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### Instruction:
Are on the impact of dose rate variation upon RapidArc implementation of volumetric modulated therapy?
### Response:
| A trend toward improved plan quality for clinical cases was observed with high DR but cannot be generalized, due to the limited amount of cases investigated and the consequent limited significance of the observed differences. As a minimum benefit, the reduced total treatment time should be considered as well. |
### Instruction:
Does irbesartan treatment influence plasma levels of the advanced glycation end products N ( epsilon ) ( 1-carboxymethyl ) lysine and N ( epsilon ) ( 1-carboxyethyl ) lysine in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria . A randomized controlled trial?
### Response:
| Long-term irbesartan treatment does not influence plasma levels of the AGE CML and CEL in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria. |
### Instruction:
Does neuronal Sirt3 protect against excitotoxic injury in mouse cortical neuron culture?
### Response:
| This study demonstrated for the first time that mitochondrial Sirt3 acts as a prosurvival factor playing an essential role to protect neurons under excitotoxic injury. |
### Instruction:
Does ephrinB/EphB signaling control embryonic germ layer separation by contact-induced cell detachment?
### Response:
| This mechanism differs from a simple differential adhesion process of germ layer formation. Instead, it involves localized responses to signals exchanged at the tissue boundary and an attachment/detachment cycle which allows for cell migration across a cellular substratum. |
### Instruction:
Is aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 expression a predictor of poor prognosis in node-positive breast cancers : a long-term follow-up study?
### Response:
| ALDH1 expression in primary cancer is an independent prognostic factor in node-positive breast cancer patients. |
### Instruction:
Does cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors increase nitric oxide production by modulating dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases?
### Response:
| Combined inhibition of PDE3 and 4 regresses development of pulmonary hypertension and promotes endothelial regeneration by modulating the ADMA-DDAH axis. |
### Instruction:
Is anaesthetic impairment of immune function mediated via GABA ( A ) receptors?
### Response:
| Our results show that functional GABA(A) receptors are present on monocytes with properties similar to CNS GABA(A) receptors. The functional data provide a possible explanation as to why chronic propofol and thiopental administration can increase the risk of infection in critically ill patients: their action on GABA(A) receptors inhibits normal monocyte behaviour. The data also suggest a potential solution: monocyte GABA(A) receptors are insensitive to diazepam, thus the use of benzodiazepines as an alternative anesthetising agent may be advantageous where infection is a life threatening problem. |
### Instruction:
Does even short-time storage in physiological saline solution impair endothelial vascular function of saphenous vein grafts?
### Response:
| Even short-time storage in PSS significantly impairs endothelial vascular function. Concerning the essential role of a faultless endothelial layer, the quite common use of PSS as a storage solution for SVSs in CABG surgery has to be discussed critically. |
### Instruction:
Does premature cardiovascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus influence survival after renal transplantation?
### Response:
| Transplant patients with SLE have a graft survival rate that matches that of recipients with non-SLE glomerulonephritis. SLE patients who receive transplants have a lower survival rate than control patients. The excessive mortality in SLE is attributed to a greater number of cardiovascular deaths. |
### Instruction:
Does modified-release sildenafil reduce Raynaud 's phenomenon attack frequency in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate that modified-release sildenafil reduced attack frequency in patients with RP secondary to lcSSc and was well tolerated. Modified-release sildenafil may be a treatment option in this patient population. |
### Instruction:
Are mast cells a source of transforming growth factor β in systemic sclerosis?
### Response:
| Degranulation of skin mast cells can be an important mechanism of TGFβ secretion in SSc. |
### Instruction:
Does internalization of oncolytic reovirus by human dendritic cell carriers protect the virus from neutralization?
### Response:
| The delivery of reovirus via DC could be a promising new approach offering the possibility of combining systemic viral therapy for metastatic disease with induction of an antitumor immune response. |
### Instruction:
Does a high-throughput proteomic approach provide distinct signatures for thyroid cancer behavior?
### Response:
| Different proteomic signatures validate the distinction of classic and FVPTC and provide a practical clinical mechanism to predict the thyroid cancer behavior and stratify patients for clinical management. |
### Instruction:
Are belatacept-based regimens associated with improved cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors compared with cyclosporine in kidney transplant recipients ( BENEFIT and BENEFIT-EXT studies )?
