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### Instruction:
Does chronic exercise preserve renal structure and hemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats?
### Response:
| Chronic ExT preserves renal hemodynamics and structure in SHR; these effects are partially mediated by improved redox status and decreased inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Does symptoms of sleep apnoea in chronic heart failure -- result from a prospective cohort study in 1,500 patients?
### Response:
| Although in chronic heart failure patients with either OSA or CSA specific symptoms are apparent, combining clinical data, demographic data, and capillary blood gas analysis results appears favourable to determine the presence of SDB. |
### Instruction:
Does spiritual wellbeing mediate PTSD change in veterans with military-related PTSD?
### Response:
| Findings suggest that one contributing mechanism that partially explains how the mantram intervention reduces PTSD symptom severity in veterans may be by increasing levels of ESWB. |
### Instruction:
Is differential subcellular localization of the splice variants of the zinc transporter ZnT5 dictated by the different C-terminal regions?
### Response:
| We thus propose that exons 15 to 17 include a signal that results in trafficking of ZnT5 to the Golgi apparatus and that the 3' end of exon 14 includes a signal that leads to retention in the ER. |
### Instruction:
Are overexpression of the HIF hydroxylases PHD1 , PHD2 , PHD3 and FIH individually and collectively unfavorable prognosticators for NSCLC survival?
### Response:
| HIF hydroxylases are, in general, poor prognosticators for NSCLC survival. PHD1 and PHD2 are independent negative prognostic factors in NSCLC. Moreover, there is an additive poor prognostic impact by an increasing number of highly expressed HIF hydroxylases. |
### Instruction:
Does aconitase regulation of erythropoiesis correlate with a novel licensing function in erythropoietin-induced ERK signaling?
### Response:
| Direct aconitase inhibition interferes with erythropoiesis in vivo and in vitro, confirming a lineage-selective regulatory role involving its enzymatic activity. This inhibition spares metabolic function but impedes EPO-induced ERK signaling and disturbs a newly identified ERK-aconitase physical interaction. We propose a model in which aconitase functions as a licensing factor in ERK-dependent proliferation and differentiation, thereby providing a regulatory input for iron in EPO-dependent erythropoiesis. Directly targeting aconitase may provide an alternative to phlebotomy in the treatment of polycythemia vera. |
### Instruction:
Do autoantibodies in Sjögren 's syndrome patients acutely inhibit muscarinic receptor function?
### Response:
| SS IgG acutely and reversibly inhibited muscarinic receptor function, thereby inhibiting the Ca(2+) mobilization necessary for the activation of K(+) currents and α-fodrin reorganization in HSG cells. |
### Instruction:
Is inflammatory bowel disease associated with poor outcomes of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis?
### Response:
| In a population-based epidemiology study of PSC in Canterbury, New Zealand, we observed large differences between PSC patients with or without concurrent IBD in age at diagnosis, development of cancer, mortality, and requirement for liver transplantation. IBD therefore affects outcomes of patients with PSC, an important observation that requires further study. |
### Instruction:
Is spasticity of the gastrosoleus muscle related to the development of reduced passive dorsiflexion of the ankle in children with cerebral palsy : a registry analysis of 2,796 examinations in 355 children?
### Response:
| Spasticity is related to the development of muscle contracture. In the treatment of children with CP, the spasticity, contracture, and strength of the gastrosoleus muscle must be considered together. |
### Instruction:
Do [ A case of button battery-induced corneal and conjunctive burn injury and experimental findings of local damage ]?
### Response:
| The cornea and conjunctiva of the patient were damaged by continuous exposure to alkaline solution (concentrated NaOH) after the button battery had entered the lacrimal sac causing fixation by chemosis. The recent development of smaller batteries increases the risk of similar accidents. Button battery-induced burn injuries may be severe and require immediate correct diagnosis and treatment, especially in small children who may be difficult to examine. |
### Instruction:
Are basal STAT3 activities negatively correlated with tumor size in papillary thyroid carcinomas?
### Response:
| STAT3 activities of PTC measured via DNA binding are suppressed in contrast to other human cancers. Tumor size larger than 2 cm is the only clinicopathologic parameter associated with low STAT3 activity. Moreover, tumor size appears inversely correlated with STAT3 activity, specifically in T1799A BRAF mutation-positive cases. |
### Instruction:
Does centrifugation after irradiation of red blood cells accelerate haemolysis?
