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### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of bipolar I disorder among adults with primary youth-onset anxiety disorders?
### Response:
| The prevalence of BD was elevated among subjects with youth-onset primary anxiety disorders, particularly if comorbid conduct disorder was present. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings prospectively, and to develop preventive strategies for populations at risk. |
### Instruction:
Is insulin resistance associated with circulating fibrinogen levels in nondiabetic patients receiving peritoneal dialysis?
### Response:
| Patients receiving PD demonstrate a state of IR that is associated with high circulating levels of fibrinogen. This suggests that hyperfibrinogenemia may be involved in the pathogenesis of IR in this setting. |
### Instruction:
Do hER-2 protein concentrations in breast cancer cells increase before immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis turn positive?
### Response:
| Detection of HER-2 overexpression by measuring HER-2 in tissue extracts by ELISA seems to be more sensitive than IHC and FISH. This suggests that some patients deprived of Herceptin treatment may benefit from this treatment and may also explain the conversion phenomenon from HER-2-negative to HER-2-positive observed in relapse and metastatic disease. |
### Instruction:
Does continuous intracranial administration of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid ( SAHA ) inhibit tumor growth in an orthotopic glioma model?
### Response:
| These results suggest that local delivery with SAHA inhibits intracranial glioma growth in vitro and in vivo. SAHA is a promising candidate for further preclinical and clinical studies on glial tumors. |
### Instruction:
Does resistance to phenobarbital extend to phenytoin in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy?
### Response:
| The AED-resistant rats of our model meet the definition of pharmacoresistance in animal models, that is, persistent seizure activity not responding to at least two AEDs at maximum tolerated doses. This new model of pharmacoresistant TLE may be useful in the targeted development of new therapies for refractory epilepsy. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Titanium-coated silicone effective for preventing graft infection ]?
### Response:
| The titanium-coated silicone grafts were not effective in protecting infection in vivo. The decreased tissue integration of titanium-coated grafts, however, might reduce the rate of capsular contracture. This potential advantage of titanium needs to be validated in controlled clinical trials. |
### Instruction:
Does subcutaneous administration of lactone form of simvastatin stimulate ectopic osteoinduction by rhBMP-2?
### Response:
| Subcutaneous administration of SV stimulates ectopic osteoinduction by rhBMP-2 through reduction of bone turnover. |
### Instruction:
Does prone mammoPET acquisition improve the ability to fuse MRI and PET breast scans?
### Response:
| PET MRI fusion is feasible and may assist in localizing lesions detected on either study. A more extensive study is underway to confirm the value of this fusion technique. |
### Instruction:
Do gender differences in health-related quality of life following ST-elevation myocardial infarction : women and men benefit from primary percutaneous coronary intervention to the same degree?
### Response:
| Compared to fibrinolysis treatment in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, women do not seem to benefit from primary PCI to the same degree as men. Since previous studies have found no gender differences in clinical outcomes, this result may be specific to HRQoL. |
### Instruction:
Do antisense oligonucleotides targeting midkine inhibit tumor growth in an in situ human hepatocellular carcinoma model?
### Response:
| These results demonstrated that MK-AS was an effective antitumor antisense oligonucleotide in vivo in mice; its antitumor effect is associated with the increase of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as p53, Bax, and caspase-3, and the decrease of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2. |
### Instruction:
Is willingness to use microbicides affected by the importance of product characteristics , use parameters , and protective properties?
### Response:
| Formulation and use characteristics and product function(s) affect willingness to use microbicides and should continue to be addressed in product development. The IMC instrument serves as a template for future studies of candidate microbicides. |
### Instruction:
Do cerebrospinal fluid viral loads reach less than 2 copies/ml in HIV-1-infected patients with effective antiretroviral therapy?
### Response:
| We could not demonstrate any persistent viral replication in the CSF of neurologically asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients on effective HAART, rendering it unlikely that CSF acts as a viral reservoir in this category of patients. |
### Instruction:
Is sustained virological response following HCV therapy associated with non-progression of liver fibrosis in HCV/HIV-coinfected patients?
