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### Instruction:
Is migraine with aura a risk factor for cervical artery dissection : a case-control study?
### Response:
| Our observations suggest that patients with CAD are a significant link between ischemic stroke and migraine. This connection may represent a common pathophysiological or genetic background, or both. Migraine activity appears to be alleviated by CAD. |
### Instruction:
Does self-controlled concurrent feedback facilitate the learning of the final approach phase in a fixed-base flight simulator?
### Response:
| Self-controlled concurrent feedback helps learners to more quickly attune to the informational variables that allow them to control the aircraft during the approach phase. |
### Instruction:
Does menopausal hormone therapy play a major role in left ventricular hypertrophy?
### Response:
| This study provides little evidence of an association between MHT use and LVH. Differences in lifestyle or health-related factors between never and MHT users could provide an explanation, in part, for the presumptive protective benefit of MHT on LVH. |
### Instruction:
Is the perception of work stressors related to reduced parasympathetic activity?
### Response:
| The perception of work stressors was related to reduced parasympathetic activity in a sample of 653 healthy male workers. These findings support the idea that particularly the parasympathetic component of the autonomic nervous system is related to work stress. |
### Instruction:
Do insulin analogues differently activate insulin receptor isoforms and post-receptor signalling?
### Response:
| Cell models that permit comparisons of the activity of insulin to that of insulin analogues via each receptor individually indicate that only minor differences exist between insulin and short-acting analogues. By contrast, long-acting analogues activate the mitogenic signalling pathway more effectively than insulin and... |
### Instruction:
Do mRI-based attenuation correction for PET/MRI using ultrashort echo time sequences?
### Response:
| The feasibility of using the transverse relaxation rate map derived from ultrashort echo time MR images for the estimation of the attenuation map was shown on phantom and clinical brain data. The results indicate that the new method, compared with CT-based attenuation correction, yields clinically acceptable errors. Th... |
### Instruction:
Do older adults exhibit more intracortical inhibition and less intracortical facilitation than young adults?
### Response:
| Collectively, these findings suggest increased GABA mediated intracortical inhibition with age. |
### Instruction:
Does supplement of three eggs a week improve protein malnutrition in Thai children from rural areas?
### Response:
| Nowadays in rural areas of Thailand there are still primary school students with protein malnutrition especially in rural area. An addition of at least 3 eggs/wk supplements can effectively correct the problem of protein malnutrition among primary school students at risk as shown by biochemical indices, and it benefits... |
### Instruction:
Are endogenous ligands for TLR2 and TLR4 involved in renal injury following ureteric obstruction?
### Response:
| TLR2 and TLR4 do not play a significant role in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis following obstruction. |
### Instruction:
Do human macrophage foam cells degrade atherosclerotic plaques through cathepsin K mediated processes?
### Response:
| Human macrophage foam cells degrade the atherosclerotic plaques though cathepsin K mediated processes, resulting in increase in levels of CTX-I. Serum CTX-I was not elevated in women with aortic calcification, likely due to the contribution of CTX-I from osteoclastic bone resorption which involves Cathepsin-K. The huma... |
### Instruction:
Does the chemotherapeutic agent bortezomib induce the formation of stress granules?
### Response:
| This is the first study describing the formation of SGs by a chemotherapeutic compound. We speculate that the activation of HRI and the formation of SGs might constitute a mechanism by which cancer cells resist bortezomib-mediated apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Does phylogenetic analysis of the vertebrate excitatory/neutral amino acid transporter ( SLC1/EAAT ) family reveal lineage specific subfamilies?
### Response:
| The phylogeny of the SLC1/EAAT gene family demonstrates how multiple genome reorganization and duplication events can influence the number of active genes. Inactivation and preservation of specific SLC1 genes led to the complete loss of two subfamilies in extant theria, while other vertebrates have retained at least on... |
### Instruction:
Is membrane proteinase 3 ( mPR3 ) expression on neutrophils increased in localized Wegener 's granulomatosis ( WG ) and Churg-Strauss syndrome ( CSS )?