### Response:
| There is no difference in the haemolysis caused by centrifugation between irradiated and non-irradiated RBCs. However, it is well known that washing RBCs after irradiation significantly lowers the potassium content. Summarising these two findings leads to the conclusion that it is optimal first to irradiate and then to wash RBCs. |
### Instruction:
Does the antimicrobial peptide arenicin-1 promote generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of apoptosis?
### Response:
| Cells exposed to arenicin-1 showed an increase in the production of ROS and cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals, which are the major factors of apoptosis. The increase in ROS was due to mitochondrial dysfunction caused by arenicin-1. We confirmed that arenicin-1 induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and also triggered release of activated metacaspases. Further, it initiated an apoptotic mechanism acting on the plasma membrane, including plasma membrane depolarization and exposure of phosphatidylserine on the outer surface. Cells finally died, showing morphological changes in the nucleus and DNA structure. Based on these apoptotic phenomena induced by arenicin-1, we concluded that arenicin-1 exerts antifungal activity by inducing apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Intrauterine stress impair spatial learning in the progeny of Wistar rats ]?
### Response:
| Intrauterine stress impairs hippocampal function during postnatal development. The knowledge of deleterious effects of intrauterine stress may be helpful in establishing primary prevention strategies of pregnant women exposed to this risk factor. |
### Instruction:
Is membrane level of omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid associated with severity of obstructive sleep apnea?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that disordered membrane fatty acid patterns may play a causal role in OSA and that the assessment of RBC DHA levels might help in the diagnosis of OSA. The effects of DHA supplementation on OSA should be explored. |
### Instruction:
Is an intronic SNP in the thyroid hormone receptor β gene associated with pituitary cell-specific over-expression of a mutant thyroid hormone receptor β2 ( R338W ) in the index case of pituitary-selective resistance to thyroid hormone?
### Response:
| The combined coding mutation and non-coding SNP therefore generate a tissue-specific dominant-negative condition recapitulating the patient's peculiar phenotype. This case illustrates the role of regulatory regions in modifying the clinical presentation of genetic diseases. |
### Instruction:
Does cyclophilin A enhance cell proliferation and tumor growth of liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma?
### Response:
| CypA is upregulated in majority of CCA patients' tissues and confers a significant growth advantage in CCA cells. Suppression of CypA expression decreases proliferation of CCA cell lines in vitro and reduces tumor growth in the nude mouse model. Inhibition of CypA activity also reduces CCA cell proliferation. The ERK1/2 pathway may be involved in the CypA-mediated CCA cell proliferation. Thus, CypA may represent an important new therapeutic target for liver fluke-associated CCA. |
### Instruction:
Do socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity independently predict health decline among older diabetics?
### Response:
| The author found that race/ethnicity and some socioeconomic indicators were independent predictors of health decline among older adults with diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Does mechanical-tactile stimulation ( MTS ) intervention in a neonatal stress model improve long-term outcomes on bone?
### Response:
| MTS in early postnatal life improves long-term bone mineralization. IGF1 and related pathways may explain improved BMC. |
### Instruction:
Do women with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction have diminished ankle and hip muscle performance?
### Response:
| Women with PTTD demonstrated decreased ankle and hip muscle performance bilaterally. |
### Instruction:
Does [ nm23-H1-siRNA enhance the chemosensitivity to liposome-encapsulated paclitaxel in lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro ]?
### Response:
| Nm23-H1 is related with the chemoresistance to liposome-encapsulated paclitaxel in lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 cells. Inhibition of the expression of nm23-H1 by nm23-H1-siRNA can improve the in vitro chemosensitivity of A549 cells to liposome-encapsulated paclitaxel. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Short-term intermittent prophylactic administration of recombinant human thrombopoietin attenuate chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in lung cancer patients ]?
### Response:
| Prophylactic use of rhTPO can attenuate the severity and shorten the duration of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in lung cancer patients. |
### Instruction:
Does maternal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced white matter injury in the neonatal rat brain?
### Response:
| Considering that no specific treatment is available for PVL, maternal ω3 FA supplementation may provide a nutritional strategy to limit periventricular white matter damage caused by infections during pregnancy. |
### Instruction:
Does cell surface proteomics identify glucose transporter type 1 and prion protein as candidate biomarkers for colorectal adenoma-to-carcinoma progression?
