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### Instruction:
Does diabetes mellitus affect response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the management of rectal cancer?
### Response:
| Our study shows that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer is less effective in diabetic patients than in nondiabetics. While minimal differences are found in the rate of downstaging, the rate of achieving a complete pathologic response was significantly higher in nondiabetic patients, and in fact was not seen in any of our diabetic patients. This may explain the poorer outcomes seen in diabetic patients with rectal cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does the small molecule Mek1/2 inhibitor U0126 disrupt the chordamesoderm to notochord transition in zebrafish?
### Response:
| Using the small chemical U0126, we have established a novel link between MAPK-signaling and notochord differentiation. Our phenotypic analysis suggests a potential connection between the MAPK-pathway, the COPI-mediated intracellular transport and/or the copper-dependent posttranslational regulatory processes during notochord differentiation. |
### Instruction:
Is the burden of hepatitis C virus infection growing : a Canadian population-based study of hospitalizations from 1994 to 2004?
### Response:
| The present studies' findings confirm the growing burden of HCV on the Canadian health care system. Strategies to prevent HCV infection and maximize the dissemination and most effective use of potentially curative antiviral therapies are necessary to reduce these trends. |
### Instruction:
Does human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression correlate with vascular endothelial growth factor-promoted tumor cell proliferation in prostate cancer?
### Response:
| All experiences above indicate that hTERT was one of the important proteins in the proliferation-promoting effect of VEGF on tumor cells in PCa. |
### Instruction:
Is hypoxic cell death reduced by pH buffering in a model of engineered heart tissue?
### Response:
| Effective pH buffering reduces cell death by attenuating the acidosis that accompanies anaerobic metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Is sustained weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass characterized by down regulation of endocannabinoids and mitochondrial function?
### Response:
| The attenuated caloric intake, reduced food efficiency, and normalization of hormonal levels on day 28 post-RYGB were associated with significant down-regulation of endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in muscle and liver, respectively. These results suggest a role for endocannabinoids in the mechanism of sustained weight loss and RYGB success, and may have implications for treatment of morbid obesity. |
### Instruction:
Is molecular evidence demonstrating local treatment failure the source of distant metastases in some patients treated for breast cancer?
### Response:
| These findings provide molecular evidence demonstrating that some DMs can directly develop from IBFs and support the importance of local tumor control in the overall treatment of breast cancer patients. |
### Instruction:
Is experience enough : repeated breaches in epidural anesthesia aseptic technique by novice operators despite improved skill?
### Response:
| Manual skills for invasive procedures improved with increasing experience, but aseptic technique did not, despite formal teaching. These findings reflect major gaps in the understanding and teaching of the principles of aseptic technique, most likely due to lack of structured training. Educational initiatives are needed to correct these teaching gaps. |
### Instruction:
Are parents ' concerns about children highly prevalent but often not confirmed by child doctors and nurses?
### Response:
| A very large proportion of parents of young children have concerns regarding their child, but agreement on these concerns with child health professionals is relatively low. |
### Instruction:
Do expanded risk groups help determine which prostate radiotherapy sub-group may benefit from adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy?
### Response:
| There appears to be no advantage to ADT where the Gleason score is 6 or less and PSA is 15 or less. ADT is beneficial in patients treated to standard dose radiation with Gleason 6 disease and a PSA greater than 15 or where the Gleason score is 7 or higher. |
### Instruction:
Is survival time in severe hemorrhagic shock after perioperative hemodilution longer with PEG-conjugated human serum albumin than with HES 130/0.4 : a microvascular perspective?
### Response:
| The ability of PEG-albumin to prolong maintenance of microvascular function better than HES is a finding that would be significant in a clinical setting involving preoperative blood management and extreme blood loss. |
### Instruction:
Do n-acetylcysteine and fenoldopam protect the renal function of patients with chronic renal insufficiency undergoing cardiac surgery?
### Response:
| Perioperative fenoldopam and N-acetylcysteine abrogate the early postoperative decline in renal function of patients who have chronic renal insufficiency, although these agents do not affect other parameters of cardiac surgical outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does the lectin-like domain of tumor necrosis factor-alpha improve alveolar fluid balance in injured isolated rabbit lungs?
### Response:
| Aerosolized TIP improved alveolar fluid balance by both reducing vascular permeability and enhancing the absorption of excess alveolar fluid in experimental lung injury. These data may suggest a role for TIP as a potential therapeutic agent in pulmonary edema. |
### Instruction:
Do uK adults exhibit higher step counts in summer compared to winter months?
