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### Instruction:
Do tH2 lymphocytes from atopic patients treated with immunotherapy undergo rapid apoptosis after culture with specific allergens?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the shift from T(H)2 to T(H)1 induced by SIT in atopic patients may be mediated, at least in part, by the induction of an activation-induced cell death process in allergen-responder T(H)2 cells. |
### Instruction:
Does heparin protect local skin microcirculation in 210 minutes-long intravital microscopy observations under general anaesthesia?
### Response:
| The results suggest a protective effect of heparin in clinical therapeutic doses against impairment of skin perfusion during IVM. This observation may justify a trial on the effects of heparin in prevention of development of pressure ulcers. |
### Instruction:
Does premedication modify the quality of sedation with propofol during regional anesthesia?
### Response:
| Both premedicants reduced propofol requirements and exerted beneficial effects on the incidence of some complications during sedation with propofol as an adjunct to regional anesthesia. |
### Instruction:
Is excretion of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in urine associated with a high stage and grade of bladder carcinoma?
### Response:
| Urinary excretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 is associated with a high stage and grade of bladder cancer, and they may serve as indicators of tumor progression and recurrence in the future. |
### Instruction:
Is apoptosis of osteoclast-like cells induced by alendronate related to Fas gene expression?
### Response:
| Alendronate promotes apoptosis of the OCLs and it is related with the expression of the Fas gene. |
### Instruction:
Is risk assessment at the end of pregnancy a poor predictor for complications at delivery?
### Response:
| Individual prediction of obstetric emergencies has low accuracy, which should be included in the information to women as well as in discussions with health pianners. |
### Instruction:
Is altretamine an effective palliative therapy of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer?
### Response:
| Altretamine is an acceptable and apparently less toxic alternative to other cytotoxic drugs used for palliation of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does airflow limitation during respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection predict recurrent wheezing?
### Response:
| A sign of airflow limitation during RSV LRTI is the first useful clinical predictor for subsequent recurrent wheezing. |
### Instruction:
Does flow cytometric analysis of gut mucosal lymphocytes support an impaired Th1 cytokine profile in spondyloarthropathy?
### Response:
| An impaired Th1 cytokine profile is observed in gut mucosal lymphocytes from patients with SpA. This adds to the existing evidence that the gut mucosal immune apparatus is involved in the pathogenesis of SpA. |
### Instruction:
Does pentoxifylline reduce coronary leukocyte accumulation early in reperfusion after cold ischemia?
### Response:
| Cold cardioplegia did not prevent leukocyte retention in the coronary microcirculation early in reperfusion. PTX modification of cardioplegia significantly reduced leukocyte sequestration in coronary capillaries and venules. Preserving endothelial function during ischemia may limit leukocyte accumulation and ischemia/reperfusion injury after cardiac operation. |
### Instruction:
Does opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels enhance cardioplegic protection?
### Response:
| The cardioprotection afforded by K/Mg cardioplegia is modulated by mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Diazoxide when added to K/Mg cardioplegia significantly reduces infarct size, suggesting that the opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels with K/Mg cardioplegic protection would allow for enhanced myocardial protection in cardiac operations. |
### Instruction:
Does division of modified Blalock-Taussig shunt at correction avoid distortion of the pulmonary artery?
### Response:
| Division of BT shunt at the time of corrective procedure reduces pulmonary artery distortion. |
### Instruction:
Is the high prevalence of autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase in first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes associated with islet autoimmunity?
### Response:
| We found a high prevalence of celiac autoimmunity in patients and first-degree relatives of children with type 1 diabetes, but we found limited overlap between islet and celiac autoimmunity in nondiabetic relatives. The high prevalence of celiac autoimmunity may be explained by shared genetic susceptibility and identifies a population within which screening for the disease may be justified. |
### Instruction:
Does anemia with erythropoietin deficiency occur early in diabetic nephropathy?
### Response:
| Anemia associated with EPO deficiency can occur early in DN before the onset of advanced renal failure, but does not normally occur in nondiabetic renal disease of similar severity. The pathogenesis requires elucidation. |
### Instruction:
Is exclusive breast-feeding rarely practised in rural and urban Morogoro , Tanzania?
