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### Instruction:
Is the survival of heart transplant recipients using cyclosporine and everolimus inferior to that using cyclosporine and mycophenolate?
### Response:
| Survival after heart transplantation under EVL or MMF plus CsA and steroid was good. The survival of patients under the regimen of EVL, CsA and, steroid was not inferior to that of subjects prescribed MMF, CsA and steroid up to 5 years. |
### Instruction:
Does ten-year clinical follow-up of a cohort of 51 patients with macroprolactinemia establish it as a benign variant?
### Response:
| During prolonged follow-up, no symptomatic progression was noted in any of our patients. This study suggests that patients with macroprolactinemia and normal concentrations of monomeric prolactin can be reassured, and extended endocrine review of such patients is not required. |
### Instruction:
Is hyperandrogenemia independently associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase activity in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome?
### Response:
| The risk of elevated ALT level is significantly higher in women with PCOS than those without, independent of obesity. The elevated ALT levels in women with PCOS were associated with the increased androgen levels, independent of obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. |
### Instruction:
Does neonatal maternal separation elevate thalamic corticotrophin releasing factor type 1 receptor expression response to colonic distension in rat?
### Response:
| These results suggested an up-regulation of thalamus CRF-R1 is associated with visceral hyperalgesia in the rat model of NMS. |
### Instruction:
Is fGF21 dispensable for hypothermia induced by fasting in mice?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that FGF21 is not essential for the hypothermia that is associated with the early stages of fasting, although it might be involved in the adaptive response of body temperature to chronic starvation. |
### Instruction:
Do repressors NFI and NFY participate in organ-specific regulation of von Willebrand factor promoter activity in transgenic mice?
### Response:
| The NFI and NFY repressors contribute differentially to organ-specific regulation of the VWF promoter, and the organ-specific action of NFI may reflect its organ-specific isoform distribution. In addition, the lung-specific enhancer region of the endogenous VWF gene may inhibit NFI repressor function through chromatin ... |
### Instruction:
Does comparative proteomics profiling reveal role of smooth muscle progenitors in extracellular matrix production?
### Response:
| The present study represents an important conceptual development, suggesting that SPCs may contribute to extracellular matrix production. |
### Instruction:
Is tourette syndrome associated with recurrent exonic copy number variants?
### Response:
| Rare, recurrent exonic copy number variants are associated in a subset of patients with Tourette syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Does mode of arrival predict myocardial infarction in patients who present to the ED with chest pain?
### Response:
| We were unable to show a significant difference in rate of MI between patients who arrived via ambulance or private transportation. Equal consideration and urgency should be given to both types of patients when they arrive at the ED. |
### Instruction:
Is the interaction between serotonin receptor 2A and catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphisms associated with the novelty-seeking subscale impulsiveness?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that the interaction between dopaminergic and serotonergic genes might underlie impulsiveness. Together with earlier research our results also stress the importance of considering novelty seeking as a heterogeneous trait with its subscales having different genetic backgrounds. |
### Instruction:
Do consecutive acupuncture stimulations lead to significantly decreased neural responses?
### Response:
| We found that consecutive acupuncture stimulations on BL62 affected the neural responses in a significant way, resulting in decreased activations during the second acupuncture stimulation. This is an important finding, suggesting that in future fMRI studies on acupuncture, researchers should take this methodological is... |
### Instruction:
Is pharyngeal packing a predisposing factor for postoperative aphthous stomatitis in nasal surgery?
### Response:
| Pharyngeal packing during nasal surgery increases postoperative morbidity by leading to the development of painful oral aphthous lesions. |
### Instruction:
Are mutations in CHMP2B a cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration in Finnish patients?
### Response:
| Our results confirm that mutations in CHMP2B are not a common cause of FTLD. MAPT and PGRN mutations are also rare in Finnish population, suggesting that other, still unknown genetic factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of FTLD in Finnish population. |
### Instruction:
Is the coordinated p53 and estrogen receptor cis-regulation at an FLT1 promoter SNP specific to genotoxic stress and estrogenic compound?
