "92 per cent of park managers report their maintenance budgets have reduced in the past three years and 95 per cent expect their funding will continue to reduce".{{Cite web\|title\=State of UK Public Parks 2016 {{!}} The National Lottery Heritage Fund\|url\=https://www.heritagefund.org.uk/publications/state\-uk\-public\-parks\-2016\|access\-date\=June 28, 2020\|website\=www.heritagefund.org.uk\|date\=November 29, 2016 }}
[thumb\|[Central Park](/wiki/Central_Park "Central Park") in [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") is the most\-visited urban park in the U.S.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.centralparknyc.org/about/about\-cpc \|title\=About the Central Park Conservancy\|website\= Central Park Conservancy\|access\-date\=July 15, 2010}}](/wiki/File:NYC_-_Manhattan_-_Central-Park.jpg "NYC - Manhattan - Central-Park.jpg")
Another early public park is the [Peel Park, Salford](/wiki/Peel_Park%2C_Salford "Peel Park, Salford"), England opened on August 22, 1846\.{{cite web \|url\=http://www.salford.gov.uk/leisure/parks/publicparks/parks\-bb.htm \|title\=Parks in Broughton and Blackfriars \|date\=August 6, 2007 \|work\=\[\[Salford City Council]] \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221180427/http://www.salford.gov.uk/leisure/parks/publicparks/parks\-bb.htm \|archive\-date\=February 21, 2009 }}{{cite web\|url\=https://www.manchester2002\-uk.com/day\-trips/parks\-gardens/ \|title\=Public Parks \& Gardens in Manchester \|website\=Manchester UK \|access\-date\=September 6, 2008 \|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922182525/http://www.manchester2002\-uk.com/daytrips/parks\-gardens.html \|archive\-date\=September 22, 2007 \|url\-status\=usurped}}[University of Salford: Peel Park](http://www.buhu.salford.ac.uk/virtualtours/index.php) {{Webarchive\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219203655/http://www.buhu.salford.ac.uk/virtualtours/index.php \|date\=December 19, 2008 }} Retrieved on September 7, 2008 Another possible claimant for status as the world's first public park is [Boston Common](/wiki/Boston_Common "Boston Common") (Boston, Massachusetts, US), set aside in 1634, whose first recreational promenade, Tremont Mall, dates from 1728\. True park status for the entire common seems to have emerged no later than 1830, when the grazing of cows was ended and renaming the Common as Washington Park was proposed (renaming the bordering Sentry Street to Park Street in 1808 already acknowledged the reality).
### Linear parks
A [linear park](/wiki/Linear_park "Linear park") is a park that has a much greater length than width. A typical example of a linear park is a section of a former railway that has been converted into a park called a [rail trail](/wiki/Rail_trail "Rail trail") or [greenway](/wiki/Greenway_%28landscape%29 "Greenway (landscape)") (i.e. the tracks removed, vegetation allowed to grow back). Parks are sometimes made out of oddly shaped areas of land, much like the vacant lots that often become city neighborhood parks. Linked parks may form a [greenbelt](/wiki/Greenbelt "Greenbelt").
### Country parks
{{Main\|Country park}}
In some countries, especially the United Kingdom, *country parks* are areas designated for recreation, and managed by [local authorities](/wiki/Local_authority "Local authority"). They are often located near urban populations, but they provide recreational facilities typical of the countryside rather than the town.
### Military parks
[thumb\|[Baku Military Trophy Park](/wiki/Military_Trophy_Park_%28Baku%29 "Military Trophy Park (Baku)") in [Azerbaijan](/wiki/Azerbaijan "Azerbaijan"), which sparked uproar due to display of helmets of Armenian troops and wax mannequins of Armenian soldiers of [2020 Nagorno\-Karabakh war](/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_war "2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war").{{cite web\|title\=Is Azerbaijan's Ilham Aliyev the new Saddam Hussein?\|url\=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/azerbaijan%E2%80%99s\-ilham\-aliyev\-new\-saddam\-hussein\-182853\|work\=\[\[The National Interest]]\|date\=April 16, 2021\|access\-date\=April 17, 2021}}](/wiki/File:%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_%2846%29.jpg "İlham Əliyev Bakıda Hərbi Qənimətlər Parkının açılışında (46).jpg")
In 2021, following the [2020 Nagorno\-Karabakh war](/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_war "2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war"), a [Military Trophy Park](/wiki/Military_Trophy_Park_%28Baku%29 "Military Trophy Park (Baku)") was opened in [Azerbaijan](/wiki/Azerbaijan "Azerbaijan")'s capital [Baku](/wiki/Baku "Baku"), showcasing seized military equipment, as well as the helmets and wax mannequins of Armenian troops.{{cite web\|title\=Azerbaijan's display of dead soldiers' helmets sparks outrage in Armenia\|url\=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/azerbaijan\-dead\-soldiers\-helmets\-armenia\-b1831316\.html \|archive\-url\=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/azerbaijan\-dead\-soldiers\-helmets\-armenia\-b1831316\.html \|archive\-date\=May 25, 2022 \|url\-access\=subscription \|url\-status\=live\|work\=\[\[The Independent]]\|date\=April 15, 2021\|access\-date\=April 17, 2021}} The helmets were reported by international media to belong to dead Armenian soldiers. Several international journalists have called the park "barbaric".{{cite web \|last1\=Hanrahan \|first1\=Jake \|title\=This is hideous. The Azerbaijan regime has created what is essentially a war crimes theme park for Aliyev. Unbelievable. See this thread. \|url\=https://twitter.com/Jake\_Hanrahan/status/1382449204967133185 \|website\=Twitter \|archive\-url\=https://archive.today/20210419230747/https://twitter.com/Jake\_Hanrahan/status/1382449204967133185 \|archive\-date\=April 19, 2021 \|date\=April 15, 2021 \|access\-date\=May 31, 2021 \|url\-status\=live }}{{cite web \|author1\=alexmassie \|title\="You think that a wall as solid as the earth separates civilisation from barbarism. I tell you the division is a thread, a sheet of glass. A touch here, a push there, and you bring back the reign of Saturn." John Buchan. \|url\=https://twitter.com/alexmassie/status/1381650678431559682 \|archive\-url\=https://archive.today/20210419230416/https://twitter.com/alexmassie/status/1381650678431559682 \|archive\-date\=April 19, 2021 \|date\=April 13, 2021 \|access\-date\=May 31, 2021 \|url\-status\=live }}{{Cite web\|title\=International organizations cannot remain silent on Baku's "park of barbarism" – MEP Nikos Androulakis\|url\=https://en.armradio.am/2021/04/13/international\-organizations\-cannot\-remain\-silent\-on\-bakus\-park\-of\-barbarism\-mep\-nikos\-androulakis/\|access\-date\=April 16, 2021\|website\=Public Radio of Armenia\|language\=en\-US}} [Armenia](/wiki/Armenia "Armenia") strongly condemned it, accusing Baku of "dishonoring the memory of victims of the war, missing persons and prisoners of war and violating the rights and dignity of their families".{{cite web\|title\=Fury in Armenia as Azerbaijan displays war trophies\|url\=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/13/fury\-in\-armenia\-as\-azerbaijan\-displays\-war\-trophies\|work\=\[\[Al Jazeera Arabic\|Al Jazeera]]\|date\=April 13, 2021\|access\-date\=April 15, 2021}} Armenia's ombudsman called it a "clear manifestation of fascism", saying that it is a "proof of Azerbaijani genocidal policy and [state supported Armenophobia](/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment_in_Azerbaijan "Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan")".{{cite web\|title\=Baku's newly\-opened "park" a proof of state supported Armenophobia – Ombudsman\|url\=https://en.armradio.am/2021/04/13/bakus\-newly\-opened\-park\-a\-proof\-of\-state\-supported\-armenophobia\-ombudsman/\#:\~:text\=The%20so\-called%20"Park",Baku%20on%20April%2012%2C%202021\|work\=\[\[Public Radio of Armenia]]\|date\=April 13, 2021\|access\-date\=April 15, 2021}} Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan stated that such museums are a widely accepted international practice, and the country has a right to commemorate its victory through parades, parks, museums and other means.{{cite web \|last1\=No:131/21 \|title\=Commentary of the Press Service Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan \|url\=https://www.mfa.gov.az/en/news/7288/view \|website\=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan \|access\-date\=May 30, 2021}} Azerbaijani authorities {{who\|date\=June 2021}} claimed that the helmets were left behind by retreating Armenian soldiers.["Парк военных трофеев" в Баку – бурное одобрение и яростное осуждение](https://jam-news.net/ru/парк-военных-трофеев-в-баку-бурное-од/) When Azerbaijani historian Altay Goyushov, one of the leaders of liberal democratic opposition, criticized the helmets corridor, he was rebuffed by local journalists and bloggers who justified demonstrating the helmets, one of them going as far as inviting "all who does not feel well looking at them to go and drown in Caspian sea".
|
[
"Parks owned or operated by government\n-------------------------------------",
"### National parks",
"[thumb\\|Northeast Greenland National Park, the world's largest national park](/wiki/File:Zackenberg.4.jpg \"Zackenberg.4.jpg\")\n{{Main\\|National park}}\nA national park is a reserve of land, usually, but not always declared and owned by a national [government](/wiki/Government \"Government\"), protected from most human development and pollution. Although this may be so, it is not likely that the government of a specific area owns it, rather the community itself. National parks are a [protected area](/wiki/Protected_area \"Protected area\") of [International Union for Conservation of Nature](/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature \"International Union for Conservation of Nature\") [Category II](/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories \"IUCN protected area categories\"). This implies that they are wilderness areas, but unlike pure nature reserves, they are established with the expectation of a certain degree of human visitation and supporting infrastructure.",
"While this type of national park had been proposed previously, the United States established the first \"public park or pleasuring\\-ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people\", [Yellowstone National Park](/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park \"Yellowstone National Park\"), in 1872,{{cite web\\|url\\=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi\\-bin/ampage?collId\\=amrvl\\&fileName\\=vl002//amrvlvl002\\.db\\&recNum\\=1\\&itemLink\\=r?ammem/consrvbib:@field(NUMBER\\+@band(amrvl\\+vl002\\))\\&linkText\\=0\\|title\\=Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850–1920\\|work\\=\\[\\[Library of Congress]]}} although Yellowstone was not gazetted as a national park. The first officially designated national park was [Mackinac Island](/wiki/Mackinac_National_Park \"Mackinac National Park\"), gazetted in 1875\\. [Australia](/wiki/Australia \"Australia\")'s [Royal National Park](/wiki/Royal_National_Park \"Royal National Park\"), established in 1879, was the world's second officially established national park.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi\\-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode\\=place\\_detail;place\\_id\\=105893\\|title\\=National parks\\|access\\-date\\=November 2, 2014\\|date\\=July 31, 2007\\|work\\=Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Australian Government]]}}",
"The largest national park in the world is the [Northeast Greenland National Park](/wiki/Northeast_Greenland_National_Park \"Northeast Greenland National Park\"), which was established in 1974 and currently protects {{convert\\|972001\\|km2\\|mi2\\|\\-3\\|abbr\\=on}}.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.stat.gl/LinkClick.aspx?link\\=Intranet%2fGIF\\_2009\\_WEB.pdf\\&tabid\\=57∣\\=473\\&language\\=en\\-US \\|title\\=Greenland in Figures 2009 \\|date\\=June 2009 \\|edition\\=6th revised \\|work\\=\\[\\[Statistics Greenland]] \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428161458/http://www.stat.gl/LinkClick.aspx?link\\=Intranet%2fGIF\\_2009\\_WEB.pdf\\&tabid\\=57∣\\=473\\&language\\=en\\-US \\|archive\\-date\\=April 28, 2010 }}{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.greenland.com/en/about\\-greenland/natur\\-klima/nationalparken.aspx \\| title\\=The National Park \\| website\\=Greenland.com \\| archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405142506/http://www.greenland.com/en/about\\-greenland/natur\\-klima/nationalparken.aspx \\|archive\\-date\\=April 5, 2013 }}",
"### Sub\\-national parks",
"{{Main\\|State park\\|Provincial park}}\nIn some [Federal systems](/wiki/Federation \"Federation\"), many parks are managed by the sub\\-national levels of government. In [Brazil](/wiki/Brazil \"Brazil\"), the [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\"), and some states in [Mexico](/wiki/Mexico \"Mexico\"), as well as in [the Australian state of Victoria](/wiki/Victoria_%28Australia%29 \"Victoria (Australia)\"), these are known as state parks, whereas in [Argentina](/wiki/Argentina \"Argentina\"), [Canada](/wiki/Canada \"Canada\") and [South Korea](/wiki/South_Korea \"South Korea\"), they are known as provincial or territorial parks. In the United States, it is also common for individual [counties](/wiki/County_%28United_States%29 \"County (United States)\") to run parks, these are known as **county parks**.",
"### Urban parks",
"[thumb\\|upright\\=1\\.1\\|[Yoyogi Park](/wiki/Yoyogi_Park \"Yoyogi Park\") is a large urban park in [Tokyo](/wiki/Tokyo \"Tokyo\").](/wiki/File:Yoyogi_Park_from_Hyatt.jpg \"Yoyogi Park from Hyatt.jpg\")\n{{Main\\|Urban park}}\nA park is an area of open space provided for recreational use, usually owned and maintained by a local government. Parks commonly resemble [savannas](/wiki/Savanna \"Savanna\") or open [woodlands](/wiki/Woodland \"Woodland\"), the types of [landscape](/wiki/Landscape \"Landscape\") that human beings find most relaxing. [Grass](/wiki/Grass \"Grass\") is typically kept short to discourage [insect](/wiki/Insect \"Insect\") pests and to allow for the enjoyment of [picnics](/wiki/Picnic \"Picnic\") and sporting activities. Trees are chosen for their beauty and to provide [shade](/wiki/Shade_%28shadow%29 \"Shade (shadow)\").",
