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### Instruction:
Is low expression of human beta-defensin 1 in duodenum of celiac patients partially restored by a gluten-free diet?
### Response:
| Our data reinforce the evidence that hBD1 expression is greatly reduced in the duodenum of patients with active CD. It also strengthens the concept that reduced activity of immune peptides may predispose individuals to bacterial proliferation that contributes to the pathogenesis of CD. |
### Instruction:
Does mechanical ventilation induce changes in exhaled breath condensate of patients without lung injury?
### Response:
| EBC analysis is a non-invasive technique that can be used to monitor ventilated patients. Mechanically ventilated patients had higher EBC acidity and nitrogen oxide concentrations. Duration of ventilation correlated with breath condensate pH. |
### Instruction:
Does aldose reductase inhibitor fidarestat attenuate leukocyte-endothelial interactions in experimental diabetic rat retina in vivo?
### Response:
| Oral administration of fidarestat attenuated leukocyte accumulation in the retina of STZ induced-diabetic rats, suggesting that fidarestat may have a therapeutic role in preventing the progression of diabetic retinopathy. |
### Instruction:
Does topical lidocaine improve conditions for laryngeal mask airway insertion?
### Response:
| Topical lidocaine 40 mg followed by propofol 2 mg.kg(-1) can provide optimal insertion conditions of the LMA-Classic comparable to those of propofol 3 mg.kg(-1), with fewer hemodynamic changes and a lower incidence of apnea. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Silencing of Adrm1 by RNA interference suppress proliferation of colorectal cancer cells ]?
### Response:
| Silencing of Adrm1 by RNA interference can significantly suppress proliferation of RKO cells through inducing apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle. The combined application of Adrm1 RNA interference and chemotherapy may become as a novel therapeutic strategy for Adrm1 overexpressed colorectal cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does flunitrazepam in combination with alcohol engender high levels of aggression in mice and rats?
### Response:
| Ethanol can heighten aggressive behavior and flunitrazepam further increases this effect in male mice and rats. |
### Instruction:
Do ocular manifestations uncover chronic subdural hematoma secondary to abuse?
### Response:
| Diplopia and disc edema in a young, nonoverweight patient with an altered mental state is very concerning. Meningitis and complications of spinal anesthesia, although rare, need to be considered in patients who have recently given birth. However, other causes of increased intracranial pressure, including subdural hemor... |
### Instruction:
Does migraine education improve quality of life in a primary care setting?
### Response:
| The findings demonstrate that patients participating in the MMMP reported improvements in their headache frequency as well as the cognitive and emotional aspects of headache management. This program was especially helpful among those with high amounts of worry about their headaches at the beginning of the program. The ... |
### Instruction:
Does phlebotomy improve histology in chronic hepatitis C males with mild iron overload?
### Response:
| Male CHC Caucasian non-responders to antiviral therapy with low-grade iron overload can benefit from mild iron depletion by long-term phlebotomy. |
### Instruction:
Is serum inhibin-b in fertile men strongly correlated with low but not high sperm counts : a coordinated study of 1,797 European and US men?
### Response:
| Serum inhibin-b levels decrease nonlinearly during the daytime, and are positively correlated with sperm counts, but the predictive power is best when inhibin-b is low. |
### Instruction:
Are plasma levels of von Willebrand factor increased in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
### Response:
| We show, for the first time, patients with HCM present significantly raised levels of vWf. These are associated with different conditions related to the severity of the disease. |
### Instruction:
Is microsatellite ( GT ) ( n ) part of the von Willebrand factor ( VWF ) promoter region that influences the glucocorticoid-induced increase in VWF in Cushing 's syndrome?
### Response:
| In conclusion, not only the SNPs haplotypes in the VWF gene promoter, but also the variable-length (GT)(n) locus predict the risk of developing high VWF levels under conditions of glucocorticoid excess; the combination of (GT)(S) and haplotype 1 represents the susceptible pattern. |
### Instruction:
Does basolateral efflux mediated by multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 ( Mrp3/Abcc3 ) facilitate intestinal absorption of folates in mouse?
