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### Instruction:
Does gPG-NH2 act via the metabolite alphaHGA to target HIV-1 Env to the ER-associated protein degradation pathway?
### Response:
| The previously observed specificity of GPG-NH2 towards gp160 in HIV-1 infected cells, resulting in the production of Env (gp120/gp41) deficient fusion incompetent HIV-1 particles, was most probably due to the action of the GPG-NH2 metabolite alphaHGA. |
### Instruction:
Does subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery ameliorate the symptoms of chronic venous ulcer ( C6 ) patients?
### Response:
| The advantages of using two-port, video-controlled SEPS procedure may provide freedom from the skin complications that can be seen after Linton operation with quick and sustainable ulcer healing. |
### Instruction:
Do antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone inhibit the proliferation of human benign prostatic hyperplasia cells?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates for the first time that GHRH can act as a growth factor in BPH-1 cells and that GHRH antagonists can reverse its stimulatory effect. New observations are provided on the mechanism of action of GHRH antagonists in BPH. Our findings support the merit of further work on the development of GHRH antagonists for therapy of BPH. |
### Instruction:
Do different methods for administering 17beta-estradiol to ovariectomized rats result in opposite effects on ischemic brain damage?
### Response:
| The results indicate that different estrogen treatment regimens result in diametrically different effects on cerebral ischemia. Thus the effects of estrogens on ischemic damage seem to be concentration-related, with a biphasic, or even more complex, dose-response relation. These findings have implications for the design of animal experiments and also have a bearing on the estrogen doses used for peri-menopausal hormone replacement therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does metabolomic analyses of plasma reveal new insights into asphyxia and resuscitation in pigs?
### Response:
| This study provides a novel strategy and set of biomarkers. It provides biochemical in vivo data that resuscitation with 100% oxygen delays cellular recovery. In addition, the oxysterol increase raises concerns about the safety of 100% O(2) resuscitation. Our biomarkers can be used in a broad clinical setting for evaluation or the prediction of damage in conditions associated with low tissue oxygenation in both infancy and adulthood. These findings have to be validated in human trials. |
### Instruction:
Do haplotypes of the adrenergic system predict the blood pressure response to beta-blockers in women with essential hypertension?
### Response:
| Our study confirmed the sex-specific association of GNB3 with the blood pressure response to atenolol with no substantial advantage of the analysis of haplotypes over SNPs. |
### Instruction:
Are plasma fatty acids and desaturase activity associated with circulating adiponectin in healthy adolescent girls?
### Response:
| Adiponectin, an inverse marker of metabolic derangements, was associated with desaturase activity, indicating that possible functional alterations in fatty acid metabolism may already be present in young healthy adolescent females. |
### Instruction:
Is human labor associated with reduced decidual cell expression of progesterone , but not glucocorticoid , receptors?
### Response:
| In post- vs. pre-uterine-contraction specimens, significantly lower HSCOREs in DC nuclei, but not IT, and unchanging GR levels in DCs and ITs suggest that functional P4 withdrawal may occur in DCs and is unlikely to involve the GR. Nuclear extracts from DC monolayer cultures express steroid-regulated PR-A and PR-B and constitutive GR. |
### Instruction:
Do fcgamma receptors modulate pulmonary inflammation by activating innate immune cells in murine hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that activating Fcgamma receptors play an important role in activating neutrophils and macrophages in pulmonary inflammation and inducing Th1 differentiation by regulating cytokine expression in SR-induced HP. |
### Instruction:
Does ginsan enhance humoral antibody response to orally delivered antigen?
### Response:
| Ginsan effectively enhances the humoral immune response to orally delivered antigen, mediated by CCL3 via COX. Ginsan may serve as a potent vaccine suppliment for oral immunization. |
### Instruction:
Is elevated brain natriuretic peptide associated with abnormal heart geometry in children with chronic kidney disease?
### Response:
| BNP might predict an abnormal geometry in children with CKD. |
### Instruction:
Does atorvastatin reduce plaque vulnerability in an atherosclerotic rabbit model by altering the 5-lipoxygenase pathway?
### Response:
| Atorvastatin may stabilize carotid plaque by regulating the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in atherosclerotic rabbits and delay the progression of atherosclerosis by exerting anti-inflammatory effects. |
### Instruction:
Does the structure of the dust mite allergen Der p 7 reveal similarities to innate immune proteins?