### Response:
| We establish a new dimension to the p53 master regulatory network where p53-mediated transcription from a (1/2) site RE can be determined by ER binding at one or more cis-acting EREs in manner that is dependent on level of ER protein, the type of ER ligand and the specific p53-inducing agent. |
### Instruction:
Does topical riboflavin attenuate ultraviolet B- and ultraviolet A-induced immunosuppression in humans?
### Response:
| Riboflavin is immune protective in humans, and this may reflect the role of the B group vitamins in cellular energy restoration after UV exposure. |
### Instruction:
Does ultraviolet B radiation regulate cysteine-rich protein 1 in human keratinocytes?
### Response:
| CRP1 expression is regulated by UVB in human keratinocytes, suggesting a role for CRP1 in the phototoxic responses of human skin. |
### Instruction:
Do small dead space heat and moisture exchangers impede gas exchange during noninvasive ventilation : a comparison with a heated humidifier?
### Response:
| If one decides to humidify patients' airways during NIV, one may do so with small dead space HME or HH without altering respiratory parameters. |
### Instruction:
Does cinacalcet decrease bone formation rate in hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism after kidney transplantation?
### Response:
| While cinacalcet might decrease bone formation rate, it did not change bone volume, and bone mineral density of the femur increased. Therefore, the use of cinacalcet in hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism might be safe with regard to the bone disease present after kidney transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Does exposure to high-field MRI affect cognitive function?
### Response:
| The improvement in post-MRI testing is only explicable as a result of learning effects. MRI examinations, even in ultrahigh-field scanners, do not seem to have any persisting influence on the attention networks of human cognition immediately after exposure. |
### Instruction:
Does microarray analysis of Shigella flexneri-infected epithelial cells identify host factors important for apoptosis inhibition?
### Response:
| Infection of epithelial cells with S. flexneri induces a pro-survival state in the cell that results in apoptosis inhibition in the presence and absence of staurosporine. The bacteria may target these host factors directly while some induced genes may represent downstream effects due to the presence of the bacteria. Ou... |
### Instruction:
Do the value of digital volume tomography in assessing the position of cochlear implant arrays in temporal bone specimens?
### Response:
| DVT seems to be a convenient technique for postoperative position control after cochlear implantation. |
### Instruction:
Are class I histone deacetylases 1 , 2 and 3 highly expressed in classical Hodgkin 's lymphoma?
### Response:
| HDAC isoforms 1, 2 and 3 are highly expressed in HL. In addition, decreased HDAC1 expression is accompanied by worse outcome in HL. |
### Instruction:
Is the future today : emerging drugs for the treatment of erectile dysfunction?
### Response:
| We expect emerging drugs to allow treatment protocols tailored to the specific needs of each individual patient, taking into consideration the efficacy of erectile performance enhancement and the potential for adverse events. This tailored approach may include combination of various emerging drugs to enhance efficacy i... |
### Instruction:
Are increased Rac1 activity and Pak1 overexpression associated with lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis of upper urinary tract cancer?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that Rac1 activity and Pak1 are involved in LVI and lymph node metastasis of UC-UUT, and may be prognostic markers for this disease. |
### Instruction:
Is low innate production of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 associated with the absence of osteoarthritis in old age?
### Response:
| Low innate capacity to produce the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6 is associated with the absence of OA in old age. |
### Instruction:
Are common variations in estrogen-related genes associated with severe large-joint osteoarthritis : a multicenter genetic and functional study?
### Response:
| Common genetic variations of the aromatase and ER genes are associated with the risk of severe OA of the large joints of the lower limb in a sex-specific manner. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that estrogen activity may influence the development of large-joint OA. |
### Instruction:
Does curcumin reduce angiotensin II-mediated cardiomyocyte growth via LOX-1 inhibition?
### Response:
| Curcumin attenuates Ang II-mediated cardiomyocyte growth by inhibiting LOX-1 and AT1R expression and suppressing the heightened intracellular redox state. |
### Instruction:
Is management of children with empyema : Pleural drainage always necessary?