### Response:
| Step counts in the sample of UK adults surveyed decreased significantly in the winter compared to the summer, suggesting future pedometer surveillance studies should capture step counts throughout the year for a non-biased reflection of habitual ambulatory activity. Public health initiatives should target these seasonal differences, and opportunities should be provided that encourage individuals to increase their activity levels during the colder, darker months of the year. |
### Instruction:
Does novel mutation in cytochrome P450c17 cause complete combined 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency?
### Response:
| This patient is a compound heterozygote for nonsense mutations in the CYP17 gene, which confirms the diagnosis of 17OHD. |
### Instruction:
Do superoxide dismutase A antigens derived from molecular analysis of sarcoidosis granulomas elicit systemic Th-1 immune responses?
### Response:
| Dual molecular and immunologic analysis increases the ability to find infectious antigens. The detection of Th-1 immune responses to sodA peptides derived from molecular analysis of sarcoidosis granulomas reveals that these are among the target antigens contributing to sarcoidosis granulomatous inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Does dearterialization of the liver cause intrahepatic cholestasis due to reduced bile transporter expression?
### Response:
| This study indicates that arterial blood supply is critical for normal bile secretion. Bile duct injury after complete arterial deprivation is preceded by a loss of bile secretory function and subsequent intrahepatic cholestasis. |
### Instruction:
Does the hepatic vagus nerve attenuate Fas-induced apoptosis in the mouse liver via alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?
### Response:
| The hepatic vagus nerve appears to play an important role in attenuating Fas-induced hepatocyte apoptosis through alpha7 nicotinic AChR, perhaps by causing the Kupffer cells to reduce their generation of an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species. |
### Instruction:
Does the anti-inflammatory effect of celecoxib prevent liver fibrosis in bile duct-ligated rats?
### Response:
| The present study provides morphological and molecular biological evidences for the role of celecoxib in cholestatic liver fibrosis. Celecoxib protects against hepatic inflammation in the early stage of BDL rats, but does not have an effect on liver fibrosis. |
### Instruction:
Is protective effect of pyridoxal-5-phosphate ( MC-1 ) on perioperative myocardial infarction independent of aortic cross clamp time : results from the MEND-CABG trial?
### Response:
| MC-1 decreased the incidence of CV death and MI (CK-MB >or=100 ng/mL) during the first 90 days after CABG in the MEND-CABG trial. Although longer aortic clamping time increased the risk of cardiovascular events, the protective effect of MC-1 was independent of ischemic time during CABG. |
### Instruction:
Does endotoxin increase plasma leptin and ghrelin levels in dogs?
### Response:
| Circulating leptin and ghrelin levels increase during endotoxemia, and these increases are associated with elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators, stress hormones, and serum biochemical markers for hepatorenal dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Does a novel splice-site mutation of TULP1 underlie severe early-onset retinitis pigmentosa in a consanguineous Israeli Muslim Arab family?
### Response:
| To date, 22 distinct pathogenic mutations of TULP1 have been reported in patients with early-onset RP or Leber congenital amaurosis. Here we report a novel splice-site mutation of TULP1, c.1495+2_1495+3insT, underlying autosomal recessive early-onset RP in a consanguineous Israeli Muslim Arab family. This report expands the spectrum of pathogenic mutations of the TULP1 gene. |
### Instruction:
Do cone and rod cells have different target preferences in vitro as revealed by optical tweezers?
### Response:
| Cone cells preferred normal partners, and rod cells preferred novel partners. These intrinsic preferences indicate that adult nerve cells can have differing capacities for targeting even if they come from the same cell class. Further,these differences may help explain the patterns of photoreceptor sprouting seen in retinal degeneration in which rod, but not cone, cells invade the inner retinal layers where third-order neurons are located. |
### Instruction:
Are stem-cell-abundant proteins Nanog , Nucleostemin and Musashi1 highly expressed in malignant cervical epithelial cells?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate that Nanog, NS and Msi1 may be involved in carcinogenesis of the cervix and progression of cervical carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Do low circulating insulin-like growth factor I bioactivity in elderly men is associated with increased mortality?
