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### Instruction:
Is radionuclide hysterosalpingography predictive in the diagnosis of infertility?
### Response:
| Our data strongly indicate that a single radionuclide HSG investigation is not able to predict fertility potential. |
### Instruction:
Are preoperative selective portal vein embolizations an effective means of extending the indications of major hepatectomy in the normal and injured liver?
### Response:
| With this technique, liver tumors considered to be unresectable, due to life-threatening volumetric insufficiency, may be considered resectable lesions, and there is an increase in the safety of some extended hepatectomies. These good results were mainly due to application of the distal and proximal free flow embolizat... |
### Instruction:
Does concomitant administration of cholestyramine influence the absorption of troglitazone?
### Response:
| The results were indicative of an alteration in the extent of troglitazone's absorption. Concomitant administration of troglitazone and cholestyramine could severely impair troglitazone's clinical utility as an antihyperglycaemic agent. |
### Instruction:
Does exogenous L-arginine affect angiotensin II-induced renal vasoconstriction in man?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrate that a counterregulatory response of the renal vasculature to high levels of ANG II does not depend on exogenous L-arginine. In healthy subjects, this lack of functional antagonism at the renal vasculature is therefore not a result of NO substrate availability. |
### Instruction:
Does complement activation during blood sampling procedures alter the expression of CD11b/CD18 on human neutrophils?
### Response:
| The quantitative level of the activation marker CD11b/CD18 on neutrophils, but not the EG2 epitope on intracellular ECP in eosinophils is significantly increased by a slight modification of the blood sampling procedure. It is suggested that the observed upregulation of CD11b/CD18 is caused by complement activation with... |
### Instruction:
Does early hypotension worsen neurological outcome in pediatric patients with moderately severe head trauma?
### Response:
| These data suggest that maintaining adequate blood pressure during the early resuscitation of pediatric blunt head trauma patients may improve neurological outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does the solution structure of the N-terminal domain of hepatocyte growth factor reveal a potential heparin-binding site?
### Response:
| The hairpin-loop region of the N domain plays a major role in stabilizing the structure and contributes to a putative heparin-binding site, which explains why it is required for biological functions. These results suggest several basic and/or polar residues that may be important for use in further mutational studies of... |
### Instruction:
Is routine diagnostic laparoscopy unnecessary in staging tumors of the pancreatic head?
### Response:
| The potentially limited usefulness of diagnostic laparoscopy in this series, in retrospect, raises the question of whether routinely using diagnostic laparoscopy in staging tumors of the pancreatic head is cost effective. |
### Instruction:
Does occurrence of pigment precipitate after small incision cataract surgery?
### Response:
| The development of pigment precipitates after foldable IOL implantation did not appear to be affected by the presence of glaucoma or diabetes. Newer, slimmer IOL styles and refined insertion techniques were associated with a lower occurrence of precipitates. |
### Instruction:
Is total gastrectomy necessary for proximal gastric cancer?
### Response:
| The extent of resection for proximal gastric cancer does not affect long-term outcome. TG and PG have similar overall survival rates and time and rate of recurrence, and both procedures can be accomplished safely. |
### Instruction:
Does loss of cardiac magnesium in experimental heart failure prolong and destabilizes repolarization in dogs?
### Response:
| Experimental heart failure results in both tissue and cardiac magnesium loss in the absence of drug therapy. Free cardiac magnesium is significantly reduced, possibly contributing to abnormal repolarization in heart failure. |
### Instruction:
Does a molecular switch change the signalling pathway used by the Fc gamma RI antibody receptor to mobilise calcium?
### Response:
| The switch in Fc gamma RI signalling pathways upon monocyte differentiation is mediated by a switch in the accessory molecule recruited by Fc gamma RI, which lacks its own intrinsic signal transduction motif. As many immune receptors have separate polypeptide chains for ligand binding and signal transduction (allowing ... |
### Instruction:
Is prolonged survival of rat hepatic allografts treated with a pretransplant donor-specific blood transfusion associated with reduced cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant expression?
### Response:
| Donor-specific transfusion treatment decreases tumor necrosis factor-alpha and chemoattractant expression as well as neutrophil accumulation in hepatic allografts. |
### Instruction:
Do leuprolide acetate-treated leiomyomas retain their relative overexpression of collagen type I and collagen type III messenger ribonucleic acid?