### Response:
| SVR after HCV therapy is associated with non-progression of liver fibrosis in HCV/HIV-coinfected patients, although this benefit may not be universal and improvement only been recognizable after several years of follow-up. |
### Instruction:
Do gAD autoantibody affinity and epitope specificity identify distinct immunization profiles in children at risk for type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| Children develop discrete, heterogeneous antibody responses to GAD that could arise from distinct immunization events, only some of which are diabetes relevant. Subtyping the GADA responses using affinity measurement will improve type 1 diabetes risk assessment. |
### Instruction:
Is coronary microvascular reactivity only partially predicted by atherosclerosis risk factors or coronary artery disease in women evaluated for suspected ischemia : results from the NHLBI Women 's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation ( WISE )?
### Response:
| Among women with suspected ischemia, risk factors account for <20% of observed variability in CFVR(Ado). Therefore, other as yet unidentified factors must primarily account for coronary microvascular reactivity to adenosine. |
### Instruction:
Does high-dose morphine impair vascular endothelial function by increased production of superoxide anions?
### Response:
| Collectively, the authors' results showed that high-dose morphine impairs vascular endothelial function via attenuation of biologic activity of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Chemical antagonism between superoxide anions generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases may be the molecular mechanism responsible for the inactivation of endogenous nitric oxide after treatment with high-dose morphine. |
### Instruction:
Does beta-blocker therapy induce ventricular resynchronization in dilated cardiomyopathy with narrow QRS complex?
### Response:
| The use of carvedilol improves contractile function and dyssynchrony in heart failure patients with normal QRS. |
### Instruction:
Is downregulation of cell cycle modulators p21 , p27 , p53 , Rb and proapoptotic Bcl-2-related proteins Bax and Bak in cutaneous melanoma associated with worse patient prognosis : preliminary findings?
### Response:
| Our study showed that the downregulation of the markers associated with cell cycle control and apoptosis is of great value in predicting malignant transformation and in assessing the risk of metastases development for 10-year follow-up period. |
### Instruction:
Does intranasal Helicobacter pylori colonization correlate with the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis?
### Response:
| Intranasal HP was more prevalent in patients with CRS than healthy controls. However, there was no significant correlation observed between the severity of sinusitis and intranasal HP colonization. |
### Instruction:
Is feline aminopeptidase N a functional receptor for avian infectious bronchitis virus?
### Response:
| We conclude that fAPN is not a functional receptor for IBV, the identity of which is currently under investigation. |
### Instruction:
Does staphylococcus aureus protein A trigger T cell-independent B cell proliferation by sensitizing B cells for TLR2 ligands?
### Response:
| S. aureus triggers B cell activation via SpA-induced sensitization of B cells for TLR2-active LP. Combined SpA and TLR2-mediated B cell activation promotes B cell proliferation but fails to induce polyclonal IgM secretion as seen after TLR7 and TLR9 ligation. |
### Instruction:
Are all-cause and cause-specific mortality in rheumatoid arthritis greater than expected when treated with tumour necrosis factor antagonists?
### Response:
| Morbidity, other than infection, and mortality are not higher than expected in patients with RA treated with TNF antagonists. |
### Instruction:
Does clonidine reduce the excitability of spinal dorsal horn neurones?
### Response:
| Clonidine suppresses the generation of action potentials in tonic-firing spinal dorsal horn neurones. This may be explained, in part, by an interaction with voltage-gated Na(+) and K(+) currents. Clonidine could therefore contribute to analgesia during local anaesthesia. |
### Instruction:
Does local adaptation enhance seedling recruitment along an altitudinal gradient in a high mountain mediterranean plant?
### Response:
| The local adaptation acting on seedling emergence and survival favours the persistence of remnant populations on the altitudinal and latitudinal margins of mountain species. In a global warming context, such processes may help to counteract the contraction of this species' ranges and the consequent loss of habitat area. |
### Instruction:
Does genetic testing improve the diagnosis of adult type hypolactasia in the Mediterranean population of Sardinia?
### Response:
| Sardinians, unlike some ethnic groups in sub-Saharan Africa, show the same genetic association of hypolactasia with the C/T-13910 variant as other North-European populations. The genetic testing for the C/T-13910 variant may contribute to improving the diagnosis of adult type hypolactasia. |
### Instruction:
Does a common SCN5A variant alter the responsiveness of human sodium channels to class I antiarrhythmic agents?
