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### Instruction:
Does cadaveric allograft discard as a result of positive skin cultures?
### Response:
| Despite the strict adherence to AATB protocol, microbial contamination of cadaveric allograft skin does not reach zero. It is not surprising that S. epidermidis was the predominant isolate, since skin is one of its common habitats. Continued vigilance in microbial testing remains paramount to ensure the quality of the allograft. |
### Instruction:
Does orphanin FQ/nociceptin attenuate motor stimulation and changes in nucleus accumbens extracellular dopamine induced by cocaine in rats?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that the modulatory effect of OFQ on locomotor activity is not solely due to its inhibitory action on extracellular DA in the Nuc Acc. |
### Instruction:
Does a new mutation in a family with cold-aggravated myotonia disrupt Na ( + ) channel inactivation?
### Response:
| This novel mutation of the sodium channel indicates that a single carbon change in a transmembrane alpha-helix of domain I can alter channel inactivation and cause cold-sensitive myotonia. |
### Instruction:
Is secondary calpain3 deficiency in 2q-linked muscular dystrophy : titin the candidate gene?
### Response:
| These results imply that titin mutations may be responsible for TMD, and that the pathophysiologic pathway following calpain3 deficiency may overlap with LGMD2A. The loss of calpain3 could be a downstream effect of the deficient TMD gene product. The significance of the secondary calpain3 defect for the pathogenesis of TMD was emphasized by similar calpain3 deficiency in the MDM mouse, which is suggested to be a mouse model for TMD. Homozygous mutation at the 2q locus may thus be capable of producing yet another LGMD. |
### Instruction:
Does sequential map-guided endocardial resection for ventricular tachycardia improve outcome?
### Response:
| Sequential map-guided endocardial resection at normothermia was associated with low operative mortality and low postoperative inducibility of sustained ventricular tachycardia. The selected therapeutic approach resulted in freedom of arrhythmia recurrence and cardiac mortality including sudden death, during long-term follow-up. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of proinflammatory and Th1 but not Th2 cytokines enhanced in gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori infected children?
### Response:
| The findings of this study indicate that, in children, Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammatory response would favour production of proinflammatory cytokines and development of cell-mediated immunity, namely Th1 response. |
### Instruction:
Do the presence and extent of endometriosis effect clinical pregnancy and implantation rates in patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection?
### Response:
| The presence and extent of endometriosis do not affect implantation and clinical pregnancy rates in patients undergoing ICSI. |
### Instruction:
Is recurrent unstable angina after directional coronary atherectomy related to the extent of initial coronary plaque inflammation?
### Response:
| There is a positive association between the extent of initial coronary plaque inflammation and the recurrence of unstable angina during long-term follow-up after DCA. These results underline the role of ongoing smoldering plaque inflammation in the recurrence of unstable angina after coronary interventions. |
### Instruction:
Are psychosocial variables associated with atherosclerosis risk factors among women with chest pain : the WISE study?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate consistent and clinically relevant relationships between psychosocial factors and atherosclerosis risk factors among women and may aid our understanding of the increased mortality risk among women reporting high levels of psychological distress. |
### Instruction:
Do cortisol-secreting adrenal adenomas express 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-2 gene yet possess low 11beta-HSD2 activity?
### Response:
| Collectively, our findings indicate that cortisol-secreting adrenal adenomas express the 11beta-HSD2 gene, but the activity of the enzyme is suppressed in adenomas when compared with the normal adrenal cortex. We advance the hypothesis that the elevated local concentration of steroid hormones that occur in adenomas down-regulates 11beta-HSD2 activity, thereby contributing to their abnormal steroidogenic function. |
### Instruction:
Does dissolution of root canal sealer cement in volatile solvents?
### Response:
| There are significant differences in the solubility profiles of major classes of root canal sealer in common organic solvents. Efforts should continue to find a more universally effective solvent for use in root canal treatment. |
### Instruction:
Are ethanol consumption and reward decreased in mu-opiate receptor knockout mice?
### Response:
| These data fit with the reported therapeutic efficacy of MOR antagonists in the treatment of human alcoholism. Allelic variants that confer differing levels of MOR expression could provide different degrees of risk for alcoholism. |
### Instruction:
Are the discriminative stimulus properties of self-administered ethanol mediated by GABA ( A ) and NMDA receptors in rats?
