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### Instruction:
Does intratympanic steroid prevent long-term spiral ganglion neuron loss in experimental meningitis?
### Response:
| Intratympanic betamethasone treatment prevents long-term spiral ganglion neuron loss in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. This finding is clinically relevant in relation to post-meningitic hearing rehabilitation by cochlear implantation. However, the drug instillation in the middle ear induced local fibrosis and a ... |
### Instruction:
Are lifestyle and parental allergen sensitization reflected in the intrauterine environment at gene expression level?
### Response:
| Living on a farm and parental allergen sensitization are reflected in the intrauterine environment at the gene expression level. |
### Instruction:
Does the cannabinoid antagonist SR144528 enhance the acute effect of WIN 55,212-2 on gastrointestinal motility in the rat?
### Response:
| X-ray analyses confirm that cannabinoids inhibit GI motility via CB1 receptors; in addition, cannabinoids could influence motility through interaction with a SR144528-sensitive site. Further studies are needed to verify if such site of action is the CB2 receptor. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term intervention with Lactobacillus helveticus fermented milk reduce augmentation index in hypertensive subjects?
### Response:
| Long-term treatment with Lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk containing bioactive peptides reduces arterial stiffness expressed as AIx in hypertensive subjects. |
### Instruction:
Does strength training improve submaximum cardiovascular performance in older men?
### Response:
| Sixteen weeks of strength training significantly improves the cardiovascular function of older men. Therefore strength training not only increases muscular strength and hypertrophy but also provides significant cardiovascular benefits for older individuals. |
### Instruction:
Are transcription factors Elk-1 and SRF engaged in IL1-dependent regulation of ZC3H12A expression?
### Response:
| We conclude that the transcription factor Elk-1 plays an important role in the activation of ZC3H12A expression in response to IL-1beta stimulation. |
### Instruction:
Does platelet proinflammatory activity in clinically stable patients with CF start in early childhood?
### Response:
| In CF, platelet proinflammatory activity is increased at very young age already and might promote inflammation and tissue damage. On the other hand, platelets seem to downregulate the activation of their most important integrin (alpha(IIb)beta(3)) for clot formation. |
### Instruction:
Are elevated levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha in acute coronary syndromes associated with systemic and local platelet activation?
### Response:
| Plasma levels of 8-iso-PGF2alpha are significantly higher in ACS compared with stable CAD and correlate with platelet activation. |
### Instruction:
Does lovastatin inhibit the thrombin-induced loss of barrier integrity in bovine corneal endothelium?
### Response:
| Lovastatin attenuates RhoA activation in the corneal endothelium presumably by reducing its isoprenylation. This underlies the suppression of the thrombin-induced loss in barrier integrity of the corneal endothelium. |
### Instruction:
Is the selective beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist nebivolol a potential oestrogen receptor agonist with neuroprotective abilities?
### Response:
| We showed that nebivolol acts as ER agonist in neuronal cell lines, and suggest oestrogen-like neuroprotective effects mediated by nebivolol. |
### Instruction:
Does activation of cardiac muscarinic M3 receptors induce delayed cardioprotection by preserving phosphorylated connexin43 and up-regulating cyclooxygenase-2 expression?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that stimulation of M(3)-mAChRs with choline elicits delayed preconditioning, which we propose is the result of up-regulation of the expression of COX-2 and inhibition of the ischaemia-induced dephosphorylation of Cx43. Therefore, M(3)-mAChRs represent a promising target for rendering cardiomyocytes... |
### Instruction:
Does short term hypothyroidism affect ovarian function in the cycling rat?
### Response:
| Short term hypothyroidism alters normal hormone profile in the cycling rat increasing the expression of estrogen receptor-beta and cyp19A1 aromatase on estrus, which in turn may stimulate estradiol and prolactin secretion, favouring corpus luteum survival and the subsequent instauration of pseudopregnancy. |
### Instruction:
Is the density of macrophages in the invasive front inversely correlated to liver metastasis in colon cancer?
