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### Instruction:
Are orbicularis oculi muscle fibers relatively short and heterogeneous in length?
### Response:
| Individual myofibers of the orbicularis oculi muscle are relatively short, end intrafascicularly, and are of heterogeneous lengths varying regionally within the muscle. Thus, for drug injections into the eyelid, optimal drug effectiveness may require treatment of the entire lid from medial to lateral canthus to overcome the tissue barriers to diffusion. The existence of muscle fibers of heterogeneous lengths suggests that the complex organization of muscle fibers may play previously unappreciated but important roles in normal function, pathophysiology, and age-related changes in the eyelid. |
### Instruction:
Do a clinical report on speech production of cochlear implant users?
### Response:
| Despite being deprived of acoustic speech information for many childhood years, roughly half of the patients assessed showed significant gains in speech intelligibility and articulation postimplantation. The lack of a control group of non-implanted patients means that we cannot separate out the influence of the implant on speech production from other influences such as training and tactile-kinaesthetic feedback. |
### Instruction:
Is type II collagen a major component of bovine retinal microvessel extracellular matrix?
### Response:
| Type II collagen is an unexpected major component of bovine microvessel ECM, whereas types I and III are present in minor amounts. Type V collagen is also a substantial ECM component. Accordingly, all four types may contribute to a heterogeneous population of collagenous fibrils identified by TEM in intact isolated retinal microvessel ECM. |
### Instruction:
Are activation and repolarization patterns governed by different structural characteristics of ventricular myocardium : experimental study with voltage-sensitive dyes and numerical simulations?
### Response:
| In experiments and simulations, the helical rotation of epicardial excitation isochrones caused by pacing at increasing depth in the myocardium correlated with the helical three-dimensional architecture of ventricular fibers. In contrast, repolarization was independent of the activation sequence and was mainly guided by spatial differences in APDs between apex and base. |
### Instruction:
Is parenteral nutrition associated with intestinal morphologic and functional changes in humans?
### Response:
| Intestinal morphologic and functional changes occur in human for whom TPN is the sole nutritional source, although the findings in humans are substantially less significant than observed in animal models. The loss of mucosal structure may be sufficient to cause increased intestinal permeability, the clinical significance of which remains to be defined. Enteral nutrition is important in restoring and probably preventing morphologic intestinal changes associated with TPN, and a peptide and free amino acid-based formula supplemented with glutamine and arginine may have some added role. Our findings also suggest sepsis is associated with gut adaptation rather than degradation. |
### Instruction:
Does low-temperature mapping predict site of successful ablation while minimizing myocardial damage?
### Response:
| Low-temperature radiofrequency applications that cause transient AP block predict permanent success when a higher-temperature application is delivered at the same site. The time to achieve conduction block is a function of the temperature set point, and low-temperature tests produce reversible conduction block, suggesting minimal permanent injury. |
### Instruction:
Is nitric oxide activity deficient in spasm arteries of patients with coronary spastic angina?
### Response:
| There is a deficiency in endothelial NO activity in spasm arteries, which leads to the supersensitivity of the artery to the vasodilator effect of nitroglycerin and to the vasoconstrictor effect of acetylcholine in patients with CSA. This deficient endothelial NO activity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary spasm. |
### Instruction:
Does right heart failure chronically stimulate heat shock protein 72 in heart and liver but not in other tissues?
### Response:
| The present study demonstrates that CHF, but not compensatory hypertrophy, is a specific stimulus for chronic HSP72 induction in the heart and liver. On the contrary, CHF does not affect HSP in lungs and peripheral muscles. HSP 72 induction represents an intracellular marker of stress reaction which can persist chronically. |
### Instruction:
Does the solution structure of human thioredoxin complexed with its target from Ref-1 reveal peptide chain reversal?
### Response:
| The orientation of the Ref-1 peptide in the hTRX-Ref-1 complex is opposite to that found in the previously solved complex of hTRX with the target peptide from the transcription factor NF kappa B. Orientation is determined by three discriminating interactions involving the nature of the residues at the P-2' P-4 and P-5 binding positions. (P0 defines the active cysteine of the peptide, Cys65 for Ref-1 and Cys62 for NF kappa B. Positive and negative numbers indicate residues N-terminal and C-terminal to this residue, respectively, and vice versa for NF kappa B as it binds in the opposite orientation.) The environment surrounding the reactive Cys32 of hTRX, as well as the packing of the P+3 to P-4 residues are essentially the same in the two complexes, despite the opposing orientation of the peptide chains. This versatility in substrate recognition permits hTRX to act as a wide-ranging redox regulator for the cell. |
### Instruction:
Does xamoterol improve right ventricular systolic and diastolic function in pulmonary heart disease?