### Response:
| Self-administered ethanol substituted for and potentiated the stimulus effects of investigator-administered ethanol, suggesting that the discriminative stimulus effects of self-administered ethanol are similar to those produced by investigator-administered ethanol. Self-administered ethanol enhanced the ethanol-like discriminative stimulus effects of MK-801 and pentobarbital, which suggests that the discriminative stimulus effects of self-administered ethanol are mediated by NMDA and GABAA receptors. |
### Instruction:
Does alleviating constipation in the elderly improve lower urinary tract symptoms?
### Response:
| Our data demonstrated that medical relief of constipation significantly improves LUTS in the elderly which, in turn, improves the patient's mood, sexual activity and quality of life. |
### Instruction:
Do the effects of Ledermix paste on discolouration of mature teeth?
### Response:
| It was concluded that Ledermix paste may cause discolouration of teeth. Such effects can be minimized if placement of the paste is restricted to below the gingival margin. Clinicians should ensure that Ledermix paste is not left on the walls of access cavities. |
### Instruction:
Is treatment-induced remission in rheumatoid arthritis patients characterized by a reduction in macrophage content of synovial biopsies?
### Response:
| Remission in RA patients is characterized by a predominant reduction in macrophage content of the synovial membrane, suggesting that current DMARDs may target this cell and its inflammatory mediators. |
### Instruction:
Is amelioration of rat antigen-induced arthritis by liposomally conjugated methotrexate accompanied by down-regulation of cytokine mRNA expression?
### Response:
| Liposomally conjugated MTX may exert its beneficial effects in experimental arthritis through IL-1beta and IL-6 inhibition. |
### Instruction:
Does sDF-1 induce IL-8 production and transendothelial migration of human cord blood-derived mast cells?
### Response:
| Human mast cells can both migrate across vascular endothelium and produce the pro-angiogenic chemokine IL-8 in response to SDF-1. These responses may be important in angiogenic processes. |
### Instruction:
Do elevated levels of oxidized low density lipoprotein show a positive relationship with the severity of acute coronary syndromes?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that ox-LDL levels show a significant positive correlation with the severity of acute coronary syndromes and that the more severe lesions also contain a significantly higher percentage of ox-LDL-positive macrophages. These observations suggest that increased levels of ox-LDL relate to plaque instability in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions. |
### Instruction:
Does fluvastatin lower atherogenic dense low-density lipoproteins in postmenopausal women with the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype?
### Response:
| Fluvastatin lowers total and LDL cholesterol and the concentration of dLDL. This profile may contribute to an antiatherogenic effect for fluvastatin that is greater than expected on the basis of changes in lipids and apolipoproteins. |
### Instruction:
Does serpin protein CrmA suppress hypoxia-mediated apoptosis of ventricular myocytes?
### Response:
| To our knowledge, we provide the first direct evidence for the operation of CrmA as an antiapoptotic factor in ventricular myocytes during prolonged durations of hypoxia. Furthermore, our data suggest that perturbations to mitochondria including PT pore changes and (m) loss are caspase-regulated events that appear to be separable from cytochrome c release. |
### Instruction:
Does adiposity in childhood predict obesity and insulin resistance in young adulthood?
### Response:
| These data confirm that adiposity in childhood is a strong predictor of young adult adiposity. In addition, these results demonstrate that cardiovascular risk in young adulthood is highly related to the degree of adiposity as early as age 13. |
### Instruction:
Do mEK and p38MAPK inhibitors potentiate TNF-alpha induced apoptosis in U937 cells?
### Response:
| TNF-alpha induced apoptosis was potentiated by the inhibition of either MEK alone, or MEK plus p38MAPK, suggesting that the MAPK pathway may be a promising target for cancer therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does transdermal estrogen reduce vascular resistance and serum cholesterol in postmenopausal women?
### Response:
| Equivalent reductions in vascular resistance index, norepinephrine, mean arterial pressure, and cholesterol were observed with transdermal and oral estrogens. Future studies comparing novel hormone regimens with oral hormone replacement therapy should include multiple risk markers to allow better assessment of their potential impact on coronary artery health. |
### Instruction:
Are oxidative damages critical in pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis : implication of antioxidants in its treatment?
