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### Instruction:
Is outdoor , but not indoor , nitrogen dioxide exposure associated with persistent cough during the first year of life?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that exposure to outdoor, but not indoor, NO(2) during the first year of life increases the risk of persistent cough. |
### Instruction:
Does pralidoxime inhibit paraoxon-induced depression of rocuronium-neuromuscular block in a time-dependent fashion?
### Response:
| Paraoxon depressed rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block by inhibiting ChEs, and the action of Pox was inhibited by PAM. Pralidoxime acts more intensely when applied earlier. The time-dependent effect of PAM indicates that the preceding presence of PAM in proximity to ChEs before Pox is necessary for definite suppression of the Pox-induced ChE inhibition. |
### Instruction:
Is genetic variation in the tau protein phosphatase-2A pathway associated with Alzheimer 's disease risk?
### Response:
| Our negative findings in the Spanish population argue against the hypothesis that genetic variation in the tau protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) pathway is causally related to AD risk. |
### Instruction:
Are aortic stiffness and vitamin D independent markers of aortic calcification in patients with peripheral arterial disease and in healthy subjects?
### Response:
| These results indicate that calcification of the aorta is independently associated with aortic stiffness and serum 25(OH)D level in patients with PAD and in healthy subjects. Aortic stiffness and abnormal vitamin D level may contribute to vascular calcification and are related to higher severity grade of atherosclerotic disease. |
### Instruction:
Is mild chronic kidney disease an independent predictor of long-term mortality after emergency angiography and primary percutaneous intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Mild RI (eGFR=60-89 ml/min/1.73 m2) on admission is strongly predictive of short- and long-term mortality in patients with STEMI admitted to the catheter laboratory. A redefined threshold of clinically significant impairment is now required (GFR<90 ml/min/1.73 m2). |
### Instruction:
Do fatigue resistance of 2 different CAD/CAM glass-ceramic materials used for single-tooth implant crowns?
### Response:
| Lack in chemical adhesion between titanium abutment and dental cement likely reduces the fatigue resistance of machinable glass-ceramic materials. However, relatively better fractural strength of leucite glass-ceramics could be taken into consideration. Accordingly, progress on developmental changes in filler composition of glass-ceramics may be promising. |
### Instruction:
Are platelet antibodies and fetal growth : maternal antibodies against fetal platelet antigen 1a strongly associated with reduced birthweight in boys?
### Response:
| A linear relation between maternal anti-HPA 1a antibody levels and reduced birthweight in boys was demonstrated. Reduced birthweight should be considered a possible complication of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. |
### Instruction:
Is young age under 60 years a contraindication to treatment with definitive dose escalated radiotherapy for prostate cancer?
### Response:
| This is the largest, most mature study of younger men treated with RT for prostate cancer that confirms young age is not prognostic for BF. |
### Instruction:
Is the maximum standardized uptake value ( SUVmax ) on FDG-PET a strong predictor of local recurrence for localized non-small-cell lung cancer after stereotactic body radiotherapy ( SBRT )?
### Response:
| SUVmax was the strongest predictor for local recurrence. A high SUVmax may be considered for dose escalation to improve local control. Additional follow-up is needed to determine if SUVmax is correlated with regional recurrence, distant metastasis, and survival. |
### Instruction:
Do microenvironmental genomic alterations reveal signaling networks for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| We verified the involvement of T-cell receptor signaling pathways in HNSCC as well as associated oncogenes such as LCK and PLCB1, and tumor suppressors such as STAT5A, PTPN6, PARK2. We identified expression levels of genes within significant LOH/AI regions specific to stroma networks that correlate with better outcome in radiation therapy. By integrating various levels of high-throughput data, we were able to precisely focus on specific proteins and genes that are germane to HNSCC. |
### Instruction:
Is thromboxane-induced contractile response of human coronary arterioles diminished after cardioplegic arrest?
### Response:
| Cardioplegia/Rep decreases the contractile response of human coronary arterioles to TXA-2 soon after cardiac operations. The contractile response to the TXA-2 analog U-46619 is through activation of TXA-2 receptors and PLC. |
### Instruction:
Does venous thromboembolism share strong familial susceptibility with ischemic stroke : a nationwide family study in Sweden?
