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### Instruction:
Does in vivo confocal laser laparoscopy allow real time subsurface microscopy in animal models of liver disease?
### Response:
| In vivo confocal microscopy with this newly developed probe allows real-time subsurface imaging and characterisation of normal and pathologic liver tissue at high resolution. Since this technology is suited for laparoscopy in humans, it has the potential to impact on the diagnostic workup of liver diseases and to permi... |
### Instruction:
Does an adherent Gardnerella vaginalis biofilm persist on the vaginal epithelium after standard therapy with oral metronidazole?
### Response:
| A large reservoir of the core bacteria to bacterial vaginosis persists as a biofilm after metronidazole treatment. |
### Instruction:
Do hepatitis B virus DNA levels at week 4 of lamivudine treatment predict the 5-year ideal response?
### Response:
| The measurement of the HBV DNA levels at week 4 of lamivudine treatment should be performed in all patients to predict the long-term outcome. The treatment can be continued for those with HBV DNA levels of less than 4 log copies/mL (2000 IU/mL). The addition of or switch to alternative antiviral agents should be consid... |
### Instruction:
Does acute ethanol exposure inhibit insulin signaling in the liver?
### Response:
| Short-term ethanol exposure rapidly attenuates insulin signaling. The major cellular mechanism involves the increased association of PTEN with the PI3K p85alpha subunit, which results in reduced phospho-Akt formation and impaired downstream survival signaling. These findings may have relevance to acute toxic effects of... |
### Instruction:
Does origin bias of test items compromise the validity and fairness of curriculum comparisons?
### Response:
| Progress test items were subject to origin bias. As a consequence, all participating schools should contribute equal numbers of test items if tests are to be used for valid and fair inter-curriculum comparisons. |
### Instruction:
Does computer-assisted calculation of myocardial infarct size shorten the evaluation time of contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI?
### Response:
| A computer software for myocardial volume and infarct size determination cut the evaluation time by more than 50% compared with manual assessment, with maintained clinical accuracy. |
### Instruction:
Do double-dose , new-generation proton pump inhibitors improve Helicobacter pylori eradication rate?
### Response:
| No convincing evidence was obtained that double-dose new-generation PPIs have better H. pylori eradication rates and tolerability than omeprazole. |
### Instruction:
Is progression-free survival a surrogate for survival in advanced colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| PFS is an acceptable surrogate for OS in advanced colorectal cancer. |
### Instruction:
Do symptoms of depression and anxiety as unique predictors of pain-related outcomes following burn injury?
### Response:
| These findings suggest potentially distinct effects of depression and anxiety and imply that assessment and early treatment of both depressive and anxiety symptoms may help improve a broad range of long-term pain-related outcomes following burn injury. |
### Instruction:
Does the active metabolite of prasugrel inhibit adenosine diphosphate- and collagen-stimulated platelet procoagulant activities?
### Response:
| In addition to its previously known inhibitory effects on platelet activation and aggregation, the active metabolite of prasugrel, R-138727, inhibits platelet procoagulant activity in whole blood (as determined by phosphatidylserine expression on platelets and TF expression on monocyte-platelet aggregates), resulting i... |
### Instruction:
Is thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor associated with severity and outcome of severe meningococcal infection in children?
### Response:
| Activation markers of TAFI were associated with the occurrence of DIC and mortality in meningococcal sepsis patients. A determination of TAFI, TAFI-AP, and TAFIa(i) is required to enable coherent interpretation of the role of TAFI in disease. |
### Instruction:
Is clinical efficacy of ropinirole for restless legs syndrome affected by age at symptom onset?
### Response:
| These data suggest that ropinirole provides effective relief of symptoms, regardless of age at RLS symptom onset. |
### Instruction:
Does neuroendocrine differentiation in the 12T-10 transgenic prostate mouse model mimic endocrine differentiation of pancreatic beta cells?
