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### Instruction:
Do insulin resistance and adiposity correlate with acute-phase reaction and soluble cell adhesion molecules in type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| Endothelial activation and acute-phase reaction correlate with insulin resistance and obesity in type 2 diabetic patients. |
### Instruction:
Does implementation of a tertiary trauma survey decrease missed injuries?
### Response:
| ICU patients-particularly brain injury victims and those undergoing emergent surgical procedures-appear to be at highest risk for MI. Implementation of a standardized TS decreased MIs by 36% in our Level I trauma center, and more timely TS would likely have further reduced MIs. A TS should be routine in trauma centers. |
### Instruction:
Is effect of H1-antagonist Dithiaden on human PMN-leukocyte aggregation and chemiluminescence stimulus-dependent?
### Response:
| Dithiaden, depending on the stimuli applied, inhibited human neutrophils, both isolated or in whole blood, more markedly than histamine. The inhibition of aggregation and CL was dose- and stimulus-dependent. Histamine administered simultaneously abolished the effect of Dithiaden on fMLP-stimulated PMN-leukocytes. It seems likely that the interaction of Dithiaden with neutrophils operated both at an extra- and intracellular level. |
### Instruction:
Do nitrotyrosine and 8-isoprostane formation indicate free radical-mediated injury in hearts of patients subjected to cardioplegia?
### Response:
| Our data show that cardioplegia-induced myocardial ischemia and reperfusion is associated with nitrotyrosine and 8-isoprostane formation mainly in the coronary endothelium, indicating injury mediated by both peroxynitrite and oxygen-derived free radicals. Because nitric oxide synthase activation was accompanied with increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate, these data suggest that direct effects of nitric oxide on cardiac myocytes, as well as nitric oxide-mediated coronary endothelial injury, might contribute to injury associated with cardioplegia and cardiopulmonary bypass. |
### Instruction:
Does nuclear factor kappaB mediate a procoagulant response in monocytes during extracorporeal circulation?
### Response:
| We conclude that intravascular tissue factor expression during extracorporeal circulation of blood is due to nuclear factor kappaB-mediated activation of monocytes (possibly by complement), which can be controlled pharmacologically. |
### Instruction:
Are larger thigh and hip circumferences associated with better glucose tolerance : the Hoorn study?
### Response:
| Thigh circumference in women and hip circumference in both sexes are negatively associated with markers of glucose metabolism independently of the waist circumference, BMI, and age. Both fat and muscle tissues may contribute to these associations. |
### Instruction:
Does in vitro wear simulation measurements of composite versus resin-modified glass ionomer luting cement for all-ceramic restorations?
### Response:
| The activation mode of resin cements did not influence their wear resistance. The RMGIs underwent higher attrition wear than the resin cements. |
### Instruction:
Is intravenous levosimendan treatment cost-effective compared with dobutamine in severe low-output heart failure : an analysis based on the international LIDO trial?
### Response:
| Although the patients in the levosimendan group were alive for more days and thus at risk of hospitalisation for longer, there was no increase in hospitalisation or hospitalisation costs with levosimendan treatment. The cost per LYS using levosimendan compares favourably with other cost-effectiveness analyses in cardiology. |
### Instruction:
Is aPOE E4 a determinant for Alzheimer type pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy?
### Response:
| APOE epsilon4 is a risk factor for Alzheimer type pathology in PSP. Alzheimer type pathology is an independent process unrelated to PSP in cases with both types of pathologies. |
### Instruction:
Does the pentapeptide QYNAD block voltage-gated sodium channels?
### Response:
| These experiments do not show any sodium channel blocking effect of QYNAD. The conclusion that QYNAD contributes to the pathophysiology of inflammatory neurologic disorders by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels should therefore be viewed with caution. |
### Instruction:
Does relative validity of food frequency questionnaire nutrient estimate in the Black Women 's Health Study?
### Response:
| The BWHS FFQ will support meaningful analyses of diet-health associations for 10 of the 11 energy-adjusted nutrient intake variables analyzed. |
### Instruction:
Does angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade improve renal perfusion in hypercholesterolemia?
### Response:
| The AT1 receptor blockade in HC improves renal perfusion and tubular functional responses to endothelium-dependent vasodilators, in association with a decrease in oxidative stress. These results imply involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in the blunted renal cortical perfusion responses observed in HC, and suggest a potential role for these agents in preservation of intrarenal hemodynamics and function in HC. |
### Instruction:
Is radiation-induced up-regulation of telomerase in KG1a cells influenced by dose-rate and radiation quality?
