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### Instruction:
Is slow receptor dissociation a key factor in the duration of action of inhaled long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists?
### Response:
| Although the β(2) -adrenoceptor agonists displayed a range of kinetic rate parameters, simulations at relevant drug concentrations suggest that receptor kinetics do not play an important role in determining onset of action in the clinic. In addition, it is unlikely that receptor kinetics exert an important influence on the duration of action of these agonists, as indacaterol (once daily dosing) had a shorter residency time at the receptor than salmeterol (twice daily dosing). |
### Instruction:
Does a β-amyloid oligomer directly modulate P/Q-type calcium currents in Xenopus oocytes?
### Response:
| The α1A subunit of the P/Q-type calcium channel is directly modulated by oligomeric Aβ. Threshold reduction as well as an increase in current at synaptic terminals may facilitate vesicle release and could trigger excitotoxic events in the brains of patients with AD. |
### Instruction:
Is vascular calcification associated with cortical bone loss in chronic renal failure rats with and without ovariectomy : the calcification paradox?
### Response:
| Cortical rather than trabecular bone loss is associated with the process of calcification in rats with adenine- induced CRF. |
### Instruction:
Does a combined molecular-pathologic score improve risk stratification of thyroid papillary microcarcinoma?
### Response:
| BRAF status together with several histopathologic features allowed clinical risk stratification of TPMCs. The combined MP risk stratification model was a better predictor of extrathyroid tumor spread than either mutation or histopathologic findings alone. |
### Instruction:
Does underestimation of Gleason score at prostate biopsy reflect sampling error in lower volume tumours?
### Response:
| • Under-graded tumours are significantly smaller than tumours concordant for the higher grade, indicating that incomplete tumour sampling plays a significant role in Gleason score assignment error. • Surrogate measures of tumour volume may predict those at greatest risk of Gleason score upgrade. |
### Instruction:
Is metastasis of tumor cells enhanced by downregulation of Bit1?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that downregulation of Bit1 conferred cancer cells with enhanced anoikis resistance, adhesive and migratory properties in vitro and specifically potentiated tumor metastasis in vivo. These results underscore the therapeutic importance of restoring Bit1 expression in cancer cells to circumvent metastasis at least in part through inhibition of the Erk pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does eFS show biallelic methylation in uveal melanoma with poor prognosis as well as tissue-specific methylation?
### Response:
| Biallelic EFS methylation is likely to be the result of a site-directed methylation mechanism. Based on partial methylation as observed in cultured melanocytes we hypothesize that there might be methylated and unmethylated precursor cells located in the uveal tract. The EFS methylation of a UM may depend on which type of precursor cell the tumor originated from. |
### Instruction:
Are abnormalities in cardiac structure and function in adults with sickle cell disease associated with pulmonary hypertension?
### Response:
| Ambulatory adults with SCD exhibited structural (i.e., LV and RV chamber enlargement) and functional (i.e., higher surrogate measures of LV and RV filling pressure) abnormalities compared with the control group. In subjects with SCD, few abnormalities of LV and RV structure and function were associated with TRJ velocity. |
### Instruction:
Does telmisartan prevent VCAM-1 induction and monocytic cell adhesion to endothelium exposed to non-uniform shear stress and TNF-α?
### Response:
| Treatment with telmisartan decreases the TNF-α-induced recruitment of monocytic cells and endothelial expression of VCAM-1 in regions of non-uniform shear stress in vitro. This mechanism can contribute to the beneficial pleiotropic effects of telmisartan in atherosclerosis-prone arterial regions. |
### Instruction:
Is darbepoetin alfa ( KRN321 ) safe and effective when administered subcutaneously once every 2 or 4 weeks to patients on peritoneal dialysis in Japan?
### Response:
| The efficacy and safety of KRN321 when administered subcutaneously for 28 weeks to PD patients were confirmed. It was suggested that the quality of life of patients can be improved by treatment with KRN321 due to the reduced frequency of administration. |
### Instruction:
Does patterns and correlate of same-sex sexual activity among U.S. teenagers and young adults?
### Response:
| A significant proportion of "straight" youth engage in same-sex activity, and so information on risks associated with such behavior should be included in sex education programs and targeted to all youth. |
### Instruction:
Are chest wall sarcomas accurately diagnosed by image-guided core needle biopsy?