### Response:
| Leiomyomas obtained from women treated with GnRH-a show an up-regulation of collagens type I and type III similar to that seen in leiomyomas obtained from women in the proliferative phase of their menstrual cycles. |
### Instruction:
Is acute gouty arthritis seasonal?
### Response:
| Acute gout attacks are significantly more common in the spring. No seasonal variation was seen in patients with acute pseudogout attacks. |
### Instruction:
Is glutathione S-transferase pi expressed in ( pre ) neoplastic lesions of the human uterine cervix irrespective of their degree of severity?
### Response:
| GST pi occurs in normal cervical epithelium and in all stages of premalignant cervix, suggesting an important role in the detoxification process in all these stages. Its ubiquitous presence indicates, in contrast to the earlier reports, that the enzyme does not play a crucial role in the initiation of the carcinogenic ... |
### Instruction:
Does prostaglandin E2 differentially modulate IL-5 gene expression in activated human T lymphocytes depending on the costimulatory signal?
### Response:
| PKA activation differentially modulates IL-5 gene expression and depends on the mode of T-cell activation. |
### Instruction:
Is drug-induced neuroprotection from global ischemia associated with prevention of persistent but not transient activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in rats?
### Response:
| Activation of NF-kappaB in vitro has been reported to promote proapoptotic as well as antiapoptotic mechanisms, depending on the cell type being investigated. In the present in vivo study, the role of the transient activation of NF-kappaB observed at 24 hours may be responsible for the induction of protective factors i... |
### Instruction:
Does skin sensitivity to allergen accurately predict airway response to allergen?
### Response:
| While a correlation between skin test threshold and inhaled reactivity is present in some subjects with allergic asthma, the relationship is inconsistent. |
### Instruction:
Does cromolyn sodium prevent bronchoconstriction and urinary LTE4 excretion in aspirin-induced asthma?
### Response:
| Our results suggest for the first time that inhaled cromolyn sodium is one of the most useful inhibitors of aspirin-induced bronchoconstriction, probably acting by inhibiting the release of cysteinyl leukotrienes, and possibly other chemical mediators, by bronchial inflammatory cells. |
### Instruction:
Are elevated PTH levels in hypovitaminosis D more rapidly suppressed by the administration of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 than by vitamin D3?
### Response:
| The use of both forms of vitamin D supplementation appears to be useful for patients with hypovitaminosis D, elevated PTH levels and high telopeptide excretion. |
### Instruction:
Is epidermal integrin expression upregulated rapidly in human fetal wound repair?
### Response:
| Early upregulation of integrins in fetal wounds may permit rapid keratinocyte migration and reepithelialization, and may be important in limiting the induction of inflammatory mediators and scar. |
### Instruction:
Does continuous intrapulmonary distension with perfluorocarbon accelerate neonatal ( but not adult ) lung growth?
### Response:
| From this preliminary data we conclude: (1) Liquid-based airway distension does accelerate postnatal lung growth, (2) lung architecture remains normal during this period of accelerated growth, (3) adult sheep do not respond to liquid-based airway distension with lung growth, and (4) prolonged exposure to intrapulmonary... |
### Instruction:
Does antenatal glucocorticoid therapy suppress angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in rats with nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
### Response:
| Antenatal steroid therapy, by suppressing pulmonary ACE activity, may reduce the risk of pulmonary hypertension developing in human newborns with antenatally diagnosed CDH. |
### Instruction:
Do endotoxins modulate the autocrine function of organ cultured donor corneas and increase the incidence of endothelial cell death?
### Response:
| Endotoxin induced increases in the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 appear to be correlated with endothelial cell loss. Since no adverse effects of this toxin on long term cultured monolayers of human corneal endothelial cells have been previously observed, the damage incurred in corneal organ culture may well be attributable t... |
### Instruction:
Does leptin selectively increase energy expenditure of food-restricted lean mice?