### Response:
| Radiation-induced telomerase activation depends on dose-rate. High-LET and low-LET irradiations induce similar changes in TA that differ mainly in their kinetics and their magnitude. Changes in TA are not related to cell-cycle redistribution nor to the induction of cell death; they are the consequence of specific regulatory responses to ionizing radiation. Mechanisms including both transcriptional and post-translational control may be involved in this regulation. |
### Instruction:
Does artificial recruitment of certain Mediator components affect requirement of basal transcription factor IIE?
### Response:
| Our results strongly suggest that the TFIIE requirement of a gene is determined by a target(s) in Mediator through which the signal of the cognate activator is transmitted. |
### Instruction:
Is aggressive resection indicated for cecal diverticulitis?
### Response:
| The natural history of cecal diverticulitis varies from benign and self-limiting to fulminant in the oriental population. Less than 40% (32 of 85) of patients were successfully treated with conservative methods initially and had no recurrence during the follow-up period. We recommend aggressive surgical resection for patients with a definite diagnosis. Adjuvant appendectomy without resection of the lesion should be considered only in uncomplicated patients whose diagnosis is in doubt. |
### Instruction:
Does severe astigmatic blur interfere with spectacle lens compensation?
### Response:
| Severe astigmatic blur does not interfere with spectacle lens compensation. From this it can be inferred that the average amount of blur is not an important error signal for spectacle lens compensation and therefore probably not for emmetropization either. These results strengthen the case that the sign of defocus is used to direct eye growth. |
### Instruction:
Do children 's experiences of school toilets present a risk to their physical and psychological health?
### Response:
| European standards are needed for school toilets in order to prevent children developing problems such as constipation, urinary tract infections and incontinence. |
### Instruction:
Does recursive partitioning analysis ( RPA ) class predict survival in patients with four or more brain metastases?
### Response:
| Patients with four or more brain metastases seem to represent a group with unfavorable prognosis where remission of brain metastases or administration of more than 30 Gy were not associated with increased survival. The number of patients in RPA class I was too small to draw final conclusions. However, there was absolutely no survival difference between patients in class II (median survival 3.6 months) and III (median 4.2 months). |
### Instruction:
Does additional right parasternal incision without thoracotomy provide alternative access for hepatic resection?
### Response:
| This simple technique without necessitating rotation of the operating table may be useful as an alternative method of access to the liver especially when fine isolation around the root of the hepatic veins is required. |
### Instruction:
Does p2P-R deficiency modify nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest and UV-induced apoptosis?
### Response:
| P2P-R may influence AP1 and/or JNK signaling pathways. |
### Instruction:
Does use of the child development review increase residents ' discussion of behavioral problems?
### Response:
| Use of the CDR before HMEs increased parent identification and reported discussion of behavioral topics for toddler and preschool children. |
### Instruction:
Do simple feedback notes enhance specificity of feedback to learners?
### Response:
| Cued feedback notes provided learners with detailed feedback in a format that learners prefer. Over time, simple feedback notes lead to more specific feedback for trainees. |
### Instruction:
Do recurrent extrusion of cochlear implant at an interval of 5 years?
### Response:
| The two extrusions occurred with a long interval in between and at two different sites. The first extrusion occurred along the skin incision, and the second extrusion occurred away from the skin incision with infection around the device. The authors assumed that the first and the second extrusion occurred independently; the first extrusion was caused by insufficient blood supply resulting from scar formation from repeated mastoid operations and by pressure on the skin from the internal and external devices, and the second extrusion was caused by proliferated tissue pushing the device upward and against the skin as a result of chronic middle ear infection. The clinical course indicates that sufficiently long follow-up periods are needed to determine the usefulness of the prevention techniques for cochlear implantation in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. |
### Instruction:
Do normal electrocardiography and serum troponin I levels preclude the presence of clinically significant blunt cardiac injury?
### Response:
| The combination of normal ECG and TnI at admission and 8 hours later rules out the diagnosis of SigBCI. In the absence of other reasons for hospitalization, such patients can be safely discharged. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Sildenafil change coronary flow reserve in diabetics with erectile dysfunction ]?
