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### Instruction:
Is complement C3 production in human intestinal epithelial cells regulated by interleukin 1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha?
### Response:
| C3 production in the enterocyte is regulated by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha at the transcriptional level, and this response is potentiated by IFN-gamma. The results suggest that C3 production in the intestinal mucosa may be regulated locally by cytokines in a paracrine or autocrine manner. |
### Instruction:
Does induction of heat shock protein 70 protect thymocytes against radiation-induced apoptosis?
### Response:
| Our data show that HSP 70 induction protects thymocytes from radiation-induced apoptosis by down-regulating p53 and bax expression. The induction of HSP 70 may represent a novel mechanism by which the immunosuppressive effects and the associated infectious complications of radiation therapy can be minimized. |
### Instruction:
Does internal and external anal sphincter anatomy as it relate to midline obstetric lacerations?
### Response:
| The internal anal sphincter lies between the anal mucosa and the external anal sphincter and extends more than a centimeter above the cranial margin of the external sphincter, a region where it is disrupted when a fourth-degree obstetric laceration has occurred. |
### Instruction:
Do amniotic fluid interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels predict the success of tocolysis in patients with preterm labor?
### Response:
| The success of tocolysis and thus delivery remote from an episode of preterm labor is associated with discriminatory amniotic fluid IL-6 and IL-8 levels of less than 20 and less than 15 ng/mL, respectively. If the immunologic response that causes the release of IL-6 and IL-8 has not occurred, the likelihood of successf... |
### Instruction:
Does percutaneous delivery of the gax gene inhibit vessel stenosis in a rabbit model of balloon angioplasty?
### Response:
| Percutaneous adenovirus delivery of the gax gene to rabbit iliac arteries following endothelial denudation and vessel wall injury reduces neointimal hyperplasia and luminal stenosis, but does not affect endothelium-dependent vasomotion. This study demonstrates that a VSMC transcription factor can potentially be utilize... |
### Instruction:
Do structural brain abnormalities in male schizophrenics reflect fronto-temporal dissociation?
### Response:
| These results support the existence of a relative 'fronto-temporal dissociation' in schizophrenia which we suggest may be due to lack of mutually trophic influences during frontal and temporal lobe development. |
### Instruction:
Is presence of the cagA gene in the majority of Helicobacter pylori strains independent of whether the individual has duodenal ulcer or asymptomatic gastritis?
### Response:
| The high prevalence of the cagA gene in asymptomatic gastritis suggests that it will not prove to be a useful marker to distinguish more virulent or disease-specific H. pylori strains. The genetic heterogeneity among H. pylori strains makes PCR an unwise choice as the single method to determine prevalence of a putative... |
### Instruction:
Does gap junction uncoupler heptanol prevent cell-to-cell progression of hypercontracture and limits necrosis during myocardial reperfusion?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that hypercontracture may be transmitted to adjacent myocytes through gap junctions and that heptanol may interfere with this transmission and reduce the final extent of myocardial necrosis during reoxygenation or reperfusion. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis tested and open a... |
### Instruction:
Are cell-derived microparticles generated in patients during cardiopulmonary bypass highly procoagulant?
### Response:
| This study is the first to demonstrate that microparticles generated in vivo can stimulate coagulation. |
### Instruction:
Does membrane phosphorylation protect the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca ( 2+ ) -ATPase against chlorinated oxidants in vitro?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that microsomal phosphorylation protects the Ca pump fully against 10 microM NaOCl or NH2Cl, which inhibit Ca-uptake by 21-41% when assayed at 25 or 37 degrees C and saturating Ca2+ in unphosphorylated microsomes, and protects partially at higher oxidant concentrations. The protective effect of protei... |
### Instruction:
Do left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in patients with permanent pacemakers?
### Response:
| The left atrial appendage ejection fraction was lower with ventricular pacing than with synchronous pacing. With ventricular pacing there was a trend towards increased prevalence of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in patients in sinus rhythm, and a significantly increased prevalence in patients with atrial fibril... |
### Instruction:
Does bupivacaine infiltration into the neurovascular bundle of the prostatic nerve improve postoperative pain or recovery following transvesical prostatectomy?