### Response:
| This study revealed glucose transporter type 1, prion protein and 42 other cell surface candidate biomarkers for adenoma-to-carcinoma progression that could potentially serve as targets for emerging molecular imaging modalities like optical imaging, ¹⁹F-MRI and positron emission tomography. |
### Instruction:
Does β1 integrin mediate an alternative survival pathway in breast cancer cells resistant to lapatinib?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that HER2 activity, which is suppressed in resistance involving L but not T alone, dictates whether β1 mediates an alternative pathway driving resistance. Our findings justify clinical studies investigating the inhibition of β1 or its downstream signaling moieties as strategies to overcome acquired L and LT resistance. |
### Instruction:
Does telomere dysfunction cause sustained inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
### Response:
| Telomere dysfunction and premature P-EC senescence are major processes perpetuating lung inflammation in COPD. |
### Instruction:
Does mononuclear cell therapy attenuate atherosclerosis in apoE KO mice?
### Response:
| MNC therapy attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in the aortas of apoE KO mice. Our data provide evidence that the mechanism by which this attenuation occurs includes the homing of EPCs, a decrease in oxidative stress and an upregulation of eNOS expression. |
### Instruction:
Are early clinical remission and normalisation of CRP the strongest predictors of efficacy , mucosal healing and dose escalation during the first year of adalimumab therapy in Crohn 's disease?
### Response:
| Clinical efficacy and normalised CRP at week 12 (early deep clinical remission) are associated with medium-term clinical efficacy and mucosal healing during adalimumab therapy, whereas need for combined immunosuppression at induction and smoking status are predictors for non-response. Parallel azathioprine therapy may decrease the probability for dose escalation. |
### Instruction:
Do th2 and regulatory immune reactions contribute to IgG4 production and the initiation of Mikulicz disease?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the pathogenesis of Mikulicz disease is different from that of SS. Mikulicz disease is a unique inflammatory disorder characterized by Th2 and regulatory immune reactions that might play key roles in IgG4 production. |
### Instruction:
Is integrin β1 necessary for the maintenance of corneal structural integrity?
### Response:
| Loss of integrin β1 expression in keratocytes during the phase of stromal maturation results in corneal thinning and edema. Keratocyte-ECM interaction is essential for matrix maturation and thus in the maintenance of corneal structural integrity. This model has relevance in understanding corneal diseases such as keratoconus. |
### Instruction:
Do decreasing levels of HBsAg predict HBsAg seroclearance in patients with inactive chronic hepatitis B virus infection?
### Response:
| The decrease in the level of HBsAg accelerates during the 3 years before HBsAg seroclearance. Levels of HBsAg of 200 IU/mL or less have high NPVs for HBsAg seroclearance; PPVs increase to 97% to 100% when combined with a 1 log IU/mL or more decrease in level of HBsAg over a 2-year period. |
### Instruction:
Does sensitization to Bjerkandera adusta enhance severity of cough symptom in patients with fungus-associated chronic cough ( FACC )?
### Response:
| This study demonstrated that B. adusta, a basidiomycetous is an environmental fungus attracting attention because of its possible role in enhancing the cough severity of FACC patients via the sensitization to this fungus. |
### Instruction:
Is cYP2B6 genotype a strong predictor of systemic exposure to efavirenz in HIV-infected Zimbabweans?
### Response:
| Although based on only a limited number of subjects, our results suggest that the CYP2B6*6 and CYP2B6*18 alleles should affect hepatic metabolic activity and elevate the systemic circulation level of efavirenz, which may lead to toxicity in Zimbabwean HIV patients. |
### Instruction:
Is the C242T polymorphism of the p22-phox gene ( CYBA ) associated with higher left ventricular mass in Brazilian hypertensive patients?
### Response:
| The T allele of the p22-phox C242T polymorphism is associated with higher left ventricular mass/height 2.7 and increased NADPH-oxidase activity in Brazilian hypertensive patients. These data suggest that genetic variation within NADPH-oxidase components may modulate left ventricular remodeling in subjects with systemic hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Does nF-kappaB activation within macrophages lead to an anti-tumor phenotype in a mammary tumor lung metastasis model?