### Response:
| Diabetics with erectile dysfunction often have a CFR in the lower range of normal. Sildenafil did not further reduce CFR. Asymptomatic, severe coronary artery disease often can be found in diabetics with erectile dysfunction. Cardiological screening for contraindications for sildenafil seems mandatory in diabetics with a high cardiovascular risk profile. |
### Instruction:
Do contrast agents provide a faster learning curve in dipyridamole stress echocardiography?
### Response:
| The use of contrast agents provides a better agreement in the evaluation of stress echo between an experienced and a non-experienced observer in stress echo. Adding routinely contrast agents could probably reduce the number of exams required for the necessary learning curve in stress echocardiography. |
### Instruction:
Does zinc supplementation at the time of ethanol exposure ameliorate teratogenicity in mice?
### Response:
| These findings demonstrate that Zn supplementation at the time of ethanol exposure significantly negates the deleterious effects of ethanol on the fetus. |
### Instruction:
Is glut-1 glucose transporter expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma associated with tumor aggressiveness?
### Response:
| In conclusion, the level of Glut-1 expression may be a useful marker that can provide information on tumor aggressiveness and prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Is reduced expression of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans , lumican , and decorin associated with poor outcome in node-negative invasive breast cancer?
### Response:
| These results suggest that low levels of small leucine-rich proteoglycans in breast tumors may be associated with a worse prognosis in lymph node-negative invasive breast carcinomas and warrant further study with larger patient cohorts. |
### Instruction:
Is cMV infection of the renal allograft much more common than the pathology indicates : a retrospective analysis of qualitative and quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR , renal biopsy pathology and tissue CMV-PCR?
### Response:
| CMV nephropathy is much more common than previously reported when sensitive techniques are used for detection in tissue. Acute rejection and CMV viraemia occur commonly together in patients at risk for CMV. Quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR does not correlate with the presence of CMV inclusions. These findings have implications for management of patients who have elevated serum creatinine and are at risk for CMV disease. |
### Instruction:
Do kupffer cells modulate splenic interleukin-10 production in endotoxin-induced liver injury after partial hepatectomy?
### Response:
| Kupffer cells after hepatectomy may aggravate endotoxin-induced liver injury via down-regulation of IL-10 production in the spleen. |
### Instruction:
Does expression of A20 in the vessel wall of rat-kidney allografts correlate with protection from transplant arteriosclerosis?
### Response:
| We demonstrate for the first time a strict correlation between A20 expression in the vessel and the absence of transplant arteriosclerosis in rat kidney-allograft models. This data is similar to data obtained in human kidney allografts and suggests that A20 may represent a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of chronic allograft rejection. |
### Instruction:
Does outcome measures and need assessment tools for schizophrenia and related disorders?
### Response:
| The routine use of outcomes measures and needs assessment tools is, as yet, unsupported by high quality evidence of clinical and cost effectiveness. Clinicians, patients and policy makers alike may wish to see randomised evidence before this strategy is routinely adopted. |
### Instruction:
Is there no evidence of an inverse relationship between TH2-mediated atopy and TH1-mediated autoimmune disorders : Lack of support for the hygiene hypothesis?
### Response:
| We found no evidence of an inverse relationship between atopy and patient reports of physician-diagnosed common autoimmune disorders in the adult American population. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, reports of physician-diagnosed common allergic disorders are positively associated with reports of physician-diagnosed autoimmune disorders, with this possibly being caused by ascertainment bias. These findings suggest that the T(H)1/T(H)2 paradigm might be an oversimplification. |
### Instruction:
Is receptor internalization required for eotaxin-induced responses in human eosinophils?
### Response:
| These results establish that CCR3 internalization is critically involved in select eosinophil functional responses (ie, cellular shape change and actin polymerization) but not desensitization and calcium mobilization. |
### Instruction:
Does myosin light chain kinase mediate eosinophil chemotaxis in a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent manner?
### Response:
| These results suggest that eotaxin regulates MLCK through both extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 MAP kinase. MLCK activation is a critical step in the cytoskeletal rearrangements leading to eosinophil migration. |
### Instruction:
Is objective manual assessment of lumbar posteroanterior stiffness now possible?
### Response:
| This research shows that therapists can accurately judge asymptomatic subjects' spinal stiffness using a matching task. We believe that this method may allow therapists to quantify lumbar PA stiffness in clinical practice. |
### Instruction:
Does [ The disinfection efficiency comparison of different treatments on dental impression and gypsum cast ]?
