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### Instruction:
Is increased nitric oxide synthase activity after canine cardiopulmonary bypass suppressed by s-nitrosoglutathione?
### Response:
| We have found that (1) cardiopulmonary bypass results in increased activity of Ca2+-independent nitric oxide synthase, (2) S-nitrosoglutathione can prevent the increase of Ca2+-independent nitric oxide synthase after cardiopulmonary bypass, and (3) Ca2+-independent nitric oxide synthase may contribute to hemodynamic dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in cases of quadriceps tendon rupture ]?
### Response:
| Using ultrasonography we are able to clearly diagnose ruptures of the quadriceps tendon and objectively assess the postoperative follow-up. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Analysis of hepatic echo patterns in chronic hepatitis C ]?
### Response:
| Patients with chronic hepatitis C typically show a bright echotexture of the liver, which correlates mainly with the histological finding of fatty infiltration. A hypoechoic lesion next to the liver hilus is present in almost all patients with bright echotexture of the liver and is a sonographic sign of fatty infiltration of the liver, which might represent an area of less fat content and/or more fibrous tissue which could be due to different vasculature. |
### Instruction:
Does intracoronary shunt insertion prevent myocardial stunning in a juvenile porcine MIDCAB model absent of coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| Our data show that in a porcine MIDCAB model 15 min LAD occlusion and 30 min reperfusion result in significant myocardial stunning. In contrast, maintenance of LAD perfusion using intracoronary shunt insertion minimizes ischemia/reperfusion injury and prevents regional LV dysfunction. Although our experiments were conducted in healthy pig hearts absent from coronary artery disease, similar results may--at least partially--be expected in humans, and thus, intracoronary shunts could be a useful tool for myocardial protection during 'off-pump revascularization'. |
### Instruction:
Is colonic mucosal proliferation related to serum deoxycholic acid levels?
### Response:
| Levels of deoxycholic acid in serum are correlated with the rates of the colorectal mucosa. These results are consistent with the concept that deoxycholic acid promotes colorectal carcinogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Is in vitro modulation of microglia motility by glioma cells mediated by hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor?
### Response:
| HGF/SF, which plays a role in glioma motility and mitogenesis, may also act as a chemokine for microglia and may be responsible for the microglia infiltration in malignant gliomas. This active recruitment of microglia may play an important role in glioma biology. |
### Instruction:
Is vitamin and calcium supplement use associated with decreased adenoma recurrence in patients with a previous history of neoplasia?
### Response:
| The use of multivitamins, vitamin E, and calcium supplements were found to be associated with a lower incidence of recurrent adenomas in a population of patients with history of previous colonic neoplasia. Prospective, randomized trials are needed to better assess the impact of these agents and to determine whether the use of these supplements is associated with a protective effect against recurrent adenomas. |
### Instruction:
Is serum amylase measured four hours after endoscopic sphincterotomy a reliable predictor of postprocedure pancreatitis?
### Response:
| Serum amylase assessment 4 h after ES minimizes the likelihood of underestimating the risk of postprocedure pancreatitis. It is therefore a reliable, cost-effective follow-up, particularly in outpatients. |
### Instruction:
Do additional investigations fail to alter the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in subjects fulfilling the Rome criteria?
### Response:
| Examination of screening tests in 1452 patients with an established history of IBS revealed an incidence of lactose malabsorption comparable to that in the general U.S. population and a low incidence of thyroid dysfunction, ova and parasite infestation, or colonic pathology. The limited detection rates, added costs, and inconvenience of these tests suggest that their routine use in the diagnostic evaluation of established IBS patients should be scrutinized. |
### Instruction:
Does cold storage induce time-dependent F2-isoprostane formation in renal tubular cells and rat kidneys?
### Response:
| Our findings provide evidence for the formation of large quantities of antioxidant-suppressible isoprostanes in kidney cells and whole kidney during cold-preservation. Based on this, it is hypothesized that (a) isoprostanes, which are potent renal vasoconstrictors, may contribute to immediate post-transplant vasoconstriction and dysfunction in kidneys subjected to extended cold storage, and that (b) the addition of 2-MAC or DFO to a UW solution in such circumstances may attenuate these alterations partly by suppressing isoprostane formation. |
### Instruction:
Does complement-mediated injury reversibly disrupt glomerular epithelial cell actin microfilaments and focal adhesions?
