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### Instruction:
Does postural stability differentiate `` lower body '' from idiopathic parkinsonism?
### Response:
| We conclude, that postural adjustments in LBP patients are more disturbed than those in PD patients and posturography can be an additional tool for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson syndromes with gait disorders. |
### Instruction:
Does elimination of potential mutagenicity in platelet concentrate that are virally inactivated with psoralens and ultraviolet A light?
### Response:
| These results suggest that hydrophobic resin adsorption of PUVA-treated PCs will conveniently remove functional psoralens and eliminates their mutagenic potential. |
### Instruction:
Do blood group A immunodeterminants on human red cells differ in biologic activity and sensitivity to alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase?
### Response:
| RBC epitopes of blood group A differ in susceptibility to cleavage and biologic reactivity, which suggests that subsets mediating important biologic functions exist on functionally and topographically distinct membrane glycoconjugates. |
### Instruction:
Do clinical decision rules discriminate between fractures and nonfractures in acute isolated knee trauma?
### Response:
| Clinical decision rules are effective in detecting knee fractures with 100% sensitivity and with sufficient specificity to eliminate 29% of knee radiographs in the ED. These findings require prospective validation. |
### Instruction:
Do urology peer review at the National Institutes of Health?
### Response:
| The lack of urological expertise represented on the NIH study sections reviewing basic and clinical urological research grant applications has far reaching ramifications. Consequently, grant applications on genitourinary diseases that commonly afflict a preponderance of Americans are inadequately reviewed at the NIH. O... |
### Instruction:
Is the major dermatomyositis-specific Mi-2 autoantigen a presumed helicase involved in transcriptional activation?
### Response:
| The molecular characterization of the 218-kd Mi-2 antigen may contribute to our understanding of autoimmune phenomena in DM. The use of immunoreactive recombinant proteins allows structural and functional studies of the helicase and the development of sensitive and accurate antibody screening tests. |
### Instruction:
Is a subset of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion deficient in transforming growth factor beta-2-producing `` suppressor cells '' in uterine tissue near the placental attachment site?
### Response:
| Suppressor cell deficiency is compatible with a role for rejection and/or trophoblast failure in some patients with recurrent miscarriage. Presence of suppressor cells in most patients with missed abortion (4/5) is compatible with an alternative cause of fetal death, similar to findings reported in genetic fetal death ... |
### Instruction:
Are the angiotensin sensitivity test and low-dose aspirin ineffective methods to predict and prevent hypertensive disorders in nulliparous pregnancy?
### Response:
| The angiotensin sensitivity test is not an effective screening test for preeclampsia, and low-dose aspirin does not prevent preeclampsia when commenced at 28 weeks' gestation in angiotensin II-sensitive women. |
### Instruction:
Is enrollment in the Health Alliance Plan HMO an independent risk factor for coronary artery bypass graft surgery?
### Response:
| These data refute the notion that the gate-keeper mentality often associated with managed-care health insurance vehicles results in delayed referral of patients with coronary artery disease and results in suboptimal outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis protect the isolated working rabbit heart from ischaemia-reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| These results suggest that: (1) the recovery of mechanical function of hearts subjected to ischaemia-reperfusion injury can be improved by modulation of myocardial NO synthesis, (2) inhibition of NO synthesis (with L-NAME or L-NMMA) may offer prolonged protection whereas its stimulation (with L-arginine) provides only ... |
### Instruction:
Does catalase inhibition with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole abolish infarct size reduction in heat-shocked rats?
### Response:
| Catalase inhibition with 3-AT does not abolish the reduction of infarct size in heat-shocked rats. |
### Instruction:
Does tissue factor mediate prolonged procoagulant activity on the luminal surface of balloon-injured aortas in rabbits?
### Response:
| Tissue factor-mediated coagulation appears to be primarily responsible for prolonged procoagulant activity of balloon-injured arteries. |
### Instruction:
Do saline soaked pledgets prevent carbon dioxide laser-induced endotracheal tube cuff ignition?