### Response:
| 2% glutaraldehyde immersion, spray, 5% Eric immersion, spray are all effective disinfecting methods for impressions and ozone treatment is an effective method in disinfecting the gypsum casts. |
### Instruction:
Are polymorphisms in the IL 18 gene associated with specific sensitization to common allergens and allergic rhinitis?
### Response:
| IL18 might be responsible for the linkage effects seen in the chromosomal region 11q22, which has been found previously with the phenotype "sensitization to mite allergen." Thus a suspected direct role of IL18 in the pathogenesis of atopy has been strengthened by the presence of 8 common SNPs in the promoter regions of IL18. |
### Instruction:
Do sera from Guillain-Barré patients enhance leakage in blood-nerve barrier model?
### Response:
| The authors found an unfavorable effect of sera from patients with GBS on BNB function, supporting involvement of humoral factors causing BNB derangement in the acute stage. Serial evaluation of permeability change using the authors' in vitro system might be useful for the clinical assessment of BNB derangement in individual patients. |
### Instruction:
Is postprandial hypertriglyceridemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in healthy subjects independent of lipid oxidation?
### Response:
| This study suggests that postprandial hypertriglyceridemia-induced endothelial dysfunction is not associated with lipid oxidation and that the protective effects of vitamin E on endothelial function may be due to some alternative, as of yet unknown, mechanism. |
### Instruction:
Does xanthine oxidase inhibition reverse endothelial dysfunction in heavy smokers?
### Response:
| Smoking-induced endothelial dysfunction of resistance vessels is rapidly reversed with oral allopurinol. These data suggest that xanthine oxidase contributes importantly to endothelial dysfunction caused by cigarette smoking. |
### Instruction:
Does tissue differential microarray analysis of dexamethasone induction reveal potential mechanisms of steroid glaucoma?
### Response:
| The induction of TIGR/MYOC by DEX is HTM-specific, whereas its secretory and glycosylation characteristics are ubiquitous. The known functions of HTM-DEX-specific genes reveal the presence of protective and damaging mechanisms for regulation of IOP during DEX treatment. Besides TIGR/MYOC, other HTM-DEX-specific genes may be good candidates for linkage to glaucoma. |
### Instruction:
Does urinary oxalic acid excretion differ after oral loading of rats with various oxalate salts?
### Response:
| The upper gastrointestinal tract seems to be the major site of oxalic acid absorption and only free oxalate is absorbed irrespective of whether it is the sodium salt or not. After binding to calcium in the gut, oxalic acid absorption seems to be inhibited in the presence of calcium and this means that calcium oxalate is poorly absorbed (at least in the upper gastrointestinal tract). |
### Instruction:
Are deletions in chromosome arms 3p and 11q new prognostic markers in localized and 4s neuroblastoma?
### Response:
| Alterations in 3p and 11q are frequent nonrandom aberrations in NB and define a new high-risk subgroup in MYCN single copy stage 1-3 and 4s disease. |
### Instruction:
Is alpha 1-acid glycoprotein an independent predictor of in-hospital death in the elderly?
### Response:
| this study shows that the increase in plasma levels at admission of two acute-phase proteins, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and C-reactive protein, were associated with in-hospital mortality in a population of hospitalised elderly patients. Furthermore, associations of overall mortality with inflammation differed among the markers and only alpha 1-acid glycoprotein entered the multivariate prediction model. Our findings support the hypothesis that alpha 1-acid glycoprotein may be superior to C-reactive protein in mortality risk assessment strategies for elderly patients. |
### Instruction:
Are smoking , atopy and certain furry pets major determinants of respiratory symptoms in children : the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Study ( Ireland )?
### Response:
| Cigarette smoking is closely associated with the reporting of significant respiratory symptoms together with atopy and exposure to furry pets. Some 20-37% of severe symptoms were neither diagnosed nor treated as asthma. |
### Instruction:
Is interleukin-10 gene promoter region polymorphism associated with eosinophil count and circulating immunoglobulin E in adult asthma?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the eosinophil counts and serum IgE are differently regulated by IL-10 genotype in asthmatic and in normal subjects. However, IL-10 polymorphism is not related to susceptibility in asthma. |
### Instruction:
Is metalloproteinase-9 increased after toluene diisocyanate exposure in the induced sputum from patients with toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma?