### Response:
| This study showed evidence that TAMs infiltrated in the invasive front are associated with improvement in both hepatic metastasis and overall survival in colon cancer, implying that TAMs have protective potential in colon cancers and might serve as a novel therapeutic target. |
### Instruction:
Do pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis isolates of similar RAPD genotype exhibit diversity in biofilm forming ability in vitro?
### Response:
| Clinical isolates that do not produce biofilms in the laboratory must have the ability to survive in the patient lung. We propose that a synergy exists between isolates in vivo, which allows "non biofilm-forming" isolates to be incorporated into the biofilm. Therefore, there is the potential for strains that are appare... |
### Instruction:
Is brain metabolism significantly impaired at blood glucose below 6 mM and brain glucose below 1 mM in patients with severe traumatic brain injury?
### Response:
| Arterial blood glucose levels appear to be optimal at 6-9 mM. While low brain glucose levels below 1 mM are detrimental, elevated brain glucose are to be targeted despite increased brain glutamate at brain glucose >5 mM. Pathogenity of elevated glutamate appears to be relativized by L/Glu and suggests to exclude insuli... |
### Instruction:
Is 11C-PIB binding increased in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related hemorrhage?
### Response:
| (11)C-Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) binding is moderately increased in most patients with probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)-related intracerebral hemorrhage. The distribution may differ from that seen in Alzheimer disease. (11)C-PIB PET may assist in the in vivo diagnosis of CAA and serve as a surrogate marker f... |
### Instruction:
Does tGF-beta enhance alcohol dependent hepatocyte damage via down-regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase I?
### Response:
| In the presence of ethanol, TGF-beta displays pro-steatotic action in hepatocytes via decreasing ADH1 expression. Low ADH1 levels are correlated with enhanced hepatocyte damage upon chronic alcohol consumption by favoring secondary metabolic pathways. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of major chronic illnesses among older Kuwaiti nationals in two governorates?
### Response:
| Judging from data on two governorates, the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and heart disease is likely to have increased to alarmingly high levels among older Kuwaitis, highlighting the need for focused intervention programs in order to reduce morbidity and increase healthy life years. |
### Instruction:
Does unscheduled expression of CDC25B in S-phase lead to replicative stress and DNA damage?
### Response:
| Overall, our results demonstrate that a moderate and unscheduled increase in CDC25B level, as observed in a number of human tumours, is sufficient to overcome the S-phase checkpoint efficiency thus leading to replicative stress and genomic instability. |
### Instruction:
Is structural heterogeneity alone a sufficient substrate for dynamic instability and altered restitution?
### Response:
| We show that structural discontinuities can amplify discordant alternans and provide a rate-dependent substrate for reentry. This work provides new insights into the mechanisms by which fibrosis may contribute to arrhythmogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Is azithromycin associated with increased survival in lung transplant recipients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome?
### Response:
| In lung transplant recipients with BOS Stage 1, azithromycin treatment initiated before BOS Stage 2 was independently associated with a significant reduction in the risk of death. This finding supports the need for a randomized, controlled trial to confirm the impact of azithromycin on survival in lung transplant recip... |
### Instruction:
Is diffusion capable of translating anisotropic apoptosis initiation into a homogeneous execution of cell death?
### Response:
| Multi-protein diffusion efficiently contributes to eliminating spatial asynchronies which are present during the initiation of apoptosis execution and thereby ensures homogeneous apoptosis execution throughout the entire cell body. For previously reported biological scenarios in which effector caspase activity was show... |
### Instruction:
Is insulin-treated diabetes associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients?
### Response:
| Even though patients with a history of insulin-treated diabetes are more severely ill and more likely to have renal failure, insulin-treated diabetes is not associated with increased mortality in ICU patients. |
### Instruction:
Is endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 ( ERp29 ) , a protein related to sperm maturation involved in sperm-oocyte fusion in mouse?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that ERp29 on mouse spermatozoa membrane changes during epididymal transit and AR. Accordingly, in mice this protein may be one of the important factors involved in sperm fertilization by facilitating sperm-oocyte membrane fusion. |
### Instruction:
Is impaired fear inhibition a biomarker of PTSD but not depression?