### Response:
| VTE does not share strong familial susceptibility with ischemic stroke in the Swedish population. Moreover, familial nongenetic factors contribute to the observed weak familial associations. The present study suggests that it is unlikely that strong shared disease-causing mutations exist to a large extent in the Swedish population. |
### Instruction:
Does viscoelastic clot strength predict coagulation-related mortality within 15 minutes?
### Response:
| These data suggest that the point-of-care TEG parameter clot strength (G) provides consistent, independent prediction of MT and MT-death early in the resuscitation of injured patients. |
### Instruction:
Is transradial access for renal artery intervention feasible and safe?
### Response:
| Elective transradial renal intervention is feasible and safe. Radial-renal distance is a limitation with available guides. |
### Instruction:
Is zebrafish Ext2 necessary for Fgf and Wnt signaling , but not for Hh signaling?
### Response:
| We conclude that ext2 is involved in Fgf and Wnt signaling but not in Hh signaling, revealing an unexpected specificity for ext2 in signaling pathways during embryonic development. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that regulation of heparan sulfate biosynthesis has distinct instructive functions for different signaling factors. |
### Instruction:
Do the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane-rich gastric parietal cells exist as functional stable mini-stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm?
### Response:
| These results indicate that the unusual organization of individual Golgi stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm of these terminally differentiated cells is likely to be a developmentally regulated event. |
### Instruction:
Does telestroke-guided intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator treatment achieve a similar clinical outcome as thrombolysis at a comprehensive stroke center?
### Response:
| Telestroke is a viable alternative to in-person evaluation when stroke expertise is not readily available. |
### Instruction:
Is mDM2 amplification an independent prognostic feature of node-negative , estrogen receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer?
### Response:
| The MDM2 oncogene is amplified in a substantial proportion of ER+ early-stage breast carcinomas and an independent parameter for poor patient outcome in this subgroup. The prognostic effect of MDM2 is closely connected to estrogen receptor expression of breast carcinomas. |
### Instruction:
Does concentration of hyaluronic acid in human vocal fold in young and old subjects?
### Response:
| HA concentrations are higher in the cover and ligament compared with the muscle in both genders and age groups, and there is a higher HA concentration in ligament compared with the muscle of young subjects of both genders. HA levels in the cover samples of younger women showed great variability that may relate to ovarian hormone levels, reflecting different phases of the menstrual cycle. |
### Instruction:
Do human thrombomodulin knock-in mice reveal differential effects of human thrombomodulin on thrombosis and atherosclerosis?
### Response:
| Expression of human thrombomodulin in place of murine thrombomodulin produces viable mice with a prothrombotic phenotype but unaltered responses to systemic inflammatory or atherogenic stimuli. This humanized animal model will be useful for investigating the function of human thrombomodulin under pathophysiological conditions in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Are the lipid-sensor candidates CD36 and GPR120 differentially regulated by dietary lipids in mouse taste buds : impact on spontaneous fat preference?
### Response:
| In contrast to GPR120, CD36 appears to be a food-sensitive lipid sensor in the gustatory circumvallate papillae. Lipid-mediated change in lingual CD36 expression might modulate the motivation for fat during a meal, initially high and then gradually decreasing secondary to the food intake. This short-term lipid-mediated effect is reminiscent of sensory-specific satiety. These findings, which highlight the role played by CD36 in the oro-sensory perception of dietary lipids, raise the possibility of novel pharmacological strategies to modify attraction for fatty foods and decrease obesity risks. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term L-carnitine administration reduce erythropoietin resistance in chronic hemodialysis patients with thalassemia minor?
### Response:
| This study provides evidence of the lowering of EPO resistance in β-thalassemia patients on hemodialysis due to long-term carnitine administration. Thus, prolonged carnitine supplementation should be suggested to patients on dialysis affected by β-thalassemia with poorly responsive anemia, or requiring large doses of erythropoietin. |
### Instruction:
Does access to a running wheel decrease cocaine-primed and cue-induced reinstatement in male and female rats?
### Response:
| These data indicate that long-term access to a running wheel decreases drug-primed and cue-induced reinstatement, and that physical activity may be effective at preventing relapse in substance-abusing populations. |
### Instruction:
Do major depression and treatment response in adolescents with ADHD and substance use disorder?
### Response:
| These preliminary findings suggest that compared to non-depressed adolescents with ADHD and SUD, those with co-occurring MDD have more severe substance use at baseline and throughout treatment. Such youth may require interventions targeting depression. |
### Instruction:
Is a polymorphism in the retinol binding protein 4 gene associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in several different ethnic groups?