### Response:
| A common SCN5A polymorphism, S524Y, can enhance a use-dependent block by class Ia and Ic antiarrhythmic agents. Our findings may have clinical implications in pharmacological management of cardiac arrhythmias since this common SCN5A polymorphism might be a contributing factor to the variable antiarrhythmic response. |
### Instruction:
Does dual endothelin receptor blockade acutely improve insulin sensitivity in obese patients with insulin resistance and coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| Dual ET(A)+ET(B) receptor blockade acutely enhances insulin sensitivity in patients with insulin resistance and coronary artery disease, indicating an important role for endogenous ET-1. |
### Instruction:
Is memory bias in health anxiety related to the emotional valence of health-related words?
### Response:
| Emotional evaluations speed the recognition of health words for high health anxious individuals. These findings are discussed with respect to the wider literature on cognitive processes in health anxiety, automatic processing, implicit attitudes, and emotions in decision making. |
### Instruction:
Are interleukin-24 , RANTES and CCR5 gene polymorphisms associated with chronic adult periodontitis?
### Response:
| The interleukin-24, RANTES and CCR5 polymorphisms investigated are not associated with chronic periodontitis. |
### Instruction:
Does enamel matrix derivative stimulate chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells?
### Response:
| Our study provides clear evidence that enamel matrix derivative promotes chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. |
### Instruction:
Is the use of intravenous catheterisation with a rest period useful for determination of plasma cortisol levels but not plasma prolactin levels?
### Response:
| These results don't justify intravenous catheterisation with a rest period for plasma prolactin determination in contrast with plasma cortisol determination. |
### Instruction:
Are phospholamban and sarcolipin maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum by retrieval from the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment?
### Response:
| Phospholamban and sarcolipin are maintained in the SR/ER by a process that includes their retrieval from the ERGIC following their passage from the SR/ER into the ERGIC. The transmembrane domains of phospholamban and sarcolipin are involved in the retrieval process. |
### Instruction:
Do workers of a drywood termite work?
### Response:
| Thus, in contrast to general perception where termite workers are considered equivalent to workers in Hymenoptera, the 'large immatures' of C. secundus did not behave as workers that help in raising younger siblings. This apparently is not necessary as the colony lives inside its food. These results, which are likely to be typical for wood-dwelling termites, open the possibility that large complex group living can evolve without altruistic helping and that costly altruistic helping by workers in termites evolved only as a second step. |
### Instruction:
Do corrective measures for compromised oxygen delivery during endotracheal tube cuff deflation with high-frequency percussive ventilation?
### Response:
| Cuff-deflation-associated F(IO2), P(aw), and pulsatile V(T) compromise can be partially corrected by any of the 4 methods we studied. Injecting supplemental oxygen at the inspiratory fail-safe valve is the most effective method. |
### Instruction:
Is degradation of the LDL receptors by PCSK9 mediated by a secreted protein acted upon by PCSK9 extracellularly?
### Response:
| Degradation of the LDLR by PCSK9 is not mediated by a secreted protein acted upon by PCSK9 extracellularly. Also the PCSK9-mediated degradation of the LDLR does not take place on the cell surface. Rather, the PCSK9-mediated degradation of the LDLR appears to take place intracellularly and occurs even when endocytosis through clathrin-coated pits is blocked by hypertonic medium. |
### Instruction:
Does a recombinase system facilitate cloning of expression cassettes in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila?
### Response:
| The Cre dependent recombinase system in combination with the modular structure of the donor vectors ease cloning and expression of foreign genes in the ciliate system, providing a powerful tool for protistology research in future. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term performance of coronary sinus lead used for cardiac resynchronization therapy?
### Response:
| At long-term follow-up, a significant increase in the energy required for stimulation was observed, whereas sensing performance remained unchanged. The increase in energy capture threshold was less marked with bipolar than with unipolar leads. |
### Instruction:
Are ets-2 and C/EBP-beta important mediators of ovine trophoblast Kunitz domain protein-1 gene expression in trophoblast?