### Response:
| Oxygen-derived free radicals seem to be one of the important mediators in generation of reflux esophagitis, which suggests that the combination of antioxidant and anti-secretory medications will be ideal and more beneficial in the prevention and treatment of reflux esophagitis than currently prescribed antisecretory treatment alone. |
### Instruction:
Does active cooling during open repair of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms improve outcome?
### Response:
| Active cooling during repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms allows for longer cross-clamp times, more complex repairs and improves outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does acidic environment modify heat- or radiation-induced apoptosis in human maxillary cancer cells?
### Response:
| Hyperthermia treatment is more effective at inducing apoptosis than radiation is in tumors that contain a population of low pH adapted cells. |
### Instruction:
Does ebola virus glycoprotein demonstrate differential cellular localization in infected cell types of nonhuman primates and guinea pigs?
### Response:
| Ebola virus GP appears to selectively accumulate in many cell types infected in vivo, but not in macrophages and monocytes. This finding suggests that many cell types may have a GP-processing pathway that differs from the pathway described by previous in vitro studies. Differential cellular localization of GP could be relevant to the pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. |
### Instruction:
Does carbohydrate depletion have profound effects on the muscle amino acid and glucose metabolism during hyperinsulinaemia?
### Response:
| (1) Carbohydrate availability has profound effects on the interrelationship between glucose and amino acid metabolism and on the form of storage for glucose-derived carbons. (2) For most amino acids changes in plasma levels of amino acids are not related to changes in concentrations of intramuscular amino acids during hyperinsulinaemia. |
### Instruction:
Does screen-based anesthesia simulation with debriefing improve performance in a mannequin-based anesthesia simulator?
### Response:
| Residents who managed anesthetic problems using a screen-based anesthesia simulator handled the emergencies in a mannequin-based anesthesia simulator better than residents who were asked to study a handout covering the same problems. Computer simulations with feedback are effective as a supplement to traditional residency training methods for the management of medical emergencies. |
### Instruction:
Does continuous positive airway pressure normalize cardiac autonomic and hemodynamic responses to a laboratory stressor in apneic patients?
### Response:
| These results indicate that CPAP normalizes contractility, increases cardiac vagal tone, and changes hemodynamic regulation from being resistance dominated to being cardiac dominated. Thus, after 1 week of treatment with CPAP, many of the indicators of poor cardiac functioning in apnea patients are improved. |
### Instruction:
Does reticuloendothelial system blockade promote progression from mild to severe acute pancreatitis in the opossum?
### Response:
| Artificial RES blockade can promote the progression from mild pancreatitis as observed after PDO to the severe necrotizing form of the disease. Thus, RES dysfunction resulting from biliary obstruction might be an important cofactor in the pathogenesis of bile-induced pancreatitis. |
### Instruction:
Does denervated stomach as an esophageal substitute recover intraluminal acidity with time?
### Response:
| Early after vagotomy, intraluminal gastric acidity is reduced in two thirds of patients, but the stomach recovers a normal intraluminal pH profile with time, so that in more than one third of patients, disabling cervical heartburn and esophagitis develop. The potential for the development of Barrett's metaplasia in the esophageal remnant brings into question the use of the stomach as an esophageal substitute in benign and early neoplastic disease. |
### Instruction:
Do effect of hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor therapy on high sensitive C-reactive protein levels?
### Response:
| Pravastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin significantly decreased levels of hs-CRP. These data support an anti-inflammatory effect of these drugs. |
### Instruction:
Does recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein attenuate the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in lower limb ischemia-reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| These findings show that hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury is associated with endotoxemia, elevations in plasma interleukin-6, and pulmonary leukosequestration. Treatment with rBPI(21) after ischemia reduces endotoxemia, the interleukin-6 response, and attenuates pulmonary leukosequestration in response to hind limb reperfusion injury. |
### Instruction:
Does zoledronic acid reduce skeletal-related events in patients with osteolytic metastases?
### Response:
| A 5-minute infusion of 2.0-4.0 mg zoledronic acid was at least as effective as a 2-hour 90-mg pamidronate infusion in treatment of osteolytic metastases. A 0.4-mg dose of zoledronic acid was significantly less effective. Both zoledronic acid and pamidronate were well tolerated. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Gluten enteropathy in Croatian children primarily associated with the HLA-DR3-DQ2 haplotype ]?