### Response:
| Der p 7 binds a bacterially derived lipid product, a common feature of some allergens. The finding that the group 7, as well as the group 2, mite allergens are structurally similar to different proteins in the Toll-like receptor pathway further strengthens the connections between dust mites, innate immunity, and allergy. |
### Instruction:
Does isoflurane protect human kidney proximal tubule cells against necrosis via sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate generation?
### Response:
| Collectively, our study demonstrates that S1P released via isoflurane-mediated SK1 stimulation produces direct anti-necrotic effects probably via S1P(1) receptor-mediated cytoprotective signaling (ERK/Akt phosphorylation and HSP70 induction) in HK-2 cells. Our findings may help to unravel the cellular signaling pathways of volatile anesthetic-mediated renal protection and lead to new therapeutic applications of volatile anesthetics during the perioperative period. |
### Instruction:
Is the reproductive outcome of female patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 ( DM1 ) undergoing PGD affected by the size of the expanded CTG repeat tract?
### Response:
| There is no evidence of an effect of trinucleotide repeat length on reproductive outcome in patients undergoing ICSI and PGD. |
### Instruction:
Does bispectral index correlate well with Richmond agitation sedation scale in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients?
### Response:
| Our results illustrate that BIS correlates well with RASS when assessing the level of sedation in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. BIS reliably differentiates inadequate from adequate sedation. |
### Instruction:
Does qindan-capsule inhibit proliferation of adventitial fibroblasts and collagen synthesis?
### Response:
| The results suggested QC-containing serum has significantly improved proliferation of AFs and composition of extracellular matrix. TGF-beta1/Smad3 signaling pathway may be involved in the mechanism. |
### Instruction:
Is verhuellia a segregate lineage in Piperaceae : more evidence from flower , fruit and pollen morphology , anatomy and development?
### Response:
| Despite the superficial similarities with different genera of Piperaceae and Saururaceae, the segregate position of Verhuellia revealed by molecular phylogenetics is supported by morphological, developmental and anatomical data presented here. Unitegmic ovules and inaperturate pollen, which are synapomorphies for the genus Peperomia, are also present in Verhuellia. |
### Instruction:
Do mechanical strength of the side-to-side versus Pulvertaft weave tendon repair?
### Response:
| The SS repair using a cross-stitch suture technique was significantly stronger and stiffer than the PT repair using a mattress suture technique. This suggests that using SS repairs could enable patients to load the repair soon after surgery. Ultimately, this should reduce the risk of developing adhesions and result in improved functional outcome and fewer complications in the acute postoperative period. Future work will address the specific mechanisms (eg, suture-throw technique and tendon-weave technique) that underlie the improved strength and stiffness of the SS repair. |
### Instruction:
Do depressive symptoms predict incident cognitive impairment in cognitive healthy older women?
### Response:
| These data suggest that depression may be the risk factors for cognitive decline, and thus a potential target for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. |
### Instruction:
Does selective inhibition of 5-HT7 receptor reduce CGRP release in an experimental model for migraine?
### Response:
| Selective inhibition of 5-HT(7) receptors partly reduced CGRP release evoked by TGES. These findings suggest that 5-HT(7) receptors may play a role in the pathophysiology of migraine. |
### Instruction:
Does matrix-specific protein kinase A signaling regulate p21-activated kinase activation by flow in endothelial cells?
### Response:
| Basement membrane proteins inhibit inflammatory signaling in endothelial cells via PKA-dependent inhibition of PAK. |
### Instruction:
Is catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia caused by mutation-linked defective conformational regulation of the ryanodine receptor?
### Response:
| A single point mutation within the RyR2 sensitizes the channel to agonists and reduces the threshold of luminal [Ca(2+)] for activation, primarily mediated by defective interdomain interaction within the RyR2. |
### Instruction:
Does lidocaine eye drop attenuate pain associated with ophthalmic postherpetic neuralgia?
### Response:
| This study suggests that LDC provides a significant improvement of ophthalmic PHN because of its prompt analgesia, lack of systemic side effects, and convenience of use. |
### Instruction:
Do normoglycemic plasma glucose levels affect F-18 FDG uptake in the brain?
