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### Instruction:
Do human intronic enhancers control distinct sub-domains of Gli3 expression during mouse CNS and limb development?
### Response:
| These results not only demonstrate the high level of complexity in the genetic mechanisms controlling Gli3 expression, but also reveal the evolutionary significance of cis-acting regulatory networks of early developmental regulators in vertebrates. |
### Instruction:
Is endoscopic submucosal dissection or conventional endoscopic mucosal resection an effective and safe treatment for rectal carcinoid tumors : a retrospective study?
### Response:
| In this study, ESD as a new method or conventional EMR shows promise or potential as a useful, safe procedure to dissect or resect rectal carcinoid tumors of 10 mm, more or less, in diameter. However, long-term outcome remains to be elucidated by a large-scale, prospective study. |
### Instruction:
Is in-treatment reduced left atrial diameter during antihypertensive treatment associated with reduced new-onset atrial fibrillation in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy : The LIFE Study?
### Response:
| LA diameter at baseline and during antihypertensive treatment were equally strong predictors of new-onset AF independent of the level of arterial pressure, LV mass and other covariates. Prevention of AF during antihypertensive treatment may be improved by antihypertensive therapy that reduces LA size in addition to con... |
### Instruction:
Does computerized reporting improve the clinical use of ambulatory blood pressure measurement?
### Response:
| This study provides evidence to show that observer variance in reporting ABPMs is common even among experts and that computer-generated interpretative reports of ABPM data improve the diagnostic decisions based on the data generated by 24-h blood pressure recording. |
### Instruction:
Does bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivered by hyaluronan-based hydrogel induce massive bone formation and healing of cranial defects in minipigs?
### Response:
| The injectable hydrogel may be favorable as a BMP-2 carrier for bone reconstruction. |
### Instruction:
Does aurora kinase A promote ovarian tumorigenesis through dysregulation of the cell cycle and suppression of BRCA2?
### Response:
| Aurora-A regulates genomic instability and tumorigenesis through cell cycle dysregulation and BRCA2 suppression. The negative correlation between Aurora-A and BRCA2 exists in multiple cancers, whereas the expression ratio of Aurora-A to BRCA2 predicts ovarian cancer patient outcome. |
### Instruction:
Is bone mineral density acquisition in peripubertal female rhythmic gymnasts directly associated with plasma IGF1/IGF-binding protein 3 ratio?
### Response:
| This 1-year follow-up study of peripubertal FRGs showed that BMD gain was maximal around Tanner stage III. The plasma IGF1/IGFBP3 ratio was associated with bone mass acquisition in this period, and it may thus serve as a surrogate marker of bone mass gain in this population. |
### Instruction:
Does ghrelin affect the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in humans by increasing free thyroxine and decreasing TSH in plasma?
### Response:
| This is the first study to report that ghrelin affects the HPT axis in humans. The early fT(4) increase was possibly induced by direct ghrelin action on the thyroid where ghrelin receptors have been identified. The TSH decrease might have been caused by ghrelin-mediated inhibition at hypothalamic level by feedback inhi... |
### Instruction:
Is prior infection with classical swine H1N1 influenza viruses associated with protective immunity to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that in experimental animals recently induced immunity to 1918-derived H1N1 seasonal influenza viruses, and to a 1976 swine influenza virus, afford a degree of protection against the 2009 pandemic virus. Implications of these findings are discussed in the context of accumulating data suggesting ... |
### Instruction:
Does sciatic nerve crush evoke a biphasic TGF-beta and decorin modulation in the rat spinal cord?
### Response:
| Our data reveal a biphasic modulation of TGF-beta protein and decorin mRNA expression at lumbar segment of the spinal cord of animals having suffered unilateral sciatic nerve crush. We postulate that their concerted expression both at an early and a late phase after the nerve injury is of importance and can be part of ... |
### Instruction:
Does body mass index influence long-term outcome in patients with colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| Both high and low BMI became independent prognostic factors of disease recurrence in patients with colorectal carcinoma, as low BMI was correlated with tumor progression and high BMI influenced the number of lymph node dissected. |
### Instruction:
Does arsenic inhibit neurite outgrowth by inhibiting the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway?