### Response:
| Subacute treatment with xamoterol in patients with PHD improves right ventricular systolic and diastolic function at rest and results in a favourable augmentation in right ventricular function during submaximal exercise. |
### Instruction:
Does pentoxifylline reduce plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha concentration in premature infants with sepsis?
### Response:
| PTXF inhibits production of TNF and may have therapeutic value in the treatment of premature infants with sepsis complicated by shock. |
### Instruction:
Does anterior resection control cancer of the rectum as well as abdominoperineal excision?
### Response:
| The significantly increased number of anterior resections compared with AP excisions of the rectumin did not compromise our results in terms of local recurrence and five year survival, but did reduce the number of permanent colostomies. |
### Instruction:
Is pituitary function altered during the same cycle in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with continuous or cyclic oral contraceptives or a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist?
### Response:
| Increased LH secretion during the week of placebo in the cyclic OC group was associated with a concomitant increase in T. The striking rise in LH secretion after GnRH stimulation in the cyclic OC group may represent increased pituitary sensitivity in patients receiving cyclic OCs regardless of the phase of the treatment cycle, perhaps secondary to increased pituitary stores of LH in these women. |
### Instruction:
Does a family of phosphoinositide 3-kinases in Drosophila identify a new mediator of signal transduction?
### Response:
| A family of PI 3-kinases in Drosophila, including a novel class represented by PI3K_68D, is described. PI3K_68D has the potential to bind to signalling molecules containing SH3 domains, lacks p85-adaptor-binding sequences, has a Ca(2+)-independent phospholipid-binding domain and displays a restricted in vitro substrate specificity, so it could define a novel signal transduction pathway. |
### Instruction:
Is protein kinase C regulated in vivo by three functionally distinct phosphorylations?
### Response:
| Structural and biochemical analyses of native and phosphatase-treated protein kinase C indicate that protein kinase C is processed by three phosphorylations. Firstly, trans-phosphorylation on the activation loop (T500) renders it catalytically competent to autophosphorylate. Secondly, a subsequent autophosphorylation on the carboxyl terminus (T641) maintains catalytic competence. Thirdly, a second autophosphorylation on the carboxyl terminus (S660) regulates the enzyme's subcellular localization. The conservation of each of these residues (or an acidic residue) in conventional, novel and atypical protein kinase Cs underscores the essential role for each in regulating the protein kinase C family. |
### Instruction:
Does negative chronotropic effect of beta-blockade therapy reduce myocardial oxygen expenditure for nonmechanical work?
### Response:
| The negative chronotropic effect of a beta-blocking agent may offset the mechanoenergetical deterioration resulting from its negative inotropic effect through a reduction in oxygen expenditure for nonmechanical work. These findings suggest that the negative chronotropic effect is an important aspect of beta-blockade therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is limitation of myocardial infarct size in the rabbit by ischaemic preconditioning abolished by sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate?
### Response:
| These results support the hypothesis that the cardioprotection afforded by ischaemic preconditioning in the pentabarbitone anaesthetised rabbit is dependent on the opening of KATP channels. |
### Instruction:
Does thromboxane receptor blockade attenuate pulmonary pressor response in porcine single lung transplantation?
### Response:
| Thromboxane does not seem to be among the principal mediators in the pulmonary hypertension after transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Is tissue-specific regulation of glutamine synthetase gene expression in acute pancreatitis confirmed by using interleukin-1 receptor knockout mice?
### Response:
| Cerulein-induced experimental pancreatitis causes an induction in GS mRNA levels in a tissue-specific fashion. IL-1R1 deficiency reduced the ultimate severity of the condition and altered the induction of GS mRNA in the spleen and muscle. |
### Instruction:
Do low concentrations of angiotensin II unmask vasoconstrictory alpha 2-adrenoceptors in isolated perfused kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats?
### Response:
| The results demonstrate a predominant role of vasoconstrictory alpha 1-adrenoceptors over alpha 2-adrenoceptors in SHR and WKY isolated kidneys. Low physiological concentrations of angiotensin II unmask functional vascular alpha 2-adrenoceptors which are slightly more sensitive in SHR than in WKY kidneys. |
### Instruction:
Is the stimulation of mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis to degrade articular cartilage modulated by cartilage itself?
### Response:
| Cartilage constituents released from mildly damaged cartilage tissue, as may be present during the early events of RA. do not modulate the catabolic activity of RA MNC. |
### Instruction:
Does controlled-release theophylline inhibit early morning airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic subjects?