### Response:
| Under the conditions of this experiment, saline soaked pledgets protected PVC endotracheal tube cuffs from the CO2 laser. |
### Instruction:
Does high glucose alter actin assembly in glomerular mesangial and epithelial cells?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that high glucose alters actin assembly in both glomerular mesangial and epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo, possibly contributing to cellular dysfunction in early diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Is hepatocyte growth factor a potent mitogen for normal human pancreas cells in vitro?
### Response:
| These results suggest that HGF and c-met may play a role in growth regulation in this organ. |
### Instruction:
Does simultaneous exposure to nicotine and hyperoxia cause tumors in hamsters?
### Response:
| Our data support the hypothesis that chronic stimulation of the nAChR in an environment of impaired pulmonary oxygenation contributes to the carcinogenic burden associated with exposure to cigarette smoke and provides selective growth advantage for lung tumors with a neuroendocrine phenotype. |
### Instruction:
Is helicobacter pylori infection associated with low antral somatostatin content in young adults . Implications for the pathogenesis of hypergastrinemia?
### Response:
| Low antral somatostatin content may cause hypergastrinemia in asymptomatic healthy volunteers, and H. pylori may contribute to the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer, through this mechanism. |
### Instruction:
Are nitric oxide concentrations increased in the fetoplacental circulation in preeclampsia?
### Response:
| Total nitrites are increased in the fetoplacental circulation in preeclampsia. These results support the hypothesis that increased nitric oxide production may be a compensatory response to improve blood flow or may play a role in limiting platelet adhesion and aggregation. |
### Instruction:
Are boys but not girls with T-lineage acute lymphocytic leukemia ( ALL ) different from children with B-progenitor ALL . Population-based data results of initial prognostic factors and long-term event-free survival . Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group?
### Response:
| The long-term outcome following identical treatment of both genders was significantly better in girls with T-lineage ALL than in boys. Girls with T-lineage ALL, but not boys with T-lineage ALL, had a prognostic outcome similar to children with B-progenitor ALL. |
### Instruction:
Does intracoronary low-dose beta-irradiation inhibit neointima formation after coronary artery balloon injury in the swine restenosis model?
### Response:
| Administration of endovascular beta-radiation to the site of coronary arterial overstretch balloon injury in pigs with 90Sr/Y is technically feasible and safe. Radiation doses between 7 and 56 Gy showed evidence of inhibition of neointima formation. A dose-response relation was demonstrated, but no further inhibitory e... |
### Instruction:
Is the Ib phase of ventricular arrhythmias in ischemic in situ porcine heart related to changes in cell-to-cell electrical coupling . Experimental Cardiology Group , University of North Carolina?
### Response:
| In the regionally ischemic in situ porcine heart, loss of cell-to-cell electrical interaction is related to the occurrence of VF and changes in the amplitude of the injury current. Cellular electrical uncoupling contributes to failure of impulse propagation in the setting of altered tissue excitability as a result of e... |
### Instruction:
Is cessation of antibiotics regardless of ANC safe in children with febrile neutropenia . A preliminary prospective trial?
### Response:
| Results of this preliminary trial suggest that cessation of antibiotics regardless of ANC is safe in cases of FN without identifiable source, provided that marrow is not infiltrated and that recurrent fever receives prompt antibiotic retreatment. |
### Instruction:
Does plasma endothelin correlate with antiendothelial antibodies in patients with mixed connective tissue disease?
### Response:
| This study showed that mixed connective tissue disease is associated with elevated plasma immunoreactive endothelin-1 and that endothelin-1 levels significantly correlate with antiendothelial autoantibodies. These findings suggest that increases in plasma endothelin-1 concentration may be secondary to vascular injury a... |
### Instruction:
Is decortication a valuable option for late empyema after collapse therapy?
### Response:
| We conclude that decortication may provide a one-stage cure avoiding the hazards of extrapleural pneumonectomy; the nonfunctioning remaining lung may resolve the space problem. |
### Instruction:
Is the cell proliferation-associated protein Ki-67 a target of autoantibodies in the serum of MRL mice?