### Response:
| Following transvesical prostatectomy, prostatic nerve blockade has no beneficial effects on postoperative pain or patient outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does hHV-8 ( KSHV ) establish latency in prostate cancer cell lines?
### Response:
| At baseline, prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3 did not express viral gene products. Extensive coculture experiments were also negative. In no instance could latency for the virus be established. Our results argue against the involvement of HHV-8 in prostate cancer and for a limited tissue tropism of HH... |
### Instruction:
Do skin surface lipids inhibit adherence of Candida albicans to stratum corneum?
### Response:
| Specific epithelial lipids can modulate adherence of CA to keratinized epithelial surfaces. |
### Instruction:
Do low serum estradiol and high serum progesterone concentrations characterize hypertensive pregnancies at high altitude?
### Response:
| We speculate that reduced placental oxygen pressure (PO2) at high altitude may decrease placental aromatase activity and thereby lower estradiol and estriol concentrations. The factor(s) responsible for the rise in progesterone is unknown. Possibly, high progesterone relative to estradiol concentrations contributes to ... |
### Instruction:
Are estrogen receptors identified in the glioblastoma cell line U138MG?
### Response:
| Tamoxifen may be acting through the ER in some glioblastoma cells. |
### Instruction:
Are atrophic changes of gastric mucosa caused by Helicobacter pylori infection rather than aging : studies in asymptomatic Japanese adults?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the chronological changes in the gastric mucosa in Japanese individuals are either entirely related to H. pylori infection or the process is greatly accelerated by H. pylori infection. |
### Instruction:
Does albumin excretion rate increases during acute myocardial infarction and strongly predict early mortality?
### Response:
| These data show that AER increases during AMI and that it yields prognostic information additional to that provided by clinical or echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular performance. |
### Instruction:
Does previous intravenous chemotherapy alter response rate or survival time of patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer treated by hepatic artery chemotherapy?
### Response:
| Previous administration of i.v. chemotherapy did not affect the CEA response of patients receiving HAC. |
### Instruction:
Does pregnancy induce an increase in the expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in uterine artery endothelial cells?
### Response:
| Pregnancy increases the expression of both GAPDH mRNA and protein in UAEC. Furthermore, the pregnancy-induced increase in GAPDH protein in the endothelium of the uterine artery appears specific, as it is not observed in the omental (systemic) artery. This induction is not, however, reproduced in vitro with exogenous NO... |
### Instruction:
Does flow decrease myogenic reactivity of mesenteric arteries from pregnant rats?
### Response:
| These results suggest that pregnancy alters the interaction of the physical forces of pressure and flow on the arterial wall in a manner consistent with decreased vascular resistance. |
### Instruction:
Is mobile atheroma of the aortic arch an underestimated source of embolization?
### Response:
| Mobile atheroma are recognized sources for embolization. Patients with generalized atherosclerosis should be screened for this condition in cases of systemic embolization. Anticoagulation may have therapeutic considerations in the management of this condition. |
### Instruction:
Are high negative appendectomy rates no longer acceptable?
### Response:
| We have achieved a negative appendectomy rate lower than that in other reported series, while maintaining an acceptable perforation rate. In the majority of patients, perforated appendicitis is a result of late presentation. |
### Instruction:
Is long-acting diltiazem CD safe and effective in a hypertensive Mexican-American population?
### Response:
| Diltiazem CD is safe and effective in hypertensive Mexican-Americans, and diastolic blood pressure reductions compare with those in non-Hispanic white patients. |
### Instruction:
Is extracapsular invasion of lymph node metastasis an indicator of distant metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma?
### Response:
| The presence of extranodal invasion in patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma is an indicator of distant metastasis and poorer prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Are angular and fibrous particles in lung markers of job categories?
### Response:
| The results of the study may not be representative of the broad spectrum of workers in the industrial activities in which they have been involved. However, the detailed composition of the retained particles of our workers is explained both qualitatively and quantitatively by their work histories. Finally, the broad ran... |
### Instruction:
Does speech perception result for children with implants with different levels of preoperative residual hearing?