### Response:
| Our results have identified a brief, defined window in which activation of NF-κB has significant anti-metastatic effects and inhibition of NF-κB results in a worse outcome. |
### Instruction:
Is metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary characterized by advanced patient age , small tumor size , and elevated serum CA125?
### Response:
| A more reliable method to discriminate primary from metastatic MACs of the ovary by patient age and serum tumor markers was derived from our study population. |
### Instruction:
Does exercise training improve the defective centrally mediated erectile responses in rats with type I diabetes?
### Response:
| These results suggest that ExT may have beneficial effects on the erectile dysfunction in diabetes through improvement of NO bioavailability within the PVN. Thus, ExT may be used as therapeutic modality to up-regulate nNOS within the PVN and improve the central component of the erectile dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. |
### Instruction:
Are genetic polymorphisms in CYP3A4 associated with withdrawal symptoms and adverse reactions in methadone maintenance patients?
### Response:
| These results suggested that genetic variants in the CYP3A4 gene may be useful indicators for the severity of side effects and withdrawal symptoms for methadone treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is infection with multiple viruses associated with increased disease severity in children with bronchiolitis?
### Response:
| Disease severity in children with bronchiolitis is not associated with infection by multiple viruses. We conclude that other factors, such as age, contribute to disease severity to a larger extent. |
### Instruction:
Do ethnicity and insurance status affect health disparities in patients with gallstone disease?
### Response:
| In our population, ethnicity and insurance status do play a role in the presentation and care of patients with gallstone disease. Latino and uninsured patients present with a higher complexity of disease and require interventions more frequently. |
### Instruction:
Is pre-hospital hypothermia associated with increased survival after traumatic brain injury?
### Response:
| Although in-vivo and in-vitro studies demonstrate induced hypothermia may be protective in TBI, our study demonstrates that admission hypothermia was associated with increased mortality in isolated, blunt, moderate to severe TBI. Further prospective research is needed to elucidate the role of thermoregulation in patients sustaining TBI. |
### Instruction:
Does viremia copy-years predict mortality among treatment-naive HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy?
### Response:
| Viremia copy-years predicted all-cause mortality independent of traditional, cross-sectional VL measures and time-updated CD4+ T-lymphocyte count in ART-treated patients, suggesting cumulative HIV replication causes harm independent of its effect on the degree of immunodeficiency. |
### Instruction:
Does hIF-1α induction suppress excessive lipid accumulation in alcoholic fatty liver in mice?
### Response:
| The current results provide direct evidence for protective roles of HIF-1 induction in the development of ethanol-induced fatty liver via activation of the HIF-1-regulated transcriptional repressor DEC1. |
### Instruction:
Is chronic pretreatment of metformin associated with the reduction of the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with diabetes mellitus after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| These results suggested that chronic pretreatment with metformin may be associated with the reduction of the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with diabetes mellitus after primary angioplasty for AMI. |
### Instruction:
Does electrical stimulation improve gait in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy?
### Response:
| ES to the hip adductor and abductor muscles simultaneously at the sensor and motor levels, respectively, improved gait in spastic diplegic CP children. |
### Instruction:
Are sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 functionally upregulated on astrocytes under pro-inflammatory conditions?
### Response:
| In summary, our data demonstrate that the SphK1/S1P(3) signaling axis is upregulated when astrocytes are activated by LPS. This signaling pathway appears to play a role in the establishment and maintenance of astrocyte activation. Upregulation of the pathway in MS may be detrimental, e.g. through enhancing astrogliosis, or beneficial through increased remyelination via CXCL1. |
### Instruction:
Does early second-trimester serum miRNA profiling predict gestational diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| Serum miRNAs are differentially expressed between GDM women and controls and could be candidate biomarkers for predicting GDM. The utility of miR-29a, miR-222 and miR-132 as serum-based non-invasive biomarkers warrants further evaluation and optimization. |
### Instruction:
Is preoperative lateral subluxation of the patella a predictor of poor early outcome of Oxford phase-III medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty?
### Response:
| We conclude that the good early outcome after UKA in this study is in line with the best reported results. Patellofemoral degeneration should not be considered a contraindication to Oxford UKA. Patients with lateral subluxation of the patella have an increased risk of a poor result after UKA and should preferably be offered a total knee replacement. |
### Instruction:
Does laparoendoscopic single-site renal cyst marsupialization using a homemade single-port device have a role as a feasible treatment option?