### Response:
| The mPR3high status is associated with generalised WG and correlates with disease activity and ANCA status in generalised WG. An increased proportion of mPR3-positive neutrophils is not specific for AAV. |
### Instruction:
Does oral administration of lactobacilli from human intestinal tract protect mice against influenza virus infection?
### Response:
| These results indicate that oral administration of lactobacilli, such as LGG and TMC0356, might protect a host animal against Flu infection. |
### Instruction:
Does serial perfusion study depict pulmonary vascular growth in the survivors of non-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-treated congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
### Response:
| There was reduced perfusion of affected lung at 3 months which improved significantly at 9 months and at 6 years. Recovery of pulmonary vascular function correlated with amelioration of respiratory symptoms. The majority of survivors showing a significant vascular growth lead a symptom-free life. |
### Instruction:
Are functional changes induced by psychological stress enough to cause intestinal inflammation in Sprague-Dawley rats?
### Response:
| Decreased MMC duration, mast cell hyperplasia and decreased mRNA iNOS expression, but not altered epithelial barrier function, could be factors implicated in bacterial translocation-induced by chronic stress. However, these changes are not sufficient to induce intestinal inflammation in stress non-susceptible strain of... |
### Instruction:
Does bioinformatic analysis of CaBP/calneuron proteins reveal a family of highly conserved vertebrate Ca2+-binding proteins?
### Response:
| The findings support the designation of the calneurons as a distinct sub-family. While the gene number for CaBPs/calneurons does not increase, a distinctive evolutionary change in these proteins in vertebrates has been an increase in the number of splice variants present in mammals. |
### Instruction:
Do tLR2 ligands induce cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury through a PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanism?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that TLR2 ligands induced cardioprotection, which is mediated through a TLR2/PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanism. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Antihypertrophic effect of dihydropyridines calcium channel blockers dependent on their potential of blocking N-type calcium channel ]?
### Response:
| Antihypertrophic effect of DHEs on myocardium is dependent on their potential of blocking N-type calcium channel, and the underlying mechanism involves the sympathetic inhibition. |
### Instruction:
Are trunk and hip muscle activation patterns different during walking in young children with and without cerebral palsy?
### Response:
| The potential influence of recording activity from adjacent deep trunk muscles is discussed, as well as the influence of the use of an assistive device by some children with CP. |
### Instruction:
Does clearance of HCV by Combination Therapy of Pegylated Interferon alpha-2a and Ribavirin improve Insulin Resistance?
### Response:
| The clearance of HCV by the combination therapy of pegylated interferon alpha-2a and ribavirin improves insulin resistance by reducing fasting serum insulin and glucose levels. |
### Instruction:
Is two-stage palate repair with delayed hard palate closure related to favorable maxillary growth in unilateral cleft lip and palate?
### Response:
| The data suggest that in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, two-stage palate repair has a smaller adverse effect than one-stage palate repair on the growth of the maxilla. This stage effect is on the anteroposterior development of the maxilla and is attributable to the development being undisturbed before c... |
### Instruction:
Does [ The supplementation of L-carnitine promote alterations in the resting metabolic rate and in the use of energetic substrates in physically active individuals ]?
### Response:
| Supplementation with L-carnitine caused no changes in the variables analyzed in this study. |
### Instruction:
Do cEA-antigen and SCC-antigen mRNA expression in peripheral blood predict hematogenous recurrence after resection in patients with esophageal cancer?
### Response:
| CTC status after the thoracic procedure is a useful predictor for hematogenous and local recurrences in patients with esophageal cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does microRNA let-7 suppress nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells proliferation through downregulating c-Myc expression?
### Response:
| Our results suggested that miRNA let-7 might play a role in the proliferation of NPC. DNA methylation is a potential regulatory pathway, which is affected when let-7 is suppressed in NPC cells. However, the extent of DNA hypermethylation/hypomethylation in regulating let-7 expression requires further elucidation. |
### Instruction:
Are efficacy and safety of angiotensin receptor blockade modified by aspirin in patients with chronic heart failure : a cohort study from the Candesartan in Heart failure -- Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity ( CHARM ) programme?