### Response:
| These results document reversible, complement-dependent disruption of actin microfilaments and focal contacts leading to the dissociation of the cytoskeleton from matrix-attached integrins. This may explain the altered cell-matrix relationship accompanying podocyte effacement in membranous nephropathy. |
### Instruction:
Do the renal lesions that develop in neonatal mice during angiotensin inhibition mimic obstructive nephropathy?
### Response:
| The abnormal kidney structure that develops in neonates during angiotensin inhibition is attributed largely to "functional obstruction" of the urinary tract caused by the defective development of peristaltic machinery. |
### Instruction:
Does tGF-beta 1 stimulate glucose uptake by enhancing GLUT1 expression in mesangial cells?
### Response:
| TGF-beta 1 stimulates glucose uptake by enhancing the expression of GLUT1 in mesangial cells, which leads to the acceleration of intracellular metabolic abnormalities in diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Does nitric oxide induce heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in mesangial cells?
### Response:
| Our studies demonstrate that both exogenously or iNOS-derived NO enhance HO-1 expression in mesangial cells and point to regulatory interactions between the iNOS and HO pathways. HO-1 activation may defend against NO-mediated toxicity. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-1 stimulate Jun N-terminal/stress-activated protein kinase by an arachidonate-dependent mechanism in mesangial cells?
### Response:
| We conclude that IL-1-stimulated AA release, in part, mediates stimulation of JNK1/SAPK activity and that AA activates JNK1/SAPK by a mechanism that does not require enzymatic oxygenation. JNK1 signaling pathway components may provide molecular switches that mediate structural rearrangements and biochemical processes characteristic of MC activation and could provide a novel target(s) for therapeutic intervention. |
### Instruction:
Is aluminum a weak agonist for the calcium-sensing receptor?
### Response:
| Al3+ is not a potent agonist for CaSR. Because Al3+ affects a variety of target tissues at micromolar concentrations, it seems unlikely that CaSR mediates these cellular actions of Al3+. |
### Instruction:
Is the number of platelet glycoprotein Ia molecules associated with the genetically linked 807 C/T and HPA-5 polymorphisms?
### Response:
| Two GPIa polymorphisms (807 C/T and HPA-5) responsible for the variability in the numbers of GPIa/IIa molecules on the platelet surface in whites have been identified. Despite the genetic linkage between the two polymorphisms, their influence on the number of GPIa molecules on the platelet surface may occur through different mechanisms. |
### Instruction:
Are interventional techniques useful adjuncts in nonoperative management of hepatic injuries?
### Response:
| In hemodynamically stable patients with blunt liver trauma, nonoperative management is the current treatment of choice. In patients with severe liver injuries, however, complications are common. Most untoward outcomes can be successfully managed nonoperatively using alternative therapeutic options. Early use of these interventional procedures is advocated in the initial management of the complications of severe blunt liver trauma. |
### Instruction:
Do amyloid and Pro501 Thr-mutated ( beta ) ig-h3 gene product colocalize in lattice corneal dystrophy type IIIA?
### Response:
| Amyloid and Pro501Thr-mutated (beta)ig-h3 protein accumulate and colocalize in LCD-IIIA. |
### Instruction:
Does systemic viral interleukin-10 gene delivery prevent cartilage invasion by human rheumatoid synovial tissue engrafted in SCID mice?
### Response:
| Systemic vIL-10 gene transfer prevented cartilage invasion by synovial tissue engrafted in SCID mice. This model offers the opportunity to study the biologic effects of gene transfer in vivo in rheumatoid synovium. |
### Instruction:
Are underage drivers separating drinking from driving?
### Response:
| Younger drivers are more likely than drivers older than 21 years to separate drinking from driving. |
### Instruction:
Do tensile bond strengths of provisional luting agents used with an implant system?
### Response:
| Temp Bond and Provilink luting agents exhibited the lowest mean tensile bond strengths. Neo-Temp luting agent exhibited a tensile bond strength more than 3 times that of Temp Bond luting agent. |
### Instruction:
Does dynamic measurement of intrinsic PEEP represent the lowest intrinsic PEEP?
### Response:
| The value of PEEPi-dyn was dependent on ventilatory settings, and PEEPi-dyn does not necessarily represent the lowest regional PEEPi within the lungs. |
### Instruction:
Do endothelial cell and hepatocyte deaths occur by apoptosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat liver?