### Response:
| We conclude that an evening dose of controlled-release theophyl line inhibits early morning airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness, and that it may be helpful in the prevention of nocturnal asthma. |
### Instruction:
Do ultrasound biomicroscopy of eyes undergoing deep sclerectomy with collagen implant?
### Response:
| DSCI lowered IOP by allowing aqueous filtration through a thin trabeculocorneal membrane to the subconjunctival space and, eventually, to the suprachoroidal space. |
### Instruction:
Does difference imaging reveal ordered regions of RNA in turnip yellow mosaic virus?
### Response:
| The differences between virus and empty capsid indicate that substantial parts of the RNA are icosahedrally ordered and that the exit of RNA on freeze-thawing is accompanied by the loss of at least one pentamer unit. |
### Instruction:
Does gender affect the degree of induction of tirilazad clearance by phenobarbital?
### Response:
| The results show that phenobarbital induces metabolism of tirilazad and U-89678 similarly in both men and women. Lower levels of tirilazad and U-89678 in SAH patients receiving phenobarbital may adversely impact clinical response. |
### Instruction:
Is gHb a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than fasting or postchallenge plasma glucose in women without diabetes . The Rancho Bernardo Study?
### Response:
| We concluded that GHb is a better predictor of CVD and IHD mortality than FPG or PCPG in women without diabetes; no single measure of glycemia was predictive in men. The reason for the sex difference is unexplained. |
### Instruction:
Does serum hyaluronate predict response to interferon-alpha therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C?
### Response:
| These results suggest that serum hyaluronate and type IV collagen levels reflect the extent of the hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C and also that serum hyaluronate level predicts the response to interferon-alpha therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. |
### Instruction:
Are incisional hernias more common in aneurysmal arterial disease?
### Response:
| Incisional hernia is a common complication of aortic reconstructive surgery, especially in patients with aneurysmal disease. |
### Instruction:
Does preischaemic as well as postischaemic application of a Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor reduces infarct size in pig?
### Response:
| Treatment with HOE 694 leads to a significant reduction in infarct size, even when administered after the onset of ischaemia. Thus, inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange was able to limit cell necrosis. This implicates an important role for Na+/H+ exchange in the pathogenesis of infarct expansion and provides evidence that reperfusion injury exists. However, HOE 694 was even more effective when given before ischaemia, indicating an additional protective effect during ischaemia which might be due to slowing down of a vicious cycle that consumes ATP and generates H+. |
### Instruction:
Does apolipoprotein E genotype influence rates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer 's disease?
### Response:
| These results indicate that the mechanism placing individuals with an epsilon 4 allele at risk for developing AD does not influence the rate of cognitive decline. These observations imply that the influence of apoE epsilon 4 either precedes or occurs at an early point in the AD disease process. |
### Instruction:
Does activation and entrainment mapping define the tricuspid annulus as the anterior barrier in typical atrial flutter?
### Response:
| Closely spaced sites around the tricuspid annulus are activated sequentially, and are all within the flutter circuit according to entrainment criteria. This demonstrates that the tricuspid annulus constitutes a continuous anterior barrier constraining the reentrant wave front of human counterclockwise atrial flutter. |
### Instruction:
Is propionylcarnitine excretion affected by metronidazole administration to patients with disorders of propionate metabolism?
### Response:
| These results suggest an extra-hepatic source and/or differing compartmentation for PC formation from those for the production of other metabolites of propionyl-CoA. |
### Instruction:
Does platelet activating factor mediate cardiopulmonary dysfunction during graded bacteremic shock?
### Response:
| PAF is necessary to the development of systemic vasodilation and hypotension, pulmonary hypertension, decreased stroke volume, metabolic acidosis, and increased oxygen uptake during graded bacteremia. PAF-induced eicosanoid and cytokine release may be involved. |
### Instruction:
Does [ used of endoscopic video-camera in open surgery ]?
### Response:
| We believe that using the endoscopic camera in open surgery is a low-cost alternative to the more sophisticated video camera systems. |
### Instruction:
Do optimization of a breath-hold magnetic resonance gradient echo technique for the detection of interstitial lung disease?
### Response:
| Using standard magnetic resonance software and hardware, it has been possible to use a breath-hold sequence that allows detection and quantification of interstitial lung disease. |
### Instruction:
Is a family history of NIDDM associated with decreased aortic distensibility in normal healthy young adult subjects?