### Response:
| We demonstrated that image-guided core needle biopsy when performed and reviewed by experienced radiologists and musculoskeletal pathologists is a safe and accurate diagnostic technique for chest wall sarcomas. Core needle biopsy should be considered in the multidisciplinary approach to chest wall musculoskeletal tumors, especially when induction therapy is considered. |
### Instruction:
Do pharmacogenetic analyses of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity indicate a renoprotective effect of ERCC1 polymorphisms?
### Response:
| Genetic polymorphisms in ERCC1 may be valuable predictors of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. |
### Instruction:
Is paroxysmal atrial fibrillation more prevalent than persistent atrial fibrillation in acute stroke and transient ischemic attack patients?
### Response:
| pxAF occurs more often than pAF in stroke/TIA patients. As effective stroke prevention is available for AF, it is important to develop and evaluate sensitive methods for detecting pxAF. |
### Instruction:
Is c-Jun involved in interstitial cystitis antiproliferative factor ( APF ) -induced growth inhibition of human bladder cancer T24 cells?
### Response:
| These observations suggest that c-Jun is involved in APF-mediated inhibition for bladder tumor cell growth, as potential target of APF in patients with aggressive bladder carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Are rGMA and neogenin protein expression influenced by lens injury following optic nerve crush in the rat retina?
### Response:
| Although a difference in the localization of RGMA is not obvious, the difference in the amount of RGMA is striking, the higher amount of RGMA in the retinae of ONC + LI rats compared to ONC rats indicates a role for RGMA during degeneration/regeneration processes. Our results are consistent with several reported neuroprotective effects of RGMA. Our new data showing the upregulation of RGMA after ONC in our regenerating model (plus LI) confirm these findings conducted in different settings. |
### Instruction:
Is the microRNA-200 family upregulated in endometrial carcinoma?
### Response:
| This information contributes to the candidate miRNA expression profile that has been generated for EEC and shows that certain miRNAs are dysregulated in the precursor lesion, CAH. These miRNAs in particular may play important roles in tumorigenesis. Examination of miRNAs that are consistently dysregulated in various studies of EEC, like the miR-200 family, will aid in the understanding of the role that miRNAs play in tumorigenesis in this tumour type. |
### Instruction:
Does continuous local delivery of interferon-β stabilize tumor vasculature in an orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft resection model?
### Response:
| The use of AAV hIFN-β in our orthotopic model of glioblastoma resection stabilized tumor vasculature and improved survival in rats with MT330 xenografts. |
### Instruction:
Does high-fat diet alter prostanoid balance and perfusion in ischemic myocardium of naproxen-treated swine?
### Response:
| A high-fat diet impairs tissue perfusion in ischemic myocardium of naproxen-treated swine by shifting the prostanoid balance to favor production of thromboxane over prostacyclin. Dietary modification may improve myocardial blood flow and alter the safety profile in chronically ischemic cardiac patients taking naproxen. |
### Instruction:
Is irreversible electroporation a surgical ablation technique that enhances gene transfer?
### Response:
| IRE is a promising technique not only for operative tissue ablation but also for gene therapy. Because IRE ablation may leave behind intact tumor antigens, these findings encourage clinical studies of tumor ablation with delivery of immunostimulatory plasmids for combined local eradication and systemic immunotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Does chemokine receptor CXCR4 level in primary tumors independently predict outcome for patients with locally advanced breast cancer?
### Response:
| We confirmed that high CXCR4 levels in cancer specimens after neoadjuvant therapy independently predict a poor outcome for patients with LABC. |
### Instruction:
Is posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy a safe and effective alternative to transabdominal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma?
### Response:
| LA and PRA are both safe and effective approaches in patients with PHEO. In our experience, PRA results in decreased operative times, blood loss, and postoperative length of stay compared with LA. PRA has become our preferred approach for patients with PHEO. |
### Instruction:
Does an inserted α/β subdomain shape the catalytic pocket of Lactobacillus johnsonii cinnamoyl esterase?
### Response:
| The binding mechanism characterized (involving the inserted α/β subdomain) clearly differentiates LJ0536 from enzymes with similar activity of a fungal origin. The structural features herein described together with the activity profile of LJ0536 suggest that this enzyme should be clustered in a new group of bacterial cinnamoyl esterases. |
### Instruction:
Does serum level of fibrinogen Aα chain fragment increase in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension?
### Response:
| This fragment may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hyper-tension. |
### Instruction:
Is toll-like receptor 9 a novel biomarker for esophageal squamous cell dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma progression?
