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### Instruction:
Is core needle biopsy effective in the initial diagnosis of mediastinal lymphoma?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that core needle biopsy should be considered as an effective and safe procedure in the diagnosis of patients with mediastinal lymphoma with the possibility of determining the tumor subtype and subsequent specific treatment. |
### Instruction:
Are serum phospholipids the main environmental determinants of activated factor VII in the most common FVII genotype . European Union Concerted Action `` Clotart ''?
### Response:
| These data indicate that lipids contribute mainly to FVIIa levels through their phospholipid content, and that the degree of this contribution is strictly dependent on FVII genotypes. |
### Instruction:
Does prolonged diastolic time fraction protect myocardial perfusion when coronary blood flow is reduced?
### Response:
| Because the largest increase in DTF occurs at pressures below the autoregulatory range when blood flow to the subendocardium is closely related to DTF, modulation of DTF by coronary blood flow can provide an important regulatory mechanism to match supply and demand of the myocardium when vasodilatory reserve is exhausted. |
### Instruction:
Does rapamycin reverse chronic graft vascular disease in a novel cardiac allograft model?
### Response:
| PVG grafts developed a significant increase in CGVD without evidence of ongoing myocardial rejection. This CGVD appeared to be mediated by both cellular and humoral mechanisms, given CD4(+) perivascular infiltrates and increased levels of anti-donor antibody. The anti-CGVD effectiveness of Rapa during a period in which there was little myocardial cellular infiltrate supports a novel mechanism of effect such as smooth muscle or B-cell inhibition. |
### Instruction:
Do lidocaine and bupivacaine exert differential effects on whole blood coagulation?
### Response:
| Lidocaine and bupivacaine both significantly impaired TEG coagulation in a concentration-dependent manner. Lidocaine was significantly more hypocoagulable than bupivacaine at two similarly analgesic concentrations. |
### Instruction:
Does hyperglycemia rapidly suppress flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation of brachial artery?
### Response:
| Hyperglycemia in response to oral glucose loading rapidly suppresses endothelium-dependent vasodilation, probably through increased production of oxygen-derived free radicals. These findings strongly suggest that prolonged and repeated post-prandial hyperglycemia may play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Does hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women protect against smoking-induced changes in vascular structure and function?
### Response:
| In postmenopausal women who smoke there may be a beneficial effect of long-term estrogen therapy on indexes of arterial structure and function as surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease. Long-term controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings. |
### Instruction:
Do multidrug resistance modulators and doxorubicin synergize to elevate ceramide levels and elicit apoptosis in drug-resistant cancer cells?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that MDR modulators can be used separately, in combination, or in conjunction with chemotherapy at clinically relevant concentrations to manipulate cellular ceramide levels and restore sensitivity in the drug resistant setting. As such, this represents a new direction in the treatment of cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is increased angiogenin expression in the tumor tissue and serum of urothelial carcinoma patients related to disease progression and recurrence?
### Response:
| These results indicate that ANG is strongly expressed in the tumor tissue and is present in high levels in the serum of patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma compared with superficial carcinoma patients and that elevation of serum ANG level could be used as a novel predictor of the prognoses of patients with urothelial carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Do serum IgG antibodies to human herpesvirus-6 ( HHV-6 ) predict the progression of HIV disease to AIDS . Italian Seroconversion Study group?
### Response:
| The presence of high levels of HHV-6 antibodies does not seem to predict the clinical or immunologic progression of HIV disease. |
### Instruction:
Is routine preoperative lymphoscintigraphy necessary prior to sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer?
### Response:
| Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy adds little additional information to intraoperative lymphatic mapping, and its routine use is not justified. |
### Instruction:
Are seizure frequency and duration of epilepsy risk factors for postoperative seizure outcome in patients with hippocampal sclerosis?
### Response:
| Clinical factors such as seizure frequency and duration of epilepsy are not risk factors for postoperative seizure recurrence. |
### Instruction:
Does intracranial EEG with very low frequency activity fail to demonstrate an advantage over conventional recordings?