### Response:
| These results suggest that impaired fear inhibition may be a specific biomarker of PTSD symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Is methotrexate area under the curve an important outcome predictor in patients with primary CNS lymphoma : A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis from the IELSG no . 20 trial?
### Response:
| Individualised dosing of HD-MTX might have the potential to improve clinical outcome in patients with PCNSL, even when administered concurrently with HD-AraC. In the future, this could be carried out by using first-cycle PK modelling with determination of potential dose adaptations for later cycles using Bayesian analy... |
### Instruction:
Do cLOCK gene variants associate with sleep duration in two independent populations?
### Response:
| We report an association between variants of the human CLOCK gene and sleep duration in two independent populations. This adds another putative function for CLOCK besides its possible involvement in circadian timing, depression, obesity, and personality. |
### Instruction:
Do surgical outcome of single-staged three horizontal muscles squint surgery for extra-large angle exotropia?
### Response:
| Measurement of preoperative deviation and the surgery for extra-large angle exotropia made management of this condition difficult. Single-staged three horizontal muscles squint surgery can be one of the options. Further researches on management of exotropia of >80 PD are warranted. |
### Instruction:
Is distribution of core fragments from the major cat allergen Fel d 1 maintained among the main anatomical sites of production?
### Response:
| Our study identified truncated dimers of Fel d 1, probably resulting from proteolytic degradation of both chains and present in all cats. Core fragments are largely distributed among anatomical sites of production and especially well represented in AS. They are recognized as intact allergens by antibodies and may there... |
### Instruction:
Does hypoxia-ischemia brain damage disrupt brain cholesterol homeostasis in neonatal rats?
### Response:
| The present work provides evidence that HI insult destroyed brain cholesterol homeostasis, which might be important in the molecular pathology of hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury. Proinflammatory cytokines insulting oligodendrocytes, may cause cholesterol unbalance. Furthermore, specific therapeutic interventions t... |
### Instruction:
Is cD94/NKG2C a killer effector molecule in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis?
### Response:
| CD94/NKG2C might be involved in triggering cytotoxic lymphocytes in patients with SJS and TEN. |
### Instruction:
Does sIRT3 reduce lipid accumulation via AMPK activation in human hepatic cells?
### Response:
| SIRT3 reduces lipid accumulation via AMPK activation in human hepatic cells. |
### Instruction:
Do clinical and sonographic findings in suspected retained trophoblast after pregnancy predict the disorder?
### Response:
| Various clinical parameters, as well as sonographic findings including the size of the mass and Doppler test results in patients with suspected retained trophoblast, do not predict the final diagnosis. The surgeon's opinion regarding the tissue seen during hysteroscopy is the only parameter tested that correlates well ... |
### Instruction:
Does alpha cell-specific Men1 ablation trigger the transdifferentiation of glucagon-expressing cells and insulinoma development?
### Response:
| Our work shows cell transdifferentiation as a novel mechanism involved in islet tumor development and provides evidence showing that menin regulates the plasticity of differentiated pancreatic alpha cells in vivo, shedding new light on the mechanisms of islet tumorigenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does ovarian cancer create a suppressive microenvironment to escape immune elimination?
### Response:
| Further knowledge of the mechanisms involved is needed to develop better strategies and improve the clinical applicability of immunotherapy. Effective immunotherapy must combine immune-activating strategies with elimination of immune-suppressing mechanisms. We believe that tilting the balance from an immune-suppressive... |
### Instruction:
Is pericardial fat associated with carotid stiffness in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis?
### Response:
| Higher Pfat is associated with higher carotid stiffness, independent of traditional CVD risk factors and obesity. |
### Instruction:
Are perinatal and familial risk factors associated with full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a korean community sample?
### Response:
| Our results provide evidence the perinatal and familial risk factors contribute to the development of ADHD in Korea children and adolescents, and suggest that these perinatal and familial risk factors are more closely related to full syndrome than to subthreshold ADHD. |
### Instruction:
Do conduction properties distinguish unmyelinated sympathetic efferent fibers and unmyelinated primary afferent fibers in the monkey?