### Response:
| These results suggest that apoptosis of endothelial cells followed by hepatocytes is an important mechanism of cell death after ischemia/reperfusion injury in the liver. |
### Instruction:
Does resuscitation with lactated Ringer 's solution in rats with hemorrhagic shock induce immediate apoptosis?
### Response:
| Resuscitation with LR solution after hemorrhagic shock increased immediate cell death by apoptosis in both the small intestine and liver. There was no significant increase in apoptosis in the animals resuscitated with hypertonic saline, whole blood, or in unresuscitated animals. Thus, the type of resuscitation fluid used may affect the apoptotic cellular response to shock. |
### Instruction:
Does intraluminal thyrotropin-releasing hormone affect gastric somatostatin and acid secretion through its specific receptor in rats?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that intraluminal TRH affects somatostatin and acid secretion in a paracrine manner via its specific receptor in the rat stomach. |
### Instruction:
Are serum von Willebrand factor levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease related to systemic inflammation?
### Response:
| Our data show slight but significant increases in serum vWF levels in patients with IBD, which are correlated with signs of systemic inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Do human complement regulatory proteins protect swine lungs from xenogeneic injury?
### Response:
| Lungs from swine expressing human decay-accelerating factor and human CD59 were resistant to injury during perfusion with human plasma and baboon blood, indicating that complement mediated some of the features of xenogeneic acute lung injury. |
### Instruction:
Is apoptosis induced by nitric oxide associated with nuclear p53 protein expression in cultured osteoarthritic synoviocytes?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates the potential role of NO for the induction of synoviocyte apoptosis in OA. The increased expression of p53 in the nucleus may play a protective role in the control of apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Does extract of Solanum muricatum ( Pepino/CSG ) inhibit tumor growth by inducing apoptosis?
### Response:
| Taken together, the present study suggests, for the first time, that CSG may represent promising new chemical entity which preferentially targets various tumor cells by triggering apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Is the growth of malignant and nonmalignant human cells modulated by a human placental extract?
### Response:
| Our data seem to suggest that in FD both stimulating and inhibitory growth-factors coexist, the activity of which are greatly influenced by the culture conditions used. |
### Instruction:
Does laparoscopic detorsion allow sparing of the twisted ischemic adnexa?
### Response:
| Laparoscopic detorsion of the twisted ischemic, hemorrhagic adnexa is a safe procedure with minimal postoperative morbidity and a potential for the ovary to recuperate fully with preservation of normal function. Laparoscopic adnexa-sparing procedures should be performed in place of traditional salpingo-oophorectomy in women with this disorder who desire future fertility. (J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 6(2):139-143, 1999) |
### Instruction:
Does combined oestrogen-progestogen replacement therapy inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation in postmenopausal women?
### Response:
| Combined oestrogen and progestogen therapy for 6 months in postmenopausal women does not protect LDL against oxidation. |
### Instruction:
Is impaired fasting glucose a risk factor for atherosclerosis?
### Response:
| In our case-control study IFG alone was not related to increased IMT. Only IFG in a combination with IGT exhibited atherosclerotic changes of the carotid arteries. IFG is not analogous to IGT as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Are changes in serum osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase associated with bone pain in donors receiving granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor for peripheral blood stem and progenitor cell collection?
### Response:
| G-CSF treatment in healthy stem and progenitor cell donors may affect osteoblastic activity, and this activity may be associated with bone pain. |
### Instruction:
Is nuclear expression of p53 , p21 and cyclin D1 increased in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma?
### Response:
| BACs show p53 immunostain positivity at a frequency similar to that published for p53 mutations in lung adenocarcinomas in general. Cyclin D1 and p21 nuclear expression characterizes a significant proportion of BACs, with cyclin D1 and p53 expression showing a statistically significant association. Aberrations in p53, p21, and cyclin D1 expression may be important in the development of a significant proportion of BACs. |
### Instruction:
Do overdenture retention of four resilient liners over an implant bar?
### Response:
| All the silicone-based resilient liners retained the overdentures well. The plasticized acrylic was less retentive initially, and lost significant retention after 2740 cycles, compared with silicone-based resilient liners. |
### Instruction:
Does topical aminocaproic acid facilitate reepithelialization of persistent epithelial defects?