### Response:
| Our study suggests that a relatively high circulating IGF-I bioactivity in elderly men is associated with extended survival and with reduced cardiovascular risk. |
### Instruction:
Does desflurane preconditioning inhibit endothelial nuclear factor-kappa-B activation by targeting the proximal end of tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that the molecular target of desflurane in the NF-kappaB pathway is upstream of IKK activation. The abundance of TNF-R1 on the cell membrane is not affected by anesthetic preconditioning. We suggest that desflurane preconditioning targets the proximal end of TNF-alpha signaling. |
### Instruction:
Does mucosal administration of alpha-fodrin inhibit experimental Sjögren 's syndrome autoimmunity?
### Response:
| Mucosal administration of alpha-fodrin effectively inhibited the progression of experimental Sjögren's syndrome autoimmunity. |
### Instruction:
Is thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with a high relapse rate after plasma exchange : a single-centre experience?
### Response:
| Our results indicate the need for better treatments to reduce the high early relapse rate and significant mortality associated with current therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is beta-glycoglycosphingolipid-induced augmentation of the anti-HBV immune response associated with altered CD8 and NKT lymphocyte distribution : a novel adjuvant for HBV vaccination?
### Response:
| In summary, beta-glycosphingolipids increased the anti-HBV immune response in association with an altered NKT and CD8 lymphocyte distribution, making beta-glycosphingolipids potential potent adjuvants for overcoming non-responsiveness to HBV vaccination and augmenting the anti-viral immune response. |
### Instruction:
Is interleukin-10 gene polymorphism associated with alcoholism but not with alcoholic liver disease?
### Response:
| The -592C>A IL10 polymorphism is not related to the risk of ALC. Nevertheless, our study shows that alcoholism is associated with an excess of allele A carriers in alcoholic patients. |
### Instruction:
Do high prevalence of hearing disorders at the Special Olympics indicate need to screen persons with intellectual disability?
### Response:
| The screening reliably detects hearing disorders among persons with ID. The prevalence of hearing impairment in this population is considerably higher than in the general population, and the proportion of undetected hearing impairments is large, even among people with only mild and moderate ID, as examined in this study. Therefore, a screening is highly recommended, and special attention from caregivers and professionals as well as regular hearing assessment and standard therapy programmes are required for persons with ID. |
### Instruction:
Does body size affect measures of ovarian reserve in late reproductive age women?
### Response:
| Although antral follicle count did not differ by body size, antimullerian hormone was lower in obese compared with normal weight late reproductive age women. These data suggest that lower antimullerian hormone levels in obese late reproductive age women result from physiologic processes other than decreased ovarian reserve. |
### Instruction:
Does patient gender affect skin cancer screening practices and attitudes among veterans?
### Response:
| We found low rates of SCS in both male and female veterans in different clinic settings at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Female veterans are less likely to report undergoing FBSE and more likely than male veterans to perform self-examination for skin cancer, to report embarrassment with FBSE, and refuse FBSE if the examining physician is of the opposite gender. |
### Instruction:
Does c-reactive protein inhibit endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-mediated dilation of retinal arterioles via enhanced superoxide production?
### Response:
| CRP inhibits endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilation in retinal arterioles by producing superoxide from NAD(P)H oxidase, which appears to be linked with p38 kinase and RhoA/Rho-kinase activation. By impairing endothelium-dependent NO-mediated vasoreactivity, CRP can potentially facilitate the development of retinal vascular diseases. In addition, statins are beneficial by preserving endothelial function, possibly through inactivation of the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does celecoxib inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in an orthotopic implantation tumor model of human colon cancer?
### Response:
| By inhibiting COX-2, PGE(2) synthesis, and VEGF and MMP-2 mRNA expression in tumor tissue, celecoxib enhances tumor cell apoptosis, thereby inhibiting the growth and angiogenesis of orthotopically implanted tumors in a mouse model of human colorectal cancer. |
### Instruction:
Do apical microleakage of primary teeth root canal filling materials?
### Response:
| All the resorbable root canal filling materials used in primary teeth showed apical leakage. The highest apical leakage was recorded for ZOE, while Vitapex showed minimum dye leakage. |
### Instruction:
Is increased cell senescence associated with decreased cell proliferation in vivo in the degenerating human annulus?
### Response:
| Because senescent cells cannot divide, senescence may reduce the disc's ability to generate new cells to replace cells lost to necrosis or apoptosis. Senescent cells also accumulate in the disc over time, such that their metabolic patterns may contribute to the pathologic changes seen in degenerating discs. Novel data presented here show a significant negative correlation between the percentage of senescent cells and the percentage of proliferating cells during disc degeneration. Molecular work is underway in our lab to help us determine whether senescent cells in the disc secrete factors that can result in decreased proliferation in neighboring cells. |
### Instruction:
Are gABAergic mechanisms involved in the antihyperalgesic effects of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine in a rat model of inflammatory hyperalgesia?