"Some early parks include the [la Alameda de Hércules](/wiki/La_Alameda%2C_Seville \"La Alameda, Seville\"), in [Seville](/wiki/Seville \"Seville\"), a promenaded public mall, urban garden and park built in 1574, within the historic center of Seville; the [City Park](/wiki/City_Park_%28Budapest%29 \"City Park (Budapest)\"), in Budapest, Hungary, which was property of the Batthyány family and was later made public.",
"An early purpose built public park was [Derby Arboretum](/wiki/Derby_Arboretum \"Derby Arboretum\") which was opened in 1840 by Joseph Strutt for the mill workers and people of the city. This was closely followed by [Princes Park](/wiki/Princes_Park%2C_Liverpool \"Princes Park, Liverpool\") in the [Liverpool](/wiki/Liverpool \"Liverpool\") suburb of [Toxteth](/wiki/Toxteth \"Toxteth\"), laid out to the designs of [Joseph Paxton](/wiki/Joseph_Paxton \"Joseph Paxton\") from 1842 and opened in 1843\\. The land on which the Princes park was built was purchased by Richard Vaughan Yates, an iron merchant and philanthropist, in 1841 for £50,000\\. The creation of Princes Park showed great foresight and introduced a number of highly influential ideas. First and foremost was the provision of open space for the benefit of townspeople and local residents within an area that was being rapidly built up. Secondly it took the concept of the designed landscape as a setting for the suburban domicile, an idea pioneered by [John Nash](/wiki/John_Nash_%28architect%29 \"John Nash (architect)\") at [Regent's Park](/wiki/Regent%27s_Park \"Regent's Park\"), and re\\-fashioned it for the provincial town in a most original way. Nash's remodeling of St James's Park from 1827 and the sequence of processional routes he created to link The Mall with Regent's Park completely transformed the appearance of London's West End. With the establishment of Princes Park in 1842, Joseph Paxton did something similar for the benefit of a provincial town, albeit one of international stature by virtue of its flourishing mercantile contingent. Liverpool had a burgeoning presence on the scene of global maritime trade before 1800 and during the Victorian era its wealth rivaled that of London itself.",
"The form and layout of Paxton's ornamental grounds, structured about an informal lake within the confines of a serpentine carriageway, put in place the essential elements of his much imitated design for [Birkenhead Park](/wiki/Birkenhead_Park \"Birkenhead Park\"). The latter was commenced in 1843 with the help of public finance and deployed the ideas he pioneered at Princes Park on a more expansive scale. [Frederick Law Olmsted](/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted \"Frederick Law Olmsted\") visited Birkenhead Park in 1850 and praised its qualities. Indeed, Paxton is widely credited as having been one of the principal influences on Olmsted and Calvert's design for New York's Central Park of 1857\\.",
"There are around an estimated 27,000 public parks in the [United Kingdom](/wiki/United_Kingdom \"United Kingdom\"), with around 2\\.6 billion visits to parks each year. Many are of cultural and historical interest, with 300 registered by [Historic England](/wiki/Historic_England \"Historic England\") as of national importance. Most public parks have been provided and run by local authorities over the past hundred and seventy years, but these authorities have no statutory duty to fund or maintain these public parks.{{Cite web\\|last\\=Layton\\-Jones\\|first\\=K\\|date\\=2016\\|title\\=History of Public Park Funding and Management (1820 – 2010\\) Historic England Research Report 20/2016\\|url\\=https://research.historicengland.org.uk/Report.aspx?i\\=15442\\&ru\\=/Results.aspx?p\\=1\\&n\\=10\\&tsk\\=History%2520of%2520Public%2520Park%2520Funding%2520and%2520Management%2520(1820%2520%25e2%2580%2593%25202010\\)\\&ns\\=1\\|access\\-date\\=June 28, 2020\\|website\\=research.historicengland.org.uk}} In 2016 the [Heritage Lottery Fund](/wiki/National_Lottery_Heritage_Fund \"National Lottery Heritage Fund\")'s *State of UK Public Parks* reported that \"92 per cent of park managers report their maintenance budgets have reduced in the past three years and 95 per cent expect their funding will continue to reduce\".{{Cite web\\|title\\=State of UK Public Parks 2016 {{!}} The National Lottery Heritage Fund\\|url\\=https://www.heritagefund.org.uk/publications/state\\-uk\\-public\\-parks\\-2016\\|access\\-date\\=June 28, 2020\\|website\\=www.heritagefund.org.uk\\|date\\=November 29, 2016 }}",
"[thumb\\|[Central Park](/wiki/Central_Park \"Central Park\") in [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\") is the most\\-visited urban park in the U.S.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.centralparknyc.org/about/about\\-cpc \\|title\\=About the Central Park Conservancy\\|website\\= Central Park Conservancy\\|access\\-date\\=July 15, 2010}}](/wiki/File:NYC_-_Manhattan_-_Central-Park.jpg \"NYC - Manhattan - Central-Park.jpg\")",
"Another early public park is the [Peel Park, Salford](/wiki/Peel_Park%2C_Salford \"Peel Park, Salford\"), England opened on August 22, 1846\\.{{cite web \\|url\\=http://www.salford.gov.uk/leisure/parks/publicparks/parks\\-bb.htm \\|title\\=Parks in Broughton and Blackfriars \\|date\\=August 6, 2007 \\|work\\=\\[\\[Salford City Council]] \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221180427/http://www.salford.gov.uk/leisure/parks/publicparks/parks\\-bb.htm \\|archive\\-date\\=February 21, 2009 }}{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.manchester2002\\-uk.com/day\\-trips/parks\\-gardens/ \\|title\\=Public Parks \\& Gardens in Manchester \\|website\\=Manchester UK \\|access\\-date\\=September 6, 2008 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922182525/http://www.manchester2002\\-uk.com/daytrips/parks\\-gardens.html \\|archive\\-date\\=September 22, 2007 \\|url\\-status\\=usurped}}[University of Salford: Peel Park](http://www.buhu.salford.ac.uk/virtualtours/index.php) {{Webarchive\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219203655/http://www.buhu.salford.ac.uk/virtualtours/index.php \\|date\\=December 19, 2008 }} Retrieved on September 7, 2008 Another possible claimant for status as the world's first public park is [Boston Common](/wiki/Boston_Common \"Boston Common\") (Boston, Massachusetts, US), set aside in 1634, whose first recreational promenade, Tremont Mall, dates from 1728\\. True park status for the entire common seems to have emerged no later than 1830, when the grazing of cows was ended and renaming the Common as Washington Park was proposed (renaming the bordering Sentry Street to Park Street in 1808 already acknowledged the reality).",
"### Linear parks",
"A [linear park](/wiki/Linear_park \"Linear park\") is a park that has a much greater length than width. A typical example of a linear park is a section of a former railway that has been converted into a park called a [rail trail](/wiki/Rail_trail \"Rail trail\") or [greenway](/wiki/Greenway_%28landscape%29 \"Greenway (landscape)\") (i.e. the tracks removed, vegetation allowed to grow back). Parks are sometimes made out of oddly shaped areas of land, much like the vacant lots that often become city neighborhood parks. Linked parks may form a [greenbelt](/wiki/Greenbelt \"Greenbelt\").",
"### Country parks",
"{{Main\\|Country park}}\nIn some countries, especially the United Kingdom, *country parks* are areas designated for recreation, and managed by [local authorities](/wiki/Local_authority \"Local authority\"). They are often located near urban populations, but they provide recreational facilities typical of the countryside rather than the town.",
"### Military parks",
"[thumb\\|[Baku Military Trophy Park](/wiki/Military_Trophy_Park_%28Baku%29 \"Military Trophy Park (Baku)\") in [Azerbaijan](/wiki/Azerbaijan \"Azerbaijan\"), which sparked uproar due to display of helmets of Armenian troops and wax mannequins of Armenian soldiers of [2020 Nagorno\\-Karabakh war](/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_war \"2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war\").{{cite web\\|title\\=Is Azerbaijan's Ilham Aliyev the new Saddam Hussein?\\|url\\=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/azerbaijan%E2%80%99s\\-ilham\\-aliyev\\-new\\-saddam\\-hussein\\-182853\\|work\\=\\[\\[The National Interest]]\\|date\\=April 16, 2021\\|access\\-date\\=April 17, 2021}}](/wiki/File:%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_%2846%29.jpg \"İlham Əliyev Bakıda Hərbi Qənimətlər Parkının açılışında (46).jpg\")",
"In 2021, following the [2020 Nagorno\\-Karabakh war](/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_war \"2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war\"), a [Military Trophy Park](/wiki/Military_Trophy_Park_%28Baku%29 \"Military Trophy Park (Baku)\") was opened in [Azerbaijan](/wiki/Azerbaijan \"Azerbaijan\")'s capital [Baku](/wiki/Baku \"Baku\"), showcasing seized military equipment, as well as the helmets and wax mannequins of Armenian troops.{{cite web\\|title\\=Azerbaijan's display of dead soldiers' helmets sparks outrage in Armenia\\|url\\=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/azerbaijan\\-dead\\-soldiers\\-helmets\\-armenia\\-b1831316\\.html \\|archive\\-url\\=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/azerbaijan\\-dead\\-soldiers\\-helmets\\-armenia\\-b1831316\\.html \\|archive\\-date\\=May 25, 2022 \\|url\\-access\\=subscription \\|url\\-status\\=live\\|work\\=\\[\\[The Independent]]\\|date\\=April 15, 2021\\|access\\-date\\=April 17, 2021}} The helmets were reported by international media to belong to dead Armenian soldiers. Several international journalists have called the park \"barbaric\".{{cite web \\|last1\\=Hanrahan \\|first1\\=Jake \\|title\\=This is hideous. The Azerbaijan regime has created what is essentially a war crimes theme park for Aliyev. Unbelievable. See this thread. \\|url\\=https://twitter.com/Jake\\_Hanrahan/status/1382449204967133185 \\|website\\=Twitter \\|archive\\-url\\=https://archive.today/20210419230747/https://twitter.com/Jake\\_Hanrahan/status/1382449204967133185 \\|archive\\-date\\=April 19, 2021 \\|date\\=April 15, 2021 \\|access\\-date\\=May 31, 2021 \\|url\\-status\\=live }}{{cite web \\|author1\\=alexmassie \\|title\\=\"You think that a wall as solid as the earth separates civilisation from barbarism. I tell you the division is a thread, a sheet of glass. A touch here, a push there, and you bring back the reign of Saturn.\" John Buchan. \\|url\\=https://twitter.com/alexmassie/status/1381650678431559682 \\|archive\\-url\\=https://archive.today/20210419230416/https://twitter.com/alexmassie/status/1381650678431559682 \\|archive\\-date\\=April 19, 2021 \\|date\\=April 13, 2021 \\|access\\-date\\=May 31, 2021 \\|url\\-status\\=live }}{{Cite web\\|title\\=International organizations cannot remain silent on Baku's \"park of barbarism\" – MEP Nikos Androulakis\\|url\\=https://en.armradio.am/2021/04/13/international\\-organizations\\-cannot\\-remain\\-silent\\-on\\-bakus\\-park\\-of\\-barbarism\\-mep\\-nikos\\-androulakis/\\|access\\-date\\=April 16, 2021\\|website\\=Public Radio of Armenia\\|language\\=en\\-US}} [Armenia](/wiki/Armenia \"Armenia\") strongly condemned it, accusing Baku of \"dishonoring the memory of victims of the war, missing persons and prisoners of war and violating the rights and dignity of their families\".{{cite web\\|title\\=Fury in Armenia as Azerbaijan displays war trophies\\|url\\=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/13/fury\\-in\\-armenia\\-as\\-azerbaijan\\-displays\\-war\\-trophies\\|work\\=\\[\\[Al Jazeera Arabic\\|Al Jazeera]]\\|date\\=April 13, 2021\\|access\\-date\\=April 15, 2021}} Armenia's ombudsman called it a \"clear manifestation of fascism\", saying that it is a \"proof of Azerbaijani genocidal policy and [state supported Armenophobia](/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment_in_Azerbaijan \"Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan\")\".{{cite web\\|title\\=Baku's newly\\-opened \"park\" a proof of state supported Armenophobia – Ombudsman\\|url\\=https://en.armradio.am/2021/04/13/bakus\\-newly\\-opened\\-park\\-a\\-proof\\-of\\-state\\-supported\\-armenophobia\\-ombudsman/\\#:\\~:text\\=The%20so\\-called%20\"Park\",Baku%20on%20April%2012%2C%202021\\|work\\=\\[\\[Public Radio of Armenia]]\\|date\\=April 13, 2021\\|access\\-date\\=April 15, 2021}} Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan stated that such museums are a widely accepted international practice, and the country has a right to commemorate its victory through parades, parks, museums and other means.{{cite web \\|last1\\=No:131/21 \\|title\\=Commentary of the Press Service Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan \\|url\\=https://www.mfa.gov.az/en/news/7288/view \\|website\\=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan \\|access\\-date\\=May 30, 2021}} Azerbaijani authorities {{who\\|date\\=June 2021}} claimed that the helmets were left behind by retreating Armenian soldiers.[\"Парк военных трофеев\" в Баку – бурное одобрение и яростное осуждение](https://jam-news.net/ru/парк-военных-трофеев-в-баку-бурное-од/) When Azerbaijani historian Altay Goyushov, one of the leaders of liberal democratic opposition, criticized the helmets corridor, he was rebuffed by local journalists and bloggers who justified demonstrating the helmets, one of them going as far as inviting \"all who does not feel well looking at them to go and drown in Caspian sea\".",
""
] |
Aspects of convergence culture
------------------------------
### Collective intelligence
This term "collective intelligence", introduced by [Pierre Levy](/wiki/Pierre_L%C3%A9vy "Pierre Lévy"), refers to the ability of virtual communities to collaborate bits of their knowledge or expertise to make it a whole, essentially working together towards a shared goal.Collective intelligence is also distinguished from simply "shared knowledge" across a community, since not one single mind or group can possibly know everything, instead it becomes a sum of many minds half full.{{cite book \|last1\=Levy \|first1\=Pierre \|title\=Collective Intelligence: Mankind's emerging world in cyberspace \|date\=1997 \|publisher\=Perseus Books \|location\=Cambridge \|pages\=1–10 \|chapter\=Introduction}} In a converged culture, according to Jenkins, "media consumption has become a collective process" where meaning\-making is collaborated.