### Response:
| The results suggest that in Croatia CD is primarily associated with HLA-DQ2 specificities on the DR3-DQ2 haplotype. |
### Instruction:
Is tGF-beta 1 alone and in combination with calcium hydroxide synergistic to TGF-beta 1 production by osteoblasts in vitro?
### Response:
| Exogenous TGF-beta 1 has an autocrine effect on cell cultures of osteoblasts. Administration of TGF-beta 1 alone or in combination with Ca(OH)2 increases the synthesis of TGF-beta 1 in osteoblast cultures. Ca(OH)2 and TGF-beta 1 are compatible when placed in a culture of osteoblasts. Ca(OH)2 provides a favourable environment for the anabolic effects of TGF-beta 1. |
### Instruction:
Does bladder opacification significantly influence dose distribution in conformal radiotherapy of prostate cancer?
### Response:
| Bladder opacification used during simulation does not significantly influence prostate or rectal dose distributions in prostate patients treated with 3D-CRT, 18 MV X-rays, and a six-beam arrangement. |
### Instruction:
Do application of Ultrafast Papanicolaou stain to body fluid cytology?
### Response:
| It seems that Ultrafast Papanicolaou stain improves the resolution of cytoplasmic and nuclear details of nonhematopoietic cells in body fluids. However, to detect cancer in all types of fluids, Diff-Quik and CytoRich preparations are also required. We now examine three slides per fluid sample, one slide by each of the three techniques. |
### Instruction:
Do effect of the whistle watch device on bronchodilator use in children with asthma?
### Response:
| The WW device is a cheap, easy-to-use and effective tool that reduces the number of bronchodilator doses used by asthmatic children at home. |
### Instruction:
Are plasma levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 affected by ketorolac as an adjunct to patient-controlled morphine after abdominal hysterectomy?
### Response:
| The authors conclude that supplementation using ketorolac plus administration of morphine modifies cytokine responses and may contribute to immune augmentations during postoperative periods. |
### Instruction:
Do partially wedged beams improve radiotherapy treatment of urinary bladder cancer?
### Response:
| PWBs represent a simple dose conformation tool that may allow radiation dose escalation in the treatment of muscle-infiltrating urinary bladder tumours. |
### Instruction:
Does intravascular sonotherapy decrease neointimal hyperplasia after stent implantation in swine?
### Response:
| In this swine peripheral model, intravascular sonotherapy seemed to decelerate cellular proliferation and decrease in-stent hyperplasia. Therefore, intravascular sonotherapy may be an effective form of nonionizing energy to reduce in-stent restenosis. |
### Instruction:
Do sialyl Lewis X and anti-P-selectin antibody attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced acute renal failure in rabbits?
### Response:
| These results suggest that selectin inhibitors, including sialyl Lewis X oligosaccharide and PB1.3, may provide clinical benefits in the prevention of ARF associated with sepsis and MODS. To our knowledge, this is the first report that P-selectin is directly involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced ARF in rabbits. |
### Instruction:
Is the tension-free vaginal tape procedure successful in the majority of women with indications for surgical treatment of urinary stress incontinence?
### Response:
| The tension-free vaginal tape operation is an effective and safe procedure for treatment of most cases of female urinary stress incontinence. The operation can be performed as an ambulatory procedure because of the low risk of post-operative morbidity. |
### Instruction:
Are the synthesis and secretion of fatty acid ethyl esters from HepG2 cells stimulated by lipoproteins and albumin?
### Response:
| These observations indicate that lipoproteins and albumin can extract ethyl esters from HepG2 cells and thereby may limit alcohol-induced liver damage. |
### Instruction:
Is absence of 5-HT ( 1B ) receptors associated with impaired impulse control in male 5-HT ( 1B ) knockout mice?
### Response:
| Serotonin 1B receptors are essential in impulse control by inhibiting responses to nonentrained stimuli. Therefore, the 5-HT(1B) KO mouse might be an important additional model for studying aspects of disinhibition in aggression and impulse control. |
### Instruction:
Does the CarboMedics supraannular top hat valve improve prosthesis size in the aortic root?
### Response:
| The supraannular Top Hat valve provides an advantage of one to two sizes over the intraannular valve, and improves the effective valve opening area. Both valves offer favorable hemodynamic performance and functional improvement. |
### Instruction:
Is oncosis associated with exposure of phosphatidylserine residues on the outside layer of the plasma membrane : a reconsideration of the specificity of the annexin V/propidium iodide assay?