### Response:
| Reduced neurite outgrowth induced by As results from deficient activation of AMPK as a consequence of a lack of activation of LKB1. Oxidative stress induced by As, especially excessive superoxide, plays a critical role in blocking the LKB1-AMPK pathway. Our studies provide insight into the mechanisms underlying As-indu... |
### Instruction:
Are pheochromocytomas detected by biochemical screening in predisposed subjects associated with lower prevalence of clinical and biochemical manifestations and smaller tumors than pheochromocytomas detected by signs and symptoms?
### Response:
| Pheochromocytomas detected by screening of patients with a hereditary predisposition have a much lower prevalence of signs and symptoms, lower catecholamine excess, and smaller tumors, compared with sporadic pheochromocytomas, detected by signs and symptoms. These data support the benefits of screening for pheochromocy... |
### Instruction:
Does loss of single immunoglobulin interlukin-1 receptor-related molecule lead to enhanced colonic polyposis in Apc ( min ) mice?
### Response:
| SIGIRR acts as a tumor suppressor in the colon by inhibiting TLR-induced, mTOR-mediated cell-cycle progression and genetic instability. |
### Instruction:
Is calpain3 expressed in a proteolitically active form in papillomavirus-associated urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder in cattle?
### Response:
| The role of capn3 protein in urothelial cancer of the urinary bladder remains to be elucidated: further studies would be required to determine the precise function of this protease in tumor development and progression. However, we suggest that activated Capn3 may be involved in molecular pathways leading to the overexp... |
### Instruction:
Do weight loss-induced alterations in serum markers of bone turnover persist during weight maintenance in obese men and women?
### Response:
| Weight loss induced via a VLED may result in an imbalance between bone formation and resorption and accelerate remodeling. The deleterious effect of energy restriction on bone remodeling rate appears to persist during weight maintenance. |
### Instruction:
Does recoordination rather than resynchronization predict reverse remodeling after cardiac resynchronization therapy?
### Response:
| Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that acute recoordination provided the best separation for prediction of CRT responders compared with acute resynchronization, baseline dyssynchrony, or baseline discoordination. LV recoordination after CRT is an acute phenomenon and predicts response to CRT at 6-mont... |
### Instruction:
Do chemical modulators of the innate immune response alter gypsy moth larval susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that B. thuringiensis infection provokes changes in the cellular immune response of gypsy moth larvae. The effects of chemicals known to modulate the innate immune response of many invertebrates and vertebrates, including Lepidoptera, also indicate a role of this response in B. thuringiensis kil... |
### Instruction:
Do [ Spatial analysis of hospitalization for heart diseases in Vale do Paraíba ]?
### Response:
| In the mid Vale do Paraíba paulista, the spatial analysis identified spatial clusters of hospitalizations due to acute myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease, allowing intervention to reduce rates. (Arq Bras Cardiol 2007;88(6):624-628). |
### Instruction:
Do development of a software tool using deterministic logic for the optimization of cochlear implant processor programming?
### Response:
| It is argued that this novel tool allows a systematic approach focusing on outcome, reducing the fitting time, and improving the quality of fitting. It introduces principles of artificial intelligence in the process of CI fitting. |
### Instruction:
Does progesterone increase epirubicin 's apoptotic effects in HepG2 cells by S phase cell cycle arrest?
### Response:
| In vitro, progesterone can increase the cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by epirubicin on HepG2 cells. |
### Instruction:
Does aqueous extract of Piper sarmentosum decrease atherosclerotic lesions in high cholesterolemic experimental rabbits?
### Response:
| Administration of P.s extract has protective effect against atheroscleros. |
### Instruction:
Do small variable segments constitute a major type of diversity of bacterial genomes at the species level?