### Response:
| These results indicate that the antihyperalgesic effects of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine against inflammatory hyperalgesia involve in part the GABAergic inhibitory modulation of pain transmission at central, but not at peripheral sites, which is mediated via GABA(A) receptor activation. |
### Instruction:
Are mutations in the insulin-like factor 3 receptor associated with osteoporosis?
### Response:
| This study suggests for the first time a role for INSL3/RXFP2 signaling in bone metabolism and links RXFP2 gene mutations with human osteoporosis. |
### Instruction:
Does rANKL inhibition with osteoprotegerin increase bone strength by improving cortical and trabecular bone architecture in ovariectomized rats?
### Response:
| OPG treatment prevented bone loss, preserved trabecular architecture, and increased cortical area and bone strength in OVX rats. |
### Instruction:
Is quality of life impaired in patients with peristomal bulging of a sigmoid colostomy?
### Response:
| QoL evaluated with a general and disease-specific instrument (SHS) was significantly impaired in patients with bulging around a sigmoidostomy. The Stoma-QoL questionnaire showed a small but statistically significant difference between patients with and those without bulging but the clinical significance is uncertain. Further studies are required to evaluate the role of some of the individual items in the Stoma-QoL questionnaire. |
### Instruction:
Does ultrasound guidance improve the success of sciatic nerve block at the popliteal fossa?
### Response:
| Ultrasound guidance enhances the quality of popliteal sciatic nerve block compared with single injection, nerve stimulator-guided block using either a tibial or peroneal endpoint. Ultrasound guidance resulted in higher success, faster onset, and progression of sensorimotor block, without an increase in block procedure time, or complications. |
### Instruction:
Is microRNA profiling in hepatocellular tumors associated with clinical features and oncogene/tumor suppressor gene mutations?
### Response:
| Hepatocellular tumors may have a distinct miRNA expression fingerprint according to malignancy, risk factors, and oncogene/tumor suppressor gene alterations. Dissecting these relationships provides a new hypothesis to understand the functional impact of miRNA deregulation in liver tumorigenesis and the promising use of miRNAs as diagnostic markers. |
### Instruction:
Is socio-economic status inversely related to bed net use in Gabon?
### Response:
| Among the poorest families in Lambaréné the coverage with untreated nets (UTNs) is the highest, but the condition of these UTNs is the worst. To achieve a broad implementation of ITNs in Lambaréné, there is an urgent need for educational programmes as well as need-tailored marketing strategies for ITNs. |
### Instruction:
Does dietary lipid intake influence the level of cholesterol bound to haemoglobin in human erythrocytes?
### Response:
| High consumption of dietary lipids, including saturated fat and cholesterol, has an important influence on the level of Hb-Ch in human erythrocytes. |
### Instruction:
Do acute kidney injury criteria predict outcomes of critically ill patients?
### Response:
| The Acute Kidney Injury Network definition of acute kidney injury predicts hospital mortality, need for renal replacement therapy, and prolonged hospital stay in critically ill patients. An increment of serum creatinine > or = 0.3 mg/dL in 48 hrs alone predicts clinical outcomes as well as the full Acute Kidney Injury Network definition. |
### Instruction:
Does prokineticin receptor-1 induce neovascularization and epicardial-derived progenitor cell differentiation?
### Response:
| Cardiomyocyte-PKR1 signaling upregulates its own ligand prokineticin-2 that acts as a paracrine factor, triggering EPDCs proliferation/differentiation. This study provides a novel insight for possible therapeutic strategies aiming at restoring pluripotency of adult EPDCs to promote neovasculogenesis by induction of cardiomyocyte PKR1 signaling. |
### Instruction:
Does photo-induced hydrophilicity enhance initial cell behavior and early bone apposition?
### Response:
| The photo-induced hydrophilic surface used in the current study improves the initial cell reactions and enhances early bone apposition to the implant. |
### Instruction:
Is diabetic retinopathy associated with pulse wave velocity , not with the augmentation index of pulse waveform?
### Response:
| BaPWV is associated with diabetic retinopathy, but AI is not. The clinical significance appears to be different between PWV and AI in patients with diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Are patient expectations always the same?