### Response:
| This study concludes that the annexin V/PI assay does not discriminate between apoptosis and oncosis and that it can be a useful tool to study oncosis by flow cytometry. |
### Instruction:
Is histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-G expressed by endometriosis or endometrial tissue?
### Response:
| Immune cell inhibition in endometriosis must be mediated by factors other than HLA-G. |
### Instruction:
Does humanized anti-IgE mAb Hu-901 prevent the activation of allergen-specific T cells?
### Response:
| These data clearly indicate that anti-IgE antibodies for the treatment of allergy exert their effect not only by inhibiting mast cell/basophil degranulation, but also by preventing T cell activation, which possibly explains the effect of anti-IgE treatment on late-phase reactions noted in clinical studies. |
### Instruction:
Does l-carnitine moderately improve the exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina?
### Response:
| Oral L-carnitine is safe and moderately improves the duration of exercise and time to recovery of ST changes in patients with chronic stable angina. |
### Instruction:
Does fentanyl improve the nerve block characteristics of axillary brachial plexus anaesthesia performed with ropivacaine?
### Response:
| The addition of fentanyl 1 microg. ml-1 to ropivacaine 7.5 mg. ml-1 does not improve the nerve block characteristics of axillary brachial plexus anaesthesia for orthopaedic procedures involving the hand. |
### Instruction:
Does new experience with absolute ethanol sclerotherapy in the management of a complex form of congenital venous malformation?
### Response:
| Absolute ethanol sclerotherapy alone can deliver excellent results in complex forms of venous malformations with considerable but acceptable morbidity and may be able to reduce the morbidity involved with the conventional surgical therapy alone on complex forms of venous malformation. No recurrence or deterioration of the therapy results was observed during the follow-up period (average, 10.2 months) after the completion of multistaged therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does oncoprotein 18 overexpression increase the sensitivity to vindesine in the human lung carcinoma cells?
### Response:
| Oncoprotein 18 expression is associated with lung carcinoma cell sensitivity to vindesine and may be able to serve as a surrogate marker for the chemosensitivity to Vinca alkaloids in human lung carcinomas. |
### Instruction:
Does gene therapy with extracellular superoxide dismutase protect conscious rabbits against myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Direct gene transfer of the cDNA encoding membrane-bound Ec-SOD affords powerful cardioprotection, providing proof of principle for the effectiveness of antioxidant gene therapy against MI. |
### Instruction:
Does digitonin enhance the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin against methylcholanthrene-induced rat sarcoma cells in vitro?
### Response:
| Digitonin enhances the antitumor effect of cisplatin against methylcholanthrene-induced rat sarcoma in vitro. |
### Instruction:
Does cardiopulmonary bypass elicit a pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response and impaired neutrophil chemotaxis in neonatal pigs?
### Response:
| The CPB procedure elicited a systemic inflammatory response in terms of significantly elevated plasma levels of IL-8 and IL-10. Furthermore, a temporary and simultaneous decrease in PMN chemotaxis was observed immediately after CPB. |
### Instruction:
Does midazolam reduce the dose of propofol required for induction of anaesthesia and laryngeal mask airway insertion?
### Response:
| Midazolam reduces the dose of propofol required for induction of anaesthesia and successful insertion of the laryngeal mask airway. There was no clinical benefit to be gained from the addition of lidocaine. |
### Instruction:
Do ketamine and propofol differentially inhibit human neuronal K ( + ) channels?
### Response:
| The anaesthetics differed not only in their clinical profiles but they also showed differential actions on voltage-dependent potassium channels in several ways. This provides additional evidence for the hypothesis that voltage-dependent potassium channels play an important role in anaesthesia. |
### Instruction:
Is impaired postural control of the lumbar spine associated with delayed muscle response times in patients with chronic idiopathic low back pain?
### Response:
| Patients with chronic low back pain demonstrated poorer postural control of the lumbar spine and longer trunk muscle response times than healthy control volunteers. Correlation between these two phenomena suggests a common underlying pathology in the lumbar spine. |
### Instruction:
Do endocervical Gram stain smears and their usefulness in the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis?
### Response:
| The use of endocervical Gram smear results together with clinical information can be used to identify high risk women for C trachomatis infection. |
### Instruction:
Do anabolic effects of rhIGF-I/IGFBP-3 in vivo are influenced by thyroid status?