### Response:
| Protein Ki-67 joins the proliferating cell nuclear Ag (PCNA) as an example of a cell proliferation-associated protein that is a target of autoantibodies. The presence of anti-pKi-67 Ab in MRL mice, but not other autoimmune mice, suggests that anti-pKi-67 Ab may be specific markers for the systemic lupus erythematosus-l... |
### Instruction:
Is embryo-associated immunosuppressor factor produced at the maternal-fetal interface in human pregnancy?
### Response:
| Monoclonal antibody H5D12 identifies a factor that is produced by the pre-implantation embryo and also synthesized by decidua and trophoblast cells. |
### Instruction:
Does screening scale predict patients successfully receiving long-term implantable left ventricular assist devices?
### Response:
| The RFSS is simple, easy to apply, and statistically valid. Physicians could use the scale as a starting point in discussing the suitability for LVAD implantation in a specific patient and as a basis for comparing patient outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Do different molecular forms of basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) accelerate duodenal ulcer healing in rats?
### Response:
| 1) Oral administration of novel derivatives of hrbFGF accelerated the healing of cysteamine-induced chronic duodenal ulcer. 2) The PEG-hrbFGF derivative was more active than the other hrbFGF analogs. 3) The naturally occurring bFGF provides a good prototype to design new locally acting antiulcer drugs. |
### Instruction:
Is second polar body extrusion highly predictive for oocyte fertilization as soon as 3 hr after intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI )?
### Response:
| Oocytes can be checked, in all safety, 3 hr after a single sperm injection for the presence of a second polar to predict oocyte fertilization with a high certainty. |
### Instruction:
Is cell-mediated immune response better preserved by laparoscopy than laparotomy?
### Response:
| Cellular immunity is preserved after carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum compared with extraperitoneal incisions and laparotomy as measured by DTH and the ability to reject an immunogenictumor. |
### Instruction:
Does nicotine induce platelet-derived growth factor release and cytoskeletal alteration in aortic smooth muscle cells?
### Response:
| Nicotine enhanced the release of platelet-derived growth, which in turn caused an alteration in cytoskeletal organization. |
### Instruction:
Is risk of advanced diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes associated with endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism?
### Response:
| The findings of the case-control and family-based studies demonstrate clearly that DNA sequence differences in eNOS influence the risk of advanced nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Do prenatal or early postnatal events predict infectious deaths in young adulthood in rural Africa?
### Response:
| Early life exposures, correlated with season of birth, strongly influence susceptibility to fatal infections in young adulthood. The evidence suggests that nutritionally-mediated intrauterine growth retardation may permanently impair the development of immune function. |
### Instruction:
Does sTAT3 mediate IL-6-induced neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer cells?
### Response:
| These results indicate that STAT3 is a mediator of both NE differentiation and growth inhibition in LNCaP and PC-3, suggesting a connection between growth inhibition and NE differentiation in prostate cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does testicular volume predict germ cell count in patients with cryptorchidism?
### Response:
| Testicular volume does not accurately predict the germ cell count in patients with undescended testes, cannot be used to select patients for post-orchiopexy hormonal therapy and cannot replace testicular biopsy in the modern management of cryptorchidism. |
### Instruction:
Are not all rods Harrington - an overview of spinal instrumentation in scoliosis treatment?
### Response:
| An overview of spinal instrumentation in scoliosis treatment will allow better understanding of the purposes of the hardware and how it relates to the spine. |
### Instruction:
Do comparison of noise levels caused by four different neonatal high-frequency ventilators?
### Response:
| Most levels recorded were below those measured within an incubator without the use of a ventilator. We conclude that neonatal high-frequency ventilators do not represent a major contribution to noise levels for newborns in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). |
### Instruction:
Do hemodynamic effects of synchronized high-frequency jet ventilation compared with low-frequency intermittent positive-pressure ventilation after myocardial revascularization?
### Response:
| The authors conclude that after coronary artery bypass graft, if gas-exchange values are maintained within normal range, sync-HFJV does not result in more favorable hemodynamic support than controlled mechanical ventilation. These findings contrast with the beneficial effects of sync-HFJV, resulting in marked hypocapni... |
### Instruction:
Do neuromuscular effects of mivacurium in 2- to 12-yr-old children with burn injury?