### Response:
| Topically administered EACA decreases both the severity and incidence of persistent epithelial defects produced by alkali bums to the cornea. EACA appears to promote adherence of the regenerating epithelium to the underlying stroma. Thus, topically administered EACA may be an effective treatment for this chronic condition. |
### Instruction:
Do vitamin D receptor alleles predict growth and bone density in girls?
### Response:
| In prepubertal girls, VDR alleles contribute to lumbar spine volumetric BMD variance, but the areal BMD effect reflects the relation between areal BMD and growth. VDR alleles might affect postnatal growth regulation. |
### Instruction:
Is outcome of kidney transplantation from high-risk donors determined by both structure and function?
### Response:
| Calculated donor CrCl and donor vascular pathology predict recipient graft function and may be helpful in selecting high-risk donors for single kidney transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Is intraoperative hypothermia an independent risk factor for early cytomegalovirus infection in liver transplant recipients?
### Response:
| Intraoperative hypothermia during liver transplantation increases the risk of CMV infection in the 1st month postoperatively and active warming seems to reduce this risk. |
### Instruction:
Is temporary vascular access for first dialysis common , undesirable and usually avoidable?
### Response:
| Late presentation to a renal unit prior to first dialysis is associated with increased mortality. Late referral or late presentation are associated with an increased need for temporary vascular access for first dialysis. Many patients who require temporary access for first dialysis could have been better managed. |
### Instruction:
Are autoantibodies in primary Sjögren 's syndrome directed against proteasomal subunits of the alpha and beta type?
### Response:
| The humoral antiproteasome response in primary SS, in contrast to its secondary form, is characterized by an extensive recognition pattern of several subunits, indicating a polyspecific B cell activation against the 20S proteasome. Moreover, proteolytically active beta-type subunits, which are important for the generation of major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted antigens, appear to be targets of the autoimmune response. The data indicate that the proteasome itself may stand on a cross point of pathways that links mechanisms of the immune defense with features of systemic autoimmunity. |
### Instruction:
Does ticlopidine decrease the in vivo activity of CYP2C19 as measured by omeprazole metabolism?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that ticlopidine inhibited the in vivo activity of CYP2C19, but not, or to a lesser extent CYP3 A4, and that the magnitude of inhibition by ticlopidine is related to the in vivo activity of CYP2C19 before inhibition. |
### Instruction:
Does salbutamol pretreatment change eosinophil percentage and eosinophilic cationic protein concentration in hypertonic saline-induced sputum in asthmatic subjects?
### Response:
| Salbutamol pretreatment reduces the severity of bronchoconstriction induced by HS inhalation without significantly affecting the percentages of inflammatory cells and the levels of soluble mediators in induced sputum. |
### Instruction:
Is t cell receptor beta-chain third complementarity-determining region gene usage highly restricted among Sm-B autoantigen-specific human T cell clones derived from patients with connective tissue disease?
### Response:
| TCR CDR3 gene usage is highly conserved by Sm-B autoantigen-specific T cell clones, and this appears to be related to the recognition of a limited number of T cell epitopes on the Sm-B autoantigen presented in the context of HLA-DR. |
### Instruction:
Does beta3 integrin activation improve alphavbeta3-mediated retraction of fibrin matrices?
### Response:
| Activation of the beta3 integrin subunit significantly improves the interaction of alphavbeta3 with fibrin and may play a role in the integrin-mediated signaling events which occur following vascular injury. |
### Instruction:
Does absent middle cerebral artery flow predict the presence and evolution of the ischemic penumbra?
### Response:
| Absent MCA flow on MRA predicts the presence of a presumed penumbral pattern on acute PI and DWI and worse stroke outcome. Combined MRA, PI, and DWI can identify individual patients at risk of ischemic core progression and the potential to respond to thrombolytic therapy beyond 3 hours. |
### Instruction:
Is from the lab to the clinic : activation of an alpha-2 agonist pathway neuroprotective in models of retinal and optic nerve injury?
### Response:
| Treatment with the alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist brimonidine was found to confer neuroprotection to retinal ganglion cells in two distinct models of neuronal injury resulting from acute retinal ischemia/reperfusion and calibrated optic nerve compression. |
### Instruction:
Does iL-10 induce a Th2 cell tolerance in allergic asthma?