### Response:
| This paper demonstrates how Ets-2, a key transcription factor for trophoblast differentiation and function, can control expression of two genes (Tkdp-1 and IFNT) having similar spatial and temporal expression patterns via very different mechanisms. |
### Instruction:
Is full length Bid sufficient to induce apoptosis of cultured rat hippocampal neurons?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that translocation of FL-Bid is sufficient for the activation of mitochondrial cell death pathways in response to glutamate receptor overactivation. |
### Instruction:
Does heart rate turbulence after atrial premature complexes depend on coupling interval and atrioventricular nodal conduction?
### Response:
| The early phase of HRT is strongly influenced by the coupling interval of APCs, independently of the prematurity of conducted ventricular complexes. Consequently, the more positive TO preceding spontaneous atrial fibrillation episodes might be an epiphenomenon of incidental short-coupled APCs with delayed AV conduction, likely to trigger atrial fibrillation. |
### Instruction:
Do low doses of intracoronary enalaprilat suppress reperfusion-associated ventricular arrhythmias after primary percutaneous coronary interventions for acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Compared with PL, i.c. EN significantly lowered the incidence of reperfusion-associated VA. This previously unrecognized antiarrhythmic effect might be an important therapeutic benefit conferred by ACE inhibitors, beyond limitation of infarct size. |
### Instruction:
Does pdx-1 modulate histone H4 acetylation and insulin gene expression in terminally differentiated alpha-TC-1 cells?
### Response:
| Collectively, these experiments revealed that Pdx-1 is a potent transcriptional regulator that is capable of modulating histone H4 acetylation and activates the insulin gene in a terminally differentiated glucagonoma cell line. |
### Instruction:
Do a prospective study of tobacco and alcohol use as risk factors for pharyngeal carcinomas in Singapore Chinese?
### Response:
| Smoking and alcohol influenced the risk of NPC and other oropharyngeal carcinomas differently in a high-incidence NPC population. Long-term smoking was a risk factor for NPC, but alcohol consumption was not. |
### Instruction:
Does dietary probucol preserve endothelium-dependent relaxation of arteriovenous fistula in hypercholesterolemic rabbits?
### Response:
| Cholesterol can limit EDR of AVF and produce vulnerability to early occlusion and thrombosis. Probucol supplement under hyperlipidemia status preserves EDR and not endothelium-independent relaxation. |
### Instruction:
Are ribonucleotide reductase subunits M2 and p53R2 potential biomarkers for metastasis of colon cancer?
### Response:
| The expression level of ribonucleotide reductase small subunits could serve as biomarkers to predict the malignancy potential of human cancers in the future. |
### Instruction:
Is sphingosylphosphorylcholine-induced interleukin-6 production mediated by protein kinase C and p42/44 extracellular signal-regulated kinase in human dermal fibroblasts?
### Response:
| These results suggest that SPC-induced IL-6 production is mediated by PKC-dependent p42/44 ERK activation in human dermal fibroblasts cultured in vitro. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-4 regulate proteoglycan-induced arthritis by specifically suppressing the innate immune response?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that IL-4 functions as a major antiinflammatory cytokine in PGIA by governing the activity of macrophages/neutrophils and less so by controlling T cell activity and autoantibody isotype expression. |
### Instruction:
Is protective association of MTHFR polymorphism on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia modified by riboflavin status?
### Response:
| A further inactivation of polymorphic MTHFR by low riboflavin status and a resulting shift in the folate metabolic pathway toward DNA synthesis may explain these observations. The practical implications of this complex gene-nutrient-disease interaction will require further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Does the value of the Australian nutrition screening initiative for older australians -- result from a national survey?
### Response:
| These results suggest that because the ANSI may exaggerate the true extent of nutritional risk among community living older individuals it is of limited value as a screening tool per se. The future of the ANSI should be dependent on verifying its reliability as a public health measure. |
### Instruction:
Does reduced low-frequency heart rate variability relate to greater intimal-medial thickness of the carotid wall in two samples?
### Response:
| The mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear. The absence of difference in high-frequency variation questions any interpretation in terms of vagal function; the difference in low-frequency variation may implicate vessel wall characteristics or decreased sympathetic nervous system influence. |
### Instruction:
Does oral administration of an IL-10-secreting Lactococcus lactis strain prevent food-induced IgE sensitization?