### Response:
| While the results of this preliminary study confirm previous findings of differential outcomes for children with different levels of preoperative residual hearing, they suggest that children with severe to profound hearing impairments should be considered for cochlear implantation. |
### Instruction:
Do phoneme acquisition in the first 4 years of implant use?
### Response:
| Overall, the data suggest similar trends in the order of phoneme acquisition when compared to normally-hearing children, although it would appear that the process of acquisition in children with cochlear implants occurs at a slower rate. |
### Instruction:
Does oncostatin M stimulate monocyte chemoattractant protein-1- and interleukin-1-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 production by human synovial fibroblasts in vitro?
### Response:
| These results suggest that OSM has potentially important functions in the modulation of chemokine and metalloproteinase production by synovial cells of the joint. |
### Instruction:
Are heterogenous nuclear RNP C1 and C2 core proteins targets for an autoantibody found in the serum of a patient with systemic sclerosis and psoriatic arthritis?
### Response:
| Several essential components of the spliceosome are targeted by autoantibodies that are present in the sera of patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. We also found that the hnRNP core proteins C1 and C2 are recognized by the autoantibody present in the serum of a patient with SSc and PsA. C1 and C2 hnRNP proteins s... |
### Instruction:
Is endothelium-dependent dilatation impaired in young healthy subjects with a family history of premature coronary disease?
### Response:
| Healthy young adults with a family history of premature coronary disease may have impaired endothelium-dependent dilatation, even in the absence of other cardiovascular risk factors. Those subjects, who were free of risk factors and whose affected first-degree relative was free of risk factors, had the most impaired en... |
### Instruction:
Is coronary endothelial dysfunction in humans associated with myocardial perfusion defects?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that coronary endothelial dysfunction in humans may be temporally associated with myocardial perfusion defects and supports a role for the coronary epicardial and microcirculation endothelium in regulating myocardial perfusion. Myocardial ischemia may occur in humans with impaired endothelium-de... |
### Instruction:
Is use of fine needle aspiration for solid breast lesions accurate and cost-effective?
### Response:
| Fine needle aspiration biopsy of solid palpable breast lesions should be the diagnostic procedure of choice for those patients classified clinically as probably benign or clinically as highly suspicious for cancer. Cost analysis revealed elimination of an open biopsy in such cases would save $1,100 per patient. For hig... |
### Instruction:
Does early aggressive treatment for Merkel cell carcinoma improve outcome?
### Response:
| These data suggest that early aggressive treatment for MCC improves both tumor control and survival, whereas the early use of chemotherapy does not improve outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does ketamine decrease intracranial pressure and electroencephalographic activity in traumatic brain injury patients during propofol sedation?
### Response:
| These results suggest that ketamine may not adversely alter cerebral hemodynamics of mechanically ventilated head-trauma patients sedated with propofol. These encouraging results should be confirmed in larger groups of similar patients. |
### Instruction:
Does oral clonidine premedication reduce minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane for tracheal intubation in children?
### Response:
| Oral clonidine premedication decreased the MAC(TI) of sevoflurane. Nitrous oxide also decreased the MAC(TI). The combination of clonidine and N2O lessened the MAC(TI) of sevoflurane more than did either drug alone. |
### Instruction:
Is right coronary artery stenosis associated with impaired cardiac endocrine function during exercise?
### Response:
| This paradoxical effect of right coronary artery disease limits the value of natriuretic peptide measurements as predictors of coronary disease severity. Impaired release of B-type natriuretic peptide may reduce exercise tolerance in patients with right coronary artery disease. |
### Instruction:
Do plasma concentrations of adrenomedullin correlate with the extent of pulmonary hypertension in patients with mitral stenosis?
### Response:
| Plasma concentrations of adrenomedullin are increased in patients with mitral stenosis. This may help to attenuate the increased pulmonary arterial resistance in secondary pulmonary hypertension due to mitral stenosis. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term oral anticoagulation reduce bone mass in patients with previous hemispheric infarction and nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation?