### Response:
| This analysis uncovers the importance of this small-sized genome diversity, which we expect to be present in a wide range of bacteria, and possibly also in many eukaryotic genomes. |
### Instruction:
Does adulticidal activity of essential oil of Lantana camara leave against mosquitoes?
### Response:
| Essential oil from the leaves of L. camara possesses adulticidal activity against different mosquito species that could be utilized for development of oil-based insecticide as supplementary to synthetic insecticides. |
### Instruction:
Does curcumin reduce alpha-synuclein induced cytotoxicity in Parkinson 's disease cell model?
### Response:
| Since curcumin is a natural food pigment that can cross the blood brain barrier and has widespread medicinal uses, it has potential therapeutic value for treating PD and other neurodegenerative disorders. |
### Instruction:
Is in vivo tumor cell adhesion in the pulmonary microvasculature exclusively mediated by tumor cell -- endothelial cell interaction?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that the initial colon cancer cell adhesion in the capillaries of the lung is predominantly mediated by tumor cell - endothelial cell interactions, possibly supported by platelets. In contrast to reports of earlier studies that metastatic tumor cell adhesion occurs through integrin mediated bi... |
### Instruction:
Does a bolus of conivaptan lower intracranial pressure in a patient with hyponatremia after traumatic brain injury?
### Response:
| In this preliminary case report, a single dose of conivaptan not only resulted in rapid correction of acute hyponatremia, but also a significant fall in ICP temporally associated with peak aquaresis. Vasopressin-receptor antagonists, by reversing osmotic shifts, may be novel agents to control ICP and cerebral edema, es... |
### Instruction:
Does sesamol suppress neuro-inflammatory cascade in experimental model of diabetic neuropathy?
### Response:
| This study shows the beneficial effect of sesamol on neuropathic pain through modulation of oxidative-nitrosative stress, inflammatory cytokine release, and caspase-3 in diabetic rats, and thus it may find clinical application to treat neuropathic pain in the diabetic patient. |
### Instruction:
Does extra-virgin olive oil-enriched diet modulate DSS-colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis in mice?
### Response:
| These results confirm that EVOO diet has protective/preventive effect in the UC-associated CRC. This beneficial effect was correlated with a better DAI, a minor number of dysplastic lesions, a lower β-catenin immunoreactivity, a proinflammatory cytokine levels reduction, a non modification of p53 expression and, COX-2 ... |
### Instruction:
Is tetrabenazine neuroprotective in Huntington 's disease mice?
### Response:
| Our results further support therapeutic value of TBZ for treatment of HD but also highlight the need to develop more specific dopamine antagonists which are less prone to side-effects. |
### Instruction:
Do yeast from burn patients at a major burn centre of China?
### Response:
| A profile of the fungi isolated from burn patients in a major Chinese burn centre is presented. |
### Instruction:
Does adeno-associated virus-mediated transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene reduce the vasoconstrictive response?
### Response:
| These results show that ecNOS gene transfer using AAV vectors abolishes the pathological enhancement of the vasoconstrictive response in endothelium-denuded aortic segments. |
### Instruction:
Does bronchial hyperresponsiveness to histamine correlate with airway remodelling in adults with asthma?
### Response:
| In adult patients with severe asthma, BHR to ACh is related to the degree of eosinophilic airway inflammation, whereas BHR to Hist indicates airway remodeling, particularly ASM hypertrophy. |
### Instruction:
Are patient safety features more present in larger primary care practices?
### Response:
| Larger general practice practices may have better safety management, although through our measurements no causal relationship could be established in this study. |
### Instruction:
Does prosthesis-patient mismatch predict structural valve degeneration in bioprosthetic heart valves?
### Response:
| These data suggest that stenosis-type SVD is an early, P-PtM-related, and thus preventable phenomenon. Incompetence-type SVD is a time-dependent, nonspecific wear damage to bioprosthetic valves, which is not related to P-PtM. |
### Instruction:
Does abnormal small intestinal permeability in patients with idiopathic malabsorption in tropics ( tropical sprue ) change even after successful treatment?