### Response:
| Our study failed to demonstrate any clinical advantage of intracranial telemetry recordings with a high-pass filter of 0.01 Hz over conventional recordings with regard to determining the timing and location of seizure onset and propagation. |
### Instruction:
Are the severity of polyhydramnios , estimated fetal weight and preterm delivery independent risk factors for the presence of congenital malformations?
### Response:
| Polyhydramnios (AFI >35 cm), small-for-gestational age fetus and preterm delivery are independent risk factors for congenital malformations. |
### Instruction:
Does clinical reactivation of genital herpes simplex virus infection decrease in frequency over time?
### Response:
| Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection continues to be a chronic remitting illness. Over time, however, clinically significant reductions occur in a majority of patients. Physicians may wish to periodically assess the need for continued treatment with daily suppressive antiviral chemotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Does reporter expression persist 1 year after adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer to the optic nerve?
### Response:
| Viral-mediated gene transfer can be successfully accomplished in the optic nerve. Further evaluation is needed to determine whether the level of protein expression at 1 year after injection, which is clearly reduced relative to shorter postinjection time, is sufficient for therapeutic purposes. |
### Instruction:
Does losartan-sensitive renal damage caused by chronic NOS inhibition involve increased renal angiotensin II concentrations?
### Response:
| Losartan-sensitive renal damage caused by chronic NOS inhibition does not involve increased renal Ang II concentrations. This suggests that the detrimental effects of endogenous Ang II are increased during chronic NOS inhibition. Thus, when NO levels are low, normal Ang II concentrations can cause renal injury and hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Does lacidipine reduce high blood pressure and the target organ damage induced by high fructose diet in rats?
### Response:
| These data suggest that lacidipine is effective in reversing hypertension and reducing target organ damage induced by HFD. Moreover, this protective effect on target organs appears to be not simply a consequence of blood pressure reduction, but seems to be connected to the type of hypotensive drug administered. |
### Instruction:
Does landiolol decrease a dysrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine in dogs during halothane anesthesia?
### Response:
| Landiolol, at a dose of 10 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1), has an antiarrhythmic effect on epinephrine-induced ventricular arrhythmias in dogs during anesthesia with halothane. |
### Instruction:
Is the use of chloromethyl-X-rosamine ( Mitotracker red ) to measure loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in apoptotic cells incompatible with cell fixation?
### Response:
| Overall, our results are consistent with CMX-Ros being a valid probe for psi(mit) in intact cells but only when the cells are stained and analyzed immediately. Thus, our results suggest that the proposed applications for CMX-Ros in multiple parameter analysis of fixed cells are inappropriate and will lead to spurious results. |
### Instruction:
Does buckling of the tethering catheter cause migration of a temporary caval filter to the right atrium?
### Response:
| These cases demonstrate another mechanism of tethering shaft shortening which results in unexpected migration of the filter. This device is potentially dangerous because of the liability of the tethering cather to buckle at or near the insertion site with cephalic migration of the filter. Improvements in the tethering catheter mechanism need to be made before further patient usage. |
### Instruction:
Do patterns of axis I comorbidity in early-onset versus late-onset major depressive disorder?
### Response:
| We conclude that early-onset MDD is associated with an increased density of Axis I comorbidity that seems to be limited to specific disorders. |
### Instruction:
Is frequency of long allele in serotonin transporter gene increased in depressed suicide victims?
### Response:
| Our finding provides the first evidence suggesting that a functional polymorphism in the regulatory region of serotonin transporter gene may be associated with suicide in depressed subjects. |
### Instruction:
Is nitric oxide-dependent renal vasodilatation altered in rat with rHuEpo-induced hypertension?
### Response:
| The analysis of our results seems to indicate that the endogenous NO system activity was enhanced in rHuEpo-induced hypertension in rats with normal renal function and a resistance to NO was not developed in renal circulation. Further studies seem to be necessary to better clarify the exact mechanisms underlying the development of rHuEpo-induced hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Are all patients with small intramural rectal cancers at risk for lymph node metastasis?
### Response:
| In rectal cancer patients potentially eligible for local excision, the overall risk of undetected and untreated lymph node metastases is considerable (15 percent). The use of pathologic factors alone after local excision does not reliably assure the absence of lymph node metastases. |
### Instruction:
Are human pancreatic carcinoma cells sensitive to photodynamic therapy in vitro and in vivo?