### Response:
| These results suggest that a microorganism bioengineered to deliver IL-10 in the gut can decrease food-induced anaphylaxis and provide an option to prevent IgE-type sensitization to common food allergens. |
### Instruction:
Is loss of the alpha-isoform of calcineurin sufficient to induce nephrotoxicity and altered expression of transforming growth factor-beta?
### Response:
| Our data show that calcineurin-alpha is key to regulation of fibrosis and TGFbeta and loss of this isoform reproduces features of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. In addition, we show that upregulation of TGFbeta and fibronectin likely result from a shared mechanism, but changes in fibronectin expression are independent of TGFbeta in renal fibroblasts. |
### Instruction:
Is interleukin-4 inhibition of interleukin-1-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 ( MMP-3 ) independent of lipoxygenase and PPARgamma activation in human gingival fibroblasts?
### Response:
| IL-4 suppression of IL-1-induced MMP-3 expression in HGF is independent of lipoxygenase activity and activation of PPARgamma. Super-induction of MMP-3 by pioglitazone may have important implications for patients using pioglitazone to treat type II diabetes in the presence of chronic inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Does retinal nerve fibre thickness measured with optical coherence tomography accurately detect confirmed glaucomatous damage?
### Response:
| The OCT RNFL test accurately detects abnormal hemifields confirmed on both subjective and objective functional tests. Identifying abnormal hemifields with a criterion of 1 red (1%) or 2 yellow (5%) clock hours may prove useful in clinical practice. |
### Instruction:
Does 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ( 20-HETE ) stimulate migration of vascular smooth muscle cells?
### Response:
| 20-HETE stimulates PDGF-mediated VSM migration acting through pathways that involve MEK and PI3K. |
### Instruction:
Is duration of Parkinson disease associated with an increased propensity for `` reinvestment ''?
### Response:
| Participants appeared to become more aware of the mechanics of their actions over time. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed with reference to rehabilitation. |
### Instruction:
Does azelnidipine inhibit H2O2-induced cell death in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes?
### Response:
| Azelnidipine inhibited the H(2)O(2)-induced JNK activation and cardiac cell death. Azelnidipine may have cardioprotective effects against oxidative stress. |
### Instruction:
Does interatrial conduction measured during biventricular pacemaker implantation accurately predict optimal paced atrioventricular intervals?
### Response:
| The paced IACT has a strong correlation with the echo derived optimal PAV. This method may be used to program PAV intervals without need for echocardiography in patients undergoing BiV pacemaker implantation. |
### Instruction:
Does prolonged exposure to resistin inhibit glucose uptake in rat skeletal muscles?
### Response:
| Resistin regulated IRS-1 function and decreased GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in response to insulin. The downregulated expression of SNAP23 may have been partly attributed to the decrease of glucose uptake by resistin treatment. These observations highlight the potential role of resistin in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes related to obesity. |
### Instruction:
Does ceramide induce apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells through mitogen-activated protein kinases?
### Response:
| Exogenous C2-ceramide induced apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The activation of MAPK and caspase-3 were involved in the mechanisms of C2-ceramide-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. |
### Instruction:
Does hemodialysis shorten long in vitro closure times as measured by the PFA-100?
### Response:
| This study confirms the existence of a dysfunction of primary hemostasis in patients with ESRD, and hemodialysis has the ability to correct some part of the hemostatic disturbances. As a sensitive, specific, reproducible, easy to perform, and noninvasive test for platelet-related primary hemostasis, the PFA-100 system may become a useful tool for an overall evaluation of primary hemostasis in patients with ESRD. |
### Instruction:
Are lipid lowering targets easier to attain than those for treatment of hypertension in type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| Improved lipid profiles, aspirin uptake and glycaemic control, but no improvement in blood pressure targets were achieved. Additional strategies are required to achieve cardiovascular risk factor targets. |
### Instruction:
Is inflammatory bowel disease associated with increased intimal media thickening?