### Response:
| SIP is often abnormal in TS and remains unchanged even after successful treatment that was associated with less weight gain and more frequent stool. |
### Instruction:
Do prions of ruminants show distinct splenotropisms in an ovine transgenic mouse model?
### Response:
| Studies in a transgenic mouse model expressing the sheep prion protein revealed different capacities of ruminant prions to propagate in the spleen. They showed unexpected features in "CH1641-like" ovine scrapie suggesting that such isolates contain mixed conformers with distinct capacities to propagate in the brain or ... |
### Instruction:
Does [ Bicuculline inhibit airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma ]?
### Response:
| GABAARbeta2 is expressed in both the airway epithelium and smooth muscles. Bicuculline inhalation can effectively suppress collagen deposition with a stronger inhibitory effect on mucus hypersecretion than budesonide. |
### Instruction:
Is hepatic ISG expression associated with genetic variation in interleukin 28B and the outcome of IFN therapy for chronic hepatitis C?
### Response:
| The expression of hepatic ISGs is strongly associated with treatment response and genetic variation of IL28B. The differential role of host and viral factors as predicting factors may also be present. |
### Instruction:
Does triptolide induce cell death in pancreatic cancer cells by apoptotic and autophagic pathways?
### Response:
| This study shows that triptolide kills pancreatic cancer cells by 2 different pathways. It induces caspase-dependent apoptotic death in MiaPaCa-2, Capan-1, and BxPC-3, and induces caspase-independent autophagic death in metastatic cell lines S2-013, S2-VP10, and Hs766T, thereby making it an attractive chemotherapeutic ... |
### Instruction:
Does cutaneous low-dose radiation increase tissue vascularity through upregulation of angiogenic and vasculogenic pathways?
### Response:
| In this study we demonstrate that local, low-dose IR upregulates angiogenic chemokines and results in progenitor cell mobilization to the systemic circulation. There is a resultant increase in the vascularity of the irradiated flap, suggesting that the pro-angiogenic effects of IR can be harnessed locally. |
### Instruction:
Is continuous fall in hemoglobin level a poor prognostic factor in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy?
### Response:
| The change in Hb level during radiotherapy is an important prognostic factor affecting the OS of NPC patients. |
### Instruction:
Does hyaluronan modulate proliferation and migration of rabbit fibroblasts derived from flexor tendon epitenon and endotenon?
### Response:
| Hyaluronan modulates the proliferation and migration of rabbit fibroblasts derived from the flexor tendon epitenon and endotenon. |
### Instruction:
Is pre-operative platelet-bound CD40 ligand probably associated with peri-operative cardiac events in hip and knee arthroplasty?
### Response:
| In a study of this number of patients, of the six biomarkers tested, only platelet CD40 ligand was found to have a probable association with peri-operative cardiac events in hip and knee arthroplasty. |
### Instruction:
Is patent foramen ovale associated with an increased risk of stroke recurrence?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that the risk of recurrent stroke in subjects with PFO is not significantly increased in comparison with subject without it. |
### Instruction:
Do distinct pathways mediate the sorting of tail-anchored proteins to the plastid outer envelope?
### Response:
| Collectively, the results provide evidence in support of at least two sorting pathways for plastid TA outer envelope proteins and shed light on not only the complex diversity of pathways involved in the targeting and insertion of proteins into plastids, but also the molecular mechanisms that underlie the delivery of TA... |
### Instruction:
Is exercise performance and quality of life more impaired in Eisenmenger syndrome than in complex cyanotic congenital heart disease with pulmonary stenosis?
### Response:
| Despite similar cyanosis, patients with ES show less exercise performance, more ventilation-perfusion-mismatch and a worse quality of life compared to complex cyanotic congenital heart disease patients with PS. Moreover, oxygen saturation at rest predicts exercise capacity and ventilatory efficiency in this cohort. |
### Instruction:
Does wNT5A induce osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells via rho-associated kinase ROCK?
