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### Instruction:
Is in vivo resistance to corticosteroids in bronchial asthma associated with enhanced phosyphorylation of JUN N-terminal kinase and failure of prednisolone to inhibit JUN N-terminal kinase phosphorylation?
### Response:
| Resistance to corticosteroids in asthmatic subjects may be caused, at least in part, by failure to suppress JNK phosphorylation, leading to failure to suppress c-JUN N-phosphorylation. Increased JNK may be one of the mechanisms central to the mechanism of CR asthma. |
### Instruction:
Does salmeterol compromise the bronchodilator response to albuterol during acute episodes of asthma?
### Response:
| In patients with asthma, chronic use of salmeterol doses not interfere with the effects of standard doses of albuterol for the treatment of acute decompensations. |
### Instruction:
Does nucleotide binding by TAP mediate association with peptide and release of assembled MHC class I molecules?
### Response:
| Peptide-mediated dissociation of the MHC class I molecule from the loading complex depends on conformational signals arising from TAP. Integrity of the nucleotide-binding site is required not only for transmission of this conformational signal to the loading complex, but also for binding of peptide to TAP. Thus, the dy... |
### Instruction:
Do nANOS-3 and FBF proteins physically interact to control the sperm-oocyte switch in Caenorhabditis elegans?
### Response:
| The data suggest that NOS-3 participates in the sperm-oocyte switch through its physical interaction with FBF, forming a regulatory complex that controls fem-3 mRNA. NOS-1 and NOS-2 also function in the switch, but do not interact directly with FBF. The three C. elegans nanos genes, like Drosophila nanos, are also crit... |
### Instruction:
Does dopexamine reduce the incidence of acute inflammation in the gut mucosa after abdominal surgery in high-risk patients?
### Response:
| Dopexamine in doses of 0.5 and 2.0 microg/kg/min affords significant histologic protection to the upper gastrointestinal tract mucosa 72 hrs after operation in high-risk surgical patients undergoing abdominal surgery. |
### Instruction:
Does background ionizing radiation play a minor role in the production of chromosome translocations in a control population?
### Response:
| The background translocation frequency in control individuals follows a curvilinear relationship with age. No significant variation was observed between individuals of the same age. Clastogenic processes of normal aging and physiological factors in additional to ionizing radiation play a major role in the production of... |
### Instruction:
Does tGF-beta2 in aqueous humor suppress S-phase entry in cultured corneal endothelial cells?
### Response:
| Exogenous TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta2 in aqueous humor suppress S-phase entry of rat corneal endothelial cells. These results suggest that this cytokine in aqueous humor could help maintain the corneal endothelium in a G1-phase-arrested state in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does periodontitis increase chemiluminescence of the peripheral neutrophils independently of priming by the preparation method?
### Response:
| There was no difference between the neutrophils from patients and controls in sensitivity to non-specific priming by the preparation method. The higher FcgammaR-induced CL in patients with periodontitis is not related to such a non-specific priming by density centrifugation. |
### Instruction:
Does l-arginine infusion reduce blood pressure in preeclamptic women through nitric oxide release?
### Response:
| L-Arginine load in pregnant women is associated with increased nitric oxide (NO) production and hypotension. Despite a reduced ability to produce NO, patients with preeclampsia may benefit from L-arginine supplementation. Overall, these findings partially support the hypothesis that preeclampsia is characterized by a d... |
### Instruction:
Do tacrolimus whole blood concentrations correlate closely to side-effects in renal transplant recipients?
### Response:
| We conclude that therapeutic drug monitoring may be helpful in the management of tacrolimus therapy and that tacrolimus whole blood trough concentrations (MEIA) should preferably be kept below 20 ng ml-1 to avoid side-effects, such as nephro-and neurotoxicity and infections. The lower limit of the therapeutic range has... |
### Instruction:
Is failure to respond to treatment with typical antipsychotics associated with CYP2D6 ultrarapid hydroxylation?
### Response:
| Although the results show a trend towards an excess of ultrarapid metabolisers in the nonrefractory group, the percentages in the two groups of patients are both within the range for ultrarapid metabolisers in Caucasian populations. Our data are not consistent with ultrarapid metaboliser status being a major cause of f... |
### Instruction:
Does high-dose nitric oxide inhalation increase lung injury after gastric aspiration?
