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### Instruction:
Do chinese and U.S. internists adhere to different ethical standards?
### Response:
| We found significant differences in clinical ethical beliefs between internists in the United States and China, most evident in informing patients of a cancer diagnosis. In general, the Chinese physicians appeared to give far greater weight to family preferences in medical decision making than did the U.S. physicians. |
### Instruction:
Is the deletion genotype of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme associated with an increased vascular reactivity in vivo and in vitro?
### Response:
| The DD genotype was associated with an increased reactivity to PE in vivo and potentiating effect of exogenous AII in vitro. The higher response to PE in vivo might reflect a higher potentiation by endogenous AII. These data should be considered to understand possible link(s) between cardiovascular disorders and the AC... |
### Instruction:
Does the `` stable '' ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm give a false sense of security?
### Response:
| Normal admission blood pressure led to a decreased sense of urgency, creating avoidable delays and missed opportunities for salvage. |
### Instruction:
Are smoking , blood pressure and serum albumin major determinants of carotid atherosclerosis in dialysis patients . CREED Investigators . Cardiovascular Risk Extended Evaluation in Dialysis patients?
### Response:
| In dialysis patients arterial pressure and smoking are associated with carotid atherosclerosis. Serum albumin appears to serve as an independent predictor of carotid atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Does acute smoking increase ST depression in humans during general anesthesia?
### Response:
| Patients under age 65 without symptoms of ischemic heart disease who smoked shortly before surgery had more episodes of rate pressure product-related ST segment depression than nonsmokers, prior smokers, or chronic smokers who did not smoke before surgery. Females were at greater risk of ST depression than males. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of physician recommendations to exercise among older adults?
### Response:
| Although physician advice appeared to be targeted to subgroups that could benefit, physician advice on exercise could be particularly increased for patients over 75 years of age, those currently not thinking about an increase in physical activity, and those currently active patients who may benefit from ongoing physici... |
### Instruction:
Does influence of the organization of binary mix on their compactibility?
### Response:
| This study clearly demonstrates the influence of the organization of binary mixes on their compactibility. The adhering material makes a percolating network governing the tensile strength of the tablet. From an industrial point of view, it is possible to improve the compactibility of binary mixes without changing their... |
### Instruction:
Is electrostimulation a clinically effective treatment of anal incontinence?
### Response:
| Electrostimulation decreased the incontinence score but all patients except two remained incontinent after 4 months, suggesting that electrostimulation is not a clinically effective treatment of anal incontinence. |
### Instruction:
Does epinephrine transiently increase amino acid disappearance to lower amino acid levels in humans?
### Response:
| Epinephrine transiently affects both rates of amino acid appearance and disappearance, with the net effect being increased in amino acid disappearance. However, epinephrine lowers amino acid concentrations beyond the period that it affects kinetics. These results suggest that the effect of epinephrine on amino acid met... |
### Instruction:
Does infusion protocol improve delivery of enteral tube feeding in the critical care unit?
### Response:
| An evidence-based infusion protocol improved the delivery of ETF in the ICU, primarily because of better physician ordering and more rapid advancement. The nursing staff rapidly assimilated these changes. However, physicians' reluctance to use the protocol limited its efficacy and will need continued educational effort... |
### Instruction:
Is the viral clearance in interferon-treated chronic hepatitis C associated with increased cytotoxic T cell frequencies?
### Response:
| The quantitative induction of HLA-class I restricted responses by interferon-alpha could contribute to a beneficial outcome of hepatitis C virus infections. Furthermore, it appears that the balance between viral load and specific cellular immune responses is critical for successful viral clearance. |
### Instruction:
Does vascular function correlate with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a healthy population of 35-year-old subjects?
### Response:
| There are correlations between vascular reactivity and risk factors for IHD in women and correlations between vessel diameter and risk factors for IHD in both men and women already in a healthy population 35-year-old subjects. Further studies are needed to determine if the vessel diameter in itself, in a healthy popula... |
### Instruction:
Is enhancement of B-cell secretion by blood glucose normalization in type 2 diabetes associated with fasting C-peptide levels?