### Response:
| Some children with empyema can be treated with IV antibiotics alone and have reasonably short LOS. At our institution, those that required intensive care or had large effusions with mediastinal shift were more likely to require pleural drainage. |
### Instruction:
Is maternal psychosocial adversity during pregnancy associated with length of gestation and offspring size at birth : evidence from a population-based cohort study?
### Response:
| Life stress and emotional symptoms both predicted a shorter length of gestation, while only life stress predicted an increased offspring size at birth controlled for length of gestation; yet, the associations were rather small. The fetoplacental-maternal unit may regulate fetal growth according to the type of psychosoc... |
### Instruction:
Does [ Stat3 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide induce apoptosis in laryngeal carcinoma cells by regulating apoptosis-related factors ]?
### Response:
| Stat3 ASODN participate in apoptosis by enhancing the expression of Bax and reducing the expression of Bcl-2 and C-Myc. |
### Instruction:
Do thigh grafts contribute significantly to patients ' time on dialysis?
### Response:
| Thigh grafts provide long-term, thrombosis- and infection-free dialysis access for patients with exhausted arm access sites. The decision for thigh graft placement should, therefore, be made as soon as there is evidence for unavailability of arm access sites so that catheter use can be minimized. |
### Instruction:
Is serious pulmonary toxicity in patients with Hodgkin 's lymphoma with SGN-30 , gemcitabine , vinorelbine , and liposomal doxorubicin associated with an FcγRIIIa-158 V/F polymorphism?
### Response:
| Together with historical data demonstrating a 2% incidence of pulmonary events with GVD, these results indicate that SGN-30 cannot safely be administered concurrently. The risk of pneumonitis with SGN-30 and GVD is greatest in patients with an FcγRIIIa V/F polymorphism. |
### Instruction:
Are surveillance CT scans a source of anxiety and fear of recurrence in long-term lymphoma survivors?
### Response:
| Routine surveillance scans exacerbate underlying anxiety symptoms and fear of recurrence in survivors of aggressive lymphoma. Strategies to minimize follow-up imaging and to improve doctor-patient communication should be prospectively evaluated to address these clinically significant issues. |
### Instruction:
Does single nucleotide polymorphism rs1333049 on chromosome 9p21.3 is associate with Alzheimer 's disease in Han Chinese?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates an association of rs1333049 polymorphism locus on chromosome 9p21.3 with risk for LOAD in Han Chinese. |
### Instruction:
Is celiac crisis a rare but serious complication of celiac disease in adults?
### Response:
| Celiac crisis has a high morbidity and, although rarely described, occurs in adults and often has a clear precipitating factor. Patients who present with severe unexplained diarrhea and malabsorption should be tested for celiac disease; treatment with systemic steroids or oral budesonide should be considered. Nutrition... |
### Instruction:
Does spontaneous bacterial peritonitis before liver transplantation affect patient survival?
### Response:
| Despite higher Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease score at the time of LT, survival times of patients with SBP before LT are similar to those patients without SBP. |
### Instruction:
Does contrast harmonic echo-endoscopic ultrasound improve accuracy in diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses?
### Response:
| Detection of a hypoenhancing and inhomogeneous mass accurately identified patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. CHE-EUS increased the detection of malignant lesions in difficult cases (patients with chronic pancreatitis or biliary stents) and helped guide EUS-FNA. A hyperenhancing pattern could be used to rule out a... |
### Instruction:
Is spiral enteroscopy safe and effective for an elderly United States population of patients with numerous comorbidities?
### Response:
| Spiral enteroscopy is technically feasible and safe in an elderly US population of patients with numerous comorbidities. |
### Instruction:
Does bosentan induce clinical and hemodynamic improvement in candidates for right-sided heart bypass surgery?
### Response:
| Bosentan induces mid-term clinical and hemodynamic improvement in patients with single-ventricle physiology and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure. Bosentan therapy may increase the surgical options and improve outcomes in candidates for right-sided heart bypass surgery. |
### Instruction:
Does differential neuronal vulnerability vary according to specific cardiopulmonary bypass insult in a porcine survival model?