### Response:
| The factorial structure of expectations varied, indicating that expectations are not homogeneous in all clinical situations. The desire of the patient to participate in decision-making also differs according to the type of health problem. |
### Instruction:
Is alcohol dependence associated with reduced plasma and fundic ghrelin levels?
### Response:
| Alcoholism was associated with decreased plasma ghrelin levels partly due to reduced ghrelin production in the stomach. Alcohol affected ghrelin production on the post-transcriptional level in the fundus, whereas duodenal ghrelin secretion did not respond in a similar manner to alcohol intake. |
### Instruction:
Does in vivo result for interstitial laser application in thyroid gland?
### Response:
| Interstitial thyroid ablation using a Nd:YAG laser is a minimal invasive, safe and effective procedure. Further evaluation including long term follow-up in humans is needed to confirm these results. |
### Instruction:
Do adult attachment and social support interact to reduce psychological but not cortisol responses to stress?
### Response:
| This first study on the interaction of adult attachment and social support in terms of psychological and endocrine stress responses concurs with previous studies suggesting an important protective role of attachment for psychological stress responsiveness. However, attachment did not directly moderate cortisol responses to acute stress. |
### Instruction:
Does traditional Chinese drug ShuXueTong facilitate angiogenesis during wound healing following traumatic brain injury?
### Response:
| The mechanism of the therapeutic effect of ShuXueTong on traumatic brain injury lies at least partly in the enhanced angiogenesis in the lesion. |
### Instruction:
Do a distinct cohort of the TGFbeta superfamily members expressed in human endometrium regulate decidualization?
### Response:
| Like activin, BMP2 and TGFbeta1 are likely to be involved in HESC decidualization. This is the first study to identify and localize BMP4, BMP7, GDF5, GDF8 and GDF11 in secretory phase human endometrium. Understanding the factors critical for the implantation process is needed for improving fertility and pregnancy outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Do truncated power laws reveal a link between low-level behavioral processes and grouping patterns in a colonial bird?
### Response:
| Appropriate analysis of the scaling properties of grouping patterns has unraveled the link between local agonistic processes and large-scale (population) grouping patterns in a wild bird population. |
### Instruction:
Is antihypertensive drug guanabenz active in vivo against both yeast and mammalian prions?
### Response:
| GA thus adds to the short list of compounds active in vivo in animal models for the treatment of prion-based diseases. Because it has been administrated for many years to treat hypertension on a daily basis, without major side-effects, our results suggest that it could be evaluated in human as a potential treatment for prion-based diseases. |
### Instruction:
Do distinct haptic cues reduce interference when learning to reach in multiple force fields?
### Response:
| These results suggest that in the context of the present learning paradigm, haptic cues on their own are not sufficient to reduce interference and promote learning multiple force fields. |
### Instruction:
Do serum antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis chaperone HtpG predict health in periodontitis susceptible patients?
### Response:
| OUR RESULTS SUGGEST: 1) anti-P. gingivalis HtpG antibodies are protective and therefore predict health periodontitis-susceptable patients; 2) may augment the host defence to periodontitis and 3) a unique peptide of P. gingivalis HtpG offers significant potential as an effective diagnostic target and vaccine candidate. These results are compatible with a novel immune control mechanism unrelated to direct binding of bacteria. |
### Instruction:
Is bothrops protease A , a unique highly glycosylated serine proteinase , a potent , specific fibrinogenolytic agent?
### Response:
| To the best of our knowledge, this investigation underscores a new, thermostable, specific defibrinogenating agent that may have an application in the prevention of thrombus formation. |
### Instruction:
Does platelet-delivered factor VIII provide limited resistance to anti-factor VIII inhibitors?
### Response:
| In FVIII(null) mice, pFVIII provides improved, but limited, protection in the presence of inhibitors of approximately 6-fold greater Bethesda Units per mL relative to infused FVIII. Our findings differ from a recent report using a tail-clip exsanguination assay on the degree of efficacy of pFVIII in the presence of inhibitors. We propose that this difference in outcome is as a result of the sensitivity of the tail-vein exsanguination model to low levels of pFVIII. |
### Instruction:
Are endothelial dysfunction and carotid lesions strong predictors of clinical events in patients with early stages of atherosclerosis : a 24-month follow-up study?