### Response:
| At month 12, belatacept regimens were associated with better cardiovascular and metabolic risk profiles, with lower blood pressure and serum lipids and less NODAT versus CsA. The overall profile of belatacept will continue to be assessed over the 3-year trials. |
### Instruction:
Do patterns of pancreatic resection differ between patients with familial and sporadic pancreatic cancer?
### Response:
| Familial PC patients appear to develop tumors outside of the pancreatic head more frequently than sporadic PC patients. This difference in tumor distribution may be due to a broader area of cancer susceptibility within the pancreas for familial PC patients. |
### Instruction:
Does engineered cartilage maturation regulate cytokine production and interleukin-1β response?
### Response:
| Our observations suggest more mature cartilaginous tissues are more resistant to IL-1β exposure and can activate chemokines required to initiate tissue repair processes. |
### Instruction:
Is exhaled breath condensate sampling a new method for detection of respiratory viruses?
### Response:
| Although very promising, EBC collection using the RTube™ is not reliable for diagnosis of respiratory infections. |
### Instruction:
Is hepatitis B virus X protein essential to initiate and maintain virus replication after infection?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrate that HBx is required to initiate and maintain HBV replication and highlight HBx as the key regulator during the natural infection process. |
### Instruction:
Do insulin-like growth factor-1 fused with thrombopoietin mimetic peptide effectively increase platelets count in vivo?
### Response:
| Experiments in mice and biology activity assay, which can effectively increase the number of platelets, indicated that it has a potential role in pharmaceutical applications for the treatment of thrombocytopenia. |
### Instruction:
Does parenchymal expression of CD40 exacerbate adenovirus-induced hepatitis in mice?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrate that hepatic CD40 expression does not accelerate adenoviral clearance but rather exacerbates liver injury. This study unveils a previously unknown deleterious effect of hepatic CD40 on adenovirus-induced liver inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Are whole blood lead levels associated with radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis : a cross-sectional analysis in the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project?
### Response:
| Increases in the prevalence and severity measures for both radiographically and symptomatically confirmed knee OA (although statistically significant only for rOA) were observed with increasing levels of blood Pb, suggesting that Pb may be a potentially modifiable environmental risk factor for OA. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Passive leg raising predict volume responsiveness in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock ]?
### Response:
| PLR can be used generally to predict volume responsiveness accurately in severe sepsis and septic shock patients, and it can be used to direct clinical practice. |
### Instruction:
Do high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 levels strongly influence the reactivity of small peripheral arteries?
### Response:
| HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 levels had a strong, positive correlation with small artery reactive hyperaemia, whereas smoking, waist circumference and triglyceride levels were inversely associated. HDL cholesterol was the main determinant of RHI in small peripheral resistance arteries. |
### Instruction:
Does noradrenergic enhancement improve motor network connectivity in stroke patients?
### Response:
| The data suggest that noradrenergic stimulation by RBX may help to modulate the pathologically altered motor network architecture in stroke patients, resulting in increased coupling of ipsilesional motor areas and thereby improved motor function. |
### Instruction:
Does binding of human milk to pathogen receptor DC-SIGN vary with bile salt-stimulated lipase ( BSSL ) gene polymorphism?
### Response:
| The observed variation in DC-SIGN binding properties among milk samples may have implications for the risk of mucosal transmission of pathogens during breastfeeding. |
### Instruction:
Do tLR2 polymorphisms influence neonatal regulatory T cells depending on maternal atopy?
### Response:
| Genetic variations of TLR2, TLR1, and TLR10 affect Treg marker gene expression in cord blood. Gene-immunological interactions of the TLR pathway influence Tregs early in life, modulated by maternal atopy. This may be relevant for immune maturation in the development of atopic diseases in childhood. |
### Instruction:
Are troponin I and C-reactive protein commonly detected in patients with breast cancer treated with dose-dense chemotherapy incorporating trastuzumab and lapatinib?
### Response:
| In patients receiving ddAC → PTL, cTnIs are commonly detected. These elevations may precede changes in LVEF but, as assessed in this trial, do not predict CHF. |
### Instruction:
Does a strategy of rapid cardioversion minimize the significance of early recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias after ablation for atrial fibrillation?