### Response:
| In patients with a simple renal cyst, LESS renal cyst marsupialization using a HSPD might be considered as a feasible, safe surgical treatment option. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Pulmonary fibrosis induce erectile dysfunction in rats ]?
### Response:
| Pulmonary fibrosis may induce erectile dysfunction by suppressing the expression of the eNOS protein and reducing NOS activity and cGMP content in the corpus cavernosum penis of rats. |
### Instruction:
Do a systematic review of ketamine as an analgesic agent in adult burn injuries?
### Response:
| Further well-designed randomized controlled trials conducted in burn-specific populations are warranted, thus enabling the development of a relevant evidence base to support its clinical use. |
### Instruction:
Is increased tissue factor pathway inhibitor activity associated with myocardial infarction in young women : results from the RATIO study?
### Response:
| Women with MI had increased TFPI levels compared with controls. Consequently, the TFPI/protein S activity and APC sensitivity are increased in women with MI. Whether this increase in TFPI activity acts as a compensating mechanism for an increased procoagulant state or is a marker of endothelial damage remains to be investigated. |
### Instruction:
Are funding source and author affiliation in TASER research strongly associated with a conclusion of device safety?
### Response:
| Studies funded by TASER and/or written by an author affiliated with the company are substantially more likely to conclude that TASERs are safe. Research supported by TASER International may thus be significantly biased in favor of TASER safety. |
### Instruction:
Is vitamin D status related to development of atrial fibrillation in the community?
### Response:
| In our community-based sample, vitamin D status was not related to incident AF. Our data suggest that vitamin D deficiency does not promote the development of AF in the ambulatory setting. |
### Instruction:
Is combination therapy with an aminoglycoside for Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and/or persistent bacteremia associated with a decreased rate of recurrent bacteremia : a cohort study?
### Response:
| The use of combination therapy with an aminoglycoside in persistent S. aureus bacteremia and/or endocarditis may be associated with a lower rate of recurrent bacteremia without significant differences in the incident renal failure. |
### Instruction:
Does sequential therapy achieve a higher eradication rate than standard triple therapy in Taiwan?
### Response:
| Sequential therapy achieves a higher eradication rate than standard triple therapy in Taiwan. The novel treatment can be used as a first-line therapy for H. pylori infection for Taiwanese. |
### Instruction:
Do cytochrome P450-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids accelerate wound epithelialization and neovascularization in the hairless mouse ear wound model?
### Response:
| These findings demonstrated that exogenous CYP-derived EETs and globally decreased EET hydrolysis by sEH inhibition significantly accelerated wound epithelialization and neovascularization in unimpaired healing wounds. Given that hypoxia induces CYP expression and subsequently EET-dependent angiogenesis, EETs and sEHIs provide a promising new class of therapeutics for ischemic non-healing wounds. |
### Instruction:
Does overexpression of vasostatin-1 protect hypoxia/reoxygenation injuries in cardiomyocytes independent of endothelial cells?
### Response:
| Overexpression of VS-1 in cardiomyocytes could limit the H/R injuries at molecular levels. The protective effects were independent of endothelial cell function, suggestive of a potential therapeutic target for patients with myocardial ischemia in the future. |
### Instruction:
Does imatinib mesylate ( Gleevec ) as protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor elicit smooth muscle relaxation in isolated human prostatic tissue?
### Response:
| Imatinib induced prostatic smooth muscle relaxation in vitro. This effect was suppressed by l-NAME and ODQ, showing a dependence on the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway and modulated by the K(ATP) and BK(Ca2+) K+ channels. Our findings suggest that imatinib can augment relaxation of human prostatic tissues by way of a novel ligand-protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does right ventricular strain rate predict clinical outcomes in patients with acute pulmonary embolism?
### Response:
| Speckle tracking may be a sensitive tool for assessing RV dysfunction and predicting mortality in patients with PE in this pilot study. |
### Instruction:
Does posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner deficiency result in a reverse pivot shift?
### Response:
| Combined sectioning of the PCL and posterolateral corner was required to cause an increase in the magnitude of the mechanized reverse pivot shift. The reverse pivot shift correlated with both static measures of stability. |
### Instruction:
Is excess mortality from seasonal influenza negligible below the age of 50 in Israel : implications for vaccine policy?