### Response:
| Expression of TLR9 in the basal parts of normal esophageal epithelium suggests a role related to cell proliferation and differentation. TLR9 upregulation detected in dysplastic epithelium and in disseminated carcinomas indicates that this protein may serve as a novel marker for esophageal squamous dysplasia and carcinoma with metastatic potential. |
### Instruction:
Is resection of liver metastases beneficial in patients with gastric cancer : report on 15 cases and review of literature?
### Response:
| Liver resection in patients with hepatic metastasized gastric cancer is beneficial and safe if an R0 situation can be achieved. RFA might be a useful alternative in those patients where surgery is not feasible. |
### Instruction:
Are human polyomaviruses 6 and 7 detectable in Merkel cell polyomavirus-negative Merkel cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| While MCPyV, HPyV6, and HPyV7 are part of normal skin flora and show a high degree of sequence similarity, there is no evidence of an association between HPyV6 and HPyV7 and MCC in this case series. This result argues against a role for HPyV6 and HPyV7 in the pathogenesis of MCPyV-negative MCC. |
### Instruction:
Does cinacalcet lower FGF-23 level together with bone metabolism in hemodialyzed patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism?
### Response:
| Cinacalcet treatment of sHPT results in reduction of FGF-23 levels, probably due to the suppression of osteoblasts function. |
### Instruction:
Is cryopreservation of blastocysts the most feasible strategy in good responder patients?
### Response:
| The feasible strategy in good responder patients appears to be the cryopreservation of blastocysts in the fresh cycle. Retardation in development results in a compromised outcome because of reduced inherent capacity of embryos. |
### Instruction:
Are triple ultrasound markers including fetal cardiac activity related to miscarriage risk?
### Response:
| On postconception days 33-36, gestational sac diameter ≥12 mm, yolk sac diameter 2-6 mm, and the presence of fetal cardiac activity were favorable markers. |
### Instruction:
Is chronic renal failure accompanied by endothelial activation and a large increase in microparticle numbers with reduced procoagulant capacity?
### Response:
| Renal failure is accompanied by endothelial activation of a different nature in CKD4 and PD patients compared to HD patients, and results in all subgroups in an increase of mainly platelet-derived MPs that appear to be less procoagulant than in other disease states, possibly because of the uraemic functional defect of their cellular source. |
### Instruction:
Does the region of largest β-zone parapapillary atrophy area predict the location of most rapid visual field progression?
### Response:
| In treated glaucoma patients with β-zone PPA and VF progression, the location of largest β-zone PPA typically correlates spatially with the region of the most rapid future VF progression. |
### Instruction:
Is tobit model for outcome variable limited by censoring in nursing research?
### Response:
| When the Tobit model is specified correctly, it allows nursing researchers to ameliorate biased coefficient estimates occurring when health status measures are subject to limited data by censoring. Despite the theoretical superiority of the Tobit model to classical statistical data analysis, nurse researchers are cautioned to be aware of the limitations and appropriate applications associated with the Tobit model. |
### Instruction:
Does oleanen induce apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by up-regulation of Bim?
### Response:
| Oleanen up-regulates the expression of Bim and other proapoptotic molecules to activate the endogenous apoptosis pathway, thus promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of human cervical cancer HeLa cells in vitro. |
### Instruction:
Is loss of BRCA1 protein expression as indicator of the BRCAness phenotype associated with favorable overall survival after complete resection of sporadic ovarian cancer?
### Response:
| Epithelial ovarian cancers with negative BRCA1 protein expression were identified in younger patients, showed a significantly better overall survival, prolonged treatment intervals and a tendency for an extended progression free time interval. BRCA1 IHC negativity of sporadic EOC may be predictive of sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy and the poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase inhibitor-sensitive BRCAness phenotype. |
### Instruction:
Is conservative therapy in microinvasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix justified : an analysis of 59 cases and a review of the literature?
### Response:
| Extensive treatment such as radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection or trachelectomy does not prevent recurrent disease. Patients with microinvasive AC should be treated identically to patients with SCC. In stage IA1 and IA2 AC, we recommend conservative therapy (by conization). In cases with LVSI, an additional lymphadenectomy is advised. For patients with stage IA2 AC with LVSI, a trachelectomy/radical hysterectomy with lymph node dissection should be considered. |
### Instruction:
Is low expression of Granzyme B in colorectal cancer associated with signs of early metastastic invasion?