### Response:
| A positive family history of NIDDM is associated with decreased aortic distensibility in early adult life. The relevance of these observations to future cardiovascular events merits further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Are endoluminal ultrasound and low-field magnetic resonance imaging superior to clinical examination in the preoperative staging of rectal cancer?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that MRI seems to underestimate the extension of rectal tumours, but both ELU and MRI can be helpful in selecting patients with advanced tumours for whom preoperative adjuvant treatment is being considered. ELU is superior in staging tumours confined to the rectal wall, and could be of value in the selection of patients whose tumours were suitable for local excision. None of these techniques, however, can reliably identify the extent of lymph node involvement. |
### Instruction:
Does insulin-like growth factor-I enhance immune response in dexamethasone-treated or surgically stressed rats maintained with total parenteral nutrition?
### Response:
| our data demonstrate that IGF-1 enhances immune response during TPN in rats. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Autocrine transforming growth factor-beta stimulate human ovarian cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo ]?
### Response:
| The results suggest that there may be TGF-beta autocrine loop in the two ovarian cancer cell lines, which is associated with autonomous proliferation of COC1 and COC2 cells. |
### Instruction:
Do dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids influence the recovery of thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats?
### Response:
| We conclude that the simultaneous supply of long-chain fatty acids of the omega-3 and the omega-6 series can be beneficial to improve the fatty acid status of this experimental model of liver cirrhosis. |
### Instruction:
Do cytokines directly induce degranulation and superoxide production from human eosinophils?
### Response:
| Certain cytokines directly induce eosinophil degranulation and superoxide production in vitro. Therefore these cytokines may be important in the release of toxic granule proteins from eosinophils in allergic diseases. |
### Instruction:
Are bradykinin and its metabolite , Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe , selective inhibitors of alpha-thrombin-induced platelet activation?
### Response:
| These results indicate that bradykinin and its metabolites are selective antithrombins by preventing alpha-thrombin cleavage of the cloned thrombin receptor between arginine-41 and serine-42. These newly recognized antithrombin peptides, which are termed thrombostatins, contribute to the cardioprotective nature of kinins. |
### Instruction:
Does cardiac vagal reflex modulate intestinal vascular capacitance and ventricular preload in anesthetized dogs with acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the cardiac vagal reflex modulates the decrease in the intestinal vascular capacitance induced by AMI and modulates ventricular preload through pooling of blood in the intestinal circulation. |
### Instruction:
Does serial measurement of serum C-reactive protein facilitate evaluation in alcoholic hepatitis?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the expression of c-reactive protein but not haptoglobin is upregulated in alcohol-induced acute liver injury. Serial measurements of serum c-reactive protein should be useful in assessing the clinical activity of alcoholic hepatitis. |
### Instruction:
Do pleural and pericardial pressures limit fetal right ventricular output?
### Response:
| The chest wall-lung combination and the pericardium each significantly constrain the fetal RV and together limit RV stroke volume. |
### Instruction:
Is endometrial thickness predictive of histologic endometrial maturation in women undergoing hormone replacement for ovum donation?
### Response:
| Endometrial thickness > or = 7 mm in hormone replacement cycles predicts in phase endometrial histology and can replace the endometrial biopsy. |
### Instruction:
Are peritoneal endometriosis and `` endometriotic '' nodules of the rectovaginal septum two different entities?
### Response:
| It is suggested that the rectovaginal endometriotic nodule is a different disease from peritoneal endometriosis and must be called rectovaginal adenomyosis or rectovaginal adenomyoma. Its histopathogenesis probably is not related to the implantation of regurgitated endometrial cells but to the metaplasia of Müllerian rests. |
### Instruction:
Is the immunological pregnancy protective effect of progesterone manifested via controlling cytokine production?
### Response:
| Our data allow the assumption that via blocking IL-12 production PIBF inhibits NK activation with a concomitant reduction of TNF alpha levels. Disturbances in this system might lead to the expression of the known synergistic effect of IL-12 and TNF alpha, resulting in a Th 1 type cytokine dominance and pregnancy termination. |
### Instruction:
Are elevated peripheral blood natural killer cells effectively downregulated by immunoglobulin G infusion in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions?
### Response:
| Downregulation of NK cells in women with RSA is associated with a favorable pregnancy outcome. Peripheral blood NK cells (CD56+, CD56+/16+) are effectively suppressed after IVIg therapy. Women with RSA and high NK cells benefit from IVIg therapy and experience suppression of CD56+ and CD56+/16+ NK cells. |
### Instruction:
Do aromatic interactions define the binding of the alphavirus spike to its nucleocapsid?
### Response:
| We suggest that aromatic residues in the capsid protein serve to bind the side chain of the essential E2 tyrosine providing both specificity for spike incorporation and energy for budding. The same hydrophobic pocket also appears to play a role in capsid assembly. Furthermore, the results suggest that budding may occur in the absence of preformed nucleocapsids. This is the first demonstration of the molecular mechanisms of spike-nucleocapsid interactions during virus budding. |
### Instruction:
Are two structurally different RNA molecules bound by the spliceosomal protein U1A using the same recognition strategy?