### Response:
| These results show that inhaled nitric oxide at 80 ppm for a short duration (5 h) increases the severity of the inflammatory microvascular lung injury after acid aspiration. The pulmonary damage is exacerbated further in the presence of high oxygen concentrations. Although lower concentrations of nitric oxide did not i... |
### Instruction:
Is parathyroid hormone-related protein an independent prognostic factor for renal cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| Evident PTHrP(109-141) expression is present in the majority of RCCs. The results of the current study indicate PTHrP(109-141) may be a possible marker of cellular differentiation and may be useful for predicting recurrence free survival in RCC patients after radical nephrectomy. |
### Instruction:
Does leu518Pro mutation of the beta ig-h3 gene cause lattice corneal dystrophy type I?
### Response:
| Although it is extremely rare compared with the Arg124Cys mutation of the beta ig-h3 gene, Leu518Pro mutation of the beta ig-h3 also causes lattice corneal dystrophy type I. |
### Instruction:
Does central administration of an opiate antagonist decrease oral ethanol self-administration in rats?
### Response:
| These results provide evidence that opioid receptors located in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens may be involved in the regulation of ethanol self-administration. |
### Instruction:
Is thick malignant melanoma a long-term problem?
### Response:
| There is evidence for progression from 'thin' to 'thick' melanoma over a 6-to 30-year period. Poor prognosis 'thick' melanomas are currently increasing. Providing removal of 'thin' melanomas is sustained, a decline in 'thick' melanomas is expected but may take decades. |
### Instruction:
Are endoscopic mucosal biopsies useful in distinguishing granulomatous colitis due to Crohn 's disease from tuberculosis?
### Response:
| The type and frequency of granulomas, presence or absence of ulcers lined by epithelioid histiocytes and microgranulomas, and the distribution of chronic inflammation have been identified as histological parameters that can be used to differentiate tuberculosis and Crohn's disease in mucosal biopsy specimens obtained a... |
### Instruction:
Does ibuprofen combined with antibiotics suppress renal scarring due to ascending pyelonephritis in rats?
### Response:
| Renal scarring resulting from acute pyelonephritis in this rat model is not decreased by delayed treatment with antibiotics only. The addition of ibuprofen to antibiotic therapy is effective for decreasing renal scarring due to acute pyelonephritis even when treatment is delayed for 72 hours. |
### Instruction:
Is strontium a potent and selective inhibitor of sensory irritation?
### Response:
| Strontium salts represent a new class of selective inhibitors of sensory irritation and irritant dermatitis. |
### Instruction:
Is inelastic leg compression more effective to reduce deep venous refluxes than elastic bandages?
### Response:
| Using the same bandage pressure, inelastic material is more effective at reducing deep venous refluxes than elastic bandages in patients with venous ulcers. Four-layer bandages show similar efficacy to inelastic bandages. |
### Instruction:
Is retroperitoneoscopic surgery associated with increased carbon dioxide absorption?
### Response:
| In contrast to previous reports our prospective nonrandomized study suggests that retroperitoneoscopy is not associated with greater carbon dioxide absorption compared to transperitoneal laparoscopy. Patients with subcutaneous emphysema exhibited only transient increases in carbon dioxide absorption above control level... |
### Instruction:
Does reduction of oxygen delivery during post-ischemic reperfusion protect the isolated guinea pig heart?
### Response:
| In isolated guinea pig hearts, controlled oxygen delivery during post-ischemic reperfusion by both, reduction of coronary flow and PO2, improves recovery of pump function. The effect is accompanied by less oxidative stress, as indicated by lowered rates of glutathione release. |
### Instruction:
Is sluggish small bowel motility involved in determining increased biliary deoxycholic acid in cholesterol gallstone patients?
### Response:
| This study confirms that patients with cholesterol gallstones have delayed small bowel transit, defective gallbladder motor function, and increased biliary deoxycholic acid. Delayed small bowel transit may contribute to supersaturation of bile with cholesterol by increasing deoxycholic acid production. |
### Instruction:
Does color Doppler imaging disclose reduced ocular blood flow velocities in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration?