### Response:
| In this study, endothelial dysfunction and carotid lesions significantly increased the risk of vascular events in asymptomatic patients with early stages of atherosclerosis. Assessment of systemic vasoreactivity and carotid IMT evaluation may provide, in this category of patients, important prognostic information in addition to that derived from traditional established cardiovascular risk factors. |
### Instruction:
Does elevated body mass index ( BMI ) adversely affect in vitro fertilization outcome in young women?
### Response:
| Obesity in young women does not adversely affect clinical pregnancy rates in patients treated with in vitro fertilization. |
### Instruction:
Does vascular endothelial growth factor attenuate hepatic sinusoidal capillarization in thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic rats?
### Response:
| Injection of a plasmid encoding VEGF through the portal vein is an effective method to induce the formation of fenestrae and decrease portal vein pressure in cirrhotic rats. Therefore, it may be a good choice for treating hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Does insulin-like growth factor I improve aspects of mycophenolate mofetil-impaired anastomotic healing in an experimental model?
### Response:
| Exogenous IGF-I improves some aspects of MMF-impaired anastomotic healing. |
### Instruction:
Is impairment of glucose metabolism in mice induced by dietary oxidized frying oil different from that induced by conjugated linoleic acid?
### Response:
| The impaired glucose metabolism resulting from OFO feeding is not related to CLA. In contrast to the hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance induced by the CLA diet, the OFO diet-induced glucose intolerance is mediated by impairment of insulin secretion. |
### Instruction:
Does catechol-O-methyltransferase contribute to genetic susceptibility shared among anxiety spectrum phenotypes?
### Response:
| Variations in the COMT gene contribute to genetic risk shared across a range of anxiety-related phenotypes. |
### Instruction:
Do serum markers support disease-specific glial pathology in major depression?
### Response:
| As the study measured only serum S100B, future (cell culture) studies have to elucidate molecular mechanisms of this protein in mood disorders. Moreover, results have to be replicated in a larger patient group. |
### Instruction:
Does n-acetylcysteine derivative inhibit CD40-dependent proinflammatory properties of human pancreatic duct cells?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that Nacystelyn could be considered as a useful tool to prevent immune and inflammatory responses in pancreatic disorders by interfering with the CD40 pathway in pancreatic duct cells. |
### Instruction:
Do high levels of endogenous tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand expression correlate with increased cell death in human pancreas?
### Response:
| Although the expression of TRAIL decoy receptors might be necessary for defense from TRAIL-induced apoptosis, high levels of TRAIL may provide protection for Langerhans islets from the immunological attack of cytotoxic T cells. |
### Instruction:
Are methylation alterations a major cause of PTTG1 misregulation?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that neither methylation alterations nor LOH are involved in PTTG1 over-expression. These data, together with those previously reported, point towards a post-transcriptional level of misregulation associated to PTTG1 over-expression. |
### Instruction:
Do combined pars plana vitrectomy and artificial iris diaphragm implant after globe rupture?
### Response:
| RD associated to GR carries a guarded prognosis both due to RD complexity and hypotony. The combined repair of RD and aniridia after GR offers the advantage of addressing all issues at one time allowing correct eye compartmentalization and better tamponade effect. Successful anatomical and functional results can be achieved although multiple surgeries are often needed. |
### Instruction:
Is hypoxia responsible for soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 ( VEGFR-1 ) but not for soluble endoglin induction in villous trophoblast?
### Response:
| Our results support the hypotheses that, in pre-eclampsia, (i) overproduction of VEGF family factors by pre-eclamptic placenta is a consequence of induced hypoxia; (ii) overproduction of sVEGFR-1 by hypoxic villous trophoblast accounts for maternal free VEGF depletion; (iii) low circulating level of free PlGF is not only related to sVEGFR-1 overproduction, but also to hypoxia-induced mRNA down-regulation; (iv) Eng is not modulated by hypoxia. |
### Instruction:
Is gene-load score of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system associated with coronary heart disease in familial hypercholesterolaemia?
### Response:
| Genetic variation in the RAAS contributes gene-dose dependently to CHD risk in patients with FH, whereas genetic variation in the adrenalin/noradrenalin system is not associated with CHD. |
### Instruction:
Does addition of epidermal growth factor improve the rate of sulfur mustard wound healing in an in vitro model?
### Response:
| EGF showed promise as a potential therapy for SM-induced wounds. This in vitro model was a valuable tool for screening therapeutics before animal testing. These results will be used to develop a dressing that can slowly release EGF on to a debrided wound bed to help speed the healing process. |
### Instruction:
Does detection of HBV core promoter and precore mutations help distinguish flares of chronic hepatitis from acute hepatitis B?