### Response:
| Our results indicated that plasma glucose levels that are within the normoglycemic range have a small but systematic effect on F-18 FDG uptake in the brain (following an inverse relationship). Normalizing plasma glucose levels to a standard glucose concentration successfully reduced the intra-subject variability of SUV measures. Inter-subject variability, however, remained high suggesting that other factors have an influence as well. |
### Instruction:
Are left atrial phasic volumes modulated by the type rather than the extent of left ventricular hypertrophy?
### Response:
| Patients with HCM appeared to have larger LA volumes, poorer LA function, and greater severity of diastolic dysfunction compared with those with HT having comparable LV mass. LA changes may be due to coexistent atrial myopathy associated with other pathophysiologic aspects of HCM, including outflow obstruction, mitral regurgitation, and myocardial fibrosis in HCM. |
### Instruction:
Is surgery alone adequate treatment for early stage soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity?
### Response:
| This population-based appraisal validated previous evidence supporting a role for surgery alone in the treatment of T1 ESTS. Future policies should be tailored to offer patients minimal yet effective therapy, rather than maximum tolerated therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is in vitro evaluation of novel antisense oligonucleotides predictive of in vivo exon skipping activity for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
### Response:
| In vitro screening of different AOs within the same chemical class is a reliable method for predicting the in vivo exon skipping efficiency of AOs for DMD. |
### Instruction:
Are low life purpose and high hostility related to an attenuated decline in nocturnal blood pressure?
### Response:
| Low life purpose and high hostility are associated with high sleep-wake BP ratios in Black and White adults, and these relationships are largely independent of sleep. |
### Instruction:
Does iGF-1 increase macrophage motility via PKC/p38-dependent alphavbeta3-integrin inside-out signaling?
### Response:
| IGF-1 plays a vital role in macrophage migration critically implicated in tissue inflammation. This involves activation of integrins and focal adhesion formation via inside-out PI3-kinase/PKC/p38-dependent signaling, but does not require MMP activation. |
### Instruction:
Is acute lobar nephronia associated with a high incidence of renal scarring in childhood urinary tract infections?
### Response:
| Our results showed a new finding that ALN is associated with a very high incidence of renal scarring, in comparison to APN, irrespective of the duration of antibiotic treatment. |
### Instruction:
Are novel polymyxin derivatives effective in treating experimental Escherichia coli peritoneal infection in mice?
### Response:
| We found that the three novel synthetic polymyxin B derivatives had a potent in vivo bactericidal effect against E. coli. |
### Instruction:
Do infants of women with polycystic ovary syndrome have lower cord blood androstenedione and estradiol levels?
### Response:
| Infants of women with PCOS were more likely to be large for gestational age. Female offspring of affected women have lower cord blood A levels; other cord blood androgen levels do not differ compared with female control offspring. Cord blood E2 levels are also significantly decreased in PCOS, without any difference in the testosterone to E2 ratio, suggesting decreased fetal or placental production of steroids. |
### Instruction:
Does abscisic acid ameliorate experimental IBD by downregulating cellular adhesion molecule expression and suppressing immune cell infiltration?
### Response:
| We conclude that ABA ameliorates gut inflammation by modulating T cell distribution and adhesion molecule expression. |
### Instruction:
Are anti-CENP-B antibodies associated with prolonged survival in breast cancer?
### Response:
| Anti-CENP-B autoantibodies in breast cancer patients prolong disease-free and overall survival. |
### Instruction:
Is preoperative survivin mRNA detection in peripheral blood an independent predictor of outcome in esophageal carcinoma?
### Response:
| Preoperative SVV expression levels appear to be associated with overall survival in patients with esophageal cancers. Increasing levels could potentially indicate a higher risk for shorter overall survival and therefore demand adapted treatment modalities. |
### Instruction:
Does augurin stimulate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis via the release of corticotrophin-releasing factor in rats?
### Response:
| These data suggest that augurin stimulates the release of ACTH via the release of hypothalamic CRF. Pharmacological manipulation of the augurin system may therefore be a novel target for regulation of the HPA axis. |
### Instruction:
Does activation of submucosal 5-HT ( 3 ) receptors elicit a somatostatin-dependent inhibition of ion secretion in rat colon?