### Response:
| Retrobulbar vascular changes in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration subjects include reduced flow velocities in the nasal and temporal posterior ciliary arteries. The reduced peak systolic velocity, combined with the reduced end diastolic velocity at a constant resistive index, seen in nonexudative age-relate... |
### Instruction:
Is nitric oxide-dependent ethanol stimulation of ciliary motility linked to cAMP-dependent protein kinase ( PKA ) activation in bovine bronchial epithelium?
### Response:
| We conclude that ethanol stimulates CBF through activating PKA in bovine bronchial epithelial cells and we suggest a cooperative mechanism involving PKA and nitric oxide. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-1 receptor antagonist attenuate tumor necrosis factor-induced alterations in wound breaking strength?
### Response:
| IL-1ra significantly attenuates the inhibitory effects of systemic TNF on wound healing. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of TNF on cutaneous tissue repair are mediated in part by IL-1. |
### Instruction:
Is temporal 67gallium uptake increased in temporal arteritis?
### Response:
| Ga is specifically incorporated into the temporal area in TA patients which may be due to the granulomatous vasculitic process. Ga uptake ceases during remission. A high GaUR may contribute to TA diagnosis in temporal artery biopsy-negative patients and its role in the diagnosis of other localizations of the disease re... |
### Instruction:
Do correlation between beta2-glycoprotein I valine/leucine247 polymorphism and anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome?
### Response:
| Anti-beta2GPI antibodies were present in 28 of 57 primary APS patients (49%) and in 19 of 31 secondary APS patients (61%). The allele containing valine247 was significantly more frequent in primary APS patients with anti-beta2GPI antibodies than in controls (OR = 2.51, 95%, CI 1.03-6.13, P = 0.0396) or in primary APS p... |
### Instruction:
Does extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein differentially activate the JNK and ERK/MAPK pathways in CD4 T cells?
### Response:
| Tat-mediated activation of JNK requires the second exon of Tat, which is dispensable for the activation of ERK/MAPK. The ability to stimulate JNK and ERK/MAPK does not require Tat internalization. |
### Instruction:
Does replacement of carbohydrate by protein in a conventional-fat diet reduce cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in healthy normolipidemic subjects?
### Response:
| Moderate replacement of dietary carbohydrate with low-fat, high-protein foods in a diet containing a conventional level of fat significantly improved plasma lipoprotein cardiovascular risk profiles in healthy normolipidemic subjects. |
### Instruction:
Do chromosome 17p-linked myasthenias stem from defects in the acetylcholine receptor epsilon-subunit gene?
### Response:
| Chromosome 17p-linked congenital myasthenic syndromes are caused by low-expressor/null mutations in the AChR epsilon-subunit gene. Mutations in this gene are a common cause of CMS in eastern Mediterranean countries. |
### Instruction:
Does heparin inhibit ligand binding to the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 ( CD11b/CD18 )?
### Response:
| We describe a pharmacologically relevant property of heparin that may contribute to its benefits in clinical use. The binding of heparin to Mac-1 and the resulting inhibition in binding of Mac-1 ligands may directly modulate coagulation, inflammation, and cell proliferation. |
### Instruction:
Is a common variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( Glu298 -- > Asp ) a major risk factor for coronary artery disease in the UK?
### Response:
| Homozygosity for a common NOS 3 polymorphism (894 G-->T) which encodes a Glu298-->Asp amino acid substitution in eNOS is a risk factor for angiographic CAD and recent MI in this population. |
### Instruction:
Is high plasma renin activity combined with elevated urinary albumin excretion in essential hypertensive patients?
### Response:
| Our study demonstrates that the UAER is elevated in HR essential hypertensive patients, suggesting that high PRA accelerates the onset of early renal changes in human essential hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Does direct injection of liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin optimize chemomyectomy in rabbit eyelid?
### Response:
| Injection of Doxil resulted in significant reduction of skin injury compared with doxorubicin alone. Although single injections of Doxil were myotoxic, multiple exposure of the eyelid to the liposome-encapsulated form substantially improved myotoxicity while sparing the skin. Repeated doses of the liposome-encapsulated... |
### Instruction:
Is flow after prostaglandin E1 mediated by receptor-coupled adenylyl cyclase in human anterior segments?