### Response:
| In the U1A-3'UTR complex, sequence-specific interactions are made entirely by the conserved heptanucleotide and the last base pair (C:G) of the stem. The structure is stabilized by protein-protein contacts and by electrostatic interactions between basic amino acids of the protein and the phosphate backbone of the RNA stem regions. The formation of a protein dimer necessary for the inhibition of poly(A) polymerase requires a conformational change of the C termini of the proteins upon RNA binding. This mechanism could prevent the inhibition of poly(A) polymerase by free U1A protein. The model is consistent with biochemical data, and the protein-protein interactions within the 3'UTR complex account for the cooperativity of U1A protein binding to the 3'UTR. The model also serves as an important structural guide for designing further experiments to understand the interaction between the U1A-3'UTR complex and poly(A) polymerase. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Glutamine dipeptide enriched nutritional solutions attenuate bacterial translocation in rats after 60 % intestinal resections ]?
### Response:
| Results demonstrate that Ala-Gln enriched nutritional solutions maintain intestinal adaptation and gut barrier function after massive intestinal resection. |
### Instruction:
Does melatonin prevent ischemia reperfusion injury in hamster cheek pouch microcirculation?
### Response:
| The beneficial effect of ME may be related to its antioxidant properties. These protect the endothelial barrier integrity as well as preserve microvascular blood perfusion by dysfunctions after I-R. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of white blood cell adhesion at reperfusion decrease tissue damage in postischemic striated muscle?
### Response:
| Our data support an important role for WBCs in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Interfering with the WBC-endothelium interactions by using monoclonal antibodies directed against WBCs and endothelial cell adhesion molecules may help to limit ischemia-reperfusion injury. |
### Instruction:
Is nitric oxide-associated regulation of hepatocyte glutathione synthesis a guanylyl cyclase-independent event?
### Response:
| In this system of cultured rat hepatocytes, cytokine-mediated NO synthesis may be protective in states of oxidative stress through regulation of glutathione synthesis. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-10 prevent death in lethal necrotizing pancreatitis in mice?
### Response:
| These results suggested that macrophages play an integral role in determining the severity of acute pancreatitis in this animal model. The finding that IL-10 decreased inflammation and prevented death, even when given after acute pancreatitis was established, suggests that it may have potential for clinical use. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-12 treatment restore normal resistance to bacterial challenge after burn injury?
### Response:
| IL-12 is the most effective therapy so far tested in this burn plus CLP model. It acts at least in part through IFN-gamma. However, IFN-gamma therapy was not as effective as IL-12. |
### Instruction:
Does active immunotherapy with transiently transfected cytokine-secreting tumor cells inhibit breast cancer metastases in tumor-bearing animals?
### Response:
| These results suggest that active immunization strategies with cytokine gene-modified tumor cells generated by clinically relevant gene delivery systems may prove useful in inhibiting the development of metastases from primary breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Do integrated backscatter for quantification of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast?
### Response:
| Integrated backscatter provides an objective quantitative measure of SEC that correlates well with qualitative grade and is closely associated with clinical and echocardiographic predictors of thromboembolism. The relationship between integrated backscatter measures and cardioembolic risk will be defined in future multicenter studies. |
### Instruction:
Does wool and grain dust stimulate TNF secretion by alveolar macrophages in vitro?
### Response:
| LPS and other unidentified leachable substances present on the surface of grain dust, and to a lesser extent on wool dust, are a trigger for TNF release by lung macrophages. Wool dust particles themselves stimulate TNF. TNF release from macrophages could contribute to enhancement of inflammatory responses and symptoms of bronchitis and breathlessness in workers exposed to organic dusts such as wool and grain. |
### Instruction:
Is helicobacter colonization of biopsy specimens cultured in vitro dependent on both mucosal type and bacterial strain?
### Response:
| On the basis of tissue viability, bacterial colonization, and adhesion, pig antral mucosa is clearly superior. H. pylori strains differ in their ability to adhere to and colonize cultured mucosa. |
### Instruction:
Are associated urologic anomalies in low imperforate anus capable of causing significant morbidity : a 15-year experience?
### Response:
| We conclude that 30% of patients with low imperforate anus would have associated urologic anomalies, several of which are capable of causing significant morbidity. Thus, all patients with imperforate anus, whether high or low, need to be screened for associated urologic anomalies. |
### Instruction:
Are kinins or nitric oxide , or both , involved in the antitrophic effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on diabetes-associated mesenteric vascular hypertrophy in the rat?