### Response:
| Interestingly, the rs3758539 retinol binding protein 4 single nucleotide polymorphism was not found to be associated with gestational diabetes. The absence of association suggests that gestational and type 2 diabetes may have more divergent molecular pathophysiology than previously suspected. |
### Instruction:
Does irsogladine maleate regulate epithelial barrier function in tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated human gingival epithelial cells?
### Response:
| The results suggest that IM reverses the TNF-α-induced disruption of the gingival epithelial barrier by regulating E-cadherin and claudin-1. |
### Instruction:
Are psychosocial complaints associated with venous access-device related complications in patients on home parenteral nutrition?
### Response:
| Psychosocial complaints are associated with previously experienced VAD-related complications in patients on HPN therapy. Although only an association, and not a causal relationship is demonstrated by these findings, our results underscore the need for preventive and therapeutic measures regarding both types of problems in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Do functional KCa3.1 K+ channels are required for human fibrocyte migration?
### Response:
| The K(+) channel K(Ca)3.1 plays a key role in human fibrocyte migration. Currently available K(Ca)3.1-channel blockers might therefore attenuate tissue fibrosis and remodeling in patients with diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asthma through the inhibition of fibrocyte recruitment. |
### Instruction:
Is in vitro toxicity of particulate matter ( PM ) collected at different sites in the Netherlands associated with PM composition , size fraction and oxidative potential -- the RAPTES project?
### Response:
| The response of RAW264.7 cells to ambient PM was markedly different using samples collected at various sites in the Netherlands that differed in their local PM emission sources. Our results are in support of other investigations showing that the chemical composition as well as oxidative potential are determinants of PM induced toxicity in vitro. |
### Instruction:
Do reactive oxygen species contribute to oridonin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells?
### Response:
| ROS plays a critical role in oridonin-induced apoptosis and autophagy. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate related to personality and stress response?
### Response:
| DHEAS may be a protective factor against an excessive cortisol response when people are under stress situations. Personality may be related to DHEAS reactivity. |
### Instruction:
Does ablation of TSC2 enhance insulin secretion by increasing the number of mitochondria through activation of mTORC1?
### Response:
| Activation of mTORC1 by TSC2 ablation increases mitochondrial biogenesis and enhances insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. |
### Instruction:
Do alpha7-nicotinic receptors modulate nicotine-induced reinforcement and extracellular dopamine outflow in the mesolimbic system in mice?
### Response:
| The present results reveal new insights for the role of α7 nAChRs in modulating the action of nicotine within the mesolimbic circuit. These receptors appear to potentiate the reinforcing action of nicotine administered into the VTA while regulating its action over time on DA outflow in the ACb. |
### Instruction:
Does ephedrine enhance the antinociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine in mice?
### Response:
| We concluded that the combined administration of dexmedetomidine with ephedrine may have beneficial effects in the treatment of pain without causing sedation, which limits the use of dexmedetomidine as an analgesic in humans. |
### Instruction:
Is a new locus in chromosome 2q37-qter associated with posterior polar cataract?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that an unidentified gene in chromosome 2q37-qter is associated with posterior polar cataract, which may have an implication in understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms of cataracts. |
### Instruction:
Is atrial fibrillation hospitalization increased with short-term elevations in exposure to fine particulate air pollution?
### Response:
| Unlike previously observed associations with ischemic heart disease events and heart failure hospitalizations using similar study design and approaches, this study found that hospitalization for AF was not significantly associated with elevations in short-term exposure to fine PM air pollution. |
### Instruction:
Does ranolazine reduce ventricular tachycardia burden and ICD shocks in patients with drug-refractory ICD shocks?
### Response:
| Ranolazine proved effective in reducing VT burden and ICD shocks in patients with AAD-refractory VT. Ranolazine should be further tested for this indication and considered for clinical application when other options have proven ineffective. |
### Instruction:
Does gABA ( A ) receptor modulation during adolescence alter adult ethanol intake and preference in rats?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate that GABA(A) receptor modulation during adolescence can alter intake and preference for ethanol in adulthood and highlights the importance of drug history as an important variable in the liability for alcohol abuse. |
### Instruction:
Does natural antioxidant dihydroxybenzyl alcohol block ritonavir-induced endothelial dysfunction in porcine pulmonary arteries and human endothelial cells?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that the naturally occurring antioxidant DHBA reduces the impairment of vasomotor functions caused by RTV in porcine PAs and reduces oxidative stress caused by RTV in HPAEC and porcine PA rings. This study indicates that DHBA may have clinical applications in the prevention or treatment of antiretroviral drugs-associated vascular complications in patients with HIV. |
### Instruction:
Does nicotinamide mononucleotide protect against pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated impairment of mouse islet function?