### Response:
| There appears to be no significant modification of the benefit of candesartan on CV mortality and morbidity outcomes or safety by concomitant use of aspirin in patients with chronic HF. |
### Instruction:
Are young age and termination of pregnancy during the second trimester risk factors for repeat second-trimester abortion?
### Response:
| Second-trimester TOP and young age are risk factors for repeat second-trimester TOP. Special focus on these women might be effective in decreasing repeat abortions. |
### Instruction:
Is low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol cross-sectionally associated with preclinical chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) in Japanese men?
### Response:
| LDL cholesterol is cross-sectionally associated with preclinical CKD in Japanese men. |
### Instruction:
Is fasting adiponectin inversely correlated with metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| Serum adiponectin concentration is inversely correlated with metabolic syndrome and the number of metabolic syndrome criteria in patients with CAD. For these patients HDL-cholesterol concentration and age are independent predictors of the serum adiponectin value. |
### Instruction:
Is incomplete adherence to the ASA difficult airway algorithm unchanged after a high-fidelity simulation session?
### Response:
| No substantial changes in airway management in a CICV scenario were observed after an intense one-hour personalized video-assisted airway-focused simulation debriefing session with an expert. It appears that multiple factors other than airway algorithms come into play in emergency airway decision-making processes, incl... |
### Instruction:
Are alpha 1-acid glycoprotein , hepcidin , C-reactive protein , and serum ferritin correlated in anemic schoolchildren with Schistosoma haematobium?
### Response:
| Correlations between AGP, CRP, urinary hepcidin, and SF were statistically significant. CRP values explained SF's variance better than did the other markers of inflammation studied. We therefore recommend the measurement of both AGP and CRP in population surveys that include an assessment of iron deficiency in developi... |
### Instruction:
Does hyperbaric oxygen treatment induce a 2-phase antinociceptive response of unusually long duration in mice?
### Response:
| Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of mice can induce a 2-phase antinociceptive response of unusually long duration. Nitric oxide and opioid receptors appear to initiate or mediate both phases of the antinociceptive response. Further elucidation of the underlying mechanism may potentially identify molecular targets that cause... |
### Instruction:
Does ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) reduce muscle pain caused by eccentric exercise?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that daily consumption of raw and heat-treated ginger resulted in moderate-to-large reductions in muscle pain following exercise-induced muscle injury. Our findings agree with those showing hypoalgesic effects of ginger in osteoarthritis patients and further demonstrate ginger's effectiveness as... |
### Instruction:
Does early reperfusion improve the recovery of contralateral electrophysiological diaschisis following focal cerebral ischemia in rats?
### Response:
| Early reperfusion facilitates the electrophysiological recovery in both ipsilateral lesional and the contralateral intact brain, which may be closely relevant to post-injury brain rewiring. We also demonstrated that contralateral electrophysiological diaschisis could be greatly reversed by early reperfusion and is in... |
### Instruction:
Does cyclic functional electrical stimulation enhance gains in hand grasp function when used as an adjunct to onabotulinumtoxinA and task practice therapy : a single-blind , randomized controlled pilot study?
### Response:
| Rehabilitation strategies that combine onabotulinumtoxinA injections and task practice therapy are feasible and effective in improving upper-limb motor function and reducing spasticity in patients with chronic spastic hemiparesis. However, the cyclic FES protocol used in this study did not increase gains achieved with ... |
### Instruction:
Does electrical stimulation therapy increase rate of healing of pressure ulcers in community-dwelling people with spinal cord injury?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that EST can stimulate healing of pressure ulcers of people with SCI. EST can be incorporated successfully into an interdisciplinary wound care program in the community. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-M in gingival epithelial cells attenuate the inflammatory response elicited by Porphyromonas gingivalis?