### Response:
| The presence of absolute speeding provides a criterion by which sympathetic efferents can be differentiated from primary afferents. The differences in conduction properties between sympathetics and afferents likely reflect differential expression of voltage-sensitive ion channels. |
### Instruction:
Does citrus limetta leave extract antagonizes the hypertensive effect of angiotensin II?
### Response:
| All doses of C. limetta aqueous extract, used in this assay, were safe and effective. |
### Instruction:
Is fos-related activator-1 overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma and associated with tumor lymph node metastasis?
### Response:
| Fra-1 is a positive gene of OSCC development and progression, Fra-1 can be used as a potential therapeutic target gene and an additional marker for evaluation of lymph node metastasis. |
### Instruction:
Is the functional Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphism associated with lower left ventricular mass in hypertensive women?
### Response:
| The functional TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism is associated with lower LV mass in hypertensive women. These findings suggest that interactions among gender, LV remodeling and TLR4 gene variants may occur in hypertensive subjects. |
### Instruction:
Does neoadjuvant therapy affect tumor growth markers in early stage non-small-cell lung cancer?
### Response:
| Neoadjuvant treatment of early-stage NSCLC affects mostly mechanisms responsible for tumor growth and vascularization. Its effect on cancer cells apoptotic activity needs further evaluation. |
### Instruction:
Does maternal smoking promote chronic obstructive lung disease in the offspring as adults?
### Response:
| Maternal smoking negatively affects lung function of their offspring even in late adulthood when they develop COPD. It even aggravates the cumulative effect of active cigarette consumption. Clinical course of the COPD remained unaffected. |
### Instruction:
Does oxytocin stimulate expression of a noncoding RNA tumor marker in a human neuroblastoma cell line?
### Response:
| The expression of the tumor marker MALAT1 ncRNA is sensitive to cell surface receptor activation by oxytocin in a neuroblastoma cell line. |
### Instruction:
Does activation of CD8 T cells predict progression of HIV infection in women coinfected with hepatitis C virus?
### Response:
| HCV-positive viremic women with HIV coinfection who have high levels of T cell activation may have increased risk of AIDS. Earlier treatment of HIV and HCV infection may be beneficial. |
### Instruction:
Do polymorphisms in IL4 and iLARA confer susceptibility to asthma?
### Response:
| We showed a strong association between the polymorphisms of the IL-4 gene promoter at positions -590, -33 and -1098 and bronchial asthma. We also demonstrated an association between their haplotypes and serum total IgE. |
### Instruction:
Does staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B augment granulocyte migration and survival via airway epithelial cell activation?
### Response:
| Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B exerts a direct pro-inflammatory effect on HNEC, with induction of chemokine and growth factor release, resulting in the migration and prolonged survival of granulocytes in vitro. |
### Instruction:
Does photochemotherapy induce the apoptosis of monocytes without impairing their function?
### Response:
| Our data demonstrate that monocytes undergo apoptosis and loose a part of their migratory capacity after ECP and the surviving cell functionalities are not impaired, suggesting that monocytes have a minor effect on ECP-mediated immunomodulation. |
### Instruction:
Is quality control indispensable for automated dilution systems with accelerated hydrogen peroxide?
### Response:
| Disinfectants must be used in the dilution specified by the manufacturer for optimal decontamination. Although there are benefits with using automated dilution systems in healthcare settings, findings show that attention must be given to quality control and preventative maintenance to ensure optimum results. |
### Instruction:
Do medial contact and smaller plantar loads characterize individuals with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome during stair descent?
### Response:
| The pattern of plantar pressure distribution during stair descent in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome subjects was different from controls. This seems to be related to greater medial rearfoot and midfoot support. Smaller plantar loads found in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome subjects during stair descent reveal a more cautiou... |
### Instruction:
Does madm ( Mlf1 adapter molecule ) cooperate with Bunched A to promote growth in Drosophila?