### Response:
| In type 2 diabetes patients reversibility of the effects of poor metabolic control on B-cell function is variable. Variability is related to B-cell mass in individual patients with type 2 diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Is a reverse flow-metabolism mismatch pattern on PET related to multivessel disease in patients with acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| The finding of a reverse flow-metabolism mismatch on PET in the subacute phase of myocardial infarction was closely related to multivessel disease. |
### Instruction:
Does secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in mice regulate local and remote organ inflammatory injury induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion?
### Response:
| These data indicate that SLPI has protective effects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury and suggest that endogenous SLPI functions to regulate the hepatic inflammatory response. |
### Instruction:
Does irradiation induce increase of adhesion molecules and accumulation of beta2-integrin-expressing cells in humans?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate that in radiation-induced oral mucositis there is no marked vascular damage until the end of radiotherapy. For recruitment of leukocytes, beta2 is more involved than beta1. Pharmaceuticals that block leukocyte adhesion to E-selectin or ICAM-1 may prevent radiation-mediated inflammation in oral muc... |
### Instruction:
Do eye movements reflect impaired face processing in patients with schizophrenia?
### Response:
| Disturbed spatial and temporal patterns of eye movement in some people with schizophrenia may reflect sub-optimal processing of face stimuli, that may predispose these individuals to dysfunctional interpretation of facial communication cues. |
### Instruction:
Does superior temporal gyral volumes and laterality correlate of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia?
### Response:
| The results suggest that auditory hallucinations are subserved by a trait-like dysfunction in language-related neural networks, of which the superior temporal cortex forms one component. The findings are also consistent with theories proposing abnormal lateralization in the etiology of auditory hallucinations. |
### Instruction:
Does laparoscopic partial posterior fundoplication provide excellent intermediate results in GERD patients with impaired esophageal peristalsis?
### Response:
| Partial posterior fundoplication provides an effective antireflux barrier in patients with impaired esophageal body motility. Postoperative dysphagia is diminished, probably because of improved esophageal body function. |
### Instruction:
Does tissue factor expressed in pituitary adenoma cells contribute to the development of vascular events in pituitary adenomas?
### Response:
| Locally overexpressed TF in adenoma cells may contribute to the development of vascular events, such as infarction and/or hemorrhagic infarction, in pituitary adenomas. |
### Instruction:
Is appointment of a Resuscitation Training Officer associated with improved survival from in-hospital ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia cardiac arrest?
### Response:
| Appointment of a Resuscitation Training Officer is associated with improved survival to discharge in ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in-hospital cardiac arrest. |
### Instruction:
Do serum glucagon concentration and hyperinsulinaemia influence renal haemodynamics and urinary protein loss in normotensive patients with central obesity?
### Response:
| The increase of serum glucagon concentrations may be associated with the enhancement of GFR in patients with central obesity. Glomerular hyperfiltration might influence the development of MA and of proteinuria by means of a haemodynamic mechanism so contributing to increase the risk of renal microvascular complications... |
### Instruction:
Do frozen human epidermal allogeneic cultures promote rapid healing of facial dermabrasion wounds?
### Response:
| Epidermal allogenic cultures, preserved by freezing, promoted significantly faster reepithelization and reduced pain intensity of dermabraded facial wounds, suggesting that they could be used routinely to improve the recovery from dermabrasion. |
### Instruction:
Does tourniquet constriction exacerbate hyperalgesia-related pain induced by intradermal capsaicin injection?
### Response:
| Low cutaneous blood perfusion is related to the intensity of ongoing, spontaneous pain when secondary hyperalgesia is present. The specific trigger(s) have yet to be identified. |
### Instruction:
Is arterialization of human vein grafts associated with tenascin-C expression?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that placement of a venous graft in the arterial system leads to expression of TN-C, which may in turn facilitate graft remodeling. Conversely, loss of flow and intravascular pressure, associated with vein graft occlusion, is accompanied by disappearance of TN-C expression. |
### Instruction:
Does increase in serum prorenin precede onset of microalbuminuria in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| Increase in serum prorenin precedes onset of microalbuminuria in normotensive patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. High concentrations of prorenin in combination with high values of glycated haemoglobin can be used as a predictor of development of microalbuminuria. |
### Instruction:
Does ovariectomy increase squamous metaplasia of the uterine horns and survival of SENCAR mice fed a vitamin A-deficient diet?