### Response:
| The time at which the first recurrence of AF/AFL occurs impacts long-term outcomes. An aggressive strategy of rapid cardioversion postablation reduces the significance of recurrent AF/AFL during the first 6 months. |
### Instruction:
Does the c.-237_236GA > TT THAP1 sequence variant does not increase risk for primary dystonia?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate that the c.-237_236GA>TT THAP1 sequence variant does not increase risk for adult-onset primary dystonia in Caucasians. |
### Instruction:
Does lumbar spine bone mineral density predict endothelial reactivity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?
### Response:
| Lumbar vertebral BMD predicted endothelial reactivity in SLE patients without clinically-overt bone loss and atherosclerosis. Thus, early atherosclerotic disease should be considered in lupus patients especially if vertebral bone loss is evident. |
### Instruction:
Is rANKL expression related to treatment outcome of patients with localized , high-grade osteosarcoma?
### Response:
| The RANKL-RANK-OPG axis might be a promising target for the treatment of osteosarcoma, but further studies are needed to verify our data in a larger cohort. |
### Instruction:
Does prolonged mechanical ventilation induce cell cycle arrest in newborn rat lung?
### Response:
| This is the first demonstration that prolonged (24 h) of mechanical ventilation causes cell cycle arrest in newborn rat lungs; the arrest occurs in G₁ and is caused by increased expression and nuclear localization of Cdk inhibitor proteins (p27(Kip1), p57(Kip2)) from the Kip family. |
### Instruction:
Is inflammatory bowel disease associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events?
### Response:
| An increased incidence of CAD events was noted in IBD patients despite having a lower burden of traditional risk factors. Additionally, these risk factors had a lower impact on CAD development in the IBD group. Further investigation into how nontraditional risk factors, including WBC count, and the effect of attenuating systemic inflammation in IBD patients change CAD risk is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Are the delivery mode and seasonal variation associated with the development of postpartum depression?
### Response:
| This study provides a reference for gynecologists, obstetricians and health providers that should help with the prevention of PD among pregnant women and mothers. |
### Instruction:
Does α1-adrenoceptor activation induce phosphorylation of β2-adrenoceptors in human prostate tissue?
### Response:
| • Activation of α1-adrenoceptors causes phosphorylation of β2-adrenoceptors in the human prostate. This may enhance α1-adrenergic contraction and is possibly mediated by GRK2, which is expressed in prostate smooth muscle. • Mutual regulation between different adrenergic receptors might be involved in the therapeutic effects of α1-blockers in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. |
### Instruction:
Do occlusive IOLs for intractable diplopia demonstrate a novel near-infrared window of transmission for SLO/OCT imaging and clinical assessment?
### Response:
| In this study, a novel NIR window of high-level transmission was identified across the occlusive IOLs with applications to SLO/OCT imaging and NIR-based clinical assessment. The ability to acquire high-quality SLO/OCT scans to detect posterior pole disease may fundamentally change the current view on occlusive IOLs and encourage their use in patients with intractable diplopia. |
### Instruction:
Are the RANTES gene promoter polymorphisms associated with the risk of atherothrombotic cerebral infarction in Northern Han Chinese?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that the -403AA genotype and A allele of the RANTES promoter were associated with increased risk for the development of ACI in male Northern Han Chinese. |
### Instruction:
Are high concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine associated with ST-segment resolution failure after reperfusion for acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Admission concentrations of ADMA appeared to be useful for early risk stratification in reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. |
### Instruction:
Is bloodstream infection after elective liver transplantation associated with increased mortality in patients with cirrhosis?
### Response:
| Bloodstream infection post-LT was associated with increased severity of illness on admission, greater requirements for organ support, and increased mortality. |
### Instruction:
Does moderate exercise improve depression parameters in treatment-resistant patients with major depressive disorder?
### Response:
| A 12 week, home-based exercise program of 30-45 min/day walks, 5 days/week, improved depression and functioning parameters in treatment-resistant MDD patients, and contributed to remission of 26% of these patients. Moderate intensity exercise may be a helpful and effective adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant MDD. |
### Instruction:
Does rural EMS en route IV insertion improve IV insertion success rates and EMS scene time?