### Response:
| PDT destroyed human pancreatic carcinoma after low photosensitizer supply and weak energy application. It exerted this tumoricidal effect via apoptosis induction with a gentle protocol, and apoptosis and/or necrosis with a stronger protocol. |
### Instruction:
Is epidural analgesia for labor pain associated with a decreased frequency of uterine activity?
### Response:
| Properly and timely administered epidural analgesia during the first stage of labor has no effect on frequency of uterine activity. |
### Instruction:
Does the static rotator cuff affect inferior translation of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint?
### Response:
| The static contribution of the cuff muscles to the inferior stability of the shoulder is insignificant. |
### Instruction:
Is transaortic gradient pressure-dependent in a pulsatile model of the circulation?
### Response:
| Transaortic gradient depends not only on flow, but also shows pressure-dependency that should be taken into account when evaluating aortic stenosis, especially in hypertensive and hypotensive states. |
### Instruction:
Do experience with procedural sedation in a pediatric burn center?
### Response:
| PS in burn patients allows for early aggressive debridement, decreases the use of the operating room for debridement, and a decrease in length of stay when compared with our previous burn patients. PS has a modest risk of complications, enhances the family's cooperation and satisfaction with health care provided, and should be an integral part of burn care in children. |
### Instruction:
Do rats show unimpaired learning within minutes after recovery from single bolus propofol anesthesia?
### Response:
| Training five to seven minutes after recovery from propofol anesthesia resulted in normal retention of the swim- to-platform task. It also produced the same resistance to the disruptive effects of scopolamine as did training in rats that were not anesthetized. Thus, the ability to learn recovers rapidly after propofol anesthesia induced by a single intravenous bolus dose. |
### Instruction:
Are plasma oestrone-fatty acid ester levels correlated with body fat mass in humans?
### Response:
| Oestrone-fatty acid esters circulate in human blood in proportion to body fat, independently of gender. Plasma oestrone-fatty acid ester levels are associated with insulin sensitivity in men, independently of body fat. These findings may widen our perspective on the regulation of insulin action and control of body weight. |
### Instruction:
Is hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy linked to an enhanced catecholamine response to submaximal exercise?
### Response:
| Patients with essential HT with LVH had augmented plasma NA response during submaximal exercise, whereas patients without LVH did not exhibit this augmentation. The positive correlation between LVMI and Deltaplasma NA suggested a possible association between the degree of cardiac hypertrophy and sympathetic activation during exercise. |
### Instruction:
Do cardiac troponin I cutoff values to predict postoperative cardiac complications after circulatory arrest and profound hypothermia?
### Response:
| In patients who underwent surgery using PHCA for aortic arch or descending aorta repair, myocardial damage related to cardiac arrest, vents or fibrillation explains the increased cutoff value (12.2 microg/mL). This value is similar to patients undergoing CABG surgery through a sternotomy approach with cardioplegia administration. In contrast, and probably related to the absence of cardioplegia, patients undergoing surgery through a left thoracotomy approach had a greater cutoff value (20.5 microg/mL). Values of cTnl greater than these respective cutoff values were closely related to cardiac complications during the postoperative period. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Glucocorticoid treatment improve glucose tolerance in patients with temporal arteritis or polymyalgia rheumatica ]?
### Response:
| Therapy with corticosteroids improves glucose tolerance in TA/PR with no increase in insulin secretion. |
### Instruction:
Does addition of a small curvature reduce power losses across total cavopulmonary connections?
### Response:
| Our data show that the modified curved cavopulmonary connection is hydrodynamically advantageous but might impair caval fluid mixing in younger children. |
### Instruction:
Does gene transfection of hepatocyte growth factor attenuate reperfusion injury in the heart?
### Response:
| These data indicated that both HGF and c-Met/HGF receptor mRNAs were upregulated in response to myocardial ischemic injury, and that HGF is likely to have a cytoprotective effect on cardiac tissue, presumably through the c-Met/HGF receptor. |
### Instruction:
Does adenosine A3 pretreatment before cardioplegic arrest attenuate postischemic cardiac dysfunction?