### Response:
| Mrp3 accounts for the serosal efflux of folic acid and leucovorin, while it makes a moderate contribution to the serosal efflux of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid in mice. Mrp3 dysfunction does not disrupt folate homeostasis in mouse. |
### Instruction:
Do activating K-Ras mutations outwith 'hotspot ' codons in sporadic colorectal tumours - implications for personalised cancer medicine?
### Response:
| The identification of mutations outwith previously described hotspot codons increases the K-Ras mutation burden in colorectal tumours by one-third. Future mutation screening to facilitate optimal patient selection for treatment with EGFR-targeted therapies should therefore be extended to codon 146, and in addition shou... |
### Instruction:
Does the TCN2 776CNG polymorphism correlate with vitamin B ( 12 ) cellular delivery in healthy adult populations?
### Response:
| The studied polymorphism is common in the Portuguese population and significantly affects holo-TC but neither total B(12) nor total Hcy plasma concentrations, confirming that the TCN2 776CNG genotype exerts a significant influence upon B(12) cellular delivery. |
### Instruction:
Is final adult height of children with inflammatory bowel disease predicted by parental height and patient minimum height Z-score?
### Response:
| Parental height is a powerful determinant of linear growth even in the presence of chronic inflammation, and should be an integral part of the evaluation of growth in IBD children. |
### Instruction:
Are alpha-1,2-mannosidase and hence N-glycosylation required for regulatory T cell migration and allograft tolerance in mice?
### Response:
| Taken together, our results suggest that activation of alloantigen reactive Treg results in increased alpha-1,2-mannosidase expression and altered N-glycosylation of cell surface proteins. In our experimental system, altered N-glycosylation is not essential for intrinsic Treg suppressive capacity, but is essential in v... |
### Instruction:
Do high-density lipoproteins downregulate CCL2 production in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes stimulated by urate crystals?
### Response:
| The present results demonstrate that MSU crystals induce FLS to release CCL2 that is stored in vesicles in resting conditions. This mechanism is inhibited by HDL, which may limit the inflammatory process by diminishing CCL2 production and, in turn, monocytes/macrophages recruitment in joints. This study confirms the an... |
### Instruction:
Do iron and ferritin accumulate in separate cellular locations in Phaseolus seeds?
### Response:
| The presented results emphasize the importance of complementing research in model organisms with analysis in crop plants and they suggest that iron distribution criteria should be integrated into selection strategies for bean biofortification. |
### Instruction:
Does abdominal visceral adipose tissue predict risk of colorectal adenoma in both sexes?
### Response:
| Abdominal visceral adipose tissue volume can contribute to the development and growth of colorectal adenomas, and it was a better predictor for risk of colorectal adenomas than body mass index or waist circumference in both sexes. |
### Instruction:
Is emergency open cholecystectomy associated with markedly lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) than elective open cholecystectomy : a retrospective cohort study?
### Response:
| The incidence risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting is markedly decreased after emergency open cholecystectomy compared to elective open cholecystectomy. The study, by extrapolation, also identifies a paradoxical association between pre-operative nausea and vomiting, observed in 80.2% of emergency cases, and suppre... |
### Instruction:
Does impact of proto-oncogene mutation detection in cytological specimens from thyroid nodules improve the diagnostic accuracy of cytology?
### Response:
| Our findings demonstrate that molecular analysis of cytological specimens is feasible and that its results in combination with cytology improves the diagnostic performance of traditional cytology. |
### Instruction:
Is elevated fasting plasma cortisol associated with ischemic heart disease and its risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes : the Edinburgh type 2 diabetes study?
### Response:
| The previously described associations between HPA axis activation and features of the metabolic syndrome are present among people with type 2 diabetes. Elevated plasma cortisol is also associated with a greater prevalence of ischemic heart disease, independent of conventional risk factors. Understanding the role of cor... |
### Instruction:
Are mutations of the metabolic genes IDH1 , IDH2 , and SDHAF2 major determinants of the pseudohypoxic phenotype of sporadic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas?
### Response:
| Conserved residues of IDH1 and IDH2 or the SDHAF2 gene are not frequently mutated in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. The molecular basis for activation of a hypoxic response in the majority of tumors without VHL or SDH mutations remains to be defined. |
### Instruction:
Does reduced caloric intake during endotoxemia reduce arginine availability and metabolism?