### Response:
| EMS IV insertion en route significantly decreases on-scene time and improves IV insertion success rates. |
### Instruction:
Does topical gentamicin provide any additional anastomotic strength when combined with fibrin glue?
### Response:
| The combination of topical gentamicin and fibrin glue had little effect because the combination did not provide additional anastomotic strength or decrease the number of adhesions when compared with fibrin glue alone. |
### Instruction:
Is cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with uraemia related to pre-diabetes?
### Response:
| The prevalence of CAN and impaired glucose tolerance is high in uraemic patients, but impaired glucose tolerance seems to play no significant role in the aetiology of CAN in uraemic patients. |
### Instruction:
Does positron emission tomography-computed tomography have a clinical impact for patients with cervical cancer?
### Response:
| PET-CT is useful in the identification of metastatic disease in cervical cancer and it may assist optimal treatment planning; especially in International Federation of Gynecologists & Obstetricians (FIGO) stage > I cancers. Histological verification of PET-positive findings is necessary. The clinical value of PET-CT in early stage cervical cancer may be questioned. |
### Instruction:
Is the histone methyltransferase and putative oncoprotein MMSET overexpressed in a large variety of human tumors?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that MMSET has a broader role in cancer than previously anticipated, and further analysis might qualify it as a prognostic marker and a target for the development of therapy against several types of cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does targeting galectin-1 in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts inhibit oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis by downregulating MCP-1/CCL2 expression?
### Response:
| Our findings demonstrate that Gal-1 regulates CAF activation and indicate that targeting Gal-1 in CAFs inhibits OSCC metastasis by modulating MCP-1 expression. |
### Instruction:
Does early but not late allograft nephrectomy reduce allosensitization after transplant failure?
### Response:
| Allograft nephrectomy may play a role in limiting allosensitization in patients with early but not late graft failures. |
### Instruction:
Is exposure to environmental tobacco smoke associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis?
### Response:
| Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is associated with an increased risk for multiple sclerosis. Since smoking, but not usage of oral tobacco in the form of moist snuff, is associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis, we consider that the critical effects of passive smoking may be the result of irritations in the lungs. Hence, further studies would be valuable in order to clarify whether other forms of lung irritation, such as air pollution, contribute to the triggering of multiple sclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Is association of core promoter mutations of hepatitis B virus and viral load different in HBeAg ( + ) and HBeAg ( - ) patients?
### Response:
| The percentage of HBeAg(-) patients is high in Indonesia, and most of the HBeAg(-) patients had been seroconverted. The A1896 mutation was most likely the major cause of HBeAg loss. The T1762/A1764 mutation alone was associated with lower viral loads in HBeAg(+) patients, but not in HBeAg(-) patients. |
### Instruction:
Does glutamine depletion induce murine neonatal melena with increased apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium?
### Response:
| Glutamine is an important alimentary component for the maintenance of intestinal mucosa. Glutamine deprivation can cause instability of the intestinal epithelial alignment by increased apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Does activation of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway confer adverse outcome in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma?
### Response:
| This study provides clinical evidence that activated components of mTOR pathway, not total protein, are predictors of poor prognosis in NSCLC. Moreover, evaluating protein-expression profiles of these molecules might be a new strategy for individual therapy in subjects with NSCLC. |
### Instruction:
Does proteasome inhibition aggravate tumor necrosis factor-mediated bone resorption in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis?
### Response:
| In TNF-mediated bone destruction, bortezomib treatment increased synovial osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction. Hence, proteasome inhibition may have a direct bone-resorptive effect via stimulation of osteoclastogenesis during chronic arthritis. |
### Instruction:
Do cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles target surface vimentin on cancer cells?
### Response:
| Surface vimentin levels varied during cell cycle and among the cell lines tested. Surface vimentin expression correlated with cowpea mosaic virus uptake, underscoring the utility of cowpea mosaic virus to detect invasive cancer cells. Targeting to tumor xenografts was observed; homing was based on the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Our data provide novel insights into the role of surface vimentin in cancer and targeting nanoparticles in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does hypodipsia discriminate progressive supranuclear palsy from other parkinsonian syndromes?