### Response:
| Adenosine A3 receptor stimulation as a pretreatment attenuates postischemic cardiodynamic dysfunction and creatine kinase release but has no cardioprotection as an adjunct to cold cardioplegia. |
### Instruction:
Is release of S100B during coronary artery bypass grafting reduced by off-pump surgery?
### Response:
| Coronary artery bypass grafting with CPB caused a 10-fold greater increase in S100B than off-pump grafting. S100B release after off-pump sternotomy with vein grafting was slightly greater than in arterial grafting through a minithoracotomy. |
### Instruction:
Does fluid therapy directly interfere with immunoassay for cardiac troponin I?
### Response:
| SS, P, Alb, and HES interfere in this cTNI immunoassay. This interference is higher with SS and HES and is higher when the percentage of hemodilution or real cTNI concentration increases. |
### Instruction:
Does polymer molecular weight alter properties of pH-/temperature-sensitive polymeric beads?
### Response:
| By modulating polymer MW, it was possible to vary the physical properties of beads. Dissolution/swelling characteristics were dependent on the MW of the polymer. Such unique dissolution/swelling properties are useful for delivering drugs to different sites in the intestine. |
### Instruction:
Are highly drug-resistant HIV-1 clinical isolates cross-resistant to many antiretroviral compounds in current clinical development?
### Response:
| It is critical to expand the preclinical development of new drugs to include the assessment of their activity against currently circulating highly drug-resistant clinical strains, in order to develop appropriate salvage therapies for patients harboring resistant strains. |
### Instruction:
Do cord-blood-derived human cultured mast cells produce interleukin 13 in the presence of stem cell factor?
### Response:
| These observations suggest that human mast cells can produce IL-13 under the condition with SCF. The cord-blood-derived human cultured mast cells will help in studying the functional properties of human mast cells in allergic diseases. |
### Instruction:
Does a high-fat diet aggravate tubulointerstitial but not glomerular lesions in obese Zucker rats?
### Response:
| The manipulation of dietary fat has diverse effects on the kidney. A high-fat diet aggravated macrophage-mediated tubulointerstitial lesions in OZR, whereas in LZR, the diet induced glomerulosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Are quantity and origin of transplanted autologous blood cells independent factors associated with speed of postransplant hematological reconstitution?
### Response:
| The quantity of progenitor cells and transplant type are variables significantly associated with the speed of postransplant engraftment, but these two parameters are mutually independent. The number of stem cells estimated by CFU-GM assay is a good and reliable routine test for predicting hematopoietic recovery. |
### Instruction:
Does bicarbonate/lactate dialysis solution improve in vivo function of peritoneal host defense in rats?
### Response:
| A lower dialysate cell count, higher percentage of macrophages, and lower percentage of neutrophils in dialysate suggest that Bic-Lac fluid induces a diminished nonspecific inflammatory response of the peritoneal cavity during dialysis. However, after in vivo stimulation, peritoneal cells from animals dialyzed with Bic-Lac solution possess an augmented ability to produce inflammatory cytokines. |
### Instruction:
Are macrophages essential for lymphocyte infiltration in formyl peptide-induced cholangitis in rat liver?
### Response:
| In formyl peptide-induced cholangitis, macrophages and granulocytes may injure bile ducts transiently. Further, macrophages are necessary for the subsequent migration of T lymphocytes around the bile ducts. |
### Instruction:
Are hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis associated with necroinflammatory injury and Th1-like response in chronic hepatitis C?
### Response:
| HSC activation and progression of liver injury are unrelated to viral load but associated with a Th1-like response, a plausible target for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. |
### Instruction:
Is the high-dose sequential ( Milan ) chemotherapy/PBSC transplantation regimen for patients with lymphoma cardiotoxic?
### Response:
| The HDS chemotherapy regimen produced no significant sign of cardiotoxicity up to one year after transplantation in patients with normal baseline cardiac function and no history of cardiac disease, pretreated with up to 550 mg/m2 of doxorubicin. |
### Instruction:
Is arterial reconstruction with vascular clips safe and quicker than sutured repair?