### Response:
| The relationship between endocrine axes is not simple. An improved understanding of the interactions between neuroendocrine systems may facilitate the design of efficient drug regimens in the treatment of diseases such as osteoporosis and muscle wasting. |
### Instruction:
Does blood pressure rise before the onset of microalbuminuria in children followed from diagnosis of type 1 diabetes . Oxford Regional Prospective Study Group?
### Response:
| A rise in systemic BP cannot be detected before the first appearance of MA in children with type 1 diabetes. BP rises concurrently with the onset of MA and is also closely related to BMI. |
### Instruction:
Does prolonged ethanol treatment enhance lipopolysaccharide/phorbol myristate acetate-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in human monocytic cells?
### Response:
| These results suggest that ROS induction is involved in EtOH-enhanced TNF-alpha production by monocytes. This study also provides insight into the mechanisms of alteration of TNF-alpha production in different EtOH exposure settings. |
### Instruction:
Are na/Li countertransport abnormalities in type 1 diabetes with and without nephropathy familial?
### Response:
| Clinically normal untreated DNrels have the same abnormality in Na/Li CT as the affected patients. DNrels had a metabolic syndrome with increased BMI and plasma triglycerides, but no elevation in blood pressure. Na/Li CT can detect those type 1 diabetic patients at risk of nephropathy who have a familial abnormality in a membrane thiol protein. |
### Instruction:
Do dexamethasone megadoses stabilize rat liver lysosomal membranes by non-genomic and genomic effects?
### Response:
| Dexamethasone megadoses may preserve lysosomal membrane integrity by a dual action involving both rapid nongenomic effects occurring instantaneously after administration and long-term receptor-dependent genomic events. |
### Instruction:
Is duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis related inversely to presenting disease stage in children with medulloblastoma?
### Response:
| Contrary to expectations, the duration of presenting symptoms was correlated inversely with disease state at the time of presentation. This finding has implications for lawsuits alleging that a "delay in diagnosis" leads to more advanced disease. There is weak evidence (P = 0.08) that males have a longer duration of symptoms than females. This may be related to gender-associated behavior expectations. |
### Instruction:
Is adult-onset asthma associated with self-reported mold or environmental tobacco smoke exposures in the home?
### Response:
| This population-based case-referent study indicates that self-reported domestic exposures to molds or environmental tobacco smoke can be associated with adult-onset asthma. |
### Instruction:
Does specific immunotherapy prevent increased levels of allergen-specific IL-4- and IL-13-producing cells during pollen season?
### Response:
| Taken together, our data show a downregulation of IL-4- and IL-13-producing cells in peripheral blood after SIT, suggesting induction of nonresponsiveness/tolerance or a redistribution of these cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SIT acts on antibody production by increasing the specific IgG4 levels. |
### Instruction:
Does sildenafil citrate effectively reverse sexual dysfunction induced by three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy?
### Response:
| In men receiving 3DCRT for prostate cancer, these data indicate that sildenafil citrate is effective for restoring SF and associated satisfaction back to baseline before treatment. |
### Instruction:
Does methotrexate stimulate lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells to release eosinophil chemotactic activity?
### Response:
| These data suggest that lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells may modulate eosinophil recruitment into the lung by releasing ECA in response to MTX. |
### Instruction:
Do serum levels of interleukin 6 and stress related substances indicate mental stress condition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| In patients with RA, excessive mental stress should be eliminated to modify the interaction between the stress-immune system and stress-endocrine system as a method to better control disease activity. |
### Instruction:
Does analysis of false-positive BTA STAT test result in patients followed up for bladder cancer?
### Response:
| Patients with a positive BTA stat Test result but negative cystoscopic findings have about a 16% risk of an undetected recurrence. False-positive results may be due to present instillation treatment and urine infection, and the predictive value of a BTA stat Test for subsequent recurrence seems relatively low. |
### Instruction:
Is high-grade prostate cancer associated with low serum testosterone levels?
### Response:
| Patients with high Gleason score prostate cancer have lower testosterone and estradiol serum levels. The fact that gonadotropins were lower in parallel suggests a tumor-mediated suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hormone axis particularly in men with high Gleason score tumours. |
### Instruction:
Is phenoxybenzamine more effective and less harmful than papaverine in the prevention of radial artery vasospasm?