### Response:
| These results suggest that Ngn3 and Nkx2.2 expression are markers for site-specific metastasis and/or transcriptionally regulated genes that are required for organ-specific metastasis. This study indicates that a pathway similar to pancreatic beta-cell differentiation is involved in NE differentiation of prostate cance... |
### Instruction:
Does [ Surgical treatment in severe dog bite injures in pediatric children ]?
### Response:
| Primary closure of dog-bites-injures improves functional and aesthetic results and reduces the surgical procedures in those patients. |
### Instruction:
Is mode of administration important in US national estimates of health-related quality of life?
### Response:
| When choosing survey-collected HRQoL scores for comparative purposes, analysts need to take mode of administration into account. |
### Instruction:
Does a20 inhibit human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells invasion via blocking nuclear factor-kappaB activation?
### Response:
| A20 gene transfer is associated with decreased tumor invasion, in part via the down-regulation of NF-kappaB expression, providing evidence for a potential application of A20 in designing a treatment modality for salivary gland cancers such as ACC. |
### Instruction:
Do seasonal carriage of pfcrt and pfmdr1 alleles in Gambian Plasmodium falciparum imply reduced fitness of chloroquine-resistant parasites?
### Response:
| The fitness cost of CQ resistance works against the persistence of resistant parasites through the dry season. |
### Instruction:
Is extracapsular extension associated with increased ratio of metastatic to examined lymph nodes in axillary node-positive breast cancer?
### Response:
| The results suggest that the presence of extracapsular extension might force physicians to perform more aggressive adjuvant therapies and that the extracapsular extension could be a valuable parameter in the management of breast cancer because it has a strong relationship with the proven prognostic factors. |
### Instruction:
Does scn2a sodium channel mutation result in hyperexcitability in the hippocampus in vitro?
### Response:
| Evidence for hyperexcitability and increased synaptic efficacy in Q54 mice was found by observing spontaneous activity as well as evoked activity. Response to tetanic stimulation included unique high-frequency oscillations, and resulted in an increased population spike amplitude and duration. Histological assessment sh... |
### Instruction:
Do alternative polyadenylation signals and promoters act in concert to control tissue-specific expression of the Opitz Syndrome gene MID1?
### Response:
| MID1 expression is tightly regulated through concerted action of alternative promoters and alternative polyadenylation signals both during embryonic development and in the adult. |
### Instruction:
Does voluntary running exercise attenuate the progression of endothelial dysfunction and arterial calcification in ovariectomized rats?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that exercise training-induced improvement of ET-1 and NO prevents the impairment of endothelial function after menopause in females, and this improvement may result in less arterial calcification. |
### Instruction:
Is serum cholesterol level in infancy inversely associated with subsequent allergy in children and adolescents . A 20-year follow-up study?
### Response:
| The inverse association between the cholesterol level in infancy and subsequent manifestations of atopy seems not to be due to atopy-related dietary alterations, because it was already present in early infancy, when virtually all the infants were on a similar diet, i.e. on exclusive breastfeeding. |
### Instruction:
Do alpha-Blockers improve chronic ischaemia of the lower urinary tract in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms?
### Response:
| The present data strongly suggest that LUTS are associated with chronic ischaemia of the prostate and urinary bladder. alpha-blockers increase perfusion in the LUT and C(max). These results might explain the therapeutic effects of alpha-blockers on LUTS. |
### Instruction:
Do cytokines and growth factors inhibit tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced up-regulation of fibronectin binding on bovine endometrial cells?
### Response:
| We describe a novel high-throughput cell-based assay for endometrial cell binding to fibronectin. We show that IFN-alpha, IL-17, TGF-beta, and PDGF have inhibitory actions on adhesion of endometrial cells to fibronectin. |
### Instruction:
Does poly ( adp-ribose ) polymerase-1 regulate Tracp gene promoter activity during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis?
### Response:
| In this study, we provide evidence that the transcriptional activity of the Tracp gene, in pre-osteoclastic cells, is negatively regulated by the binding of PARP-1 protein to a potential consensus sequence located in its promoter region. Taken together with our previous results related to the control of Tcirg1 gene exp... |
### Instruction:
Is fibrinogen synthesis increased in cachectic patients with chronic heart failure?