### Response:
| Neuronal vulnerability in different areas of the developing brain varies according to mechanisms of bypass-induced ischemic stress. Certain regional damage may not be apparent in assessing acute neurologic recovery. |
### Instruction:
Does exenatide affect circulating cardiovascular risk biomarkers independently of changes in body composition?
### Response:
| Exenatide treatment for 1 year reduced body fat mass and improved the profile of circulating biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. No significant changes were seen with insulin glargine except a trend for reduced endothelin-1 levels. |
### Instruction:
Does recurrent spreading depolarizations after subarachnoid hemorrhage decrease oxygen availability in human cerebral cortex?
### Response:
| We attribute these clinical p(ti)O(2) findings mainly to changes in local blood flow in the cortical microcirculation but also to augmented metabolism. Besides classical contributors like proximal cerebral vasospasm, CSD clusters may reduce O(2) supply and increase O(2) consumption, and thereby promote DIND. |
### Instruction:
Is vitamin D status associated with relapse rate in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis?
### Response:
| Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) levels are associated with a substantially increased subsequent relapse rate in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis or clinically isolated syndrome, providing rationale for a randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation. |
### Instruction:
Does expression of haptoglobin predict recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| Altogether, the data presented show that cellular expression of haptoglobin is closely related to recurrence rate in HNSCC patients. The elevated risk of relapse was confirmed in a multivariate analysis. The cellular expression of haptoglobin may be a prognostic factor in HNSCC. |
### Instruction:
Is intima-media thickness associated with inflammation and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in non-dialysis-dependent patients with chronic kidney disease?
### Response:
| The present study demonstrated that although the IMT values were within the normal range, there was a clear association of IMT with age, as well as with inflammation in an asymptomatic CKD-NDD population. |
### Instruction:
Does neutrophil granulocyte-dependent proteolysis enhance platelet adhesion to the arterial wall under high-shear flow?
### Response:
| Through their proteases activated neutrophils degrade proteoglycans, unmask VWF binding sites and thus abolish the thromboresistance of the media in human arteries. |
### Instruction:
Is midfoot and hindfoot bone marrow edema identified by magnetic resonance imaging in feet of subjects with diabetes and neuropathic ulceration common but of unknown clinical significance?
### Response:
| Bone marrow edema in the midfoot and hindfoot of subjects with diabetes and neuropathic lesions is common, often transient, and of unknown significance. |
### Instruction:
Is parathyroid hormone level associated with mortality and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing coronary angiography?
### Response:
| Our results among patients undergoing coronary angiography show that PTH levels are an independent risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular events warranting further studies to evaluate whether PTH modifying treatments reduce cardiovascular risk. |
### Instruction:
Is femoral-based central venous oxygen saturation a reliable substitute for subclavian/internal jugular-based central venous oxygen saturation in patients who are critically ill?
### Response:
| This study revealed a significant difference between paired samples of Scv(O(2)) and Sfv(O(2)). More than 50% of Scv(O(2)) and Sfv(O(2)) values diverged by > 5%. Sfv(O(2)) is not always a reliable substitute for Scv(O(2)) and should not routinely be used in protocols to help guide resuscitation. |
### Instruction:
Does minocycline attenuate mechanical allodynia and central sensitization following peripheral second-degree burn injury?
### Response:
| We demonstrate, in a rodent model of burn-associated pain, that the microglial inhibitor minocycline, delivered at the time of burn injury and for 1 week thereafter, has long-lasting effects, attenuating microglial activation and neuronal hyperresponsiveness in the dorsal horns, and ameliorating allodynia for at least ... |
### Instruction:
Does positive affect mediate the relationship between pain-related coping efficacy and interference in social functioning?
### Response:
| The findings from this study demonstrate the mediating role of positive affect in explaining the relationship between pain-related coping efficacy and interference in social functioning in a sample of chronic pain patients. This could potentially assist clinicians who seek to enhance coping efficacy and social function... |
### Instruction:
Does endothelial progenitor cell transplantation improve long-term stroke outcome in mice?