### Response:
| A normal mivacurium dosage (0.2 mg/kg) effects good relaxation conditions in burned patients, with an onset time similar to that in controls. This finding contrasts with the response seen with other nondepolarizing drugs, higher doses of which are required to effect paralysis. The decreased metabolism of mivacurium, re... |
### Instruction:
Is limited exposure of the healthy distal colon to orally-dosed formulation further exaggerated in active left-sided ulcerative colitis?
### Response:
| Delayed release oral formulation is asymmetrically distributed within the colon in health. This asymmetry is exaggerated in active left-sided ulcerative colitis and, together with faster colonic transit, results in reduced exposure of the distal colon to orally-dosed topical agents. |
### Instruction:
Does flumazenil induce benzodiazepine partial agonist-like effects in BALB/c but not C57BL/6 mice?
### Response:
| Flumazenil induces partial agonist-like effects in BALB/c and not in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting a possible benzodiazepine receptor set point shift toward the agonistic direction in some pathological anxiety states such as generalised anxiety disorder. |
### Instruction:
Is self-administration of intravenous amphetamine predicted by individual differences in sucrose feeding in rats?
### Response:
| These data support the notion that individual differences in oral sucrose consumption are predictive of the reinforcing properties of psychostimulant drugs. |
### Instruction:
Is the ocular hypotensive effect of late pregnancy higher in multigravidae than in primigravidae?
### Response:
| Gravidity influences IOP and should be taken into account in future research. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase enhance subretinal fluid absorption and retinal adhesiveness?
### Response:
| Since benzolamide had effects similar to acetazolamide, inhibition of membrane-bound CA appears to be sufficient to enhance subretinal fluid absorption and retinal adhesiveness. Membrane-specific CA inhibitors may therefore be of clinical value if they minimize side-effects from intracellular CA inhibition. |
### Instruction:
Do premenarcheal gymnasts possess higher bone mineral density than controls?
### Response:
| Premenarcheal gymnasts have higher BMD than age-, height-, and weight-matched controls. |
### Instruction:
Do certain batches of albumin solutions influence the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules?
### Response:
| Some albumin solutions directly modulate adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells. This may, at least in part, explain the previous finding of increased soluble adhesion molecules and a decreased PO2/FIO2 ratio in critically ill patients undergoing volume replacement with human albumin. |
### Instruction:
Do human melanoma-associated retinopathy ( MAR ) antibodies alter the retinal ON-response of the monkey ERG in vivo?
### Response:
| Intravitreal injection of human MAR IgG altered the monkey ERG acutely in ways that implicate functional disruption of retinal DBC signaling. These results support the hypothesis that MAR IgG circulating antibodies are responsible for the reported visual symptoms. Bipolar cells in the ON-pathway appear to be affected m... |
### Instruction:
Is galectin-3 associated with the plasma membrane of lens fiber cells?
### Response:
| The detection of galectin-3 in the lens is a novel result and adds to the growing list of lens proteins with adhesive properties. Its location at the fiber cell membrane and its association with the junction-forming MP20 is consistent with a potential role in the development or maintenance of the tightly packed lens ti... |
### Instruction:
Does autosomal dominant macular atrophy at 6q14 exclude CORD7 and MCDR1/PBCRA loci?
### Response:
| These results implicate at least three genetically distinct loci for forms of macular degeneration that lie within a 30-cM interval on chromosome 6p11-6q16: CORD7, adMD, and MCDR1/PBCRA. Because the critical interval for the adMD family studied overlaps with STGD3 and RP25, these loci could be allelic. |
### Instruction:
Is the early supra-additive apoptotic response of R3327-G prostate tumors to androgen ablation and radiation sustained with multiple fractions?
### Response:
| The early supra-additive apoptotic response from AA and single fraction radiation is not seen at high single fraction doses and is not sustained with repeated fractions. Therefore, the classical apoptotic response that occurs within 24 h of irradiation is not likely to be the main mechanism responsible for any clinical... |
### Instruction:
Does epidermal growth factor receptor expression have no independent prognostic significance in advanced ovarian cancer?