### Response:
| Factors other than epithelial differentiation per se control survival outcome of vitamin A-deficient mice. The results also show a significant increase in longevity of vitamin A- deficient mice when ovariectomized. |
### Instruction:
Does water incorporated into a food but not served with a food decrease energy intake in lean women?
### Response:
| Consuming foods with a high water content more effectively reduced subsequent energy intake than did drinking water with food. |
### Instruction:
Does chronic treatment with finasteride daily affect spermatogenesis or semen production in young men?
### Response:
| Treatment with 1 mg. finasteride daily for 48 weeks did not affect spermatogenesis or semen production in young men. The effects of 1 mg. finasteride daily on prostate volume and serum PSA in young men without benign prostatic hyperplasia were small and reversible on discontinuation of the drug. |
### Instruction:
Do the effects of marital dissolution and marital quality on health and health service use among women?
### Response:
| Marital dissolution increases the risk for mental and physical health problems, some of which emerge only among women who had harmonious marriages. Marital harmony appears protective against physician visits. Widows should be encouraged to seek help for their health difficulties. Separated women should be counseled tha... |
### Instruction:
Does cardiac memory after radiofrequency ablation of accessory pathways : the post-ablation T wave forget the pre-excited QRS?
### Response:
| T-wave changes after ablation of APs (1) are dependent on anterograde AP conduction at baseline and are not observed with concealed APs; (2) correlate in magnitude directly with the change in QRS axis and inversely with the anterograde AP-ERP; (3) are related to AP location. With termination of pre-excitation secondary... |
### Instruction:
Is re-expression of SPR1 in breast cancer cells by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate ( PMA ) or UV irradiation mediated by the AP-1 binding site in the SPR1 promoter?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrate that loss of SPR1 expression in breast tumor cells results from impaired transactivation through the AP-1 site in the SPR1 promoter, as well as from the presence of a negative regulatory element active in both normal and tumor cells. Furthermore, our results provide a basis for therapeutic manip... |
### Instruction:
Does deposition of beta-amyloid subtypes 40 and 42 differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer disease?
### Response:
| The Abeta plaques were more numerous in patients with DLB than persons with normal aging, but the plaque subtypes were similar. The relative proportion of the 2 Abeta plaque subtypes in DLB is distinguishable from that in AD. |
### Instruction:
Does body fat distribution predict the degree of endothelial dysfunction in uncomplicated obesity?
### Response:
| Uncomplicated obesity per se is characterised by an alteration of the endothelial function; the degree of this vascular damage is predicted by body fat distribution independently of body weight and metabolic and other haemodynamic parameters, and correlates with an index of insulin secretion. |
### Instruction:
Is factor V Leiden mutation associated with ocular involvement in Behçet disease?
### Response:
| These data suggest that FV Leiden may be an additional risk factor for the development of ocular disease and, in particular, retinal vaso-occlusion, and it may contribute to the poor visual outcome in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Is a novel promoter variant of the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor gene associated with lower atrial natriuretic peptide and higher blood pressure in obese hypertensives?
### Response:
| A common 'ancestral' C(-55) variant of the NPRC P1 promoter is associated with lower ANP levels and higher SBP and MBP in obese hypertensives. The C(-55) variant, in the presence of increased adiposity, might reduce plasma ANP through increased NPRC-mediated ANP clearance, contributing to higher blood pressure. |
### Instruction:
Are centrally bradykinin B2-receptor-induced hypertensive and positive chronotropic effects mediated via activation of the sympathetic nervous system?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that the hypertensive and positive chronotropic effects induced by i.c.v. bradykinin are due to stimulation of sympathoneuronal rather than sympathoadrenal pathway in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Do noninvasive assessment of left and right internal mammary artery graft patency with high-frequency transthoracic echocardiography?