### Response:
| In organ preserved perfused human anterior segments, flow and cAMP production in the perfusate are not mediated by receptor-coupled adenylyl cyclase activity at baseline conditions. Perfusion with PGE1 is suggested to increase flow through the trabecular meshwork by stimulation of prostanoid EP2 receptor subtype, EP4 r... |
### Instruction:
Is vasodilation to bradykinin mediated by an ouabain-sensitive pathway as a compensatory mechanism for impaired nitric oxide availability in essential hypertensive patients?
### Response:
| Vasodilation to bradykinin is impaired in essential hypertensive patients because of an NO-system alteration caused by oxidative stress, and it is mediated by an alternative pathway, possibly involving endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. |
### Instruction:
Does addition of vitamin E to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets protect neonatal tissue lipids against peroxidation in rats?
### Response:
| This study shows that the addition of vitamin E protected erythrocyte and liver microsome lipids enriched in (n-3) and (n-6) LCP from lipid peroxidation during the postnatal development of rats. The protection was more effectively in group C+E than in group B+E. |
### Instruction:
Does functional magnetic resonance imaging identify abnormal visual cortical function in patients with occipital lobe epilepsy?
### Response:
| These results suggest that fMRI with full-field stimulation is a reliable, noninvasive method for identifying areas of abnormal visual cortical function ipsilateral to the epileptogenic region in patients with occipital lobe epilepsy. |
### Instruction:
Is sensitization of apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior in mice context dependent?
### Response:
| These results show that pre-exposure to a single high dose of apomorphine induces a long-lasting sensitization of apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior that is context dependent. Since apomorphine directly activates dopamine receptors, these observations suggest that a mechanism located postsynaptic to dopamine neur... |
### Instruction:
Does nutritional support in alcoholic cirrhotic patients improve host defenses?
### Response:
| Nutritional support in alcoholic cirrhotic patients improves nutritional status and cell mediated immunity. |
### Instruction:
Does eGF improve recovery following relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction in the neonatal rat?
### Response:
| Short-term administration of EGF markedly attenuates both tubular and interstitial injury one month following the release of UUO in the neonatal rat. This suggests therapeutic potential for targeted delivery of growth factors to optimize recovery after release of urinary tract obstruction. |
### Instruction:
Does pluronic P85 increase permeability of a broad spectrum of drugs in polarized BBMEC and Caco-2 cell monolayers?
### Response:
| P85 increases AP to BL permeability in BBMEC and Caco-2 monolayers with respect to a broad panel of structurally diverse compounds, that were previously shown to be affected by P-gp and/ or multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) efflux systems. Broad specificity of the block copolymer effects with respect to dru... |
### Instruction:
Is male gender a risk factor for major infections after surgery?
### Response:
| Male gender is associated with a dramatically increased risk of major infections following trauma. This effect is most significant following injuries of moderate severity (Injury Severity Score 16-25) and persists in all age groups. |
### Instruction:
Does oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prohibit aortic aneurysm repair?
### Response:
| Severe home oxygen-dependent COPD is not a contraindication to safe elective open AAA repair. |
### Instruction:
Does transventricular non-transmural laser treatment of hypoperfused porcine myocardium acutely reduce left ventricular contractile function?
### Response:
| Transventricular laser treatment of hypoperfused myocardium decreased left ventricular contractility in the acute phase, possibly due to development of perichannel hematomas and disruption of the wall architecture. In addition, TvL did not alter the regional myocardial oxygen supply/demand balance. These results call f... |
### Instruction:
Are circulating levels of endothelial function modulated by dietary monounsaturated fat?
### Response:
| Consumption of a Mediterranean-type MUFA-diet produces a decrease in plasma levels of vWF, TFPI and PAI-1 plasma levels in young healthy males. Given that these substances are of endothelial origin, one could suggest that the MUFA of the diet has a beneficial effect on endothelial function resulting in protective chang... |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin E improve arterial compliance in middle-aged men and women?
### Response:
| short-term vitamin E supplementation improves arterial compliance. |
### Instruction:
Is the transforming growth factor-beta/SMAD signaling pathway present and functional in human mesangial cells?
