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### Instruction:
Does vulnerability of polarised intestinal porcine epithelial cells to mycotoxin deoxynivalenol depend on the route of application?
### Response:
| Severity of impact of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on the intestinal epithelial barrier is dependent on route of application. The epithelium appears to be rather resistant towards apical (luminal) DON application whereas the same toxin dose from basolateral severely undermines barrier integrity. |
### Instruction:
Is the presence of autoimmune thyroiditis in mixed cryoglobulinemia patients associated with high levels of circulating interleukin-6 , but not of tumor necrosis factor-alpha?
### Response:
| Our study demonstrates significantly higher serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with MC+HCV and MC+AT compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the study first shows a significant increase in circulating IL-6 observed in MC+AT patients with respect to MC+HCV. Future studies in larger patients' series will be needed to evaluate the relevance of serum IL-6 and TNF-α determination as clinico-prognostic markers of MC+HCV patients and its usefulness in the therapeutic approach to these patients. |
### Instruction:
Does octreotide lessen peritoneal injury in experimental encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis model?
### Response:
| In conclusion, octreotide may have a therapeutic value in peritoneal dialysis patients who suffer from encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Is early removal of nasogastric tube beneficial for patients undergoing radical cystectomy with urinary diversion?
### Response:
| This is the first randomized, prospective study, to our knowledge, to assess early NGT removal after radical cystectomy. We advocate early removal, independently of the selected type of urinary diversion, since it is not correlated with ileus and is advantageous in terms of patient comfort and earlier ambulation. |
### Instruction:
Does anticoagulant or aspirin treatment affect the positive predictive value of an immunological fecal occult blood test in patients undergoing colorectal cancer screening : results from a nested in a cohort case-control study?
### Response:
| The positive predictive value of i-FOBT for significant neoplasia is not affected by ongoing anticoagulant or chronic low-dose aspirin therapy. This finding suggests that there is no need to interrupt these treatments before i-FOBT for CRC screening. |
### Instruction:
Is higher body mass index associated with higher fractional creatinine excretion in healthy subjects?
### Response:
| CrCl systematically overestimates GFR in healthy subjects. The overestimation significantly correlates with BMI, with higher FE(creat) in subjects with higher BMI. The impact of BMI on tubular creatinine secretion can be accounted for, when using CrCl for GFR assessment in the normal to high range, by the following formula: GFR = 24-h CrCl - (22.75 + 0.76 × BMI - 0.29 × mean arterial pressure (-6.11 if female). |
### Instruction:
Is contemporary revision penile prosthesis surgery associated with a high risk of implant colonization or infection : a single-surgeon series?
### Response:
| In our series, the infection risk associated with revision of malfunctioning devices was no greater than primary implant placement. Rerouting was associated with a higher infection risk, likely due to technical factors, and not implant colonization. Less than 10% of our revision implants were colonized, and this had no bearing on the development of a postoperative infection. S. epidermidis was not the most common organism implicated in device infections. Finally, our experience with an adjuvant, alcohol-based skin prep warrants further randomized prospective evaluation. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Pre-operative smoking cessation always reduce the incidence of surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery ]?
### Response:
| Pre-operative smoking cessation does not reduce the incidence of SSI. However, since continuation of smoking has no benefits for the safety of surgery, anesthesiologists must advice patients to quit smoking before surgery. |
### Instruction:
Is skin pain and skin discomfort associated with quality of life in patients with psoriasis?
### Response:
| In this study, skin pain and skin discomfort were significantly related to HRQoL when controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics. In addition, sleep disturbance mediated the association between skin pain and HRQoL. An understanding of the complex association among physiological and psychological factors, and HRQoL is clinically important in order to provide proper treatment and care of patients with psoriasis. |
### Instruction:
Are combination of genetic and quantitative serological immune markers associated with complicated Crohn 's disease behavior?
### Response:
| This model combining serologic and NOD2 genetic markers may provide physicians with a tool to assess the probability of patients developing a complication over the course of CD. |
### Instruction:
Does liposomal targeting of glucocorticoids to the inflamed synovium inhibit cartilage matrix destruction during murine antigen-induced arthritis?