### Response:
| Bone mineral density was significantly lower in stroke patients with long-term warfarin treatment than in untreated patients. Both warfarin-induced reduction in vitamin K function and lowered vitamin K1 concentrations are probable causes of this osteopenia. |
### Instruction:
Is the lipid transfer activity of phosphatidylinositol transfer protein sufficient to account for enhanced phospholipase C activity in turkey erythrocyte ghosts?
### Response:
| PITP acts by catalytically transferring phosphatidylinositol down a chemical gradient which is created as a result of the depletion of phosphatidylinositol at its site of use by the concerted actions of the phosphoinositide kinases and PLC. PITP is therefore not a co-factor for the phosphoinositide-metabolizing enzymes... |
### Instruction:
Does human p21-activated kinase ( Pak1 ) regulate actin organization in mammalian cells?
### Response:
| These results indicate that Pak1, acting through a protein that contains an SH3 domain, regulates the structure of the actin cytoskeleton in mammalian cells, and may serve as an effector for Cdc42 and/or Rac1 in promoting cell motility. |
### Instruction:
Does dNA methylation direct a time-dependent repression of transcription initiation?
### Response:
| Silencing of transcription by DNA methylation is achieved at the level of transcription initiation and involves the removal of transcriptional machinery from active templates. This transcriptional repression can occur by indirect mechanisms involving the time-dependent assembly of repressive nucleoprotein complexes, wh... |
### Instruction:
Does the anti-oestrogen tamoxifen produce haemodilution in normal postmenopausal women?
### Response:
| These data suggest that tamoxifen exerts a haemodilutory effect in normal postmenopausal women. Since a similar effect has been reported in response to postmenopausal oestrogen therapy, it is likely that the observed changes represent another oestrogenic effect of tamoxifen in postmenopausal women. Haemodilution may co... |
### Instruction:
Are proinflammatory cytokines , measured in a mixed population on arrival in the emergency department , related to mortality and severity of disease?
### Response:
| Serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines collected at admission to the ED were related to the severity of disease and hospital mortality. |
### Instruction:
Is platelet aggregation impaired during anaesthesia with sevoflurane but not with isoflurane?
### Response:
| Sevoflurane, but not isoflurane, alters platelet aggregation in the clinical situation, possibly by suppression of thromboxane A2 formation. |
### Instruction:
Is routine monitoring of gentamicin serum concentrations in pediatric patients with normal renal function unnecessary?
### Response:
| Our data do not support the routine monitoring of gentamicin concentrations in pediatric patients older than 3 months of age who are receiving appropriate standard doses of gentamicin and have normal renal function. |
### Instruction:
Does hydroxychloroquine reverse thrombogenic properties of antiphospholipid antibodies in mice?
### Response:
| Hydroxychloroquine significantly diminished both thrombus size and total time of thrombus formation in mice previously injected with IgG-APS. |
### Instruction:
Do elevated second-trimester dimeric inhibin A levels identify Down syndrome pregnancies?
### Response:
| Elevated second-trimester maternal serum inhibin A levels identify Down syndrome pregnancies; replacing estriol with inhibin A in the multiple-marker screening test improves test performance. |
### Instruction:
Do upper motor neuron lesions in stroke patients induce anterograde transneuronal degeneration in spinal anterior horn cells?
### Response:
| The present quantitative analysis provides no evidence of anterograde transneuronal degeneration of lower motor neurons after upper motor neuron damage in stroke patients. |
### Instruction:
Do sex and strain influence the effect of ethanol on central monoamines?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate strain and sex differences in monoamine response to acute doses of ethanol, and further implicate (via changes in DOPAC) presynaptic mechanisms in the effects of ethanol on dopamine. |
### Instruction:
Does nitroglycerin-induced hypoxemia produce myocardial ischemia?
### Response:
| Nitroglycerin-induced hypoxia does not compromise oxidative metabolism of myocardium as can be assessed by a concomitant decrease in coronary sinus lactate concentration. |
### Instruction:
Does tA90 immune complex predict survival following surgery and adjuvant vaccine immunotherapy for stage IV melanoma?
### Response:
| Prevaccine TA90-IC level correlated strongly with overall and disease-free survival in our stage IV melanoma patients receiving postoperative PMCV immunotherapy. This is the first serum marker shown to have importance in predicting the survival of melanoma patients receiving adjuvant immunotherapy after complete resect... |
### Instruction:
Does specific retinal diacylglycerol and protein kinase C beta isoform modulation mimic abnormal retinal hemodynamics in diabetic rats?