### Response:
| Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 are present and activated by TGF-beta1 in human mesangial cells. The SMAD pathway is functional in these cells and appears to be involved in TGF-beta1-induced type I collagen gene transcription. These findings raise the possibility that SMAD signaling plays a role in glomerular matrix accumulati... |
### Instruction:
Is apoptotic retinal neuronal death by ischemia-reperfusion executed by two distinct caspase family proteases?
### Response:
| These findings suggest a possibility that cell-type-specific activation of caspases takes place in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and such caspase may induce retinal neuronal cell death. |
### Instruction:
Does platelet-derived growth factor play a key role in proliferative vitreoretinopathy?
### Response:
| These findings show that PDGF makes an important contribution to the development of PVR in this animal model. Furthermore, there is a marked difference between the two receptors for PDGF, and it is the PDGF alpha receptor that is capable of driving events that lead to PVR. |
### Instruction:
Is induction of glutathione S-transferase hGST 5.8 an early response to oxidative stress in RPE cells?
### Response:
| Results of these studies show that the induction of hGST 5.8, which is involved in the detoxification of the lipid peroxidation products 4-HNE and hydroperoxides, may be an early adaptive response of RPE cells exposed to low levels of transient oxidative stress. It is suggested that this isozyme may be crucial for prot... |
### Instruction:
Do multifocal electroretinogram delays reveal local retinal dysfunction in early diabetic retinopathy?
### Response:
| The M-ERG reveals local retinal dysfunction in diabetic eyes even before retinopathy. The magnitude of delay of local ERG implicit time reflects the degree of local clinical abnormality in eyes with retinopathy. Local response delays found in some eyes without retinopathy suggest that the M-ERG detects subclinical loca... |
### Instruction:
Is dysregulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis related to the clinical course of MS?
### Response:
| HPA axis hyperactivity in MS is related to the clinical type of disease, with a suggestion of increasing HPA axis dysregulation with disease progression. |
### Instruction:
Do changes in serum levels of ICAM and TNF-R correlate with disease activity in multiple sclerosis?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate a linkage between sICAM-1 and sTNF-R levels and disease activity in MS. Furthermore, patients with progressive disease appear to have a different immunologic stage of disease in which immune changes are tightly linked with changes on MRI. The demonstration of a correlation in individual patien... |
### Instruction:
Is inhibition in the human motor cortex reduced just before a voluntary contraction?
### Response:
| The changes in balance of excitation and inhibition of corticospinal neurons associated with a voluntary movement precede the movement and are directed at the corticospinal neurons projecting to the agonists. These changes may help to select the population of cortical neurons responsible for the movement. |
### Instruction:
Do rat C peptide I and II stimulate glucose utilization in STZ-induced diabetic rats?
### Response:
| Physiological concentrations of homologous C peptide stimulate whole body glucose utilization in diabetic but not in healthy rats. C peptide I and II elicit similar effects. The influence of C peptide on glucose utilization may be mediated by nitric oxide. |
### Instruction:
Is hyperglycaemia associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Hoorn population : the Hoorn Study?
### Response:
| High glycaemic variables, especially 2-h post-load glucose concentrations and to a lesser extent HbA1c values, indicate a risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a general population without known diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Do insulin resistant subjects lack islet adaptation to short-term dexamethasone-induced reduction in insulin sensitivity?
### Response:
| The results show that adaptation in islets function to dexamethasone-induced short-term reduction in insulin sensitivity is lacking in subjects with low inherent insulin sensitivity. |
### Instruction:
Do seven year follow up of children presenting to the accident and emergency department with irritable hip?
### Response:
| The protocol used in the department for children with irritable hip is successful in identifying those children with transient synovitis of the hip, or other benign causes, and therefore not requiring hospital admission. Long term follow up showed that no serious pathology was missed. |
### Instruction:
Is pityriasis rosea associated with human herpesvirus 7?
### Response:
| The low detection rate of HHV-7 DNA sequences and antigens argues strongly against a causative role for HHV-7 in the pathogenesis of pityriasis rosea. |
### Instruction:
Is antiproliferative activity present in bladder but not renal pelvic urine from interstitial cystitis patients?
### Response:
| The antiproliferative factor previously found in the urine of IC patients appears to be made and/or activated in the distal ureter or urinary bladder. |
### Instruction:
Does somatoform dissociation discriminate among diagnostic categories over and above general psychopathology?