### Response:
| The growth-promoting potential of long TSC22DF proteins is evolutionarily conserved. Furthermore, we provide biochemical and genetic evidence for a growth-regulating complex involving the long TSC22DF protein BunA and the adapter molecule Madm. |
### Instruction:
Does compound and digenic heterozygosity contribute to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?
### Response:
| These data suggest that the genetic basis of ARVC includes reduced penetrance with compound and digenic heterozygosity. Disturbed junctional cytoarchitecture in subjects with desmosomal mutations confirms that ARVC is a disease of the desmosome and cell junction. |
### Instruction:
Is cK1epsilon required for breast cancers dependent on beta-catenin activity?
### Response:
| These studies identify CK1epsilon as a critical contributor to activated beta-catenin signaling in cancer and suggest it may provide a potential therapeutic target for cancers that harbor active beta-catenin. More generally, these observations delineate an approach that can be used to identify druggable synthetic letha... |
### Instruction:
Are fatty pancreas and increased body mass index risk factors of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy?
### Response:
| The presence of an increased BMI, the presence of fatty pancreas, and the absence of pancreatic fibrosis as risk factors of PF allows a more precise and objective prediction of PF than the consistency of pancreatic remnant alone. A predictive score based on these 3 factors could help to tailor preventive measures. |
### Instruction:
Is chicken meat an infection source of Salmonella serovar Infantis for humans in Japan?
### Response:
| These results suggest that chicken meat is an infection source of Salmonella Infantis for humans in the Kyushu-Okinawa region, Japan. The results also showed the relatively high suitability of AFLP for application to epidemiological studies of Salmonella Infantis. |
### Instruction:
Do clinical stain removal efficacy of two dentifrices after one and two weeks of use?
### Response:
| In comparison to the control dentifrice, the results demonstrated significantly more stain removal following the use of Total Advanced Clean at each recall visit. Subjects assigned Total Advanced Clean demonstrated continued reductions in stains from baseline to one week, and from one week to two weeks. |
### Instruction:
Does total hip and knee replacement surgery result in changes in leukocyte and endothelial markers?
### Response:
| In general it appeared that most of the leukocyte and endothelial markers measured during these studies peaked between days 1-3 postoperatively. It is proposed that by allowing orthopaedic surgeons access to alternative laboratory markers such as CD11b, H(2)O(2 )and elastase, CD62L, vWF and sICAM-1, an accurate assessm... |
### Instruction:
Is nuclear expression of KLF6 tumor suppressor factor highly associated with overexpression of ERBB2 oncoprotein in ductal breast carcinomas?
### Response:
| Data are consistent with a preferential localization of KLF6 in the nuclear compartment of early stage and small HER2-ERBB2 overexpressing ductal breast tumor cells, also presenting lymph node metastatic events. Thus, KLF6 tumor suppressor could represent a new molecular marker candidate for tumor prognosis and/or a po... |
### Instruction:
Does acute administration of docosahexaenoic acid increase resistance to pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in rats?
### Response:
| DHA increases resistance to PTZ-induced seizures without altering measures of sedation and, apparently, without changing DHA concentrations in serum or brain. |
### Instruction:
Is variation in the C-reactive protein gene associated with serum levels of CRP in patients with acute ischemic stroke?
### Response:
| Variation in the CRP gene is associated with levels of CRP in acute ischemic stroke. |
### Instruction:
Does injectable hydrogel help bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells restore infarcted myocardium?
### Response:
| Injection of hydrogel-encapsulated BMMNCs increased cell engraftment and improved LV function; this technique may serve as an effective approach to restore infarcted myocardium. |
### Instruction:
Does macrophage LRP-1 control plaque cellularity by regulating efferocytosis and Akt activation?
### Response:
| Macrophage LRP-1 deficiency increases cell death and inflammation by impairing phosphorylated Akt activation and efferocytosis. Increased apolipoprotein E expression in LRP-1(-/-) macrophages suggests that the LRP-1/apolipoprotein E axis regulates the balance between apoptosis and efferocytosis, thereby preventing necr... |
### Instruction:
Do low levels of antibodies against phosphorylcholine predict development of stroke in a population-based study from northern Sweden?