### Response:
| Arterial anastomoses performed with vascular-closure staple clips are faster than sutured anastomoses, and result in comparable wound healing when assessed for patency, tensile strength, degree of narrowing and intimal reaction. |
### Instruction:
Does left ventricular mass correlate with fat-free mass but not fat mass in adults?
### Response:
| Left ventricular mass is independently determined by fat-free mass but by no other measures of body size or composition. Specifically, left ventricular mass was neither correlated with nor determined by fat mass. None of the other measures of body size determined left ventricular mass. It may be more appropriate to index left ventricular mass to fat-free mass rather than to measures of body size which include fat mass. |
### Instruction:
Is shock after blast wave injury caused by a vagally mediated reflex?
### Response:
| Our data implicate a vagally mediated reflex such as the pulmonary defensive reflex as the cause of shock seen immediately after a blast pressure wave injury. |
### Instruction:
Does translocation of cyclin B1 to the nucleus at prophase require a phosphorylation-dependent nuclear import signal?
### Response:
| We show that phosphorylation of human cyclin B1 is required for its rapid translocation to the nucleus towards the end of prophase. Phosphorylation enhances cyclin B1 nuclear import by creating a nuclear import signal. The phosphorylation of the CRS is therefore a critical step in the control of mitosis. |
### Instruction:
Are shwachman syndrome : phenotypic manifestations of sibling sets and isolated cases in a large patient cohort similar?
### Response:
| Clinical features among patients with Shwachman syndrome varied between patients and with age. Similarities in phenotype between isolated cases and affected sibling sets support the hypothesis that Shwachman syndrome is a single disease entity. |
### Instruction:
Is prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking associated with a decrease in arousal in infants?
### Response:
| Newborns and infants born to smoking mothers had higher arousal thresholds to auditory challenges than those born to nonsmoking mothers. The impact of exposure to cigarette smoke occurred before birth. |
### Instruction:
Are generic health status measures unsuitable for measuring health status in severely disabled people?
### Response:
| There is a continued need to develop and test instruments that can measure the outcomes of rehabilitation in severely disabled populations. |
### Instruction:
Are patient preferences for heart failure treatment : utilities valid measures of health-related quality of life in heart failure?
### Response:
| Utilities are valid measures of HRQL in patients with heart failure, and cost-effectiveness analyses of heart failure treatments incorporating utilities in the outcome measure can be meaningful. |
### Instruction:
Are primary ovarian cancer cultures resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis?
### Response:
| Decreased sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis could contribute to ovarian tumorigenesis through resistance to cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and may play a role in ovarian tumorigenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does a low-calorie unrestricted protein diet attenuate kidney damage in uninephrectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats?
### Response:
| We demonstrated that in UNX-SHR, the prevention of renal damage by LC diet may involve diminished glomerular growth and interstitial infiltrate without changes in renal hemodynamics. Consequently, LC diet, regardless of protein ingestion, may be an important tool in the prevention of renal damage in hypertension. Additional studies of obese-hypertensive rats may confirm the beneficial effect of a LC diet and weight reduction on the renal damage of obesity-hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Do chorioamniotic membranes constitute a competent barrier to group b streptococcus in vitro?
### Response:
| In this in vitro model the membranes appear to constitute an effective barrier against ascending infection. |
### Instruction:
Is retinopathy independently related to microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| We conclude that microalbuminuria is related to background retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Does simvastatin preserve the ischemic-reperfused myocardium in normocholesterolemic rat hearts?
### Response:
| These results provide evidence that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are potent and effective cardioprotective agents that inhibit leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and preserve cardiac contractile function and coronary perfusion after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Moreover, these effects are unrelated to the cholesterol-lowering action of this agent and appear to be mediated by enhanced endothelial release of NO. |
### Instruction:
Is subunit expression of the cardiac L-type calcium channel differentially regulated in diastolic heart failure of the cardiac allograft?
### Response:
| The downregulated expression of the calcium channel beta-subunit might contribute to altered calcium handling in diastolically failing cardiac allografts. |
### Instruction:
Does insulin resistance syndrome predict coronary heart disease events in elderly nondiabetic men?