### Response:
| These results provide direct evidence that DAG elevation and subsequent PKC-beta isoform activation are the primary biochemical sequelae responsible for the development of the abnormal retinal hemodynamics observed in diabetic rats. |
### Instruction:
Do young Malaysian children with lower respiratory tract infections show low incidence of chlamydial infection?
### Response:
| Chlamydiae are infrequent causes of community-acquired acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and very young children in Malaysia. |
### Instruction:
Does [ In-line leukocyte depletion ov thrombocytapheresis concentrate with the Fresenius-AS-104 cell separator ]?
### Response:
| Filtration reduced leukocytes by 98.5%. Residual leukocyte contamination remained clearly below 5 x 10(6) (mean 0.5 +/- 0.6 x 10(6), maximum 2.8 x 10(6). Platelet loss by filtration was found to be between 27.4 and 0.7% (median 8.5%). Filtration caused a significant decrease of platelet aggregability (p < 0.005), but n... |
### Instruction:
Does carbon monoxide contribute to the cytokine-induced inhibition of surfactant synthesis by human type II pneumocytes?
### Response:
| Intracellular cGMP increase due to an endogenous generation of both CO and nitric oxide mediates the cytokine-induced inhibition of surfactant synthesis by type II pneumocytes. Both lipid peroxidation and heme oxygenase activity are sources for the observed CO production. |
### Instruction:
Does enteral vitamin E supplementation inhibit the cytokine response to endotoxin?
### Response:
| Our data demonstrate that a short-term, high-dose enteral supplementation of vitamin E can modulate the monocyte and macrophage response to endotoxin. These data, along with other animal studies showing a protective effect of vitamin E treatment in sepsis and ischemia-reperfusion injury, suggest a potential role for vi... |
### Instruction:
Does caloric restriction diminish the age-associated loss of immunoreactive catalase in rat prostate?
### Response:
| CAT appears to be a secretory product of the epithelial cells in the lateral lobes of the rat prostate. Further, CR from late-middle age opposed the age-associated loss of this intracellular enzyme activity. |
### Instruction:
Does nitroG-L-arginine methyl ester reduce the minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane in rabbits?
### Response:
| Our preliminary result shows that the MAC of isoflurane in animals treated with L-NAME was lower than that in the control group. It is suggested that inhibition of the nitric oxide pathway may enhance the effect of isoflurane. |
### Instruction:
Does additional lead improve defibrillation efficacy with an abdominal 'hot can ' electrode system?
### Response:
| Defibrillation energy depends on the hot can placement site. The addition of a subclavian vein lead with an abdominal hot can improves defibrillation efficacy to the level of the pectoral placement and is better than a purely transvenous lead configuration. |
### Instruction:
Does lung volume reduction surgery alter management of pulmonary nodules in patients with severe COPD?
### Response:
| Simultaneous LVRS and resection of a suspected bronchogenic carcinoma is feasible and associated with minimal morbidity and significantly improved pulmonary function and dyspnea. |
### Instruction:
Are routine nebulized ipratropium and albuterol together better than either alone in COPD . The COMBIVENT Inhalation Solution Study Group?
### Response:
| In patients with COPD, maintenance SVN therapy with IB and ALB provides better bronchodilation than either therapy alone without increasing side effects. |
### Instruction:
Are mHC-II but not MHC-I responses required for vaccine-induced protection against ocular challenge with HSV-1?
### Response:
| Passive antibody transfer, but not vaccination, protected A beta o/o mice against ocular challenge. In contrast, vaccination completely protected beta(2)mo/o mice. These results suggest for a vaccine to provide optimal protection against ocular HSV-1 challenge in this system, it is not only sufficient, but it is also r... |
### Instruction:
Does positive serum screening for fetal Down syndrome predict adverse pregnancy outcome in absence of fetal aneuploidy?