### Response:
| liposomal delivery of glucocorticoids protects against cartilage matrix destruction during experimental arthritis by inhibiting protease expression and activity in the inflamed synovium. |
### Instruction:
Is primary follicular lymphoma of the duodenum a distinct mucosal/submucosal variant of follicular lymphoma : a retrospective study of 63 cases?
### Response:
| These findings characterize primary FL-D as a remarkably indolent FL variant, which, even left untreated, does not develop tumorous growth, very rarely disseminates (two of 63 patients) and does not transform to high grade disease. A watch and wait approach appears to be the most sensible strategy. |
### Instruction:
Are elevated serum free light chains associated with event-free and overall survival in two independent cohorts of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma?
### Response:
| Increased serum FLC is an independent, adverse prognostic factor for EFS and OS in DLBCL and warrants further evaluation as a biomarker in DLBCL. |
### Instruction:
Does lens material and formulation of multipurpose solutions affect contact lens disinfection?
### Response:
| Disinfection results from multivariate factors and this study confirmed that the lens material and the MPS play a very important role in the disinfection efficacy of CL. |
### Instruction:
Does phosphorylation of the MBF repressor Yox1p by the DNA replication checkpoint keep the G1/S cell-cycle transcriptional program active?
### Response:
| This study shows that checkpoint-dependent phosphorylation of Yox1p at Ser114, Thr115 results in de-repression of the MBF transcriptional program. The remodeling of the cell cycle transcriptional program by the DNA replication checkpoint is likely to comprise an important mechanism for the avoidance of genomic instability. |
### Instruction:
Does eradication of hepatitis C virus reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with compensated cirrhosis?
### Response:
| In compensated HCV-related cirrhosis, SVR markedly reduces the risk of HCC and improves survival. Clearance of the virus should be intensively attempted in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Is nurse-administered propofol sedation safe for patients with obstructive sleep apnea undergoing routine endoscopy : a pilot study?
### Response:
| Routine endoscopic procedures using NAPS are safe in patients with documented OSA, with complication rates comparable to when using CS. NAPS helped to decrease procedure times in general. |
### Instruction:
Is induction of vesicular steatosis by amiodarone and tetracycline associated with up-regulation of lipogenic genes in HepaRG cells?
### Response:
| Our results show that amiodarone causes phospholipidosis after short-term treatment and, like tetracycline, induces vesicular steatosis after repeat exposure in HepaRG cells. These data represent the first demonstration that drugs can induce vesicular steatosis in vitro and show a direct relationship between TG accumulation and enhanced expression of lipogenic genes. |
### Instruction:
Does rN181 suppress hepatocellular carcinoma growth by inhibition of the ERK/MAPK pathway?
### Response:
| We have shown that RN181 suppresses the tumorigenesis of HCC through the inhibition of ERK/MAPK signaling in the liver. Our results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of HCC and may help with the development of novel therapeutic strategies. |
### Instruction:
Is liver receptor homolog-1 critical for adequate up-regulation of Cyp7a1 gene transcription and bile salt synthesis during bile salt sequestration?
### Response:
| Our data provide mechanistic insight into a missing link in the maintenance of bile salt homeostasis during enhanced fecal loss and support the view that LRH-1 controls Cyp7a1 expression from two distinct sites, i.e., liver and ileum, in the enterohepatic circulation. |
### Instruction:
Is total brain white matter a major determinant of IQ in adolescents born preterm?
### Response:
| Preterm birth has a long-term effect on cognition, behavior, and future academic success primarily as a consequence of global brain WM reduction. This emphasizes the need for early therapeutic efforts to prevent WM injury and promote or optimize its development in preterm neonates. |
### Instruction:
Does a zinc chelator TPEN attenuate airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in mice in vivo?
### Response:
| In pulmonary allergic inflammation induced in mice immunized with antigen without alum, zinc chelator inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. These findings suggest that zinc may be a therapeutic target of allergic asthma. |
### Instruction:
Does gene gun-mediated skin transfection with FL gene suppress the growth of murine fibrosarcoma?