### Response:
| Our study supports the notion that the insulin resistance syndrome is a risk factor for CHD in elderly men. |
### Instruction:
Does cGMP phosphodiesterase-alpha mutation cause progressive retinal atrophy in the Cardigan Welsh corgi dog?
### Response:
| A single base deletion at codon 616 in the PDE6A gene cosegregated with PRA status with zero discordance in Cardigan Welsh corgis with PRA. A lod score of 4.816 with a recombination fraction (theta) of zero strongly suggests that this mutation is responsible for PRA in the breed. The mutation is predicted to lead to a frame shift resulting in a string of 28 altered codons followed by a premature stop codon. The authors suggest that this type of PRA be given the name rod-cone dysplasia 3 (rcd3). |
### Instruction:
Does susceptibility of retinal ganglion cells to excitotoxicity depend on soma size and retinal eccentricity?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that loss of retinal ganglion cells after N-methyl-D-aspartate or kainate administration affects distinct populations of retinal ganglion cells, dependent upon soma size and retinal location. The mechanism by which certain classes of cells survive or succumb to such insults has yet to be determined. |
### Instruction:
Does lactoferrin increase the susceptibility of S. epidermidis biofilms to lysozyme and vancomycin?
### Response:
| Lactoferrin displays potential as an adjunctive agent to vancomycin in the treatment of S. epidermidis biofilm infections, such as endophthalmitis, associated with intraocular lenses. |
### Instruction:
Does erythropoietin supplement increase plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase levels in hemodialysis patients?
### Response:
| The results of this study suggest that the EPO supplement therapy may reduce plasma RLP-C levels by increasing the plasma LPL and HTGL levels in maintenance-stage HD patients. |
### Instruction:
Does low-density lipoprotein apheresis retard the progression of hyperlipidemic overt diabetic nephropathy?
### Response:
| LDL-A can retard the progression of overt DN, especially when it is performed repeatedly for a long period at two-week intervals. |
### Instruction:
Does furosemide withdrawal improve postprandial hypotension in elderly patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular systolic function?
### Response:
| Postprandial hypotension is common in elderly patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular systolic function. The withdrawal of furosemide therapy ameliorates postprandial BP homeostasis in these patients, possibly by improving left ventricular diastolic filling. |
### Instruction:
Do gender inequalities in health and health care services use in Catalonia ( Spain )?
### Response:
| These results indicate a pattern close to the inverse care law, as women, who express a lower level of health and thus would need more health care, are not, however, using health services more frequently than men. |
### Instruction:
Does down-regulation of vascular alpha1-adrenoceptors account for the loss of vascular responsiveness to catecholamines in experimental cholestasis?
### Response:
| Since the affinity and number of vascular alpha1-adrenoceptors were unchanged in the face of elevated plasma concentrations of catecholamines in the BDL rats, we have concluded that down-regulation of vascular alpha1-adrenoceptors does not account for the vascular adrenergic hyporesponsiveness in experimental cholestasis. |
### Instruction:
Do relative weight gain and obesity as a child predict metabolic syndrome as an adult?
### Response:
| We could not replicate the close association between low birth weight and the metabolic syndrome in adulthood as has been shown in some earlier studies. Obesity at the age of seven predicts the metabolic syndrome in adulthood. |
### Instruction:
Is hepatic cytochrome P450 directly inactivated by nitric oxide , not by inflammatory cytokines , in the early phase of endotoxemia?
### Response:
| These results suggest that lipopolysaccharide-induced modulation of cytochrome P450 may occur via the interplay of two different mechanisms and that, especially in the early phase, nitric oxide-dependent inhibition is more important. |
### Instruction:
Is complement receptor 1 red cell expression controlled by the In ( Lu ) gene?
### Response:
| Nine donors with the Lu(a-b-) phenotype showed suppression of the Lutheran system antigens but normal expression of CR1 glycoprotein and the Knops system blood group antigens. This suggests that the genes that suppress Lutheran system antigens do not suppress CR1 or its related blood group antigens. |
### Instruction:
Is junctional communication between isolated pairs of canine atrial cells mediated by homogeneous and heterogeneous gap junction channels?