### Response:
| The better performance of urban mothers could be partly due to sustained breast-feeding support in hospital settings and other campaigns which may not have reached the rural areas. In both the rural and urban areas more efforts are needed to encourage exclusive breast-feeding, to avoid premature complementation and, in the case of the urban areas, to protect extended breast-feeding. |
### Instruction:
Do ophthalmologic heterogeneity in subjects with gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina harboring the L402P mutation of ornithine aminotransferase?
### Response:
| This study of 35 subjects with GA carrying a single mutation shows that the ophthalmologic symptoms and findings vary widely. The data also reveal that GA subjects are already affected by severe visual impairment in young adulthood. However, the diagnosis is often made very late. |
### Instruction:
Do extrasystolic beats affect transmural electrical dispersion during programmed electrical stimulation?
### Response:
| The TpTe interval of surface ECG is likely to represent TDR. TDR is increased by premature ventricular stimulation and the magnitude of the maximum TpTe interval (i.e. maximum TDR) during ventricular pacing is greater in patients with inducible arrhythmias. |
### Instruction:
Does chemotherapy induce or increases expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein in malignant melanoma cells?
### Response:
| These results suggest that a significant mRNA level of MRP gene was intrinsically present in malignant melanoma even before exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs and increased in its expression after chemotherapy, suggesting that MRP plays a part in increasing the chemoresistance of malignant melanoma during chemotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Is the severity of cutaneous and oral pemphigus related to desmoglein 1 and 3 antibody levels?
### Response:
| This study suggests that the clinical phenotype of pemphigus, in particular the balance of skin and oral disease, is determined principally by the quantities of Dsg1 and 3 autoantibodies, respectively. |
### Instruction:
Does rescue use of abciximab improve regional left ventricular function after early incomplete reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Rescue use of abciximab may reduce the infarct size in patients with AMI and TIMI grade 2 flow after PA, which may improve the recovery of regional LV function. |
### Instruction:
Does soluble P-selectin antagonist mediate rolling velocity and adhesion of leukocytes in acutely inflamed venules?
### Response:
| LTC4 induces leukocyte rolling and adhesion in feline mesenteric venules in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of rPSGL-Ig inhibits LTC4-induced reductions in leukocyte rolling velocity and attenuates the elevation in the fraction of rolling leukocytes produced by LTC4 stimulation. This suggests that rPSGL-Ig may be used to reduce leukocyte rolling and adhesion, and subsequently attenuate tissue injury during inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Is total and specific IgE in nasal polyps related to local eosinophilic inflammation?
### Response:
| These studies suggest that there is an association between increased levels of total IgE, specific IgE, and eosinophilic inflammation in NPs, which may be of relevance in the pathophysiology of nasal polyposis. Similarly, the presence of specific IgE to staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B also points to a possible role of bacterial superantigens. |
### Instruction:
Do combined pre- and post-surgical bupivacaine wound infiltrations decrease opioid requirements after knee ligament reconstruction?
### Response:
| We conclude that a combination of selective pre- and post-surgical wound infiltration with bupivacaine 0.25% provides superior analgesia compared with a standard post-surgical intra-articular injection alone. |
### Instruction:
Does perioperative intravenous flurbiprofen reduce postoperative pain after abdominal hysterectomy?
### Response:
| Intravenous 1 mg x kg(-1) flurbiprofen administered during anesthesia reduces postoperative rescue analgesic requirement after abdominal hysterectomy. Moreover, flurbiprofen is more effective when given before than after surgery. |
### Instruction:
Does dopexamine hydrochloride modify hemodynamic response or tissue oxygenation or gut permeability during abdominal aortic surgery?
### Response:
| Dopexamine infusion (0.5 -2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) did not enhance hemodynamic function and tissue oxygenation values during elective infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. |
### Instruction:
Does varicocele in adolescence induce left and right testicular volume loss?
### Response:
| The presence of a grade I varicocele in adolescence appears to have no effect on normal testicular growth. Some patients with a grade II varicocele are at risk of left testicular volume loss with time and should have their testicular volume measured annually. Patients with grade III varicocele are at risk of bilateral testicular volume loss; a careful evaluation and early surgical intervention are recommended in this group of patients. |
### Instruction:
Do sentinel lymph node micrometastasis and other histologic factors that predict outcome in patients with thicker melanomas?