### Response:
| Patients with CHF and cachexia have an increased hepatic fibrinogen synthesis rate related to the level of C-reactive protein. It is possible that increased protein turnover is one of the causes of weight loss in patients with severe heart failure. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-4 stimulate androgen-independent growth in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells?
### Response:
| Overexpression of IL-4 increases the sensitivity of androgen-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cells in response to androgen stimulation and enhances the growth of LNCaP cells both in the presence and absence of androgen in vitro and in vivo. These studies suggest that IL-4 plays an important role in promoting androgen-i... |
### Instruction:
Do external validation of the Best Guess formulae for paediatric weight estimation?
### Response:
| The Best Guess formulae performed moderately well in estimating children's weight, but had a tendency to overestimate weight, particularly in children with lower body mass index. |
### Instruction:
Does augmentation of late sodium current unmask the proarrhythmic effects of amiodarone?
### Response:
| In hearts in which late INa is augmented to mimic congenital or acquired pathological conditions, amiodarone has a concentration-dependent biphasic effect to induce and then suppress arrhythmic activity, secondary to inhibition of HERG K+ and late Na+ currents. This is the first preclinical model demonstrating the pote... |
### Instruction:
Does valproic acid interfere with antiviral treatment in human cytomegalovirus-infected endothelial cells?
### Response:
| These findings suggest to carefully monitor the frequency of HCMV reactivation in cardiovascular patients treated with VPA (or other HDAC inhibitors) in comparison to control individuals. |
### Instruction:
Does spatial heterogeneity of myocardial perfusion predict local potassium channel expression and action potential duration?
### Response:
| The spatial pattern of perfusion is matched by the novel patterns of K+ channel expression and APD. Whenever this newly recognized intramural dispersion of APD increases, it may contribute to arrhythmogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does ischemic preconditioning protect the dog kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| An IPC schedule of 5-min ischemia and 10-min reperfusion improves ischemia-reperfusion injury from subsequent prolonged ischemia in a canine model. |
### Instruction:
Does image-guided radiotherapy via daily online cone-beam CT substantially reduce margin requirements for stereotactic lung radiotherapy?
### Response:
| Setup for stereotactic lung radiotherapy using a SBF or alpha-cradle alone is suboptimal. CBCT image guidance significantly improves target positioning and substantially reduces required target margins and normal tissue irradiation. |
### Instruction:
Is appearance of angiotensin II expression in non-basal epithelial cells an early feature of malignant change in human prostate?
### Response:
| The data establishes the presence of Ang II in pre-malignant and malignant prostate cells, suggests Ang II staining in non-basal epithelial cells is an early sign of malignant change, and supports suggestions that HGPIN and malignant prostate cells both arise from transformed basal cells. Using immunohistochemistry we ... |
### Instruction:
Are femoral localization and higher ultrafiltration rate but not concentration of heparin used for canal locking of hemodialysis catheter negative predictors for its malfunction?
### Response:
| A lower concentration of heparin (2,500 IU/ml) prevents catheter thrombosis as effectively as a standard one (5,000 IU/ml). Femoral localization of HD catheters and higher UF during the HD procedure are the factors predisposing for catheter malfunction. |
### Instruction:
Is reduced expression of p16 and p27 correlated with tumour progression in cutaneous melanoma?
### Response:
| The CDKIs p16 and p27 are associated with tumour progression in melanoma, but do not reliably predict recurrence or survival. |
### Instruction:
Is cytoplasmic HuR over-expression associated with increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas?
### Response:
| Based on the fact that HuR in the cytoplasm indicates mRNA dysregulation of COX-2, our results suggest that their correlation plays an important role in the development and progression of laryngeal carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Are high risk HPV types 18 and 16 potent modulators of oral squamous cell carcinoma phenotypes in vitro?