### Response:
| We successfully performed FL therapy using an in vivo gene gun in order to effectively mobilize DCs in situ and induce suppressive immunity. |
### Instruction:
Does higher cystatin C level predict long-term mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease?
### Response:
| Higher cystatin C levels independently predicted 5 years all-cause, and cardiovascular death in PAD patients. However, a small improvement in discrimination with the addition of cystatin C to conventional risk factors, and no improvement in reclassification of risk categories suggest that clinical usefulness of cystatin C for predicting cardiovascular mortality in PAD population might be modest. |
### Instruction:
Is childhood dysfunctional voiding differentially associated with urinary incontinence subtypes in women?
### Response:
| Childhood dysfunctional voiding may predict adult bladder control problems. This association is strongest in women with urge UI followed by mixed UI, but not different between women with stress UI and controls. |
### Instruction:
Does protein intake increase vastus lateralis muscle protein synthesis during cycling?
### Response:
| We conclude that consuming protein during prolonged bicycle exercise does not increase protein synthesis within highly active leg muscles. However, protein intake may have stimulated protein synthesis within less active leg muscles and/or other nonmuscle leg tissue. Finally, protein supplementation, during exercise and recovery, enhanced postexercise muscle protein synthesis and resulted in positive leg protein net balance. |
### Instruction:
Does heat shock protein 90-sheltered overexpression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor contribute to malignancy of thymic epithelial tumors?
### Response:
| We have unraveled a novel protumorigenic mechanism in TEMs, namely Hsp90-capacitated overexpression of IGF-1R, which confers apoptosis evasion in malignant thymic epithelial cells. Our data indicate that Hsp90 inhibition, which simultaneously blocks multiple cancer hallmarks, represents a therapeutic strategy in TEMs that may merit evaluation in clinical trials. |
### Instruction:
Does telomerase-specific GV1001 peptide vaccination fail to induce objective tumor response in patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that the GV1001 vaccination is not effective in CTCL patients and disease progression in 1/6 patients raises concerns about its safety. By analyzing skin-homing properties of GV1001-specific T cells and the involvement of regulatory T cells we nevertheless provide insight into vaccine-induced immune responses which may help to improve vaccine strategies in CTCL. |
### Instruction:
Does crystal structure of an integron gene cassette-associated protein from Vibrio cholerae identify a cationic drug-binding module?
### Response:
| Genetic analysis identifies Cass2 to be representative of a larger family of independent effector-binding proteins associated with lateral gene transfer within Vibrio and closely-related species. We propose that the Cass2 family not only has capacity to form functional transcription regulator complexes, but represents possible evolutionary precursors to multi-domain regulators associated with cationic drug compounds. |
### Instruction:
Does epstein-Barr Virus latent membrane protein 1 induce Snail and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
### Response:
| This study strengthens the association of EMT with the metastatic behaviour of NPC. These results suggest that induction of Snail by the EBV oncoprotein LMP1 has a pivotal role in EMT in NPC. |
### Instruction:
Does the ClinicalTrials.gov result database -- update and key issues?
### Response:
| ClinicalTrials.gov provides access to study results not otherwise available to the public. Although the database allows examination of various aspects of ongoing and completed clinical trials, its ultimate usefulness depends on the research community to submit accurate, informative data. |
### Instruction:
Does tWIST1 play a pleiotropic role in determining the anaplastic thyroid cancer phenotype?
### Response:
| TWIST1 plays a key role in determining malignant features of the anaplastic phenotype in vitro. |
### Instruction:
Does methionine diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia accelerate cerebral aneurysm formation in rats?
### Response:
| Hyperhomocysteinemia accelerates cerebral aneurysm formation, potentially through differential effects on expression of molecules critical for vascular wall modeling in a rat model. |
### Instruction:
Do notch1 and Notch2 have opposite prognostic effects on patients with colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| Notch1 and Notch2 may be independent adverse prognostic predictors for patients with colorectal cancer. These results would contribute to identify more efficient prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets. |
### Instruction:
Is mural nodule in branch duct-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas a marker of malignant transformation and indication for surgery?