### Response:
| EGFR status was found to be of no independent prognostic or predictive significance in this large group of uniformly treated stage III ovarian cancer patients. |
### Instruction:
Do plasma levels of the three endothelial-specific proteins von Willebrand factor , tissue factor pathway inhibitor , and thrombomodulin predict the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome?
### Response:
| Plasma levels of vWF, TFPI and TM did not appear to serve as useful markers for predicting ARDS in patients at risk. |
### Instruction:
Do medium-chain triglycerides modulate ileitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid?
### Response:
| These results suggested that TNBS enteritis might be useful as an IBD animal model and that MCT modulates intestinal inflammation and is less damaging than LCT. |
### Instruction:
Is activation of integrin receptors required for growth factor-induced smooth muscle cell dysfunction?
### Response:
| The alpha v beta 3 integrin is required for growth factor- and cytokine-induced SMC proliferation and FN production, whereas alpha 2 beta 1 is not. Since activation of alpha v beta 3 is required for the activity of at least four distinct growth factors and cytokines, inhibition of this integrin might be used as a thera... |
### Instruction:
Does a nontoxic diphtheria toxin analogue inhibit neonatal bladder smooth muscle cell proliferation?
### Response:
| CRM 197 inhibits bladder smooth muscle cell proliferation in a dose dependent, nontoxic fashion through its interaction with HB-EGF. These data suggest that molecular strategies designed to inhibit HB-EGF mediated cell growth may prove beneficial for the prevention and/or treatment of detrusor hypertrophy secondary to ... |
### Instruction:
Is increased sinusoidal pressure associated with early liver weight gain in ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated perfused rat liver?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that increased sinusoidal pressure contributes to only the early liver weight gain after reperfusion in isolated perfused rat livers. The late weight gain may be presumably due to liver injury. |
### Instruction:
Is fracture risk increased in Crohn 's disease , but not in ulcerative colitis?
### Response:
| An increased risk of low energy fractures was observed in female patients with Crohn's disease, but not in male patients with Crohn's disease or in patients with ulcerative colitis. |
### Instruction:
Is mucin secretion modulated by luminal factors in the isolated vascularly perfused rat colon?
### Response:
| Two algal polysaccharides (alginate and ulvan), two uronic acids (glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid), and the short chain fatty acids acetate and butyrate induce mucin secretion in rat colon. Taken together, these data suggest that some food constituents and their fermentation products may regulate the secretory fu... |
### Instruction:
Does crystal structure of the actin-binding region of utrophin reveal a head-to-tail dimer?
### Response:
| The crystal structure of the actin-binding region of utrophin suggests that these actin-binding domains may be more flexible than was previously thought and that this flexibility may allow domain reorganisation and play a role in the actin-binding mechanism. Thus utrophin could possibly bind to actin in an extended con... |
### Instruction:
Is color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity a preload insensitive index of left ventricular relaxation : animal and human validation?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that color M-mode Doppler v(p) is not affected by preload alterations and confirms that LV relaxation is its main physiologic determinant in both animals during varying lusitropic conditions and in humans with heart disease. |
### Instruction:
Is p53 overexpression associated with bulky tumor and poor local control in T1 glottic cancer?
### Response:
| Both p53 overexpression and tumor bulk are independent prognostic factors for local control in early-stage glottic cancer treated with curative radiotherapy. The precise relationship between a genetic event, the p53 mutation, and an observable phenotype expression such as tumor bulk needs to be further defined. |
### Instruction:
Do natural killer cells prevent direct anterior-to-posterior spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the eye?
### Response:
| NK cells were activated within 5 days after AC inoculation of the KOS strain of HSV-1. Activation of NK cells appears to play a role in preventing direct anterior-to-posterior spread of the virus in the inoculated eye which, in turn, protects the retina of this eye and helps to explain why the architecture of the retin... |
### Instruction:
Does beta-lapachone induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells?