### Response:
| TDI exposure leads to overproduction of MMP-9, which may induce airway inflammation and remodeling, and then contribute to persistent asthmatic symptoms in TDI-induced asthma. |
### Instruction:
Do [ The murine submandibular gland conditioned medium induce the development of CFU-GM and CFU-meg ]?
### Response:
| Submandibular gland can stimulate the development of CFU-GM and CFU-Meg by secreting hematopoietic growth factor-like activities. Our study provide the experimental evidences for clarifying the relationship between submandibular gland and hematopoiesis. |
### Instruction:
Does endogenous tumor necrosis factor promote resistance to cellular stresses by inducing the metallothionein-1A gene?
### Response:
| Metallothionein-1A could be induced by enTNF, resulting in resistance against various cellular stresses. |
### Instruction:
Are transient rebounds of low-level viraemia among HIV-infected patients under HAART associated with virological or immunological failure?
### Response:
| Patients under HAART with transient low-level viraemia are not at an increased risk of developing virological or immunological failure. |
### Instruction:
Does in-home respite intervention reduce plasma epinephrine in stressed Alzheimer caregivers?
### Response:
| Findings suggest that an in-home respite program may reduce SAM activation independent of psychological symptoms. To the extent that sympathetic activation mediates pathophysiological events, these results suggest an approach that may reduce morbidity and mortality in certain caregivers. |
### Instruction:
Does bone cement as adjuvant techniques for ossicular chain reconstruction?
### Response:
| Hydroxyapatite and Dahllite bone cements showed evidence of osseointegration with ossicular bone in the guinea pig model. Further studies are under way to determine the osseointegrative capacity of Dahllite cement between the guinea pig malleus and a partial prosthesis, and any ototoxic effects with use in the middle ear. |
### Instruction:
Does stressful psychosocial work environment increase risk for back pain among retail material handlers?
### Response:
| Modification of the psychosocial work environment for material handlers in large retail stores may help reduce back pain among employees. |
### Instruction:
Do basic HGF-like peptides inhibit generation of liver metastases in murine and human tumor models?
### Response:
| Recent data on the antiangiogenic effects of these basic peptides partially explain the in vivo antimetastatic activity. We suggest the small basic penta-hexapeptides as a new class of biological response modifiers which can modulate the metastatic process. |
### Instruction:
Does testis histopathology in boys with cryptorchidism correlate with future fertility potential?
### Response:
| Testis biopsy provides useful prognostic information about semen analysis in patients with unilateral undescended testis. In the 9 patients with bilateral undescended testes testis biopsy divided them into normal and abnormal groups in terms of hormonal parameters. Testis biopsy was not able to provide additional prognostic information on semen analysis in patients with bilateral undescended testes since they were uniformly poor. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Oxygen-carrying solutions improve tissue oxygenation in striated skin muscle subjected to critical ischemia ]?
### Response:
| These results show that the oxygen-carrying solution DCLHb is significantly more efficient than the commonly used crystalloid solutions in restoration of tissue PO(2) after ischemia-reperfusion. The use of this solution therefore appears promising as a means of protecting the tissue put at risk by ischemia from reperfusion damage. |
### Instruction:
Do serendipitous findings from an Illinois ED nursing educational survey reflect a crisis in emergency nursing?
### Response:
| The first step toward addressing a growing crisis in emergency nursing is to listen to the voices of emergency nurses themselves and let their frustrations be heard. The spontaneous comments of emergency nurses point to serious, pervasive, systemic problems in emergency nursing. Such problems will not be solved by "quick fixes" such as sign on bonuses, but rather by listening carefully to the concerns of experienced nurses. |
### Instruction:
Is elevated monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in amniotic fluid a risk factor for pregnancy loss?
### Response:
| A subset of women who had a pregnancy loss after a mid-trimester amniocentesis had higher concentrations of the chemokine MCP-1 than those who had a normal pregnancy outcome. Subclinical intra-amniotic inflammation is a risk factor for pregnancy loss after mid-trimester amniocentesis. This observation may have medicolegal and clinical implications. An elevated MCP-1 concentration in amniotic fluid of patients with a pregnancy loss after a mid-trimester amniocentesis indicates that a pathological condition was present at the time of the procedure. |
### Instruction:
Is myocardial contrast echocardiography superior to other known modalities for assessing myocardial reperfusion after acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| MCE is currently the best and most accurate measure of reperfusion at a microvascular level and an excellent predictor of left ventricular function at one month following acute myocardial infarction. |
### Instruction:
Is differential apolipoprotein ( a ) isoform expression in heterozygosity an independent contributor to lipoprotein ( a ) levels variability?