### Response:
| Low anti-PC is a novel independent risk marker for development of stroke. Measurements of anti-PC could be used to identify immunodeficient subjects at an increased risk for stroke. The possibility that such subjects might be targets for novel modes of treatment such as immunotherapies deserves further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Does genome-wide association study identify variants at the IL18-BCO2 locus associated with interleukin-18 levels?
### Response:
| This study identified several novel variants at the IL18-BCO2 locus associated with IL-18 levels. |
### Instruction:
Do neonatal near miss approach in the 2005 WHO Global Survey Brazil?
### Response:
| The near miss concept and indicators provided information that could be useful to evaluate the quality of care and set priorities for further assessments and health care improvement for newborn infants. |
### Instruction:
Is disruption of tight junction structure in salivary glands from Sjögren 's syndrome patients linked to proinflammatory cytokine exposure?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate that local cytokine production in LSGs from SS patients may contribute to the secretory gland dysfunction observed in SS patients by altering tight junction integrity of epithelial cells, thereby decreasing the quality and quantity of saliva. |
### Instruction:
Does transmural flow modulate cell and fluid transport functions of lymphatic endothelium?
### Response:
| These findings introduce transmural flow as an important regulator of lymphatic endothelial function and suggest that flow might serve as an early inflammatory signal for lymphatics, causing them to regulate transport functions to facilitate the delivery of soluble antigens and DCs to lymph nodes. |
### Instruction:
Do phage-selected lipopolysaccharide mutants of Pectobacterium atrosepticum exhibit different impacts on virulence?
### Response:
| Native LPS is crucial for optimal growth, survival and virulence of Pa in vivo, but simultaneously renders such strains susceptible to phage infection. |
### Instruction:
Is endovascular repair of ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysms associated with high perioperative mortality and morbidity?
### Response:
| The endovascular treatment of ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysms is associated with a high perioperative mortality and morbidity as well as poor midterm survival. Renal insufficiency proved to be an independent risk factor for perioperative death. |
### Instruction:
Do echolucent or predominantly echolucent femoral plaques predict early restenosis after eversion carotid endarterectomy?
### Response:
| Ultrasound evaluation of femoral plaque morphology before CEA can be useful for identifying patients at higher risk for carotid restenosis. |
### Instruction:
Do survey of United States dental schools on cementation protocols for implant crown restorations?
### Response:
| There are a wide range of implant cementation protocols and materials used; however, some common trends were identified among predoctoral and postgraduate programs. |
### Instruction:
Is tumor cell expression of programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 a prognostic factor for malignant melanoma?
### Response:
| : The current results indicated that there is a correlation between the degree of PD-L1 expression and the vertical growth of primary tumors in melanoma. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PD-L1 expression is an independent prognostic factor for melanoma. Cancer 2010. (c) 2010 American Cancer Society. |
### Instruction:
Does the use of anticoagulants improve biochemical control of localized prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy?
### Response:
| : AC therapy was associated with an improvement in biochemical control in patients with prostate cancer who received RT with curative intent. The effect was most prominent in patients who had high-risk disease. Cancer 2010. (c) 2010 American Cancer Society. |
### Instruction:
Does overexpression of caveolin-1 in lymphoblastoid TK6 cells enhance proliferation after irradiation with clinically relevant doses?
### Response:
| A model system for expression of exogenous CAV1 by stable lentiviral transduction of TK6 cells was established. Functional assays demonstrated enhanced early proliferation by CAV1 expression in TK6 cells after irradiation with clinically relevant doses supporting the role of CAV1 as a prosurvival factor. |
### Instruction:
Do outcomes and complications of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair with selective sutureless 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy?
### Response:
| Modification of the standard 25-gauge sutureless technique with selective scleral wound suturing may contribute to preventing wound leakage and possible postoperative complications of hypotony or partial tamponade. |
### Instruction:
Does surfactant protein-d inhibit lung inflammation caused by ventilation in premature newborn lambs?