### Response:
| Activation of neuronal 5-HT(3) receptors in the submucosal plexus of rat colon suppressed 5-HT-induced ion secretion by releasing somatostatin from submucosal neurons. |
### Instruction:
Are hEPACAM1 and 2 differentially regulated in canine mammary adenomas and carcinomas and its lymph node metastases?
### Response:
| HEPACAM1 and 2 seem to be important for cell-cell adhesion of normal and neoplastic canine mammary cells. The loss of HEPACAM1 protein expression in adenomas but not in carcinomas questions its role as a tumour suppressor at late stages of malignant transformation and indicates that it might rather be involved in physiologic mammary cell adhesion and canine mammary tumour metastasis. Furthermore, it can be speculated, whether HEPACAM2 plays a different role in malignancy and metastasis of canine mammary tumours since its transcriptional levels are different in carcinomas and their lymph node metastases when compared to HEPACAM1. |
### Instruction:
Do serotonin and melatonin play a prominent role in the growth of prostate cancer cell lines?
### Response:
| Serotonin receptor antagonists and agonists as well as MLT influence viability and apoptosis of PCa cell lines at supraphysiologic concentrations. In contrast to other reports, our results do not support a regulatory role of serotonin or MLT receptor activation or inhibition in PCa growth. |
### Instruction:
Does initial experience of heroin use under a two-chained operant schedule influence drug-seeking behavior after one month of abstinence?
### Response:
| These observations suggest that an early experience of drug use is sufficient to maintain heroin-seeking behavior even after a one month abstinence. |
### Instruction:
Are dating of human bocavirus infection with protein-denaturing IgG-avidity assays-Secondary immune activations ubiquitous in immunocompetent adults?
### Response:
| Diagnosis of HBoV primary infection can be strengthened by measurement of IgG avidity. HBoV secondary infections or anamnestic antibody responses occur ubiquitously in immunocompetent adults. |
### Instruction:
Is metabolic crisis after traumatic brain injury associated with a novel microdialysis proteome?
### Response:
| Metabolic distress after TBI is associated with a differential proteome that indicates cellular destruction during the acute phase of illness. This suggests that metabolic distress has immediate cellular consequences after TBI. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of Aurora Kinase A enhance chemosensitivity of medulloblastoma cell lines?
### Response:
| These data indicate that inhibition of Aurora Kinase A inhibits cell growth in medulloblastoma through inhibition of pro-proliferative signaling pathways Wnt, Myc, and RB. Additionally, combining Aurora Kinase A inhibition with other chemotherapeutic agents significantly lowers their IC(50), which make it a promising small molecule target for medulloblastoma therapy. |
### Instruction:
Are novel adipokines , high molecular weight adiponectin and resistin , associated with outcomes following lower extremity revascularization with autogenous vein?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that serum biomarkers of insulin resistance and inflammation may be predictive of clinical outcomes following LEB. Improving the systemic milieu of insulin resistance and inflammation in these high-risk patients may lead to reduced morbidity and mortality. |
### Instruction:
Is urinary collecting system invasion no independent prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| Facing the results of this large trial, we do not support the inclusion of UCS invasion into upcoming TNM staging systems. In contrast, future research should focus on novel molecular markers expressed by the tumor and/or specific immunological characteristics of patients with RCC which could improve prediction of RCC-associated prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Are three-year changes in fitness and adiposity independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors among young Danish children?
### Response:
| Change in fitness and adiposity were independently associated with the development of cardiovascular risk factors among young children suggesting a need to increase CRF and prevent weight gain early during development to improve cardiovascular health. |
### Instruction:
Does targeting phosphoinositide-3-kinase-delta with theophylline reverse corticosteroid insensitivity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
### Response:
| Inhibition of oxidative stress dependent PI3K-δ activation by a selective inhibitor or theophylline provides a novel approach to reversing corticosteroid insensitivity in COPD. |
### Instruction:
Does central venous pressure at emergency room presentation predict cardiac rehospitalization in patients with decompensated heart failure?
### Response:
| Central venous pressure at ER presentation in patients with DHF is an independent predictor of cardiac rehospitalization but not of cardiac and all-cause mortality. |
### Instruction:
Do pressure pain sensitivity topographical maps reveal bilateral hyperalgesia of the hands in patients with unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome?