### Response:
| Somatoform dissociation is a unique construct that discriminates among diagnostic categories. It is highly characteristic of dissociative disorder patients, a core feature in many patients with somatoform disorders, and an important symptom cluster in a subgroup of patients with eating disorders. |
### Instruction:
Are endogenous prostaglandins physiological regulators of endocrine cells in the gastroduodenal mucosa of the rat?
### Response:
| Endogenous prostaglandins, particularly prostaglandin E2, regulate CCK-, enterochromaffin-like-, somatostatin-, GIP- and enterochromaffin cells in the gastroduodenal mucosa of the rat. |
### Instruction:
Does routine thin slice MRI effectively demonstrate the lumbar pars interarticularis?
### Response:
| Contrary to previous findings with 5 mm thick slices, routine thin slice sagittal T1 and T2 images effectively demonstrate the pars interarticularis, with acceptable data acquisition times and image quality. We believe this is mainly due to the thinner slices obtained in our series. |
### Instruction:
Are pCNA bearing structures retained in apoptotic phase of childhood ALL cell cycle?
### Response:
| PCNA/Ki67 ratio excess may not reflect DNA excision repair activity but rather slow degradation of antigen bearing structures limiting relevance to drug resistance study. |
### Instruction:
Is apoptosis corrected proliferation fraction in childhood ALL related to karyotype?
### Response:
| Apoptosis corrected cell proliferation rate in childhood ALL is not independent of karyotype abnormality which may partly explain a relation to therapy response and prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Does proliferation and apoptosis affect presenting white cell count in childhood ALL?
### Response:
| Presenting white cell count is not related to apoptotic or cell proliferative activity or to net tumour growth defined by the balance between these two processes. The relationship to treatment resistance still requires explanation. |
### Instruction:
Is apoptotic fraction in childhood ALL assessed by DNA in situ labelling ploidy independent?
### Response:
| Apoptotic cell fraction in childhood leukaemia is independent of ploidy status and euploid karyotypic anomalies. |
### Instruction:
Do patterns of cerebrospinal fluid catechols support increased central noradrenergic responsiveness in aging and Alzheimer 's disease?
### Response:
| During alpha-2 adrenoreceptor blockade in both aging and AD, there are increased responses of CNS NE biosynthesis and release with unchanged CNS NE clearance. This pattern is consistent with partial loss of CNS noradrenergic neurons with compensatory activation of remaining CNS noradrenergic neurons. Given the marked l... |
### Instruction:
Does propofol reduce the migration of human leukocytes through endothelial cell monolayers?
### Response:
| The authors investigated the influence of propofol and its solvent on the interaction between both cell systems-leukocytes and endothelial cells. Propofol is able to reduce significantly the migration of leukocytes through endothelial cell monolayers. The use of different doses revealed a dose-dependent effect. The cur... |
### Instruction:
Does secondary gain influence the outcome of lumbar but not cervical disc surgery?
### Response:
| Secondary gain in the form of economic compensation influences outcome in lumbar but not cervical disc surgery; this observation may in part account for the success of cervical surgery relative to lumbar discectomy. Social factors that are independent of the anticipation of economic compensation seem to influence the o... |
### Instruction:
Is a positive family history of premature coronary artery disease associated with impaired endothelium-dependent coronary blood flow regulation?
### Response:
| The results of this study demonstrate, for the first time, that a positive family history of coronary artery disease is an important predictor of impaired endothelium-dependent coronary blood flow regulation in humans. The influence of a positive family history is independent of other well known risk factors but instea... |
### Instruction:
Does glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor induce histologic and functional protection of rod photoreceptors in the rd/rd mouse?
### Response:
| GDNF exerts both histologic and functional neuroprotective effects on rod photoreceptors in the rd/rd mouse. Thus rescue was demonstrated in an animal model of inherited retinal degeneration in which the gene defect was located within the rods themselves, similar to most forms of human retinitis pigmentosa. GDNF repres... |
### Instruction:
Do folding studies of immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich proteins suggest that they share a common folding pathway?