### Response:
| Low expression of Granzyme B was associated with early signs of metastasis in CRC. The stronger prognostic significance of FoxP3+ T(regs) is in keeping with animal models that suggest these cells act as gatekeepers for the release of Granzyme B from CD8+ T cells. |
### Instruction:
Does phospholipase A2 group IIA expression correlate with prolonged survival in gastric cancer?
### Response:
| PLA2G2A may predict survival and might be a potential biomarker for early detection and individualized therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does the reconstruction of transcriptional networks reveal critical genes with implications for clinical outcome of multiple myeloma?
### Response:
| The reconstruction of gene regulatory networks in a large panel of MM tumors defined robust and reproducible signatures with prognostic importance, and may lead to identify novel molecular mechanisms central to MM biology. |
### Instruction:
Does toll-like receptor 9 agonist IMO cooperate with cetuximab in K-ras mutant colorectal and pancreatic cancers?
### Response:
| We showed that IMO markedly inhibits growth of K-Ras mutant colon and pancreatic cancers in vitro and in nude mice and cooperates with cetuximab via multiple mechanisms of action. Therefore, we propose IMO plus cetuximab as a therapeutic strategy for K-Ras wild-type as well for K-Ras mutant, cetuximab-resistant colorectal and pancreatic cancers. |
### Instruction:
Do variations in truncal body circumferences affect fat mass quantification with bioimpedance analysis?
### Response:
| Resistance changes associated with variations in trunk circumferences decrease resistance, and therefore impair the accuracy of BIA to assess %FM. |
### Instruction:
Are the procoagulant properties of purified fibrinogen concentrate enhanced by carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2?
### Response:
| CORM-2 modification of fibrinogen concentrate significantly enhanced the velocity of clot formation (30-50%) and strength (15-31%) in fibrinogen deficient plasma. Similarly, while diluted plasma-derived thrombi demonstrated a marked decrease in velocity of formation (54%) and strength (61%), fibrinogen concentrate significantly enhanced velocity (217%) and strength (171%); however, CORM-2 modified fibrinogen concentrate significantly increased velocity (303%) and strength (205%) to a greater extent. Additional in vitro investigation and in vivo preclinical assessments of the hemostatic efficacy of CORM-2 modified fibrinogen concentrate are warranted. |
### Instruction:
Is cOUP-TFII gene expression upregulated in embryonic pleuroperitoneal folds in the nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia rat model?
### Response:
| Upregulation of COUP-II gene expression in the PPF may contribute to the diaphragmatic defect in the nitrofen CDH model by inhibiting the RSP. |
### Instruction:
Do biological implants in sphincter augmentation offer a good short-term outcome after a sphincter repair?
### Response:
| Biologic tissue enhancers (Permacol) do not add morbidity. Sphincter augmentation results in significant improvement in continence and quality of life scores compared with the preoperative scores in the short term over traditional repair. Long-term studies are needed to determine if this effect is sustained. |
### Instruction:
Does rapid non-genomic signalling by 17β-oestradiol through c-Src involve mTOR-dependent expression of HIF-1α in breast cancer cells?
### Response:
| These results show oestradiol-induced expression of HIF-1α, downstream of the ERα/c-Src/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in human breast cancer cells. |
### Instruction:
Are gSTPi-positive tumour microenvironment-associated fibroblasts significantly associated with GSTPi-negative cancer cells in paired cases of primary invasive breast cancer and axillary lymph node metastases?
### Response:
| This is an original report of demonstration of a significance association between tumour microenvironment-associated GSTPi-positive CAF (vimentin/α-SMA-positive) and the GSTPi-negative cancer cells in paired cases of primary invasive breast cancer and the corresponding axillary lymph nodes metastases. |
### Instruction:
Do enterotoxin-producing staphylococci cause intestinal inflammation by a combination of direct epithelial cytopathy and superantigen-mediated T-cell activation?
### Response:
| Staphylococci induce enterocolitis by a combination of direct enterocyte cytopathy mediated by EDIN toxins, disrupting the epithelial barrier, and enterotoxin superantigen-induced mucosal T-cell activation. Gut epithelial production of β-defensins may contribute to host defense against invasive staphylococcal disease. |
### Instruction:
Does deep sequencing of short RNAs reveal novel microRNAs in minor salivary glands of patients with Sjögren 's syndrome?
### Response:
| Sequencing small RNAs in the salivary gland is largely unprecedented, but here, we show the feasibility of discovering novel miRNAs and disease biomarkers by sequencing the transcriptome. |
### Instruction:
Are poly-L/D-lactic acid anchors associated with reoperation and failure of SLAP repairs?