### Response:
| Determining the potential of specific high-risk HPV strains to alter phenotypic behaviors of already transformed oral carcinomas is a critical step in providing more accurate prognosis and treatment options for oral cancer patients. The identification of differential responses to specific HPV strains among oral cancers... |
### Instruction:
Is innate production of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 10 associated with radiological progression of knee osteoarthritis?
### Response:
| The innate capacity to produce TNFalpha and IL10 upon LPS stimulation is associated with radiological progression of knee OA, even over a relatively short follow-up period of 2 years. |
### Instruction:
Does apoptosis seem to be the major process while surface and neural ectodermal layers detach during neurulation?
### Response:
| As inhibition of apoptosis prevented the detachment of the neural and surface ectodermal layers from each other at the end of the neurulation, inhibition of apoptosis seemed to cause a considerable embryological error accounted for congenital dermal sinus tractus maldevelopment. |
### Instruction:
Does embryonic exposure to domoic Acid increase the susceptibility of zebrafish larvae to the chemical convulsant pentylenetetrazole?
### Response:
| These studies demonstrate that in ovo exposure to DA reduces the threshold to chemically induced seizures in larval fish and increases the severity of seizure behavior in a manner that is consistent with in utero studies of laboratory rodents. |
### Instruction:
Is increased risk of oral cancer in diabetic animals associated with c-jun activation pathway?
### Response:
| It seems that diabetes does not affect the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-jun pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does acetyl-L-carnitine prevent selenite-induced cataractogenesis in an experimental animal model?
### Response:
| ALCAR prevents selenite-induced cataractogenesis in Wistar rat pups, possibly by inhibiting depletion of antioxidant enzyme and redox system components and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. |
### Instruction:
Does siRNA targeting mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) attenuate experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy?
### Response:
| Gene therapy with mTOR specific siRNA attenuates PVR in a rabbit model of the disease. This may be a new approach to preventing PVR in humans. |
### Instruction:
Is cD14 C ( -159 ) T polymorphism a risk factor for development of pulmonary tuberculosis?
### Response:
| No association between TLR4 Asp299Gly and pulmonary TB was found. CD14 -159TT is a risk factor for development of pulmonary TB, whereas mCD14/sCD14 and mTLR4 are possible biomarkers for the prognosis for TB disease. CLINICAL TRIAL PROTOCOL ID: SA1168-05. |
### Instruction:
Does pre-operative redox state affect 1-month survival in patients with advanced heart failure undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation?
### Response:
| Preliminary findings suggest that adequate activity of the GPx-1-based anti-oxidant system before device placement is associated with patient survival up to 1 month, despite comparable baseline oxidative stress in patients who both survived and died (within 2 weeks post-LVAD). |
### Instruction:
Does chronic alcohol feeding impair mTOR ( Ser 2448 ) phosphorylation in rat hearts?
### Response:
| Chronic ethanol consumption does not alter the distribution of mTOR between TORC1 and TORC2, but instead diminishes mTOR phosphorylation on Ser(2448) independent of changes in tumor suppressor complex 2 and PKB phosphorylation. Furthermore, the data suggest that protein synthesis in rats fed a diet containing ethanol i... |
### Instruction:
Does microvascular function in viable myocardium after chronic infarction influence fractional flow reserve measurements?
### Response:
| In patients with chronic myocardial infarction and a reduced ejection fraction, a good correlation was found between FFR measurements in the infarct-related artery and RFR. Because the linear regression line between FFR and RFR was close to the line of identity, one can conclude that microvascular resistance in the via... |
### Instruction:
Do bAG-4/SODD and associated antiapoptotic proteins are linked to aggressiveness of epithelial ovarian cancer?
### Response:
| Unexpectedly, cytoplasmic expression of BAG-4 and Bcl-2 marked less aggressive ovarian cancer, whereas nuclear Hsp70 suggested more aggressive behavior. Bcl-xL may play a more prominent function in the pathology of serous histology ovarian cancers compared with the endometrioid subtype. The findings presented here supp... |
### Instruction:
Are deficient TP53 expression , function , and cisplatin sensitivity restored by quinacrine in head and neck cancer?