#### Survivor fans
In his book *Convergence Culture*, Jenkins uses the example of the *Survivor* fan culture to reveal this phenomenon at play. Here, fans on Reddit, described as a "knowledge community", work like a hive mind and come together online to put multiple pieces of relatively small bits of information together, thus being able to puzzle together spoilers. If someone was faced with a roadblock, or complication in their investigations, other users part of the Reddit thread would contribute with their own specific expertise by adding more of their findings, or even correcting previous information.These spoilers revealed secrets such as the next season's location, the finalists, eventual winner, and other exciting moments of the seasons.
For example, in the [second season *The Australian Outback*](/wiki/Survivor:The_Australian_Outback "The Australian Outback"), fans were able to figure out that a contestant was eliminated due to a medical evacuation, as well as who that person was. By finding a contestant's corporate website, they were able to view pictures of the contestant ([Mike Skupin](/wiki/Michael_Skupin "Michael Skupin")) post\-season with a business associate and wearing an arm cast, which showed evidence of an arm injury. This prediction was confirmed when after [episode 6](/wiki/Survivor:The_Australian_Outback%236 "The Australian Outback#6") aired and Mike Skupin fell into the camp fire.
Other fans in their travels would be able to find where the next season's location is, before it is even revealed (the show would withhold the next season's location until it began its promos). By building on what others have contributed, a couple goes through a detailed process of satellite images, building a network of travel agencies and tourism directors, studying ecology and culture and asking locals for information.
This collective intelligence behind the reality TV show became so ingrained into the show's culture whereby the executive producer Mark Burnett would "play" with his audience, misdirecting their predictions, and switch up his editing style to throw them off from their assumptions. According to Jenkins, this spoiler culture behind *Survivor* revealed a new power\-relationship between production and consumption with more interactive online behaviors because of the show's open recognition of the so\-called "collective intelligence" . Watching the show became a shared experience of collaboration which extended their engagement with the media hence, some argue that not taking this into account can be a flaw in the producers, not fully accepting a new commodity.
### Transmedia storytelling
This aspect of convergence culture refers more to the *production* of media, encompassing a change where industries and mediums of media have expanded and overlapped. Rather than simply sending out their media through one medium, whether it be a film or comic, it can extend to different cultural commodities, that individually present a self\-sustaining addition to the story and therefore add depth to a consumer's experience.Jenkins describes [transmedia storytelling](/wiki/Transmedia_storytelling "Transmedia storytelling") to require consumers of media to actively participate, both being encouraged and encouraging media creators to create fiction that is no longer consumed in one manner, but through multiple mediums and platforms.{{cite web \|last1\=Jenkins \|first1\=Henry \|title\=Transmedia Storytelling \|url\=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/401760/transmedia\-storytelling/ \|website\=MIT Technology Review \|access\-date\=16 May 2019}}
In the words of Jenkins, "Transmedia storytelling is the art of world making." A single story can now stretch across TV, film, video games and even social media. However what separates this from a franchise is that each medium ideally makes its own unique contribution to the progression of the story, it should be more than just a reiteration onto a new medium.{{Cite book\|title\=Storytelling Across Worlds: transmedia for creatives and producers\|last1\=Dowd\|first1\=Tom\|last2\=Niederman\|first2\=Michael\|last3\=Fry\|first3\=Joseph\|last4\=Steiff\|first4\=Josef\|publisher\=Focal Press\|year\=2013\|pages\=1–5}}
#### Matrix
A film such as the *[Matrix](/wiki/The_Matrix_%28franchise%29 "The Matrix (franchise)")*, is an example of a franchised cinema project, where auxiliary information extended outwards, outside of the film industry and into other means of cultural production. In the case of *Matrix*, its audience was expected to go out of their way into different media channels, such as online fan\-community forums, to fully understand the mythology of the film and continue on the storytelling journey throughout the sequel franchise *[Matrix: Reloaded](/wiki/The_Matrix_Reloaded "The Matrix Reloaded") and [Revolutions](/wiki/The_Matrix_Revolutions "The Matrix Revolutions").* Taking one of its multiple video games, such as *[Enter the Matrix](/wiki/Enter_the_Matrix "Enter the Matrix")*, exemplifies these extensions as not just adaptations, but instead add to the story by almost "upstaging" a main character in the films ([Morpheus](/wiki/Morpheus_%28The_Matrix%29 "Morpheus (The Matrix)")) with a minor character who you play as in the game ([Niobe](/wiki/Niobe_%28The_Matrix%29 "Niobe (The Matrix)")) thus creating a new narrative perspective for fans who participated within the "world" more.
{{cite journal \|last1\=Perryman \|first1\=Neil \|title\=Doctor Who and the Convergence of Media \|journal\=Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies \|date\=2008 \|volume\=14 \|issue\=1 \|pages\=21–39 \|doi\=10\.1177/1354856507084417 \|publisher\=Sage Publications\|s2cid\=143017991 }}
### Participatory culture
Terms such as [produsage](/wiki/Produsage "Produsage") and [prosumption](/wiki/Prosumer "Prosumer") that describe the audience of participatory culture, refer to a shift from passive consumers to a more active audience within a new media environment.{{cite journal \|last1\=Bruns \|first1\=Axel \|editor1\-last\=Jensen \|editor1\-first\=Klaus Brunh \|editor2\-last\=Craig \|editor2\-first\=Robert T. \|title\=Prosumption, Produsage \|journal\=The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy \|date\=2016 \|pages\=1–4 \|doi\=10\.1002/9781118766804\.wbiect086 \|publisher\=John Wiley \& Sons\|isbn\=9781118290736 }} These terms recognize the ability of users on web 2\.0 to generate their own amateur content which can span from personal social media content to fan fiction and to even forming a new genre of [citizen journalism](/wiki/Citizen_journalism "Citizen journalism"). Barriers to production are low, as technologies facilitate the ability to easily produce, share and consume content.{{cite book \|last1\=Jenkins \|first1\=Henry \|title\=Textual poachers : television fans and participatory culture \|date\=2012 \|publisher\=Routledge \|location\=New York \|isbn\=9780203114339 \|page\=158 \|edition\=Updated 20th anniversary}} For example, missing out on the current week's episode of one's favorite TV show would be a common problem, but internet technologies have enabled the practice of downloading and streaming an episode on demand. Also, creating fan videos are a more accessible type of fan engagement with the download of scenes, and using free pre\-installed video editing software.{{cite journal \|last1\=Busse \|first1\=Kristina \|last2\=Gray \|first2\=Jonathan \|title\=Fan cultures and fan communities \|journal\= The Handbook of Media Audiences \|date\=2011 \|pages\=425–443 \|publisher\=Blackwell Publishing\|doi\=10\.1002/9781444340525\.ch21 \|isbn\=9781444340525 }} Jenkins integrates this active audience participation as a notable element of convergence culture, whereby fans as consumers can directly interact with content and appropriate or remix it into their own consumption process.
Because of the more emerging participatory content, it represents the media industries to not simply be a top\-down corporate driven process, but just as much a bottom\-up, consumer driven process too. While companies are looking to extend their content across platforms and enter new realms, consumers in this converged ecology have also gained control in aspects of the process such as where, how and when they want to consume.{{cite web \|last1\=Jenkins \|first1\=Henry \|title\=Welcome to Convergence Culture \|url\=http://henryjenkins.org/blog/2006/06/welcome\_to\_convergence\_culture.html \|website\=Henry Jenkins\|date\=19 June 2006 }} For example, the creation of fan fiction, while it can sometimes be managed and facilitated by the corporate leaders, fans can take worlds and remix and collaborate it into something new and their own. It has reached a point where consumption now can entail some fragment of collaboration, creation etc.
[thumb\|261x261px\|Half\-Life Counter Strike logo](/wiki/File:Half-Life_Counter-Strike.svg "Half-Life Counter-Strike.svg")
An example of this flattened hierarchical structure between the production and consumption of content or media is Counter\-Strike the computer game. This game originated as an extension of *[Half Life](/wiki/Half-Life_%28video_game%29 "Half-Life (video game)"),*a modification ("[mod](/wiki/Mod_%28video_gaming%29 "Mod (video gaming)")") and therefore not its own game. Creators Minh Lee and Jeff Cliff, developed and released this "mod" for free but the game required a Half\-Life copy to work. Using the [Software Developer's Kit](/wiki/Software_development_kit "Software development kit") of Half Life to access the game's \-building tools, the creators coded and modeled the game, but its maps and character options, which would traditionally be assigned a team of developers by the company, were essentially decided by its gamers, through prepublications and discussions on its websites. In this way, converged culture reveals a challenge of who is in charge, collaborating with outside developers, fans and producers to develop the game.{{cite journal \|last1\=Deuze \|first1\=Mark \|title\=Convergence culture in the creative industries \|journal\=International Journal of Cultural Studies \|date\=25 July 2016 \|volume\=10 \|issue\=2 \|pages\=243–263 \|doi\=10\.1177/1367877907076793 \|publisher\=SAGE\|s2cid\=145773968 }}
|
[
"Aspects of convergence culture\n------------------------------",
"### Collective intelligence",
"This term \"collective intelligence\", introduced by [Pierre Levy](/wiki/Pierre_L%C3%A9vy \"Pierre Lévy\"), refers to the ability of virtual communities to collaborate bits of their knowledge or expertise to make it a whole, essentially working together towards a shared goal.Collective intelligence is also distinguished from simply \"shared knowledge\" across a community, since not one single mind or group can possibly know everything, instead it becomes a sum of many minds half full.{{cite book \\|last1\\=Levy \\|first1\\=Pierre \\|title\\=Collective Intelligence: Mankind's emerging world in cyberspace \\|date\\=1997 \\|publisher\\=Perseus Books \\|location\\=Cambridge \\|pages\\=1–10 \\|chapter\\=Introduction}} In a converged culture, according to Jenkins, \"media consumption has become a collective process\" where meaning\\-making is collaborated. \n#### Survivor fans",
"In his book *Convergence Culture*, Jenkins uses the example of the *Survivor* fan culture to reveal this phenomenon at play. Here, fans on Reddit, described as a \"knowledge community\", work like a hive mind and come together online to put multiple pieces of relatively small bits of information together, thus being able to puzzle together spoilers. If someone was faced with a roadblock, or complication in their investigations, other users part of the Reddit thread would contribute with their own specific expertise by adding more of their findings, or even correcting previous information.These spoilers revealed secrets such as the next season's location, the finalists, eventual winner, and other exciting moments of the seasons.",
"For example, in the [second season *The Australian Outback*](/wiki/Survivor:The_Australian_Outback \"The Australian Outback\"), fans were able to figure out that a contestant was eliminated due to a medical evacuation, as well as who that person was. By finding a contestant's corporate website, they were able to view pictures of the contestant ([Mike Skupin](/wiki/Michael_Skupin \"Michael Skupin\")) post\\-season with a business associate and wearing an arm cast, which showed evidence of an arm injury. This prediction was confirmed when after [episode 6](/wiki/Survivor:The_Australian_Outback%236 \"The Australian Outback#6\") aired and Mike Skupin fell into the camp fire.",
"Other fans in their travels would be able to find where the next season's location is, before it is even revealed (the show would withhold the next season's location until it began its promos). By building on what others have contributed, a couple goes through a detailed process of satellite images, building a network of travel agencies and tourism directors, studying ecology and culture and asking locals for information.",
"This collective intelligence behind the reality TV show became so ingrained into the show's culture whereby the executive producer Mark Burnett would \"play\" with his audience, misdirecting their predictions, and switch up his editing style to throw them off from their assumptions. According to Jenkins, this spoiler culture behind *Survivor* revealed a new power\\-relationship between production and consumption with more interactive online behaviors because of the show's open recognition of the so\\-called \"collective intelligence\" . Watching the show became a shared experience of collaboration which extended their engagement with the media hence, some argue that not taking this into account can be a flaw in the producers, not fully accepting a new commodity.",