### Response:
| Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of the IMAG is a simple noninvasive method to assess the functional impairment of the vessel. |
### Instruction:
Is once-daily intraperitoneal gentamicin effective therapy for gram-negative CAPD peritonitis?
### Response:
| Once-daily IP gentamicin appears to be effective in the treatment of gram-negative CAPD peritonitis. |
### Instruction:
Does the age of the urologist affect the postoperative care of prostate carcinoma patients?
### Response:
| The results of this study suggest that urologist age accounts for some of the variation in the postoperative management of prostate carcinoma patients. Differences in beliefs regarding the benefits of surveillance may be partially responsible for this. Persuasive clinical research will probably be required to increase ... |
### Instruction:
Does digitally reconstructed radiographs from abdominal CT scan as a new tool for radiotherapy planning?
### Response:
| Because of the integration of the geometry of the radiotherapy treatment, the described central beam projection method might be used as a new tool for abdominal radiotherapy planning. The CT protocol offers sufficient contrast enhancement in all relevant structures and provides all necessary anatomic information for in... |
### Instruction:
Does second stage pushing correlate with headache after unintentional dural puncture in parturients?
### Response:
| An increased incidence of PDPH and EBP after UDP occurs in women bearing down in 2nd stage labour when compared with those who never pushed. There was also an association between the cumulative duration of bearing down and the incidence of PDPH. |
### Instruction:
Does corrected TIMI frame count predict 30-day adverse outcomes after reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| The cTFC did not predict adverse outcomes in this population of patients but did show excellent reproducibility within our core laboratory. |
### Instruction:
Are executive functioning deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder independent of oppositional defiant or reading disorder?
### Response:
| Executive functioning deficits were found for only ADHD/CT children and were independent of comorbidity with RD or ODD. |
### Instruction:
Do procedural results of coronary angioplasty but not late mortality have improved in patients with depressed left ventricular function?
### Response:
| Compared with older reports, current hospital outcomes of coronary angioplasty are improved in patients with severely depressed LV function. Unfortunately, late outcomes are not demonstrably better. |
### Instruction:
Is response to retreatment with interferon-alpha plus ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients independent of the NS5A gene nucleotide sequence?
### Response:
| Therapy with interferon-alpha-2b plus ribavirin was well tolerated, achieving an end-of-treatment response in 25 (40.3%) patients. Response did not correlate with the presence of mutations in the NS5A gene analyzed, including the interferon sensitivity determining region (ISDR) and its flanking sequences. |
### Instruction:
Are digital rectal examination and imaging studies unnecessary in men with undetectable prostate specific antigen following radical prostatectomy?
### Response:
| Disease can recur after radical prostatectomy even after an extended biochemical disease-free interval. None of the 1,916 men followed for an average of greater than 5 years after surgery had local recurrence or distant metastasis with an undetectable serum PSA. Based on these observations, we recommend no further eval... |
### Instruction:
Is proprioceptive regulation of voluntary ankle movements , demonstrated using muscle vibration , impaired by Parkinson 's disease?
### Response:
| The present finding of a reduction of vibration induced ankle movement errors in parkinsonian patients resembles qualitatively previous observations of wrist movements, and suggests that Parkinson's disease may produce a general impairment of proprioceptive guidance. |
### Instruction:
Does dobutamine stress echocardiography predict left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| DSE performed during the first week after acute MI predicts subsequent LV remodeling. Infarct size, nonviability of the infarct zone, and age are independent predictors of LV remodeling. Myocardial viability is a strong negative predictor of LV remodeling. |
### Instruction:
Is endotoxin-induced uveitis partially inhibited by anti-IL-8 antibody treatment?