### Response:
| Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-M appeared to have distinct regulatory roles on the interleukin-8 and MCP-1 produced by HGECs, further suggesting an important role for interleukin-8 in the immune response to periodontopathic bacteria. |
### Instruction:
Is blood pressure associated with retinal vessel signs in preadolescent children?
### Response:
| Elevated BP is associated with narrower retinal arterioles in preadolescent boys and girls, and also with wider retinal venules in boys. These data provide further evidence of early microvascular changes associated with high BP in older children. |
### Instruction:
Does sexual conflict predict morphology and behavior in two species of penduline tits?
### Response:
| These results are consistent with sexual conflict theory: species in which sexual conflict is more manifested (EPT) exhibited a stronger sexual dimorphism and more elaborated sexually selected traits than species with less intense sexual conflict (CPT). Our results are also consistent with the notion that EPTs attempt ... |
### Instruction:
Does site of maximum neovascularisation correlate with the site of pain in recalcitrant mid-tendon Achilles tendinopathy?
### Response:
| Sites of subjectively defined pain, clinically palpated tenderness, tendon thickness and neovascularisation are anatomically associated. Palpation can be reliably used as a clinical guide when planning interventions in patients with CRAT. |
### Instruction:
Does effectiveness of alcohol-based hand rub for removal of Clostridium difficile spores from hands?
### Response:
| Hand washing with soap and water is significantly more effective at removing C. difficile spores from the hands of volunteers than are ABHRs. Residual spores are readily transferred by a handshake after use of ABHR. |
### Instruction:
Does genetic predisposition to natural rubber latex allergy differ between health care workers and high-risk patients?
### Response:
| In patients born with SB or BE, environmental factors seem to play a greater role in the development of NRL sensitization and overt allergic symptoms than the IL polymorphisms in IL13 and IL18 previously shown to be associated with NRL allergy in health care workers. |
### Instruction:
Does isoflurane anesthesia satisfy the homeostatic need for rapid eye movement sleep?
### Response:
| Unlike propofol, isoflurane does not satisfy the homeostatic need for REM sleep. Furthermore, the regulation and organization of hippocampal events during anesthesia are unlike sleep. We conclude that different anesthetics have distinct interfaces with sleep. |
### Instruction:
Is polarization of migrating monocytic cells independent of PI 3-kinase activity?
### Response:
| Accumulation and internalization of chemotactic receptors at the leading edge is dispensable for cell migration. Furthermore, uniformly distributed receptors allow the cells to rapidly reorient and adapt to changes in the attractant cue. Polarized monocytes, which display typical amoeboid like motility, can rapidly dev... |
### Instruction:
Do aquatitan garments extend joint range of motion without effect on run performance?
### Response:
| For competitive subelite male soccer/hockey players, performance gains in response to wearing Aquatitan-treated garments are likely of trivial consequence. However, improved joint range of motion during recovery indicates that the garments reduced muscle–tendon stiffness, suggesting enhanced compliance, which warrants ... |
### Instruction:
Does global transcriptome analysis of spore formation in Myxococcus xanthus reveal a locus necessary for cell differentiation?
### Response:
| These results suggest that microarray analysis of chemical-induced spore formation is an excellent system to specifically identify genes necessary for the core sporulation process of a Gram negative model organism for differentiation. |
### Instruction:
Does structural fragment clustering reveal novel structural and functional motifs in alpha-helical transmembrane proteins?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that functional modules exist in membrane proteins, and that they occur in completely different evolutionary contexts and cover different binding sites. Structural fragment clustering allows us to link sequence motifs to function through clusters of structural fragments. The sequence motifs can be ... |
### Instruction:
Is serum uric acid associated with new-onset diabetes in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy : The LIFE Study?
### Response:
| Our analysis suggests that SUA is an independent risk marker for NOD in hypertensive patients with LVH. |
### Instruction:
Are people with impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose similarly susceptible to cardiovascular disease : a study in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients?