### Response:
| Bioabsorbable PLDLA anchor material led to significantly more SLAP repair failures and reoperations compared with nonabsorbable suture anchors. Our recommendation is that glenoid labrum repairs be performed with nondegradable material and, specifically, that the use of anchors composed of PLDLA material should be avoided. |
### Instruction:
Is regression of established hepatocellular carcinoma induced by chemoimmunotherapy in an orthotopic murine model?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that sunitinib inhibits HCC tumor growth directly through the STAT3 pathway and prevents tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell tolerance, thus defining a synergistic chemoimmunotherapeutic approach for HCC. |
### Instruction:
Is lactobacillus salivarius plus fructo-oligosaccharide superior to fructo-oligosaccharide alone for treating children with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis : a double-blind , randomized , clinical trial of efficacy and safety?
### Response:
| A synbiotic combination of L. salivarius plus fructo-oligosaccharide is superior to the prebiotic alone for treating moderate to severe childhood AD. However, continued follow-up will be necessary to ascertain long-term benefits. |
### Instruction:
Is kRAS-mediated up-regulation of RRM2 expression essential for the proliferation of colorectal cancer cell lines?
### Response:
| RRM2 represents a novel therapeutic target, thus highlighting the potential utility of RRM2 inhibitors in colorectal cancer with oncogenic KRAS. |
### Instruction:
Does clotting factor concentrate given to prevent bleeding and bleeding-related complications in people with hemophilia A or B?
### Response:
| There is strong evidence from randomised controlled trials and observational trials that prophylaxis preserves joint function in children with hemophilia as compared to on-demand treatment. There is insufficient evidence from randomised controlled trials to confirm the observational evidence that prophylaxis decreases bleeding and related complications in patients with existing joint damage. Well-designed randomised controlled trials and prospective observational controlled studies are needed to establish the best prophylactic regimen and to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic clotting factor concentrates in adult patients. |
### Instruction:
Do cD4+ cell counts and HIV-RNA levels do not predict outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized HIV-infected patients?
### Response:
| Our study shows that clinical outcomes of HIV-infected patients with CAP are not predicted by CD4+ cell counts or HIV-RNA levels after adjusting for confounders. The management of CAP in patients with HIV infection should not be based on CD4+ cell counts or HIV-RNA levels of the HIV infection. |
### Instruction:
Does monoenergetic imaging of dual-energy CT reduce artifacts from implanted metal orthopedic devices in patients with factures?
### Response:
| Monoenergetic imaging of dual-energy CT improves quality of CT images in patients with metal orthopedic devices after fracture. Reformatted images at 130 keV have the optimal quality for total, internal, and external metal orthopedic devices. |
### Instruction:
Does cK2 phosphorylation of Schistosoma mansoni HMGB1 protein regulate its cellular traffic and secretion but not its DNA transactions?
### Response:
| We showed that secretion of SmHMGB1 is regulated by phosphorylation. Moreover, our results suggest that egg-secreted SmHMGB1 may represent a new egg antigen. Therefore, the identification of drugs that specifically target phosphorylation of SmHMGB1 might block its secretion and interfere with the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. |
### Instruction:
Does knockdown of Mad2 induce osteosarcoma cell apoptosis-involved Rad21 cleavage?
### Response:
| These results confirmed that knockdown of Mad2 causes osteosarcoma cell death through apoptosis and provides evidence that the apoptotic signal resulted from Rad21 cleavage. This study suggested that Mad2 has potential to be a novel target for cancer therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is alpha-1 antitrypsin elevated in exhaled breath condensate and serum in exacerbated COPD patients?
### Response:
| AAT in EBC was detectable and quantifiable. AAT measured in EBC was significantly increased during exacerbations of COPD and can potentially be used as a biomarker in exacerbations. |
### Instruction:
Do the use of coupled HSQC spectra to aid in stereochemical assignments of molecules with severe proton spectral overlap?
### Response:
| The study has shown the effectiveness of the use of a high-resolution coupled HSQC spectrum in the assignment of molecules with severe spectral overlap. |
### Instruction:
Is evaluation of early dynamic changes of intracranial arterial occlusion useful for stroke etiology diagnosis?