### Response:
| Anti-IL-8 antibody treatment partially blocks EIU in rabbits. A consistent decrease in the recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the anterior chamber was obtained when neutralizing antibody was injected simultaneously with endotoxin. These findings suggest that IL-8 contributes to the chemotactic signal for ... |
### Instruction:
Does cerberus regulate left-right asymmetry of the embryonic head and heart?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that cCer maintains a delicate balance of different TGF-beta family members involved in laterality decisions, and reveal the existence of partially overlapping molecular pathways regulating left-right asymmetry in the head and trunk of the embryo. |
### Instruction:
Is the 4G4G genotype of the plasminogen activator inhibitor 4G/5G gene polymorphism associated with coronary atherosclerosis in patients at high risk for this disease?
### Response:
| The present data indicate that the 4G/4G genotype of the PAI-I gene polymorphism is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease and that the additional presence of major cardiovascular risk factors accelerates the risk for this disease. |
### Instruction:
Are aCE , PAI-1 , decorin and Werner helicase genes associated with the development of renal disease in European patients with type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| The genes studied are unlikely to be involved in the susceptibility to nephropathy in Type 1 diabetic patients. |
### Instruction:
Do pericardial cardiac troponin I release after coronary artery bypass grafting?
### Response:
| Although cardiac troponin I concentrations were much higher in pericardial fluid than in serum and significantly increased in subjects who experienced perioperative Q-wave myocardial infarction, pericardial cardiac troponin I measurements were of less value than serum cardiac troponin I measurements for the diagnosis o... |
### Instruction:
Does monochloramine directly modulate Ca ( 2+ ) -activated K ( + ) channels in rabbit colonic muscularis mucosae?
### Response:
| NH(2)Cl, at concentrations expected to be found during colitis, may contribute to smooth muscle dysfunction by a direct oxidant effect on maxi K(+) channels. |
### Instruction:
Is hyperthyroidism associated with preserved preconditioning capacity but intensified and accelerated ischaemic contracture in rat heart?
### Response:
| Ischaemic contracture is both accelerated and accentuated in thyroxine treated hearts while preconditioning capacity is preserved. Preconditioning and thyroxine administration shorten Tmax in an additive way, whereas Cmax in hyperthyroid hearts did not further increase by preconditioning. |
### Instruction:
Is the extended oligoarticular subtype the best predictor of methotrexate efficacy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
### Response:
| Patients with extended oligoarticular chronic arthritis were more likely to benefit from MTX therapy and to have a relapse after treatment discontinuation, suggesting that MTX is distinctly more effective in this subset of chronic arthritis. |
### Instruction:
Are serum concentrations of insulin , insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins different between white and African American girls?
### Response:
| Higher serum insulin concentrations in the African American girls are associated with lower serum IGFBP-1 concentrations and increased bioavailability of free IGF-I, which may contribute to their accelerated growth compared with their white counterparts. |
### Instruction:
Is tactile feedback present during minimally invasive surgery?
### Response:
| These data indicate that laparoscopic instruments do, in fact, provide surgeons with haptic feedback. Interpretation of the texture, shape, and consistency of objects can be performed. In some situations, laparoscopic instruments appear to amplify the haptic information available. Our ongoing work is directed at furthe... |
### Instruction:
Does nephrin localize to the slit pore of the glomerular epithelial cell?
### Response:
| As a putative cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily, nephrin likely participates in cell-cell interactions between podocyte foot processes and may represent a component of the slit diaphragm. |
### Instruction:
Does integrin alphavbeta3-RGDS interaction mediate fibrin-induced morphological changes of glomerular endothelial cells?
### Response:
| GECs cultured on fibrin gels may develop capillary structure spontaneously, and GECs covered by fibrin gels may undergo disorganization. Our data suggest that these GEC morphological changes are mediated by an integrin alphavbeta3-RGDS interaction. |
### Instruction:
Does polycythemia decrease fatigue in tetanic contractions of canine skeletal muscle?
### Response:
| We conclude that during high metabolic rate isotonic tetanic contractions, muscle fatigue development is diminished by polycythemia, but the ergogenic effect appears to be transient. |
### Instruction:
Are serum transferrin receptor levels increased in asymptomatic and mild Plasmodium falciparum-infection?