"### Transmedia storytelling",
"This aspect of convergence culture refers more to the *production* of media, encompassing a change where industries and mediums of media have expanded and overlapped. Rather than simply sending out their media through one medium, whether it be a film or comic, it can extend to different cultural commodities, that individually present a self\\-sustaining addition to the story and therefore add depth to a consumer's experience.Jenkins describes [transmedia storytelling](/wiki/Transmedia_storytelling \"Transmedia storytelling\") to require consumers of media to actively participate, both being encouraged and encouraging media creators to create fiction that is no longer consumed in one manner, but through multiple mediums and platforms.{{cite web \\|last1\\=Jenkins \\|first1\\=Henry \\|title\\=Transmedia Storytelling \\|url\\=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/401760/transmedia\\-storytelling/ \\|website\\=MIT Technology Review \\|access\\-date\\=16 May 2019}}",
"In the words of Jenkins, \"Transmedia storytelling is the art of world making.\" A single story can now stretch across TV, film, video games and even social media. However what separates this from a franchise is that each medium ideally makes its own unique contribution to the progression of the story, it should be more than just a reiteration onto a new medium.{{Cite book\\|title\\=Storytelling Across Worlds: transmedia for creatives and producers\\|last1\\=Dowd\\|first1\\=Tom\\|last2\\=Niederman\\|first2\\=Michael\\|last3\\=Fry\\|first3\\=Joseph\\|last4\\=Steiff\\|first4\\=Josef\\|publisher\\=Focal Press\\|year\\=2013\\|pages\\=1–5}}",
"#### Matrix",
"A film such as the *[Matrix](/wiki/The_Matrix_%28franchise%29 \"The Matrix (franchise)\")*, is an example of a franchised cinema project, where auxiliary information extended outwards, outside of the film industry and into other means of cultural production. In the case of *Matrix*, its audience was expected to go out of their way into different media channels, such as online fan\\-community forums, to fully understand the mythology of the film and continue on the storytelling journey throughout the sequel franchise *[Matrix: Reloaded](/wiki/The_Matrix_Reloaded \"The Matrix Reloaded\") and [Revolutions](/wiki/The_Matrix_Revolutions \"The Matrix Revolutions\").* Taking one of its multiple video games, such as *[Enter the Matrix](/wiki/Enter_the_Matrix \"Enter the Matrix\")*, exemplifies these extensions as not just adaptations, but instead add to the story by almost \"upstaging\" a main character in the films ([Morpheus](/wiki/Morpheus_%28The_Matrix%29 \"Morpheus (The Matrix)\")) with a minor character who you play as in the game ([Niobe](/wiki/Niobe_%28The_Matrix%29 \"Niobe (The Matrix)\")) thus creating a new narrative perspective for fans who participated within the \"world\" more.",
"{{cite journal \\|last1\\=Perryman \\|first1\\=Neil \\|title\\=Doctor Who and the Convergence of Media \\|journal\\=Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies \\|date\\=2008 \\|volume\\=14 \\|issue\\=1 \\|pages\\=21–39 \\|doi\\=10\\.1177/1354856507084417 \\|publisher\\=Sage Publications\\|s2cid\\=143017991 }}",
"### Participatory culture",
"Terms such as [produsage](/wiki/Produsage \"Produsage\") and [prosumption](/wiki/Prosumer \"Prosumer\") that describe the audience of participatory culture, refer to a shift from passive consumers to a more active audience within a new media environment.{{cite journal \\|last1\\=Bruns \\|first1\\=Axel \\|editor1\\-last\\=Jensen \\|editor1\\-first\\=Klaus Brunh \\|editor2\\-last\\=Craig \\|editor2\\-first\\=Robert T. \\|title\\=Prosumption, Produsage \\|journal\\=The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy \\|date\\=2016 \\|pages\\=1–4 \\|doi\\=10\\.1002/9781118766804\\.wbiect086 \\|publisher\\=John Wiley \\& Sons\\|isbn\\=9781118290736 }} These terms recognize the ability of users on web 2\\.0 to generate their own amateur content which can span from personal social media content to fan fiction and to even forming a new genre of [citizen journalism](/wiki/Citizen_journalism \"Citizen journalism\"). Barriers to production are low, as technologies facilitate the ability to easily produce, share and consume content.{{cite book \\|last1\\=Jenkins \\|first1\\=Henry \\|title\\=Textual poachers : television fans and participatory culture \\|date\\=2012 \\|publisher\\=Routledge \\|location\\=New York \\|isbn\\=9780203114339 \\|page\\=158 \\|edition\\=Updated 20th anniversary}} For example, missing out on the current week's episode of one's favorite TV show would be a common problem, but internet technologies have enabled the practice of downloading and streaming an episode on demand. Also, creating fan videos are a more accessible type of fan engagement with the download of scenes, and using free pre\\-installed video editing software.{{cite journal \\|last1\\=Busse \\|first1\\=Kristina \\|last2\\=Gray \\|first2\\=Jonathan \\|title\\=Fan cultures and fan communities \\|journal\\= The Handbook of Media Audiences \\|date\\=2011 \\|pages\\=425–443 \\|publisher\\=Blackwell Publishing\\|doi\\=10\\.1002/9781444340525\\.ch21 \\|isbn\\=9781444340525 }} Jenkins integrates this active audience participation as a notable element of convergence culture, whereby fans as consumers can directly interact with content and appropriate or remix it into their own consumption process.",
"Because of the more emerging participatory content, it represents the media industries to not simply be a top\\-down corporate driven process, but just as much a bottom\\-up, consumer driven process too. While companies are looking to extend their content across platforms and enter new realms, consumers in this converged ecology have also gained control in aspects of the process such as where, how and when they want to consume.{{cite web \\|last1\\=Jenkins \\|first1\\=Henry \\|title\\=Welcome to Convergence Culture \\|url\\=http://henryjenkins.org/blog/2006/06/welcome\\_to\\_convergence\\_culture.html \\|website\\=Henry Jenkins\\|date\\=19 June 2006 }} For example, the creation of fan fiction, while it can sometimes be managed and facilitated by the corporate leaders, fans can take worlds and remix and collaborate it into something new and their own. It has reached a point where consumption now can entail some fragment of collaboration, creation etc.\n[thumb\\|261x261px\\|Half\\-Life Counter Strike logo](/wiki/File:Half-Life_Counter-Strike.svg \"Half-Life Counter-Strike.svg\")\nAn example of this flattened hierarchical structure between the production and consumption of content or media is Counter\\-Strike the computer game. This game originated as an extension of *[Half Life](/wiki/Half-Life_%28video_game%29 \"Half-Life (video game)\"),*a modification (\"[mod](/wiki/Mod_%28video_gaming%29 \"Mod (video gaming)\")\") and therefore not its own game. Creators Minh Lee and Jeff Cliff, developed and released this \"mod\" for free but the game required a Half\\-Life copy to work. Using the [Software Developer's Kit](/wiki/Software_development_kit \"Software development kit\") of Half Life to access the game's \\-building tools, the creators coded and modeled the game, but its maps and character options, which would traditionally be assigned a team of developers by the company, were essentially decided by its gamers, through prepublications and discussions on its websites. In this way, converged culture reveals a challenge of who is in charge, collaborating with outside developers, fans and producers to develop the game.{{cite journal \\|last1\\=Deuze \\|first1\\=Mark \\|title\\=Convergence culture in the creative industries \\|journal\\=International Journal of Cultural Studies \\|date\\=25 July 2016 \\|volume\\=10 \\|issue\\=2 \\|pages\\=243–263 \\|doi\\=10\\.1177/1367877907076793 \\|publisher\\=SAGE\\|s2cid\\=145773968 }}",
""
] |
History and cultural heritage
-----------------------------
Humans have inhabited Monte San Giorgio at least since the area's equivalent of the [Neolithic Period](/wiki/Neolithic "Neolithic"), around 6,000 years ago. The south side of the mountain is home to [Tremona\-Castello Archaeological Park](/wiki/Tremona-Castello_Archaeological_Park "Tremona-Castello Archaeological Park"), a fortress and settlement which was continuously inhabited by artisans from the Neolithic up until the [14th century](/wiki/14th_century "14th century"). Artifacts, architecture, and other evidence of [Roman](/wiki/Roman_Empire "Roman Empire") and [medieval](/wiki/Middle_Ages "Middle Ages") activity are abundant on and around the mountain. Productive [limestone](/wiki/Limestone "Limestone") quarries were active during this period and beyond in Italy ([Viggiù](/wiki/Viggi%C3%B9 "Viggiù") and [Saltrio](/wiki/Saltrio "Saltrio")) and Switzerland ([Arzo](/wiki/Arzo "Arzo")).
### Fossil and oil exploitation
The mountain's fossil fuel deposits were exploited more recently. Motivated by a search for furnace and lamp oil for [Milan](/wiki/Milan "Milan"), mining projects attempted to establish themselves in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, focusing on the [bituminous](/wiki/Bituminous "Bituminous") [shale](/wiki/Shale "Shale") of the [Grenzbitumenzone](/wiki/Grenzbitumenzone "Grenzbitumenzone") (Besano Formation). Though these early efforts did not last very long, exploitation of the Grenzbitumenzone ramped up in the early 20th century once its pharmaceutical properties were discovered. In 1908, the Spinirolo plant was built for the purpose of processing the shale into saurol, an [ichthyol](/wiki/Ichthyol "Ichthyol")\-like skin ointment. Saurol production and mining continued until the 1950s, and operations went bankrupt in 1960\. Minerals such as [barite](/wiki/Baryte "Baryte"), [fluorite](/wiki/Fluorite "Fluorite"), and [galena](/wiki/Galena "Galena") were also prospected on the mountain during the 20th century.
Italian [paleontologist](/wiki/Paleontologist "Paleontologist") [Giulio Curioni](/wiki/Giulio_Curioni "Giulio Curioni") first mentioned that fossils were present on the mountain in 1847\. The first paper focusing on Monte San Giorgio fossils in particular was published by [Emilio Cornalia](/wiki/Emilio_Cornalia "Emilio Cornalia") in 1854\. Small excavations by Milanese paleontological societies in 1863 and 1878 provided more specific context on the paleontology of Monte San Giorgio. Shale extraction brought the fossil deposits to the attention of [University of Zurich](/wiki/University_of_Zurich "University of Zurich") paleontologist [Bernhard Peyer](/wiki/Bernhard_Peyer "Bernhard Peyer") in 1919\. Peyer and his associates began a series of large and systematic excavations in 1924, greatly expanding both the number of known fossil sites and the number of geological layers known to preserve fossils. Peyer's excavations continued until 1938, discovering many new species of fossil animals in the process. World War II paused both Saurol production and fossil collection. The [Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano](/wiki/Museo_Civico_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Milano "Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano") (Milan Civic Museum of Natural History, MSNM) was bombed in 1943, destroying its collection of Monte San Giorgio specimens. Fossil excavations resumed in 1950 under the helm of [Emil Kuhn\-Schnyder](/wiki/Emil_Kuhn-Schnyder "Emil Kuhn-Schnyder"), Peyer's successor and former student. Kuhn\-Schnyder established the [Palaeontological Institute and Museum of the University of Zurich](/wiki/Palaeontological_Institute_and_Museum_of_the_University_of_Zurich "Palaeontological Institute and Museum of the University of Zurich") (PIMUZ) in 1956, which now hosts over 15,000 specimens of Monte San Giorgio fossils. Collection campaigns have continued intermittently up until the present day, managed by the MSNM, [University of Milan](/wiki/University_of_Milan "University of Milan") (UNIMI), and the [Museo Cantonale di Storia Naturale di Lugano](/wiki/Museo_Cantonale_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Lugano "Museo Cantonale di Storia Naturale di Lugano") (Cantonal Museum of Natural History, MCSN). Over 21,000 fossil specimens have been collected in total by 2010\.
### UNESCO listing
In 2003, the Monte San Giorgio was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with 849 ha ([hectares](/wiki/Hectare "Hectare")) of protected land from the Swiss communes of [Meride](/wiki/Meride "Meride"), [Brusino Arsizio](/wiki/Brusino_Arsizio "Brusino Arsizio"), and [Riva San Vitale](/wiki/Riva_San_Vitale "Riva San Vitale"). This protected area was surrounded by a 1389 ha buffer zone overlapping six additional communes. The nomination of Monte San Giorgio was inspired by its exceptional paleontological value, with multiple fossiliferous levels preserving among the best records of Middle Triassic life in the world. Monte San Giorgio also presents a link between local geology and culture, as well as unique ecological heritage relative to the rest of Switzerland.
In 2010, the World Heritage Site was expanded further, adding 240\.34 ha of land from the Italian communes of [Besano](/wiki/Besano "Besano"), [Porto Ceresio](/wiki/Porto_Ceresio "Porto Ceresio"), and Viggiù. These communes, alongside [Clivio](/wiki/Clivio "Clivio") and Saltrio, were also included within an 1818\.45 ha Italian buffer zone. This additional land brings the total area of UNESCO protected property to 1089\.34 ha and the total buffer zone area to 3207\.45 ha. Inclusion of the Italian territory was motivated for its paleontological heritage.