### Response:
| This suggests that regulation of cell-to-cell coupling in the heart depends not only on posttranslational modulation of preexisting Cxs, but also on the intracellular assembly mechanisms, and the way individual Cxs interact with others within a connexon and/or with other connexons from adjacent cells. |
### Instruction:
Does a novel nonsense mutation in CACNA1A cause episodic ataxia and hemiplegia?
### Response:
| A nonsense mutation in CACNA1A causes episodic ataxia and complaint of weakness, and may be associated with hemiplegia. |
### Instruction:
Do correlation between rCBF and speech perception in cochlear implant users?
### Response:
| It is suggested that the improvement of the auditory processing of speech in CI users with SPEAK strategy is accompanied by the recruitment of more neurons in the auditory association areas. The adult auditory cortices may still have plasticity or |
### Instruction:
Are plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentrations influenced by variations in the renal threshold for glucose?
### Response:
| People with the same glucose tolerance may demonstrate variable plasma 1,5AG concentrations depending on their renal threshold for glucose. This inherent characteristic is likely to limit the usefulness of the test when monitoring or screening for diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Is lipoprotein ( a ) a predictor for cardiovascular mortality of hemodialysis patients?
### Response:
| Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular death in Japanese patients receiving chronic dialysis therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does visual function correlate with nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes affected by ocular hypertension?
### Response:
| The variability of PERG, VEP, and SCS testing observed in eyes with ocular hypertension is associated with differences in NFL thickness (the thinner the layer, the worse the visual function). |
### Instruction:
Do sulphomucins favour adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to metaplastic gastric mucosa?
### Response:
| The findings suggest that H pylori may play a role in the advanced stages of carcinogenesis. It will be of interest to investigate if the relative small proportion of type III metaplasias that actually progress to carcinoma show persistence of H pylori. |
### Instruction:
Does a cytotoxic phenotype predict clinical outcome in anaplastic large cell lymphomas?
### Response:
| In primary biopsies of patients with ALCL, the presence of a cytotoxic phenotype is not related to clinical outcome of the disease. |
### Instruction:
Is murine endotoxin-induced uveitis , but not immune complex-induced uveitis , dependent on the IL-8 receptor homolog?
### Response:
| Chemokines acting via mIL-8Rh have a significant role in the induction of neutrophil infiltration during EIU but not during RPAR uveitis. MIP-1alpha is not critical for either EIU or RPAR-induced uveitis. The differential dependence on IL-8-like chemokines is in accord with the two forms ofuveitis having different etiologies and, therefore, potentially different optimal therapies. |
### Instruction:
Does insulin improve functional and metabolic recovery of reperfused working rat heart?
### Response:
| Insulin has a direct positive inotropic effect on postischemic rat heart. This effect is additive to epinephrine and occurs without delay. Increased rates of glucose oxidation and net glycogen synthesis are more protracted. |
### Instruction:
Do lipophilic statins induce apoptosis of human vascular smooth muscle cells?
### Response:
| The present results suggest that protein prenylation inhibition by statins may be involved in statin-induced VSMC apoptosis. These data provide a new potential mechanism by which statins may modulate the evolution of atherosclerotic lesions. |
### Instruction:
Does topical pharyngeal anesthesia improve upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in conscious sedated patients?
### Response:
| In patients undergoing diagnostic upper endoscopy using intravenous midazolam and meperidine, the use of topical pharyngeal anesthesia does not improve patient tolerance or procedure performance. Elimination of this agent in the performance of diagnostic upper endoscopy will save time and money without adversely affecting patient care or outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Does phospholipid association reduce the gastric mucosal toxicity of aspirin in human subjects?
### Response:
| The present study shows that acute aspirin-induced damage to the gastric mucosa can be reduced by chemically associating ASA with PC. The mechanism of mucosal protection provided by this compound is not related to any alteration in the ability of ASA to inhibit mucosal COX activity. We believe this protection is attributable to the maintenance of the defensive hydrophobic barrier of the gastric mucosa. |
### Instruction:
Does glycine-extended gastrin exert growth-promoting effects on human colon cancer cells?