### Response:
| In the absence of follow-up vascular imaging, a substantial proportion of patients with intracranial middle cerebral arterial occlusion may be misdiagnosed as ICLAA. Evaluation of early dynamic changes in intracranial middle cerebral arterial occlusion may provide useful information for the differential diagnosis of intrinsic atherosclerosis and embolic occlusion. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma aluminum a risk factor for oxidative stress and inflammation status in hemodialysis patients?
### Response:
| An increased plasma Al concentration is associated with disturbed concentrations of essential metals, increased oxidative stress, and increased inflammation status in hemodialysis patients. |
### Instruction:
Is mild thyroid hormone excess associated with a decreased physical function in elderly men?
### Response:
| Even a modest thyroid hormone excess is associated with a reduced physical function in elderly men. |
### Instruction:
Are the 2000 Bernstein-Parsonnet score and EuroSCORE similar in predicting mortality at the Heart Institute , USP?
### Response:
| Both models are similar and adequate in predicting surgical mortality at the InCor-USP. |
### Instruction:
Does potential prognostic marker ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1 predict patient survival in non-small cell lung carcinoma?
### Response:
| Although UCH-L1 appears to be involved in carcinogenic processes in NSCLC cell lines, the absence of correlation with patient survival indicates that caution is required in the use of UCH-L1 as a potential prognostic marker for advanced stage and metastasis in lung carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Do outcomes of fornix-based versus limbus-based conjunctival incisions for glaucoma drainage device implant?
### Response:
| Both incision techniques were equally effective in controlling IOP. Each surgical approach has its advantages and this study suggests that either technique may be used safely and effectively. |
### Instruction:
Does severity of asthma score predict clinical outcomes in patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma?
### Response:
| SOA score was a powerful predictor of adverse clinical outcomes in moderate to severe asthma, as evaluated by either logistic regression analysis or CART analysis. |
### Instruction:
Is severe COPD correlated with mild radiation pneumonitis following stereotactic body radiotherapy?
### Response:
| RP following SBRT in patients with severe COPD was relatively mild. Heavy smoking was the strongest negative predictor for severe RP and was correlated with severe COPD. Further follow-up and quantitative analysis of lung function might be needed to ascertain longer tolerability to SBRT. |
### Instruction:
Does exercise induce rapid interstitial lung water accumulation in patients with chronic mountain sickness?
### Response:
| To our knowledge, these findings provide the first direct evidence that exercise induces rapid interstitial lung fluid accumulation and hypoxemia in patients with CMS that appear to be related to exaggerated pulmonary hypertension. We suggest that this problem contributes to exercise intolerance in patients with CMS. |
### Instruction:
Is physical activity inversely associated with microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk : data from I-SEARCH?
### Response:
| In hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk, physical activity is an independent predictor for a decreased risk of microalbuminuria. |
### Instruction:
Are affective symptoms associated with markers of inflammation and immune activation in bipolar disorders but not in schizophrenia?
### Response:
| The current associations between inflammatory markers and affective symptomatology in BP and not SCZ suggest that immune related mechanisms are associated with core psychopathology of BP. |
### Instruction:
Do long-term survival and quality of life justify cardiac surgery in the very elderly patient?
### Response:
| Cardiac surgery in the very elderly patient can be performed with low operative mortality, excellent long-term survival, and postoperative quality of life exceeding that of the general elderly population. |
### Instruction:
Are expression and function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA and protein higher in internal mammary than in radial arteries?
### Response:
| Endothelial cells in the IMA express higher levels of eNOS mRNA and protein than those in the RA, which is linked with higher release of NO. These findings may be related to the superior long-term patency rate of the IMA vs the RA. This study also provides some basic genetic information for grafting arteries. |
### Instruction:
Is endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta superior to resuscitative thoracotomy with aortic clamping in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock?
### Response:
| Resuscitative aortic BO increases central perfusion pressures with less physiologic disturbance than thoracotomy with aortic clamping in a model of hemorrhagic shock. Endovascular BO of the aorta should be explored further as an option in the management of noncompressible torso hemorrhage. |
### Instruction:
Do histone deacetylase inhibitors enhance endothelial cell sprouting angiogenesis in vitro?
### Response:
| Exposure of HUVECs to VPA and SAHA increased the expression of β-catenin and enhanced spheroid sprout formation in vitro. Modulation of HDAC-dependent pathways may offer a novel approach to alter angiogenic processes and provide a useful therapeutic target. |
### Instruction:
Does down-regulated NOD2 by immunosuppressants in peripheral blood cells in patients with SLE reduce the muramyl dipeptide-induced IL-10 production?