### Response:
| Our findings revealed bilateral generalized pressure pain hyperalgesia in unilateral CTS because lower PPT levels were found in all of the points. The pressure pain hyperalgesia was not uniformly distributed since PPTs were lower in points over the proximal phalanx of the fingers and the thenar eminency as compared with those points located over the distal phalanx of the fingers. The decrease in PPT levels was associated with the intensity and the duration of the pain symptoms, supporting a role of both peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms in this pain condition. |
### Instruction:
Does functional analysis of B and C class floral organ genes in spinach demonstrate their role in sexual dimorphism?
### Response:
| Sexual dimorphism in spinach is not the result of homeotic transformation of established organs, but rather is the result of differential initiation and development of the third and fourth whorl primordia. SpAG is inferred to have organ identity and meristem termination functions similar to other angiosperm C class genes. In contrast, while SpPI and SpAP3 resemble other angiosperms in their essential functions in establishing stamen identity, they also appear to have an additional function in regulating organ number and identity outside of the third whorl. We present a model for the evolution of dioecy in spinach based on the regulation of B class expression. |
### Instruction:
Does iL-33 prolong murine cardiac allograft survival through induction of TH2-type immune deviation?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate that IL-33 serves as a potent inducer of Th2 immune response and can markedly contribute to the prolongation of cardiac allograft survival. |
### Instruction:
Is vEGF-A165b cytoprotective and antiangiogenic in the retina?
### Response:
| The survival effects of VEGF-A(165)b signaling can protect the retina from ischemic damage. These results suggest that VEGF-A(165)b may be a useful therapeutic agent in ischemia-induced angiogenesis and a cytoprotective agent for retinal pigment epithelial cells. |
### Instruction:
Is enrollment in physical education associated with health-related behavior among high school students?
### Response:
| Findings suggest that higher levels of enrollment in PE classes could play a role in the promotion of health-related behaviors among high school students. |
### Instruction:
Does systematic analysis of off-target effects in an RNAi screen reveal microRNAs affecting sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis?
### Response:
| We have demonstrated a role for miR-26a, miR-145 and miR-26a in TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Further these results show that RNAi screening enriches for siRNAs with relevant off-target effects. Some of these effects can be identified by the over-representation of certain seed sequences in high-scoring siRNAs and we demonstrate the usefulness of such systematic analysis of enriched seed sequences. |
### Instruction:
Do two additive mechanisms impair the differentiation of 'substrate-selective ' p38 inhibitors from classical p38 inhibitors in vitro?
### Response:
| Our integrated mechanistic modeling and experimental validation provides an example of how systems biology approaches can be applied to drug discovery and provide a basis for decision-making with limited chemical matter. We find that, given our current understanding, it is unlikely that 'substrate-selective' inhibitors of p38 will work as originally intended when placed in the context of more complex cellular environments, largely due to a stoichiometric excess of MK2 relative to p38. |
### Instruction:
Is a novel thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin bioassay a functional indicator of activity and severity of Graves ' orbitopathy?
### Response:
| The novel Mc4/TSI is a functional indicator of GO activity and severity. |
### Instruction:
Does optical spectroscopy of the breast in premenopausal women reveal tissue variation with changes in age and parity?
### Response:
| Optical spectroscopy may be useful to identify breast tissue at increased risk of cancer development and track changes over time, particularly in young women where exposure to radiation is of particular concern. Additional work is needed to confirm the observed breast tissue differences and to determine the specific tissue chromophore changes with age and parity. |
### Instruction:
Does docosahexaenoic acid withstand the Aβ ( 25-35 ) -induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells?
### Response:
| DHA not only inhibits the in vitro fibrillation but also resists the Aβ(25-35)-induced toxicity in the neuronal cells. This might be the basis of the DHA-induced amelioration of Aβ-induced neurodegeneration and related cognitive deficits. |
### Instruction:
Does caffeic acid phenethyl ester trigger apoptosis through induction of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in CCRF-CEM cells?
### Response:
| This in vitro data by being supported with clinical data may open the way of the potential use of CAPE for the treatment of leukemia. |
### Instruction:
Do peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors γ and β/δ mediate vascular endothelial growth factor production in colorectal tumor cells?