### Response:
| These results suggest that antigen-specific Th2 cells are anergized by IL-10 and that Th2 cell tolerance may suppress eosinophilic inflammation in allergic asthma. |
### Instruction:
Does microinjection of mitochondria into zygotes create a model for studying the inheritance of mitochondrial DNA during preimplantation development?
### Response:
| It appears that preimplantation embryo development does not screen out mitochondrial DNA mutations introduced into fertilized oocytes, and low levels of mutant mitochondrial DNA do not disrupt early embryo development. |
### Instruction:
Is sialyl Tn antigen expression associated with the prognosis of patients with advanced colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| We conclude that not only lymph node metastasis but also STN expression are important prognostic factors in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma who undergo curative surgical resection. |
### Instruction:
Does e-cadherin expression correlate with tumor differentiation in colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| Abnormal E-cadherin expression in colorectal cancer correlates with loss of differentiation. |
### Instruction:
Is gastrointestinal safety of nitric oxide-derived aspirin related to inhibition of ICE-like cysteine proteases in rats?
### Response:
| Aspirin administration leads to a TNF-alpha-dependent activation of gastric caspases. NO-aspirin spares the gastric mucosa and inhibits caspase activity through cGMP-dependent and -independent pathways. |
### Instruction:
Is autonomic neuropathy in Type 2 diabetic patients associated with hyperinsulinaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia?
### Response:
| Autonomic neuropathy 5 years after diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes is associated with an unfavourable metabolic risk profile. |
### Instruction:
Does serum HCV RNA titer predict the severity of liver damage in HCV carriers with normal aminotransferase levels?
### Response:
| In HCV carriers with normal aminotransferase levels viraemia does not predict the grade of HCV-related chronic liver disease (CLD), although subjects with higher HCV RNA levels seem to have more severe fibrosis. Although these data suggest that patients with higher viraemia might have more intense architectural changes and more severe progression of liver disease than those with lower levels of HCV replication, the weak and imprecise correlation leads us to conclude that HCV RNA quantitation is not a useful indicator in clinical practice in the selection of patients for liver biopsy. |
### Instruction:
Does hepatic damage induced by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization elevate serum concentrations of macrophage-colony stimulating factor?
### Response:
| The serum levels of M-CSF increased after TACE in correlation with hepatic inflammation and necrosis and increased production of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in peripheral whole blood. These results suggest a mechanism by which hepatic injury enhances the production of M-CSF via a cytokine cascade, which results in the proliferation of liver macrophages in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Are two internal thoracic artery grafts better than one?
### Response:
| Patients who received 2 ITA grafts had decreased risks of death, reoperation, and angioplasty. |
### Instruction:
Does genetic background determine the nature of immune responses and experimental immune-mediated blepharoconjunctivitis ( EC )?
### Response:
| The severity of EC evaluated by cellular infiltration was dependent on OVA-specific cellular immunity. Genetic background is more important than adjuvants in determining the nature of EC and immunity. |
### Instruction:
Are functional dissection of DNA supercoiling factor : EF-hand domains and C-terminal HDEF motif essential for its activity?
### Response:
| Two regions of SCF play critical roles in the supercoiling activity. The C-terminal HDEF is essential for the factor binding to topoisomerase II. The EF-hand domains II and III are functional for the Ca2+ binding that induces a mobility change in the factor upon gel electrophoresis. |
### Instruction:
Is dCRY a Drosophila photoreceptor protein implicated in light entrainment of circadian rhythm?
### Response:
| These results suggest that DCRY is a circadian photoreceptor and that its expression is regulated by circadian clock genes. |
### Instruction:
Are mice deficient in inducible nitric oxide synthase susceptible to experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis?
### Response:
| A functional iNOS gene is not necessary for EAU pathogenesis. Therefore, upregulation of NO is not required to mediate autoimmune tissue damage in the eye. |
### Instruction:
Do cloned Th cells confer eosinophilic inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness?
### Response:
| The results clearly indicated that monoclonal Th cells are sufficient for the development of both airway eosinophilia and BHR. Agents capable of downregulating IL-5 production seem promising for the treatment of bronchial asthma. |
### Instruction:
Is class I endochitinase containing a hevein domain the causative allergen in latex-associated avocado allergy?