### Response:
| Our data illustrate the importance of Wnt5a as a stimulator of hASC osteogenic differentiation, and show that changes in actin cytoskeleton controlled by ROCK are determinants for Wnt5a-induced osteogenic differentiation of hASC. |
### Instruction:
Do chloroquine and its derivatives exacerbate B19V-associated anemia by promoting viral replication?
### Response:
| Our data strongly suggest that 4-aminoquinoline drugs and their metabolites exacerbate B19V-associated anemia by promoting B19V replication. Consideration should be given for choosing a non-4-aminoquinoline drug to partner artemisinin compounds in combination antimalarial therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does microRNA-184 inhibit neuroblastoma cell survival through targeting the serine/threonine kinase AKT2?
### Response:
| MYCN contributes to tumorigenesis, in part, by repressing miR-184, leading to increased levels of AKT2, a direct target of miR-184. Thus, two important genes with positive effects on cell growth and survival, MYCN and AKT2, can be linked into a common genetic pathway through the actions of miR-184. As an inhibitor of A... |
### Instruction:
Does primary conservative treatment result in mortality comparable to surgery in patients with infected pancreatic necrosis?
### Response:
| In treating patients with IPN, a primary conservative strategy resulted in mortality that was comparable with that after surgery, and 76% of the patients were able to avoid surgery; 54.5% of IPN patients were successfully managed with the primary conservative strategy. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Magnetic fields ameliorate high-fat and high-protein diet-induced fatty liver in rats ]?
### Response:
| Low-frequency rotary constant magnetic field has beneficial effect on fat metabolism, leading to reduced lipid peroxidation and structural recovery of the degenerated hepatic cells. |
### Instruction:
Does recombinant osteopontin attenuate brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice?
### Response:
| This study suggests that r-OPN may down-regulate iNOS expression by the inhibition of Stat1 phosphorylation, and therefore suppressing the MMP-9 activation, preventing ICH-induced brain injury in mice. |
### Instruction:
Does elevated body mass index increase early complications of surgical treatment of pelvic ring injuries?
### Response:
| Body mass index correlates with an increased rate of complications and reoperation after operative treatment of pelvic ring injuries. |
### Instruction:
Are eEG responses to TMS sensitive to changes in the perturbation parameters and repeatable over time?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that the EEG responses to TMS essentially reflect deterministic properties of the stimulated neuronal circuits as opposed to stereotypical responses or uncontrolled variability. To the extent that TMS-evoked potentials are sensitive to changes and repeatable over time, they may be employed to ... |
### Instruction:
Does continuous motor monitoring enhance functional preservation and seizure-free outcome in surgery for intractable focal epilepsy?
### Response:
| Continuous MEP monitoring in epilepsy surgery is feasible and safe. It reflects motor function complementarily to the localizing motor mapping results. Successful MEP monitoring correlates with unimpaired motor outcome and full seizure control. |
### Instruction:
Does rapid and direct transport of cell surface APP to the lysosome define a novel selective pathway?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate the presence of a novel, rapid and specific transport pathway from the cell surface to the lysosomes. This suggests that regulation of lysosomal traffic could regulate APP processing and that the lysosome could play a central role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. |
### Instruction:
Does astrocytic expression of Parkinson 's disease-related A53T alpha-synuclein cause neurodegeneration in mice?
### Response:
| Our findings demonstrate a critical involvement of astrocytic alpha-synuclein in initiating the non-cell autonomous killing of neurons, suggesting the viability of reactive astrocytes and microglia as potential therapeutic targets for PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. |
### Instruction:
Are antibodies to porphyromonas gingivalis associated with anticitrullinated protein antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their relatives?
### Response:
| In a genetically predisposed population of NAN patients with RA and their relatives, anti-P. gingivalis antibodies were associated with ACPA. These findings suggest that immune responses to P. gingivalis may be involved in breaking immune tolerance to citrullinated antigens. |
### Instruction:
Does a novel dithiol amide CB3 attenuate allergic airway disease through negative regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase?