### Response:
| Deficient TP53 mRNA and protein expression underlies decreased function in a subset of HNSCC with wild-type TP53 and can be restored together with cisplatin sensitization by quinacrine. |
### Instruction:
Are sternal fractures frequent among polytraumatised patients following high deceleration velocities in a severe vehicle crash?
### Response:
| In 1/5 of cases sternal fractures encountered in polytraumatised patients following significantly higher deceleration velocities during the crash. Typically car drivers without a functioning airbag suffer a sternal fracture. |
### Instruction:
Is long-term clinical protection from falciparum malaria strongly associated with IgG3 antibodies to merozoite surface protein 3?
### Response:
| Since anti-MSP3 IgG3 antibodies can naturally develop along with protection against P. falciparum infection in young children, our results provide the encouraging indication that these antibodies should be possible to elicit by vaccination early in life. Since these antibodies have been found to achieve parasite killin... |
### Instruction:
Is bronchial epithelial Ki-67 index related to histology , smoking , and gender , but not lung cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
### Response:
| Smoking status, bronchial histology, and gender were significantly associated with Ki-67 index. No increase in Ki-67 index was found in the nonmalignant epithelium of patients with lung cancer or COPD. Although Ki-67 index may provide insight into the short-term effects of chemoprevention agents on cell proliferation, ... |
### Instruction:
Do familial risk analyses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders?
### Response:
| Patterns of familial risk analysis suggest that the association between ADHD and drug dependence is most consistent with the hypothesis of variable expressivity of a common risk between these disorders, whereas the association between ADHD and alcohol dependence is most consistent with the hypothesis of independent tra... |
### Instruction:
Does periprostatic nerve blockage reduce postoperative analgesic consumption and pain scores of patients undergoing transurethral prostate resection?
### Response:
| Periprostatic bupivacaine administration was a useful and safe method for postoperative pain control and reduced analgesic consumption in patients undergoing TURP. |
### Instruction:
Do reactive oxygen species mediate detrusor overactivity via sensitization of afferent pathway in the bladder of anaesthetized rats?
### Response:
| These results indicate that oxidative stress induced by H(2)O(2) activates capsaicin-sensitive C-fibre afferent pathways, at least in part, mediated via stimulation of the cyclooxygenase pathway, thereby inducing detrusor overactivity. Thus, rats treated with intravesical H(2)O(2) appear to be a suitable model for the ... |
### Instruction:
Is a nomogram more accurate than a regression tree in predicting lymph node invasion in prostate cancer?
### Response:
| Nomogram-based predictions of LNI were more accurate than those derived from a regression tree; therefore, we recommend the use of nomogram-derived predictions. |
### Instruction:
Does endothelin potentiate TRPV1 via ETA receptor-mediated activation of protein kinase C?
### Response:
| We conclude that ET-1 potentiates TRPV1 by a PKC-dependent mechanism and that this could play a major role in the algogenic and hyperalgesic effects of ET-1 described in previous studies. |
### Instruction:
Does acute nicotine improve cognitive deficits in young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
### Response:
| Non-smoking young adults with ADHD-C showed improvements in cognitive performance following nicotine administration in several domains that are central to ADHD. The results from this study support the hypothesis that cholinergic system activity may be important in the cognitive deficits of ADHD and may be a useful ther... |
### Instruction:
Does gH replacement reduce increased lipid peroxidation in GH-deficient adults?
### Response:
| GH replacement partially reverses the grossly abnormal LPO in GH-deficient adults. It is highly probable, therefore, that oxidative mechanisms are involved in the overall improvement of metabolic changes due to GH replacement. |
### Instruction:
Does distinctive expression pattern of ErbB family receptors signify an aggressive variant of bladder cancer?
### Response:
| The expression profiles of ErbB-4 and epidermal growth factor receptor are prognostic in urothelial carcinoma. They may help in selecting patients at high risk with bladder cancer for more aggressive therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does daytime Ayahuasca administration modulate REM and slow-wave sleep in healthy volunteers?