### Response:
| In patients with hepatitis B having ALT levels >500 IU/L, mutations in the core promoter and precore region are useful in distinguishing acute exacerbation of chronic from acute HBV infection. Detection of these mutations would be useful for commencing prompt antiviral treatments on patients with acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis for a better prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Does inactivation of parvovirus B19 during STIM-4 vapor heat treatment of three coagulation factor concentrate?
### Response:
| The newly demonstrated effective inactivation of B19V by vapor heating, in contrast to the earlier used animal parvoviruses, results in significant B19V safety margins for STIM-4-treated coagulation factor concentrates. |
### Instruction:
Do high serum levels of endothelin-1 predict severe cerebral edema in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with t-PA?
### Response:
| ET-1 serum levels >5.5 fmol/mL are associated with severe brain edema in acute stroke patients treated with t-PA. These results suggest that ET-1 may be a new diagnostic marker for development of severe brain edema in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with t-PA. |
### Instruction:
Is impact of posterior subcapsular opacification on vision and visual function among subjects undergoing cataract surgery in rural China : Study of Cataract Outcomes and Up-Take of Services ( SCOUTS ) in the Caring Hip Project , report 5?
### Response:
| The prevalence of PCO and impact on vision and visual function in this cohort was modest 1 year after surgery. However, PCO prevalence increases with time. Follow-up of this cohort is underway to determine the effectiveness of this early intervention in identifying and treating subjects who will eventually experience clinically significant PCO. |
### Instruction:
Is the circadian defect in plasma vasopressin and urine output related to desmopressin response and enuresis status in children with nocturnal enuresis?
### Response:
| In addition to providing further pathophysiological support for the role of a nocturnal arginine vasopressin deficiency behind nocturnal polyuria in a subset of patients with enuresis, the results emphasize the clinical value of estimating nocturnal urine production on wet nights before selecting a therapeutic modality. |
### Instruction:
Does the p.Val66Met polymorphism in the BDNF gene protect against early seizures in Rett syndrome?
### Response:
| Early onset of seizures is linked to the combined MECP2 and BDNF genotypes. The BDNF Met66 allele may protect against seizures, whereas missense mutations in the MBD of MECP2 are more frequently associated with early seizures. |
### Instruction:
Is the baseline ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes associated with patient prognosis in advanced gastric cancer?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the N/L ratio is an independent prognostic factor in advanced gastric cancer. Measurement of this ratio may serve as a clinically accessible and useful biomarker for patient survival. |
### Instruction:
Is the tachykinin receptor 3 associated with alcohol and cocaine dependence?
### Response:
| These results indicate that sequence variations in TACR3 contribute to the variation in more severe alcohol dependent individuals and those who are also cocaine dependent. |
### Instruction:
Does ethanol enhance GABAergic transmission onto dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the rat?
### Response:
| The present results indicate that ethanol increases postsynaptic GABA(A) receptor sensitivity, enhances action potential-independent GABA release onto VTA-DA neurons, and that this latter effect is independent of GABA(B) auto-receptor inhibition of GABA release. |
### Instruction:
Do different curcuminoids inhibit T-lymphocyte proliferation independently of their radical scavenging activities?
### Response:
| Curcuminoid-induced inhibition of OKT3-induced PBMC proliferation depends on the number of carbon atoms and double bonds of the 1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione structure as well as on the phenolic ring substitutes of the curcuminoids but is not correlated to their respective radical scavenging activity. |
### Instruction:
Does corn oil enhancing hepatic lipid peroxidation induced by CCl4 aggravate liver fibrosis in rats?
### Response:
| corn oil enriches polyunsaturated fatty acids through COX-2 independent pathways to increase LPO products that do not enhance liver fibrosis induced by CCl4. |
### Instruction:
Is impaired erythropoiesis after haemorrhagic shock in mice associated with erythroid progenitor apoptosis in vivo?
### Response:
| Despite the massive EPO response and up-regulation of EPO-R, BM erythroblasts (EBs) decreased. This could be due to deficient maturation of erythroid progenitors. Furthermore, the increased intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis activation suggests programmed death of erythroid progenitors. We propose that both apoptosis and negatively regulated erythropoiesis contribute to BM dysfunction, while erythroid progenitor egress plays an additional role. |
### Instruction:
Does preoperative assessment enable the early diagnosis and successful treatment of lymphedema?