### Response:
| The smaller isoforms are not always effectively dominant in heterozygosis since 40% of the subjects expressed more the larger isoform. The individual variability of apolipoprotein(a) isoform expression in heterozygosis could explain part of the lipoprotein(a) levels variability. |
### Instruction:
Does quantitative detection of peripheral thyroglobulin mRNA have limited clinical value in the follow-up of thyroid cancer patients?
### Response:
| We were not able to confirm earlier positive reports on the clinical value of Tg mRNA measurement for the monitoring of patients treated for thyroid cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does acupuncture inhibit sympathetic activation during mental stress in advanced heart failure patients?
### Response:
| Acute acupuncture attenuates sympathoexcitation during mental stress in advanced HF patients. |
### Instruction:
Are glenohumeral translations only partially restored after repair of a simulated type II superior labral lesion?
### Response:
| Repair of a type II lesion only partially restored glenohumeral translations to that of the vented joint. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of irritable bowel symptoms in a New Zealand birth cohort?
### Response:
| Bowel-related abdominal symptoms, including those required for a diagnosis of IBS, are very common in 26-year-old New Zealanders; the prevalence of these symptoms is very similar to that recorded previously in Europe and the USA. |
### Instruction:
Does tumor necrosis factor-alpha +489G/A gene polymorphism is associate with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
### Response:
| Based on the reported data, it is concluded that COPD, and especially a subgroup of COPD patients without radiological emphysema, is associated with TNF-alpha +489G/A gene polymorphism. |
### Instruction:
Does insulin utilize the PI 3-kinase pathway to inhibit SP-A gene expression in lung epithelial cells?
### Response:
| Insulin inhibition of SP-A gene expression in lung epithelial cells probably occurs via the rapamycin-sensitive PI 3-kinase signaling pathway. |
### Instruction:
Is induction of matrix metalloproteinase 1 gene expression regulated by inflammation-responsive transcription factor SAF-1 in osteoarthritis?
### Response:
| The results indicate that SAF-1 is involved in the regulation of MMP1 gene expression and it is highly abundant in the articular cartilage chondrocytes of OA patients. The data also demonstrate that control of SAF-1 activity can suppress induced expression of MMP-1. Conceivably, SAF-1 could be a potential therapeutic target to control the overexpression of MMP-1 associated with the pathogenesis of OA. |
### Instruction:
Does creatine supplementation affect kidney function in an animal model with pre-existing renal failure?
### Response:
| Creatine supplementation at a dosage of 2% w/w for 4 weeks does not impair kidney function in animals with pre-existing renal failure or in control animals. |
### Instruction:
Does hMG-CoA reductase inhibitor ameliorate diabetic nephropathy by its pleiotropic effects in rats?
### Response:
| Statin treatment prevented glomerular injury, independent of the cholesterol-lowering effects. Our findings suggest that the beneficial effect might be mediated by pleiotropic effects including an anti-inflammatory action through a reduction of oxidative stress, NF-kappaB activation, ICAM-1 expression and macrophage infiltration in the early phase of DN. |
### Instruction:
Is supine body position an important factor influencing postprandial ambulatory blood pressure?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that supine body position is an important factor, which may influence postprandial BP investigated by ABPM. Body position should always be taken into consideration when ABPM results are analysed. |
### Instruction:
Does german cockroach extract increase bronchial epithelial cell interleukin-8 expression?
### Response:
| German cockroach extract contains novel serine protease activity which has a direct pro-inflammatory effect on airway epithelial cells |
### Instruction:
Does allergen-specific conventional immunotherapy decrease immunoglobulin E-mediated basophil histamine releasability?
### Response:
| Basophils have the potential to play an important role in the early clinical improvement of conventional immunotherapy in children with atopic asthma, which may be a result of the decreased IgE-mediated histamine releasability during immunotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Does frosted branch angiitis associated with Harada disease-like manifestations recur 10 years later?