Each side of the site is managed by separate Swiss and Italian organizations, as well as a transnational board which moderates between the management organizations. The site is not in any particular danger from overutilization or degradation, so management is mainly related to closely\-regulated fossil excavations, promotion, and maintenance of low\-impact tourism facilities. Monte San Giorgio fossils are collected, curated, and displayed by a small number of museums, primarily the PIMUZ, MSNM, and MCSN. Local museums in Besano, Meride, and [Induno Olona](/wiki/Induno_Olona "Induno Olona") also play a role in promotion of the site and its fossils. The [Museo dei fossili del Monte San Giorgio](http://www.montesangiorgio.org/en/Musei/Museo-dei-Fossili-di-Meride.html) (Museum of fossils from Monte San Giorgio) in Meride was first opened 1973, receiving a 2012 redesign and expansion courtesy of Ticinese [architect](/wiki/Architect "Architect") [Mario Botta](/wiki/Mario_Botta "Mario Botta").
|
[
"History and cultural heritage\n-----------------------------",
"Humans have inhabited Monte San Giorgio at least since the area's equivalent of the [Neolithic Period](/wiki/Neolithic \"Neolithic\"), around 6,000 years ago. The south side of the mountain is home to [Tremona\\-Castello Archaeological Park](/wiki/Tremona-Castello_Archaeological_Park \"Tremona-Castello Archaeological Park\"), a fortress and settlement which was continuously inhabited by artisans from the Neolithic up until the [14th century](/wiki/14th_century \"14th century\"). Artifacts, architecture, and other evidence of [Roman](/wiki/Roman_Empire \"Roman Empire\") and [medieval](/wiki/Middle_Ages \"Middle Ages\") activity are abundant on and around the mountain. Productive [limestone](/wiki/Limestone \"Limestone\") quarries were active during this period and beyond in Italy ([Viggiù](/wiki/Viggi%C3%B9 \"Viggiù\") and [Saltrio](/wiki/Saltrio \"Saltrio\")) and Switzerland ([Arzo](/wiki/Arzo \"Arzo\")).",
"### Fossil and oil exploitation",
"The mountain's fossil fuel deposits were exploited more recently. Motivated by a search for furnace and lamp oil for [Milan](/wiki/Milan \"Milan\"), mining projects attempted to establish themselves in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, focusing on the [bituminous](/wiki/Bituminous \"Bituminous\") [shale](/wiki/Shale \"Shale\") of the [Grenzbitumenzone](/wiki/Grenzbitumenzone \"Grenzbitumenzone\") (Besano Formation). Though these early efforts did not last very long, exploitation of the Grenzbitumenzone ramped up in the early 20th century once its pharmaceutical properties were discovered. In 1908, the Spinirolo plant was built for the purpose of processing the shale into saurol, an [ichthyol](/wiki/Ichthyol \"Ichthyol\")\\-like skin ointment. Saurol production and mining continued until the 1950s, and operations went bankrupt in 1960\\. Minerals such as [barite](/wiki/Baryte \"Baryte\"), [fluorite](/wiki/Fluorite \"Fluorite\"), and [galena](/wiki/Galena \"Galena\") were also prospected on the mountain during the 20th century.",
"Italian [paleontologist](/wiki/Paleontologist \"Paleontologist\") [Giulio Curioni](/wiki/Giulio_Curioni \"Giulio Curioni\") first mentioned that fossils were present on the mountain in 1847\\. The first paper focusing on Monte San Giorgio fossils in particular was published by [Emilio Cornalia](/wiki/Emilio_Cornalia \"Emilio Cornalia\") in 1854\\. Small excavations by Milanese paleontological societies in 1863 and 1878 provided more specific context on the paleontology of Monte San Giorgio. Shale extraction brought the fossil deposits to the attention of [University of Zurich](/wiki/University_of_Zurich \"University of Zurich\") paleontologist [Bernhard Peyer](/wiki/Bernhard_Peyer \"Bernhard Peyer\") in 1919\\. Peyer and his associates began a series of large and systematic excavations in 1924, greatly expanding both the number of known fossil sites and the number of geological layers known to preserve fossils. Peyer's excavations continued until 1938, discovering many new species of fossil animals in the process. World War II paused both Saurol production and fossil collection. The [Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano](/wiki/Museo_Civico_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Milano \"Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano\") (Milan Civic Museum of Natural History, MSNM) was bombed in 1943, destroying its collection of Monte San Giorgio specimens. Fossil excavations resumed in 1950 under the helm of [Emil Kuhn\\-Schnyder](/wiki/Emil_Kuhn-Schnyder \"Emil Kuhn-Schnyder\"), Peyer's successor and former student. Kuhn\\-Schnyder established the [Palaeontological Institute and Museum of the University of Zurich](/wiki/Palaeontological_Institute_and_Museum_of_the_University_of_Zurich \"Palaeontological Institute and Museum of the University of Zurich\") (PIMUZ) in 1956, which now hosts over 15,000 specimens of Monte San Giorgio fossils. Collection campaigns have continued intermittently up until the present day, managed by the MSNM, [University of Milan](/wiki/University_of_Milan \"University of Milan\") (UNIMI), and the [Museo Cantonale di Storia Naturale di Lugano](/wiki/Museo_Cantonale_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Lugano \"Museo Cantonale di Storia Naturale di Lugano\") (Cantonal Museum of Natural History, MCSN). Over 21,000 fossil specimens have been collected in total by 2010\\.",
"### UNESCO listing",
"In 2003, the Monte San Giorgio was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with 849 ha ([hectares](/wiki/Hectare \"Hectare\")) of protected land from the Swiss communes of [Meride](/wiki/Meride \"Meride\"), [Brusino Arsizio](/wiki/Brusino_Arsizio \"Brusino Arsizio\"), and [Riva San Vitale](/wiki/Riva_San_Vitale \"Riva San Vitale\"). This protected area was surrounded by a 1389 ha buffer zone overlapping six additional communes. The nomination of Monte San Giorgio was inspired by its exceptional paleontological value, with multiple fossiliferous levels preserving among the best records of Middle Triassic life in the world. Monte San Giorgio also presents a link between local geology and culture, as well as unique ecological heritage relative to the rest of Switzerland.",
"In 2010, the World Heritage Site was expanded further, adding 240\\.34 ha of land from the Italian communes of [Besano](/wiki/Besano \"Besano\"), [Porto Ceresio](/wiki/Porto_Ceresio \"Porto Ceresio\"), and Viggiù. These communes, alongside [Clivio](/wiki/Clivio \"Clivio\") and Saltrio, were also included within an 1818\\.45 ha Italian buffer zone. This additional land brings the total area of UNESCO protected property to 1089\\.34 ha and the total buffer zone area to 3207\\.45 ha. Inclusion of the Italian territory was motivated for its paleontological heritage.",
"Each side of the site is managed by separate Swiss and Italian organizations, as well as a transnational board which moderates between the management organizations. The site is not in any particular danger from overutilization or degradation, so management is mainly related to closely\\-regulated fossil excavations, promotion, and maintenance of low\\-impact tourism facilities. Monte San Giorgio fossils are collected, curated, and displayed by a small number of museums, primarily the PIMUZ, MSNM, and MCSN. Local museums in Besano, Meride, and [Induno Olona](/wiki/Induno_Olona \"Induno Olona\") also play a role in promotion of the site and its fossils. The [Museo dei fossili del Monte San Giorgio](http://www.montesangiorgio.org/en/Musei/Museo-dei-Fossili-di-Meride.html) (Museum of fossils from Monte San Giorgio) in Meride was first opened 1973, receiving a 2012 redesign and expansion courtesy of Ticinese [architect](/wiki/Architect \"Architect\") [Mario Botta](/wiki/Mario_Botta \"Mario Botta\").",
""
] |
Budget principles
-----------------
The [U.S. Constitution](/wiki/U.S._Constitution "U.S. Constitution") ([Article I](/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution "Article One of the United States Constitution"), section 9, clause 7\) states that "No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time."
Each year, the President of the United States submits a budget request to Congress for the following fiscal year as required by the [Budget and Accounting Act of 1921](/wiki/Budget_and_Accounting_Act_of_1921 "Budget and Accounting Act of 1921"). Current law ({{UnitedStatesCode\|31\|1105}}(a)) requires the president to submit a budget no earlier than the first Monday in January, and no later than the first Monday in February. Typically, presidents submit budgets on the first Monday in February. The budget submission has been delayed, however, in some new presidents' first year when the previous president belonged to a different party.
The federal budget is calculated largely on a cash basis. That is, revenues and outlays are recognized when transactions are made. Therefore, the full long\-term costs of programs such as Medicare, Social Security, and the federal portion of Medicaid are not reflected in the federal budget. By contrast, many businesses and some other national governments have adopted forms of accrual accounting, which recognizes obligations and revenues when they are incurred. The costs of some federal credit and loan programs, according to provisions of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, are calculated on a [net present value](/wiki/Net_present_value "Net present value") basis.The Federal Credit Reform Act was passed as part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (P.L. 101\-508\)
Federal agencies cannot spend money unless funds are authorized and appropriated. Typically, separate Congressional committees have jurisdiction over [authorization](/wiki/Authorization_bill "Authorization bill") and appropriations. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees currently have 12 subcommittees, which are responsible for drafting the 12 regular appropriations bills that determine amounts of discretionary spending for various federal programs. Appropriations bills must pass both the House and Senate and then be signed by the president in order to give federal agencies the legal budget authority to spend.A bill can also be enacted by a Congressional override of a presidential veto, or is automatically enacted if the president takes no action within 10 days after receiving the bill. In many recent years, regular appropriations bills have been combined into "[omnibus](/wiki/Omnibus_bill "Omnibus bill")" bills.
Congress may also pass "special" or "emergency" appropriations. Spending that is deemed an "emergency" is exempt from certain Congressional budget enforcement rules. Funds for disaster relief have sometimes come from supplemental appropriations, such as after [Hurricane Katrina](/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina "Hurricane Katrina"). In other cases, funds included in emergency supplemental appropriations bills support activities not obviously related to actual emergencies, such as parts of the [2000 Census of Population and Housing](/wiki/United_States_Census%2C_2000 "United States Census, 2000"). Special appropriations have been used to fund most of the costs of war and occupation in [Iraq](/wiki/Iraq_War "Iraq War") and [Afghanistan](/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_%282001%E2%80%93present%29 "War in Afghanistan (2001–present)") so far.{{Citation needed\|date\=June 2018}}
Budget resolutions and appropriations bills, which reflect spending priorities of Congress, will usually differ from funding levels in the president's budget. The president, however, retains substantial influence over the budget process through veto power and through congressional allies when the president's party has a majority in Congress.
### Budget authority versus outlays
The amount of budget authority and outlays for a fiscal year usually differ because the government can incur obligations for future years. This means that budget authority from a previous fiscal year can, in many cases, be used for expenditure of funds in future fiscal years; for example, a multi\-year contract.
Budget authority is the legal authority provided by federal law to enter into financial obligations that will result in immediate or future outlays involving federal government funds. Outlays refer to the issuance of checks, disbursement of cash or electronic transfer of funds made to liquidate a federal obligation and is usually synonymous with "expenditure" or "spending". The term "appropriations" refers to budget authority to incur obligations and to make payments from the Treasury for specified purposes. Some military and some housing programs have multi\-year appropriations, in which their budget authority is specified for several coming fiscal years.
In the congressional budgeting process, an "authorization" (technically the "[authorization act](/wiki/Authorization_bill "Authorization bill")") provides the legal authority for the executive branch to act, establishes an account which can receive money to implement the action, and sets a limit on how much money may be expended. However, this account remains empty until Congress approves an "appropriation", which requires the U.S. Treasury to provide funds (up to the limit provided for in the authorization). Congress is not required to appropriate as much money as is authorized.Heniff, Bill and Keith, Robert. *The Federal Budget Process*. Alexandria, Va.: Capitol.Net, 2009, pp. 10–27\.
Congress may both authorize and appropriate in the same bill. Known as "[authorization bills](/wiki/Authorization_bill "Authorization bill")", such legislation usually provides for a multi\-year authorization and appropriation. Authorization bills are particularly useful when funding [entitlement programs](/wiki/Entitlement_program "Entitlement program") (benefits which federal law says an individual has a right to, regardless if any money is appropriated), where estimating the amount of funds to be spent is difficult. Authorization bills are also useful when giving a federal agency the right to borrow money, sign contracts, or provide [loan guarantees](/wiki/Loan_guarantee "Loan guarantee"). In 2007, two\-thirds of all federal spending came through authorization bills.Dewhirst, Robert E. and Rausch, John David. "Authorization Bills". In *Encyclopedia of the United States Congress*. New York: Facts On File, 2007, p. 27\.
A "backdoor authorization" occurs when an appropriation is made and an agency required to spend the money even when no authorizing legislation has been enacted. A "backdoor appropriation" occurs when authorizing legislation requires an agency to spend a specific amount of money on a specific project within a specific period of time. Because the agency would be violating the law if it did not do so, it is required to spend the money—even if no appropriation has been made. Backdoor appropriations are particularly vexsome because removing the appropriation requires amending federal law, which is often politically impossible to do within a short period of time. Backdoor authorizations and appropriations are sources of significant friction in Congress. Authorization and appropriations committees jealously guard their legislative rights, and the congressional budgeting process can break down when committees overstep their boundaries and are retaliated against.Milakovich, Michael E. and Gordon, George J. *Public Administration in America*. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2013, pp. 348–49\.