### Response:
| Chronic fructose feeding causes severe islet dysfunction in mice. Onset of beta cell failure in FRD-fed mice may occur via lowered secretion of eNAMPT, leading to increased islet inflammation and impaired beta cell function. Administration of exogenous NMN to FRD-fed mice corrects inflammation-induced islet dysfunction. Modulation of this pathway may be an attractive target for amelioration of islet dysfunction associated with inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Is highly sensitive AFP-L3 % assay useful for predicting recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment pre- and postoperatively?
### Response:
| The µTAS was found to be a highly sensitive assay for AFP-L3% in patients with curative treatment of HCC. A cutoff value of 5% was useful for predicting recurrence after the curative treatment and detecting small tumors and early stage HCC. Additionally, postoperative AFP-L3% was found to be a prognostic factor of HCC recurrence. |
### Instruction:
Does a functional genomic screen reveal novel host genes that mediate interferon-alpha 's effects against hepatitis C virus?
### Response:
| We identified 93 genes that mediate the anti-HCV effect of IFN-α through genome-wide siRNA screening; 23 and nine genes were involved in mRNA processing and translation initiation, respectively. These findings reveal an unexpected role for mRNA processing in generation of the antiviral state, and suggest a new avenue for therapeutic development in HCV. |
### Instruction:
Does microRNA-135a contribute to the development of portal vein tumor thrombus by promoting metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma?
### Response:
| Our data suggest an important role for miR-135a in promoting PVTT tumorigenesis and indicate the potential application of miR-135a in PVTT therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is emotional distress associated with poor self care in type 2 diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| The present study demonstrates that psychosocial factors directly influence glycemic control and diabetes self-care habits. In addition, diabetes-specific distress in study population was unrelated to the duration of diabetes, the age of the patients and anthropometric indices. |
### Instruction:
Are molecular events associated with ciclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth attenuated by Smad7 overexpression in fibroblasts?
### Response:
| The data presented here confirm that TGF-β1 expression is related to the molecular events associated with CsA-induced gingival overgrowth and suggest that Smad7 overexpression is effective in blocking these events, including proliferation, type I collagen synthesis and MMP-2 activity. |
### Instruction:
Does α-Linolenate reduce the dietary requirement for linoleate in the growing rat?
### Response:
| Providing dietary LNA at 0.5 en% reduces the rat's physiological requirement for LA by an estimated factor of at least four (0.5en% instead of 2en%). Since LA requirements in humans are also based on the same flawed model of EFA deficiency, it is plausible that they too have been overestimated and should therefore be reinvestigated. |
### Instruction:
Is c-reactive protein associated with aortic stiffness in a cohort of African American and white women transitioning through menopause?
### Response:
| Menopause is strengthening the association between CRP and PWV, independent of age, and this effect seems to be stronger among African American women. This study provides a potential mechanism for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal women. |
### Instruction:
Does exercise improve lung function and habitual activity in children with cystic fibrosis?
### Response:
| Increases in exercise capacity over a two-month period resulted in significantly improved lung function and self-reported habitual activity. Longer, controlled trials are needed to develop individualized exercise recommendations. |
### Instruction:
Is proximity to vacant buildings associated with increased fire risk in Baltimore , Maryland , homes?
### Response:
| We believe that this is the first study to demonstrate increased risk posed by nearby VP at the household level, confirming earlier ecological analyses of the role of VP as strong correlates of home fires. Measurement of this risk can motivate property owners, policy makers and insurers to invest in risk reduction measures that include building maintenance and trash removal. |
### Instruction:
Does implantation of mesenchymal stem cells improve right ventricular impairments caused by experimental pulmonary hypertension?
### Response:
| Intravenous implantation of MSCs could significantly reduce or even reverse the progression of MCT-induced PH, improve cardiac function and hemodynamics. |
### Instruction:
Is endoprosthetic treatment more durable for pathologic proximal femur fractures?