### Response:
| Fluorescein angiography and spinal tap supported the diagnosis of Harada disease in the patient. The present patient could be diagnosed as having either Harada disease with frosted branch-like response or frosted branch angiitis with serous retinal detachment as occurs in Harada disease. |
### Instruction:
Are moderate sun exposure and nevus counts in parents associated with development of melanocytic nevi in childhood : a risk factor study in 1,812 kindergarten children?
### Response:
| The authors found a strong association between nevus development in children and the number of parental moles, which most likely points to an inherited factor. Moderate sun exposure such as outdoor activities during a German summer without sunburns seemed to be sufficient for induction of melanocytic nevi. The authors believe that these findings will have direct impact on concepts for preventive strategies. |
### Instruction:
Does low expression of p27 indicate a poor prognosis in patients with high-grade astrocytomas?
### Response:
| Although p27 and p21 are parallel cell-cycle regulators, only p27 has independent prognostic value in patients with malignant astrocytomas. It appears that decreased levels of p21/p27 are associated with a poor prognosis and short survival. |
### Instruction:
Are activated satellite cells present in uninjured extraocular muscles of mature mice?
### Response:
| These data indicate that the process of continuous myonuclear addition is also active in mouse EOM. These findings will allow various mutant mouse models to be used to study the pathogenesis and treatment of various muscle disorders. The existence of continuous myonuclear addition in adult, uninjured EOM fundamentally changes the accepted notion that EOM myofibers are postmitotic. |
### Instruction:
Do s100B blood levels correlate with rewarming time and cerebral Doppler in pediatric open heart surgery?
### Response:
| The present results show a significant correlation between a biochemical marker of brain damage and an index of increased cerebrovascular resistance, with higher levels during the rewarming CPB phase in pediatric open heart surgery. |
### Instruction:
Is circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) associated with risk factors of the metabolic syndrome and LDL size in clinically healthy 58-year-old men ( AIR study )?
### Response:
| The metabolic syndrome was accompanied by high plasma ox-LDL concentrations compared with those without the syndrome. Ox-LDL levels were associated with most of the risk factors constituting the metabolic syndrome and was, in addition related to small LDL-particle size. To our knowledge the present study is the first one to demonstrate that circulating ox-LDL levels are associated with small LDL-particle size in a population representative sample of clinically healthy middle-aged men. The high degree of intercorrelation amongst several factors makes it difficult to clarify the independent role of any specific factor. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Different sampling method affect the voice assessment results for the patient with vocal polyp ]?
### Response:
| Subsection sampling voice assessment might conceal the degree of the disease state of patients. |
### Instruction:
Are valvular flow abnormalities often identified by a resting focused Doppler examination performed at the time of stress echocardiography?
### Response:
| Focused Doppler documents valvular flow abnormalities in 17% of patients referred for stress echocardiography, thereby enhancing the potential overall value of the test. The frequency of new findings was independent of the time interval from the previous Doppler study. These data should be considered when clinicians choose a stress imaging modality. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-6 promote androgen-independent growth in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells?
### Response:
| These studies clearly provide experimental evidence that IL-6 initiates and/or enhances the transition of prostate cancer cells from an androgen-dependent to an androgen-independent phenotype. |
### Instruction:
Is continuous retrograde blood cardioplegia associated with lower hospital mortality after heart valve surgery?
### Response:
| This study shows that continuous retrograde blood cardioplegia is associated with lower hospital mortality in heart valve operations. |
### Instruction:
Does erythropoietin prevent ischemia-reperfusion from inducing oxidative damage in fetal rat brain?
### Response:
| Recombinant human erythropoietin has been shown to have neuroprotective effect in intrauterine ischemia-reperfusion-induced fetal brain damage in rats. |
### Instruction:
Does valid assessment of the clinical features of depression by relatives appear to slip under the RADAR?
### Response:
| Results are consistent with previous findings of poor agreement between clinicians and corroborative witnesses in assessing clinical depressive features, and argue against reliance on corroborative witness reports. |
### Instruction:
Do use of AlloDerm implant to prevent frey syndrome after parotidectomy?
### Response:
| The use of AlloDerm graft as an interpositional barrier improves parotidectomy outcome by reducing the incidence of Frey syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Are exercise systolic blood pressures of questionable value in the assessment of the adult with a previous coarctation repair?
### Response:
| Measurements of upper limb blood pressure during exercise are of limited value in the assessment of the post-repair coarctation patient. If routine exercise testing is to be advocated in this population it must be for another indication. |
### Instruction:
Do high- and low-alcohol-preferring mice show differences in conditioned taste aversion to alcohol?