### Response:
| Phenoxybenzamine more effectively prevents alpha-adrenoreceptor mediated spasm of the human radial artery than papaverine. It is also less harmful to the endothelium. |
### Instruction:
Is carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes more strongly related to serum apoprotein A-I in females?
### Response:
| In the present study, low serum apoprotein A-I, a major protein component of HDL, was found to be related to increased carotid intima-media thickness. This relationship was stronger in females than in males, which suggests possible gender differences in the relationship between apoprotein A-1 and early atherosclerotic lesions in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
### Instruction:
Is phospholipase C activity of Helicobacter pylori associated with the presence of the cagA gene?
### Response:
| Although PLC activity was present in all strains tested, it may only have pathological importance in patients with GU. However, the extent of PLC activity was independent of the presence of the cagA gene. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of the gamma ( 2 ) chain of laminin-5 at the invasive front associated with recurrence and poor prognosis in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that the laminin gamma(2) chain plays a key role in the progression of esophageal carcinoma and that its detection is useful for the prediction of recurrence and poor prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Does absence of endogenous interleukin 10 enhance early stress response during post-ischaemic injury in mice intestine?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate that endogenous IL-10 exerts an anti-inflammatory role during reperfusion injury, possibly by regulating early stress related genetic response, adhesion molecule expression, neutrophil recruitment, and subsequent cytokine and oxidant generation. |
### Instruction:
Does helicobacter pylori infection induce hyperammonaemia in Mongolian gerbils with liver cirrhosis?
### Response:
| H pylori infection induces hyperammonaemia in gerbils with liver cirrhosis. |
### Instruction:
Is heavy drinking associated with more severe psychosocial dysfunction among girls than boys in Finland?
### Response:
| Heavy drinking is associated with more severe psychosocial dysfunction among girls than boys. It may be possible to identify girls at school who drink heavily and guide them toward treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is glucocorticoid-mediated repression of inflammatory cytokine production in fibroblast-like rheumatoid synoviocytes independent of nuclear factor-kappaB activation induced by tumour necrosis factor alpha?
### Response:
| DEX may suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-1beta, but it neither prevents the translocation of NF-kappaB to the nucleus nor induces the synthesis of IkappaB-alpha protein in FLSs stimulated by TNF-alpha. |
### Instruction:
Are nicotine-induced enhancements in the five-choice serial reaction time task in rats strain-dependent?
### Response:
| The magnitude of improvement in accuracy seen with nicotine in SD rats is greater than previously demonstrated using lesion or parametric manipulation models in other strains of rat in this test of attention. Although this suggests that the SD strain may be a useful "tool" for future studies, other task parameters, such as stimulus duration, may have to be optimum to demonstrate the magnitude of improvement observed presently. |
### Instruction:
Does triazolam discrimination in squirrel monkeys distinguish high-efficacy agonists from other benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepine drugs?
### Response:
| BZ agonists can be distinguished on the basis of substitution for triazolam and, thus, the triazolam discrimination may be a useful tool for identifying compounds of different efficacy at BZ receptors. BZ/alpha1 receptors appear to play a prominent role in the DS effects of triazolam, but the contribution of other subtypes of BZ receptors cannot be ruled out. |
### Instruction:
Is stance control affected by paresis and reflex hyperexcitability : the case of spastic patients?
### Response:
| It is proposed that body posture, paresis, or monosynaptic reflex hyperexcitability do not affect the control of equilibrium during quiet upright stance. In hemiparetic patients, the decreased amplitude of MLRs might be the main cause of the large postural instability. The results are congruent with the hypothesis of a role for group II afferent input in the reflex control of equilibrium. |
### Instruction:
Does ethanol enhance GABAA receptor function in short sleep and long sleep mouse brain membranes?
### Response:
| The present studies are the first to show a statistically significant effect of ethanol on GABA-activated chloride uptake in both SS and LS mice with a clear difference between the genotypes in threshold. The relative threshold differences between SS and LS microsacs in sensitivity to ethanol indicate that selection for resistance to ethanol-induced LORR in SS mice has shifted the ethanol-GABAA receptor concentration-response curve to the right. The findings add key evidence that supports a cause-effect relationship between sensitivity to ethanol-induced potentiation of GABAA receptor function and genetically determined sensitivity to ethanol's behavioral effects. |
### Instruction:
Does earlier diagnosis of second primary melanoma confirm the benefits of patient education and routine postoperative follow-up?