### Response:
| Leptin controls thermoregulatory energy expenditure when food supplies are scarce and changes food intake, rather than energy expenditure, when food is abundant. |
### Instruction:
Is evidence that eating frequency inversely related to body weight status in male , but not female , non-obese adults reporting valid dietary intakes?
### Response:
| In men, the association between increased EF and lower body weight status may have been influenced by increased physical activity levels. As energy intake did not increase with EF, men appear to have compensated by reducing the mean energy consumed per eating episode. Energy compensation did not take place in women, wi... |
### Instruction:
Does sputum microscopy result at two and three months predict outcome of tuberculosis treatment?
### Response:
| Sputum conversion during the third month of treatment is an important predictor of treatment success; failure to convert predicts treatment failure. |
### Instruction:
Do intravenous infusion of Galalpha1-3Gal oligosaccharides in baboons delays hyperacute rejection of porcine heart xenografts?
### Response:
| Intravenous alphaGal oligosaccharides, by inhibiting anti-alphaGal antibody activity, delay but do not abolish the onset of HAR. |
### Instruction:
Does heterotopic intestinal transplantation aggravate the insult of chronic rejection?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that allografts in heterotopic position are most susceptible to the insult of chronic rejection exemplified by increased proliferative and hypertrophic transformation of intestinal smooth muscle and a marked decrease in mechanical and electrical activity. |
### Instruction:
Does microtubule disruption lead to cellular contraction in human trabecular meshwork cells?
### Response:
| Microtubule disruption causes cellular contraction in HTM cells, and this effect depends on an intact actin cytoskeleton network. Contraction of trabecular meshwork cells in response to various stimuli is an attractive hypothesis for possible homeostatic mechanisms in the outflow pathway, and this may serve as a focus ... |
### Instruction:
Are mice deficient in tumor necrosis factor receptors p55 and p75 , interleukin-4 , or inducible nitric oxide synthase susceptible to endotoxin-induced uveitis?
### Response:
| Mice deficient in TNFR p55 and TNFR p75, IL-4, or iNOS retain the susceptibility to EIU, but TNF-alpha and IL-4 influence the influx of inflammatory cells to the eye during this disease. |
### Instruction:
Does leukocyte filtration affect lymphocyte subpopulations and NK cell function in recipients of blood transfusions?
### Response:
| There seems to be no major change in lymphocyte subpopulations and NK cell function 6 months after blood transfusion. Thus we cannot confirm our previous findings of a reduced number of CD20+ cells after blood transfusion. |
### Instruction:
Does maternal endocrine activation during pregnancy alter neurobehavioral state in primate infants?
### Response:
| The results demonstrate that neurobehavioral state alterations are found in infants from mothers with increased endocrine activity during pregnancy. Neurobehavioral state disorganization can have an adverse impact on the human infant's concurrent and subsequent occupational performance. These findings establish the use... |
### Instruction:
Does intermittent cyclic loading of cartilage explants modulate fibronectin metabolism?
### Response:
| Previous studies reporting that cartilage explants of human and animal osteoarthritic joints synthesize and retain elevated amounts of fibronectin imply that in our experiments mechanical stimuli can induce a fibronectin metabolism in vitro which mimics some of the osteoarthritic characteristics. |
### Instruction:
Does mivazerol prevent the tachycardia caused by emergence from halothane anesthesia partly through activation of spinal alpha 2-adrenoceptors?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that withdrawal of HAL anesthesia in the rat produces a sustained increase in HR due to activation of the sympathetic system and that MIV inhibits this tachycardia via activation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors located at least in part in the spinal cord. |
### Instruction:
Do self-selected diets of lactating women often fail to meet dietary recommendations?
### Response:
| Guidance for lactating women should stress food sources of nutrients likely to be limited in their diets: calcium; zinc; folate; and vitamins E, D, and B-6. |
### Instruction:
Are pica practices of pregnant women associated with lower maternal hemoglobin level at delivery?
### Response:
| The findings suggest that pica practices are associated with significantly lower maternal hemoglobin levels at delivery but are not associated with pregnancy outcomes. Dietitians should ask pregnant women with anemia about pica and should counsel women who report pica regarding the health risks associated with it. |
### Instruction:
Does expression of the retinoblastoma-related gene Rb2/p130 correlate with clinical outcome in endometrial cancer?