### Response:
| In summary, our results identify both PPARγ and PPARβ/δ as an alternative COX-independent mechanism of VEGF induction in colorectal tumor cells. |
### Instruction:
Is the quantal secretion of catecholamines impaired by the accumulation of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists into chromaffin cell vesicles?
### Response:
| We propose that beta-blockers are progressively concentrated into sympathetic secretory vesicles, and interfere with the storage of catecholamines and are co-released with the natural transmitters, resulting in a decrease in the sympathetic tone. This could explain the delayed onset of the hypotensive effects of beta-blockers. |
### Instruction:
Are tetrahydrohyperforin and octahydrohyperforin two new potent inhibitors of angiogenesis?
### Response:
| These observations could be useful for the rational design and chemical synthesis of more effective hyperforin derivatives as anti-angiogenic drugs. Altogether, the results indicate that octahydrohyperforin is a more specific and slightly more potent antiangiogenic compound than hyperforin. |
### Instruction:
Does the RGD domain of human osteopontin promote tumor growth and metastasis through activation of survival pathways?
### Response:
| Unlike prior reports, our data suggest that the RGD domain of both OPN-A and B promote tumor growth and metastasis mainly by protecting cells against apoptosis under stressed conditions and not via migration or invasion. Future inhibitors directed against OPN should target multiple isoforms and should inhibit cell survival mechanisms that involve the RGD domain, FAK phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation. |
### Instruction:
Is the most recently discovered carbonic anhydrase , CA XV , expressed in the thick ascending limb of Henle and in the collecting ducts of mouse kidney?
### Response:
| Although other studies have proposed a role for CA XV in cell proliferation, its tightly limited distribution may point to a specialized function in the regulation of acid-base homeostasis. |
### Instruction:
Are polymorphisms in the platelet-specific collagen receptor GP6 associated with risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction in Caucasians?
### Response:
| In this sample of white non-Hispanic men and women, several SNPs in GP6 were significantly related to risk of AMI. Development of pharmacologic therapy directed towards platelet activity and thrombosis may reduce the incidence of AMI among at-risk groups. |
### Instruction:
Is hypothermia associated with improved outcomes in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock?
### Response:
| : In our porcine model, we found that simulating mild and severe levels of environmental hypothermia during early resuscitation after hemorrhage was associated with a significantly decreased mortality rate. Furthermore, markers of cellular stress and organ dysfunction, including lactate levels and the base deficit, were lower in hypothermic animals. Decreasing oxygen consumption with hypothermia may, in part, explain the protective effects observed with hypothermia. |
### Instruction:
Is quality of Care Within a Trauma Center Altered by Injury Type?
### Response:
| : Risk-adjusted outcomes are consistent within trauma centers across different types of injuries, suggesting that quality improvement efforts should measure, analyze, and focus on hospital-wide systems of care, rather than on isolated quality domains related to specific types of injury. |
### Instruction:
Does glutamine synthetase immunostaining correlate with pathologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma and better survival after radiofrequency thermal ablation?
### Response:
| Standard histology and GS status identify a HCC subset with distinct clinical and pathologic features. |
### Instruction:
Do transcriptional profiles predict disease outcome in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma?
### Response:
| This work suggests that it may be possible to stratify CTCL patients into low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups based on gene expression. |
### Instruction:
Does the antiendotoxin agent taurolidine potentially reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury through its metabolite taurine?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that administration of taurolidine in CABG patients induces a potent anti-inflammatory response that is associated with a significant decrease in arrhythmias. |
### Instruction:
Does maternal consumption of flaxseed during lactation affect weight and hemoglobin level of offspring in rats?
### Response:
| Maternal consumption of a flaxseed-based diet during lactation resulted in lower body weight at weaning and lower hemoglobin levels in adulthood, when compared with the control group. |
### Instruction:
Does cheating explain selective differences at high and low relatedness in a social amoeba?
### Response:
| These results suggest that social competition and something beyond solitary growth differences occurs during the vegetative stage when amoebae eat bacteria and divide by binary fission. The high degree of repeatability of our results indicates that these effects are strong and points to the importance of new approaches to studying interactions in D. discoideum. |
### Instruction:
Is lIMD1 more frequently altered than RB1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma : clinical and prognostic implications?
### Response:
| Our study suggests LIMD1 inactivation as primary event than inactivation of RB1 in HNSCC development. |
### Instruction:
Is mDM2 SNP309 genotype associated with ferritin and LDH serum levels in children with stage 4 neuroblastoma?