### Response:
| Annual mortality associated with seasonal influenza is highly variable. Under the age of 50 years, there is minimal seasonal influenza associated mortality. This information provides an important baseline for evaluating the severity of the A(H1N1) 2009 influenza pandemic, where persons under 50 years of age were often disproportionately represented. |
### Instruction:
Does video electroencephalography monitoring differentiate between epileptic and non-epileptic seizures?
### Response:
| Several patients without epilepsy are treated as if they had epilepsy. VEM is a costly method, but with a large diagnostic yield and should therefore be used when there is doubt about the diagnosis in patients with relatively frequent seizures. The use of VEM is expedient to make the correct diagnosis, optimize medical treatment of patients with epilepsy and to avoid unnecessary treatment in patients without epilepsy. |
### Instruction:
Does use of preoperative bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery in Denmark remain high?
### Response:
| MBP before elective open colonic resections remains widely used despite the national DCCG guideline. MBP before laparoscopic colorectal resections was more frequently used than before open colorectal resections as MBP before rectal resections was more frequently used than before colonic resections. The need for preoperative bowel preparation in these procedures has yet to be determined. |
### Instruction:
Does occult tumor burden contribute to racial disparities in stage-specific colorectal cancer outcomes?
### Response:
| Racial disparities in stage-specific outcomes in colorectal cancer are associated with differences in occult tumor burden in regional lymph nodes. |
### Instruction:
Does the in vivo mechanism of action of CD20 monoclonal antibodies depend on local tumor burden?
### Response:
| Tumor burden affects the in vivo mechanism of action of CD20 antibodies. Low tumor load can be eliminated by complement alone, whereas elimination of high tumor load requires multiple effector mechanisms. |
### Instruction:
Are mutations of PHF6 associated with mutations of NOTCH1 , JAK1 and rearrangement of SET-NUP214 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
### Response:
| Overall, these results indicate that, in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, PHF6 mutations are a recurrent genetic abnormality associated with mutations of NOTCH1, JAK1 and rearrangement of SET-NUP214. |
### Instruction:
Does c-Myc dependent expression of pro-apoptotic Bim render HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells dependent on anti-apoptotic Mcl-1?
### Response:
| This work establishes that, in HER2-overexpressing tumors, it is necessary, and maybe sufficient, to therapeutically impact on the Mcl-1/Bim balance for efficient induction of cancer cell death. |
### Instruction:
Is impairment of pulmonary function an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation : the Takahata study?
### Response:
| Impaired pulmonary function is an independent risk factor for AF in the Japanese general population. |
### Instruction:
Is air trapping on chest CT associated with worse ventilation distribution in infants with cystic fibrosis diagnosed following newborn screening?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that in early CF lung disease there are weak associations between ventilation distribution and lung damage from chest CT. These finding are in contrast to those reported in older children. These findings suggest that assessments of LCI could not be used to replace a chest CT scan for the assessment of structural lung disease in the first two years of life. Further research in which both MBW and chest CT outcomes are obtained is required to assess the role of ventilation distribution in tracking the progression of lung damage in infants with CF. |
### Instruction:
Does tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 mediate the death of immature oligodendrocytes via TNF-α/TACE in focal cerebral ischemia in mice?
### Response:
| Our results suggested that focal ischemia leads to proliferation of immature OLs in white matter and that TIMP-3 contributes to a caspase-3-dependent immature OL death via TNF-α-mediated neuroinflammation. Future studies will be needed to delineate the role of MMP-3 and MMP-9 that were increased in the Timp-3 wild type. |
### Instruction:
Is sentinel lymph node biopsy unsuitable for routine practice in younger female patients with unilateral low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma?
### Response:
| Compared to a single technique, there was a significantly higher SLN identification rate for the combined technique in younger female with ipsilateral, low-risk PTC (T1-2N0M0). Thus, a combined SLN biopsy technique seems to more accurately stage lymph nodes, with better identification of SLN located out of the central compartment. Regardless of the procedure used, the high FNR renders the current SLN techniques unsuitable for routine practice. Based on these results, prophylactic node dissection of level VI might be considered because 38.1% of our patients had such node metastases. |
### Instruction:
Is tetrahydrocurcumin more effective than curcumin in preventing azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis?