### Response:
| In patients with endometrial carcinoma who did not receive radiotherapy or chemotherapy before surgery, the presence of decreased levels of pRb2/p130 in tumor cells is associated with a significantly increased risk of recurrence and death of disease, independent of tumor stage and ploidy status. |
### Instruction:
Is the vasoconstriction induced by endothelin-1 mediated only by ET ( A ) receptors in mesenteric small resistance arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar Kyoto rats?
### Response:
| The contractile effects of ET-1 on mesenteric small resistance arteries of SHR and WKY rats are mediated mostly by ET(A) receptors, whereas ET(B) receptors play a minor role, if any. It is possible, however, that a vasoconstrictor effect of ET(B) receptors on the smooth muscle could be masked by the concomitant stimula... |
### Instruction:
Is low birth weight associated with elevated systolic blood pressure in adolescence : a prospective study of a birth cohort of 149378 Swedish boys?
### Response:
| Birth weight was inversely associated with SBP in a large cohort of young men in their late teens. This supports the notion of a programming effect of fetal growth retardation in utero on haemodynamic regulation in early adult life. |
### Instruction:
Are alterations of neuropsychological function and cerebral glucose metabolism after cardiac surgery related only to intraoperative microembolic events?
### Response:
| HITS during cardiac surgery can cause alterations of both NPF and CMRGlc, even in a low-risk patient group. However, the number of HITS and changes in NPF and CMRGlc are not necessarily interrelated, which indicates that (1) the location of brain damage related to HITS is more important for the development of NPF than ... |
### Instruction:
Is serum uric acid a strong predictor of stroke in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that hyperuricemia is a strong predictor of stroke events in middle-aged patients with NIDDM independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. |
### Instruction:
Do clinically relevant concentrations of ethanol attenuate primed neutrophil bactericidal activity?
### Response:
| Clinically relevant concentrations of ETOH attenuate PMN functions critical in host defense against invading pathogens. These results provide direct in vitro evidence consistent with previous in vivo data that acute alcohol intoxication is important in the pathogenesis of trauma-related infections. |
### Instruction:
Does lactated Ringer 's solution resuscitation cause neutrophil activation after hemorrhagic shock?
### Response:
| Neutrophil activation occurring after LR resuscitation and LR infusion without hemorrhage, but not after resuscitation with shed blood or HTS, suggests that the neutrophil activation may be caused by LR and not by reperfusion. |
### Instruction:
Does seminal fluid factor increase the resistance of the tight junctional complex of cultured human cervical epithelium CaSki cells?
### Response:
| Seminal fluid may regulate cervical mucus production in vivo by modulating endocervical permeability. |
### Instruction:
Is the Finnish follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene mutation rare in North American women with 46 , XX ovarian failure?
### Response:
| The missense mutation in the human FSH receptor gene in Finnish women with POF is uncommon in North American women with POF. The molecular basis of ovarian failure for most patients remains unknown. |
### Instruction:
Are coronary constriction and consequent cardiodepression in pulmonary embolism mediated by pulmonary big endothelin and enhanced in early endothelial dysfunction?
### Response:
| We have demonstrated that an increase in pulmonary release of big endothelin occurs during lung embolism, which, in turn, results in coronary constriction and consequent cardiodepression. This action of big endothelin is based on its local coronary conversion into endothelin. In addition, coronary endothelial dysfuncti... |
### Instruction:
Does impaired neuroendocrine response mediate refractoriness to cardiopulmonary resuscitation in spinal anesthesia?
### Response:
| Spinal anesthesia abolishes the catecholamine release that follows cardiac arrest, while a previously postulated direct adrenal effect of hypoxia stimulating catecholamine release was not confirmed in these experiments. Since epinephrine treatment restores coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) during CPR, we conclude that ... |
### Instruction:
Are medical contraindications a major factor in the underutilization of breast conserving therapy?
### Response:
| Medical contraindications to BCT are not major factors resulting in high mastectomy rates. Strategies like neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which addresses medical contraindications, are unlikely to have a major impact on national rates of BCT. |
### Instruction:
Does anesthetic technique influence brain temperature during cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs?