### Response:
| The association between MDM2 SNP309 and both ferritin and LDH in patients with stage 4 disease confirms the prognostic role of this polymorphism. The results suggest that the MDM2 SNP309 genotype can impact on tumour responses to hypoxia and might play an important role in the alteration of energetic metabolism in NB cells. |
### Instruction:
Is engulfment of apoptotic cells in C. elegans mediated by integrin alpha/SRC signaling?
### Response:
| Our findings provide evidence that integrin functions as an engulfment receptor at the whole-organism level and reveal a nonconventional signaling pathway in which SRC provides a FAK-independent linkage between integrin alpha and the common motility-promoting signaling module CED-2/CrkII-CED-5/Dock180-CED-12/ELMO to promote the internalization of apoptotic cells. |
### Instruction:
Is low mRNA expression of the apoptosis-related genes CASP3 , CASP8 , and FAS associated with low induction treatment response in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL )?
### Response:
| These findings suggest an association between lower expression levels of the pro-apoptotic genes and a poor response to induction therapy at day 7 and prognosis in childhood ALL. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Allicin enhance cytotoxicity of CPT-11 to colon cancer LoVo cell in vitro ]?
### Response:
| Allicin has significant anti-proliferation effect on human colon cancer cell line LoVo by induction of apoptosis and arrestment of cell cycle and can enhance the cytotoxicity of CPT-11 on the colon cancer LoVo cell. |
### Instruction:
Do patient-derived granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibodies reproduce pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in nonhuman primates?
### Response:
| GMAb reproduced the molecular, cellular, and histopathologic features of PAP in healthy primates, demonstrating that GMAb directly cause PAP. These results have implications for therapy of PAP and help define the therapeutic window for potential use of GMAb to treat other disorders. |
### Instruction:
Does physical activity attenuate intermittent hypoxia-induced spatial learning deficits and oxidative stress?
### Response:
| Behavioral modifications such as increased physical activity are associated with decreased susceptibility to IH-induced spatial task deficits and lead to reduced oxidative stress, possibly through improved preservation of insulin growth factor-1-Akt neuronal signaling. Considering the many advantages of PA, interventional strategies targeting behavioral modifications leading to increased PA should be pursued in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. |
### Instruction:
Does toll-like receptor 7-triggered immune response in the lung mediate acute and long-lasting suppression of experimental asthma?
### Response:
| Intranasal R-848 administration is an effective treatment for allergic airway disease. It hijacks an otherwise proinflammatory immune process triggered by TLR7 to mediate long-lasting disease suppression. This provides important insight into the efficacy and mode of action of TLR7 ligands in murine models of allergic airway disease and paves the way for their clinical application in humans. |
### Instruction:
Is nrf2-regulated PPAR { gamma } expression critical to protection against acute lung injury in mice?
### Response:
| Results indicate for the first time that Nrf2-driven PPARgamma induction has an essential protective role in pulmonary oxidant injury. Our observations provide new insights into the therapeutic potential of PPARgamma in airway oxidative inflammatory disorders. |
### Instruction:
Do plasma cytokine levels during acute HIV-1 infection predict HIV disease progression?
### Response:
| A small panel of plasma cytokines during acute HIV-1 infection was predictive of long-term HIV disease prognosis in this group of South African women. |
### Instruction:
Does protein-enriched diet increase water absorption via the aquaporin-2 water channels in healthy humans?
### Response:
| The protein-enriched diet increased water absorption via an increased transport via the aquaporin-2 water channels. The increased u-AQP2 might be due to a reduced prostaglandin level. The increase in renal sodium excretion seems to be mediated in another part of the nephron than the epithelial sodium channels. |
### Instruction:
Does beta-Catenin mediate adriamycin-induced albuminuria and podocyte injury in adult mouse kidneys?
### Response:
| These results show that beta-catenin in podocytes is dispensable for adult mice, but appears to be important in modulating the SD during ADR-induced perturbation of the filtration barrier. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Puerarin antagonize activation effect of LPS on N9 microglia cells ]?
### Response:
| Puerarin antagonizes activation effect of LPS on N9 microglia cells and might be a useful drug for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Inhibitor of tyrosine phosphorylation AG490 inhibit the proliferation of Jurkat T cells ]?