### Response:
| The results indicate that the SLN node status is predictive of disease-free survival for patients with thick melanomas. A surprising number of patients in the study were free of disease after prolonged follow-up. None of the histologic features of the primary tumor were helpful in predicting outcome, except for ulceration. SLN biopsy appears to be justified for prognostic purposes in patients with thick melanomas. |
### Instruction:
Do sea water or its components alter experimental irritant dermatitis in man?
### Response:
| The effect of sea water may be attributed to skin barrier preservation by NaCl and KCl, and an emollient effect by NaCl. |
### Instruction:
Do abrogation of G2 checkpoint specifically sensitize p53 defective cells to cancer chemotherapeutic agents?
### Response:
| G2/M checkpoint abrogators can potentially enhance the cytotoxic effect of conventional chemotherapeutic reagents specifically to tumor cells. |
### Instruction:
Is trichostatin A a histone deacetylase inhibitor with potent antitumor activity against breast cancer in vivo?
### Response:
| The present studies confirm the potent dose-dependent antitumor activity of TSA against breast cancer in vitro and in vivo, strongly supporting HDAC as a molecular target for anticancer therapy in breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Do cD8+ T cell subsets TC1 and TC2 cause different histopathologic forms of murine cardiac allograft rejection?
### Response:
| Both Tc1 and Tc2 cells can mediate murine cardiac allograft rejection in the absence of CD4+ T cell help, although each subset elicits a different type of inflammatory response. In this model, cytokine secretion of either functional CD8+ T effector cell subset is an important effector mechanism in the process of allograft rejection: IFN-gammahigh Tc1 cells are important in early graft vasculitis, although IL-4high IL-5high Tc2 cells promote recruitment of secondary effectors like eosinophils. |
### Instruction:
Is stress-induced hyperthermia in the 5-HT ( 1A ) receptor knockout mouse normal?
### Response:
| 5 -HT(1A) receptor knockout mice display a normal SIH response, and results indicate, based on the SIH, that the GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor complex functions normally. |
### Instruction:
Does paclitaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy cause encephalopathy in patients with ovarian cancer : a prospective EEG mapping study in 28 patients?
### Response:
| The results of this study suggest that chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel and carboplatin does not cause adverse effects on the central nervous system. Improved vigilance was measured in patients with ovarian cancer after chemotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Do evaluation of a balanced fresh paste diet for maintenance of captive neotropical rattlesnakes used for venom production?
### Response:
| Results suggest that a balanced fresh paste diet has sufficient nutritional value to avoid weight loss and death and does not adversely affect venom quality in captive neotropical rattlesnakes. |
### Instruction:
Is rieger syndrome associated with PAX6 deletion?
### Response:
| Rieger syndrome can -- in addition to PITX2 gene mutations and abnormalities at chromosome 13q14 -- be associated with PAX6 gene abnormalities. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin B ( 6 ) therapy improve hematocrit in hemodialysis patients supplemented with iron and erythropoietin?
### Response:
| The results indicate that in hemodialysis patients with normal pyridoxine status who, despite appropriate supplementation of iron and EPO, fail to reach optimal hematocrit levels, additional pyridoxine treatment does not produce any hematocrit elevation. |
### Instruction:
Does urinary prostaglandin D synthase ( beta-trace ) excretion increase in the early stage of diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| Urinary L-PGDS excretion increased in the early stage of kidney injury in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The urinary excretion was correlated independently with urinary protein excretion even when there was no difference in urinary protein or albumin excretions, thereby suggesting that urinary L-PGDS excretion is possibly a more sensitive indicator of renal injuries than proteinuria. Urinary L-PGDS may thus predict the progression of renal injuries in diabetic patients. |
### Instruction:
Does ultra-fast-track anesthetic technique facilitate operating room extubation in patients undergoing off-pump coronary revascularization surgery?
### Response:
| Implementation of UFTA technique provided adequate hemodynamic control and facilitated operating room extubation in all patients. The impact of UFTA on earlier patient discharge and actual cost savings within a fully integrated post-cardiac surgery unit requires further evaluation. |
### Instruction:
Is intestinal iron uptake determined by divalent metal transporter enhanced in HFE-deficient mice with hemochromatosis?
### Response:
| Disruption of the HFE gene up-regulates functional DMT1 transporters and enhances uptake of ferrous iron by this mechanism; DMT1 also mediates increased uptake after reduction of ferric iron presented at physiological concentrations. |
### Instruction:
Is a beta-blocker , not magnesium , effective prophylaxis for atrial tachyarrhythmias after coronary artery bypass graft surgery?