### Response:
| Despite chronic inflammation, IBD patients had IMT values similar to those of the controls. Thus, unlike other inflammatory diseases, IBD appears not to be a risk factor for accelerated atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Do troponin I release at rest and after exercise in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the effect of betablockade?
### Response:
| Increased troponin release may be present in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and is temporarily enhanced by exercise and diminishes with betablockade. |
### Instruction:
Is fetal growth increased by maternal type 1 diabetes and HLA DR4-related gene interactions?
### Response:
| Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a diabetic intrauterine environment interacts with gene(s) marked by the type 1 diabetes susceptibility HLA DR4 alleles to increase fetal growth. |
### Instruction:
Are anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in the follicular fluid of the preovulatory follicle predictive of the implantation potential of the ensuing embryo obtained by in vitro fertilization?
### Response:
| Concentrations of AMH in the FF, but not in the serum, constitute a useful follicular marker of embryo implantation and are negatively related to FF progesterone and estradiol concentrations. |
### Instruction:
Are increased osteoprotegerin levels in Cushing 's syndrome associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile?
### Response:
| In patients with CS, serum OPG levels are increased and appear to be associated with coronary risk. |
### Instruction:
Are neurogenesis and helplessness mediated by controllability in males but not in females?
### Response:
| The modulation of neurogenesis by controllability was evident in males but not in females, as was the expression of helplessness behavior, despite the fact that men are less likely than women to experience depression. |
### Instruction:
Is 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine self-administration abolished in serotonin transporter knockout mice?
### Response:
| These findings provide evidence for the specific involvement of SERT in MDMA reinforcing properties. |
### Instruction:
Is antioxidant a useful supportive agent for the treatment of coronary vasospasm with endothelial dysfunction in pig?
### Response:
| Antioxidant therapy was partially effective to prevent coronary vasospasm, whereas intimal thickening after endothelial injury was nearly restored. From these results, chronic antioxidant therapy may well be a useful supportive therapy for the treatment of coronary vasospasm, although it has limited availability despite amelioration of endothelial dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Am `` I frustrated anymore '' . Family doctors ' evaluation of a comprehensive training on partner abuse?
### Response:
| In order to improve doctors' awareness of partner abuse in daily practice, they must need first realize the scale of the problem and then become more comfortable in their own attitude and finally more confident in their ability to aid these patients. |
### Instruction:
Does leber congenital amaurosis caused by an RPGRIP1 mutation show treatment potential?
### Response:
| The RPGRIP1-LCA patient has treatment potential for a gene replacement strategy if targeted to central, but not pericentral or peripheral, retina. The results differ from similarly studied RPE65-LCA and CRB1-LCA patients. Preclinical progress toward therapy in LCA patients warrants detailed structure-function studies in humans to determine feasibility and candidacy for clinical trials. |
### Instruction:
Does plasma lipoprotein ( a ) indicate risk for 4 distinct forms of vascular disease?
### Response:
| Lp(a) constitutes a stable risk factor of similar magnitude for 4 major forms of vascular disease. This association was not altered by exposure to standard lipid-lowering therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does a Dietary supplement containing standardized Phaseolus vulgaris extract influence body composition of overweight men and women?
### Response:
| The results indicate that Phaseolus vulgaris extract produces significant decrements in body weight and suggest decrements in fat mass in the face of maintained lean body mass. |
### Instruction:
Does the use of coded PCR primers enable high-throughput sequencing of multiple homolog amplification products by 454 parallel sequencing?
### Response:
| We demonstrate that this new approach enables the assignment of virtually all the generated DNA sequences to the correct source once sequencing anomalies are accounted for (miss-assignment rate<0.4%). Therefore, the method enables accurate sequencing and assignment of homologous DNA sequences from multiple sources in single high-throughput GS20 run. We observe a bias in the distribution of the differently tagged primers that is dependent on the 5' nucleotide of the tag. In particular, primers 5' labelled with a cytosine are heavily overrepresented among the final sequences, while those 5' labelled with a thymine are strongly underrepresented. A weaker bias also exists with regards to the distribution of the sequences as sorted by the second nucleotide of the dinucleotide tags. As the results are based on a single GS20 run, the general applicability of the approach requires confirmation. However, our experiments demonstrate that 5'primer tagging is a useful method in which the sequencing power of the GS20 can be applied to PCR-based assays of multiple homologous PCR products. The new approach will be of value to a broad range of research areas, such as those of comparative genomics, complete mitochondrial analyses, population genetics, and phylogenetics. |
### Instruction:
Does pAX6 increase glioma cell susceptibility to detachment and oxidative stress?