### Response:
| We conclude that systemic delivery of EPCs protects the brain against ischemic injury, promotes neurovascular repair, and improves long-term neurobehavioral outcomes. Our data suggest that SDF-1-mediated signaling plays a critical role in EPC-mediated neuroprotection. |
### Instruction:
Does fra-2 mediate oxygen-sensitive induction of transforming growth factor beta in cardiac fibroblasts?
### Response:
| Taken together with the observation that Fra-2-regulated genes are implicated in fibrosis, identification of Fra-2 as an O(2)-sensitive transcriptional regulator of inducible TGFbeta expression positions Fra-2 as an important player in reoxygenation-induced fibrosis. |
### Instruction:
Do dkk1 and Dkk2 regulate epicardial specification during mouse heart development?
### Response:
| Dkk1 and Dkk2 both inhibit Wnt signaling to regulate early myocardial proliferation and each can compensate for the loss of the other in that role. Wnt signaling regulates myocardial proliferation in both heart fields at early stages. Additionally, Wnt signaling is sufficient to increase proepicardial specification as ... |
### Instruction:
Is beta-cell replication increased in donor organs from young patients after prolonged life support?
### Response:
| These results indicate that preterminal clinical conditions in (young) organ donors can lead to increased inflammatory infiltration of the pancreas and to increased beta-cell replication. |
### Instruction:
Does the ACPA isotype profile reflect long-term radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| The magnitude of the ACPA isotype profile at baseline reflects the risk of future radiographic damage. These results indicate that the presence and the constitution of the ACPA response are relevant to the disease course of RA. |
### Instruction:
Does cigarette smoking exacerbate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats?
### Response:
| CS causes oxidative stress and worsens the severity of NAFLD in obese rats. Further studies should assess whether this finding also occurs in patients with obesity and NAFLD. |
### Instruction:
Is hedgehog signaling critical for normal liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice?
### Response:
| Mechanisms that mediate liver organogenesis, such as Hh pathway activation, are retained and promote reconstruction of adult livers after injury. |
### Instruction:
Does the Hrs/Stam complex act as a positive and negative regulator of RTK signaling during Drosophila development?
### Response:
| Our study shows that the ESCRT-0 complex differentially regulates RTK signalling, either positively or negatively depending on tissues and developmental stages, further highlighting the importance of endocytosis in modulating signalling pathways during development. |
### Instruction:
Do tumor tissue-derived formaldehyde and acidic microenvironment synergistically induce bone cancer pain?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that cancer tissues directly secrete endogenous formaldehyde, and this formaldehyde at low concentration induces metastatic bone cancer pain through TRPV1 activation especially under tumor acidic environment. |
### Instruction:
Are pulse wave velocity and augmentation index , but not intima-media thickness , early indicators of vascular damage in hypercholesterolemic children?
### Response:
| Our findings show that local and systemic arterial stiffness are increased in asymptomatic, normotensive HCh children, suggesting that HCh plays a key role in arterial mechanical impairment since the paediatric age. |
### Instruction:
Does expression of extracellular matrix proteins in human dental pulp stem cells depend on the donor tooth conditions?
### Response:
| The distribution and expression of ECM proteins differ among the hIDPSCs. These differences seemed to be related to the donor tooth conditions (deciduous or permanent, retained or erupted, and degree of root reabsorption). |
### Instruction:
Does ferritin enhance SPIO tracking of C6 rat glioma cells by MRI?
### Response:
| Coordinating ferritin with SPIO can lead to a longer MRI cellular tracking period. |
### Instruction:
Do clinically silent preoperative brain injuries worsen with surgery in neonates with congenital heart disease?
### Response:
| Clinically silent brain injuries identified preoperatively in neonates with congenital heart disease, including stroke, have a low risk of progression with surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass and should therefore not delay clinically indicated cardiac surgery. In this multicenter cohort, balloon atrial septostomy remain... |
### Instruction:
Does diffusion-weighted imaging predict histological grading in meningiomas?