### Response:
| The presence of mural nodules is a potentially suitable marker for differentiating IPMC from IPMA, and is important for making decisions about surgical interventions. |
### Instruction:
Does remifentanil preconditioning reduce hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via inducible nitric oxide synthase expression?
### Response:
| Pretreatment with remifentanil can attenuate liver injury both in vivo and in vitro. Inducible NOS but not opioid receptors partly mediate this effect by exhausting reactive oxygen species and attenuating the inflammatory response. |
### Instruction:
Is cD44 associated with proliferation , rather than a specific cancer stem cell population , in cultured canine cancer cells?
### Response:
| CD44 expression is associated with proliferation in cultured canine cancer cells, but transient and fluctuating expression may limit its utility as a CSC marker. |
### Instruction:
Is high perceived stress linked to afternoon cortisol levels and greater symptom distress in patients with localized prostate cancer?
### Response:
| Moderate symptoms and symptom distress found in our sample indicate the need for interventions to address these outcomes in men treated for prostate cancer. Self-reported perceived stress can be used to assess the stress level and symptom distress in clinic setting. |
### Instruction:
Does blockade of 5-HT ( 2A ) and/or 5-HT ( 2C ) receptors modulate sevoflurane-induced immobility?
### Response:
| Considering the low levels of 5-HT(2B) receptors within the CNS, this result suggests that 5-HT(2A) and the 5-HT(2C) receptors are present within the neural circuitry influencing sevoflurane MAC. Blockade of 5-HT(2A) and/or 5-HT(2C) receptors may modulate the immobility produced by sevoflurane during noxious stimulation. |
### Instruction:
Is magnetic resonance imaging of the rheumatic foot according to the RAMRIS system reliable?
### Response:
| Reliability (interreader and intrareader agreement) in the assessment of the rheumatoid foot according to the RAMRIS method is excellent. |
### Instruction:
Is circulating Dickkopf-1 correlated with bone erosion and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| DKK-1, as an important mediator, was correlated with bone erosion and inflammation in RA. The change of DKK-1 level may serve as a biomarker of disease activity and bone erosion. |
### Instruction:
Is interaction between smoking and polymorphism in the promoter region of the VEGFA gene associated with ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction in rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Interaction between smoking and polymorphism in the VEGFA gene is associated with IHD and MI in patients with RA. |
### Instruction:
Do thrombovascular events affect quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?
### Response:
| The combination of SLE and TE has a more negative influence on reported HRQOL, compared to having SLE or APS alone. |
### Instruction:
Is rectal diazepam solution as good as rectal administration of intravenous diazepam in the first-aid cessation of seizures in children with intractable epilepsy?
### Response:
| Rectal diazepam solution, administered by capable caregivers, is as effective and safe as rectal administration of IVD for children with intractable epilepsy. |
### Instruction:
Does binding of lactoferrin to IGBP1 trigger apoptosis in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line?
### Response:
| Lf binds IGBP1 and promotes the acceleration of cellular apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Is plakophilin 2A the dominant isoform in human heart tissue : consequences for the genetic screening of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?
### Response:
| PKP2A was shown to be the major isoform expressed in human heart tissue and PKP2B protein was undetectable. The results strongly suggest that p.Arg490Trp and other variants located in PKP2 exon 6 may not be disease causing. Variant splicing also has important consequences for the interpretation of mutation analysis and genetic counselling in ARVC and other hereditary cardiac diseases. |
### Instruction:
Are plasma acylcarnitines associated with physical performance in elderly men?
### Response:
| Higher acylcarnitine factor scores were associated with lower levels of objectively measured physical performance in this group of older, largely overweight men. Metabolic profiles of rodents exhibiting lipid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction show a similar phenotypic predominance of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines. |
### Instruction:
Is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome related to the progression of chronic kidney disease?