### Response:
| This study is the first to compare the folding of structurally related proteins that are members of different superfamilies. The most likely explanation for the results is that interactions that are important in defining the structure of immunoglobulin-like proteins are also used to guide folding. |
### Instruction:
Does an anisocoria produce a small relative afferent pupillary defect in the eye with the smaller pupil?
### Response:
| Clinically, approximately 0.1 log unit of relative afferent pupillary defect is produced in the eye with the smaller pupil for every millimeter of anisocoria. Therefore, the anisocoria must be larger than 2 mm in diameter difference to induce a clinically significant relative afferent pupillary defect. |
### Instruction:
Is vitamin D intake low and hypovitaminosis D common in healthy 9- to 15-year-old Finnish girls?
### Response:
| Hypovitaminosis D is fairly common in growing Finnish girls in the wintertime, and three months of vitamin D supplementation with 10 microg/d was insufficient in preventing hypovitaminosis D. The daily dietary vitamin D intake was insufficient (< 5 microg/d) in the majority of participants, while the calcium intake was... |
### Instruction:
Is intestinal secretion of intravenous talinolol inhibited by luminal R-verapamil?
### Response:
| Intravenously administered talinolol is actively secreted into the human small intestine. This secretion is reduced by the intraluminal supply of the P-glycoprotein modulating drug R-verapamil. This gives further rationale for P-glycoprotein-mediated intestinal drug secretion as a cause for incomplete oral bioavailabil... |
### Instruction:
Do dyslexic children have abnormal brain lactate response to reading-related language tasks?
### Response:
| Dyslexic and control children differ in brain lactate metabolism when performing language tasks, but do not differ in nonlanguage auditory tasks. |
### Instruction:
Does dietary lipid lowering reduce tissue factor expression in rabbit atheroma?
### Response:
| These results suggest decreased expression and activity of TF as a novel mechanism of reduced incidence of thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis by lipid lowering. |
### Instruction:
Is sleep latency shortened during 4 weeks of treatment with zaleplon , a novel nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic . Zaleplon Clinical Study Group?
### Response:
| Zaleplon is effective in the treatment of insomnia. In addition, zaleplon appears to provide a favorable safety profile, as indicated by the absence of rebound insomnia and withdrawal symptoms once treatment was discontinued. |
### Instruction:
Does suppression of mismatch negativity by backward masking predict impaired working-memory performance in alcoholics?
### Response:
| Vulnerability to memory trace disruption by shortly following sounds may be one of the factors contributing to behavioral memory dysfunction in alcoholics. The present result may provide an objective neurophysiological tool for investigation of alcohol-induced and other degenerative brain disorders. |
### Instruction:
Does endobronchial transfection of naked TGF-beta1 cDNA attenuate acute lung rejection?
### Response:
| Endobronchial administration of naked plasmid achieves selective transfection of lung grafts. Using this strategy, TGF-beta1 reduces early lung allograft rejection. |
### Instruction:
Does serologic detection of CagA positive Helicobacter pylori strains predict the presence of peptic ulcer in young dyspeptic patients?
### Response:
| Among young patients with dyspepsia, CagA seropositivity is highly associated with duodenal ulcer at endoscopy. |
### Instruction:
Does selenium replacement in patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome improve clinical outcome?
### Response:
| Selenium replacement in patients with SIRS seems to improve clinical outcome and to reduce the incidence of acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis. |
### Instruction:
Does continuous venovenous hemofiltration improve cardiac performance by mechanisms other than tumor necrosis factor-alpha attenuation during endotoxic shock?
### Response:
| In this acute endotoxic shock model, CWH at 3 Uhr improved cardiac performance and decreased pulmonary vasoconstriction. Moreover, CWH at 6 LUhr also increased arterial blood pressure and left ventricular stroke work, increased hepatic and femoral arterial blood flow, and decreased blood lactate levels. These effects w... |
### Instruction:
Does preoperative preparatory program have no effect on morbidly obese patients undergoing a Lap-Band operation?
### Response:
| The differences were not statistically significant, although the reaction of patients who received the program was positive. |
### Instruction:
Does x-ray elemental analysis differentiate blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in the chick choroid?