### Response:
| These results suggest that CB3 attenuates allergic airway disease by up-regulation of GSH levels as well as inhibition of NF-κB and p38 MAPK activity. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Incentive spirometry with expiratory positive airway pressure bring benefits after myocardial revascularization ]?
### Response:
| Patients that were submitted to IS+EPAP present reduction of dyspnea and lower effort sensation after the 6-MWT, and also a better quality of life 18 months after CABG. |
### Instruction:
Is postoperative IOP related to intrascleral bleb height in eyes with clinically flat blebs following deep sclerectomy with collagen implant and mitomycin?
### Response:
| The authors report a positive inverse correlation between intrascleral bleb height and postoperative IOP in eyes presenting clinically flat blebs following DSCI with MMC, suggesting an important role for intrascleral filtration in lowering IOP. Further studies are warranted to evaluate this relationship at different po... |
### Instruction:
Does intranasal administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG protect mice from H1N1 influenza virus infection by regulating respiratory immune responses?
### Response:
| These results suggest that intranasal administration of LGG protects the host animal from IFV infection by enhancing respiratory cell-mediated immune responses following up-regulation of lung natural killer (NK) cell activation. |
### Instruction:
Are donor factors associated with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation?
### Response:
| Donor factors and donor management strategies are important contributors to development of recipient BOS. Identification of these factors may help limit BOS and may identify recipients at high risk. Surprisingly, high Pao(2) in the donor is an independent predictor of BOS development. |
### Instruction:
Is household food insecurity associated with self-reported pregravid weight status , gestational weight gain , and pregnancy complications?
### Response:
| This study highlights the possibility that living in a food insecure household during pregnancy may increase risk of greater weight gain and pregnancy complications. |
### Instruction:
Does combined proteasome and histone deacetylase inhibition attenuate epithelial-mesenchymal transition through E-cadherin in esophageal cancer cells?
### Response:
| Combined vorinostat and bortezomib therapy significantly decreased esophageal cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This combined therapeutic effect on esophageal cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition was associated with upregulation of E-cadherin protein expression. |
### Instruction:
Does the implementation of a comprehensive clinical protocol improve long-term success after surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation?
### Response:
| This study describes a new concept in which a clinical algorithm is being used to manage patients after surgical ablation. Our findings suggest that the success rate of the surgical ablation procedure was significantly better in patients who were followed and treated according to the clinical algorithm. These findings ... |
### Instruction:
Does multidisciplinary care improve outcome of patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that patients attending a multidisciplinary clinic are better prepared for dialysis treatment, have fewer hospital admissions after start of dialysis, and have a higher patient survival compared to those attending a traditional nephrology clinic. |
### Instruction:
Is bisphenol AF a full agonist for the estrogen receptor ERalpha but a highly specific antagonist for ERbeta?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that bisphenol AF could function as an endocrine-disrupting chemical by acting as an agonist or antagonist to perturb physiological processes mediated through ERalpha and/or ERbeta. |
### Instruction:
Do anti-CCP antibody and rheumatoid factor concentrations predict greater disease activity in men with rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Higher aCCP concentrations (particularly in RF-positive patients) are associated with increased disease activity in US veterans with RA, indicating that aCCP concentration is predictive of future disease outcomes in men. |
### Instruction:
Do the influence of a sports drink on the postexercise metabolism of elite athletes as investigated by NMR-based metabolomics?
### Response:
| NMR-based metabolomics allowed the complex effects of a green tea extract-based carbohydrate/hydroelectrolyte beverage on the energy metabolism of athletes during recovery by postexercise rehydration to be evaluated. |
### Instruction:
Does hyperbaric oxygen therapy facilitate healing of chronic foot ulcers in patients with diabetes?
### Response:
| The HODFU study showed that adjunctive treatment with HBOT facilitates healing of chronic foot ulcers in selected patients with diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Is benzene exposure near the U.S. permissible limit associated with sperm aneuploidy?