### Response:
| Endoprosthetic reconstruction is associated with fewer treatment failures and greater implant durability. Prospective studies are needed to determine the impact of operative strategy on function and quality of life. |
### Instruction:
Does shedding of syndecan-1 from human hepatocytes alter very low density lipoprotein clearance?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that syndecan-1 mediates hepatic VLDL turnover in humans as well as in mice and that shedding might contribute to hypertriglyceridemia in patients with sepsis. |
### Instruction:
Do genetic interactions between hepatocyte nuclear factor-6 and Notch signaling regulate mouse intrahepatic bile duct development in vivo?
### Response:
| HNF-6 and Notch signaling interact in vivo to control expression of downstream mediators essential to the normal development of the intrahepatic biliary system. This study provides a model to investigate genetic interactions of factors important to intrahepatic bile duct development and their effect on cholestatic liver disease phenotypes. |
### Instruction:
Do immunoglobulin M levels inversely correlate with CD40 ligand promoter methylation in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis?
### Response:
| The findings of an absence of genetic modifications of the CD40L gene, in concert with decreased DNA methylation of the CD40L promoter in PBC patients, suggests that environmental factors, rather than genetics, must play a major role in the pathogenesis of elevated serum IgM in PBC. |
### Instruction:
Do serum ferritin concentration and transferrin saturation before liver transplantation predict decreased long-term recipient survival?
### Response:
| SF concentration ≥365 μg/L in combination with TFS <55% before LT is an independent risk factor for mortality following LT. Lower TFS combined with elevated SF concentrations indicate that acute phase mechanisms beyond iron overload may play a prognostic role. SF concentration therefore not only predicts pre-LT mortality but also death following LT. |
### Instruction:
Do genetic polymorphisms in oestrogen receptor-binding sites affect clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen-deprivation therapy?
### Response:
| The incorporation of ERE SNPs into models with known predictors might improve outcome prediction in patients with prostate cancer receiving ADT. |
### Instruction:
Are patients satisfied with advanced practice physiotherapists in a role traditionally performed by orthopaedic surgeons?
### Response:
| Patients are highly satisfied with the care provided by APPs in follow-up clinics after joint replacement. Evaluation of the patient perspective is essential to any new role involving a shift in traditional practice boundaries. |
### Instruction:
Does peroxiredoxin-2 upregulated by NF-κB attenuate oxidative stress during the differentiation of muscle-derived C2C12 cells?
### Response:
| Prx-2 is upregulated via the PI3K/NF-κB pathway and attenuates oxidative stress during muscle differentiation and regeneration. |
### Instruction:
Is peroxiredoxin 3 a key molecule regulating adipocyte oxidative stress , mitochondrial biogenesis , and adipokine expression?
### Response:
| These data suggest that endogenous Prx3 may play an essential role in maintaining normal characteristics of adipocytes and that defect in Prx3 alters mitochondrial redox state and function, and adipokine expression in adipocytes leading to metabolic alteration. |
### Instruction:
Is age ≥ 80 years independently associated with survival outcomes after radical cystectomy : results from the Canadian Bladder Cancer Network Database?
### Response:
| Age ≥ 80 years at the time of radical cystectomy was independently associated with adverse survival outcomes. These data suggest that increased chronologic age should be considered in clinical trial design and in nomograms predicting survival. |
### Instruction:
Does small interfering RNA targeting heat shock protein 70 enhance chemosensitivity in human bladder cancer cells?
### Response:
| Silencing of HSP70 expression using siRNA could be an attractive therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer by inducing inhibition of tumor growth as well as enhancing chemosensitivity. |
### Instruction:
Does berberine inhibit the invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through Ezrin phosphorylation?
### Response:
| Berberine inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell invasion through inhibiting phos-Ezrin expression and filopodia formation. |
### Instruction:
Is the small GTPase Rap1 a novel regulator of RPE cell barrier function?
### Response:
| Rap1 GTPase is an important regulator of RPE cell junctions, and is required for maintenance of barrier function. This observation that RPE monolayers lacking Rap1 allow greater transmigration of CECs suggests a possible role for potentiating choroidal neovascularization during the pathology of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. |
### Instruction:
Does sodium coupled bicarbonate influx regulate intracellular and apical pH in cultured rat caput epididymal epithelium?