### Response:
| A well-nourished condition before prolonged endotoxemia results in a better ability to adapt to endotoxin-induced metabolic deterioration of arginine-nitric oxide metabolism than does reduced caloric intake before endotoxemia. |
### Instruction:
Is x-linked ectodermal dysplasia receptor downregulated in breast cancer via promoter methylation?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that XEDAR expression is downregulated in most breast cancers via promoter methylation, which may contribute to accelerated tumor development by blocking EDA-A2-induced cell death. XEDAR may represent a novel breast tumor suppressor gene, and restoration of its expression by treatment with DNA demet... |
### Instruction:
Do l-carnitine and taurine synergistically inhibit the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells?
### Response:
| The synergistic inhibitory action of LC and TAU on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs is attributable to the up-regulation of TAUT expression and TAU uptake by LC. |
### Instruction:
Does the degree of saturation of fatty acids in dietary fats affect the metabolic response to ingested carbohydrate?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that the glucose and insulin response to butter is unique when compared with the three other fat sources varying in their fatty acid composition. |
### Instruction:
Is functional cooperation between FACT and MCM coordinated with cell cycle and differential complex formation?
### Response:
| Together, our results correlate FACT-MCM functionally and temporally with S phase and DNA replication. They further demonstrate that enzymatic activities intrinsically important for DNA replication are tightly controlled at various levels, thereby ensuring proper progression of, as well as exit from, the cell cycle and... |
### Instruction:
Does new approach to display of self-monitoring of blood glucose data?
### Response:
| These new approaches complement other popular graphical displays by conveying information efficiently and effectively to the physician, other health care providers, the patient, and family caregivers in a new and novel, concise, standardized yet flexible format. |
### Instruction:
Does cCN3 inhibit neointimal hyperplasia through modulation of smooth muscle cell growth and migration?
### Response:
| CCN3 suppresses neointimal thickening through the inhibition of VSMC migration and proliferation. Our findings indicate the involvement of CCN3 in vascular homeostasis, especially on injury, and the potential usefulness of this molecule in the modulation of atherosclerotic vascular disease. |
### Instruction:
Do nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in the ventralposterolateral thalamic nucleus play an important role in anti-allodynic effects?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that the nACh receptors expressed in the VPL play an important role in the anti-allodynic effects produced by exogenous and endogenous agonists. |
### Instruction:
Does fluorescent ligand binding reveal heterogeneous distribution of adrenoceptors and 'cannabinoid-like ' receptors in small arteries?
### Response:
| Within each cell type, each GPCR had a distinctive heterogeneous distribution with limited co-localization, providing a guide to the possibilities for functional synergism, and suggesting a new paradigm for synergism in which interactions may be either between cells or involve converging intracellular signalling proces... |
### Instruction:
Does genistein reduce glycosaminoglycan levels in a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type II?
### Response:
| There was decreased GAG storage in the MPSII mouse model following genistein administration. Our results would support the use of this plant-derived isoflavone in a combined therapeutic protocol for treatment of MPS. |
### Instruction:
Does neonatal bladder inflammation alter activity of adult rat spinal visceral nociceptive neurons?
### Response:
| Neonatal bladder inflammation alters subsequent effects of acute bladder inflammation on spinal dorsal horn neurons excited by UBD such that overall there is greater sensory neuron activation. This may explain the visceral hypersensitivity noted in this model system and suggest that impaired inhibitory systems may be r... |
### Instruction:
Is the baseline ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes associated with patient prognosis in rectal carcinoma?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the N/L ratio is an independent prognostic factor in rectal cancer, and the N/L ratio may serve as a clinically accessible and useful biomarker for patient survival. |
### Instruction:
Does glycogen synthase kinase-3beta regulate astrocytic differentiation of U87-MG human glioblastoma cells?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that GSK-3beta plays an important role in astrocytic differentiation of human glioblastoma cells and may be a novel therapeutic target in the malignant tumor. |
### Instruction:
Does oligomannurarate sulfate block tumor growth by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that NF-kappaB mediates the JG3-induced arrest of tumor growth. These results define a new mechanism of action of JG3 and highlight the potential for JG3 as a promising lead molecule in cancer therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is abnormal P-wave morphology a predictor of atrial fibrillation development and cardiac death in MADIT II patients?