### Response:
| beta-Lapachone induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells through a p53-independent pathway. For human colon cancers, which often contain p53 mutations, beta-lapachone may prove to be a promising anticancer agent that can target cancer cells, especially those with mutant p53. |
### Instruction:
Does administration of SIN-1 induce guinea pig airway hyperresponsiveness through inactivation of airway neutral endopeptidase?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that peroxynitrite induces airway hyperresponsiveness to SP and ET-1 through the inactivation of airway NEP, and that peroxynitrite is an important mediator of the alterations in airway functions. |
### Instruction:
Does hormone replacement therapy reduce mean 24-hour blood pressure and its variability in postmenopausal women with treated hypertension?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrate that HRT may have a role in decreasing the severity of hypertension, and the mechanism of its action might be through calcium channels. |
### Instruction:
Is the tumor-associated shift in immunoglobulin G1/G2 expressed at the messenger RNA level of peripheral blood B lymphocytes in patients with gynecologic malignancies?
### Response:
| These data suggest that the shifts in the serum patterns of IgG1 and IgG2 observed in patients with gynecologic malignancies are due to irregular biosynthesis of these IgG subclasses at the B-cell level. |
### Instruction:
Do nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers inhibit the serotonin-type 3A receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes?
### Response:
| Muscle nicotinic acetylcholine and serotonin-type 3A (5-HT(3A)) receptors are similar. Therefore neuromuscular relaxants may block 5-HT(3A) receptors. Our pharmacological study demonstrates that neuromuscular relaxants, as with ondansetron, are 5-HT(3A) receptor antagonists. It is likely that certain neuromuscular rela... |
### Instruction:
Is increased incidence of anti-cardiolipin antibodies in patients with hepatitis C associated with aetiopathogenetic link to anti-phospholipid syndrome?
### Response:
| A significant proportion of HCV patients (37.3%) had detectable anti-CL of low titre. However, this finding was not associated with the development of APLS. On the other hand, none of the APLS patients was positive for HCV. Taken together, our data rather failed to reveal an aetiopathogenetic link between HCV and APLS.... |
### Instruction:
Is endomysial antibody production related to histological damage after in vitro gluten challenge?
### Response:
| In vitro, endomysial antibody induction cannot be used as a marker of coeliac toxicity. Endomysial antibodies are not necessary for generating the histological lesion of coeliac disease. |
### Instruction:
Does long term result after multiple injuries including severe head injury?
### Response:
| Early and concentrated rehabilitation facilitates functional, social, and neuropsychological reintegration. |
### Instruction:
Does discussion between reviewers improve reliability of peer review of hospital quality?
### Response:
| When 2 physicians discuss a record that they are reviewing, it substantially improves the agreement between those 2 physicians. However, this improvement is illusory, as discussion does not improve the overall reliability as assessed by examining the reliability between physicians who were part of different discussions... |
### Instruction:
Does cold exposure inhibit leptin secretion in vitro by a direct and non-specific action on adipose tissue?
### Response:
| These results indicate: (i) that low temperatures reduce leptin secretion by acting directly on the adipose tissue and (ii) that the similar reduction in a hormone unrelated to energy metabolism, such as GH, suggests that the observed reduction is a mechanical perturbation of leptin secretion, which may be devoid of ph... |
### Instruction:
Does calcium phosphate supersaturation regulate stone formation in genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats?
### Response:
| A decrease in urine phosphorus excretion not only led to a decrease in urine supersaturation with respect to the calcium phosphate solid phase but to an elimination of renal stone formation. The results of this study support the hypothesis that variation in supersaturation alone can regulate renal stone formation. Whet... |
### Instruction:
Does the angiotensin type II receptor tonically inhibit angiotensin- converting enzyme in AT2 null mutant mice?
### Response:
| These studies indicate that AT2 functions to decrease ACE activity tonically, which may, in part, underlie AT2's increasingly recognized attenuation of AT1-mediated actions. |
### Instruction:
Do hepatic tissue endothelin-1 levels in chronic liver disease correlate with disease severity and ascites?
### Response:
| Hepatic tissue ET-1 levels are increased in the liver of patients with cirrhosis. This increase appears to be proportional to the severity of both liver disease and ascites. These data raise a possible role for ET-1 in modulation of intrahepatic resistance in cirrhotic portal hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Are alcohol levels increased in social drinkers receiving ranitidine?