### Response:
| In the light of the present study, we speculate that OSAS is an independent risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease, which is a growing health problem. Further randomized-multicenter prospective studies are warranted to evaluate this relationship. |
### Instruction:
Do polymorphisms of the SLCO1B1 gene predict methotrexate-related toxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
### Response:
| Identification of the rs4149081 and rs11045879 SLCO1B1 polymorphisms in children with ALL could be a useful tool for monitoring patients at risk of low-MTX clearance in order to avoid MTX-related toxicity. |
### Instruction:
Is pregnancy-induced hypertension , but not gestational diabetes mellitus , a risk factor for venous thromboembolism in pregnancy?
### Response:
| Placenta previa and PIH were significant risk factors for VTE, whereas the known traditional risk factors of increased age and GDM were not found to be associated with VTE. |
### Instruction:
Do chronic medical conditions mediate the association between depression and cardiovascular disease mortality?
### Response:
| Several levels of evidence suggest that the association between depression and CVD mortality is partially mediated by prevalent/incident chronic medical conditions, as well as unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Patients presenting with clinically significant depressive symptoms, particularly if persistent, should be assessed for both chronic conditions and lifestyle risk factors. |
### Instruction:
Does dynamic MRI confirm support of the mid-urethra by TVT and TVT-O surgery for stress incontinence?
### Response:
| Mid-urethral slings support the mid-urethra and restrict downward movement during different activities. Movement patterns are similar after TVT and TVT-O operations. |
### Instruction:
Is height gain during early childhood an important predictor of schooling and mathematics ability outcomes?
### Response:
| Height gain during the 18-60 months period of age was related to schooling and mathematics ability at age 12 years. The importance of promoting catch-up growth after the period when stunting is common should receive attention. |
### Instruction:
Is interval of less than 5 years between the first and second operation a risk factor for a third operation for Crohn 's disease?
### Response:
| An interval of less than 5 years between the first and the second operations is a significant risk factor for a third operation in patients with CD. |
### Instruction:
Is early satiety the only patient-reported symptom associated with delayed gastric emptying , as assessed by breath-test?
### Response:
| Early satiety is the only patient-reported GI symptom associated with delayed GE. The utility of GE tests as a clinical diagnostic tool in the work-up of dyspeptic symptoms may be overrated. |
### Instruction:
Does presence of SPINK-1 variant alter the course of chronic pancreatitis?
### Response:
| The prevalence of the SPINK-1/N34S mutation in patients with CP is 5.4%, and is approximately 37.1% in patients with IP. These mutations are more prevalent in Caucasian patients with CP. The SPINK-1/N34S mutation predisposes to early onset IP and more frequent acute flares of pancreatitis that might ultimately lead to pancreatic insufficiency. The patients with IP and borderline alcohol history should be considered for testing for genetic analysis, including SPINK-1 mutations, initially restricted to clinical trials. |
### Instruction:
Does diffusion tensor imaging detect rarefaction of optic radiation in glaucoma patients?
### Response:
| In patients with glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy, there is anterograde and-most likely because of microangiopathic lesions within the optic radiation-retrograde transneuronal rarefaction of the optic radiation that can be assessed in vivo using DTI with good correlation to established ophthalmological examinations. |
### Instruction:
Do the sap from Euphorbia peplus is effective against human nonmelanoma skin cancers?
### Response:
| The clinical responses for these relatively unfavourable lesions (43% had failed previous treatments, 35% were situated in the head and neck region and 30% were > 2 cm in diameter), are comparable with existing nonsurgical treatments. An active ingredient of E. peplus sap has been identified as ingenol mebutate (PEP005). This clinical study affirms community experience with E. peplus sap, and supports further clinical development of PEP005 for the treatment of BCC, SCC and IEC. |
### Instruction:
Do mutations in KRT5 and KRT14 cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex in 75 % of the patients?
### Response:
| The phenotype-genotype correlation observed in this large EBS population underscores the importance of helix boundary motifs for keratin assembly. Only three-quarters of biopsy-confirmed EBS probands have KRT5 or KRT14 mutations, indicating genetic heterogeneity in EBS. Alternative gene candidates are discussed. |
### Instruction:
Are high levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies associated with co-occurrence of pulmonary diseases with rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| High anti-CCP2 levels are associated with lung disease in the RA population. |
### Instruction:
Does mode of effective connectivity within a putative neural network differentiate moral cognitions related to care and justice ethics?