### Response:
| Abnormalities in P-wave morphology recorded from orthogonal leads in surface ECG are independently predictive of increased risk of nonsudden cardiac death and AF development in MADIT II patients. |
### Instruction:
Do the glucagonostatic and insulinotropic effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 contribute equally to its glucose-lowering action?
### Response:
| We concluded that insulin stimulation (day 4) and glucagon inhibition (day 3) contribute equally to the effect of GLP-1 on glucose turnover in patients with type 2 diabetes, and these changes explain the glucose-lowering effect of GLP-1 (day 5 vs. day 1). |
### Instruction:
Is aBCG5-positivity in tumor buds an indicator of poor prognosis in node-negative colorectal cancer patients?
### Response:
| Expression of putative stem cell markers EpCAM and ABCG5 within the tumor buds of colorectal cancer are frequently noted and are associated with poor prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Does myocardial salvage by CMR correlate with LV remodeling and early ST-segment resolution in acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| In patients with reperfused ST-segment elevation MI, CMR-derived MSI is independently associated with adverse LV remodeling and early ST-segment resolution, opening new perspectives on its use in studies testing novel reperfusion strategies. |
### Instruction:
Does osteopontin deficiency impair wear debris-induced osteolysis via regulation of cytokine secretion from murine macrophages?
### Response:
| OPN plays critical roles in wear debris-induced osteolysis, suggesting that OPN is a candidate therapeutic target for periprosthetic osteolysis. |
### Instruction:
Do tissue Doppler image-derived measurements during isovolumic contraction predict exercise capacity in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction?
### Response:
| Assessment of TD-derived IVC and atrial stretch velocities provide independent prediction of exercise capacity in patients with reduced LV EF. Assessment of LV pre-ejectional stretch and shortening mechanics at rest may be useful for determining the myocardial functional reserve of patients with reduced EF. |
### Instruction:
Does [ The inclusion of new techniques of chromosome analysis have improved the cytogenetic profile of Turner syndrome ]?
### Response:
| Improvement of chromosome analysis over the years has modified the cytogenetic profile of TS. |
### Instruction:
Is in patients with HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection and RVR 14 weeks treatment noninferior to 24 weeks . Pooled analysis of two Scandinavian trials?
### Response:
| In patients with HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection and RVR 14 weeks treatment is noninferior to 24 weeks. |
### Instruction:
Do aberrant cytokines/chemokines production correlate with proteinuria in patients with overt diabetic nephropathy?
### Response:
| There were aberrant cytokines/chemokines production correlated with the degree of proteinuria in patient with overt DN and gross proteinuria. Inflammation may be important in the pathogenesis of DN. |
### Instruction:
Is vascular endothelial growth factor crucial for erythropoietin-induced improvement of cardiac function in heart failure?
### Response:
| VEGF is crucial for EPO-induced improvement of cardiac function in HF. EPO fosters VEGF expression predominantly in cardiomyocytes, which in turn stimulates myocardial endothelial proliferation and incorporation of EPCs. |
### Instruction:
Is heparin dose response independent of preoperative antithrombin activity in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery using low heparin concentrations?
### Response:
| Although enhancing AT activity is the primary mechanism by which heparin facilitates cardiopulmonary bypass anticoagulation, low preoperative AT activity is not associated with impaired response to heparin or to clinical outcomes when using target ACTs of 300 to 350 seconds. |
### Instruction:
Do sp1 and KLF15 regulate basal transcription of the human LRP5 gene?
### Response:
| Both KLF15 and Sp1 binding sites contribute to the basal activity of human LRP5 promoter. This study provides the first insight into the mechanisms by which transcription of human LRP5 gene is regulated. |
### Instruction:
Does broccoli regulate protein alterations and cataractogenesis in selenite models?
### Response:
| FFB prevents selenite-induced cataractogenesis in albino rat pups, possibly by maintaining antioxidant status and ionic balance through Ca(2+) ATPase pump, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, calpain activation, and protein insolubilization, which have been reported in this article for the first time. |
### Instruction:
Does the β3-adrenoceptor mediate the inhibitory effects of β-adrenoceptor agonists via the urothelium in pig bladder dome?