### Response:
| Under conditions mimicking social drinking, ranitidine increases blood alcohol to levels known to impair psychomotor skills needed for driving. |
### Instruction:
Is response to methotrexate treatment associated with reduced mortality in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Patients with severe RA who do not respond to MTX treatment have a poor prognosis, with >4-fold increased mortality compared with the general population, while RA patients who respond to MTX treatment have only a moderately increased mortality rate. |
### Instruction:
Is pulsatility of ascending aortic pressure waveform a powerful predictor of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty?
### Response:
| Pulsatility of the ascending aortic pressure is a predictive factor for restenosis after PTCA. |
### Instruction:
Do personality features differentiate late adolescent females and males with chronic bulimic symptoms?
### Response:
| Late adolescent males and females with chronic bulimic symptoms can be distinguished on the basis of personality features. These findings have implications for theory, as well as for clinical assessment and therapeutics. |
### Instruction:
Does local administration of mu or kappa opioid agonists attenuate capsaicin-induced thermal hyperalgesia via peripheral opioid receptors in rats?
### Response:
| In this experimental pain model, activation of peripheral mu or kappa opioid receptors can attenuate capsaicin-induced thermal hyperalgesia in rats. It supports the notion that peripheral antinociception can be achieved by local administration of analgesics into the injured tissue without producing central side effects... |
### Instruction:
Is the anxiogenic-like effect of caffeine in two experimental procedures measuring anxiety in the mouse shared by selective A ( 2A ) adenosine receptor antagonists?
### Response:
| Adaptative mechanisms following mutation in A(2A) receptors or their long-term blockade after chronic ingestion of caffeine may be responsible for increase proneness to anxiety. However, the short-term anxiety-like effect of caffeine in mice might not be related solely to the blockade of adenosine A(2A) receptors, sinc... |
### Instruction:
Do bcl-2 oncogene ( B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 ) levels correlate with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity?
### Response:
| These results suggest that bcl-2 levels are related to disease activity and that this protein may play a role in the pathogenesis of SLE. |
### Instruction:
Do n-Type calcium channels control sympathetic neurotransmission in human heart atrium?
### Response:
| Norepinephrine release from cardiac sympathetic nerves is triggered by Ca(2+) influx via N-type but not L- and P/Q-type calcium channels. The inhibitory effect of mibefradil on norepinephrine release at clinically relevant concentrations is probably due to its blocking action on N-type Ca(2+) channels. This property of... |
### Instruction:
Does exogenous nitric oxide inhibit apoptosis in guinea pig gastric mucous cells?
### Response:
| Exogenous NO inhibited apoptosis in guinea pig gastric mucous cells by a mechanism which did not involve elevation of cyclic GMP. NO, if produced from NO synthase during infection with H pylori, may therefore counter the proapoptotic effects of this pathogen. |
### Instruction:
Is reepithelialization of the human cornea regulated by endogenous opioids?
### Response:
| These results indicate that an endogenous opioid is present and functions as a tonically active, receptor-mediated, negative growth factor during reepithelialization of the abraded human cornea. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin A deficiency alter the expression of mucin genes by the rat ocular surface epithelium?
### Response:
| Both the membrane-spanning mucin ASGP (rMuc4) and the secretory mucin rMuc5AC are directly or indirectly regulated by vitamin A in the ocular surface epithelium, whereas the membrane-spanning mucin rMuc1 is not. |
### Instruction:
Are tGF-beta receptor expression and smad2 localization cell density dependent in fibroblasts?
### Response:
| Low cell density is correlated with increased functional expression of TGF-beta receptors and promotion of signal transmission from these receptors. Thus, conditions that decrease cell density such as wounding favor myofibroblast differentiation in response to TGF-beta. |
### Instruction:
Are iL-1 and TNF-alpha important factors in the pathogenesis of murine recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis?