### Response:
| sTfR concentrations are increased in asymptomatic and mild P. falciparum-infections suggesting adequate bone marrow response in this condition. The diagnostic value of sTfR levels for iron deficiency may be impaired in areas where stable malaria occurs. |
### Instruction:
Is stem cell factor essential for cell survival and proliferation of soft tissue sarcoma of neuroectodermal origin?
### Response:
| In sarcoma cell lines, c-kit is regulated by differentiation processes; moreover our results suggest that c-kit activity, but probably not the SCF autocrine loop, is essential for survival of these cell lines. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Operation technique determine frequency of recurrence of colorectal carcinoma ]?
### Response:
| The results indicate that carcinoma of the colorectum should be operated on only at an institution that complies with the standards required for surgery of colorectal carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Is trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene associated with increased plasma leptin levels in obese Chinese women?
### Response:
| Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene is not associated with obesity in Chinese women. Plasma leptin concentrations correlate well with BMI and total fat mass. For obese Chinese women, the Trp64Arg genotype of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene may contribute to an increased plasma leptin level. |
### Instruction:
Does the secondary fungal metabolite gliotoxin target proteolytic activities of the proteasome?
### Response:
| Gliotoxin targets catalytic activities of the proteasome efficiently. Inhibition by gliotoxin may be countered by reducing agents, which are able to inactivate the disulfide bridge responsible for the inhibitory capacity of gliotoxin. |
### Instruction:
Does a traditional beverage prevent iron deficiency in African women of child bearing age?
### Response:
| We conclude that the consumption of traditional beer, rich in iron, protects women against iron deficiency. While the use of an alcoholic beverage is not ideal, our findings suggest that indigenous cultural practices might be successfully employed or adapted for promoting iron nutrition. |
### Instruction:
Does lymphonodular hyperplasia on the duodenal bulb indicate food allergy in children?
### Response:
| LNH in the duodenal bulb was associated mainly with food allergy in children. An endoscopic examination can be used as a new method of assessing gastrointestinal food allergy and differentiating it from celiac disease and other distinct types of gastrointestinal pathology. |
### Instruction:
Does high disease activity at baseline prevent a remission in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?
### Response:
| SLE patients with severe initial clinical manifestations and higher SLEDAI values may achieve clinical remission. |
### Instruction:
Does a single very early dexamethasone dose improve respiratory and cardiovascular adaptation in preterm infants?
### Response:
| Dexamethasone given within 2 hours of delivery to preterm infants <28 weeks' gestation resulted in lower ventilator settings and higher mean blood pressures during the first 7 days. Fewer infants required indomethacin to treat a patent ductus arteriosus. |
### Instruction:
Are matrix metalloproteinase levels elevated in inflammatory bowel disease?
### Response:
| The abundance and activation of matrix metalloproteinases significantly increases in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's mucosa. Inhibitors of these proteolytic enzymes may therefore be of therapeutic value in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. |
### Instruction:
Is selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase in experimental osteoarthritis associated with reduction in tissue levels of catabolic factors?
### Response:
| Our study demonstrates for the first time in vivo in an experimental model of OA, that a selective inhibition of iNOS by L-NIL and the subsequent decreased production of NO also results in a marked decrease in production of major catabolic factors such as MMP, IL-1beta and peroxynitrite, as well as a reduction in COX-2... |
### Instruction:
Does protein hydrolysate formula maintain homeostasis of plasma amino acids in preterm infants?
### Response:
| Virtually identical plasma amino acid concentration patterns were measured with the new hydrolyzed preterm infant formula and the standard preterm infant formula, but longitudinal studies are required before the studied protein hydrolysate can be recommended for preterm feeding in general. |
### Instruction:
Does bidirectional superior cavopulmonary anastomosis improve mechanical efficiency in dilated atriopulmonary connections?