### Response:
| The prevalence of IFG and IGT is high in FDR of type 2 diabetic patients. CVD risk factors are similar in these 2 groups and higher than in the control group. More attention should be paid to screening and treatment of this high-risk population. |
### Instruction:
Does insulin glulisine have a faster onset of action compared with insulin aspart in healthy volunteers?
### Response:
| As demonstrated previously versus lispro, GLU, the only analogue formulated without zinc, also has an earlier onset of action than ASP. |
### Instruction:
Does phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor ( LY294002 ) induce apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo?
### Response:
| These data suggested that PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, induced apoptosis by caspase-9 activation pathway and might be as a potentially useful target for therapeutic intervention in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. |
### Instruction:
Does water fluoridation in the Blue Mountains reduce risk of tooth decay?
### Response:
| Tooth decay reduction observed in the Blue Mountains corresponds to high rates reported elsewhere and demonstrates the substantial benefits of water fluoridation. |
### Instruction:
Does patient-specific electronic decision support reduce prescription of excessive doses?
### Response:
| During the 90-day study, implementation of a highly specific algorithm-based CDSS substantially improved prescribing quality with a high acceptance rate compared with previous studies. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin D-binding protein direct monocyte responses to 25-hydroxy- and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D?
### Response:
| These data indicate that DBP plays a pivotal role in regulating the bioavailablity of 25OHD to monocytes. Vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial responses are therefore likely to be strongly influenced by DBP polymorphisms. |
### Instruction:
Is fortification of orange juice with vitamin D ( 2 ) or vitamin D ( 3 ) as effective as an oral supplement in maintaining vitamin D status in adults?
### Response:
| Vitamin D(2) and vitamin D(3) are equally bioavailable in orange juice and capsules. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Vascular access models cause heterogeneous results in the centres of one community ]?
### Response:
| Seventy-five percent of patients were reached for the analysis of thrombosis rate. Results are not necessarily extrapolated. |
### Instruction:
Is enoxaparin a cost-effective adjunct to fibrinolytic therapy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction in contemporary practice?
### Response:
| The use of an enoxaparin versus UFH strategy in patients receiving fibrinolytic therapy for STEMI, whether continued for 7 days or discontinued early, for example following urgent revascularization, is cost effective at a pound 20,000 willingness-to-pay threshold. |
### Instruction:
Does occipitocervical fusion have potential to improve sleep apnea in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and upper cervical lesions?
### Response:
| All our study patients with RA and upper cervical lesions had obstructive-dominant sleep apnea. Negative O-C2 angles may result in upper airway narrowing, increasing the severity of sleep apnea. O-C fusion with correction of kyphosis at the craniovertebral junction has the potential to improve sleep apnea in RA patient... |
### Instruction:
Do schizophrenia risk factors constitute general risk factors for psychiatric symptoms in the population?
### Response:
| Socio-demographic risk factors for non-clinical psychotic symptoms in the general population are also risk factors for other psychiatric symptoms. The relationship between these risk factors and psychotic symptoms are for a substantial part explained by an increase in other psychiatric symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Is cerebral desaturation during single-lung ventilation negatively correlated with preoperative respiratory functions?
### Response:
| Greater decreases were found in SctO(2) during SLV in patients with better preoperative respiratory function. These findings suggest that intraoperative monitoring during SLV should include not only measurement of SpO(2) and PaO(2) but also SctO(2). |
### Instruction:
Is serum oxidized LDL inversely associated with HDL2-cholesterol subclass in renal failure patients on hemodialysis?
### Response:
| In HD patients, high serum levels of oxLDL are associated with low HDL2-C subclass levels. This might suggest that oxidative stress affects the HDL subclass more related to the protecting activity of HDL-C, contributing to atherosclerosis development. |
### Instruction:
Is the appointment of neurointensivists financially beneficial to the employer?
### Response:
| This study shows a significant financial benefit for the Henry Ford Health System during the period when a NI was present in the NICU. |
### Instruction:
Does celastrol attenuate hypertension-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells via induction of heme oxygenase-1?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that celastrol attenuates hypertension-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in VSMCs via HO-1 induction, and this compound may therefore serve as a novel drug to treat hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Are disorders of orthostatic blood pressure response associated with cardiovascular disease and target organ damage in hypertensive patients?