### Response:
| IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha are upregulated in corneas in mice experiencing recurrent HSK. Abrogation of virus-induced corneal disease by anti-cytokine antibodies suggests that these cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of recurrent disease. Therefore, neutralization of specific proinflammatory cytokines may ... |
### Instruction:
Is vitronectin or fibronectin required for corneal fibroblast-seeded collagen gel contraction?
### Response:
| These studies showed that vitronectin or fibronectin is required for the myofibroblast-associated contraction to occur in this in vitro model of stromal wound healing. This model system shows a distinct potential for further studies relating to the corneal wound healing process. |
### Instruction:
Does prolonged exposure to intermittent alcohol vapors blunt hypothalamic responsiveness to immune and non-immune signals?
### Response:
| Collectively, our results suggest that decreased PVN neuronal activation represents an important mechanism of the ability of long-term alcohol treatment to blunt the ACTH response to shocks or endotoxemia. In addition, the new system of alcohol delivery that we developed is practical and reliable, and has the significa... |
### Instruction:
Does selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase maintain haemodynamic stability without untoward consequences for hepatic function or morphology?
### Response:
| In endotoxaemia AE-ITU has a favourable haemodynamic profile which is achieved without impairment of hepatic function or morphology. |
### Instruction:
Is excitatory synaptic transmission mediated by NMDA receptors more sensitive to isoflurane than are non-NMDA receptor-mediated responses?
### Response:
| These results indicate that fEPSPs mediated by postsynaptic NMDA receptors are more sensitive to clinically relevant concentrations of isoflurane than are non-NMDA receptor-mediated responses, but this selective effect was not observed for halothane. Both agents also appeared to depress release of glutamate from nerve ... |
### Instruction:
Do serum immunoglobulin E levels predict human airway reactivity in vitro?
### Response:
| Our findings reveal that elevated levels of serum IgE predict airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine in vitro. At the same time, they indicate that the in vitro model of passive sensitization, in addition to its ability to induce allergen responses, also mimics conditions of non-specific airway hyperreactivity, which ... |
### Instruction:
Do medium chain triglycerides activate distal but not proximal gut hormones?
### Response:
| Intraduodenal MCTs a) accelerate intestinal transit; b) do not stimulate CCK release; c) but stimulate release of the distal gut hormone PYY. These results suggest that MCTs are not rapidly absorbed in the proximal gut but probably reach the ileocolonic region and stimulate PYY release. |
### Instruction:
Do plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations relate to intake source in the Framingham Offspring study?
### Response:
| In contrast with previous reports, plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations were associated with vitamin B-12 intake. Use of supplements, fortified cereal, and milk appears to protect against lower concentrations. Further research is needed to investigate possible differences in bioavailability. |
### Instruction:
Do effects of external beam radiation on the allograft dermal implant?
### Response:
| In the rat model, EBR of the implanted AlloDerm graft hinders recellularization in the early posttreatment period. However, EBR did not adversely affect graft thickness, recellularization or ultimate graft survival. |
### Instruction:
Does small heat shock protein alteration provide a mechanism to reduce mesangial cell contractility in diabetes and oxidative stress?
### Response:
| It has been proposed that the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals in diabetes may be linked causally to a loss of glomerular contractile reactivity and thus hyperfiltration in the early stages of diabetes mellitus. This study provides a mechanism for alteration of mesangial cell contractile responsiveness throug... |
### Instruction:
Does endogenous interleukin-10 regulate Th1 responses that induce crescentic glomerulonephritis?
### Response:
| Endogenous IL-10 counter-regulates nephritogenic Th1 responses and attenuates crescentic GN. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of brain-type glycogen phosphorylase a potentially novel early biomarker in the carcinogenesis of human colorectal carcinomas?
### Response:
| The present study is the first to localize the BGP molecule in colorectal carcinoma, adenoma, and normal mucosa. It is suggested that BGP is a novel biomarker for carcinogenesis in both the pathways of ACS and the de novo colorectal carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Does effective neuroleptic medication remove prepulse inhibition deficits in schizophrenia patients?
### Response:
| These data suggest that the impaired sensorimotor gating of schizophrenia patients is not a stable vulnerability indicator, but may rather be related to the positive syndrome and may be improved by treatments with neuroleptic medication. |
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