### Response:
| Treatment with rhSP-D-containing surfactant inhibited lung inflammation and enhanced the resistance of surfactant to inhibition, supporting its potential usefulness for prevention of lung injury in the preterm newborn. |
### Instruction:
Does chronic cigarette smoke exposure generate pathogenic T cells capable of driving COPD-like disease in Rag2-/- mice?
### Response:
| These data formally demonstrate, for the first time, that chronic CS exposure leads to the generation of pathogenic T cells capable of inducing COPD-like disease in Rag2(-/-) mice. This report provides novel insights into COPD pathogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Is chronic infection during placental malaria associated with up-regulation of cycloxygenase-2?
### Response:
| These data provide evidence that COX-2 and IL-10 are highly induced during chronic infection of the placenta, but were not associated with preterm delivery or low birth weight. The data support the involvement of COX-2 in the recovery phase of the placental infection. |
### Instruction:
Do doctors ' views of attitudes towards peer medical error?
### Response:
| The most acceptable approach to dealing with a peer's medical error is to report it to the responsible doctor and encourage them to disclose it to the patient. |
### Instruction:
Does ikappaBalpha polymorphism at promoter region ( rs2233408 ) influence the susceptibility of gastric cancer in Chinese?
### Response:
| I kappaB alpha rs2233408 T heterozygotes were associated with reduced risk of gastric cancer, especially for the development of certain subtypes of gastric cancer in Chinese population. |
### Instruction:
Are caspase 8 and maspin downregulated in breast cancer cells due to CpG site promoter methylation?
### Response:
| CASP8 and maspin expression were reduced in breast cancer cells due to promoter methylation. Selective application of demethylating agents could offer novel therapeutic opportunities in breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is self-report of difficult defecation associated with overactive bladder symptoms?
### Response:
| Women with symptoms of DD have an increased rate of LUTS, consistent with the diagnosis of overactive bladder without incontinence. The pathophysiology underlying this association is worthy of future research. |
### Instruction:
Does antagonism of macrophage migration inhibitory factor decrease cyclophosphamide cystitis in mice?
### Response:
| Antagonizing MIF's activity with a systemic MIF tautomerase inhibitor was able to prevent or greatly reduced chemical cystitis in mice, thus indicating the MIF mediates bladder inflammation in this model. MIF represents a novel and important modulator of cystitis. |
### Instruction:
Is ultrasound measurement of bladder wall thickness associated with the overactive bladder syndrome?
### Response:
| Mean BWT is associated with a symptom history of OAB and MUI, higher daytime and nightime frequency, and higher VAS scores. |
### Instruction:
Does bicyclol protect HepG2 cells against D-galactosamine-induced apoptosis through inducing heat shock protein 27 and mitochondria associated pathway?
### Response:
| HSP27 is involved in the anti-hepatocytes apoptosis of bicyclol, and this effect of bicyclol-induced HSP27 is mainly through inhibition of mitochondria and JNK apoptotic pathways. |
### Instruction:
Is sLC22A2 gene 808 G/T variant related to plasma lactate concentration in Chinese type 2 diabetics treated with metformin?
### Response:
| There is an 808G/T polymorphism in the SLC22A2 gene in Chinese Hans with T2DM. The 808G>T variance in the SLC22A2 gene can affect the plasma lactate level and the incidence of hyperlactacidemia in T2DM patients undergoing metformin therapy. Additionally, the female patients carrying the TT genotype are prone to lactate... |
### Instruction:
Is downregulation of Dickkopf-1 responsible for high proliferation of breast cancer cells via losing control of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling?
### Response:
| We conclude that the downregulation of DKK-1 is responsible for the high proliferation ability of LM-MCF-7 breast cancer cells via losing control of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, in which c-Myc, cyclinD1 and Survivin serve as essential downstream effectors. Our finding provides a new insight into the mechanism of... |
### Instruction:
Is early nephrology referral associated with prolonged survival in hemodialysis patients even after exclusion of lead-time bias?