### Response:
| The antitrophic effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on diabetic mesenteric arteries is mediated by inhibition of angiotensin II and by actions on the kinin-nitric oxide pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does high-dose intravenous magnesium attenuate complement consumption after acute myocardial infarction treated by streptokinase?
### Response:
| (1) Complement elements are being consumed following acute myocardial infarction treated by streptokinase. (2) High-dose intravenous magnesium attenuates the complement process following acute myocardial infarction. (3) These results might signify that magnesium modulates the inflammatory response that follows infarction. |
### Instruction:
Does dissection of a retrovirus envelope protein reveal structural similarity to influenza hemagglutinin?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrate that the MMLV TM subunit can fold into a stable and distinct species in the absence of the receptor-binding 'surface' co-subunit (SU) of the envelope complex. As the SU subunit is readily shed from the surface of the virus, we conclude that the TM subunit structure forms the core of the MMLV membrane-fusion machinery, and that this structure, like the fusion-active conformation of influenza hemagglutinin, contains a three-stranded coiled coil adjacent to the fusion peptide. |
### Instruction:
Is cytokine-induced nitric oxide synthase gene transcription blocked by the heat shock response in human liver cells?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that the HSR inhibits cytokine-induced NOS2 expression and NO synthesis in AKN-1 cells by preventing NOS2 promoter activation. Effects on NOS2 protein translation or stability were not observed. These data suggest that the HSR, which is expressed in the liver after trauma, shock, or ischemia-reperfusion, blocks NOS2 gene expression at the transcriptional level. |
### Instruction:
Does induction of specific tolerance through mixed hematopoietic chimerism prevent chronic renal allograft rejection in a rat model?
### Response:
| Induction of specific tolerance through mixed hematopoietic chimerism prevents chronic renal allograft rejection. These results support the hypothesis of an immunologic basis of chronic rejection and advance previous observations that the induction of specific tolerance enables long-term solid organ transplantation without the use of immunosuppression. |
### Instruction:
Does insulin-like growth factor-I attenuate delayed graft function in a canine renal autotransplantation model?
### Response:
| Perfusion and storage of kidneys with preservation solution supplemented with IGF-I can attenuate the course of delayed graft function in a canine renal autotransplantation model. IGF-I may have potential for use in cadaveric human renal transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Does expression of the somatostatin receptor subtype-2 gene predict response of human pancreatic cancer to octreotide?
### Response:
| Octreotide-mediated inhibition of pancreatic cancer growth is dependent on expression of somatostatin receptors. The expression of somatostatin receptors should be considered in the design and interpretation of clinical trials with somatostatin analogs for treatment of pancreatic cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is the DD genotype of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene associated with increased mortality in idiopathic heart failure?
### Response:
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene DD polymorphism was associated with poorer survival and an increase in left ventricular mass in patients with idiopathic heart failure. The results suggest a possible pathophysiologic pathway between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism, angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, myocardial hypertrophy and survival. Therefore, the DD genotype may be a marker of poor prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. |
### Instruction:
Does digoxin reduce cardiac sympathetic activity in severe congestive heart failure?
### Response:
| Digoxin, in the absence of detectable inotropic or hemodynamic effects, caused a reduction in cardiac norepinephrine spillover in patients with heart failure who had elevated filling pressures. This finding suggests a potentially beneficial primary autonomic action of digoxin in patients with severe heart failure. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Severity scores underestimate the seriousness of acute renal failure after emergency surgery ]?
### Response:
| Conventional severity scores are inaccurate for prediction of mortality in patients with acute renal failure following emergency surgery. |
### Instruction:
Does propofol influence the electroretinogram to a lesser degree than thiopentone?
### Response:
| Propofol accordingly appeared to preserve the photoreceptor response better than thiopentone, and may therefore be considered to be more suitable for ERG recordings than thiopentone. |
### Instruction:
Are stiffness judgments affected by visual occlusion?
### Response:
| The data from this study suggest that vision needs to be controlled when using manual tests to judge PA spinal stiffness. |
### Instruction:
Does an oligosaccharide sialyl-Lewis ( x ) analogue reduce myocardial infarct size after ischemia and reperfusion in dogs?
### Response:
| We conclude that CY-1503 does not substantially or consistently reduce myocardial infarct size or neutrophil accumulation in dogs subjected to ischemia followed by a prolonged period (48 hours) of reperfusion. |
### Instruction:
Does blood manganese correlate with brain magnetic resonance imaging changes in patients with liver disease?