### Response:
| Hypodipsia appears helpful in differentiating PSP from PD and MSA-P. |
### Instruction:
Is `` Theory of mind '' impaired in Huntington 's disease?
### Response:
| The present study shows that patients with HD have deficits in ToM similar to schizophrenia. The association of impaired ToM with function needs to be established in future studies using rating scales that more specifically address interpersonal problems. |
### Instruction:
Does inactivation of the transcription factor STAT-4 prevent inflammation-driven fibrosis in animal models of systemic sclerosis?
### Response:
| The results of this study demonstrate that the transcription factor STAT-4 exerts potent profibrotic effects by controlling T cell activation and proliferation and cytokine release. These findings confirm the results of genetics studies on the role of STAT-4 in the development of SSc. |
### Instruction:
Is metabolic syndrome associated with high grade Gleason score when prostate cancer is diagnosed on biopsy?
### Response:
| In our single center study, MS is associated with an increased risk of high grade Gleason score when prostate cancer is diagnosed on biopsy. However, these results should be confirmed in a larger multicenter study. . |
### Instruction:
Does oral exposure to acrolein exacerbate atherosclerosis in apoE-null mice?
### Response:
| Dietary exposure to acrolein exacerbates atherosclerosis in apoE-null mice. Consumption of foods and beverages rich in unsaturated aldehydes such as acrolein may be a contributing factor to the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. |
### Instruction:
Is acute skeletal injury necessary for human adipose-derived stromal cell-mediated calvarial regeneration?
### Response:
| Although human ASCs can be utilized to heal an acute mouse calvarial defect, they do not enhance healing of an established (or chronic) defect. Endogenous BMP signaling activated after injury may explain these differences in healing. Platelet-rich plasma enhances osteogenic differentiation of human ASCs in vitro and may prove a promising therapy for future skeletal tissue engineering efforts. |
### Instruction:
Is monosodium glutamate related to a higher increase in blood pressure over 5 years : findings from the Jiangsu Nutrition Study of Chinese adults?
### Response:
| MSG intake may have independent BP-increasing effects, especially among women and those taking hypertension medications at baseline and follow-up. |
### Instruction:
Is epidemic optic neuropathy evident in the Somalian population?
### Response:
| Epidemic levels of optic neuropathy are evident in Somalia. The extent of visual loss in the first month emphasizes the need to initiate treatment early in the course of the disease. Training and establishing health surveillance systems in community clinics may form a central component to this strategy. |
### Instruction:
Does noncirrhotic human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induce portal hypertension in relation to the histological degree of steatosis?
### Response:
| Human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease can, even in the absence of significant fibrosis, induce portal hypertension, correlated with the severity of the steatosis. |
### Instruction:
Do pathways and mechanisms in adolescence contribute to adult health inequalities?
### Response:
| We find the Adolescent Pathway Model useful for providing an overview of what elements and mechanisms in adolescence may be of special importance for adult health inequalities. There is a lack of knowledge of how social patterns of health, health behaviours, and social relations in adolescence transfer into adulthood and to what extent they reflect themselves in adult health. |
### Instruction:
Is the degradation of phytate by microbial and wheat phytases dependent on the phytate matrix and the phytase origin?
### Response:
| Wheat phytase appeared to have an interesting potential. However, the wheat phytases studied could not improve phytate degradation compared to microbial phytases. The ability to degrade phytate in different phytate samples varied greatly for some phytases, indicating that phytase efficacy may be affected by the phytate matrix. |
### Instruction:
Are mutational status of KIT and PDGFRA and expression of PDGFRA associated with prognosis after curative resection of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GISTs )?
### Response:
| Our data do not support the notion that expression of PDGFRA or mutations in KIT or PDGFRA are independent prognostic factors after curative resection of primary GIST. |
### Instruction:
Is cYP1A1/1B1 and CYP2A6/2A13 activity conserved in cultures of differentiated primary human tracheobronchial epithelial cells?
### Response:
| Primary tracheobronchial epithelial cells retain both a polarised morphology and significant metabolic activity over a prolonged period of time. On the other hand, although A549 cells and NCI-H292 cells have been extensively used as lung models for toxicological assessment, they lack critical metabolic activation capability. |
### Instruction:
Does the SspA subtilisin-like protease of Streptococcus suis trigger a pro-inflammatory response in macrophages through a non-proteolytic mechanism?