### Response:
| A short trial of compression garments effectively treated subclinical LE. |
### Instruction:
Does filamentous middle cerebral artery occlusion cause ischemic damage to the retina in mice?
### Response:
| Sixty minutes fMCAO produces retinal injury in SV129EV mice. Potential visual dysfunction should be considered when a particular occlusion period is selected for studying neurological outcomes after fMCAO. Because visual disturbance is often associated with thrombotic/embolic stroke in humans, fMCAO represents an appropriate model for future studies aimed at understanding and ameliorating the changes that lead to retinal damage in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Does integration across Time determine Path Deviation Discrimination for Moving Objects?
### Response:
| Human vision has long been known to integrate information across space in order to solve spatial tasks such as judgment of orientation or position. Here we demonstrate an intriguing mechanism which integrates direction information across time in order to optimize the judgment of path deviation for moving objects. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of mammaglobins A and B in nasal polyps similar in patients with and without allergic rhinitis?
### Response:
| Expression levels of mammaglobins A and B in nasal polyps are not different between patients with and without AR. Our findings suggest that mammaglobins' implication in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps is independent of an underlying AR. |
### Instruction:
Is small fetal abdominal circumference in the second trimester and subsequent low maternal plasma glucose after a glucose challenge test associated with the delivery of a small-for-gestational age neonate?
### Response:
| Small AC on routine second-trimester anomaly sonogram should trigger a closer evaluation of maternal GCT. If the GCT is also low, more intensive surveillance for the possible development of a SGA infant is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Does initial intramuscular perfusion pressure predict early skeletal muscle function following isolated tibial fractures?
### Response:
| The functional relationship between the decrease in intramuscular perfusion pressures and muscle performance in the early rehabilitation period indicate a causative and prognostic role of early posttraumatic microcirculatory derangements and skeletal muscle function. Therapeutic concepts aimed at effective muscle recovery, early rehabilitation, and decreased secondary tissue damage, should consider the maintenance of an adequate intramuscular perfusion pressure. |
### Instruction:
Is ornithine-delta-aminotransferase essential for arginine catabolism but not for proline biosynthesis?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate that deltaOAT feeds P5C exclusively into the catabolic branch of Pro metabolism, which yields Glu as an end product. Conversion of Orn to Glu is an essential route for recovery of nitrogen stored or transported as Arg. Pro biosynthesis occurs predominantly or exclusively via the Glu pathway in Arabidopsis and does not depend on Glu produced by Arg and Orn catabolism. |
### Instruction:
Is hepatocellular carcinoma associated with an increased risk of hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation?
### Response:
| The associations of HCC pre-OLT, and HCC recurrence with HBV recurrence post-OLT, and the detection of HBV DNA and cccDNA in HCC suggest that HBV replication in tumor cells may contribute to HBV recurrence post-OLT. |
### Instruction:
Does drinking-water arsenic exposure modulate gene expression in human lymphocytes from a U.S. population?
### Response:
| These findings define biologic changes that occur with chronic arsenic exposure in humans and provide leads and potential targets for understanding and monitoring the pathogenesis of arsenic-induced diseases. |
### Instruction:
Is the presence of Rickettsia associated with increased susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci ( Homoptera : Aleyrodidae ) to insecticides?
### Response:
| Findings indicate that the infection status of B. tabaci populations by Rickettsia is an important consideration that should be taken into account when performing resistance monitoring studies, and may help in understanding the dynamics of B. tabaci resistance, symbiont-pest associations in agricultural systems and the biological impact of Rickettsia on whitefly biology. |
### Instruction:
Is the metabolic syndrome associated with circulating adipokines in older adults across a wide range of adiposity?
### Response:
| The metabolic syndrome is associated with adipokines in older adults across a wide range of adiposity, including in those with low or normal overall fatness. |
### Instruction:
Does subthalamic nucleus stimulation modulate audiospinal reactions in Parkinson disease?
### Response:
| High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus alters the excitability of the brainstem startle system in Parkinson disease, most likely by releasing the reticular motor system from abnormal descending input of the basal ganglia via pallidotegmental pathways. |
### Instruction:
Is tIRAP ( MAL ) S180L polymorphism a common protective factor against developing tuberculosis and systemic lupus erythematosus?
### Response:
| These results support the influence of TIRAP (MAL) S180L polymorphism on TB and indicate that TB and SLE might share a common immunogenetic pathway in the innate immune response. |
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