### Response:
| To survive, GBM cells must resist oxidative stress in the necrotic zone as well as the intracellular ROS generated during detachment. Since PAX6 over-expression in low PAX6-expressing glioma cells attenuated cell survival and growth after detachment, these results suggest that a reduced PAX6 expression may be a molecular trait that gives glioma cells a real selection advantage over other cell types to survive in stressful conditions, thus resulting in expansion of their population. |
### Instruction:
Is interleukin-18 increased only in a minority of patients with active Crohn 's disease?
### Response:
| IL-18 expression in active CD is heterogeneous, only a minority of patients expresses elevated levels. Further treatment strategies targeting IL-18 expression in active CD should be concentrated on this subgroup of patients. |
### Instruction:
Does simultaneous control of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress normalize endothelial function in type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| This study suggests that long-lasting hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetic patients induces permanent alterations in endothelial cells, which may contribute to endothelial dysfunction by increased oxidative stress even when hyperglycemia is normalized. |
### Instruction:
Is circulating visfatin associated with parameters of iron metabolism in subjects with altered glucose tolerance?
### Response:
| Serum visfatin concentration is significantly associated with parameters of iron metabolism, especially in subjects with altered glucose tolerance. |
### Instruction:
Are nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs associated with increased aortic stiffness?
### Response:
| These novel data show that NSAIDS are associated with increased aortic stiffness, possibly through the effects of cytokine mediated elastolysis. This in turn may prevent aortic expansion and the development of AAA. |
### Instruction:
Is endothelium-dependent NO-mediated vasodilation in humans attenuated by peripheral alpa1-adrenoceptor activation?
### Response:
| These results show that endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation is inhibited by activation of peripheral alpha1-adrenoceptors. |
### Instruction:
Do obese adults with primary growth hormone resistance ( Laron Syndrome ) have normal endothelial function?
### Response:
| FMD was found to be within normal limits in non-IGF-I-treated adult patients with LS, despite congenital absence of IGF-I and obesity. |
### Instruction:
Do statins ameliorate glomerular permeability changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?
### Response:
| Statin treatment of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes ameliorates glomerular permeability changes. The favorable effect of rosuvastatin is probably related to the inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, because mevalonate treatment reversed the favorable effects of rosuvastatin. |
### Instruction:
Do patients with irritable bowel syndrome or constipation have an increased risk for ischaemic colitis?
### Response:
| Patients with irritable bowel syndrome or constipation demonstrated a two- to threefold increased risk for ischaemic colitis. Moreover, irritable bowel syndrome and constipation strongly confounded the relationship between gastrointestinal drug use and the risk for ischaemic colitis, suggesting that etiologic studies of ischaemic colitis risk must account for the presence of irritable bowel syndrome or constipation. |
### Instruction:
Does stimulation of the metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor attenuate social novelty discrimination deficits induced by neonatal phencyclidine treatment?
### Response:
| These results suggest that targeting glutamatergic functions may reverse long-term developmental cognitive deficits produced by PCP. |
### Instruction:
Is the number of regulatory T cells in prostate cancer associated with the androgen receptor and hypoxia-inducible factor ( HIF ) -2alpha but not HIF-1alpha?
### Response:
| T(R) in prostate tumors shows significant heterogeneity and may be the result of hormonal and hypoxic signaling. Targeting these may reduce T(R) in tumors allowing more successful immune therapies. |
### Instruction:
Are n-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations similarly increased by 30 minutes of moderate and brisk walking in patients with coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| BW and MW induce similar increases in NT-proBNP in CAD patients without myocardial damage, which have to be considered when NT-proBNP is determined. Derived from the exercise- induced increase in NTproBNP, the myocardial strain in BW is not elevated in comparison to MW. |
### Instruction:
Does stearic acid protect primary cultured cortical neurons against oxidative stress?