### Response:
| Sensitization to endochitinase class I containing a hevein domain is the main underlying pathomechanism in latex-mediated avocado allergy. |
### Instruction:
Is prostate specific antigen detectable in formalin-fixed semen?
### Response:
| PSA is detectable by immunocytological analysis of semen specimens archived in aldehyde-based fixative. Three forms of PSA were detected; within round vesicles characteristic of prostasomes, associated with some NSCs, and as amorphous protein. The detected variations suggest that analysis of PSA-positive semen elements may provide important insights into prostate physiology. |
### Instruction:
Does ondansetron with propofol reduce the incidence of emesis in children following tonsillectomy?
### Response:
| Ondansetron in a dose of 100 microg x kg(-1), when combined with propofol for children undergoing tonsillectomy reduced the incidence of postoperative vomiting to very low levels. |
### Instruction:
Are abdominal symptoms related to anorectal function in the irritable bowel syndrome?
### Response:
| Abdominal symptoms and anorectal function are not related in IBS. |
### Instruction:
Are high apolipoprotein AI concentrations associated with lower mortality and myocardial infarction five years after coronary artery bypass graft surgery?
### Response:
| Low apolipoprotein AI concentrations, but no other markers of an adverse lipid profile, were associated with mortality and myocardial infarction five years after CABG. Apolipoprotein AI is associated with paraoxonase, an enzyme located on high density lipoprotein, which may limit the oxidation of low density lipoprotein. An association between outcome and other covariates such as white cell count provides a credible pointer to inflammation mediating a component of cardiovascular risk. |
### Instruction:
Is chronic stress associated with spousal caregiving of patients with Alzheimer 's dementia associated with downregulation of B-lymphocyte GH mRNA?
### Response:
| Because the B-cell population is the source of antibody production, our findings suggest that the decrease in B-cell GH mRNA may contribute to the poor immune response to influenza virus vaccination that has been reported previously in chronically stressed caregivers. |
### Instruction:
Is the colonic mesenteric margin most susceptible to injury in an experimental model of colonic ulceration?
### Response:
| The colonic and caecal mesenteric margins are susceptible to injury by mercuric chloride, a chemical known to induce haemorrhagic vasculopathy in the rat gastrointestinal tract. The large bowel mesenteric margin may be susceptible to injury by mercuric chloride because of the critical blood supply to that side of the bowel wall. |
### Instruction:
Does plaunotol prevent indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats by inhibiting neutrophil activation?
### Response:
| Plaunotol inhibits indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury, at least in part by inhibiting neutrophil activation. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of endothelial cell-derived nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) increased during gastric adaptation to chronic aspirin intake in humans?
### Response:
| The human gastric mucosa adapts to prolonged aspirin intake, and this is accompanied by an increase in mucosal blood flow and reduced prostaglandin synthesis. Increase of mucosal eNOS expression might compensate for reduced prostaglandin synthesis and be responsible for gastric adaptation to chronic aspirin intake in humans. |
### Instruction:
Is the K-ras mutation pattern in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma usually identical to that in associated normal , hyperplastic , and metaplastic ductal epithelium?
### Response:
| K-ras mutations are common events in normal, hyperplastic, metaplastic, and neoplastic pancreatic ductal cells. Because K-ras mutations frequently, although not exclusively, are related to mucinous differentiation of pancreatic cells, this mutation may not cause but only promote mucinous differentiation. The prevalence of a certain mutation pattern in nonneoplastic and neoplastic ductal cells in an individual pancreas suggests the dominance of one carcinogenic factor. |
### Instruction:
Does indomethacin inhibit expansion of experimental aortic aneurysms via inhibition of the cox2 isoform of cyclooxygenase?
### Response:
| Indomethacin attenuates aneurysm growth, and its effects are mediated via inhibition of the cox2 isoform of cyclooxygenase, which decreases PGE2 and MMP-9 synthesis. |
### Instruction:
Do red blood cells inhibit tumour cell adhesion to the peritoneum?
### Response:
| RBC-derived factors prevent tumour cell adhesion to the peritoneum, and consequently tumour recurrence. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Quantification of functional retinal damage in branch retinal vein thrombose ]?