### Response:
| Benzene appeared to increase the frequencies of aneuploid sperm for chromosomes associated with chromosomal abnormality syndromes in human offspring, even in men whose air benzene exposure was at or below the U.S. permissible exposure limit. |
### Instruction:
Is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography useful and safe in children?
### Response:
| Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is used as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in children with a complication rate similar to that seen in adults. The need for general anesthesia is much more frequent with children. When performed by well-trained endoscopists, ERCP is useful and safe in children. |
### Instruction:
Is insulin receptor downregulated in the nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lung?
### Response:
| Downregulation of IR gene and protein expression in hypoplastic lung during late stages of lung development may interfere with normal surfactant synthesis, causing pulmonary hypoplasia in the nitrofen-induced CDH model. |
### Instruction:
Are differences in associations between markers of antioxidative defense and asthma sex specific?
### Response:
| In this study of asthma risk factors, women had higher levels of enzyme activities than did men in a randomly selected Danish population, and sex-specific differences were found in the associations between markers of antioxidative defense and asthma. |
### Instruction:
Is agreement poor among current criteria used to define response to cardiac resynchronization therapy?
### Response:
| The 26 most-cited publications on predicting response to cardiac resynchronization therapy define response using 17 different criteria. Agreement between different methods to define response to cardiac resynchronization therapy is poor 75% of the time and strong only 4% of the time, which severely limits the ability to... |
### Instruction:
Do anti-CD154 mAb and rapamycin induce T regulatory cell mediated tolerance in rat-to-mouse islet transplantation?
### Response:
| These results suggest a critical role for Treg in the induction phase of tolerance early after islet xenotransplantation. These encouraging data support the need of developing further Treg therapy for overcoming the species barrier in xenotransplantation. |
### Instruction:
Does effect of mineral trioxide aggregates and Portland cement on inflammatory cells?
### Response:
| MTAs were more biocompatible; however, more studies are required. |
### Instruction:
Do clinically relevant doses of lidocaine and bupivacaine impair cutaneous wound healing in mice?
### Response:
| Although lidocaine and bupivacaine influenced local inflammatory and proteolytic factors, they did not impair the rate of healing in either of two well-established models (mimicking normal human wound healing and impaired age-related healing). |
### Instruction:
Is intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery significantly higher in Crohn 's disease patients compared to healthy population?
### Response:
| Crohn's disease patients do not have an increased risk for developing early atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Does vascular endothelial growth factor C promote cervical cancer metastasis via up-regulation and activation of RhoA/ROCK-2/moesin cascade?
### Response:
| These results implied that VEGF-C promoted cervical cancer metastasis by upregulation and activation of moesin protein through RhoA/ROCK-2 pathway. Our findings offer new insight into the role of VEGF-C on cervical cancer progression and may provide potential targets for cervical cancer therapy. |
### Instruction:
Do cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide induce a proliferative airway smooth muscle phenotype?
### Response:
| Direct exposure of ASM to CSE or LPS causes the induction of a proliferative, hypocontractile ASM phenotype, which may be involved in airway remodelling in COPD. |
### Instruction:
Does cellular hydrophobicity of Listeria monocytogenes involve initial attachment and biofilm formation on the surface of polyvinyl chloride?
### Response:
| Results indicate that cellular hydrophobicity of L. monocytogenes is an important property involved in the initial adherence to and biofilm formation on PVC. |
### Instruction:
Does molecular imaging of N-linked glycosylation suggest glycan biosynthesis is a novel target for cancer therapy?
### Response:
| This study suggests that NLG inhibition is a novel therapeutic strategy for targeting EGFR and RTK signaling in both gliomas and other malignant tumors. |
### Instruction:
Does imiquimod simultaneously induce autophagy and apoptosis in human basal cell carcinoma cells?