### Response:
| β(3)-adrenoceptors are involved in mediating inhibitory effects of β-adrenoceptor agonists on detrusor contractions via the urothelium in pig bladder dome. |
### Instruction:
Does ovariectomy in aged versus young rats augment matrix metalloproteinase-mediated vasoconstriction in mesenteric arteries?
### Response:
| Regardless of age, ovarian loss increases vascular reactivity to big ET-1, which is mediated, in part, by MMP. Superimposed with advancing age, ovarian deficiency further increases the proconstrictor role of MMP, which corresponds with higher MMP-2 levels in the aging vessel wall. MMP-mediated vasoconstriction may be a... |
### Instruction:
Does [ Annexin A5 inhibit homocysteine-induced tissue factor expression and activity in vascular smooth muscle cells ]?
### Response:
| These results suggest that Annexin A5 could inhibit Hcy-induced expression and activity of TF in VSMCs as well as TF release of VSMCs. Annexin A5 might play an active role on attenuating AS and reducing coronary thrombosis by inhibiting TF pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does resveratrol increase iodide trapping in the rat thyroid cell line FRTL-5?
### Response:
| Resveratrol increases iodide trapping in FRTL-5 cells, increasing iodide influx and rNIS protein level even in the absence of TSH. It has an additive effect with TSH. Consequently, resveratrol could be a promising molecule for radioiodide therapy in follicular and papillary differentiated thyroid carcinoma in associati... |
### Instruction:
Does endothelium-derived prostaglandin I ( 2 ) control the migration of eosinophils?
### Response:
| We propose that endothelium-derived PGI(2) might be fundamental for the maintenance of the endothelial barrier function against infiltrating cells. These results suggest that selective IP agonists might have beneficial effects in allergic inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Is prescription of physical activity sufficient to change sedentary behavior and improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients?
### Response:
| Long-term behavioral intervention programs, providing individualized exercise prescription, are not sufficient to change sedentary behavior and/or improve glycemic control in insulin treated, type 2 diabetes patients. |
### Instruction:
Is natural course of chronic hepatitis B characterized by changing patterns of programmed death type-1 of CD8-positive T cells?
### Response:
| The PD-l/PD-L1 pathway plays a different role in T-cell response during the natural course of chronic HBV infection. |
### Instruction:
Is the association between leukocytes and sperm quality concentration dependent?
### Response:
| Leukocytes had a positive association with normal morphology and progressive motility in semen samples at a concentration of 0-1 x 10(6)/mL. The findings suggest that the association between leukocytes (PMNL) and semen quality might be concentration dependent. |
### Instruction:
Is etiology of respiratory failure related to mortality in critically ill patients affected by a hematological malignancy : a retrospective study?
### Response:
| ICU patients with HM have high mortality. Respiratory failure caused by cardiac dysfunction seems to be associated with a lower risk of death. |
### Instruction:
Is sERCA2b activity regulated by cyclophilins in human platelets?
### Response:
| Cyclophilin A is a regulator of SERCA2b in human platelets. |
### Instruction:
Is blockade of the Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway involved in smooth muscle 22 alpha-mediated suppression of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima hyperplasia?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that high expression of SM22 alpha inhibits cell proliferation via reduction of the response to mitogen stimuli in VSMCs and provide a novel mechanism by which VSMCs maintain their contractile phenotype and resist mitogenic stimuli in an SM22 alpha-dependent manner. |
### Instruction:
Is high-dose antioxidant administration associated with a reduction in post-injury complications in critically ill trauma patients?
### Response:
| Implementation of a high-dose AO protocol was associated with a reduction in respiratory failure and ventilator-dependence. In addition, AO were associated with a marked decrease in abdominal wall complications, including ACS and surgical site infections. |
### Instruction:
Are advanced glycation end products assessed by skin autofluorescence in type 1 diabetics associated with nephropathy , but not retinopathy?