### Response:
| The present study shows that sodium coupled bicarbonate influx regulates intracellular and apical pH in cultured caput epididymal epithelium. |
### Instruction:
Does anti-TNF-alpha therapy enhance the effects of enzyme replacement therapy in rats with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI?
### Response:
| The results demonstrate that combining ERT with anti-TNF-alpha therapy improved the treatment outcome and led to significant clinical benefit. They also further validate the usefulness of TNF-alpha, RANKL and other inflammatory molecules as biomarkers for the MPS disorders. Further evaluation of this combination approach in other MPS animal models and patients is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Is comprehensive SNP array study of frequently used neuroblastoma cell lines ; copy neutral loss of heterozygosity common in the cell lines but uncommon in primary tumors?
### Response:
| We have shown that the NB tumors analyzed contain several interesting allelic imbalances that would either go unnoticed or be misinterpreted using other genome-wide techniques. These findings indicate that the genetics underlying NB might be even more complex than previously known and that SNP arrays are important analysis tools. We have also showed that these near-CN-LOH events are more frequently seen in NB cell lines compared to NB tumors and that a set of highly related cell lines have continued to evolve secondary to the subcloning event. Taken together our analysis highlights that cell lines in many cases differ substantially from the primary tumors they are thought to represent, and that caution should be taken when drawing conclusions from cell line-based studies. |
### Instruction:
Are in vitro anti-platelet effects of simple plant-derived phenolic compounds only found at high , non-physiological concentrations?
### Response:
| As concentrations of 100 μmol/L are unlikely to be reached in the circulation, it is doubtful whether consumption of dietary phenolics in nutritionally attainable amounts plays a major role in inhibition of platelet activation and aggregation in humans. |
### Instruction:
Is hypertension an independent predictor of mean platelet volume in patients with acute ischaemic stroke?
### Response:
| In patients with acute ischaemic stroke, platelet count and history of hypertension are the only determinants of MPV. |
### Instruction:
Does optimisation of atrioventricular delay during exercise improve cardiac output in patients stabilised with cardiac resynchronisation therapy?
### Response:
| Haemodynamically optimal AV delay shortened progressively with increasing heart rate during exercise, which suggests the need for programming of rate-adaptive AV delay in CRT recipients. |
### Instruction:
Is supine-exercise-induced oxygen supply to the right myocardium attenuated in patients with severe idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension?
### Response:
| H-OEF patients were hemodynamically poorer and showed a lower exercise-induced MBF increase compared to L-OEF patients, suggesting exercise-induced O(2) supply limitation. |
### Instruction:
Does frailty predict increased hospital and six-month healthcare cost following colorectal surgery in older adults?
### Response:
| A simple, brief preoperative frailty assessment accurately forecasts increased surgical hospital costs and postdischarge to 6-month healthcare costs after colorectal operations in older adults. |
### Instruction:
Do angiotensin-II and rosuvastatin influence matrix remodeling in human mesangial cells via metalloproteinase modulation?
### Response:
| Angiotensin-II induces a pro-fibrotic response in HMCs mainly via a dysregulation of the MMP-2/TIMP-2 pattern. This effect, partially amplified in the presence of high glucose and FFA, is reversed by rosuvastatin, suggesting another potential therapeutic application for this 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor. |
### Instruction:
Does kymographic characterization of vibration in human vocal fold with nodules and polyps?
### Response:
| Vibratory characteristics of normal and pathological vocal folds were quantitatively examined and compared using multiline DKG. These findings may allow for better characterization of pathologies and eventually assist in improving the clinical utility of DKG. |
### Instruction:
Is family poverty associated with cytomegalovirus antibody titers in U.S. children?
### Response:
| Early life social factors such as family poverty could have detrimental impacts on the developing immune system, with potentially important consequences for later life health outcomes. Exposure to socioeconomic stressors for longer periods during childhood may further enhance alterations in immune response to cytomegalovirus. |
### Instruction:
Do urinary MMP-2 and MMP-9 predict the presence of ovarian cancer in women with normal CA125 levels?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates the potential utility of urinary MMP-2 and MMP-9 to differentiate between ovarian cancer patients with normal CA125 levels and controls and suggests that urinary MMP-2 and MMP-9 may be a clinically useful aid in the diagnosis of advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin D ( 3 ) cryosensitization increase prostate cancer susceptibility to cryoablation via mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and necrosis?