### Response:
| A bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis reduces fluid-energy dissipation in atriopulmonary connections, provides a physiologic distribution of total flow, and maintains some hepatic venous flow to each lung. This approach may be a technically simple alternative to atriopulmonary takedown procedures and conversions to... |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin D receptor genotype influence parathyroid hormone and calcitriol levels in predialysis patients?
### Response:
| The progression of hyperparathyroidism is slower in predialysis patients with BB genotypes than in the other genotypes. Also, calcitriol levels are less reduced in the BB genotype, which may act to lessen the severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism. |
### Instruction:
Do preformatted admission charts for poisoning admissions facilitate clinical assessment and research?
### Response:
| Data collected prospectively with a PFC collects more information than can be obtained retrospectively from case records. In particular, the validity of data on clinical signs on presentation gained from retrospective chart review is questionable. Centers that are interested in collecting data on series of poisonings w... |
### Instruction:
Does prolactin locally produced by synovium infiltrating T lymphocytes induce excessive synovial cell functions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Our findings emphasize the importance of PRL, locally produced by infiltrating T lymphocytes, for aberrant synovial cell functions in RA, and suggest possible clinical application of PRL inhibitors. |
### Instruction:
Is the p22 phox A640G gene polymorphism but not the C242T gene variation associated with coronary heart disease in younger individuals?
### Response:
| Our observations allow the assumption that the p22 phox A640G gene polymorphism is independently associated with the presence and extent of coronary artery disease. |
### Instruction:
Is extrathoracic staging necessary for non-small-cell lung cancer with clinical stage T1-2 N0?
### Response:
| Considering the cost and time savings, staging procedures are not warranted for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer stage T1-2 N0 with negative clinical evaluations. |
### Instruction:
Do extracellular matrixes influence alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in cultured porcine lens epithelial cells?
### Response:
| The ECM influences alpha-SMA expression in cultured porcine LECs. |
### Instruction:
Is matrix metalloproteinase secretion stimulated by TGF-beta in cultured lens epithelial cells?
### Response:
| These results indicate that TGF-beta-mediated processes could be responsible for localized lens capsular heterogeneity, establishing a substrate suitable for cell migration or the release of matrix-bound factors which influence the terminal differentiation of lens cells. |
### Instruction:
Does doxorubicin spread systemically following a local injection into the eyelids of rabbits?
### Response:
| The well described array of serious systemic side effects caused by the use of high systemic doses of doxorubicin as a chemotherapeutic agent made it critical to ascertain how long doxorubicin remained within the injected eyelids, and to determine to what extent and with what time course local injections of chemically ... |
### Instruction:
Does lung recruitment during small tidal volume ventilation allow minimal positive end-expiratory pressure without augmenting lung injury?
### Response:
| We conclude that small tidal volume ventilation after a recruitment maneuver allows ventilation on the deflation limb of the pressure/volume curve of the lungs at a PEEP < P(inf). This strategy a) minimizes lung injury as well as, or better than, use of PEEP > P(inf), and b) ensures a lower PEEP, which may minimize the... |
### Instruction:
Does antiplatelet treatment reduce the severity of subsequent stroke . European Stroke Prevention Study 2 Working Group?
### Response:
| This study suggests that antiplatelet therapy does not influence the severity of recurrent stroke as evaluated with the Rankin scale. However, antiplatelet therapy seems to lengthen the time the patient remains free from a recurrent stroke. |
### Instruction:
Does highly active antiretroviral therapy reverse brain metabolite abnormalities in mild HIV dementia?
### Response:
| HAART improves HIV-CMC in addition to systemic measures of HIV infection. 1H MRS detects improvement of brain injury measured by cerebral metabolites, particularly the glial marker [MI], in patients with early HIV-CMC after HAART. In addition, the degree of improvement in clinical severity of HIV-CMC is related to the ... |
### Instruction:
Is testing of the refractory period in sensory nerve fibres the most sensitive method to assess beginning polyneuropathy in diabetics?
### Response:
| Refractory period measurements of N. suralis are more sensitive than conventional NCV assessment in detection of beginning dysfunction in peripheral nerves of patients with diabetes mellitus without clinical signs of polyneuropathy. |
### Instruction:
Does thermal injury alter endothelial vasoconstrictor and vasodilator response to endotoxin?