### Response:
| In this study, the second primary melanoma in patients with a prior cutaneous melanoma was significantly thinner than the initial primary lesion. This is evidence that careful follow-up and patient education allow earlier diagnosis. All patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma should be counseled regarding the risks of second melanoma and should undergo lifelong follow-up at biannual intervals. |
### Instruction:
Are serum endostatin levels elevated in patients with soft tissue sarcoma?
### Response:
| Serum endostatin, VEGF, and bFGF levels are elevated in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Elevated endostatin levels appear to be associated with tumor aggressiveness. The role of these cytokines in sarcoma angiogenesis and as potential targets for therapy warrants further study. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of NF-kappa B with proteasome inhibitors enhance apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro?
### Response:
| Proteasome inhibition was an effective method to inhibit NF-kappa B activation in lung adenocarcinoma cells. TNF in conjunction with. NF-kappa B inhibition was a potent stimulus for apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Does gLP-2alpha accelerate recovery of mucosal absorptive function after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion?
### Response:
| When initiated at the time of intestinal I/R, a continuous infusion of GLP-2alpha accelerated recovery of mucosal absorptive function in rats. Remarkably, carbohydrate absorption at 72 hours was increased to a level significantly greater than that in normal, uninjured rat intestine. J Pediatr Surg 36:570-572. |
### Instruction:
Does significant increase in young adults ' snacking between 1977-1978 and 1994-1996 represent a cause for concern?
### Response:
| This large increase in total energy and energy density of snacks among young adults in the United States may be contributing to our obesity epidemic. |
### Instruction:
Does transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation reduce neglect-related postural instability after stroke?
### Response:
| This is among the first studies to provide clinical evidence supporting the "postural body scheme" concept. |
### Instruction:
Does metastatic renal cell carcinoma neovasculature express prostate-specific membrane antigen?
### Response:
| As in primary prostatic adenocarcinomas, the neovasculature of metastatic prostate cancer, regardless of site, rarely express PSMA. The neovascular endothelial cells of metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma, however, express PSMA. This expression may make PSMA an effective target for mAb-based antineovasculature therapy in metastatic renal carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term intermittent dobutamine infusion combined with oral amiodarone improve the survival of patients with severe congestive heart failure?
### Response:
| Long-term IDI in conjunction with amiodarone, added to conventional drugs, improved clinical status and survival of patients with severe CHF. |
### Instruction:
Do a pessimistic attitude towards the future and low psychosocial functioning predict psychiatric diagnosis among treatment-seeking adolescents?
### Response:
| Health service staff should be aware of factors associated with psychiatric disorders in adolescents so that they can identify those at high risk. |
### Instruction:
Do psychiatric disorders affect outcomes of antireflux operations for gastroesophageal reflux disease?
### Response:
| Patients with psychiatric disorders are rarely satisfied with the results of antireflux surgery. Moreover, these patients demonstrated less symptomatic relief than patients without psychiatric disorders. Patients who were dissatisfied with antireflux surgery--even those without psychiatric disorders--had lower scores on the SF-36 mental health domain. These results suggest that even patients who might otherwise be candidates for antireflux surgery may have a poor symptomatic outcome, if they also have low mental health domain scores. Antireflux surgery in patients who suffer from major depression or anxiety disorder should be approached with great trepidation. |
### Instruction:
Does eradication of Helicobacter pylori restore the inhibitory effect of cholecystokinin on gastric motility in duodenal ulcer patients?
### Response:
| 1) H. pylori infection in DU patients is accompanied by enhanced gastric emptying and reduction in luminal release of somatostatin; 2) the failure of loxiglumide to affect gastric emptying in H. pylori-infected DU patients might be attributed, at least in part, to the failure of endogenous CCK to control gastric motility due to deficient release of somatostatin; and 3) H. pylori-infected patients appear to exhibit a deficient somatostatin release by endogenous CCK that can be reversed by the eradication of H. pylori indicating that both CCK and somatostatin may contribute to normalization of gastric emptying following H. pylori eradication in DU patients. |
### Instruction:
Are cTLA4 gene polymorphisms associated with , and linked to , insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a Russian population?
### Response:
| The CTLA4 gene is strongly associated with, and linked to IDDM in a Russian population. |
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