### Response:
| The present study suggests that the use of VD(3) as a cryosensitizer increases cryoablation efficacy through the increased activity of apoptosis as well as through necrosis. The data show that through VD(3) treatment the overall level of AI CaP cell tolerance to freezing is reduced to a level similar to that of AS CaP. VD(3) pre-treatment in conjunction with cryoablation may increase treatment efficacy and reduce disease recurrence for CaP patients. |
### Instruction:
Is elective partial nephrectomy equivalent to radical nephrectomy in patients with clinical T1 renal cell carcinoma : results of a retrospective , comparative , multi-institutional study?
### Response:
| Elective PN is not associated with an increased risk of recurrence and cancer-specific mortality in both cT1a and cT1b tumours. Data from the present study strongly support the use of partial nephrectomy in patients with clinically T1 tumours, according to the current recommendations of the international guidelines. |
### Instruction:
Does bile salt supplementation act via the farnesoid X receptor to alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury?
### Response:
| A diet supplemented with bile salts, especially in patients who have decreased luminal bile salt, may prove beneficial and therapeutic in critical illness where intestinal injury is part of the spectrum. |
### Instruction:
Does implementation of educational video improve patient understanding of basic breast cancer concepts in an undereducated county hospital population?
### Response:
| Implementation of an educational video significantly improved understanding of breast cancer concepts in an undereducated population. |
### Instruction:
Is mycophenolic acid-related diarrhea associated with polymorphisms in SLCO1B nor with ABCB1 in renal transplant recipients?
### Response:
| Genotyping for ABCB1 or SLCO1B pretransplantation is unlikely to be of clinical value for individualization of MPA therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does symbiotic effectiveness of rhizobial mutualists vary in interactions with native Australian legume genera?
### Response:
| Theory has focused on trade-offs between the provision of benefits and symbiont competitive ability that might explain the persistence of less beneficial strains. However, differences in performance among co-occurring host species could also drive such patterns. Our results thus highlight the likely importance of plant community structure in maintaining variation in symbiotic effectiveness. |
### Instruction:
Does the nature and correlate of avoidance in obsessive-compulsive disorder?
### Response:
| Avoidance is common in OCD, and it is particularly frequently associated with contamination obsessions. There is a weak link between avoidance and hoarding and between avoidance and ordering/arranging/symmetry obsessions and compulsions. These results, along with the finding that OCD with avoidance is a more severe illness, have implications for the future diagnostic criteria, description, subtyping and treatment of OCD and for its relationship with other anxiety disorders. |
### Instruction:
Is high p27 expression associated with a better prognosis in East Asian non-small cell lung cancer patients?
### Response:
| In NSCLC, high p27 expression is associated with a better prognosis among East Asians. |
### Instruction:
Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins have chemopreventative effects in patients with Barrett 's esophagus?
### Response:
| NSAID and statin use reduce the risk of neoplastic progression in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Use of a combination of NSAIDs and statins appears to have an additive protective effect. |
### Instruction:
Does aPC ( cdh1 ) mediate degradation of the oncogenic Rho-GEF Ect2 after mitosis?
### Response:
| Our results identify Ect2 as a bona fide cell cycle-regulated protein and suggest that its ubiquitination-dependent degradation may play an important role in RhoA regulation at the time of mitosis. Our findings raise the possibility that the overexpression of Ect2 that has been reported in some human tumors might result not only from deregulated transcription, but also from impaired degradation. |
### Instruction:
Is elevation of tissue α-tocopherol levels by conjugated linoleic acid in C57BL/6J mice associated with changes in vitamin E absorption or α-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman production?
### Response:
| The increase in vitamin E status in CLA-fed mice is not due to altered absorption and metabolism of vitamin E but might be related to the induction of α-tocopherol transfer protein expression in the liver. The regulation of the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase by CLA is not mediated by vitamin E accumulation in the liver. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term leucine supplementation reduce fat mass gain without changing body protein status of aging rats?
### Response:
| The results indicate that leucine supplementation attenuates body fat gain during aging but does not affect risk indicators of acquired chronic diseases. Furthermore, supplemented animals did not show signs of a prevention of the decrease in lean mass associated with aging. |
### Instruction:
Is recurrence of angina pectoris after percutaneous coronary intervention reduced by statins in Japanese patients?