### Response:
| Results show that daytime serotonergic psychedelic drug administration leads to measurable changes in PSG and sleep power spectrum and suggest an interaction between these drugs and brain circuits modulating REM and SWS. |
### Instruction:
Does platelet-dependent accumulation of leukocytes in sinusoids mediate hepatocellular damage in bile duct ligation-induced cholestasis?
### Response:
| Platelets play an important role in BDL-induced liver injury by promoting leukocyte recruitment and deteriorating microvascular perfusion. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that cholestasis-induced accumulation of platelets is mediated by P-selectin. Thus, targeting platelet accumulation may be a useful strategy again... |
### Instruction:
Do human mesenchymal stem cells inhibit antibody production induced in vitro by allostimulation?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that third-party MSC are able to suppress allo-specific antibody production in vitro, and may therefore help overcome a positive cross-match in sensitized transplant recipients. |
### Instruction:
Does sevoflurane but not propofol increase interstitial glycolysis metabolites availability during tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that there is a better availability of interstitial glycolysis metabolites (glucose, lactate, and pyruvate) in the skeletal muscle during ischaemia and reperfusion after sevoflurane exposure than after propofol, suggesting a potential preconditioning effect of sevoflurane on tourniquet-induced skel... |
### Instruction:
Is the impact of ulcerative colitis greater in unmarried and young patients?
### Response:
| The perceived impact of UC on the lives of patients is greater in those who are not married or living in common-law relationships. Youth, single status and lower social support commonly coexist, and exert additive effects on the functional impact of UC. Resources to improve social support should be directed toward this... |
### Instruction:
Is measurement of serum branched-chain amino acids to tyrosine ratio level useful in a prediction of a change of serum albumin level in chronic liver disease?
### Response:
| It is important to evaluate serum albumin levels and the BTR in patients with HCV-associated chronic liver diseases. |
### Instruction:
Is the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of ampulla of Vater carcinoma : the intestinal type associated with a better prognosis?
### Response:
| For the classification of the tumor phenotypes, performing immunohistochemical staining were helpful to differentiate the two types of tumor. A study with a larger number samples would probably elucidate the different clinical course between these two types of ampulla of Vater carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Is auditory nerve affected in one of two different point mutations of the neurofilament light gene?
### Response:
| Auditory nerve involvement in the presence of normal cochlear outer hair cell activity is asymptomatic in one of two families with CMT disorder with different point mutations of the NF-L gene. The nerve disorder is consistent with altered synchrony and slowed conduction. |
### Instruction:
Are syringe possession arrests associated with receptive syringe sharing in two Mexico-US border cities?
### Response:
| We documented high levels of syringe-related arrests in two Mexican-US border cities and an independent association between these arrests and risky injection practices. Public health collaborations with law enforcement to modify the risk environment in which drug use occurs are essential to facilitate safer injection p... |
### Instruction:
Does chronic ethanol ingestion increase aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in the rat?
### Response:
| These findings demonstrate that a regimen of chronic alcohol ingestion in the rat produced generally salutary effects in the systemic vasculature following a 6-week treatment regimen. These findings extend previous in vitro studies to demonstrate that alcohol has potent effects on vascular endothelial nitric oxide synt... |
### Instruction:
Are fGF2 transcript levels positively correlated with EGF and IGF-1 in the malignant endometrium?
### Response:
| Up-regulation as well as down-regulation of EGF, IGF-1 and FGF2 transcript levels is observed in endometrial cancer; however IGF-1 and EGF down-regulation and FGF2 up-regulation seem to comprise the main features of endometrial carcinogenesis. The disruption of their mRNA co-expression pattern observed supports the hyp... |
### Instruction:
Is pneumocystis colonisation common among hospitalised HIV infected patients with non-Pneumocystis pneumonia?
### Response:
| The majority of hospitalised HIV infected patients with non-PCP pneumonia are colonised with Pneumocystis. Failure to use co-trimoxazole prophylaxis and severe immunosuppression are associated with an increase in the odds of colonisation. Pneumocystis colonisation among hospitalised patients does not commonly lead to P... |
### Instruction:
Is differentiation of gastric surface mucous cells ( GSM06 ) induced by air-liquid interface regulated partly through mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway?