### Response:
| According to our study, DWI and ADC measurement do not seem reliable in grading meningiomas or identifying histological sub-types. Hence, these parameters should not be recommended for surgical or treatment planning. |
### Instruction:
Is the ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism associated with coronary artery disease in Han Chinese : Relation with endothelial ADMA levels?
### Response:
| The rs671 polymorphism of ALDH2 is associated with CAD in Han Chinese, possibly by influencing HDL-C levels and endothelial ADMA levels. |
### Instruction:
Does different reimbursement influence surviving of hip fracture in elderly patients?
### Response:
| The implementation of a payment limited by time for hip fracture fixation surgery increased the number of patients being operated within 48 h, shortened patient LOS, and decreased inpatient mortality. |
### Instruction:
Does computerisation of a paper-based intravenous insulin protocol reduce errors in a prospective crossover simulated tight glycaemic control study?
### Response:
| In a simulated environment, a computerised protocol for TGC resulted in significant insulin dosing error reduction, saved time and improved nurse satisfaction. |
### Instruction:
Is hIV-subtype A associated with poorer neuropsychological performance compared with subtype D in antiretroviral therapy-naive Ugandan children?
### Response:
| HIV subtype A children demonstrated poorer neurocognitive performance than those with HIV subtype D. Subtype-specific neurocognitive deficits may reflect age-related differences in the neuropathogenesis of HIV. This may have important implications for when to initiate ART and the selection of drugs with greater central... |
### Instruction:
Does dental caries experience in young Australian Army recruit 2008?
### Response:
| Caries experience in Australian Army recruits aged 17-25 years increased between 2002-2003 and 2008. Recruits with lifetime exposure to fluoridated drinking water had 25 per cent less caries experience compared with recruits who had no exposure to fluoridated drinking water after adjusting for the effects of age, gende... |
### Instruction:
Is the PXR a drug target for chronic inflammatory liver disease?
### Response:
| PXR activation is anti-inflammatory in the liver and the effects of cyclosporin A in PBC disease recurrence may be mediated in part via the PXR. Since PXR activation promotes hepatocyte growth and is also anti-fibrogenic, the PXR may be an excellent drug target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory liver disease. |
### Instruction:
Is clinical reasoning in the real world mediated by bounded rationality : implications for diagnostic clinical practice guidelines?
### Response:
| Physicians rely on simple heuristics associated with environmental factors. This model allows for robustness, simplicity, and cognitive energy saving. Since this model does not fit into current diagnostic clinical practice guidelines, we make some propositions to help its integration. |
### Instruction:
Does a single amino acid change convert the sugar sensor SGLT3 into a sugar transporter?
### Response:
| In summary, we demonstrate that hSGLT3 functions as a sugar sensor in vivo and that mutating a single amino acid converts this sugar sensor into a sugar transporter similar to SGLT1. |
### Instruction:
Does acetylation of WRN protein regulate its stability by inhibiting ubiquitination?
### Response:
| Taken together, these data demonstrate that WRN acetylation regulates its stability and has significant implications regarding the role of acetylation on WRN function in response to DNA damage. |
### Instruction:
Does exogenous ghrelin accentuate the acute hypoxic ventilatory response after two weeks of chronic hypoxia in conscious rats?
### Response:
| These results describe the impact that ghrelin has in altering ventilatory control following CH and, although the mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, provide guidance for future ghrelin-based studies interpreting physiological data indirectly related to the chemoreflex control of pulmonary ventilation. |
### Instruction:
Do leptin-deficient mice retain normal appetitive spatial learning yet exhibit marked increases in anxiety-related behaviours?
### Response:
| These results emphasise that whilst leptin has previously been shown to modulate aversively motivated learning we found no difference between leptin-deficient mice and their controls in an appetitive learning task. Moreover, both groups showed behavioural flexibility under stressful conditions. On the other hand, lepti... |
### Instruction:
Is tNFalpha a key mediator of the pronociceptive effects of mucosal supernatant from human ulcerative colitis on colonic DRG neurons?