### Response:
| This study suggests an independent association between skin AF levels and diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy, but not retinopathy, in T1D patients. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the ability of skin AF levels to predict microangiopathy. |
### Instruction:
Are anti-inflammatory haemoglobin scavenging monocytes induced following coronary artery bypass surgery?
### Response:
| Coronary artery bypass surgery induces monocyte-associated anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory responses. There was no significant difference in haemolysis although the effect on monocyte CD163 and plasma sCD163 concentration was significantly different between the two groups. Compensation for varying pro-inflammato... |
### Instruction:
Is nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase the only nitric oxide receptor mediating platelet inhibition?
### Response:
| We conclude that NO-GC is the only NO receptor in murine platelets mediating the inhibition of calcium release, adhesion and aggregation: lack of the enzyme leads to disturbance of primary hemostasis. |
### Instruction:
Are mutS and MutL dispensable for maintenance of the genomic mutation rate in the halophilic archaeon Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1?
### Response:
| We established that H. salinarum NRC-1 mutS and mutL genes are redundant to an alternative system that limits spontaneous mutation in this organism. This finding leads to the puzzling question of what mechanism is responsible for maintenance of the low genomic mutation rates observed in the Archaea, which for the most ... |
### Instruction:
Does gut microbiota in human adults with type 2 diabetes differ from non-diabetic adults?
### Response:
| The results of this study indicate that type 2 diabetes in humans is associated with compositional changes in intestinal microbiota. The level of glucose tolerance should be considered when linking microbiota with metabolic diseases such as obesity and developing strategies to control metabolic diseases by modifying th... |
### Instruction:
Does urinary calcium and magnesium excretion relate to increase in blood pressure during pregnancy?
### Response:
| If an increase in blood pressure during the later part of pregnancy a risk indicator for preeclampsia, the results suggest that an excessive secretion of calcium leading to a functional deficit might be a risk indicator for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Intervention experiments are required to assess this ... |
### Instruction:
Does intestinal mucus layer preservation in female rats attenuate gut injury after trauma-hemorrhagic shock?
### Response:
| The resistance of female rats to T/HS-induced intestinal injury and dysfunction was associated with better preservation of the intestinal mucus barrier and was to some extent estrus cycle-dependent. Preservation of the mucus barrier may protect against shock-induced gut injury and subsequent distant organ injury by lim... |
### Instruction:
Is postimplant rectal dosimetry dependent on 103Pd or 125I seed activity?
### Response:
| Within the confines of seed activities used in this study, higher activity seeds did not result in a deleterious effect on rectal dose. Higher activity seeds were associated with improved prostate dosimetry for (125)I, whereas (103)Pd dosimetry was not dependent on seed activity. |
### Instruction:
Does modulation of nutrient sensing nuclear hormone receptors promote weight loss through appetite suppression in mice?
### Response:
| Our work provides evidence that simultaneous activation of PPARalpha, gamma and delta decreases body weight by regulating appetite. These effects of the pan agonist were completely absent in PPARalpha knockout mice, suggesting that PPARalpha pharmacology was the major contributor to weight loss. |
### Instruction:
Does chronic alcoholism associated with diabetes impair erectile function in rats?
### Response:
| There was an impairment of relaxation of CSM from ethanol-diabetic and diabetic rats that involved a decrease in the NO-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signalling pathway by endothelium-dependent mechanisms accompanied by a change in the CSM contractile sensitivity. |
### Instruction:
Does nuclear factor-κB activation predict an unfavourable outcome in human upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma?
### Response:
| these results imply a role for nuclear NF-κB expression in the tumorigenesis of UUT-UC. Nuclear NF-κB may serve as a useful independent molecular marker to predict outcome and may represent a promising therapeutic target for patients with UUT-UC. |
### Instruction:
Is a CATT negative result after treatment for human African trypanosomiasis no indication for cure?
### Response:
| Though CATT is a good test to detect HAT in primary cases, a normalising or negative CATT result after treatment for HAT does not indicate cure, therefore CATT cannot be used to monitor treatment outcome. |
### Instruction:
Is high brachial artery bifurcation associated with failure of brachio-cephalic autologous arteriovenous fistulae?