### Response:
| Taken together, these results demonstrated for the first time the in vivo chemopreventive efficacy and molecular mechanisms of dietary THC against AOM-induced colonic tumorigenesis. |
### Instruction:
Do polyunsaturated fatty acids induce modification in the lipid composition and the prostaglandin production of the conjunctival epithelium cells?
### Response:
| These results suggest that modulation of fatty acid composition and PG production by PUFA supplementation is possible in the conjunctival epithelium, which is an important site of inflammation in dry eye syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Does optical low-coherence reflectometry enable preoperative detection of zonular weakness in pseudoexfoliation syndrome?
### Response:
| The optical low-coherence reflectometry enabled preoperative detection of zonular weakness and subsequent lens instability documented as a significantly shallower anterior chamber, thicker lens, and smaller pupillary diameter in the pseudoexfoliation syndrome group in the studied population. |
### Instruction:
Does repeated exposures to moderately increased intravascular pressure increase stiffness in human arteries and arterioles?
### Response:
| Thus, the in-vivo wall stiffness in arteries and arterioles increases markedly in response to intermittent, moderate increments of transmural pressure during 5 weeks. The findings are compatible with the notion that local load serves as 'a prime mover' in the development of vascular changes in hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Does doxycycline block gastric ulcer by regulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity and oxidative stress?
### Response:
| This is the first demonstration of dual action of doxycycline, that is, regulation of MMP activity and reduction of oxidative stress in arresting gastric injury. |
### Instruction:
Does helicobacter pylori arginase mutant colonize arginase II knockout mice?
### Response:
| The in vivo source for the essential urea utilized by H. pylori urease is neither bacterial arginase nor host arginase II; instead, either residual host arginase I or agmatinase is probably responsible. |
### Instruction:
Is pITX2 involved in stress response in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells through regulation of SLC13A3?
### Response:
| The results indicate that SLC13A3 is a direct downstream target of PITX2 transcriptional regulation and that levels of PITX2 and SLC13A3 modulate responses to oxidative stress in ocular cells. |
### Instruction:
Does functional electrical stimulation improve brain perfusion in cranial trauma patients?
### Response:
| FES therapy can result in brain perfusion improvement in patients with brain lesions due to cranial trauma but probably not in patients with major vascular insults with large infarct area. |
### Instruction:
Does miR-149 promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells?
### Response:
| miR-149 might be involved in the invasion and metastasis of NPC through regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). |
### Instruction:
Is `` The family the clinic , the community is the hospital '' : community mental health in Timor-Leste?
### Response:
| Timor-Leste's mental health service began just over a decade ago. Unlike many other low and middle income countries where hospital-based services predominate, the mental health model in Timor-Leste is entirely community based. However, challenges to effective mental health care delivery are similar to most developing countries and include a lack of sufficient financial resources, human resources, and mental health infrastructure. Addressing these issues successfully requires political will, a greater prioritization of mental health services, close coordination between stakeholders, as well as developments in the area of education, training and infrastructure. Greater understanding and education about the links between mental and physical health would benefit the overall health of the population, and integration of these respective policies may prove a successful method of more equitably redistributing finances and resources. |
### Instruction:
Is maternal preeclampsia associated with an increased risk of retinopathy of prematurity?
### Response:
| Maternal preeclampsia was found to be associated with increased ROP development risk in premature infants. ROP was also more severe in infants born to pre-eclamptic mothers. The role of maternal preeclampsia in the occurrence and severity of ROP remains to be elucidated. |
### Instruction:
Do myeloid-derived suppressor cells contribute to oral cancer progression in 4NQO-treated mice?
### Response:
| Myeloid-derived suppressor cells contribute to oral tumor progression and represent a potential target for immunotherapy of oral cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is prohibitin overexpressed in Huh-7-HCV and Huh-7.5-HCV cells harboring in vitro transcribed full-length hepatitis C virus RNA?
### Response:
| The expression of prohibitin was relatively high in Huh-7-HCV and Huh-7.5-HCV cells harboring in vitro transcribed full-length HCV RNA. |
### Instruction:
Is investigation of thyroid dysfunction more likely in patients with high psychological morbidity?
### Response:
| Those referred for thyroid function tests, although no more likely than others to have hypothyroidism, have high rates of psychological distress. When mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism is detected in patients with psychological distress, it is important that GPs are aware that this is likely to be coincidental rather than causal and offer appropriate treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of the Rh/RhAG complex reduced in Mi.III erythrocytes?