### Response:
| OH is associated with CV risk; the associations of OHT with TOD and stroke in hypertensive patients still need to be confirmed in prospective studies. |
### Instruction:
Is the transcription factor Krüppel homolog 1 linked to hormone mediated social organization in bees?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that Kr-h1 is associated with juvenile hormone mediated regulation of reproduction in bumble bees. The expression of this transcription factor is inhibited by the queen and associated with endocrine mediated regulation of social organization in two species of bees. Thus, KR-H1 may transcriptionally ... |
### Instruction:
Does aspergillus fumigatus regulate mite allergen-pulsed dendritic cells in the development of asthma?
### Response:
| Concurrent exposure of DCs to fungal antigens has profound influences on the subsequent mite allergen-induced allergic airway inflammation. Live Af could regulate the functions of airway DCs in the development of mite allergen-induced allergic airway inflammation via regulation of their PRRs. Our results suggest that c... |
### Instruction:
Does carbohydrate counting improve coping ability and metabolic control in patients with Type 1 diabetes managed by Group Care?
### Response:
| This study confirms that Group Care improves QoL in people with T1DM, but suggests that specific educational and psychological supports are needed to modify adaptation to the disease. The CCP we developed appears effective in promoting change, also in patients with poor schooling. |
### Instruction:
Does myc interact with Max and Miz1 to repress C/EBPdelta promoter activity and gene expression?
### Response:
| Myc represses C/EBPdelta expression by associating with the C/EBPdelta proximal promoter as a transient component of a repressive complex that includes Max and Miz1. RuvBl1 and RuvBl2 enhance Myc repression of C/EBPdelta promoter activity. These results identify protein interactions that mediate Myc repression of C/EBP... |
### Instruction:
Does monitoring of loss of heterozygosity in serum microsatellite DNA among patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors indicate tumor recurrence?
### Response:
| Our findings show that LOH on circulating serum DNA correlates with the tumor status and is a frequent event in GIST patients with recurrent disease. |
### Instruction:
Do doxorubicin and etoposide sensitize small cell lung carcinoma cells expressing caspase-8 to TRAIL?
### Response:
| Our results highlight significant applicability of doxorubicin and etoposide in sensitization of SCLC cells expressing caspase-8 to treatment with TRAIL. |
### Instruction:
Are clinical and genetic spectrum of Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome patients in whom pneumothorax and/or multiple lung cysts the presenting feature?
### Response:
| BHDS is due to large deletions as well as small nucleotide alterations. Racial differences may occur between Japanese and patients of European decent in terms of FLCN mutations and clinical manifestations. |
### Instruction:
Do mutations at opposite ends of the DIII/S4-S5 linker of sodium channel Na V 1.7 produce distinct pain disorders?
### Response:
| Our results provide evidence for differential roles of the DIII/S4-S5 linker N- and C-termini in channel inactivation and activation, and demonstrate the cellular basis for pain in patients carrying these mutations. |
### Instruction:
Is temporary perioperative decline of renal function an independent predictor for chronic kidney disease?
### Response:
| Vascular surgery patients have a high incidence of temporary and persistent perioperative renal function declines, both of which were independent predictors for development of long-term incident CKD. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Vasopressin intravenous infusion cause dose dependent adverse cardiovascular effects in anesthetized dogs ]?
### Response:
| AVP, when administered at doses between 0.1 and 1.0 U/kg/min, induced significant increases in MAP and SVRI, with negative inotropic and chronotropic effects in healthy animals. Although these doses are ten to thousand times greater than those routinely used for the management of vasodilatory shock, our data confirm th... |
### Instruction:
Are fMRI responses to words repeated in a congruous semantic context abnormal in mild Alzheimer 's disease?