### Response:
| Our findings show that ER is significantly associated with prolonged survival after exclusion of lead-time bias, which is consistent with ER being associated with better clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients. |
### Instruction:
Does smoking attenuate increase in exhaled nitric oxide in atopic but not in nonatopic young adults with asthma?
### Response:
| Smoking seems to attenuate the increase in FENO in atopic but not in nonatopic asthmatics. This finding suggests differences in biochemical mechanisms of NO formation in atopic and nonatopic asthma. However, FENO was significantly higher both in atopic and nonatopic asthmatic smokers than in healthy controls. This sugg... |
### Instruction:
Do the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 inhibits antigen-induced plasma extravasation in guinea pig airways?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that WIN 55,212-2 inhibits C-fiber activation via the cannabinoid CB2 receptor and thus suppresses antigen-induced inflammation in guinea pig airways. |
### Instruction:
Do small- and moderate-size right-to-left shunts identified by saline contrast echocardiography are normal and unrelated to migraine headache?
### Response:
| When using modern ultrasound technology combined with a rigorous SCE technique, the majority of healthy subjects demonstrate some degree of RLS. PAVM in an otherwise healthy population is common. Small- and moderate-size RLSs do not appear to be significantly associated with migraine headache. |
### Instruction:
Do panax notoginseng saponins protect rabbit bone marrow stromal cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis?
### Response:
| PNSs can protect cultured rabbit BMSCs from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis by decreasing oxidative stress, Bax expression and caspase-3 activity. |
### Instruction:
Does exchange of a nuclear corepressor between NF-kappaB and CREB mediate inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase transcription by NF-kappaB?
### Response:
| The study showed that the inhibition of PEPCK by NF-kappaB p65 was dependent on HDAC3 and SMRT, which form a nuclear corepressor complex for transcriptional inhibition. The transcription factors NF-kappaB p65 and CREB share the same corepressor HDAC3-SMRT, and the corepressor exchange leads to inhibition of PEPCK gene ... |
### Instruction:
Is alteration of cholinergic and peptidergic neurotransmitters in rat ileum induced by acute stress following transient intestinal infection mast cell dependent?
### Response:
| The imbalance of ACh/SP, together with the activation of mucosal immunity induced by post-infection ACRS were lacking in mast cell deficient rats, which supports the premise that mast cells play an important role in cholinergic and peptidergic remodeling in the ileum of rats. |
### Instruction:
Does rofecoxib augment anticancer effects by reversing intrinsic multidrug resistance gene expression in BGC-823 gastric cancer cells?
### Response:
| Rofecoxib, a specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, plays a chemotherapeutic sensitizer role in various anticancer agents on the BGC-823 gastric cancer cell line, which could be partly explained by its ability to reverse the intrinsic MRP1 and GST-piin vitro. |
### Instruction:
Are changes of circulating transforming growth factor-beta1 level during radiation therapy correlated with the prognosis of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer?
### Response:
| In locally advanced NSCLC, the decrease of TGF-beta1 level during RT is correlated with favorable prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Does tai chi improve physical function in older Chinese women with knee osteoarthritis?
### Response:
| This study suggests that TC provides a safe, feasible and useful exercise option for older Chinese female patients with knee OA. |
### Instruction:
Do rolipram and SP600125 suppress the early increase in PTP1B expression during cerulein-induced pancreatitis in rats?
### Response:
| Cerulein-induced AP is associated with an increase in the expression of PTP1B in its early phase. An increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in inflammatory cells and the inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 are able to suppress the increase in PTP1B protein leve... |
### Instruction:
Does jasmonic acid induce resistance to economically important insect pests in winter wheat?
### Response:
| The results indicate that jasmonic acid induced pest resistance in wheat plants and may act as a resistance mechanism of wheat against insect herbivores. |
### Instruction:
Do active fragments from pro- and antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins have distinct membrane behavior reflecting their functional divergence?
### Response:
| BCL-2 family-derived pore-forming helices thus represent structurally analogous, but functionally dissimilar membrane domains. |
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