### Response:
| These data show that aberrant brachial artery anatomy is both common (12%) and a predictor of autologous BC AVF failure. These data support the universal use of pre-AVF duplex scanning. |
### Instruction:
Does pPARgamma ligand 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 sensitize human colon carcinoma cells to TWEAK-induced apoptosis?
### Response:
| 15d-PGJ(2) sensitized cancer cells to TWEAK-induced apoptosis through an ROS-dependent cell death pathway and may have chemotherapeutic utility as an apoptosis-enhancing agent. |
### Instruction:
Do poly ( lactic acid-glycolic acid ) nanoparticles markedly improve immunological protection provided by peptide P10 against murine paracoccidioidomycosis?
### Response:
| Combination of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim with the P10 peptide entrapped within PLGA demonstrated increased therapeutic efficacy against paracoccidioidomycosis. P10 incorporation into PLGA nanoparticles dramatically reduced the peptide amount necessary to elicit a protective effect. |
### Instruction:
Are microglial responses around intrinsic CNS neurons correlated with axonal regeneration?
### Response:
| These results strengthen the evidence that perineuronal microglial accumulation (but not T-cell accumulation) is involved in axonal regeneration by intrinsic CNS and other neurons. |
### Instruction:
Does baicalin attenuate oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated 5-lipoxygenase activation in PC12 cells?
### Response:
| Baicalin can inhibit 5-LOX activation after ischemic injury, which may partly result from inhibition of the ROS/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-3 degraded by autophagy ]?
### Response:
| The data suggested that autophagy is involved in the degradation of mutant ataxin-3, resulting in a decrease in the proportions of aggregate-containing cells and cell death in HEK293 cells expressing polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-3. It is possible that autophagy may be applied as a potential therapeutic approach for SC... |
### Instruction:
Do cytomegalovirus-specific T cells persist at very high levels during long-term antiretroviral treatment of HIV disease?
### Response:
| Long-term successfully treated HIV infected patients have remarkably high levels of CMV-specific effector cells. These levels are similar to that observed in the elderly, but occur at much younger ages. Future studies should focus on defining the potential role of the CMV-specific inflammatory response in non-AIDS morb... |
### Instruction:
Does the SUVmax of 18F-FDG PET correlate with histological grade in endometrial cancer?
### Response:
| We propose that the primary tumor's SUVmax obtained from F-FDG PET/CT may be associated with aggressive biological characteristics in endometrial cancer. |
### Instruction:
Are serum antimüllerian hormone concentrations on day 3 of the in vitro fertilization stimulation cycle predictive of the fertilization , implantation , and pregnancy in polycystic ovary syndrome patients undergoing assisted reproduction?
### Response:
| On day 3 of the in vitro fertilization stimulation cycle, serum concentrations of AMH can be used as a marker for ovarian response as well as reproductive outcome in assisted reproductive cycles of PCOS patients. |
### Instruction:
Does metrenperone enhance collagen turnover and remodeling in the early stages of healing of tendon injury in rabbit?
### Response:
| The findings suggest that metrenperone had positive effects on collagen turnover, remodelling, and organization during acute inflammation and fibroplasia. Provided that the new fibrils subsequently matured in a normal manner, mechanical characteristics of the organized scar should be better than those of an untreated l... |
### Instruction:
Does dasatinib inhibit the growth of molecularly heterogeneous myeloid leukemias?
### Response:
| Although all of the precise targets for dasatinib are not known, this multikinase inhibitor causes either growth arrest or apoptosis in molecularly heterogeneous AML. The addition of cytotoxic or targeted agents can enhance its effects. |
### Instruction:
Is eBV-positive Hodgkin lymphoma associated with suppression of p21cip1/waf1 and a worse prognosis?
### Response:
| Although the underlying mechanisms are still relatively unclear, EBER1 inhibits p21cip1/waf1 transcription and prevents apoptosis through down-regulation of p53, EGR1, and STAT1. The anti-apoptotic activity of EBER1 may be important in the rescue of Reed-Sternberg cells from drug-induced apoptosis and in the clinical b... |
### Instruction:
Does recombinant human endostatin improve anti-tumor efficacy of paclitaxel by normalizing tumor vasculature in Lewis lung carcinoma?