### Federal budget data
[thumb\|Federal Government revenue by type
{{legend\|\#B51700\|Other}}
{{legend\|\#61D836\|\[\[Excise tax in the United States\|Excise tax]]}}
{{legend\|\#004D80\|\[\[Payroll tax in the United States\|Payroll tax]]}}
{{legend\|\#970E53\|\[\[Corporate tax in the United States\|Corporate tax]]}}
{{legend\|\#F27200\|\[\[Income tax in the United States\|Personal Income Tax]]}}](/wiki/File:Federal_Government_Revenue_By_Type.webp "Federal Government Revenue By Type.webp")
[thumb\|Federal revenue adjusted for inflation (2020 Dollars)
{{legend\-line\|\#5E5E5E dashed 3px\|\[\[Trend line (technical analysis)\|Trend line]]}}](/wiki/File:Federal_revenue_adjusted_for_inflation.webp "Federal revenue adjusted for inflation.webp")
[thumb\|450px\|right\|Table compares US federal spending and revenue in 2019 vs. 2018 using CBO historical data.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.cbo.gov/about/products/budget\-economic\-data\#2\|title\=Budget and Economic Data \- Congressional Budget Office\|website\=www.cbo.gov\|access\-date\=April 12, 2019}}](/wiki/File:US_Federal_Budget_Comparison_2016_vs._2015.png "US Federal Budget Comparison 2016 vs. 2015.png")
Several government agencies provide budget data. These include the [Government Accountability Office](/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office "Government Accountability Office") (GAO), the [Congressional Budget Office](/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office "Congressional Budget Office") (CBO), the [Office of Management and Budget](/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget "Office of Management and Budget") (OMB) and the [U.S. Treasury Department](/wiki/U.S._Treasury_Department "U.S. Treasury Department"). The CBO publishes *The Budget and Economic Outlook* in January, which covers a ten\-year window and is typically updated in August. It also publishes a *Long\-Term Budget Outlook* in July and a *Monthly Budget Review*. The OMB, which is responsible for organizing the President's budget presented in February, typically issues a budget update in July. The GAO and the Treasury issue *Financial Statements of the U.S. Government*, usually in the December following the close of the federal fiscal year, which occurs September 30\. There is a corresponding *Citizen's Guide*, a short summary. The Treasury Department also produces a *Combined Statement of Receipts, Outlays, and Balances* each December for the preceding fiscal year, which provides detailed data on federal financial activities.
{{Anchor\| Historical Tables}}
Historical tables within the President's Budget (OMB) provide a wide range of data on federal government finances. Many of the data series begin in 1940 and include estimates of the President's Budget for 2018–2023\. Additionally, Table 1\.1 provides data on receipts, outlays, and surpluses or deficits for 1901–1939 and for earlier multi\-year periods. This document is composed of 17 sections, each of which has one or more tables. Each section covers a common theme. Section 1, for example, provides an overview of the budget and off\-budget totals; Section 2 provides tables on receipts by source; and Section 3 shows outlays by [function](/wiki/United_States_budget_process%23Budget_functions "United States budget process#Budget functions"). When a section contains several tables, the general rule is to start with tables showing the broadest overview data and then work down to more detailed tables. The purpose of these tables is to present a broad range of historical budgetary data in one convenient reference source and to provide relevant comparisons likely to be most useful. The most common comparisons are in terms of proportions (e.g., each major receipt category as a percentage of total receipts and of the gross domestic product).{{cite web\|url\=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2011/assets/hist.pdf\|work\=\[\[Office of Management and Budget]]\|title\=Historical Tables: Budget of the U.S. Government 2011\|via\=\[\[NARA\|National Archives]]\|access\-date\=November 3, 2018}}
### Federal budget projections
The [Congressional Budget Office](/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office "Congressional Budget Office") (CBO) projects budget data such as revenues, expenses, deficits, and debt as part of its "Long\-term Budget Outlook" which is released annually. The 2018 Outlook included projections for debt through 2048 and beyond. CBO outlined several scenarios that result in a range of outcomes. The "Extended Baseline" scenario and "Extended Alternative Fiscal" scenario both result in a much higher level of debt relative to the size of the economy (GDP) as the country ages and healthcare costs rise faster than the rate of economic growth. CBO also identified scenarios involving significant austerity measures, which maintain or reduce the debt relative to GDP over time.
CBO estimated the size of changes that would be needed to achieve a chosen goal for federal debt. For example, if lawmakers wanted to reduce the amount of debt in 2048 to 41 percent of GDP (its average over the past 50 years), they might cut non\-interest spending, increase revenues, or take a combination of both approaches to make changes that equaled 3\.0 percent of GDP each year starting in 2019\. (In dollar terms, that amount would total about $630 billion in 2019\.) If, instead, policymakers wanted debt in 2048 to equal its current share of GDP (78 percent), the necessary changes would be smaller (although still substantial), totaling 1\.9 percent of GDP per year (or about $400 billion in 2019\). The longer lawmakers waited to act, the larger the policy changes would need to be to reach any particular goal for federal debt.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.cbo.gov/publication/53919\|title\=The 2018 Long\-Term Budget Outlook\|publisher\=Congressional Budget Office}}
|
[
"Budget principles\n-----------------",
"The [U.S. Constitution](/wiki/U.S._Constitution \"U.S. Constitution\") ([Article I](/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution \"Article One of the United States Constitution\"), section 9, clause 7\\) states that \"No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.\"",
"Each year, the President of the United States submits a budget request to Congress for the following fiscal year as required by the [Budget and Accounting Act of 1921](/wiki/Budget_and_Accounting_Act_of_1921 \"Budget and Accounting Act of 1921\"). Current law ({{UnitedStatesCode\\|31\\|1105}}(a)) requires the president to submit a budget no earlier than the first Monday in January, and no later than the first Monday in February. Typically, presidents submit budgets on the first Monday in February. The budget submission has been delayed, however, in some new presidents' first year when the previous president belonged to a different party.",
"The federal budget is calculated largely on a cash basis. That is, revenues and outlays are recognized when transactions are made. Therefore, the full long\\-term costs of programs such as Medicare, Social Security, and the federal portion of Medicaid are not reflected in the federal budget. By contrast, many businesses and some other national governments have adopted forms of accrual accounting, which recognizes obligations and revenues when they are incurred. The costs of some federal credit and loan programs, according to provisions of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, are calculated on a [net present value](/wiki/Net_present_value \"Net present value\") basis.The Federal Credit Reform Act was passed as part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (P.L. 101\\-508\\)",
"Federal agencies cannot spend money unless funds are authorized and appropriated. Typically, separate Congressional committees have jurisdiction over [authorization](/wiki/Authorization_bill \"Authorization bill\") and appropriations. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees currently have 12 subcommittees, which are responsible for drafting the 12 regular appropriations bills that determine amounts of discretionary spending for various federal programs. Appropriations bills must pass both the House and Senate and then be signed by the president in order to give federal agencies the legal budget authority to spend.A bill can also be enacted by a Congressional override of a presidential veto, or is automatically enacted if the president takes no action within 10 days after receiving the bill. In many recent years, regular appropriations bills have been combined into \"[omnibus](/wiki/Omnibus_bill \"Omnibus bill\")\" bills.",
"Congress may also pass \"special\" or \"emergency\" appropriations. Spending that is deemed an \"emergency\" is exempt from certain Congressional budget enforcement rules. Funds for disaster relief have sometimes come from supplemental appropriations, such as after [Hurricane Katrina](/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina \"Hurricane Katrina\"). In other cases, funds included in emergency supplemental appropriations bills support activities not obviously related to actual emergencies, such as parts of the [2000 Census of Population and Housing](/wiki/United_States_Census%2C_2000 \"United States Census, 2000\"). Special appropriations have been used to fund most of the costs of war and occupation in [Iraq](/wiki/Iraq_War \"Iraq War\") and [Afghanistan](/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_%282001%E2%80%93present%29 \"War in Afghanistan (2001–present)\") so far.{{Citation needed\\|date\\=June 2018}}",
"Budget resolutions and appropriations bills, which reflect spending priorities of Congress, will usually differ from funding levels in the president's budget. The president, however, retains substantial influence over the budget process through veto power and through congressional allies when the president's party has a majority in Congress.",
"### Budget authority versus outlays",
"The amount of budget authority and outlays for a fiscal year usually differ because the government can incur obligations for future years. This means that budget authority from a previous fiscal year can, in many cases, be used for expenditure of funds in future fiscal years; for example, a multi\\-year contract.",
"Budget authority is the legal authority provided by federal law to enter into financial obligations that will result in immediate or future outlays involving federal government funds. Outlays refer to the issuance of checks, disbursement of cash or electronic transfer of funds made to liquidate a federal obligation and is usually synonymous with \"expenditure\" or \"spending\". The term \"appropriations\" refers to budget authority to incur obligations and to make payments from the Treasury for specified purposes. Some military and some housing programs have multi\\-year appropriations, in which their budget authority is specified for several coming fiscal years.",
"In the congressional budgeting process, an \"authorization\" (technically the \"[authorization act](/wiki/Authorization_bill \"Authorization bill\")\") provides the legal authority for the executive branch to act, establishes an account which can receive money to implement the action, and sets a limit on how much money may be expended. However, this account remains empty until Congress approves an \"appropriation\", which requires the U.S. Treasury to provide funds (up to the limit provided for in the authorization). Congress is not required to appropriate as much money as is authorized.Heniff, Bill and Keith, Robert. *The Federal Budget Process*. Alexandria, Va.: Capitol.Net, 2009, pp. 10–27\\.",
"Congress may both authorize and appropriate in the same bill. Known as \"[authorization bills](/wiki/Authorization_bill \"Authorization bill\")\", such legislation usually provides for a multi\\-year authorization and appropriation. Authorization bills are particularly useful when funding [entitlement programs](/wiki/Entitlement_program \"Entitlement program\") (benefits which federal law says an individual has a right to, regardless if any money is appropriated), where estimating the amount of funds to be spent is difficult. Authorization bills are also useful when giving a federal agency the right to borrow money, sign contracts, or provide [loan guarantees](/wiki/Loan_guarantee \"Loan guarantee\"). In 2007, two\\-thirds of all federal spending came through authorization bills.Dewhirst, Robert E. and Rausch, John David. \"Authorization Bills\". In *Encyclopedia of the United States Congress*. New York: Facts On File, 2007, p. 27\\.",
"A \"backdoor authorization\" occurs when an appropriation is made and an agency required to spend the money even when no authorizing legislation has been enacted. A \"backdoor appropriation\" occurs when authorizing legislation requires an agency to spend a specific amount of money on a specific project within a specific period of time. Because the agency would be violating the law if it did not do so, it is required to spend the money—even if no appropriation has been made. Backdoor appropriations are particularly vexsome because removing the appropriation requires amending federal law, which is often politically impossible to do within a short period of time. Backdoor authorizations and appropriations are sources of significant friction in Congress. Authorization and appropriations committees jealously guard their legislative rights, and the congressional budgeting process can break down when committees overstep their boundaries and are retaliated against.Milakovich, Michael E. and Gordon, George J. *Public Administration in America*. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2013, pp. 348–49\\.",
"### Federal budget data",
"[thumb\\|Federal Government revenue by type\n{{legend\\|\\#B51700\\|Other}}\n{{legend\\|\\#61D836\\|\\[\\[Excise tax in the United States\\|Excise tax]]}}\n{{legend\\|\\#004D80\\|\\[\\[Payroll tax in the United States\\|Payroll tax]]}}\n{{legend\\|\\#970E53\\|\\[\\[Corporate tax in the United States\\|Corporate tax]]}}\n{{legend\\|\\#F27200\\|\\[\\[Income tax in the United States\\|Personal Income Tax]]}}](/wiki/File:Federal_Government_Revenue_By_Type.webp \"Federal Government Revenue By Type.webp\")\n[thumb\\|Federal revenue adjusted for inflation (2020 Dollars)\n{{legend\\-line\\|\\#5E5E5E dashed 3px\\|\\[\\[Trend line (technical analysis)\\|Trend line]]}}](/wiki/File:Federal_revenue_adjusted_for_inflation.webp \"Federal revenue adjusted for inflation.webp\")\n[thumb\\|450px\\|right\\|Table compares US federal spending and revenue in 2019 vs. 2018 using CBO historical data.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.cbo.gov/about/products/budget\\-economic\\-data\\#2\\|title\\=Budget and Economic Data \\- Congressional Budget Office\\|website\\=www.cbo.gov\\|access\\-date\\=April 12, 2019}}](/wiki/File:US_Federal_Budget_Comparison_2016_vs._2015.png \"US Federal Budget Comparison 2016 vs. 2015.png\")\nSeveral government agencies provide budget data. These include the [Government Accountability Office](/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office \"Government Accountability Office\") (GAO), the [Congressional Budget Office](/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office \"Congressional Budget Office\") (CBO), the [Office of Management and Budget](/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget \"Office of Management and Budget\") (OMB) and the [U.S. Treasury Department](/wiki/U.S._Treasury_Department \"U.S. Treasury Department\"). The CBO publishes *The Budget and Economic Outlook* in January, which covers a ten\\-year window and is typically updated in August. It also publishes a *Long\\-Term Budget Outlook* in July and a *Monthly Budget Review*. The OMB, which is responsible for organizing the President's budget presented in February, typically issues a budget update in July. The GAO and the Treasury issue *Financial Statements of the U.S. Government*, usually in the December following the close of the federal fiscal year, which occurs September 30\\. There is a corresponding *Citizen's Guide*, a short summary. The Treasury Department also produces a *Combined Statement of Receipts, Outlays, and Balances* each December for the preceding fiscal year, which provides detailed data on federal financial activities.",
"{{Anchor\\| Historical Tables}}\nHistorical tables within the President's Budget (OMB) provide a wide range of data on federal government finances. Many of the data series begin in 1940 and include estimates of the President's Budget for 2018–2023\\. Additionally, Table 1\\.1 provides data on receipts, outlays, and surpluses or deficits for 1901–1939 and for earlier multi\\-year periods. This document is composed of 17 sections, each of which has one or more tables. Each section covers a common theme. Section 1, for example, provides an overview of the budget and off\\-budget totals; Section 2 provides tables on receipts by source; and Section 3 shows outlays by [function](/wiki/United_States_budget_process%23Budget_functions \"United States budget process#Budget functions\"). When a section contains several tables, the general rule is to start with tables showing the broadest overview data and then work down to more detailed tables. The purpose of these tables is to present a broad range of historical budgetary data in one convenient reference source and to provide relevant comparisons likely to be most useful. The most common comparisons are in terms of proportions (e.g., each major receipt category as a percentage of total receipts and of the gross domestic product).{{cite web\\|url\\=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2011/assets/hist.pdf\\|work\\=\\[\\[Office of Management and Budget]]\\|title\\=Historical Tables: Budget of the U.S. Government 2011\\|via\\=\\[\\[NARA\\|National Archives]]\\|access\\-date\\=November 3, 2018}}",
"### Federal budget projections",
"The [Congressional Budget Office](/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office \"Congressional Budget Office\") (CBO) projects budget data such as revenues, expenses, deficits, and debt as part of its \"Long\\-term Budget Outlook\" which is released annually. The 2018 Outlook included projections for debt through 2048 and beyond. CBO outlined several scenarios that result in a range of outcomes. The \"Extended Baseline\" scenario and \"Extended Alternative Fiscal\" scenario both result in a much higher level of debt relative to the size of the economy (GDP) as the country ages and healthcare costs rise faster than the rate of economic growth. CBO also identified scenarios involving significant austerity measures, which maintain or reduce the debt relative to GDP over time.",
"CBO estimated the size of changes that would be needed to achieve a chosen goal for federal debt. For example, if lawmakers wanted to reduce the amount of debt in 2048 to 41 percent of GDP (its average over the past 50 years), they might cut non\\-interest spending, increase revenues, or take a combination of both approaches to make changes that equaled 3\\.0 percent of GDP each year starting in 2019\\. (In dollar terms, that amount would total about $630 billion in 2019\\.) If, instead, policymakers wanted debt in 2048 to equal its current share of GDP (78 percent), the necessary changes would be smaller (although still substantial), totaling 1\\.9 percent of GDP per year (or about $400 billion in 2019\\). The longer lawmakers waited to act, the larger the policy changes would need to be to reach any particular goal for federal debt.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.cbo.gov/publication/53919\\|title\\=The 2018 Long\\-Term Budget Outlook\\|publisher\\=Congressional Budget Office}}",
""
] |
### Budget authority versus outlays
The amount of budget authority and outlays for a fiscal year usually differ because the government can incur obligations for future years. This means that budget authority from a previous fiscal year can, in many cases, be used for expenditure of funds in future fiscal years; for example, a multi\-year contract.