### Response:
| Deep barbiturate anesthesia resulted in a brain-to-core temperature gradient during CPB that was of a magnitude greater than the 1 degrees C previously reported to modulate ischemic neurologic injury. We speculate that the timely administration of barbiturates (eg, during the latter stages of CPB) may be useful as part... |
### Instruction:
Does a graduating medical school class evaluate their educational experience?
### Response:
| Students at the end of their medical school education at the University of Wisconsin rate the clinical portions of their training as most important to their medical education and residents as their most important teachers. When asked how best to change medical education, their most common responses were to 1) make year... |
### Instruction:
Are tobacco smoking and oestrogen replacement associated with lower total and central fat in monozygotic twins?
### Response:
| Smoking and ERT-use are associated with lower total and central fat in monozygotic postmenopausal twins. In current smokers, the lower central adiposity appears related to its influence on total body fat. In ERT-users, lower central fat may contribute to the reduced cardiovascular risk associated with postmenopausal oe... |
### Instruction:
Does transplantation tolerance prevent cardiac allograft vasculopathy in major histocompatibility complex class I-disparate miniature swine?
### Response:
| These findings in a preclinical system establish the significance of antigen-dependent mechanisms in the pathogenesis of CAV and underscore the importance of achieving tolerance in clinical transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Does blockade of induced xenoantigen expression prevent rejection after retransplantation of accommodated hamster-to-rat heart xenografts?
### Response:
| Accommodated Xgs show a down-regulation of constitutive XAgs, but may be rejected after retransplantation by a mechanism involving EC expression of inducible XAgs. LF is able to block this latter XAg induction. |
### Instruction:
Is early expression of Osteopontin in the chick restricted to rhombomeres 5 and 6 and to a subpopulation of neural crest cells that arise from these segments?
### Response:
| Localized expression in the 5th and 6th rhombomeres suggests that osteopontin may have a role in patterning of postotic neural crest cells that arise from these segments of the hindbrain. In addition, comparison of our current data with those obtained earlier in the rat suggests that there are significant differences e... |
### Instruction:
Does cost minimization analysis and utility of pretreatment and posttreatment total body iodine-131 scan in patients with thyroid carcinoma?
### Response:
| Posttreatment total body I-131 scans yielded additional information in only 10% (6 of 63) of the study patient population treated with postoperative I-131 for thyroid carcinoma. Therefore, the cost, and the associated inconvenience to the patient, of performing a posttreatment total body I-131 scan can be eliminated fo... |
### Instruction:
Is cardiac allograft rejection late after transplantation a risk factor for graft coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| Rejection requiring augmentation of immunosuppression early and late after transplantation is an independent risk factor for the development of angiographically detectable graft CAD. Hence, the search for and treatment of moderate or severe rejection seems to be prudent even late after transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Is clinical failure of CMV retinitis with intravitreal cidofovir associated with antiviral resistance?
### Response:
| Clinical failure of intravitreal cidofovir occurs infrequently, but may be associated with cidofovir-resistant CMV selected by prior ganciclovir or cidofovir treatment. Ocular CMV disease can result from a localized infection with a resistant CMV strain, and antiviral resistance may develop at a local site of infection... |
### Instruction:
Are auditory arousal thresholds higher when infants sleep in the prone position?
### Response:
| Infants show higher arousal thresholds to auditory challenges when sleeping in the prone position than when sleeping in the supine position. The finding could be relevant to mechanisms concerned with the reported association between sudden deaths and the prone sleeping position in infants. |
### Instruction:
Does increased energy expenditure associated with repetitive involuntary movement contribute to growth failure in girls with Rett syndrome?
### Response:
| Increased TDEE as a result of repetitive, involuntary movements does not explain the alterations in growth and body composition of girls with RS. |
### Instruction:
Does addition of rice cereal to formula impair mineral bioavailability?
### Response:
| Adding rice cereal to formula does not impair bioavailability of calcium or iron from infant formulas. Because of the increased total calcium and iron in the mixture of formula and cereal, the overall amount of minerals absorbed from F + R may be greater than from formula alone. |
### Instruction:
Does high-dose recombinant human erythropoietin stimulate reticulocyte production in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome?