### Response:
| beta-Blocker prophylaxis is indicated to reduce the incidence of POAT in CABG surgery patients and to prevent a beta-blocker withdrawal effect in patients receiving these medications preoperatively. Digoxin and magnesium as sole or adjuvant agents do not offer suppressive or ventricular rate reduction benefits in POAT. |
### Instruction:
Is cyclin-dependent kinase 5 expressed in both Sertoli cells and metaphase spermatocytes?
### Response:
| The cyclin-dependent kinases are known regulators of the cell cycle; however, Cdk5 expression previously has been described in terminally differentiated cells of the brain. The present evidence of an association between Cdk5 and microfilaments of Sertoli cells and meiotic metaphase germ cells suggests a role of Cdk5 in both seminiferous tubule function and meiosis. |
### Instruction:
Does exogenous topical lactoferrin inhibit allergen-induced Langerhans cell migration and cutaneous inflammation in humans?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate that LF is able to influence cutaneous immune and inflammatory responses, possibly because of an impaired production of local proinflammatory cytokines. |
### Instruction:
Does helicobacter pylori infection reduce systemic availability of dietary vitamin C?
### Response:
| H. pylori substantially impairs the bio-availability of vitamin C. This, together with the reduced vitamin C intake of H. pylori-positive subjects, markedly reduces the plasma vitamin C level of infected subjects. The reduced circulating levels of vitamin C in H. pylori-infected subjects may contribute to the aetiology of gastric cancer, as well as other diseases associated with anti-oxidant deficiency. |
### Instruction:
Is gut luminal neutrophil migration influenced by the anatomical site of Crohn 's disease?
### Response:
| Neutrophil migration to the gut lumen in Crohn's disease is a feature of colonic disease irrespective of associated ileal lesions. This suggests that bacterial-derived chemo-attractants may play a role. High levels of IL-8 in colonic disease are consistent with this hypothesis. |
### Instruction:
Do changes in genioglossus muscle activity in obstructive sleep apnea patients with and without snore guard?
### Response:
| The effect of Snore Guard on OSA patients is a mechanical enlargement of upper airway volume. The genioglossus muscle is passive during treatment. |
### Instruction:
Do the effects of Ledermix paste on discolouration of immature teeth?
### Response:
| It was concluded that Ledermix paste may cause discolouration of immature teeth. Such effects can be minimized if placement of the paste is restricted to below the gingival margin. Clinicians should ensure that Ledermix paste is not left on the walls of access cavities, especially in immature teeth. |
### Instruction:
Does dipyridamole myocardial SPECT with low heart rate response indicate cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with diabetes?
### Response:
| In patients with diabetes who have normal dipyridamole SPECT results, an attenuated HR response observed during stress indicates a high likelihood of CAN. Further work that assesses these results in diabetes patients with coronary artery disease is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Do adenomatous polyps develop commonly in the ileal pouch of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis?
### Response:
| Adenomatous polyps occur frequently in ileal pouches. These findings are of concern, and therefore, regular surveillance seems warranted until the natural history of these adenomatous polyps is determined. |
### Instruction:
Are the alpha and gamma tocopherol levels in serum influenced by the dietary fat quality?
### Response:
| Alpha and gamma tocopherol levels in serum are influenced by the type of fat used in the diet. The most unexpected finding is that the lipid-adjusted gamma tocopherol concentration significantly decreased by 37% during a diet rich in saturated fat with an increased ratio between alpha and gamma tocopherol, similar to the situation found in CHD patients. |
### Instruction:
Is increased calcium influx responsible for the sustained mechanical tone in colon from dystrophic ( mdx ) mice?
### Response:
| Increased Ca2+ influx through L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels seems to be responsible for the sustained mechanical tone of proximal colon from mdx mice. The mechanisms for sequestering calcium appear to be unaltered. |
### Instruction:
Is angiogenesis induced by electrical stimulation mediated by angiotensin II and VEGF?