Budget authority is the legal authority provided by federal law to enter into financial obligations that will result in immediate or future outlays involving federal government funds. Outlays refer to the issuance of checks, disbursement of cash or electronic transfer of funds made to liquidate a federal obligation and is usually synonymous with "expenditure" or "spending". The term "appropriations" refers to budget authority to incur obligations and to make payments from the Treasury for specified purposes. Some military and some housing programs have multi\-year appropriations, in which their budget authority is specified for several coming fiscal years.
In the congressional budgeting process, an "authorization" (technically the "[authorization act](/wiki/Authorization_bill "Authorization bill")") provides the legal authority for the executive branch to act, establishes an account which can receive money to implement the action, and sets a limit on how much money may be expended. However, this account remains empty until Congress approves an "appropriation", which requires the U.S. Treasury to provide funds (up to the limit provided for in the authorization). Congress is not required to appropriate as much money as is authorized.Heniff, Bill and Keith, Robert. *The Federal Budget Process*. Alexandria, Va.: Capitol.Net, 2009, pp. 10–27\.
Congress may both authorize and appropriate in the same bill. Known as "[authorization bills](/wiki/Authorization_bill "Authorization bill")", such legislation usually provides for a multi\-year authorization and appropriation. Authorization bills are particularly useful when funding [entitlement programs](/wiki/Entitlement_program "Entitlement program") (benefits which federal law says an individual has a right to, regardless if any money is appropriated), where estimating the amount of funds to be spent is difficult. Authorization bills are also useful when giving a federal agency the right to borrow money, sign contracts, or provide [loan guarantees](/wiki/Loan_guarantee "Loan guarantee"). In 2007, two\-thirds of all federal spending came through authorization bills.Dewhirst, Robert E. and Rausch, John David. "Authorization Bills". In *Encyclopedia of the United States Congress*. New York: Facts On File, 2007, p. 27\.
A "backdoor authorization" occurs when an appropriation is made and an agency required to spend the money even when no authorizing legislation has been enacted. A "backdoor appropriation" occurs when authorizing legislation requires an agency to spend a specific amount of money on a specific project within a specific period of time. Because the agency would be violating the law if it did not do so, it is required to spend the money—even if no appropriation has been made. Backdoor appropriations are particularly vexsome because removing the appropriation requires amending federal law, which is often politically impossible to do within a short period of time. Backdoor authorizations and appropriations are sources of significant friction in Congress. Authorization and appropriations committees jealously guard their legislative rights, and the congressional budgeting process can break down when committees overstep their boundaries and are retaliated against.Milakovich, Michael E. and Gordon, George J. *Public Administration in America*. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2013, pp. 348–49\.
|
[
"### Budget authority versus outlays",
"The amount of budget authority and outlays for a fiscal year usually differ because the government can incur obligations for future years. This means that budget authority from a previous fiscal year can, in many cases, be used for expenditure of funds in future fiscal years; for example, a multi\\-year contract.",
"Budget authority is the legal authority provided by federal law to enter into financial obligations that will result in immediate or future outlays involving federal government funds. Outlays refer to the issuance of checks, disbursement of cash or electronic transfer of funds made to liquidate a federal obligation and is usually synonymous with \"expenditure\" or \"spending\". The term \"appropriations\" refers to budget authority to incur obligations and to make payments from the Treasury for specified purposes. Some military and some housing programs have multi\\-year appropriations, in which their budget authority is specified for several coming fiscal years.",
"In the congressional budgeting process, an \"authorization\" (technically the \"[authorization act](/wiki/Authorization_bill \"Authorization bill\")\") provides the legal authority for the executive branch to act, establishes an account which can receive money to implement the action, and sets a limit on how much money may be expended. However, this account remains empty until Congress approves an \"appropriation\", which requires the U.S. Treasury to provide funds (up to the limit provided for in the authorization). Congress is not required to appropriate as much money as is authorized.Heniff, Bill and Keith, Robert. *The Federal Budget Process*. Alexandria, Va.: Capitol.Net, 2009, pp. 10–27\\.",
"Congress may both authorize and appropriate in the same bill. Known as \"[authorization bills](/wiki/Authorization_bill \"Authorization bill\")\", such legislation usually provides for a multi\\-year authorization and appropriation. Authorization bills are particularly useful when funding [entitlement programs](/wiki/Entitlement_program \"Entitlement program\") (benefits which federal law says an individual has a right to, regardless if any money is appropriated), where estimating the amount of funds to be spent is difficult. Authorization bills are also useful when giving a federal agency the right to borrow money, sign contracts, or provide [loan guarantees](/wiki/Loan_guarantee \"Loan guarantee\"). In 2007, two\\-thirds of all federal spending came through authorization bills.Dewhirst, Robert E. and Rausch, John David. \"Authorization Bills\". In *Encyclopedia of the United States Congress*. New York: Facts On File, 2007, p. 27\\.",
"A \"backdoor authorization\" occurs when an appropriation is made and an agency required to spend the money even when no authorizing legislation has been enacted. A \"backdoor appropriation\" occurs when authorizing legislation requires an agency to spend a specific amount of money on a specific project within a specific period of time. Because the agency would be violating the law if it did not do so, it is required to spend the money—even if no appropriation has been made. Backdoor appropriations are particularly vexsome because removing the appropriation requires amending federal law, which is often politically impossible to do within a short period of time. Backdoor authorizations and appropriations are sources of significant friction in Congress. Authorization and appropriations committees jealously guard their legislative rights, and the congressional budgeting process can break down when committees overstep their boundaries and are retaliated against.Milakovich, Michael E. and Gordon, George J. *Public Administration in America*. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2013, pp. 348–49\\.",
""
] |
Major receipt categories
------------------------
{{Main\|Taxation in the United States}}
[thumb\|Breakdown of revenues for US Federal Government in 2023](/wiki/File:2023_US_Federal_Revenues.png "2023 US Federal Revenues.png")
[thumb\|right\|400px\|CBO data on share of U.S. federal revenues collected by tax type from 1967 to 2016\. Payroll taxes, paid by all wage earners, have increased as a share of total federal tax revenues, while corporate taxes have fallen. Income taxes have moved in a range, with Presidents Reagan and G.W. Bush lowering income tax rates, and Clinton and Obama raising them for the top incomes.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52801\|title\=An Update to the Budget and Economic Outlook: 2017 to 2027 \- Congressional Budget Office\|website\=www.cbo.gov\|access\-date\=November 3, 2018}}](/wiki/File:Tax_Revenue_-_Category_Pct_to_Total.png "Tax Revenue - Category Pct to Total.png")
[thumb\|right\|400px\|CBO charts describing about $1\.0 trillion in tax expenditures during 2013 (i.e., exemptions, deductions, and preferential rates) and their distribution across income groups. The top 20% of income earners received 50% of the benefit from these tax breaks; they also pay approximately 70% of federal income taxes.](/wiki/File:CBO_tax_expenditures_panel_v1.png "CBO tax expenditures panel v1.png")
During FY2018, the federal government collected approximately $3\.33 trillion in tax revenue, up $14 billion or less than 1% versus FY2017\. Primary receipt categories included individual income taxes ($1,684B or 51% of total receipts), Social Security/Social Insurance taxes ($1,171B or 35%), and corporate taxes ($205B or 6%). Corporate tax revenues declined by $92 billion or 32% due to the [Tax Cuts and Jobs Act](/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act"). Other revenue types included excise, estate and gift taxes. FY 2018 revenues were 16\.4% of [gross domestic product](/wiki/Gross_domestic_product "Gross domestic product") (GDP), versus 17\.2% in FY 2017\.[CBO Monthly Budget Review\-November 2018](https://www.cbo.gov/publication/54647) Tax revenues averaged approximately 17\.4% GDP over the 1980\-2017 period.
During FY2017, the federal government collected approximately $3\.32 trillion in tax revenue, up $48 billion or 1\.5% versus FY2016\. Primary receipt categories included individual income taxes ($1,587B or 48% of total receipts), Social Security/Social Insurance taxes ($1,162B or 35%), and corporate taxes ($297B or 9%). Other revenue types included excise, estate and gift taxes. FY 2017 revenues were 17\.3% of [gross domestic product](/wiki/Gross_domestic_product "Gross domestic product") (GDP), versus 17\.7% in FY 2016\. Tax revenues averaged approximately 17\.4% GDP over the 1980\-2017 period.