### Response:
| UC supernatants enhance neuronal excitability of sensory dorsal root ganglia neurons innervating the colon. TNFalpha is a key mediator which acts at neuronal TNFR1 to modulate K(v) and Na(v) currents. Together these data provide a number of potential new targets for pain management in UC. |
### Instruction:
Does single administration of the CXC chemokine-binding protein Evasin-3 during ischemia prevent myocardial reperfusion injury in mice?
### Response:
| Single administration of Evasin-3 during myocardial ischemia significantly reduced infarct size by preventing CXC chemokine-induced neutrophil recruitment and reactive oxygen species production in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. |
### Instruction:
Does 6-mercaptopurine inhibit atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein e*3-leiden transgenic mice through atheroprotective actions on monocytes and macrophages?
### Response:
| We report novel, previously unrecognized atheroprotective actions of 6-MP in cultured monocytes/macrophages and in a mouse model of atherosclerosis, providing further insight into the effect of the immunosuppressive drug azathioprine in atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Does a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor vardenafil enhance angiogenesis through a protein kinase G-dependent hypoxia-inducible factor-1/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that PDE5 inhibition enhances ischemia-induced angiogenesis with mobilization of EPCs through a protein kinase G-dependent HIF-1/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. PDE5 inhibition may have a therapeutic potential to treat ischemic cardiovascular diseases. |
### Instruction:
Is atherosclerotic plaque ulceration in the symptomatic internal carotid artery associated with nonlacunar ischemic stroke?
### Response:
| Atherosclerotic carotid plaque ulceration is associated with nonlacunar ischemic stroke, independent of the degree of carotid stenosis. These results suggest that nonlacunar stroke and lacunar stroke are caused by different pathophysiological mechanisms. |
### Instruction:
Is transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and prophylactic transfusion program effective in preventing overt stroke in children with sickle cell disease?
### Response:
| Our program has been successful in reducing the rate of first overt stroke, but with increased use of transfusion. Additional modifications to screening might further reduce the risk of first stroke, and studies of alternative treatments may be beneficial. |
### Instruction:
Is bomapin a redox-sensitive nuclear serpin that affects responsiveness of myeloid progenitor cells to growth environment?
### Response:
| We propose that bomapin is a redox-sensitive nuclear serpin that augments proliferation or apoptosis of leukaemia cells, depending on growth factors availability. |
### Instruction:
Does generalized concentration addition predict joint effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists with partial agonists and competitive antagonists?
### Response:
| The TEF model overpredicts effects of AhR ligands at the highest concentration combinations. At lower concentrations, the difference between GCA and TEF approaches depends on the efficacy of the partial agonist. GCA represents a more accurate definition of additivity for mixtures that include partial agonist or competi... |
### Instruction:
Are height at start , first-year growth response and cause of shortness at birth major determinants of adult height outcomes of short children born small for gestational age and Silver-Russell syndrome treated with growth hormone : analysis of data from KIGS?
### Response:
| Algorithms for AH outcomes provides useful information about the potential of long-term growth on GH in short children born SGA. |
### Instruction:
Does a modified Risser grading system predict the curve acceleration phase of female adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
### Response:
| Two Risser grading systems coexist, and the agreement between them is moderate. No Risser stage was found to be a good clinical landmark for the beginning of the curve acceleration phase of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A new group, Risser 0 with closed triradiate cartilage and Risser 1, was the best predictor of th... |
### Instruction:
Do gut CD103+ dendritic cells express indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase which influences T regulatory/T effector cell balance and oral tolerance induction?
### Response:
| We identified a new IDO-dependent pathway leading to acquisition of tolerogenic functions in mucosal CD103-expressing DCs, indicating IDO as a possible therapeutic target for gut disorders. |
### Instruction:
Do anxiety disorders increase risk for incident myocardial infarction in depressed and nondepressed Veterans Administration patients?
### Response:
| In Veterans Administration patients free of heart disease in 1999 and 2000, those with depression, anxiety disorder unspecified, panic disorder, and PTSD were at increased risk of incident MI. Anxiety disorders are independent risk factors for MI. Depression partially accounts for the effect of anxiety disorders on ris... |
### Instruction:
Is insulin resistance improved in overweight African American boys but not in girls following a one-year multidisciplinary community intervention program?