### Response:
| The current study suggests a pathway involving angiotensin II receptors (AT1) and VEGF in electrically stimulated angiogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does chronic vasodilation induce matrix metalloproteinase 9 ( MMP-9 ) expression during microvascular remodeling in rat skeletal muscle?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that the expression of MMP-9 increases during in vivo microvascular remodeling in adult skeletal muscle. The MMP-9 expression is limited to larger (>20-microm diameter) microvessels, suggesting a role for MMP-9 in the remodeling of such vessels during prazosin-induced vasodilation and the subsequent capillary proliferation. |
### Instruction:
Does 20-HETE contribute to myogenic activation of skeletal muscle resistance arteries in Brown Norway and Sprague-Dawley rats?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the production of 20-HETE via CP450 4A enzymes contributes to the myogenic activation of skeletal muscle resistance arteries from normotensive BN and SD rats. 20-HETE may act through a receptor-mediated process to block vascular smooth muscle KCa channels in response to the elevated transmural pressure. |
### Instruction:
Is gastrin-releasing peptide a potent vasodilator in humans?
### Response:
| Gastrin-releasing peptide proved to be a potent, dose-dependent arteriolar vasodilator. The time to onset and offset of effect was rapid, within minutes, and marked tachyphylaxis was shown, with recovery by approximately 20 minutes. The contribution of nitric oxide to this vasodilatation was minimal. Forearm blood flow studies with the use of gastrin-releasing peptide may be usefully incorporated into the further clinical development of broad-spectrum neuropeptide growth factor antagonists. |
### Instruction:
Does peptidoglycan from sterile human spleen induce T-cell proliferation and inflammatory mediators in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy subjects?
### Response:
| The fact that PG, which can be found in synovial tissues of RA patients is able to induce the production of inflammatory mediators supports the hypothesis that PG plays a role in the pathogenesis of RA by influencing the inflammatory microenvironment of the joint. |
### Instruction:
Does keratinocyte growth factor promote goblet cell differentiation through regulation of goblet cell silencer inhibitor?
### Response:
| KGF promotes goblet cell differentiation through the induction of GCSI-BP, a goblet cell-specific transcription factor. GCSI-BP may play a central role in intestinal goblet cell differentiation. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway contribute to HT29 and Caco-2 intestinal cell differentiation?
### Response:
| Our results show that inhibition of PI3K significantly enhances enterocyte-like differentiation of HT29 and Caco-2 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest a contributory role for the PI3K/PTEN pathway in intestinal cell differentiation. |
### Instruction:
Are serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels correlated with body mass index rather than route of administration in women undergoing in vitro fertilization -- embryo transfer using human menopausal gonadotropin and intracytoplasmic sperm injection?
### Response:
| The highest levels of hCG were measured in women with the lowest BMI. Patients' body size, rather than route of hCG delivery, appears to determine circulating levels of hCG. |
### Instruction:
Are mitochondrial disruption and limited apoptosis of erythroblasts associated with high risk myelodysplasia . An ultrastructural analysis?
### Response:
| These data indicate that in MDS apoptosis may play a role in early stages of disease. The overall prominent defects in mitochondria might be an additional defect that is involved in ineffective erythropoiesis. |
### Instruction:
Does 830-nm irradiation increase the wound tensile strength in a diabetic murine model?
### Response:
| Low-power laser irradiation at 830 nm significantly enhances cutaneous wound tensile strength in a murine diabetic model. Further investigation of the mechanism of LLLT in primary wound healing is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Does 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in combination with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ameliorate renal osteodystrophy in rats with chronic renal failure?
### Response:
| Based on the above observations we suggest that the combined treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 markedly improves the morphologic and metabolic abnormalities of renal osteodystrophy. |
### Instruction:
Does neostigmine 50 microg kg ( -1 ) with glycopyrrolate increase postoperative nausea in women after laparoscopic gynaecological surgery?
### Response:
| The results suggest that antagonism of neuromuscular block with a high dose of neostigmine increases postoperative nausea and the use of antiemetic drugs during the first 6 h after administration. |
### Instruction:
Is angiopoietin-1 inversely related to thymidine phosphorylase expression in human breast cancer , indicating a role in vascular remodeling?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that the Ang/Tie2 pathway plays a significant role in human breast tumor angiogenesis but provide no initial evidence for direct regulation of the pathway by estrogen. |
### Instruction:
Do helicobacter pylori CagA-positive strains affect oxygen free radicals generation by gastric mucosa?