### Response:
| These results support a neurobiological differentiation between care and justice ethics and suggest that human moral behavior reflects the outcome of integrating opposing rule-based, self-other perspectives, and emotional responses. |
### Instruction:
Do human pluripotent stem cells differentiated in fully defined medium generate hematopoietic CD34- and CD34+ progenitors with distinct characteristics?
### Response:
| Short-term, animal protein-free culture conditions are sufficient to sustain the differentiation of human ESC and iPSC into primitive hematopoietic progenitors, which, in turn, produce more mature blood cell types. However, additional factors have yet to be identified to allow their differentiation into definitive erythroid cultures. |
### Instruction:
Do sesquiterpenoids from myrrh inhibit androgen receptor expression and function in human prostate cancer cells?
### Response:
| The observations suggest that suppression of AR transactivation by ST1 and ST2 may be mediated, in part, by inhibiting AR nuclear translocation and/or interfering with the interaction between AR and its coactivators ARA70 and SRC-1. Therefore, sesquiterpenoids could be developed as novel therapeutic agents for treating prostate cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does ginsenoside Rh2 inhibit glioma cell proliferation by targeting microRNA-128?
### Response:
| The anti-proliferative effect of Rh2 in human glioma cells was mediated in part through up-regulation of miRNA-128 expression. |
### Instruction:
Does knock-down of protein L-isoaspartyl O-methyltransferase increase β-amyloid production by decreasing ADAM10 and ADAM17 levels?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates a novel role for PIMT, but not PRMT, as a negative regulator of Aβ peptide formation and a potential protective factor in the pathogenesis of AD. |
### Instruction:
Does placenta perfusion have hematopoietic and mesenchymal progenitor stem cell potential?
### Response:
| Traditionally discarded after childbirth, the term placenta now appears to be an easily accessible and abundant source of diverse origin stem cells suitable for banking strategies and for future clinical applications, including adult therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is red blood cell transfusion of preterm neonates with a Grade 1 intraventricular hemorrhage associated with extension to a Grade 3 or 4 hemorrhage?
### Response:
| An association exists between RBC transfusion and extension of a Grade 1 IVH into a Grade 3 or 4. However, the explanation is unclear and could involve either the reasons transfusion are ordered or the transfusions themselves. Additional studies are needed to discover why neonates are more likely to have IVH extension if transfused. |
### Instruction:
Do gender-specific differences in adipose distribution and adipocytokines influence adolescent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?
### Response:
| Gender differences in adolescent NAFLD are related to differences in adipose distribution and adipocytokines. The male phenotype of NAFLD is associated with more adverse metabolic features and greater visceral adiposity than the female phenotype despite the lower prevalence of NAFLD. |
### Instruction:
Does high fat diet reduce the expression of glutathione peroxidase 3 in mouse prostate?
### Response:
| High fat diet alters pathways related to many genes concerned with oxidative stress. GPx3, a gene identified by this analysis, was found to be down-regulated by high fat diet and appears be decreased in human prostate cancers, suggesting that GPx3 may have a possible role in modulating carcinogenesis. Prostate 71:1499-1509, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
### Instruction:
Do macrophages induce neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells via BMP6-IL6 Loop?
### Response:
| Therefore, we propose that BMP-6 secreted by prostate cancer cells induces IL-6 expression in macrophages; IL-6, in turn, stimulates the NED of prostate cancer cells. |
### Instruction:
Does the use of recombinant erythropoietin for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia in patients with ovarian cancer affect progression-free or overall survival?
### Response:
| The current results indicated that there was no difference in cancer-related PFS or OS with use of ESA in this cohort of women treated for ovarian cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does 17β-estradiol aggravate temporomandibular joint inflammation through the NF-κB pathway in ovariectomized rats?
### Response:
| These results suggest that estradiol aggravates TMJ inflammation through the NF-κB pathway, leading to the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. |
### Instruction:
Does milrinone attenuate thromboxane receptor-mediated hyperresponsiveness in hypoxic pulmonary arterial myocytes?