### Response:
| These results suggested that MAP kinase signaling, activated by air-liquid interface, was, at least in part, related to cell differentiation in GSM06 cells induced by air-liquid interface. |
### Instruction:
Is tumor size associated with the systemic inflammatory response but not survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| Prior to surgery, the maximal tumor diameter is associated with an elevated preoperative C-reactive protein concentration but not survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer. |
### Instruction:
Do procoagulant membrane microparticles correlate with the severity of pulmonary arterial hypertension?
### Response:
| Circulating markers of endothelium damage, proinflammatory markers, and cell stimulation estimated with circulating microparticles appear to be valuable tools in determining the severity of PAH. |
### Instruction:
Are cutaneous mononuclear cells and eosinophils significantly increased after warm water challenge in pruritic areas of polycythemia vera?
### Response:
| PV represents an invisible dermatosis in which the infiltrating mononuclear cells and eosinophils may have a role in warm water-induced pruritus. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Hepatitis B virus P22e protein inhibit human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell apoptosis in vitro ]?
### Response:
| The introduction and expression of extraneous gene HBVP22e significantly inhibits the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Effect of different tidal volume ventilations on atelectasis in patients during general anesthesia by CT scan ]?
### Response:
| Low tidal volume(6 mL/kg) ventilation is more feasible during general anesthesia in patients with healthy lungs, and it does not increase the atelectasis and impairment of gas exchange. |
### Instruction:
Is tissue specificity of insulin resistance in humans : fat in the liver rather than muscle associated with features of the metabolic syndrome?
### Response:
| Fat accumulation in the liver rather than in skeletal muscle is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome, i.e. increased fasting serum triacylglycerols and decreased fasting serum HDL-cholesterol, as well as with hyperinsulinaemia and low adiponectin. |
### Instruction:
Is sonic hedgehog an autocrine viability factor for myofibroblastic hepatic stellate cells?
### Response:
| These results identify Shh as an autocrine growth factor for MFB and suggest a role for Hh signaling in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. |
### Instruction:
Is susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis associated with shared amino acid sequences at positions 70-74 of the HLA-DRB1 molecule?
### Response:
| The shared epitope hypothesis may be extended to the amino acid motif at positions 70-74 of HLA-DRbeta in order to better predict the susceptibility to type 1 AIH. |
### Instruction:
Is tumor necrosis factor-alpha 308.2 polymorphism associated with advanced hepatic fibrosis and higher risk for hepatocellular carcinoma?
### Response:
| TNF308.2 allele carriage and chronic hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus infection are independent risk factors for HCC. Carriage of the TNF308.2 allele correlates with disease severity and hepatic fibrosis, which may contribute to a higher risk for HCC. |
### Instruction:
Is intermediate-term outcome of the simplified laparoscopic antegrade continence enema procedure : less better?
### Response:
| Laparoscopic antegrade continence enema is an effective means of treating intractable fecal incontinence and constipation. Our technique of using in situ appendix without cecoplication requires minimal mobilization and manipulation of the blood supply. Secondary ischemia, adhesions and scar formation are reduced, allev... |
### Instruction:
Is combined antiangiogenic therapy superior to single inhibitors in a model of renal cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| The combination of angiogenic inhibitors was superior to single factors, suggesting additive activity. These data support the strategy of combining angiogenic inhibitors to accomplish a complete angiogenic blockade. |
### Instruction:
Does hypermethylation of cell-free serum DNA indicate worse outcome in patients with bladder cancer?
### Response:
| The detection of hypermethylation in cell-free serum DNA provides valuable diagnostic and prognostic information that can still be improved by combining the results of 3 gene sites (APC, GSTP1 and TIG1). The presence of hypermethylated DNA in the serum of patients with bladder cancer is associated with a worse outcome.... |
### Instruction:
Does ginkgo biloba ( EGb 761 ) usage attenuate testicular injury induced by testicular ischemia/reperfusion in rats?