### Response:
| These data suggest that mice selectively bred for low alcohol preference are more sensitive to the development of alcohol CTA than mice selectively bred for high alcohol preference. The present findings indicate that common genes mediate both alcohol preference and the aversive effects of alcohol as measured in the CTA paradigm. |
### Instruction:
Is the liver an important organ in the metabolism of asymmetrical dimethylarginine ( ADMA )?
### Response:
| The liver plays an important role in the metabolism of ADMA by taking up large amounts of ADMA from the systemic circulation. |
### Instruction:
Does the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine converge on an endogenous sleep-promoting pathway to exert its sedative effects?
### Response:
| The authors propose that endogenous sleep pathways are causally involved in dexmedetomidine-induced sedation; dexmedetomidine's sedative mechanism involves inhibition of the LC, which disinhibits VLPO firing. The increased release of GABA at the terminals of the VLPO inhibits TMN firing, which is required for the sedative response. |
### Instruction:
Are inpatient transfers to the intensive care unit : delays associated with increased mortality and morbidity?
### Response:
| Slow transfer to the ICU of physiologically defined high-risk hospitalized patients was associated with increased risk of death. Slow response to physiologic deterioration may explain these findings. |
### Instruction:
Does vasopressin increase milk flow and milk fat concentration in the goat?
### Response:
| We conclude that vasopressin increases milk flow and milk fat concentration and suggest that vasopressin, like oxytocin, acts on the myoepithelial cells. |
### Instruction:
Are plasma levels of soluble CD40 ligand elevated in inflammatory bowel diseases?
### Response:
| Elevated plasma levels of sCD40L in CD patients supposedly reflect activation of functional CD40L in the intestine and might be a marker of intestinal inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Does iFN gamma-induced up-regulation of PD-ECGF/TP enhance the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil and 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine in bladder cancer cells?
### Response:
| IFN gamma enhances the cytotoxicity of 5FU and 5'DFUR against human bladder cancer cells through induction of PD-ECGF/TP. The results imply that an IFN gamma/5FU or IFN gamma/5'DFUR combination therapy may be applicable to clinical bladder cancers. |
### Instruction:
Is live attenuated , nef-deleted SIV pathogenic in most adult macaques after prolonged observation?
### Response:
| Our data demonstrate that with time, a live attenuated, multiply deleted SIV vaccine can cause immune dysregulation in most vaccine recipients, even in initially immune competent, healthy adults. Immune dysfunction can progress to full AIDS. However, pathogenic effects became evident only several years after vaccination. Thus, mass vaccination of humans with similarly constructed live attenuated HIV vaccines, recently suggested for countries with high HIV-1 transmission rates, seems contraindicated. |
### Instruction:
Are human Leydig cells productively infected by some HIV-2 and SIV strains but not by HIV-1?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that Leydig cells do not represent a target for HIV-1 infection within the testis. In contrast, Leydig cells support HIV-2 and SIV infection and thus represent a potential target for infection. Receptor use and significance of HIV-2/SIV infection of Leydig cells remain to be determined. |
### Instruction:
Does short-term cortisol infusion in the brachial artery , with and without inhibiting 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase , alter forearm vascular resistance in normotensive and hypertensive subjects?
### Response:
| In both normotensive and hypertensive subjects, high-dose cortisol infusion both with and without 11 beta-HSD inhibition did not change FVR either immediately or after 2 h. We could not demonstrate in vivo 11 beta-HSD activity in the forearm vascular tissues. When binding of cortisone to CBG is changed, e.g. during cortisol infusion, arterio-venous changes in cortisone cannot reliably be used to assess (alterations in) local 11 beta-HSD activity. |
### Instruction:
Is methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T mutation related to the defects in the internal elastic lamina of the artery wall?
### Response:
| Our result suggests that MTHFR polymorphism may be involved in the fragmentation of the IEL. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Acute toxicity and local stimulate test of cucurbitacinBE polylactic acid nano-particles of targeting cervical lymph nodes ]?
### Response:
| The acute toxicity of CuBE-PLA-NP is lower than that of CuBE. Both CuBE-PLA-NP and CuBE are adequate for local injection, but the local stimulation of CuBE-PLA-NP is smaller than that of CuBE. |
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