### Response:
| These results suggest this bulk-frozen tissue technique can quantify relative changes in elemental species present in various ocular compartments in response to light-induced changes in the retina. |
### Instruction:
Does determination of glutamine in muscle protein facilitate accurate assessment of proteolysis and de novo synthesis-derived endogenous glutamine production?
### Response:
| Direct and specific measurements of glutamine in intact muscle protein were 50% lower than assumed previously. We used data compiled from earlier studies to recalculate the contributions of proteolysis and de novo synthesis to the endogenous production of glutamine in selected age groups of healthy humans; these contri... |
### Instruction:
Does postprandial response of activated factor VII in elderly women depend on the R353Q polymorphism?
### Response:
| This observation may indicate a considerable difference in cardiovascular risk between genotype groups as a result of an increase in FVIIa after a fat-rich diet. |
### Instruction:
Does cereport ( RMP-7 ) increase the permeability of human brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers?
### Response:
| Cereport exerts specific time, dose and size dependent actions on HMBEC monolayer that are restricted to the basolateral membrane. Its effects can be further modulated through changes in cAMP and cGMP second messenger systems. |
### Instruction:
Are ovarian carcinoma cell cultures resistant to TGF-beta1-mediated growth inhibition despite expression of functional receptors?
### Response:
| These results indicate that TGF-beta1 resistance and higher levels of MMP-2 production may be inherent properties of the ovarian cancer phenotype. The initial steps in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, receptor expression, ligand binding, and TbetaR-I phosphorylation, appear to be functional in primary ovarian cancer cel... |
### Instruction:
Does tGF-beta-activating kinase-1 inhibit cell cycle and expression of cyclin D1 and A in LLC-PK1 cells?
### Response:
| The growth-inhibitory effects of TGF-beta are at least partially mediated by the TAK1-MKK6-p38K pathway. Cyclin D1 and A promoter activity and cell cycle progression in renal tubular cells are negatively regulated by the TAK1-MKK6-p38K pathway and positively regulated by the MKK1-p42/44MAPK pathway. |
### Instruction:
Do human islets of Langerhans express the delta ( C ) isoform of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II?
### Response:
| Human islets of Langerhans express the delta(C) isoform of CaM kinase II. |
### Instruction:
Do different placentation patterns in viable compared with nonviable tubal pregnancy suggest a divergent clinical management?
### Response:
| The morphologic findings correlate with preoperative Doppler ultrasonography. They suggest that trophoblast invasion, placental growth, and the fate of tubal pregnancies depend on the implantation site. They encourage a conservative management of anti-mesosalpingially implanted, nonviable ectopic pregnancies in clinica... |
### Instruction:
Is allelic loss on chromosome 1 associated with tumor progression of cervical carcinoma?
### Response:
| Frequent aberrations on chromosome 1 in cervical carcinoma suggest that inactivation of tumor suppressor genes is important in cervical tumorigenesis. Higher frequencies of LOH in Stage III and IV tumors suggest that chromosome 1 changes are late events in cervical carcinoma. The findings of this study are consistent w... |
### Instruction:
Do current definitions of acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome reflect their true severity and outcome?
### Response:
| Since the use of PEEP in the American-European Consensus criteria for ARDS is not mandatory, that definition does not reflect the true severity of lung damage and outcome. Our data support the need for guidelines based on a specific method of evaluating oxygenation status before the American-European Consensus definiti... |
### Instruction:
Is adipocyte development dependent upon stem cell recruitment and proliferation of preadipocytes?
### Response:
| These results show for the first time that S-V cells are recruited as preadipocytes and that proliferation of these preadipocytes and early differentiation occur simultaneously. |
### Instruction:
Does lack of carbachol response indicate the absence of cholinergic receptors in sacs associated with undescended testis?
### Response:
| Lack of carbachol response suggests the absence of cholinergic receptors within the sacs associated with undescended testis. The lack of cholinergic receptors may play a role in the failure of the process of testicular descent by hindering either PV elongation into the scrotum or a possible propulsive activity of the P... |
### Instruction:
Are erosion in medical students ' attitudes about telling patients they students?
### Response:
| Medical students place less importance on informing patients about their student status than patients desire, especially in surgical settings in which the patient is to be anesthetized. Medical students already having completed a clinical rotation stray further from patient ideals than preclinical medical students. The... |
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