### Response:
| Our findings demonstrate no apparent increase in the adverse perinatal outcomes analyzed in women having unexplained positive serum screening for fetal Down syndrome. Although further investigation is needed, these results provide no evidence to support increased antepartum surveillance in such patients. |
### Instruction:
Are elevated maternal serum midtrimester alpha-fetoprotein levels associated with fetoplacental ischemia?
### Response:
| Midtrimester amniotic fluid angiogenin levels are significantly elevated in patients with elevated midtrimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. Because angiogenin is a known marker of tissue ischemia, resulting in neovascularization, we hypothesize that elevation of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels at t... |
### Instruction:
Is t ( 11 ; 18 ) ( q21 ; q21 ) the most common translocation in MALT lymphomas?
### Response:
| In this study we report nine cytogenetically studied MALT lymphomas, three of which feature a novel t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation which has also been observed in five other MALT cases described in the literature. This recurrent translocation is the most common translocation associated with MALT lymphomas being presen... |
### Instruction:
Does intraclonal molecular heterogeneity suggest a hierarchy of pathogenetic events in Burkitt 's lymphoma?
### Response:
| c-myc translocation and bcl-6 mutations appear to be early events, mutations in the coding region of c-myc occur early but are an ongoing event, while mutations in the p53 gene seem to occur later. Discrete clonal bands reflecting independent EBV infection were observed in the cell lines from one HIV-associated Burkitt... |
### Instruction:
Is endothelial dysfunction associated with cholesterol levels in the high normal range in humans?
### Response:
| These data suggest that an inverse and continuous relationship exists between the prevailing cholesterol level and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Moreover, cholesterol levels even in the normal range may be associated with endothelial dysfunction, thus potentially contributing to the increased risk of macrovascula... |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of nitric oxide synthase decrease anesthetic requirements of intravenous anesthetics in Xenopus laevis?
### Response:
| The results of the present study show that acute inhibition of NOS by L-NAME results in reduced anesthetic requirements of the intravenous anesthetics thiopental, propofol, and ketamine. This interaction of acutely administered L-NAME and intravenous anesthetics indicates that the NO-cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphat... |
### Instruction:
Does rehabilitation of dogs with surgically treated cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle by use of electrical stimulation of muscles?
### Response:
| Improved lameness scores, larger thigh circumference, and decreased radiographically apparent bony changes observed for the treated group of dogs support the hypothesis that dogs treated by EMS after surgical stabilization of the CrCL-deficient stifle had improved limb function, with less DJD, than did dogs treated wit... |
### Instruction:
Does increased bile acid pool inhibit cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase in cholesterol-fed rabbits?
### Response:
| Feeding cholesterol increased hepatic cholesterol and stimulated sterol 27-hydroxylase and alternative bile acid synthesis, which expanded the bile acid pool and inhibited cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase in rabbits. In distinction, hepatic sterol 27-hydroxylase was insensitive to changes in the bile acid pool. |
### Instruction:
Do corticosteroids repress the interleukin 1 beta-induced secretion of collagenase in human intestinal smooth muscle cells?
### Response:
| Corticosteroids repress the collagenolytic action of IL-1 beta on HISM cells in vitro and therefore should promote healing in the inflamed intestine. |
### Instruction:
Is vesicle movement in rat hepatocytes reduced by ethanol exposure : alterations in microtubule-based motor enzymes?
### Response:
| Long- and short-term ethanol exposure markedly reduces hepatocellular vesicle transport by a mechanism apparently independent of any alteration in the enzymatic activity of molecular motors, possibly involving a change in the function of dynamin. |
### Instruction:
Is chemokine gene expression in rat pancreatic acinar cells an early event associated with acute pancreatitis?
### Response:
| Chemokines are induced in acinar cells by treatments that induce pancreatitis and may play an important role in the early stages of the disease. |
### Instruction:
Is pelvic anatomy and pathology influenced by distention of the rectum : defecoperitoneography before and after rectal filling with contrast medium?
### Response:
| A distended rectum may conceal existing pathology, such as peritoneocele and enterocele, at defecoperitoneography. Defecoperitoneography should, therefore, include a radiograph before the rectum is filled. This radiograph shows the habitual anatomy of the patient in the sitting position and may demonstrate pathologic f... |
### Instruction:
Is cD44 expression up-regulated in the deep zone of osteoarthritic cartilage from human femoral heads?