### Response:
| After one year, this community-based intervention program effectively improved insulin resistance and thus reduced risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in overweight AA boys but did not change the risk in girls compared to control children. |
### Instruction:
Do response times follow lognormal or gamma distribution in arthritis patients?
### Response:
| Study designs might be more efficient if the response distributions are taken into consideration during planning. |
### Instruction:
Do phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors increase Herceptin transport and treatment efficacy in mouse metastatic brain tumor models?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that PDE5 inhibitors may effectively modulate BTB permeability, and enhance delivery and therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal antibodies in hard-to-treat brain metastases from different primary tumors that had metastasized to the brain. |
### Instruction:
Do selective estrogen receptor down-regulator and selective estrogen receptor modulators differentially regulate lactotroph proliferation?
### Response:
| Taken together, our results demonstrate that in lactotrophs, ERalpha degradation results in decreased cell proliferation, whereas ERalpha occupation by an antagonist that does not promote degradation of ERalpha is sufficient to inhibit prl expression. |
### Instruction:
Does laminin and fibronectin treatment lead to generation of dendritic cells with superior endocytic capacity?
### Response:
| These studies underline the importance of including ECM components in in vitro studies investigating DC biology and DC-T cell interaction. Within the context of antigen specific DC induced T cell proliferation, inclusion of ECM proteins could lead to development of more sensitive assays. |
### Instruction:
Does massively parallel signature sequencing and bioinformatics analysis identify up-regulation of TGFBI and SOX4 in human glioblastoma?
### Response:
| Our MPSS database for GBM and normal brain tissues provides a useful resource for the scientific community. The identification of non-SMAD mediated TGF-beta signaling pathways acting through SOX4 and TGFBI (GENE ID:7045) in GBM indicates that these alternative pathways should be considered, in addition to the canonical... |
### Instruction:
Does restoration of high-density lipoprotein levels by cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression in scavenger receptor class B type I ( SR-BI ) knockout mice normalize pathologies associated with SR-BI deficiency?
### Response:
| CETP restores HDL-C levels in SR-BI(KO) mice, but it does not change the susceptibility to atherosclerosis and other typical characteristics that are associated with SR-BI disruption. This may indicate that the pathophysiology of SR-BI deficiency is not a direct consequence of changes in the HDL pool. |
### Instruction:
Does thalidomide maintenance treatment increase progression-free but not overall survival in elderly patients with myeloma?
### Response:
| Thalidomide plus interferon maintenance therapy increased progression-free survival but not overall survival and was associated with slightly more toxicity than maintenance with interferon alone. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00205751). |
### Instruction:
Are methotrexate-induced side effects due to differences in pharmacokinetics in children with Down syndrome and acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
### Response:
| We did not find evidence of differences in the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate between patients with and without Down syndrome which could explain the higher frequency of gastrointestinal toxicity and the greater need for methotrexate dose reductions in patients with Down syndrome. Hence, these problems are most likel... |
### Instruction:
Does acceleration/ejection time ratio in the fetal pulmonary artery predict fetal lung maturity?
### Response:
| There is an inverse correlation between the acceleration-time/ejection-time ratio in the fetal pulmonary artery and the amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. This suggests that ultrasound evaluation of fetal pulmonary artery blood flow may be a promising new noninvasive technique to evaluate fetal lung maturity. |
### Instruction:
Is spontaneous neurocognitive retrieval of patients with sub-acute ischemic stroke associated with dietary protein intake?
### Response:
| In sub-acute strokes, patient neurological and cognitive retrieval could positively be associated with protein intake. |
### Instruction:
Do [ SOCS1 knockdown sensitize anti-tumor activity of IFN-alpha2a-NGR ]?
### Response:
| This study has further demonstrated that there were no differences on antitumor effects between IFN-alpha2a-NGR and IFN-alpha2a on cell or molecular level. Besides interferon-alpha receptor (IFNAR) which has been demonstrated before, p-STAT1, p53 and SOCS1 were important determinants of tumor resistance to IFNs therapy... |
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