### Response:
| BRVO may lead to significant reductions of central and paracentral retinal function. Angiographically observed leakage is not always directly correlated to the magnitude of retinal sensitivity loss. As spontenous remission is frequent in one group and intact retinal function can be shown in areas of angiographic leakage, therapeutic interventions, e.g., laser treatment, should be carefully considered. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy provides additional information for precise evaluation and follow-up of the retinal damage in BRVO. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Roentgen spectrometry comparison of currently available bone substitute ]?
### Response:
| There are many possible causes for inhomogeneous crystallization of the investigated materials, as they are composites of different foreign ions, extremely small crystals or abnormal (deficient) apatites. How this affects the biological behaviour is not known. |
### Instruction:
Is increased aortic stiffness in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with diabetes duration and autonomic nerve function?
### Response:
| Increased aortic wall stiffness found in women with Type 1 DM is related to diabetes duration. Further, in women with Type 1 DM there is a correlation between increased aortic stiffness and parasympathetic dysfunction. This may be of importance for the increased susceptibility to cardiovascular complications in diabetic women. |
### Instruction:
Are impaired systolic and diastolic function and ventricular arrhythmia common in normotensive healthy elderly men with left ventricular hypertrophy?
### Response:
| In elderly men free from hypertension or other known disease, LVH at echocardiography was associated with impaired systolic and diastolic function as well as with ventricular arrhythmia. Thus, even in the absence of hypertension, LVH may be a harmful characteristic in the elderly. |
### Instruction:
Does theophylline improve functional recovery of isolated rat lungs after hypothermic preservation?
### Response:
| Theophylline merits investigation as a potentially beneficial addition to solutions for the flushing and storage of human lungs for transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Are coronary artery bypass procedures in septuagenarians justified . Short and long-term results?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that coronary artery bypass grafting can be performed in septuagenarians at an acceptable risk. Since the large majority of patients improve symptomatically, surgery is a recommendable option for a growing number of elderly patients suffering from severe angina. |
### Instruction:
Are symptoms of depression important to psychological adaptation and metabolic control in children with diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| The major conclusion is that symptoms of depression affect both adaptation and metabolic control. It should be of concern to identify patients with depressive symptoms, offer treatment for their emotional difficulties and increase the support for taking care of their diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Does heat-shock protein-73 protect against small intestinal warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat?
### Response:
| Hsp-73 protects against small intestinal warm I/R injury by inhibiting the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of neutrophils and by accelerating the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines. |
### Instruction:
Does no-touch isolation technique reduce intraoperative shedding of tumor cells into the portal vein during resection of colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| The no-touch isolation technique may be useful to prevent cancer cells from being shed into the portal vein during surgical manipulation. |
### Instruction:
Is parathyroid hormone a key hormone in the rapid minute-to-minute regulation of plasma Ca2+ homeostasis in rats?
### Response:
| PTH is not a key hormone in the rapid recovery of p-Ca2+ after induction of hypocalcaemia, but might, however, set the long-term levels of p-Ca2+ maintained by mammalian organisms. The involvement of an as yet unknown factor in the rapid regulation of p-Ca2+ is suggested. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Antral biopsy sufficient to confirm Helicobacter pylori eradication with the `` new '' one-week long triple treatments ]?
### Response:
| Taking antral biopsies is enough for confirming H. pylori eradication with the "new" one week triple therapies. |
### Instruction:
Does human ( and some other primates ' ) uterine teres ligament represent a mammalian developmental novelty?
### Response:
| It is concluded that the human uterine teres ligament is to be judged a structure different from that of other, non-primate, mammals. It is speculated that the unusual structure of the human teres ligament is related to one or more of the many unusual features of human uterine development: as a single organ (uterus simplex), with a position deep in the abdominal cavity below the pelvic brim, and far away from the posterior abdominal wall. The unusual anatomical position may require an unusual construction of the uterine suspensory apparatus of which the teres ligament is one component. |
### Instruction:
Is defective aggregation in cirrhosis independent of in vivo platelet activation?
### Response:
| These data indicate that circulating platelets are not activated in cirrhosis, and that defective aggregation is most likely dependent on the alteration of the transmembrane signaling pathways. The increased urinary excretion of systemic TXA2 metabolites may be related to increased intrasplenic platelet destruction. |
### Instruction:
Does tamoxifen inhibit hepatoma cell growth through an estrogen receptor independent mechanism?