### Response:
| TP receptor sensitivity and EC(50) for TP receptor agonists was regulated by PKA, as TP receptor serine phosphorylation by PKA down-regulated Ca(2+) mobilization. Hypoxia decreased IP receptor activity and cAMP generation, inducing TP receptor hyperresponsiveness, which was reversed by milrinone. |
### Instruction:
Does deficit in speech development at the age of 5 years predict alexithymia in late-adolescent males?
### Response:
| The results suggest that speech development is a significant factor in the developmental process of alexithymia, at least in males. It is possible that children who have impaired language skills and therefore struggle in social situations have a higher risk of developing alexithymia. This emphasizes the need for further research to assess how the inadequate speech development predisposes to the emergence of alexithymic features and whether it is a sex-specific phenomenon. |
### Instruction:
Does extracorporeal shockwave therapy show chondroprotective effects in osteoarthritic rat knee?
### Response:
| Extracorporeal shockwave therapy shows chondroprotective effect associated with improvement in subchondral bone remodeling in the initiation of ACLT OA knee model in rats. |
### Instruction:
Do comparison of a low-pressure and a high-pressure pulsatile lavage during débridement for orthopaedic implant infection?
### Response:
| The use of a high-pressure pulsatile lavage during open débridement of implant infections had a similar success rate as a low-pressure lavage. |
### Instruction:
Is stress associated with unfavorable patterns of dietary intake among female chinese immigrants?
### Response:
| Migration-related stress did not increase overall intake in terms of energy and total grams but selectively increased fat intake and energy density. Such dietary habits may have implications for future chronic disease risk in this immigrant population. |
### Instruction:
Does ambulatory rehabilitation improve exercise capacity in patients with pulmonary hypertension?
### Response:
| Ambulatory rehabilitation is a safe and efficacious treatment for patients with pulmonary hypertension already on medical therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does transport of germ plasm on astral microtubules direct germ cell development in Drosophila?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that active transport of germ plasm is essential for its inheritance and ensures the production of a discrete population of germ cell progenitors endowed with requisite factors for germline development. Transport on astral microtubules may provide a general mechanism for the segregation of cell fate determinants. |
### Instruction:
Are risk factors for intrauterine constraint associated with ultrasonographically detected severe fibrosis in early congenital muscular torticollis?
### Response:
| Risk factors for intrauterine constraint appear to be associated with ultrasonographically detected severe fibrosis involving the entire SCM muscle in early presenting CMT. |
### Instruction:
Does tGF-beta1 reduce Wilms ' tumor suppressor gene expression in podocytes?
### Response:
| TGF-beta1 reduces WT1 expression in cultured human podocytes and podocytes in mice before overt glomerulosclerosis begins. The effects are at least partially Smad4 dependent. Our findings identify a novel pathway linking TGF-beta1 to podocyte injury and FSGS. The WT1 reduction may be a useful marker for early podocyte injury. |
### Instruction:
Does rosiglitazone improve vascular function in subjects with chronic kidney disease?
### Response:
| Short-term RSG therapy reduced insulin resistance, in vivo markers of inflammation and abnormal endothelial function but had no effect on arterial function and stiffness in patients with CKD. |
### Instruction:
Does prolonged use of wind or brass instruments alter lung function in musicians?
### Response:
| The results suggest that W/B musicians' do not have altered respiratory function when compared to a non-musical control group. However, increased R(rs6) may indicate inflammatory, remodelling or other pathophysiological processes associated with W/B playing. Although the difference between groups was small it warrants further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Does pitx2c modulate cardiac-specific transcription factors networks in differentiating cardiomyocytes from murine embryonic stem cells?
### Response:
| Taken together, these results demonstrate that Pitx2 plays a major role reinforcing the transcriptional program of cardiac differentiation. |
### Instruction:
Does the progressive ankylosis protein regulate cementum apposition and extracellular matrix composition?