### Response:
| Substitution of GPB with Gp.Mur significantly reduced the expression of Rh antigen and RhAG on the Mi.III(+/+) erythrocyte membrane. The Mi.III phenotype is predicted to induce considerable structural variations within the band 3/Rh-associated macrocomplexes. |
### Instruction:
Do changes in basophil activation during grass-pollen sublingual immunotherapy correlate with clinical efficacy?
### Response:
| Allergen reactivity of peripheral blood basophils is not a biomarker for adverse events or early onset of clinical responses to SLIT. |
### Instruction:
Do age and gender but not common chronic illnesses predict odor identification in older African Americans?
### Response:
| The lack of a significant relationship between common chronic conditions, or sociocultural factors, with the BSIT score underscores the value of this test in screening for odor identification deficiencies in older subjects. |
### Instruction:
Are cholesterol ester and free fatty acids modulated by policosanol in CaCo-2 intestinal cells?
### Response:
| It was concluded that policosanol or policosanol metabolites may modulate lipid metabolism and/or transport following absorption by the BBM, partial oxidation by the intestinal epithelium, and transport of policosanol metabolites across the BLM. |
### Instruction:
Is the load of short telomeres increased and associated with lifetime number of depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder?
### Response:
| Modest sample size and cross-sectional design. |
### Instruction:
Is muscle wasting associated with mortality in patients with cirrhosis?
### Response:
| Sarcopenia is associated with mortality in patients with cirrhosis. It does not correlate with the degree of liver dysfunction evaluated by using conventional scoring systems. Scoring systems should include evaluation of sarcopenia to better assess mortality among patients with cirrhosis. |
### Instruction:
Does trypsin reduce pancreatic ductal bicarbonate secretion by inhibiting CFTR Cl⁻ channels and luminal anion exchangers?
### Response:
| Trypsin reduces pancreatic ductal bicarbonate secretion via PAR-2-dependent inhibition of the apical anion exchanger and the CFTR Cl(-) channel. This could contribute to the development of chronic pancreatitis by decreasing luminal pH and promoting premature activation of trypsinogen in the pancreatic ducts. |
### Instruction:
Is self-reported long total sleep duration associated with metabolic syndrome : the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study?
### Response:
| Long sleep duration was associated with greater risk of MetSyn in older Chinese. Confirmation through longitudinal studies is needed. The mechanisms mediating the link between long sleep duration and MetSyn require further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Does pERIOSTIN regulate MMP-2 expression via the αvβ3 integrin/ERK pathway in human periodontal ligament cells?
### Response:
| These data suggest that PERIOSTIN upregulates MMP-2 expression via the αvβ3 integrin/ERK signalling pathway and VEGF expression in human PDL cells. |
### Instruction:
Are serum pigment epithelium-derived factor levels increased in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and independently associated with liver steatosis?
### Response:
| Serum PEDF levels are significantly increased in patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and are associated with liver steatosis independently of traditional risk factors. |
### Instruction:
Do united States home births increase 20 percent from 2004 to 2008?
### Response:
| The 20 percent increase in United States home births from 2004 to 2008 is a notable development that will be of interest to practitioners and policymakers. (BIRTH 38:3 September 2011). |
### Instruction:
Does surgical ventricular restoration improve the left ventricle basal wall function using quantitative gated SPECT?
### Response:
| OLVP improved NYHA functional classes, and also improved the regional wall function at the basal level of the left ventricle. In contrast, lone PMA did not improve or impair the regional wall function at any of the levels. |
### Instruction:
Does pregabalin reduce alcohol drinking and relapse to alcohol seeking in the rat?
### Response:
| Results demonstrate that pregabalin may have potential in the treatment of alcohol addiction. |
### Instruction:
Is attenuation of cocaine-induced conditioned locomotion associated with altered expression of hippocampal glutamate receptors in mice lacking LPA1 receptors?
### Response:
| The present results indicate that the lack of LPA1 receptor affect cocaine-induced conditioned locomotion but not behavioural sensitization. The findings suggest that LPA1 receptor may be necessary for a normal associative contextual learning associated to cocaine, probably through the modulation of hippocampal glutamatergic circuits. |
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