### Response:
| These findings demonstrate that chronic liver disease is associated with manganese overload and suggest that manganese is responsible for the T1-weighted signal hyperintensity seen on MRI of patients with liver disease. As manganese intoxication is known to cause parkinsonism and an encephalopathy similar to those which occur with chronic liver disease, it is possible that manganese toxicity contributes to the development of these symptoms in liver damaged patients and that therapies which prevent or reduce manganese overload may have clinical benefit. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Gonadotropins stimulate the proliferation of human epithelial ovarian cancer cell ]?
### Response:
| It is suggested that FSH and LH can stimulate the proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer cell, and they may play an important in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does coenzyme Q10 protect coronary endothelial function from ischemia reperfusion injury via an antioxidant effect?
### Response:
| Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation is more sensitive than endothelium-independent relaxation to I/R injury. Via a direct antioxidant effect, CoQ preserved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by improving tolerance to I/R injury. |
### Instruction:
Does overnight dexamethasone pre-treatment improve the performance of the lysine-vasopressin test in the diagnosis of Cushing 's syndrome?
### Response:
| These results confirm our hypothesis and suggest that an improved performance of any corticotroph stimulus (oCRH, LVP, AVP or desmopressin) in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome should result from pre-treatment with dexamethasone. |
### Instruction:
Does six-month overnight administration of intraperitoneal amino acids improve lean mass?
### Response:
| Reduction in the amount of glucose in the peritoneal dialysate and the addition of amino acids decreases, whereas continuous dialysis with overnight glucose increases upper body fat over a 6-month period. However, no changes in protein stores were observed with the addition of amino acids. Therefore overnight peritoneal dialysis with amino acids offers minor advantages to protein-malnourished patients on CAPD, but may be of benefit in overweight CAPD patients. |
### Instruction:
Does pretreatment p53 immunoreactivity infer radioresistance in prostate cancer patients?
### Response:
| No disadvantage regarding survival was seen for patients with p53 immunoreactive tumors, implicating that p53 immunoreactivity does not infer radioresistance in prostate cancer. This suggests that the p53 inactivation may be a less important determinant of tumor response to radiotherapy in some human cancers than in the previously studied experimental situations. Thus, other mechanisms may be more important in determining outcome after radiation. However, the series is small and data should be interpreted with caution. |
### Instruction:
Do subfoveal fibrovascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration express vascular endothelial growth factor?
### Response:
| Results indicate that VEGF may be of pathogenetic importance for the development of the choroidal neovascularization (age-related macular degeneration) and also may implicate a role of fibroblasts of presumable choroidal origin in this process. |
### Instruction:
Does platelet activating factor inhibit fluid transport by corneal endothelium?
### Response:
| Results suggest that PAF inhibits transendothelial fluid transport on binding to an endothelial cell receptor for it; continuous stimulation of a PAF-induced signaling cascade may lead to such inhibition. From these and other results, fluid transport might result from cascades activating sequentially basolateral and apical transporters or channels. |
### Instruction:
Do percutaneous transluminal stent placement to treat subclavian steal syndrome?
### Response:
| Percutaneous transluminal stent placement may be an effective treatment of subclavian steal syndrome in patients with lesions that are refractory to traditional angioplasty. |
### Instruction:
Does arachidonic acid disrupt calcium dynamics in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes?
### Response:
| The present data provide evidence that the initial action of AA on [Ca2+]i transients during excitation-contraction coupling involves an effect of AA on sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling. AA-induced cessation of electrically induced [Ca2+]i transients and Ca2+ overload may involve the formation of free radicals. |
### Instruction:
Does aspirin potentiate effect of suboptimal dose of the thrombin inhibitor inogatran during coronary thrombolysis?
### Response:
| These data show that high dose of direct thrombin inhibitor inogatran shortens time to reflow and abolishes coronary artery reocclusion. However, aspirin does not potentiate the effect of suboptimal doses of inogatran. |
### Instruction:
Is acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in man attenuated by type I angiotensin II receptor blockade?
### Response:
| Losartan had no effect on baseline pulmonary haemodynamics but significantly attenuated acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, suggesting that angiotensin II plays a role in modulating this response in man via its effects on the type 1 angiotensin II receptor. |
### Instruction:
Does dietary magnesium deficiency increase Gi alpha levels in the rat heart after myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| The findings suggest that dietary Mg deficiency increases the expression of Gi alpha in the heart after MI, while levels and function of Gs alpha are not compromised during dietary Mg deficiency either with or without MI. |
### Instruction:
Is repair of anterior leaflet prolapse : chordal transfer superior to chordal shortening?