### Response:
| Gastric mucosa of patients infected by HP-CagA-positive strains is characterized by a higher generation of ROMs and by greater neutrophil counts than that observed in HP-CagA-negative subjects. Since ROMs production is associated with DNA oxidative damage, a long-term stimulation by these strains might be relevant in the pathogenesis of gastric malignancies. Assessment of CagA status might be useful to discriminate patients in which H. pylori eradication is advisable. |
### Instruction:
Is intestinal adaptation in atrophic rat ileum accompanied by supersensitivity to vasoactive intestinal peptide , pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide and nitric oxide?
### Response:
| Intestinal adaptation after bypassing the distal ileum of the rat includes a transient supersensitivity of the longitudinal muscle to the NO donor SNAP, VIP and PACAP-27. These augmented relaxatory responses may contribute to the hypomotility noted in inactive intestine. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of selectin function and leukocyte rolling protect against dextran sodium sulfate-induced murine colitis?
### Response:
| These results suggest that selectins mediate leukocyte infiltration and tissue damage in experimental colitis. Moreover, our data support the concept that functional interference with adhesion molecules of the selectin family may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. |
### Instruction:
Is transforming growth factor-alpha ( TGF-alpha ) needed for malignant transformation in experimental colitis?
### Response:
| The markedly increased severity of mucosal injury in chronic induced DSS colitis in TGF-alpha deficient wa-1 mice compared to Balb/c mice further substantiates that endogenous TGF-alpha is a pivotal mediator of protection and/or healing mechanisms in the colon. The appearance of dysplastic and cancerous lesions in TGF-alpha deficient animals suggests that TGF-alpha per se is not essential for malignant mucosal cell transformation in colitis. |
### Instruction:
Is fas mRNA expression in blood reduced during episodes of human corneal graft rejection?
### Response:
| These results indicate low levels of Fas mRNA in blood may have a role in corneal transplant rejection. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Anterior optic neuritis do to ulcerative colitis ]?
### Response:
| On examination, bilateral anterior uveitis associated to a picture of optic nerve lesion compatible with a bilateral anterior optic neuritis was observed. The patient was diagnosed of ulcerative colitis by intestinal biopsy. The ocular affectation resolved after the ulcerative colitis was treated with systemic mesalamine. |
### Instruction:
Does piracetam therapy enhance cognitive functioning in children with down syndrome?
### Response:
| Piracetam therapy did not enhance cognition or behavior but was associated with adverse effects. |
### Instruction:
Does dietary lipoic acid supplementation prevent fructose-induced hypertension in rats?
### Response:
| Dietary alpha-lipoic acid supplementation in fructose-treated WKY rats may prevent their increase in systolic blood pressure by normalizing cytosolic [Ca2+], blood glucose and insulin, kidney and aortic aldehyde conjugates and preventing adverse renal vascular changes. |
### Instruction:
Is apolipoprotein H increased in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria?
### Response:
| Serum apo H levels are increased in type 2 diabetics with microalbuminuria. |
### Instruction:
Does the muscarinic agonist xanomeline increase monoamine release and immediate early gene expression in the rat prefrontal cortex?
### Response:
| Xanomeline increased extracellular levels of dopamine, which is similar to the effects of the atypical antipsychotics clozapine and olanzapine. The regional pattern of immediate early gene expression induced by xanomeline resembled that of atypical antipsychotic agents. Based on the antipsychotic-like activity of xanomeline in Alzheimer's patients and the similarity to atypical antipsychotic agents, we suggest that xanomeline may be a novel antipsychotic agent. |
### Instruction:
Is response to chemotherapy a major parameter-influencing long-term survival of metastatic breast cancer patients?
### Response:
| Response to an anthracycline-based chemotherapy is a major independent prognostic factor in metastatic breast cancer. The use of this factor to investigate new drugs seems to be pertinent. The good prognosis of complete responders justifies further evaluation of new treatment strategies for this patient population. |
### Instruction:
Is the distribution of major lymphocyte subsets in cord blood associated with its pH?
### Response:
| Cord blood pH and labor-associated variables should be taken into account to adequately interpret the profile of major lymphocyte subsets as a marker of the effect of different prenatal factors on the immune system of neonates. |
### Instruction:
Is local hyperthermia , radiation , and chemotherapy in recurrent breast cancer feasible and effective except for inflammatory disease?
### Response:
| In patients with recurrent breast cancer, triple-modality therapy is feasible with acceptable toxicity. High remission rates can be achieved in noninflammatory disease, however, local control is limited to a few months. Whether the addition of chemotherapy has a clear-cut advantage to radiothermotherapy alone remains an open question. |
### Instruction:
Does aspirin inhibit the acute venodilator response to furosemide in patients with chronic heart failure?