### Response:
| Despite increased cytokine levels, pharmacologic EPO blood levels were associated with increased reticulocyte counts in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Do insulin and insulin-like growth factor I stimulate the proliferation of human ovarian theca-interstitial cells?
### Response:
| The present results support the hypothesis that insulin and IGF-I promote the mitotic activity of theca-interstitial cells. These effects may represent mechanisms that lead to hyperplasia of the thecal/stromal compartment in polycystic ovary syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Is secondary donation of frozen embryos more common after pregnancy initiation with donated eggs than after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer and gamete intrafallopian transfer?
### Response:
| Couples and women who did not use their frozen embryos after pregnancy initiation with unfertilized donated eggs were twice as likely to donate them as to have them destroyed. Secondary donation of cryopreserved embryos was much more common after pregnancy initiation with unfertilized donated eggs than after standard I... |
### Instruction:
Do human arthroplasty derived macrophages differentiate into osteoclastic bone resorbing cells?
### Response:
| This is the first report showing that human macrophages isolated directly from periprosthetic tissues surrounding loosened implants can differentiate into multinucleated cells showing all the functional and cytochemical characteristics of osteoclasts. In contrast with other macrophage populations, exogenous M-CSF is no... |
### Instruction:
Does heart rate variability reflect severity of COPD in PiZ alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency?
### Response:
| PiZ alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency COPD is associated with abnormal cardiac autonomic modulation. Indexes of HRV appear to reflect severity and may have prognostic value in COPD patients. |
### Instruction:
Does diminished short-term heart rate variability predict inducible ventricular tachycardia?
### Response:
| Short-term HRV is significantly lower in subjects with inducible VT than in those without clinical or electrocardiographic evidence of VT. The probability of developing sudden death increases substantially when short-term HRV decreases below 50 ms. |
### Instruction:
Does proventil HFA provide bronchodilation comparable to ventolin over 12 weeks of regular use in asthmatics?
### Response:
| Proventil HFA provided bronchodilation comparable to Ventolin and superior effects to HFA-134a placebo over 12 weeks of regular dosing. There was a diminution in bronchodilator response to both Proventil HFA and Ventolin after 4 weeks of use. |
### Instruction:
Do proventil HFA and ventolin have similar safety profiles during regular use?
### Response:
| Proventil HFA had a similar safety profile as Ventolin during regular use. A dosage of 16 puffs per day of propellant HFA-134a was well tolerated by asthmatics. Regular use of either Proventil HFA or Ventolin did not cause asthma control to deteriorate. |
### Instruction:
Does acute oxygen supplementation relieve the impairment of respiratory muscle strength in hypoxemic COPD?
### Response:
| Hypoxemia is an important negative correlate of MIP even in well-nourished COPD patients. Its effect is not reversible with an acute oxygen supplementation. |
### Instruction:
Does dimeric sialyl-Le ( x ) expression in gastric carcinoma correlate with venous invasion and poor outcome?
### Response:
| High expression of dimeric sialyl-Le(x) correlates with venous invasion and poor outcome in gastric carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Does epidermal growth factor receptor-stimulated intestinal epithelial cell migration require phospholipase C activity?
### Response:
| EGF-stimulated intestinal cell migration requires intact EGF receptor tyrosine kinase, phospholipase, and protein kinase C activities. PLCgamma1 may be a key regulatory molecule in the initial EGF receptor signal transduction pathway of EGF-stimulated cell migration. |
### Instruction:
Do lymphocytes in the human gastric mucosa during Helicobacter pylori have a T helper cell 1 phenotype?
### Response:
| These observations show that gastric T cells resemble the Th1 type, which may explain their failure to induce immunity to H. pylori and their ability to contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric disease. |
### Instruction:
Does flow cross-matching identify patients at risk for postoperative elaboration of cytotoxic antibodies?
### Response:
| FCXM is a useful tool to stratify primary renal transplant candidates in terms of potential risk for severe rejection. Furthermore, demonstration of preoperative flow reactivity against class I may identify a subgroup of patients at risk for early elaboration of cytotoxic alloantibody. |
### Instruction:
Is coinfection common in measles-associated pneumonia?