### Response:
| A distributed network of mostly left-hemisphere structures, which are putative P600 generators, appears important for successful verbal encoding (with New>Old responses to congruous words in normal elderly). This network appears dysfunctional in mild AD patients, as reflected in decreased word repetition effects partic... |
### Instruction:
Is limited low-air insufflation optimal for colonoscopy?
### Response:
| We found that limited use of low-air insufflation in the rectum and sigmoid is the procedure of choice for colonoscopic examination. |
### Instruction:
Does leber 's hereditary optic neuropathy affect only female matrilineal relatives in two Chinese families?
### Response:
| Only female matrilineal relatives with a wide range of penetrance, severity, and age at onset of optic neuropathy in these two Chinese pedigrees showed the involvement of X-linked or autosomal recessive modifier genes in the phenotypic manifestation of the G11778A mutation. Furthermore, mitochondrial haplogroup-specifi... |
### Instruction:
Is an HIV epidemic ready to emerge in the Philippines?
### Response:
| Young adults, men who have sex with men, commercial sex workers, injecting drug users, overseas Filipino workers, and the sexual partners of people in these groups are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection. There is no guarantee that a large HIV epidemic will be avoided in the near future. Indeed, an expanding HIV e... |
### Instruction:
Are both HIV-infection and long-term antiretroviral therapy associated with increased common carotid intima-media thickness in HIV-infected adolescents and young adults?
### Response:
| HIV infection and longer duration of cART are associated with higher CCIMT in adolescents and young adults. |
### Instruction:
Does beta-adrenoceptor stimulation potentiate insulin-stimulated PKB phosphorylation in rat cardiomyocytes via cAMP and PKA?
### Response:
| beta-adrenoceptors are strong regulators of PKB phosphorylation via cAMP and PKA when insulin is present. We hypothesize that PKB mediates important signalling in the heart during beta-adrenergic receptors stimulation. |
### Instruction:
Does intramuscular bupivacaine injection dose-dependently increase glutamate release and muscle injury in rats?
### Response:
| A single intramuscular injection of bupivacaine induced dose-dependent increases in intramuscular glutamate levels and muscular damage. |
### Instruction:
Does isoflurane protect cardiomyocytes and mitochondria by immediate and cytosol-independent action at reperfusion?
### Response:
| At reperfusion, APoC inhibited mitochondrial respiration, depolarized mitochondria and acidified pH(m). These events may lead to inhibition of mPTP opening and, consequently, to preserved DeltaPsi(m) and ATP synthesis. This reduces intracellular Ca(2+) overload and cell death. |
### Instruction:
Are cD8 and CD103 highly expressed in asthmatic bronchial intraepithelial lymphocytes?
### Response:
| These results suggest that human bronchial IELs have roles distinct from subsets of other lymphocytes, and that CD8+ cells and CD103+ cells have potentially important functions in the bronchial epithelium. |
### Instruction:
Is amphiregulin essential for ovalbumin-induced acute airway inflammation in mice?
### Response:
| Amphiregulin is not essential for induction of acute airway inflammation by OVA in mice. |
### Instruction:
Does curcuma comosa improve learning and memory function on ovariectomized rats in a long-term Morris water maze test?
### Response:
| These results suggest that long-term treatment with Curcuma comosa has beneficial effects on learning and memory function in rats. |
### Instruction:
Are fluoxetine-induced decrements in sexual responses of female rats and hamsters reversed by 3α,5α-THP?
### Response:
| Thus, fluoxetine's effects to disrupt female sexual responses may involve its effects on progestogens in the midbrain VTA. |
### Instruction:
Does activation of cannabinoid receptor CB2 regulate osteogenic and osteoclastogenic gene expression in human periodontal ligament cells?
### Response:
| Our findings demonstrate that activation of CB2 is able to enhance osteogenic differentiation of hPDL cells and potentially create a favorable osteogenic microenvironment. This implies that CB2 might play an important role in alveolar bone metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Is metabolic syndrome , independent of its components , a risk factor for stroke and death but not for coronary heart disease among hypertensive patients in the ASCOT-BPLA?