### Response:
| For Japanese CAD patients treated with PCI and stent implantation, statin therapy reduced the incidence of recurrent cardiovascular events, particularly rAP. Discretionary statin treatment to achieve LDL-C levels <100 mg/dl effectively reduced restenosis causing rAP. |
### Instruction:
Is life back to normal and yet not - partners ' and patient 's experiences of life of the first year after colorectal cancer surgery?
### Response:
| Findings showed that both the patients' and their partners' lives were influenced by uncertainty and the condition of the patient. Attitudes varied towards sharing the illness. It was found that information needs varied both within and between couples. A future challenge to healthcare personnel is the obligation to meet the needs of both patients and their partners on the illness trajectory and recovery after treatment for colorectal cancer. |
### Instruction:
Are low triglyceride levels associated with a better metabolic control in patients with type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| TG lower than 50 mg/dL was common and might be associated with a better metabolic control in patients with T1D, although it is not clear whether the former is the cause or consequence for the latter. |
### Instruction:
Is gestational diabetes mellitus rare in primigravida Pakistani women?
### Response:
| Larger trials are needed to truly assess the disease burden of gestational diabetes mellitus in Pakistani women. |
### Instruction:
Does tDP-43 knockdown impair neurite outgrowth dependent on its target histone deacetylase 6?
### Response:
| TDP-43 deficiency leads to impairment of neurite growth in an HDAC6-dependent manner, thereby contributing to neurodegenerative events in TDP-43 diseases. |
### Instruction:
Is transcriptional diversity at the UGT2B7 locus dictated by extensive pre-mRNA splicing mechanisms that give rise to multiple mRNA splice variants?
### Response:
| Our findings point toward a significant variability in structure, abundance, and tissue-specific UGT2B7 transcriptome, in addition to novel functions for UGT2B7-derived proteins, all of which may ensure the production of tissue-specific proteomes and functions. |
### Instruction:
Is robot-assisted thymectomy superior to transsternal thymectomy?
### Response:
| Robot-assisted thymectomy is superior to transsternal thymectomy, reducing intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, and hospital length of stay. Further investigation of the long-term oncologic results in thymoma patients and long-term remission rates in patients with myasthenia gravis who underwent robot-assisted thymectomy is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Does probe-based confocal laser microscopy identify criteria predictive of active celiac sprue?
### Response:
| Probe-based CLM criteria developed in this pilot trial appear promising for the detection of active celiac sprue. Preliminary interobserver variability was high, indicating a learning curve effect. Our criteria need validation in an independent patient population. |
### Instruction:
Does digital hypothermia inhibit early lamellar inflammatory signalling in the oligofructose laminitis model?
### Response:
| Digital hypothermia effectively blocked early lamellar inflammatory events likely to play an important role in lamellar injury including the expression of chemokines, proinflammatory cytokines, COX-2 and endothelial adhesion molecules. |
### Instruction:
Is auto bi-level pressure relief-PAP as effective as CPAP in OSA patients -- a pilot study?
### Response:
| ABPR-PAP is a promising new ventilation mode that enables effective treatment of OSA patients. |
### Instruction:
Are antibodies recognising sulfated carbohydrates prevalent in systemic sclerosis and associated with pulmonary vascular disease?
### Response:
| Serum from patients with SSc contains IgG antibodies targeting distinct sulfated carbohydrates. The presence of anti-4S-LacNAc antibodies is associated with a high prevalence of pulmonary hypertension. These results suggest that specific post-translational carbohydrate modifications may act as important immunogens in SSc and may contribute to disease pathogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Is subclinical gut inflammation in spondyloarthritis associated with a pro-angiogenic intestinal mucosal phenotype?
### Response:
| A pro-angiogenic intestinal phenotype is observed in spondyloarthritis patients with quiescent chronic gut inflammation. This favours an environment for enhanced trafficking of immune cells in this subpopulation. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β induce dermal fibrosis by activation of the canonical Wnt pathway?
### Response:
| Inhibition of GSK-3 activates the canonical Wnt pathway in fibroblasts, stimulates the release of collagen from fibroblasts, exacerbates experimental fibrosis and is sufficient to induce fibrosis. GSK-3 is therefore a key regulator of the canonical Wnt signalling in fibroblasts and inhibition of GSK-3 results in fibroblast activation and increased release of collagen. |
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