### Response:
| This study suggests that tamoxifen inhibits the growth of Hep 3B hepatoma cells through an estrogen receptor-independent mechanism. |
### Instruction:
Are elevated levels of serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin specific for alcohol abuse in patients with liver disease?
### Response:
| Thus, in a patient with a negative interview for chronic alcohol abuse and normal carbohydrate deficient transferrin level, alcohol is unlikely to be the cause of liver disease, and further investigations to establish the etiology of liver disease are warranted. An increased carbohydrate deficient transferrin level, however, cannot be regarded as reliable evidence for chronic alcohol abuse in patients with liver disease. |
### Instruction:
Do flow-dependent dilation and myogenic constriction interact to establish the resistance of skeletal muscle arterioles?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that an interplay between pressure and flow-sensitive mechanisms is an important determinant of the arteriolar resistance in skeletal muscle. |
### Instruction:
Does pneumatic transport exacerbate interference of room air contamination in blood gas samples?
### Response:
| Interference can be minimized by carefully purging samples of all air bubbles using the following protocol: invert syringe to check for air bubbles, then retap and reexpel bubbles if necessary. Personnel that collect and send blood gas samples via PTS should be educated about the problem of interference. Modifications both to pneumatic sample transport systems and to blood gas syringes should be investigated to minimize the effect. |
### Instruction:
Does stress trigger different pathophysiological mechanisms in younger and older cardiomyopathic hamsters?
### Response:
| The younger CMH heart exhibits greater resting vascular tone and stress produces coronary vasoconstriction that is consistent with coronary spasm. In contrast, the older CMH experiences a decrease in cardiac function which remains 7 days after stress and indicates an exacerbation of CHF from the mild form existing prior to stress. The lethal effects of stress may occur because of the activation of different pathological processes in younger and older CMHs. |
### Instruction:
Are differential effects of platelet-derived growth factor isotypes on human smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration mediated by distinct signaling pathways?
### Response:
| For human vascular SMCs the physiologic effects and the signaling pathways that mediate these effects are specific for each of the three PDGF isotypes. These data also suggest an association between MAP-K and SMC proliferation and between the proteins, p125FAK and tensin, and migration. |
### Instruction:
Does butyrate inhibit seeding and growth of colorectal metastases to the liver in mice?
### Response:
| These studies (1) show that butyrate inhibits seeding and growth of hepatic colorectal metastases in vivo, (2) associate butyrate's antiproliferative effects with inhibition of mevalonate-mediated cell growth, and (3) indicate that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors may have synergistic antiproliferative effects when combined with butyrate. |
### Instruction:
Are metallothionein and HSP-72 induced in the liver by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation but not by shock alone?
### Response:
| These findings indicate resuscitated severe shock, not shock alone, leads to induction of HSP-72 and metallothionein in the liver. Metallothionein expression lags behind HSP-72 expression. |
### Instruction:
Does soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 provoke polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase release by CD18?
### Response:
| In vitro, sICAM-1 provokes PMN elastase release through CD18. This may represent a mechanism by which elevated levels of circulating sICAM-1, released from local injury sites, provoke distal organ dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Do endothelial cells modulate smooth muscle cell morphology by inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta 1 activation?
### Response:
| In a model designed to study SMC/EC interactions, it was seen that ECs can alter growth characteristics of SMCs by producing PAI-1, which interferes with the plasminogen pathway of TGF-beta 1 activation. This suggests that reduced EC PAI-1 production could play a role in alteration of SMC phenotype in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Is growth hormone-binding protein related immunoreactivity regulated by the degree of insulinopenia in diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| Decreased GHBP levels in IDDM as well as in NIDDM correlate with insulinopenia. Since the degree of insulinopenia depends on the capability of the beta-cells to secrete proinsulin, C-peptide and insulin, we hypothesize that these hormones at least partially influence the serum level of GHBP. Low GHBP levels may reflect a reduced GH receptor density and a concomitant GH insensitivity, which leads to an impaired IGF generation in insulin-deficient patients. |
### Instruction:
Does autologous granulosa cell coculture demonstrate zygote suppression of granulosa cell steroidogenesis?
### Response:
| Human embryos secrete a factor that regulates granulosa cell steroidogenesis. |
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