### Response:
| This study not only demonstrates that imiquimod can directly induce autophagy and apoptosis in BCC cells, but also shows the cooperation and coordination between these two processes to induce cell death. |
### Instruction:
Does the incidence of bariatric surgery have plateaued in the U.S?
### Response:
| Despite predictions of continued growth of bariatric surgery, it appears that the annual incidence for these operations has remained stable since 2003. Most operations are performed laparoscopically, but open gastric bypass is substantially less costly than laparoscopic operations. Despite its simplicity, laparoscopic ... |
### Instruction:
Is p53-insensitive PUMA down-regulation essential in the early phase of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice?
### Response:
| Sharply p53-insensitive down-regulation of PUMA, coupled with Bcl-X(L) up-regulation, may play a cytoprotective role in liver regeneration after hepatectomy. Furthermore, the increased expression of PUMA in hepatitis and hepatoma may indicate misregulation of the apoptotic network in these diseases. |
### Instruction:
Do familial factors confound the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and young adult offspring overweight?
### Response:
| The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring's risk of overweight appears to be confounded by familial factors. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Absence of nocturnal dipping associated with stroke and myocardium infarction ]?
### Response:
| ND was associated in an independent way with the target-organ damages analyzed, what demonstrates its importance and strengthens the necessity of more aggressive treatment with objective to reach BP goals e, consequently, to prevent the development of new cardiologic and cerebrovascular events. |
### Instruction:
Are solute transporters and aquaporins impaired in celiac disease?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that the main routes for water and solute absorption are deficient in celiac disease and may play a role in the onset of malabsorption symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Does summary-of-findings tables in Cochrane review improved understanding and rapid retrieval of key information?
### Response:
| In two small trials, we found that inclusion of an SoF table in a review improved understanding and rapid retrieval of key findings compared with reviews with no SoF table. |
### Instruction:
Do module network inference from a cancer gene expression data set identifies microRNA regulated modules?
### Response:
| Our results show that a robust module network analysis of expression data can provide novel insights of miRNA function in important cellular processes. Such a computational approach, starting from expression data alone, can be helpful in the process of identifying the function of miRNAs by suggesting modules of co-expr... |
### Instruction:
Does an independent effect of spatial frequency on motion integration reveal orientation resolution?
### Response:
| Spatial frequency has an independent effect on the component integration stage that determines perceived pattern motion direction. The results appear to reflect the resolution of orientation for recombination of the components at low spatial frequencies. These results have implications for motion modelling and possible... |
### Instruction:
Does hsp90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin inhibit the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells?
### Response:
| 17-AAG suppressed the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and possibly by oxidative stress. |
### Instruction:
Is cortisol production rate similarly elevated in obese women with or without the polycystic ovary syndrome?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates equally increased cortisol production in PCOS women and obese healthy control women. |
### Instruction:
Does testosterone stimulate adipose tissue 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression in a depot-specific manner in children?
### Response:
| Testosterone and cortisol stimulated 11beta-HSD1 and H6PDH mRNA expression and 11beta-HSD1 activity in om but not in sc adipose tissue. This suggests that these hormones may contribute to fat distribution and accumulation during childhood. |
### Instruction:
Is thyroid function within the upper normal range associated with reduced bone mineral density and an increased risk of nonvertebral fractures in healthy euthyroid postmenopausal women?
### Response:
| Physiological variation in normal thyroid status is related to BMD and nonvertebral fracture. |
### Instruction:
Do [ pCTLA4-Ig gene-modified porcine immature dendritic cells inhibit the proliferation of xenogeneic spleen cells ]?
### Response:
| The pCTLA4-Ig gene-modified imDCs can significantly inhibit the proliferation of xenogeneic spleen cells, and there might was correlated with the expression of IDO reduce the immune response of xenogeneic antigen. |
### Instruction:
Does bleomycin induce upregulation of lysyl oxidase in cultured human fetal lung fibroblasts?
### Response:
| Bleomycin induces upregulation of LO in cultured human fetal lung fibroblasts, which may be the mechanism of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. |
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