### Response:
| In conclusion, this study identified a new mechanism by which the S. suis SspA may promote central nervous system inflammation associated with meningitis. |
### Instruction:
Does sevoflurane preconditioning induce neuroprotection through reactive oxygen species-mediated up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes in rats?
### Response:
| Sevoflurane preconditioning induces cerebral ischemic tolerance in a dose- response manner through ROS release and consequent up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activity before ischemic injury in rats. Serum GSH-px activity could be developed as a marker to assess the effectiveness of sevoflurane preconditioning before ischemia. |
### Instruction:
Does dietary glutamate signal evoke gastric juice excretion in dogs?
### Response:
| Supplementation of amino acid-rich liquid diets with MSG enhances gastrointestinal phase secretion through neuroendocrine pathways which are partially mediated by 5-HT. Possible mechanisms are discussed. |
### Instruction:
Does expression profiling reveal MSX1 and EphB2 expression correlates with the invasion capacity of Wilms tumors?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that MSX1 may be associated with the invasion capacity of Wilms tumors. RIN1 is a downstream effector of RAS and Bcl2A1 functions as an anti-apoptotic protein. EphB2 is an ephrin receptor and is up-regulated in invasive tumors but its role needs to be confirmed in further cases of Wilms tumors. |
### Instruction:
Does agaritine from Agaricus blazei Murrill induce apoptosis in the leukemic cell line U937?
### Response:
| These results strongly suggest that the ABM constituent agaritine moderately induces apoptosis in U937 leukemic cells via caspase activation through cytochrome c release from mitochondria. |
### Instruction:
Does transcriptional profiling identify differentially expressed genes in developing turkey skeletal muscle?
### Response:
| The current study identified gene pathways and uncovered novel genes important in turkey muscle growth and development. Future experiments will focus further on several of these candidate genes and the expression and mechanism of action of their protein products. |
### Instruction:
Is human rotavirus vaccine highly efficacious when coadministered with routine expanded program of immunization vaccines including oral poliovirus vaccine in Latin America?
### Response:
| RIX4414 was highly efficacious against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by the circulating wild-type rotavirus (G1 and non-G1) when coadministered with routine EPI vaccines including OPV. |
### Instruction:
Does the risk of coronary thrombosis with cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors vary with polymorphisms in two regions of the cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene?
### Response:
| We found little evidence of a gene/drug interaction. We found a statistically non-significant trend toward a lower risk of coronary events with NSAIDs in the presence of the 'low risk' haplotype. Even if confirmed, the clinical utility of the finding would be limited as this haplotype is carried by a minority of the population. |
### Instruction:
Is growth factor Midkine involved in the pathogenesis of renal injury induced by protein overload containing endotoxin?
### Response:
| This study might provide a new insight into understanding the deleterious role of MK in endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis induced by protein overload. |
### Instruction:
Are electronic prescriptions slowly spreading in the European Union?
### Response:
| Nationwide use of e-prescriptions was not more common than in 2002. Several countries had piloted or were piloting projects on e-prescriptions. Interoperability of different systems is a challenge to which EU-funded projects might offer a solution. |
### Instruction:
Does complement regulatory protein Crry/p65 costimulation expand natural treg cells with enhanced suppressive properties in proteoglycan-induced arthritis?
### Response:
| Crry-mediated costimulation facilitates in vitro expansion of natural Treg cells while maintaining their suppressive properties in vitro and in vivo in the PGIA model. These results highlight the potential of the complement regulatory protein Crry to costimulate and expand natural Treg cells capable of suppressing disease in an animal model of chronic inflammatory arthritis. |
### Instruction:
Is late initiation of HAART among HIV-infected patients in Spain frequent and related to a higher rate of virological failure but not to immigrant status?
### Response:
| In our cohort, immigrant status was not shown to be related to late initiation of HAART. Although LS patients did not have a longer TTF for any reason, TVF was significantly shorter. Despite universal free access to HAART in Spain, measures to ensure early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection are necessary. |
### Instruction:
Is advanced catheter technology : this the answer to overcoming the long learning curve in complex endovascular procedures?