### Response:
| Glycine-extended gastrin receptors are present on human colon cancer cells that mediate glycine-extended gastrin's trophic effects via a MEK-independent mechanism. This suggests that glycine-extended gastrin and its novel receptors may play a role in colon cancer cell growth. |
### Instruction:
Are systemic levels and preportal organ release of tissue-type plasminogen activator enhanced by PEEP in the pig?
### Response:
| Clinically used levels of PEEP induce increases in net release of endothelially derived t-PA within preportal organs. The application of PEEP is associated with increased systemic levels of total and active t-PA, in spite of a simultaneous increase in hepatic net uptake, indicating that the preportal vascular bed can not account for the systemic t-PA response. |
### Instruction:
Is the p53 gene mutation of prognostic value in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients in unified stages of curability?
### Response:
| The current study indicated that p53 mutation of tumor tissues might be a prognostic factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases and one of the risk factors for its recurrence. |
### Instruction:
Is pravastatin , an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor , transported by rat organic anion transporting polypeptide , oatp2?
### Response:
| The cloned oatp2 was identified as the transporter responsible for the active hepatocellular pravastatin uptake. |
### Instruction:
Does immunosuppressant FK506 inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression at a step of NF-kappaB activation in rat hepatocytes?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that FK506, but not cyclosporin A, inhibits the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression during nuclear factor-kappaB activation. FK506 may influence liver function during diseases by modulating the nitric oxide pathway, in addition to its immunosuppressive effect. |
### Instruction:
Does blockade of cannabinoid ( CB1 ) receptors by 141716 selectively antagonize drug-induced reinstatement of exploratory behaviour in gerbils?
### Response:
| The activation of cannabinoid systems is a required, permissive element in the ability of cocaine, d-amphetamine, morphine, and Win 55212-2 to reinstate behaviour, i.e., to override stimulus satiation. |
### Instruction:
Is cytomegalovirus seropositivity associated with the expansion of CD4+CD28- and CD8+CD28- T cells in rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| The "carrier" phenotype that has been hypothesized based on a 2 population model for the distribution of CD4+CD28- T cells in RA can be explained by prior infection with CMV. |
### Instruction:
Does high glucose modify heparansulphate synthesis by mouse glomerular epithelial cells?
### Response:
| These results indicate that (1) glomerular epithelial cells play a central role in proteoglycan synthesis, (2) high glucose modifies the amount and influences the different species production of these macromolecules, while osmotic forces seem to be only partially involved in these effects, and (3) this cellular clone of glomerular epithelial cells can represent a reliable in vitro model for the study of the mechanisms involved in diabetic nephropathy. |
### Instruction:
Does adaptation of human fibroblasts to radiation alter biases in DNA repair at the chromosomal level?
### Response:
| Adaptation to radiation increased the overall cellular repair of radiation-induced chromosomal breaks, but also created a repair bias such that some chromosomes were preferentially repaired or discriminated against, while the repair of others was unbiased. |
### Instruction:
Is exposure temperature , but not donor age , a confounding factor for in vitro translocation production by chronic irradiation?
### Response:
| For biodosimetry in chronic irradiation situations, the use of alpha coefficients derived from the dose-response curves of cells chronically irradiated in vitro at body temperature is recommended. With respect to induction rates, donor age does not appear to be a confounding factor. The S-ratio is independent of radiation doses, exposure temperatures, or donor ages. |
### Instruction:
Does synovial Epstein-Barr virus infection increase the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in individuals with the shared HLA-DR4 epitope?
### Response:
| EBV seems to function as an environmental risk factor for RA, particularly in patients with the RA-linked HLA-DRB1 alleles. |
### Instruction:
Do monoclonal anti-endothelial cell antibodies from a patient with Takayasu arteritis activate endothelial cells from large vessels?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that AECA may directly stimulate EC in Takayasu arteritis through elevation of adhesion molecule expression associated with NF-kappaB activation and adhesion of monocytes, and may therefore play a pathogenic role in the development of the vasculopathy in Takayasu arteritis. |
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