Tax revenues are significantly affected by the economy. Recessions typically reduce government tax collections as economic activity slows. For example, tax revenues declined from $2\.5 trillion in 2008 to $2\.1 trillion in 2009, and remained at that level in 2010\. From 2008 to 2009, individual income taxes declined 20%, while corporate taxes declined 50%. At 14\.6% of GDP, the 2009 and 2010 collections were the lowest level of the past 50 years.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52370\|title\=The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2017 to 2027\|work\=Congressional Budget Office}}
### Tax policy
#### Tax descriptions
The federal personal income tax is [progressive](/wiki/Progressive_tax "Progressive tax"), meaning a higher marginal tax rate is applied to higher ranges of income. For example, in 2010 the tax rate that applied to the first $17,000 in taxable income for a couple filing jointly was 10%, while the rate applied to income over $379,150 was 35%. The top marginal tax rate has declined considerably since 1980\. For example, the top tax rate was lowered from 70% to 50% in 1980 and reached as low as 28% in 1988\. The [Bush tax cuts](/wiki/Bush_tax_cuts "Bush tax cuts") of 2001 and 2003, extended by President Obama in 2010, lowered the top rate from 39\.6% to 35%.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.taxfoundation.org/publications/show/151\.html\|title\=U.S. Federal Individual Income Tax Rates History, 1862\-2013 (Nominal and Inflation\-Adjusted Brackets)\|publisher\=Tax Foundation}} The [American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012](/wiki/American_Taxpayer_Relief_Act_of_2012 "American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012") raised the income tax rates for individuals earning over $400,000 and couples over $450,000\. There are numerous exemptions and deductions, that typically result in a range of 35–40% of U.S. households owing no federal income tax. The recession and tax cut stimulus measures increased this to 51% for 2009, versus 38% in 2007\.{{cite web\|url\=http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa\=view\&id\=3505\|title\=Misconceptions and Realities About Who Pays Taxes}} In 2011 it was found that 46% of households paid no federal income tax, however the top 1% contributed about 25% of total taxes collected.{{Cite journal\|url\=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/85945430\|title\=America's Storied History Is a Compelling Budget Story \|last\=McAllister \|first\=Shelly\|date\=Spring 2013\|journal\=Public Manager\|access\-date\=September 25, 2015}} In 2014, the top 1% paid approximately 46% of the federal income taxes, excluding payroll taxes.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/04/13/top\-1\-pay\-nearly\-half\-of\-federal\-income\-taxes.html\|title\=Top 1% pay nearly half of federal income taxes\|first\=Robert\|last\=Frank\|website\=\[\[CNBC]] \|date\=April 14, 2015\|access\-date\=November 3, 2018}}
The federal payroll tax ([FICA](/wiki/Federal_Insurance_Contributions_Act_tax "Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax")) partially funds Social Security and Medicare. For the Social Security portion, employers and employees each pay 6\.2% of the workers gross pay, a total of 12\.4%. The Social Security portion is capped at $118,500 for 2015, meaning income above this amount is not subject to the tax. It is a [flat tax](/wiki/Flat_tax "Flat tax") up to the cap, but regressive overall as it is not applied to higher incomes. The Medicare portion is also paid by employer and employee each at 1\.45% and is not capped. Starting in 2013, an additional 0\.9 percent more in Medicare taxes was applied to income of more than $200,000 ($250,000 for married couples filing jointly), making it a progressive tax overall.
For calendar years 2011 and 2012, the employee's portion of the payroll tax was reduced to 4\.2% as an economic stimulus measure; this expired for 2013\.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.irs.gov/publications/p15/ar02\.html\|title\=Publication 15 (2016\) Employer's Tax Guide}} Approximately 65% percent of tax return filers pay more in payroll taxes than income taxes.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.vox.com/2015/4/15/8421721/taxes\-charts\|title\=9 charts that explain taxes in America\|author\=Dara Lind\|date\=April 15, 2015\|work\=Vox}}
#### Tax expenditures
The term "tax expenditures" refers to income exclusions, deductions, preferential rates, and credits that reduce revenues for any given level of tax rates in the individual, payroll, and corporate income tax systems. Like conventional spending, they contribute to the federal budget deficit. They also influence choices about working, saving, and investing, and affect the distribution of income. The amount of reduced federal revenues are significant, estimated by CBO at nearly 8% GDP or about $1\.5 trillion in 2017, for scale roughly half the revenue collected by the government and nearly three times as large as the budget deficit. Since eliminating a tax expenditure changes economic behavior, the amount of additional revenue that would be generated is somewhat less than the estimated size of the tax expenditure.
CBO reported that the following were among the largest individual (non\-corporate) tax expenditures in 2013:
* $248B – The exclusion from workers’ taxable income of employers’ contributions for health care, health insurance premiums, and premiums for long\-term care insurance;
* $137B – The exclusion of contributions to and the earnings of pension funds such as 401k plans;
* $161B – Preferential tax rates on dividends and long\-term capital gains;
* $77B – The deductions for state and local taxes;
* $70B – The deductions for mortgage interest.
In 2013, CBO estimated that more than half of the combined benefits of 10 major tax expenditures would apply to households in the top 20% income group, and that 17% of the benefit would go to the top 1% households. The top 20% of income earners pay about 70% of federal income taxes, excluding payroll taxes.{{cite web\|url\=https://www.cbo.gov/publication/43768\|title\=The Distribution of Major Tax Expenditures in the Individual Income Tax System\|publisher\=CBO}} For scale, 50% of the $1\.5 trillion in tax expenditures in 2016 was $750 billion, while the U.S. budget deficit was approximately $600 billion. In other words, eliminating the tax expenditures for the top 20% might balance the budget over the short\-term, depending on economic feedback effects.
|
[
"Major receipt categories\n------------------------",
"{{Main\\|Taxation in the United States}}\n[thumb\\|Breakdown of revenues for US Federal Government in 2023](/wiki/File:2023_US_Federal_Revenues.png \"2023 US Federal Revenues.png\")\n[thumb\\|right\\|400px\\|CBO data on share of U.S. federal revenues collected by tax type from 1967 to 2016\\. Payroll taxes, paid by all wage earners, have increased as a share of total federal tax revenues, while corporate taxes have fallen. Income taxes have moved in a range, with Presidents Reagan and G.W. Bush lowering income tax rates, and Clinton and Obama raising them for the top incomes.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52801\\|title\\=An Update to the Budget and Economic Outlook: 2017 to 2027 \\- Congressional Budget Office\\|website\\=www.cbo.gov\\|access\\-date\\=November 3, 2018}}](/wiki/File:Tax_Revenue_-_Category_Pct_to_Total.png \"Tax Revenue - Category Pct to Total.png\")\n[thumb\\|right\\|400px\\|CBO charts describing about $1\\.0 trillion in tax expenditures during 2013 (i.e., exemptions, deductions, and preferential rates) and their distribution across income groups. The top 20% of income earners received 50% of the benefit from these tax breaks; they also pay approximately 70% of federal income taxes.](/wiki/File:CBO_tax_expenditures_panel_v1.png \"CBO tax expenditures panel v1.png\")",
"During FY2018, the federal government collected approximately $3\\.33 trillion in tax revenue, up $14 billion or less than 1% versus FY2017\\. Primary receipt categories included individual income taxes ($1,684B or 51% of total receipts), Social Security/Social Insurance taxes ($1,171B or 35%), and corporate taxes ($205B or 6%). Corporate tax revenues declined by $92 billion or 32% due to the [Tax Cuts and Jobs Act](/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act \"Tax Cuts and Jobs Act\"). Other revenue types included excise, estate and gift taxes. FY 2018 revenues were 16\\.4% of [gross domestic product](/wiki/Gross_domestic_product \"Gross domestic product\") (GDP), versus 17\\.2% in FY 2017\\.[CBO Monthly Budget Review\\-November 2018](https://www.cbo.gov/publication/54647) Tax revenues averaged approximately 17\\.4% GDP over the 1980\\-2017 period.",
"During FY2017, the federal government collected approximately $3\\.32 trillion in tax revenue, up $48 billion or 1\\.5% versus FY2016\\. Primary receipt categories included individual income taxes ($1,587B or 48% of total receipts), Social Security/Social Insurance taxes ($1,162B or 35%), and corporate taxes ($297B or 9%). Other revenue types included excise, estate and gift taxes. FY 2017 revenues were 17\\.3% of [gross domestic product](/wiki/Gross_domestic_product \"Gross domestic product\") (GDP), versus 17\\.7% in FY 2016\\. Tax revenues averaged approximately 17\\.4% GDP over the 1980\\-2017 period.",
"Tax revenues are significantly affected by the economy. Recessions typically reduce government tax collections as economic activity slows. For example, tax revenues declined from $2\\.5 trillion in 2008 to $2\\.1 trillion in 2009, and remained at that level in 2010\\. From 2008 to 2009, individual income taxes declined 20%, while corporate taxes declined 50%. At 14\\.6% of GDP, the 2009 and 2010 collections were the lowest level of the past 50 years.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52370\\|title\\=The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2017 to 2027\\|work\\=Congressional Budget Office}}",
"### Tax policy",
"#### Tax descriptions",
"The federal personal income tax is [progressive](/wiki/Progressive_tax \"Progressive tax\"), meaning a higher marginal tax rate is applied to higher ranges of income. For example, in 2010 the tax rate that applied to the first $17,000 in taxable income for a couple filing jointly was 10%, while the rate applied to income over $379,150 was 35%. The top marginal tax rate has declined considerably since 1980\\. For example, the top tax rate was lowered from 70% to 50% in 1980 and reached as low as 28% in 1988\\. The [Bush tax cuts](/wiki/Bush_tax_cuts \"Bush tax cuts\") of 2001 and 2003, extended by President Obama in 2010, lowered the top rate from 39\\.6% to 35%.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.taxfoundation.org/publications/show/151\\.html\\|title\\=U.S. Federal Individual Income Tax Rates History, 1862\\-2013 (Nominal and Inflation\\-Adjusted Brackets)\\|publisher\\=Tax Foundation}} The [American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012](/wiki/American_Taxpayer_Relief_Act_of_2012 \"American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012\") raised the income tax rates for individuals earning over $400,000 and couples over $450,000\\. There are numerous exemptions and deductions, that typically result in a range of 35–40% of U.S. households owing no federal income tax. The recession and tax cut stimulus measures increased this to 51% for 2009, versus 38% in 2007\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa\\=view\\&id\\=3505\\|title\\=Misconceptions and Realities About Who Pays Taxes}} In 2011 it was found that 46% of households paid no federal income tax, however the top 1% contributed about 25% of total taxes collected.{{Cite journal\\|url\\=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/85945430\\|title\\=America's Storied History Is a Compelling Budget Story \\|last\\=McAllister \\|first\\=Shelly\\|date\\=Spring 2013\\|journal\\=Public Manager\\|access\\-date\\=September 25, 2015}} In 2014, the top 1% paid approximately 46% of the federal income taxes, excluding payroll taxes.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/04/13/top\\-1\\-pay\\-nearly\\-half\\-of\\-federal\\-income\\-taxes.html\\|title\\=Top 1% pay nearly half of federal income taxes\\|first\\=Robert\\|last\\=Frank\\|website\\=\\[\\[CNBC]] \\|date\\=April 14, 2015\\|access\\-date\\=November 3, 2018}}",
"The federal payroll tax ([FICA](/wiki/Federal_Insurance_Contributions_Act_tax \"Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax\")) partially funds Social Security and Medicare. For the Social Security portion, employers and employees each pay 6\\.2% of the workers gross pay, a total of 12\\.4%. The Social Security portion is capped at $118,500 for 2015, meaning income above this amount is not subject to the tax. It is a [flat tax](/wiki/Flat_tax \"Flat tax\") up to the cap, but regressive overall as it is not applied to higher incomes. The Medicare portion is also paid by employer and employee each at 1\\.45% and is not capped. Starting in 2013, an additional 0\\.9 percent more in Medicare taxes was applied to income of more than $200,000 ($250,000 for married couples filing jointly), making it a progressive tax overall.",
"For calendar years 2011 and 2012, the employee's portion of the payroll tax was reduced to 4\\.2% as an economic stimulus measure; this expired for 2013\\.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.irs.gov/publications/p15/ar02\\.html\\|title\\=Publication 15 (2016\\) Employer's Tax Guide}} Approximately 65% percent of tax return filers pay more in payroll taxes than income taxes.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.vox.com/2015/4/15/8421721/taxes\\-charts\\|title\\=9 charts that explain taxes in America\\|author\\=Dara Lind\\|date\\=April 15, 2015\\|work\\=Vox}}",
"#### Tax expenditures",
"The term \"tax expenditures\" refers to income exclusions, deductions, preferential rates, and credits that reduce revenues for any given level of tax rates in the individual, payroll, and corporate income tax systems. Like conventional spending, they contribute to the federal budget deficit. They also influence choices about working, saving, and investing, and affect the distribution of income. The amount of reduced federal revenues are significant, estimated by CBO at nearly 8% GDP or about $1\\.5 trillion in 2017, for scale roughly half the revenue collected by the government and nearly three times as large as the budget deficit. Since eliminating a tax expenditure changes economic behavior, the amount of additional revenue that would be generated is somewhat less than the estimated size of the tax expenditure.",
"CBO reported that the following were among the largest individual (non\\-corporate) tax expenditures in 2013:\n* $248B – The exclusion from workers’ taxable income of employers’ contributions for health care, health insurance premiums, and premiums for long\\-term care insurance;\n* $137B – The exclusion of contributions to and the earnings of pension funds such as 401k plans;\n* $161B – Preferential tax rates on dividends and long\\-term capital gains;\n* $77B – The deductions for state and local taxes;\n* $70B – The deductions for mortgage interest.",
"In 2013, CBO estimated that more than half of the combined benefits of 10 major tax expenditures would apply to households in the top 20% income group, and that 17% of the benefit would go to the top 1% households. The top 20% of income earners pay about 70% of federal income taxes, excluding payroll taxes.{{cite web\\|url\\=https://www.cbo.gov/publication/43768\\|title\\=The Distribution of Major Tax Expenditures in the Individual Income Tax System\\|publisher\\=CBO}} For scale, 50% of the $1\\.5 trillion in tax expenditures in 2016 was $750 billion, while the U.S. budget deficit was approximately $600 billion. In other words, eliminating the tax expenditures for the top 20% might balance the budget over the short\\-term, depending on economic feedback effects.",
""
] |
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