### Response:
| Advanced endovascular catheters, although more intricate, do not seem to take longer to master and in some areas offer clear advantages with regards to positional control, at a faster rate. RCs seem to be the most intuitive and advanced skill acquisition occurs with minimal training. Robotic endovascular technology may have a significantly shorter path to proficiency allowing an increased number of trainees to attempt more complex endovascular procedures earlier and with a greater degree of safety. |
### Instruction:
Is visual P3 amplitude modulation deficit in schizophrenia independent of duration of illness?
### Response:
| The results provide evidence that the observed deficit of visual P3 amplitude modulation is independent of duration of illness and age and may contain properties of a trait marker of schizophrenia. |
### Instruction:
Does insulin-like growth factor-I gene delivery to astrocytes reduce their inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide?
### Response:
| These findings demonstrate efficacy of exogenous IGF-I and of IGF-I gene therapy in reducing the inflammatory response of astrocytes. IGF-I gene therapy may represent a new approach to reduce inflammatory reactions in glial cells. |
### Instruction:
Does granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor blockade promote ccr9 ( + ) lymphocyte expansion in Nod2 deficient mice?
### Response:
| GM-CSF prevents ileal expansion of CCR9(+) lymphocytes via Nod2-dependent and independent pathways. CCR9 blockade may be beneficial in CD patients with elevated GM-CSF Ab. |
### Instruction:
Is the transradial approach associated with lower risk of adverse outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention : a single-center experience?
### Response:
| The risks of bleeding and vascular complications are lower for the transradial approach. Adopting the transradial approach may lead to improved care for PCI. |
### Instruction:
Is downregulation of erythropoietin receptor by overexpression of phospholipase C-gamma 1 critical for decrease on focal adhesion in transformed cells?
### Response:
| The Epo/EpoR complex plays a critical role in the adhesion and migration of rat fibroblasts, and its functional inactivation is associated with PLC-γl-dependent reduction of cell-matrix adhesion and this also affects cell migration. |
### Instruction:
Does genome-wide association study identify Loci for body composition and structural soundness traits in pigs?
### Response:
| This study is one of the earliest GWA reports on important quantitative traits in pigs, and the findings will contribute to the further biological function analysis of the identified candidate genes and potential utilization of them in marker assisted selection. |
### Instruction:
Is nonobstructive coronary artery disease as detected by 64-detector row cardiac computed tomographic angiography associated with increased left ventricular mass?
### Response:
| Non-obstructive CAD visualized by CCTA is associated with increased LVM independent of effects of clinical risk factors and calcium scoring. Whether addition of LVM to stenosis assessment in patients undergoing CCTA enhances risk prediction of future CAD events warrants investigation. |
### Instruction:
Is body fat distribution associated with lumbar spine bone density independently of body weight in postmenopausal women?
### Response:
| Higher trunk fat mass was associated with the spinal BMD, but not with the hip BMD in postmenopausal women, irrespective of the HRT use. In addition to biological factors, uncertainties related to DXA measurements in patients with varying body mass may contribute to this phenomenon. |
### Instruction:
Is serum calcium level associated with metabolic syndrome in elderly women?
### Response:
| The higher was the level of calcium within normal range, the greater were the odds of metabolic syndrome in healthy and elderly women. Prospective studies are needed to investigate the role of calcium in the development of metabolic syndrome in the future. |
### Instruction:
Does spironolactone prevent acute mountain sickness : a prospective , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial by SPACE Trial Group ( spironolactone and acetazolamide trial in the prevention of acute mountain sickness group )?
### Response:
| Spironolactone (50 mg BID) was ineffective in comparison to acetazolamide (250 mg BID) in the prevention of AMS in partially acclimatized western trekkers ascending to 5000 m in the Nepali Himalaya. |
### Instruction:
Is serum secreted phospholipase A2 associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm presence but not progression?
### Response:
| Serum sPLA(2) activity is elevated in men with small AAAs but is not associated with AAA progression. |
### Instruction:
Does phenazopyridine improve catheter discomfort following gynecologic surgery?