### Response:
| Stearic acid can protect cortical neurons against oxidative stress by boosting the internal antioxidant enzymes. Its neuroprotective effect may be mainly mediated by the activation of PPAR gamma and new protein synthesis in cortical neurons. |
### Instruction:
Does ouabain induce cardiac remodeling in rats independent of blood pressure?
### Response:
| These results suggested that ouabain induces alterations in cardiac structure and function, and the effects happened before the increase of blood pressure. The results indicated that ouabain induced cardiac remodeling in rats independent of blood pressure. |
### Instruction:
Does b-type natriuretic peptide predict cardiac morbidity and mortality after major surgery?
### Response:
| Preoperative serum BNP concentration predicted postoperative cardiac events in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery independently of other risk factors. |
### Instruction:
Does reference range for tissue Doppler measures of maternal systolic and diastolic left ventricular function?
### Response:
| This study gives normal ranges for TDI indices in pregnancy. TDI demonstrated modified longitudinal systolic and diastolic function. Future studies will evaluate the potential of this technique in pregnancies complicated by hypertension and cardiac disease. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
### Instruction:
Does c-reactive protein predict future cardiovascular events in patients with carotid stenosis?
### Response:
| Inflammation was associated with morphological and clinical progression of atherosclerotic disease. Patients with elevated levels of hs-CRP exhibit an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular outcome attributable to clinical adverse events of progressive atherosclerotic disease. |
### Instruction:
Do model-based linkage analyses confirm chromosome 19q13.3 as a susceptibility locus for intracranial aneurysm?
### Response:
| A genomewide scan for IA families with dominant models in Japan confirmed the locus at chromosome 19q13.3, which has also been reported as a candidate locus in a Finnish population. |
### Instruction:
Does cT angiography `` spot sign '' predict hematoma expansion in acute intracerebral hemorrhage?
### Response:
| The computed tomography angiography spot sign is associated with the presence and extent of hematoma progression. Fewer patients achieve a good clinical outcome and hospital stay was longer. Further studies are warranted to validate the ability of this sign to predict clinical outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Does consumption of an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched dip modulate plasma lipid profile in subjects with diabetes type II?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that n-3PUFA are readily bioavailable from the fortified dip matrix and alter the plasma lipid profile. |
### Instruction:
Is cyclin D1 guanine/adenine 870 polymorphism with altered protein expression associated with genomic instability and aggressive clinical biology of esophageal adenocarcinoma?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that CD1 A870 background may be imparting aggressive phenotype to EAC. It provides a molecular basis to explain the clinical biology associated with CD1 polymorphism whereas aberrant nuclear accumulation of CD1 protein enhances the acquisition of genomic instability (ie, clonal diversity), thus leading to early age of EAC diagnosis and poor OS. CD1 genotyping with other biomarkers may help create a biomarker-based prognostic model for EAC and CD1 may also serve as a therapeutic target. |
### Instruction:
Is hOXB13-to-IL17BR expression ratio related with tumor aggressiveness and response to tamoxifen of recurrent breast cancer : a retrospective study?
### Response:
| High HOXB13-to-IL17BR ratio expression levels associate with both tumor aggressiveness and tamoxifen therapy failure. |
### Instruction:
Are polymorphisms of TLR4 but not CD14 associated with a decreased risk of aggressive periodontitis?
### Response:
| It is concluded that in West European Caucasians, the Asp299Gly TLR4 gene polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of AgP but not CP. Promoter polymorphisms of the CD14 gene, however, did not influence susceptibility to inflammatory periodontitis in the population cohorts studied. |
### Instruction:
Are polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene determinant for vascular complications after liver transplantation?
### Response:
| The C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene and subsequent elevation of the total serum HCY is significantly associated with an increased incidence of vascular complications in liver transplant recipients. |
### Instruction:
Is breastfeeding 's protection against illness-induced anorexia mediated partially by docosahexaenoic acid?
### Response:
| Reductions in EI following immunologic or infectious stimuli were associated with increases in IL-1beta and TNFalpha. Those reductions were attenuated by breastfeeding, and mediated in part by tissue DHA. |
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