### Response:
| In MAP, coinfection with other microbes is common. Cyanosis and a respiratory rate of > or = 60/min predict a greater risk of dying. |
### Instruction:
Is how nutritional risk assessed and managed in European hospitals : a survey of 21,007 patients findings from the 2007-2008 cross-sectional nutritionDay survey?
### Response:
| The process of nutrition risk assessment varied between units and countries. Additionally, energy goals were frequently not met. More effort is needed to implement current guidelines within daily clinical practice. |
### Instruction:
Does the CRF domain define cytokinin response factor proteins in plants?
### Response:
| CRF genes can be identified in all lineages of land plants, as a distinct subset of AP2/ERF proteins containing a specific and unique CRF domain. The CRF domain can be used to identify previously unclassified predicted genes or genes identified only as members of the AP2/ERF protein family. CRF domain presence and phyl... |
### Instruction:
Does waveform of ophthalmic artery Doppler flow predict the severity of systemic atherosclerosis?
### Response:
| The waveform indices of OA are clinically useful for evaluating the severity of CAD and may help explain the missing link between OA circulation and systemic arterial compliance. |
### Instruction:
Are cardiovascular risk factors and arterial rigidity similar in asymptomatic normocalcemic and hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism?
### Response:
| NC-PHPT and HC-PHPT subjects exhibit similar high rates of traditional CV risk factors, and have comparable indices of arterial stiffness. The lower clinical CV morbidity observed with NC-PHPT remains unexplained, and requires confirmation. Until then, the CV risk associated with NC-PHPT should not be underestimated. |
### Instruction:
Is smoking associated with chronic sympathetic activation in hypertension?
### Response:
| In patients with essential hypertension, smoking is independently associated with chronic increase in MSNA. These findings may have implications for our understanding of the mechanisms linking smoking to cardiovascular events. |
### Instruction:
Is diagnostic yield of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy highly dependent on the presence of a Bronchus sign on CT imaging : results from a prospective study?
### Response:
| ENB diagnostic yield is highly dependent on the presence of a bronchus sign on CT imaging. |
### Instruction:
Is post-challenge hyperglycaemia strongly associated with future macrovascular events and total mortality in angiographied coronary patients?
### Response:
| Post-challenge hyperglycaemia is associated with future macrovascular events in patients undergoing coronary angiography for the evaluation of stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Oral glucose tolerance tests in this high-risk population thus identify patients with a particularly unfavourable prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Hyposmics have less evoked respiratory orienting reactions than normosmics ]?
### Response:
| Maybe this is due to the reduced significance of perceptible odors for hyposmic persons. |
### Instruction:
Is aPOE genotype associated with oral herpetic lesions but not genital or oral herpes simplex virus shedding?
### Response:
| Variation at the APOE locus may be associated with clinical manifestations of HSV-1 infection, but does not appear to correlate with herpes simplex viral reactivation in humans. |
### Instruction:
Is subintimal angioplasty superior to SilverHawk atherectomy for the treatment of occlusive lesions of the lower extremities?
### Response:
| Atherectomy may yield acceptable primary patency and limb salvage in patients with stenotic lesions. Many of the patients treated for occlusive lesions require reintervention. Based on patency and limb salvage, SIA appears superior to atherectomy for the treatment of lower extremity occlusive disease. |
### Instruction:
Does timing of tensor and levator veli palatini force application determine eustachian tube resistance patterns during the forced-response test?
### Response:
| These results indicate that the active resistance waveforms observed during the FRT reflect differences in the temporal pattern of mLVP and mTVP force application to the ET and emphasize that, like the mTVP, the mLVP functionally interacts with the ET. Results also indicate that in normal adults contraction of the mLVP... |
### Instruction:
Does h-reflex to S1-root stimulation improve utility for diagnosing S1 radiculopathy?
### Response:
| Abnormal S1-root H-reflexes reveal lesions at the S1 root in patients with normal tibial H-reflexes; therefore, enhancing diagnostic sensitivity. The appearance of the H-reflex to L4/L5-level stimulation in patient with absent H-reflex to S1-foramen stimulation further localises the site of S1 nerve-root lesion to the ... |
### Instruction:
Does laparoscopic evaluation show deficiencies in memory ring deployment during small ventral hernia repair?