### Response:
| Malondialdehyde, nitrate and nitrite levels were increased after unilateral testicular torsion. EGb 761 has a protective effect on testicular injury induced by IR. |
### Instruction:
Does mechanical stimulation of gingiva reduce plasma 8-OHdG level in rat periodontitis?
### Response:
| Mechanical stimulation of periodontally involved gingiva reduced 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in plasma and may contribute to a reduction in circulating oxidative stress associated molecules. |
### Instruction:
Do r-alpha-lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine complementarily promote mitochondrial biogenesis in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes?
### Response:
| We conclude that the combination of LA and ALC may act as PPARG/A dual ligands to complementarily promote mitochondrial synthesis and adipocyte metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Does [ P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase mediate glucocorticoid receptor function induced by dexamethasone in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells ]?
### Response:
| Expression of GR(alpha) protein is upregulated and translocated into nucleus. p38MAPK enhances GR(alpha) protein translocation into nucleus. |
### Instruction:
Is receptor protein tyrosine kinase Ron highly expressed in colorectal mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients?
### Response:
| The specific high expression of Ron in the colorectal mucosa of UC patients suggests that this receptor might play roles in the pathophysiological background of this disease. |
### Instruction:
Does cLIP method ( preoperative CT image-assessed ligation of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery ) reduce intraoperative bleeding during pancreaticoduodenectomy?
### Response:
| The CLIP method is a useful and reliable operative technique for reducing intraoperative bleeding in PD. |
### Instruction:
Is bacteremia as unpredictable as clinical manifestations in human brucellosis?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that it is worthwhile practicing bone marrow culture by conventional biphasic technique for the definitive and rapid diagnosis of brucellosis; this is particularly the case in developing countries where diagnostic facilities by advanced technologies such as automated culture systems with PCR are not a... |
### Instruction:
Do cardiac glycosides regulate endothelial tissue factor expression in culture?
### Response:
| Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase is required for protein translation of endothelial TF in culture. This observation provides novel insights into posttranscriptional regulation of TF expression. |
### Instruction:
Does hO-1 overexpression attenuate endotoxin effects on CAT-2 isozymes expression?
### Response:
| HO-1 overexpression significantly attenuates endotoxin-induced increases in NO production and l-arginine transport. Induction of HO-1 overexpression also significantly attenuates the effects of endotoxin on the expression of iNOS and CAT-2 isozymes in septic rats. |
### Instruction:
Does calcium addition to EDTA plasma eliminate falsely positive results in the RSR GADAb ELISA?
### Response:
| EDTA plasma can be used in the RSR GADAb and IA-2Ab ELISAs if Ca(2+) is added prior to assay. |
### Instruction:
Do trends in the use and role of biomarkers in phase I oncology trials?
### Response:
| The use of biomarkers in phase I trials has increased over the period from 1991 to 2002. To date, biomarker utilization has made a limited and primarily supportive contribution to dose selection, the primary end point of phase I studies. Additional studies are needed to determine what type of biomarker information is m... |
### Instruction:
Does schisandrin B prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via enhancing glutathione redox cycling?
### Response:
| To the best of our knowledge, Sch B is the only molecule ever proved to function as a cardioprotective agent as well as a dual inhibitor of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, which is potentially applicable to treat cancers, especially the multidrug-resistant cancers involving doxorubicin or ... |
### Instruction:
Do normal brain cells contribute to the bystander effect in suicide gene therapy of malignant glioma?
### Response:
| Suicide gene transfer using pseudotyped lentiviral vectors was very effective in the treatment of rat glioma and therefore is an attractive therapeutic strategy also in human glioblastoma especially in conjunction with an imaging-guided approach. In addition, high selectivity of gene transfer to tumor cells may not alw... |
### Instruction:
Is coronary flow reserve impaired in subclinical hypothyroidism?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that CFR, which reflects coronary microvascular function, is impaired in patients with SHT. |
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