### Response:
| CD44 expression displays a distinct zonal variation in normal articular cartilage which is lost in osteoarthritic cartilage due to an up-regulated expression in the deep zone. CD44 expression does not exhibit topographical variation. |
### Instruction:
Does the vagina have reducing environment sufficient for activation of Trichomonas vaginalis cysteine proteinases?
### Response:
| These results show that the vagina of women has a reducing environment adequate for activation of trichomonad proteinases. The data underscore that the host environment plays a role in the host-parasite interrelation. Finally, hypotheses can now be formulated to help explain resistance and susceptibility to infection c... |
### Instruction:
Do reasons for first teen pregnancies predict the rate of subsequent teen conceptions?
### Response:
| The reasons teen mothers give for not using contraceptives consistently before their first pregnancies predict the occurrence of subsequent conceptions during adolescence. Those who attribute their previous failure to use contraceptives consistently to side-effect concerns and their own lack of motivation to postpone c... |
### Instruction:
Does prostaglandin E1 protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver by inhibition of neutrophil adherence to endothelial cells?
### Response:
| We conclude that PGE1 protects the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion via down-modulation of ICAM-1 expression on the endothelium. |
### Instruction:
Do uterine closure with the endo stitch 10-mm laparoscopic suturing device -- a review of 50 laparoscopic myomectomies?
### Response:
| The Endo Stitch Laparoscopic Suturing Device in combination with a running, locked suture technique achieves a rapid, hemostatic, clinically secure closure of the endometrium and myometrium. The Endo Stitch and our modified suture technique were not associated with adhesions or blockage of the fallopian tubes or uterin... |
### Instruction:
Does concomitant administration of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor voglibose ( AO-128 ) alter the pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide?
### Response:
| Voglibose did not interact with glibenclamide on a pharmacokinetic level. Concomitant treatment was well tolerated and has been proven to be safe for further clinical use. |
### Instruction:
Do postoperative radiographic assessment of the Combi 40 cochlear implant?
### Response:
| Digital radiographs obtained in the modified Chausse III projection allow clear depiction of the electrode and avoid overlapping. Such radiographs enable a reliable and accurate assessment of the position and insertion depth of the electrode of this new cochlear implant. Such images can serve as a baseline for further ... |
### Instruction:
Are vasodilator effects of estrogen diminished by androgen in postmenopausal women?
### Response:
| Estrogen-androgen treatment does not diminish the vasodilator effects of estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women. |
### Instruction:
Does a K-ras oncogene increase resistance to sulindac-induced apoptosis in rat enterocytes?
### Response:
| c-K-ras-transformed enterocytes are relatively resistant to sulindac sulfide-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis, which may result from specific reduction of bak expression. |
### Instruction:
Does a selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor suppress the growth of H-ras-transformed rat intestinal epithelial cells?
### Response:
| Overexpression of COX-2 may contribute to tumorigenicity of ras-transformed intestinal epithelial cells. Selective inhibition of COX-2 activity inhibits growth of ras-transformed intestinal epithelial cells and induces apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Does enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-induced myosin light chain phosphorylation alter intestinal epithelial permeability?
### Response:
| For the first time, these data show that a physiological consequence of the long-recognized increase in MLC20 phosphorylation by EPEC is perturbation of intestinal epithelial barrier function, which probably contributes to the diarrhea associated with this infection. |
### Instruction:
Do psychological preparedness for trauma as a protective factor in survivors of torture?
### Response:
| The study findings lend support to the role of prior immunization to traumatic stress and to unpredictability and uncontrollability of stressors in the effects of traumatization. Further research aimed at identifying the behavioural and cognitive components of psychological preparedness that play a role in traumatizati... |
### Instruction:
Does estrogen mustard induce cell cycle arrest of human epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines?
### Response:
| These results are consistent with a MAP-microtubule mechanism of action for EM in ovarian carcinoma cells and provide reason to conduct further study of EM for potential use in the treatment of human epithelial ovarian cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is induction of tolerance with nondepleting anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies associated with down-regulation of TH2 cytokines?