### Response:
| Rh-endostatin could normalize the tumor vasculature and microenvironment in Lewis lung carcinoma probably via modulation of the balance between vascular endothelial growth factor-A and thrombospondin-1. During the time of vascular normalization, paclitaxel treatment was found to have maximal effect on tumor growth dela... |
### Instruction:
Does the effect of bangerter occlusion foil on blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm in occlusion-positive and occlusion-negative patients?
### Response:
| OP patients with BEB and HFS are more likely to experience improvement in spasms from wearing a BOF compared to ON patients. The occlusion test should be considered on all patients with BEB or HFS. |
### Instruction:
Does the unique complexity of the CYP3A4 upstream region suggest a nongenetic explanation of its expression variability?
### Response:
| Instead of gene variants, the intraindividual CYP3A4 expression variability in humans may be primarily caused by particular sensitivity of this gene to endogenous and exogenous PXR and CAR ligands conferred by the unique complexity of its upstream regulatory region. |
### Instruction:
Does acute negative affect relief from smoking depend on the affect situation and measure but not on nicotine?
### Response:
| Acute NA relief from smoking depends on the situation and the affect measure used but may not depend on nicotine intake. These results challenge the common assumption that smoking, and nicotine in particular, broadly alleviates NA. |
### Instruction:
Does primate early life stress lead to long-term mild hippocampal decreases in corticosteroid receptor expression?
### Response:
| In adolescent marmoset monkey brains, reduced hippocampal expression of MR and GR are consistent chronic-indicators of ELS. It is unlikely that these chronic, mild, specific reductions were acute-mediators of the observed long-term emotional effects of ELS. However, they do suggest involvement of hippocampal MR/GR in t... |
### Instruction:
Does vEGF-targeted short hairpin RNA inhibit intraperitoneal ovarian cancer growth in nude mice?
### Response:
| Our data indicated that shRNA-mediated silencing of VEGF might be a promising therapeutic strategy against ovarian cancer by reducing angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Is binding of GTPgamma [ 35S ] regulated by GDP and receptor activation . Studies with the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor?
### Response:
| The affinity of GTPgamma[(35)S] was regulated by GDP and receptor activation caused increased binding of GTPgamma[(35)S] through a reduction in GDP affinity. |
### Instruction:
Do visceral adipose tissue and inflammation correlate with elevated liver tests in a cohort of overweight and obese patients?
### Response:
| In overweight and obese patients, liver tests, especially ALT and GGT, are associated with visceral fat mass. After correction for BMI and hs-CRP, ALT and GGT are significantly higher in patients with increased VAT, thereby supporting evidence for a potential key role of VAT in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty l... |
### Instruction:
Is food seeking in spite of harmful consequences under prefrontal cortical noradrenergic control?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that adaptive food seeking/intake can be transformed into maladaptive behaviors and point to "top-down" influence on eating disturbances and to new targets for therapy of aberrant eating behaviors. |
### Instruction:
Is orphan receptor kinase ROR2 expressed in the mouse uterus?
### Response:
| The expression of ROR2 by endometrial epithelial cells may suggest WNT signaling has roles in uterine epithelial cell polarity or implantation. Expression of ROR2 by uterine NK cells may suggest WNT signaling regulates uterine NK cell functions such angiogenesis and regulation of trophoblast migration. In summary, our ... |
### Instruction:
Do changes in the eccentric phase contribute to improved stretch-shorten cycle performance after training?
### Response:
| Training-induced alterations in SSC function during the ECC phase contributes to improvements in jump performance after both ballistic power training and heavy strength training. |
### Instruction:
Does extensive splicing of transcripts encoding the bile acid-conjugating enzyme UGT2B4 modulate glucuronidation?
### Response:
| In addition to heritable genetic mutations and control of gene expression, the newly discovered diversity of UGT2B4 mRNAs may introduce variability in this glucuronidation pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does induction of MKP-1 prevent the cytotoxic effects of PI3K inhibition in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells?
### Response:
| These results indicate that concurrent inhibition of PI3K and MKP-1 induces apoptosis in KKU-100 cells. Simultaneous targeting of the PI3K pathway and MKP-1 may be a useful approach to improve therapies directed against hilar cholangiocarcinoma. |
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