### Response:
| MetS, independent of its individual components, is associated with increased risk of stroke and all-cause mortality but not coronary outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Does intraoperative methadone improve postoperative pain control in patients undergoing complex spine surgery?
### Response:
| Perioperative treatment with a single bolus of methadone improves postoperative pain control for patients undergoing complex spine surgery. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of beta-cell sodium-calcium exchange enhance glucose-dependent elevations in cytoplasmic calcium and insulin secretion?
### Response:
| Islet NCX1 splice variants display a markedly greater sensitivity to pharmacological inhibition than the cardiac NCX1.1 splice variant. NCX1 inhibition resulted in glucose-dependent increases in Ca(2+)(c) and insulin secretion in mouse and human islets. Thus, we identify beta-cell NCX1 splice variants as targets for th... |
### Instruction:
Does a high cholesterol diet elevate hippocampal cytokine expression in an age and estrogen-dependent manner in female rats?
### Response:
| These data indicate that a proatherogenic diet presents a significant risk for central inflammation in older females that are deprived of estrogen treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is cruciferous vegetable intake inversely associated with lung cancer risk among smokers : a case-control study?
### Response:
| Our findings are consistent with the smoking-related carcinogen-modulating effect of isothiocyanates, a group of phytochemicals uniquely present in cruciferous vegetables. Our data support consumption of a diet rich in cruciferous vegetables may reduce the risk of lung cancer among smokers. |
### Instruction:
Is hP1gamma function required for male germ cell survival and spermatogenesis?
### Response:
| The Cbx3 gene product (the HP1gamma protein) has a non-redundant function during spermatogenesis that cannot be compensated for by the other two HP1 isotypes. The Cbx3hypo/hypo spermatogenesis defect is similar to that found in Miwi2 and Dnmt3L mutants. The Cbx3 gene-targeted mice generated in this study provide an app... |
### Instruction:
Does internal representation of hierarchical sequences involve the default network?
### Response:
| These results suggest that default network regions were involved in maintaining the internal model that subserved discrimination of image pairs derived from the implicit sequence, and contributed to introspective access of an internal sequence model built during training. The default network may not be a unified entity... |
### Instruction:
Does dioscorin protect tight junction protein expression in A549 human airway epithelium cells from dust mite damage?
### Response:
| Dioscorin is a potential protector of airway damage caused by mite extract. |
### Instruction:
Is aDMA a correlate of insulin resistance in early-stage diabetes independent of hs-CRP and body adiposity?
### Response:
| In early-stage type-2 diabetic patients, ADMA is an independent predictor of insulin resistance. Our results could possibly point to an independent mechanism for contribution of ADMA in development of insulin resistance. |
### Instruction:
Does analysis of a zebrafish dync1h1 mutant reveal multiple functions for cytoplasmic dynein 1 during retinal photoreceptor development?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that Dynein1 is required for multiple cellular processes in photoreceptor neurons, including organelle positioning, proper outer segment morphogenesis, and potentially post-Golgi vesicle trafficking. Titrated knock-down of dync1h1 indicated that outer segment morphogenesis was affected in photorece... |
### Instruction:
Does physical and mental health correlate of pregnancy following breast cancer?
### Response:
| This preliminary study did not find evidence of a healthy mother bias based on physical health. However, mental health was 6 points higher (p=0.08) among those who had children, indicating that the role of mental health needs evaluation in future research. Larger studies are needed to verify these findings. |
### Instruction:
Does growth hormone treatment affect incidences of middle ear disease or hearing loss in infants and toddlers with Turner syndrome?
### Response:
| Ear and hearing problems are common in infants and toddlers with TS and are not significantly influenced by GH treatment. Girls with TS need early, regular and thorough ME monitoring by their primary care provider and/or otolaryngologist, and at least annual hearing evaluations by a pediatric audiologist. |
### Instruction:
Does pre-hospital physical activity status affect in-hospital course of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| These data suggest that pre-hospital physical activity status in elderly patients with AMI may affect in-hospital mortality as well as Killip class. |
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