### Response:
| Postoperative VAS scores and pain medicine usage did not change with using routine phenazopyridine following gynecology surgery. Colored dye adequately masks visual side effects of phenazopyridine. |
### Instruction:
Do short-term functional and oncologic outcomes of nephron-sparing surgery for renal tumours ≥ 7 cm?
### Response:
| The median follow-up was 28 mo (range: 1-247 mo). Twenty-seven patients (29.6%) had perioperative complications and, of these, 89.1% had CDS grade 1 and 2. Twenty-seven percent of the 91 patients had benign lesions. Seven patients (10.6%) died from cancer-related causes. The 5- and 10-yr rates for OS, CSS, and PFS were 88% and 64%, 97% and 83%, and 91% and 78%, respectively. None of the analysed parameters had an impact on morbidity or OS in the univariate analysis. Limitations of this study were its retrospective nature and the relatively short follow-up period for oncologic outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does clustering of additional autoimmunity behave differently in Hashimoto 's patients compared with Graves ' patients?
### Response:
| In conclusion, Hashimoto's disease shows a markedly higher clustering of additional autoimmunity, especially with adrenal and β-cell autoimmunity. Combined clustering of gastric and adrenal autoimmunity and combined clustering of adrenal and β-cell autoimmunity were both seen more often in Hashimoto's patients. Clustering with celiac disease appears to be low. These findings indicate that Hashimoto's and Graves' disease differ in their clinical expression regarding additional autoimmunity, which argues against the indiscriminate use of AITD as an entity. |
### Instruction:
Does achalasia cardia subtyping by high-resolution manometry predict the therapeutic outcome of pneumatic balloon dilatation?
### Response:
| The type II achalasia cardia showed the best response to pneumatic dilatation. |
### Instruction:
Do age and BMI interact to determine work ability in seafarers?
### Response:
| Work ability in this group of seafarers was found to be high and the work was shown to be moderately demanding, on average. Although work ability declined with age and with BMI independently, the best predictor of work ability was the interaction between BMI and age, with increased BMI having a deleterious effect on work ability in older employees doing moderately demanding work. |
### Instruction:
Are vascular remodeling and arterial calcification directly mediated by S100A12 ( EN-RAGE ) in chronic kidney disease?
### Response:
| S100A12 augments CKD-triggered osteogenesis in murine vasculature, reminiscent of features associated with enhanced vascular calcification in patients with chronic and end-stage kidney disease. |
### Instruction:
Are diagnostic yield of percutaneous image-guided tissue biopsy of focal hepatic lesions in cancer patients : ten percent metastases from the primary malignancy?
### Response:
| If all liver lesions had been assumed to be metastases, as expected secondary to the known primary tumor, then the true or presumed alternate diagnosis would have been missed in 60 (10.3%) of the 580 cases. The authors did not attempt to determine whether actual clinical management changed based on these 60 liver biopsy results, so this number is an upper bound on management change. On the basis of these results, and given the minimal complication rate of liver biopsy, the authors suggest that liver biopsy should still be performed in the types of cases studied here, despite the finding that the vast majority of biopsies produced the expected result and presumably did not change patient management. |
### Instruction:
Does transcranial direct current stimulation modulate the spinal plasticity induced with patterned electrical stimulation?
### Response:
| Applying tDCS before PES modulated the effects of PES on spinal reciprocal inhibition in a polarity specific manner. |
### Instruction:
Does distraction task rather than focal attention modulate gamma activity associated with auditory steady-state responses ( ASSRs )?
### Response:
| The phase-locked measures of 40 Hz ASSR are attenuated when attention to the stimulation is low, i.e. the subject is effortfully focused on the competitive "distraction" task performance. Lower arousal level increases the total intensity of 40 Hz ASSRs. |
### Instruction:
Is dairy consumption a significant correlate of urinary equol concentration in a representative sample of US adults?
### Response:
| These results suggest that dietary daidzein and legumes may contribute to urinary daidzein, genistein, and ODMA concentrations in this low-soy-consuming population. These results also suggest that equol concentrations in low-soy-consuming populations may reflect equol intakes from mammalian milk sources and may not reflect the endogenous production of equol from the microbial metabolism of daidzein-an observation not yet documented in the US population. These results support the careful design and interpretation of urinary isoflavonoid excretion studies, particularly bacterial metabolites, in low-soy-consuming populations. |
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