### Response:
| Bacterial exposure may increase the NOD2 expression in monocytes in immunosuppressant naïve SLE patients which can subsequently lead to aberrant activation of PBMCs to produce proinflammatory cytokines, implicating the innate immune response for extracellular pathogens in the immunopathological mechanisms in SLE. Immunosuppressant therapy may downregulate NOD2 expression in CD8+ T lymphocytes, monocytes, and DCs in SLE patients which subsequently IL-10 reduction, contributing towards the regulation of immunopathological mechanisms of SLE, at the expense of increasing risk of bacterial infection. |
### Instruction:
Does hepatitis C virus infection suppress the interferon response in the liver of the human hepatocyte chimeric mouse?
### Response:
| These results provide molecular insights into possible mechanisms used by HCV to evade innate immune responses, as well as novel therapeutic targets and a potential new indication for interferon therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does viruslike particle vaccine induce protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that VLP vaccination provides effective protection against RSV infection. VLPs containing RSV-F and/or RSV-G are potential vaccine candidates against RSV. |
### Instruction:
Does bCG vaccination induce different cytokine profiles following infant BCG vaccination in the UK and Malawi?
### Response:
| Malawian infants make cytokine responses following BCG vaccination, but the cytokine profile is different from that in the UK. The different biosignatures following BCG vaccination in the 2 settings may indicate variability in the protective efficacy of infant BCG vaccination. |
### Instruction:
Does runx2 promote both osteoblastogenesis and novel osteoclastogenic signals in ST2 mesenchymal progenitor cells?
### Response:
| Direct control of osteoblast differentiation and concomitant indirect control of osteoclast differentiation, both through the activity of Runx2 in pre-osteoblasts, constitute a novel mechanism of coordination with a potential crucial role in coupling bone formation and resorption. |
### Instruction:
Do postoperative complications deteriorate long-term outcome in pancreatic cancer patients?
### Response:
| This large study demonstrates that severe postoperative complications have a strong impact on the long-term survival of patients with pancreatic head cancer comparable to tumor characteristics, such as lymph node status, grading, or R status. As a result, the improvement of surgical procedures in specialized centers might lead to a survival benefit in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Do relationship between platelet indices and spontaneous echo contrast in patients with mitral stenosis?
### Response:
| In patients with mitral stenosis, cheaply and easily measurable platelet indices including MPV and PCT levels are associated with the presence of SEC and are independent risk factors of SEC. |
### Instruction:
Does distemper virus encephalitis exert detrimental effects on hippocampal neurogenesis?
### Response:
| Our data demonstrate that virus encephalitis with and without seizures can exert detrimental effects on hippocampal neurogenesis, which might contribute to long-term consequences of the disease. The lack of a significant impact of distemper virus on Ki-67-labelled cells indicates that the infection affected neuronal differentiation and survival of newborn cells rather than hippocampal cell proliferation. |
### Instruction:
Does lack of Jun-N-terminal kinase 3 ( JNK3 ) protect against neurodegeneration induced by 3-nitropropionic acid?
### Response:
| Although JNK3 is a key protein involved in cell death in different neurodegenerative diseases, the present study demonstrates that the lack of JNK3 does not confer neuroprotection against 3-NP-induced neuronal death. |
### Instruction:
Does increased skin autofluorescence after colorectal operation reflect surgical stress and postoperative outcome?
### Response:
| This is the first study to demonstrate an association between skin AF and surgical stress and outcomes, which may rate the condition of a patient after operation. |
### Instruction:
Is cerebellar atrophy infrequently [ corrected ] associated with non-paraneoplastic sensory neuronopathy?
### Response:
| Cerebellar atrophy is infrequently associated with SN, but can be found in some patients with SN related to infectious or immune mediated conditions. It can be more prominent in the anterior lobe and may contribute to the ataxia seen in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Are antral follicle counts strongly associated with live-birth rates after assisted reproduction , with superior treatment outcome in women with polycystic ovaries?
### Response:
| Pregnancy and live-birth rates are log-linearly related to AFC. Polycystic ovaries, most often excluded from studies on ovarian reserve, fit as one extreme in the spectrum of AFC; a low count constitutes the other extreme, with the lowest ovarian reserve and poor treatment outcome. The findings remained statistically significant also after adjustment for the number of oocytes retrieved, suggesting this measure of ovarian reserve comprises information on oocyte quality and not only quantity. |
### Instruction:
Does decoy receptor 3 attenuate collagen-induced arthritis by modulating T cell activation and B cell expansion?