### Response:
| We conclude that chordal transfer is superior to chordal shortening, providing a more predictable correction of mitral regurgitation and a lower incidence of reoperation. Reoperations after chordal shortening are a result of rupture of the previously shortened chordae. |
### Instruction:
Is once daily mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray as effective as twice daily beclomethasone dipropionate for treating perennial allergic rhinitis patients?
### Response:
| Mometasone furoate nasal spray adequately controls symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis, offers the advantage of once daily treatment, and is well tolerated. |
### Instruction:
Is tumor necrosis factor-alpha released from the isolated heart undergoing ischemia and reperfusion?
### Response:
| To our knowledge, this study is the first to suggest that the isolated rat myocardium synthesizes and releases TNF-alpha in response to ischemia and reperfusion, which directly correlates with the postischemic deterioration in myocardial mechanical performance and the amount of cellular necrosis. |
### Instruction:
Does nitric oxide regulate insulin secretion in the isolated perfused human pancreas via a cholinergic mechanism?
### Response:
| These data show that infusion of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NMMA suppressed cholinergic-stimulated insulin secretion but did not affect glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We conclude that nitric oxide regulates insulin secretion in the isolated perfused human pancreas. |
### Instruction:
Does pentoxifylline maintain vascular endothelial cell function during hyperdynamic and hypodynamic sepsis?
### Response:
| Because pentoxifylline prevented endothelial cell dysfunction at 10 and 20 hours after CLP occurred, this agent appears to be a useful agent for maintaining vascular endothelial function during the hyperdynamic and hypodynamic stages of polymicrobial sepsis. |
### Instruction:
Are vascular ATP-sensitive potassium channels over-expressed and partially regulated by nitric oxide in experimental septic shock?
### Response:
| Vascular K(ATP) but not BK(Ca) channels are activated, over-expressed, and partially regulated by NO via NF-κB activation during septic shock. Their selective inhibition restores arterial pressure and vascular reactivity and decreases lactate concentration. The present data suggest that selective vascular K(ATP) channel inhibitors offer potential therapeutic perspectives for septic shock. |
### Instruction:
Does factor inhibiting HIF ( FIH-1 ) promote renal cancer cell survival by protecting cells from HIF-1α-mediated apoptosis?
### Response:
| Our results support a unifying model in which HIF-1α has a tumour suppressor action in CCRCC, held in check by FIH-1. Inhibiting FIH-1 in CCRCC could be used to bias the HIF response towards HIF-1α and decrease tumour cell viability. |
### Instruction:
Is resistance of uveal melanoma to the interstrand cross-linking agent mitomycin C associated with reduced expression of CYP450R?
### Response:
| We suggest that reduced expression of CYP450R is responsible for MMC resistance of UM, through a lack of bioactivation, which can be reversed by complementing UM cell lines with CYP450R. |
### Instruction:
Does hepatic autophagy mediate endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced degradation of misfolded apolipoprotein B?
### Response:
| Taken together, these data suggest that induction of ER stress leads to markedly enhanced apoB autophagy in a PERK-dependent pathway, which can be blocked with the chemical chaperone 4-phenyl butyric acid. ApoB autophagy rather than proteasomal degradation may be a more pertinent physiological mechanism regulating hepatic lipoprotein production in primary hepatocytes. |
### Instruction:
Does dimeric IVIG contain natural anti-Siglec-9 autoantibodies and their anti-idiotypes?
### Response:
| Our study supports the concept that idiotype-anti-idiotype (Id-anti-Id) interactions contribute to the dimer formation in IVIG preparations. To our knowledge, this is the first description of Id-anti-Id dimers of death receptor-specific antibodies in IVIG. Such Id-anti-Id interactions might determine the activity of immunomodulatory antibodies present both in IVIG and the patient. |
### Instruction:
Does cytoplasmic overexpression of CD95L in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells overcome resistance to CD95-mediated apoptosis?
### Response:
| CD95L localization in EA cells is inconsistent with the conference of immune privilege and is more consistent with a function that promotes tumor growth through alternative CD95 signaling. Reduced cell surface expression of CD95 affects cell sensitivity to extracellular apoptotic signals more significantly than alterations in downstream modulators of apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Is rRM1 gene expression in peripheral blood predictive of shorter survival in Chinese patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated by gemcitabine and platinum?
### Response:
| Patients with low RRM1 expression levels in peripheral blood have a greater response to chemotherapy and longer survival time. Advanced NSCLC patients with low RRM1 expression levels may benefit from gemcitabine plus platinum therapy. RRM1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood could be used to predict the prognosis of NSCLC treated by gemcitabine and platinum. |
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