### Response:
| In patients with CHF, venodilation occurs within minutes of the administration of intravenous dose of furosemide. Our observation that aspirin inhibits this effect further questions the use of aspirin in patients with CHF. |
### Instruction:
Are beneficial effects of ramipril on left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes after uncomplicated invasive revascularization associated with a reduction in cardiac events in patients with moderately impaired left ventricular function and no clinical heart failure?
### Response:
| Even in this patient group, LV dilation may supervene and lead to an adverse clinical outcome. Ramipril reduces the postoperative increase in LV volumes and may thereby improve clinical outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does spinal radiation before surgical decompression adversely affect outcomes of surgery for symptomatic metastatic spinal cord compression?
### Response:
| Spinal radiation before surgical decompression for metastatic spinal cord compression is associated with a significantly higher major wound complication rate. In addition, preoperative spinal irradiation might adversely affect the surgical outcome. |
### Instruction:
Do etomidate and thiopental inhibit platelet function in patients undergoing infrainguinal vascular surgery?
### Response:
| In the present study, etomidate and, to a minor extent, thiopental offered significant platelet inhibitory properties. Anesthetic-induced platelet inhibition may lead to higher transfusion rates and prolonged operation times. Therefore, anesthetic-related platelet inhibitory properties should be considered when searching for the anesthetic agent of choice, especially in patients with compromised hemostasis and co-existing bleeding disorders. |
### Instruction:
Does ropivacaine 1 mg x ml ( -1 ) decrease the need for epidural fentanyl after hip replacement surgery?
### Response:
| Addition of ropivacaine 1 mg x ml(-1) to epidural fentanyl 10 microg x ml(-1) did not significantly decrease the requirement for fentanyl administered for pain relief after hip replacement surgery. |
### Instruction:
Is the D-allele of the ACE polymorphism related to increased QT dispersion in 609 patients after myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Thus, the ACE D-allele may be associated with increased QT dispersion in patients after myocardial infarction but not in healthy subjects. An interaction of myocardial damage and genetic predisposition that both enhance the activity of the renin angiotensin system may decrease the repolarization homogeneity of the heart. |
### Instruction:
Does a stearic acid-rich diet improve thrombogenic and atherogenic risk factor profiles in healthy males?
### Response:
| Results from this study indicate that stearic acid (19g/day) in the diet has beneficial effects on thrombogenic and atherogenic risk factors in males. The food industry might wish to consider the enrichment of foods with stearic acid in place of palmitic acid and trans fatty acids. |
### Instruction:
Do structures of beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I complexed with fatty acids elucidate its catalytic machinery?
### Response:
| The same mechanism is proposed for KAS II, which also has a Cys-His-His active site triad. Comparison to the active site architectures of other thiolase fold enzymes carrying out a decarboxylation step suggests that chalcone synthase and KAS III with Cys-His-Asn triads use another mechanism in which both the histidine and the asparagine interact with the thioester oxo group. The acyl binding pockets of KAS I and KAS II are so similar that they alone cannot provide the basis for their differences in substrate specificity. |
### Instruction:
Is variation in clinical decision making a partial explanation for geographical variation in lower extremity amputation rates?
### Response:
| Variations in the clinical decisions made by vascular surgeons given the same patient are likely to explain at least a part of the observed geographical variation in rates of lower extremity amputation. Consensus guidelines may enable more consistent decision making for this problem. |
### Instruction:
Do igE mimotopes of birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 induce blocking IgG in mice?
### Response:
| Allergen mimotopes can be used for the induction of anti allergen IgG of desired specificity. We propose that mimotope immunotherapy based on IgE mimotopes generated by biopannings may represent a future concept for therapy of type I allergy. |
### Instruction:
Does elevated cyclooxygenase-2 expression correlate with diminished survival in carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiotherapy?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that increased expression of COX-2 portends a diminished survival in patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiotherapy. Because COX-2 is an early-response gene involved in angiogenesis and inducible by different stimuli, these data may indicate opportunity to intervene with specific inhibitors of COX-2 in carcinoma of the cervix. |
### Instruction:
Is the A54T polymorphism at the intestinal fatty acid binding protein 2 associated with insulin resistance in glucose tolerant Caucasians?