### Response:
| AG490 significantly inhibited the growth of Jurkat T cells, and its inhibition may reduce the expression of protein ICBP90, which was related to the cell cycle arrest rather than apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Does pre-operative ultrasound with a 12-15 MHz linear probe reliably differentiate between melanoma thicker and thinner than 1 mm?
### Response:
| Ultrasound examination with a 12-15 MHz linear transducer can reliably differentiate primary melanoma > 1 mm from those <or= 1 mm. |
### Instruction:
Is nPC1L1 inhibitor ezetimibe a reliable therapeutic agent for non-obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?
### Response:
| We conclude that the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe can suppress hepatic injury in non-obese patients with NAFLD and that ezetimibe may offer a novel treatment for NAFLD. |
### Instruction:
Is brownian diffusion of AMPA receptors sufficient to explain fast onset of LTP?
### Response:
| Fast accumulation of AMPA Receptors is consistent with experimentally observed fast onset of LTP expression. |
### Instruction:
Does eicosapentaenoic acid preserve diaphragm force generation following endotoxin administration?
### Response:
| These data indicate that endotoxin-induced reductions in diaphragm specific force generation can be partially prevented by administration of EPA, a nontoxic biopharmaceutical that can be safely given to patients. We speculate that it may be possible to reduce infection-induced skeletal muscle weakness in critically ill patients by administration of EPA. |
### Instruction:
Is measurement of abdominal symptoms by validated questionnaire : a 3-month recall timeframe as recommended by Rome III superior to a 1-year recall timeframe?
### Response:
| The revised Talley-BDQ is reliable, with excellent reproducibility and validity. There were few differences in reported symptom rates between the 3-month and 1-year recall time versions of the questionnaire. A 1-year recall time may more efficiently capture infrequent or subtle symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Is azathioprine or mercaptopurine-induced acute pancreatitis a disease-specific phenomenon?
### Response:
| In this study, the alleged higher cumulative incidence of thiopurine-induced acute pancreatitis in Crohn's disease compared with vasculitis or UC patients was not confirmed. Female gender appears to be a risk factor for developing thiopurine-induced acute pancreatitis in IBD patients. |
### Instruction:
Are susceptibility loci reported in genome-wide association studies associated with Crohn 's disease in Canadian children?
### Response:
| The identified susceptibility genes/loci for adult-onset CD also confer risk for paediatric-onset CD. |
### Instruction:
Do sleep and circadian rhythm alterations correlate with depression and cognitive impairment in Huntington 's disease?
### Response:
| HD is primarily accompanied by night-time sleep disturbances and a delayed sleep phase, which are associated with depression and lower cognitive as well as functional performance. |
### Instruction:
Does place of residence predict breast cancer stage at diagnosis in Estonia?
### Response:
| The observed regional variations are most likely due to differences in education, unemployment and health care access. Younger and elderly women, those living in remote areas and of lower socio-economic status should be addressed with specific measures to promote earlier detection of breast cancer, particularly in view of current economic difficulties and a sharply rising unemployment rate. |
### Instruction:
Does ileal interposition surgery improve glucose and lipid metabolism and delays diabetes onset in the UCD-T2DM rat?
### Response:
| IT surgery delays the onset of diabetes in UCD-T2DM rats which may be related to increased nutrient-stimulated secretion of GLP-1(7-36) and PYY and improvements of insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, and lipid metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Does erbB activity link the glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor to refeeding-induced adaptation in the murine small bowel?
### Response:
| These findings identify Glp2r and ErbB pathways as essential components of the signaling network regulating the adaptive mucosal response to refeeding in the mouse intestine. |
### Instruction:
Do comparison of high-frequency oscillation and tracheal gas insufflation versus standard high-frequency oscillation at two levels of tracheal pressure?
### Response:
| At the same P(tr) level, HFO-TGI results in superior gas exchange compared with HFO. |
### Instruction:
Does insulin resistance predict rapid virologic response to peginterferon/ribavirin combination therapy in hepatitis C genotype 4 patients?
### Response:
| IR is a major determinant of both RVR and SVR in genotype 4 CHC patients. HOMA-IR would seem to be a useful tool for predicting the response to therapy. |
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