### Response:
| We postulated that the protective effects of DCR3 in CIA resulted from modulation of the immune system by maintaining the B/T cell balance and decreasing lymphocyte expansion. We suggest DCR3 as a prophylactic and potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of RA. |
### Instruction:
Does smartPill technology provide safe and effective assessment of gastrointestinal function in persons with spinal cord injury?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that the SmartPill technology is a safe, non-invasive assessment technique that provides valid diagnostic information in persons with SCI. |
### Instruction:
Is cholesterol efflux from macrophages influenced differentially by plasmas from overweight insulin-sensitive and -resistant subjects?
### Response:
| Plasmas from overweight subjects with insulin resistance induced greater in vitro cholesterol efflux compared with IS subjects. Efflux inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity suggesting an increase in reverse cholesterol transport in the IR state that may lead to greater transfer of cholesterol to apoB lipoproteins from high-density lipoproteins via CETP as a factor in the association between IR and atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Does arriving by emergency medical services improve time to treatment endpoints for patients with severe sepsis or septic shock?
### Response:
| Out-of-hospital care was associated with improved in-hospital processes for the care of critically ill patients. Despite shortened ED treatment times for septic patients who arrive by EMS, a mortality benefit could not be demonstrated. |
### Instruction:
Is prooxidant-anti-oxidant balance associated with extent of coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| In conclusion, we found higher levels of oxidative stress in CAD+ patients compared to healthy subjects. The oxidation level was not related to measures of the extent of CAD such as number of stenosed vessels. |
### Instruction:
Does renal vein lengthening using gonadal vein reduce surgical difficulty in living-donor kidney transplantation?
### Response:
| When donor renal veins are too short for effective kidney transplantation and may affect reliability of vascular anastomosis, they can be lengthened by using gonadal veins without increasing injury to the donor. Successful extension of donor kidney renal veins expands the indication for right donor kidneys. |
### Instruction:
Does ambrisentan improve exercise capacity and symptoms in patients with portopulmonary hypertension?
### Response:
| The present study demonstrates significant improvement of exercise capacity and clinical symptoms without relevant safety concerns during ambrisentan treatment in patients with PoPH. |
### Instruction:
Does mesothelin confer pancreatic cancer cell resistance to TNF-α-induced apoptosis through Akt/PI3K/NF-κB activation and IL-6/Mcl-1 overexpression?
### Response:
| Our study delineates a MSLN-Akt-NF-κB-IL-6-Mcl-1 survival axis that may be operative in PC cells, and might help cancer cells' survival in the highly inflammatory milieu evident in PC. Further, for the success of TNFerade + gemcitabine to be successful, we feel the simultaneous inhibition of components of this axis is also essential. |
### Instruction:
Is cA-125 level associated with right ventricular echocardiographic parameters in patients with COPD?
### Response:
| Our results show an independent correlation between CA-125 levels and systolic pulmonary artery pressure in COPD patients. The clinical utility of these results at this point in time is unknown and deserves future research. |
### Instruction:
Does immunization with aspartate-β-hydroxylase-loaded dendritic cells produce antitumor effects in a rat model of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that immunization with ASPH-loaded DCs may constitute a novel therapeutic approach for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, because this protein also appears to be highly conserved and expressed on human hepatobiliary tumors. |
### Instruction:
Do hepatocytes produce tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis?
### Response:
| The results obtained in the present study show that P. gingivalis extract induces TNF-α and IL-6 in an in vitro liver model and that macrophage-derived TNF-α mediates the induction of TNF-α in hepatocytes. |
### Instruction:
Does actin cytoskeleton modulate ADMA-induced NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells?
### Response:
| Actin cytoskeleton may be engaged in modulated ADMA-induced NF-κB activation and thereby ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. |
### Instruction:
Does an increased risk of urinary tract infection precede development of primary biliary cirrhosis?
### Response:
| We found that the association between urosepsis and PBC is specific to this disease and precedes the diagnosis of PBC in a manner not previously observed in human data. This is consistent with a causal relationship. |
### Instruction:
Does walnut oil increase cholesterol efflux through inhibition of stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells?
### Response:
| In conclusion, walnut oil contains bioactive molecules that significantly improve cholesterol efflux in MDFC. However, the beneficial effects of walnut intake may be reduced by the presence of a pro-inflammatory state. |
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