### Response:
| The A54T polymorphism at the FABP2 locus is a risk factor for insulin resistance in a Caucasian population. |
### Instruction:
Is switching from Ventolin CFC to Ventolin HFA well tolerated and effective in patients with asthma?
### Response:
| Patients who were switched from Ventolin CFC to Ventolin HFA maintained comparable asthma control with a similar safety profile. |
### Instruction:
Does l-Arginine improve endothelial function in renal artery of hypertensive Dahl rats?
### Response:
| The present results suggest that impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine is caused in part by induction of EDCF synthesis/release in renal arteries of hypertensive Dahl rats. L-arginine can attenuate sodium retention and development of hypertension, which lead to a decrease in EDCF synthesis in renal arteries. |
### Instruction:
Do widely used prostate carcinoma cell lines share common origins?
### Response:
| Several widely used prostate carcinoma cell lines apparently have identities in common. The knowledge that some of these cell lines are derivatives of one another prompts re-evaluation of previously obtained results. |
### Instruction:
Is intravenous ketamine plus midazolam superior to intranasal midazolam for emergency paediatric procedural sedation?
### Response:
| Intravenous ketamine plus midazolam used in an appropriate setting by experienced personnel provides an excellent means of achieving sedation suitable for most non-painful minor procedures for children in the emergency department. This combination is superior to INM in terms of speed of onset and consistency of effect. INM delivered via aerosol spray has a more variable effect but may still be adequate for the completion of many of these procedures. |
### Instruction:
Does `` Puffed-cheek '' CT improve evaluation of the oral cavity?
### Response:
| The puffed-cheek CT maneuver is easily taught, and patients comply readily. Puffed-cheek CT scans provide a clearer and more detailed evaluation of mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity than do conventional scans. In selected patients, the puffed-cheek technique can supplement conventional CT studies. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-4 induce a switch of human intestinal mast cells from proinflammatory cells to Th2-type cells?
### Response:
| In the presence of the mast cell survival factor SCF, mature human mast cells produce predominantly proinflammatory cytokines, whereas in the presence of SCF and IL-4, mast cells produce not only proinflammatory but also Th2 cytokines. |
### Instruction:
Is fluctuation in autonomic tone a major determinant of sustained atrial arrhythmias in patients with focal ectopy originating from the pulmonary veins?
### Response:
| In patients with focal ectopy originating from the pulmonary veins, sustained episodes of atrial arrhythmias are mainly dependent on variations of autonomic tone, with a significant shift toward vagal predominance before AF onset. |
### Instruction:
Do allergic sensitization and allergen exposure during pregnancy favor the development of atopy in the neonate?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that Th-2/Th-0 immunity present during pregnancy has a decisive impact on shaping the Th-1/Th-2 T cell profile in response to postnatal allergen exposure. |
### Instruction:
Do t cytotoxic 1 and T cytotoxic 2 CD8 T cells both inhibit IgE responses?
### Response:
| Both Tc1 and Tc2 CD8 T cells promote Th1 immunity and inhibit IgE responses. This process appears to be independent of CD8 T cell-derived IFN-gamma, as both Tc2 (IFN-gamma-) and Tc1 (IFN-gamma+) CD8 T cells inhibited IgE. |
### Instruction:
Is subendometrial contractility predictive for in vitro fertilization ( IVF ) outcome?
### Response:
| Subendometrial contractility plays no important role in implantation on the day of embryo transfer or 4 days later. |
### Instruction:
Does patient volume per surgeon predict survival in adult level I trauma centers?
### Response:
| The significant independent predictors of survival in severely injured trauma patients are Ps, GCS score, age, mechanism of injury, and institutional volume. We found no statistically meaningful contribution to the prediction of survival on the basis of per-surgeon patient volume. Since this volume criterion for surgeon enpanelment and trauma center designation would not be expected to improve outcome, such a requirement should be justified by other measures or abandoned. |
### Instruction:
Does deficiency of urokinase-type plasminogen activator-mediated plasmin generation impair vascular remodeling during hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice?
### Response:
| Loss of the u-PA or plasminogen gene protects against the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling. These observations point to an essential role of u-PA-mediated plasmin generation in the adaptive response to chronic hypoxia and the occurrence of hypoxic pulmonary vascular disease. |
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