### Response:
| This study demonstrated that anti-CD4 mAb therapy did not inhibit activation and infiltration of Th1 and CD8+ effector T cells. Preferential induction of Th2 responses, especially IL-4, was not essential for the induction of tolerance. Our studies also found no evidence to support induction of anergy or transforming gr... |
### Instruction:
Is presence of circulating prostate cells in the bone marrow of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy predictive of disease-free survival?
### Response:
| RT-PCR PSA of bone marrow may be a useful pretreatment prognostic test for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Currently, this test should not be used to determine if patients receive definitive local therapy. |
### Instruction:
Are expression of the smooth-muscle proteins alpha-smooth-muscle actin and calponin , and of the intermediate filament protein desmin parameters of cardiomyocyte maturation in the prenatal rat heart?
### Response:
| The results indicate that alpha-SMA, calponin, and desmin are involved in the myofibrillar development in rat heart. The presence of spatiotemporal differences in the expression of these proteins reveals regional differences in the developmental timing of cardiomyocyte maturation. The maturation process extends from th... |
### Instruction:
Do the influence of high-frequency jet ventilation with varying cardiac-cycle specific synchronization on cardiac output in ARDS?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates instantaneous variations in cardiac output in a human subject with fixed rates of HFJV near to the HR in humans. These variations are abolished by synchronous HFJV but cardiac output was dependent on the timing of the HFJV inspiration in relation to the cardiac cycle. COc is a potentially valuab... |
### Instruction:
Are better maternal outcomes achieved with dexamethasone therapy for postpartum HELLP ( hemolysis , elevated liver enzymes , and thrombocytopenia ) syndrome?
### Response:
| Patients who received dexamethasone for postpartum-onset HELLP syndrome experienced a shorter disease course, faster recovery, less morbidity, and less need for other interventionist therapy compared with patients with HELLP syndrome who did not receive dexamethasone. |
### Instruction:
Does low density lipoprotein enhance the thrombin-induced growth of vascular smooth muscle cells?
### Response:
| In summary, low density lipoprotein may enhance the mitogenic effect of thrombin probably by an up-regulation of thrombin receptor gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells or by an elevation of the thrombin-induced increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration. |
### Instruction:
Do speech perception performance of nucleus multichannel cochlear implant users with partial electrode insertions?
### Response:
| The present results suggest that partial insertion of a multichannel implant device is an appropriate and feasible approach to the surgical management and auditory rehabilitation of children with extensive or complete ossification of the cochlea. |
### Instruction:
Is routine preoperative `` one-shot '' intravenous pyelography indicated in all patients with penetrating abdominal trauma?
### Response:
| Routine preoperative IVP is not necessary in all patients undergoing laparotomy for penetrating trauma. The number of IVPs can be safely reduced by 60% if the indications are narrowed to include only those stable patients with a flank wound or gross hematuria. |
### Instruction:
Are stereological estimates of the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and star volume on fibreoptic biopsies of prognostic value for survival in a preliminary study of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that histopathological data may help to predict prognosis in patients with advanced squamous cell lung carcinoma, and encourage the use of morphometric procedures in histopathological analysis of this type of lung tumour. |
### Instruction:
Does adjuvant radiation therapy cause urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy : results of a prospective randomized study?
### Response:
| In this prospective randomized study 60 Gy. external radiation therapy administered between 3 and 4 months after radical prostatectomy for pathologically locally advanced prostate cancer had no significant influence on urinary continence. |
### Instruction:
Does systemic hyperoxia decrease vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in ischemic primate retina?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate that systemic hyperoxia can lower retinal VEGF gene expression and reoxygenate ischemic adult primate retina. |
### Instruction:
Does in situ end-labeling of human testicular tissue demonstrate increased apoptosis in conditions of abnormal spermatogenesis?
### Response:
| In situ end-labeling of testis biopsy specimens from infertile men demonstrates increased apoptosis in maturation arrest and hypospermatogenesis states compared with normal spermatogenesis and the Sertoli cell-only pattern. This unique observation implicates a prominent role for this form of programmed cell death in th... |
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