### Response:
| Thermal injury may prime remote endothelium and alter the response to a septic focus with an enhanced vasoconstrictor (ET-1) and diminished vasodilator (PGI2/NO) response, a situation that may contribute to postburn distal organ injury. |
### Instruction:
Is massive transfusion of reconstituted whole blood well tolerated in pediatric burn surgery?
### Response:
| Massive transfusion of reconstituted whole blood in severely burned pediatric patients is safe; it does not compromise hemostasis nor is it associated with an increased rate of septic episodes or pulmonary complications. A prospective randomized clinical trial comparing its effectiveness versus packed red cells is nece... |
### Instruction:
Is serum vitamin A concentration elevated in idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
### Response:
| Elevated serum retinol concentration is associated with IIH. Obesity, by itself, does not explain these higher levels. Patients may ingest an abnormally large amount of vitamin A, metabolize it abnormally, or be unusually sensitive to its effects. Alternatively, elevated level of serum retinol may reflect an epiphenome... |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of protein kinase C activity promote heat-induced apoptosis in RIF-1 but not in TR-4 cells?
### Response:
| Inhibition of PKC activity reduces HSP70 induction, which in turn is associated with promotion of heat-induced apoptosis in RIF-1 cells. However, the survival signals in the TR-4 cells are so strong, that even 80% inhibition of PKC activity has minimal impact on heat-induced apoptosis and survival in this thermoresista... |
### Instruction:
Does conductive hearing loss result in a decrease in central auditory system activity in the young gerbil?
### Response:
| Results suggest that, particularly in young animals, a unilateral CHL may have profound effects on metabolic activity in the central auditory system. |
### Instruction:
Does ischemic preconditioning reduce neurologic injury in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia?
### Response:
| Ischemic preconditioning reduces neurologic injury and improves survival in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia. The protective benefit of IPC is acutely invoked after a 30-minute reperfusion interval between the preconditioning and the ischemic event. |
### Instruction:
Does nitric oxide-generating beta-adrenergic blocker nipradilol preserve postischemic cardiac function?
### Response:
| Despite its properties as a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, nipradilol was able to precondition the heart, probably as a result of its ability to produce nitric oxide. |
### Instruction:
Does number of positive systematic sextant biopsies predict surgical margin status at radical prostatectomy?
### Response:
| This study demonstrated that the number of positive sextant biopsies contributes to the prediction of margin status at radical prostatectomy. |
### Instruction:
Does intermittent warm blood cardioplegia provide adequate myocardial resuscitation after global ischaemia?
### Response:
| Following acute global ischaemia left ventricular global function was, in this model, less preserved using warm intermittent compared to warm continuous cardioplegia. |
### Instruction:
Is hepatolobectomy-induced depression of hepatic circulation and metabolism in the dog counteracted by isoflurane , but not by halothane?
### Response:
| The present data indicate that isoflurane has less adverse effect than halothane anesthesia on hepatic circulation, oxygen delivery and energy charge in hepatolobectomy cases. |
### Instruction:
Does reinforcement of a behavioral standard modify individual differences under alcohol?
### Response:
| Situational factors alter individual differences under alcohol, and pharmacological intoxication alone does not appear to account for undue variability in behavior under moderate doses. |
### Instruction:
Does oculomotor function after virtual reality use differentiate symptomatic from asymptomatic individuals?
### Response:
| The oculomotor changes among the symptomatic subjects (increased exophoria at near and reduced AC/A) appears consistent with a reduced accommodative response. In contrast, the asymptomatic subjects show changes (correlated change in phorias) which seem most consistent with adaptation in the tonic component of vergence ... |
### Instruction:
Is sema3A-induced growth-cone collapse mediated by Rac1 amino acids 17-32?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that Sema3A-induced growth-cone collapse is mediated by Rac1 amino acids 17-32, and demonstrate the feasibility of designing new cell-permeable inhibitors of small GTPases. |
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