### Response:
| The patch, consisting of both polypropylene and ePTFE, leads to unacceptable morbidity and a high rate of recurrences. By laparoscopic evaluation, these recurrences are probably based on a combination of material characteristics and unavoidable technical errors. |
### Instruction:
Does resveratrol inhibit neuronal apoptosis and elevated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity in diabetic mouse retina?
### Response:
| In the present study, resveratrol prevented diabetes-induced RGC death via CaMKII downregulation, implying that resveratrol may have potential therapeutic applications for prevention of diabetes-induced visual dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Does profile of lipid and protein autacoids in diabetic vitreous correlate with the progression of diabetic retinopathy?
### Response:
| This study is the first to demonstrate diabetes-specific changes in vitreous lipid autacoids including arachidonate and docosahexanoate-derived metabolites indicating an increase in inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory lipid mediators that correlated with increased levels of inflammatory and angiogenic proteins, furth... |
### Instruction:
Is immunohistochemical detection of Ki-67 associated with tumor-infiltrating macrophages and cyclooxygenase-2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| Imunolabeling for Ki-67 was directly correlated with less-differentiated tumors, suggesting that this marker may contribute to understand the biological behavior of OSCC, and help to distinguish risk groups of OSCC. Furthermore, the lack of correlation between Ki-67, COX-2, and CD68 indicates that the latter two marker... |
### Instruction:
Does a20 inhibit post-angioplasty restenosis by blocking macrophage trafficking and decreasing adventitial neovascularization?
### Response:
| A20 downregulates adhesion markers, chemokine production, and adventitial angiogenesis, all of which are required for macrophage trafficking to sites of vascular injury. This, in turn, diminishes the inflammatory milieu to prevent neointimal hyperplasia. |
### Instruction:
Do b-cell and T-cell phenotypes in CVID patients correlate with the clinical phenotype of the disease?
### Response:
| In these large series of CVID patients, the major abnormalities of the B-cell and T-cell compartments, although a hallmark of CVID, were only observed in half of the IO patients and were more frequent and severe in patients with additional lymphoproliferative, autoimmune, and digestive complications. |
### Instruction:
Does epigenetic regulator MLL2 show altered expression in cancer cell lines and tumors from human breast and colon?
### Response:
| Our study indicates that elevated levels of MLL2 in the breast and colon cells are associated with malignancy in these tissues, in contrast to MLL involvement in haematopoietic cancer. In addition, both abnormal cellular localization of MLL2 and incomplete proteolytic processing may be associated with tumor growth/prog... |
### Instruction:
Are higher expression levels of SOCS 1,3,4,7 associated with earlier tumour stage and better clinical outcome in human breast cancer?
### Response:
| Higher mRNA expression levels of SOCS1, 3, 4 and 7 are significantly associated with earlier tumour stage and better clinical outcome in human breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is low reticulocyte hemoglobin content associated with a higher blood transfusion rate in critically ill patients : a cohort study?
### Response:
| Low CHr is common at ICU admission and is associated with higher transfusion requirements. |
### Instruction:
Does world Health Organization fracture risk assessment tool in the assessment of fractures after fall in hospital?
### Response:
| Risk assessment tools for falls are not appropriate for predicting fractures after falls. FRAX might be a useful tool for that purpose. The performance of STRATIFY to predict falls in a Japanese hospital setting was similar to that in previous studies. |
### Instruction:
Does eST analysis reveal putative genes involved in glycyrrhizin biosynthesis?
### Response:
| Using the 454 GS FLX platform and Titanium reagents, our study provides a high-quality EST database for G. uralensis. Based on the EST analysis, novel candidate genes related to the secondary metabolite pathway of glycyrrhizin, including novel genes encoding cytochrome P450s and glycosyltransferases, were found. With t... |
### Instruction:
Does hyaluronic acid hydrogel sustain the delivery of dexamethasone across the round window membrane?
### Response:
| Our results show that the Dex-HA gel used in this study provides an effective and sustained dexamethasone release mechanism that might be utilized to treat conditions such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss. This could potentially reduce the morbidity and costs associated with IT treatment. |
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