### Response:
| ANK, by modulating local PP(i), controls cervical cementum apposition and extracellular matrix. Loss of ANK created a local environment conducive to rapid cementogenesis; therefore, approaches modulating PP(i) in periodontal tissues have potential to promote cementum regeneration. |
### Instruction:
Does rad GTPase inhibit cardiac fibrosis through connective tissue growth factor?
### Response:
| Our data reveal that Rad deficiency can lead to cardiac fibrosis. Rad inhibits CTGF expression through binding with C/EBP-δ, thus regulating ECM production in the heart. This study suggests a potential link between decreased Rad levels and increased cardiac fibrosis in human failing hearts. |
### Instruction:
Does the alarm secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor increase with progressive metabolic dysfunction?
### Response:
| Circulating SLPI increases with progressive metabolic dysfunction and is related to metabolic and inflammatory parameters in men. |
### Instruction:
Does evaluation of external quality assessment result for HIV testing laboratories in Korea using current analytical methods?
### Response:
| Therefore, the design of reliable EQAS based on HIV panels with varied and specified titers is prerequisites for quality improvement of HIV testing laboratories. |
### Instruction:
Do synaptic dysbindin-1 reductions in schizophrenia occur in an isoform-specific manner indicating their subsynaptic location?
### Response:
| Given the distinctive subsynaptic localization of dysbindin-1A, -1B, and -1C across brain regions, the observed pSTG reductions in dysbindin-1A are postsynaptic and may promote dendritic spine loss with consequent disruption of auditory information processing, while the noted HF reductions in dysbindin-1B and -1C are both presynaptic and postsynaptic and could promote deficits in spatial working memory. |
### Instruction:
Does phosphodiesterase 7 inhibition preserve dopaminergic neurons in cellular and rodent models of Parkinson disease?
### Response:
| Our findings demonstrate that phosphodiesterase 7 inhibition can protect dopaminergic neurons against different insults, and they provide support for the therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase 7 inhibitors in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Parkinson disease. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma carnitine associated with fatigue in chronic hepatitis C but not in the irritable bowel syndrome?
### Response:
| In patients with chronic hepatitis C, the severity of fatigue is associated with a low level of carnitine, suggesting that an oral supplementation may be effective to relieve fatigue in chronic hepatitis C. The underlying mechanism of fatigue in IBS does not seem to involve carnitine. |
### Instruction:
Do low levels of bile acids increase bacterial uptake in colonic biopsies from patients with collagenous colitis in remission?
### Response:
| Low concentrations of dihydroxy-bile acids exacerbate mucosal barrier dysfunction in colonic biopsies of patients with collagenous colitis in remission. This allows a substantially increased bacterial uptake, which may contribute to recurrence of inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Is the central Sirtuin 1/p53 pathway essential for the orexigenic action of ghrelin?
### Response:
| Ghrelin specifically triggers a central SIRT1/p53 pathway that is essential for its orexigenic action, but not for the release of growth hormone. |
### Instruction:
Does hAVcR-1 reduce the integrity of human endothelial tight junctions?
### Response:
| HAVcR-1 may have a novel function as part of the regulatory apparatus for TJ in human endothelial cells. |
### Instruction:
Do several mechanical manipulations of the wall of the inner ear affect air and bone conduction auditory thresholds?
### Response:
| It is likely that an alternative mode of cochlear excitation is possible. |
### Instruction:
Does o-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase ( MGMT ) mRNA expression predict outcome in malignant glioma independent of MGMT promoter methylation?
### Response:
| MGMT mRNA expression plays a direct role for mediating tumor sensitivity to alkylating agents. Discordant findings indicate methylation-independent pathways of MGMT expression regulation. DNMT1 and DNMT3b are likely to be involved in CGI methylation. However, their exact role yet has to be defined. |
### Instruction:
Are filaggrin gene defects independent risk factors for atopic asthma in a Polish population : a study in ECAP cohort?
### Response:
| In a Polish population FLG 2282del4 and R501X carriage increases risk for development of AD and atopic asthma (also in the absence of AD or history thereof). This suggests that interventions aimed at restoring epidermal barrier may have a general role in asthma prophylaxis/treatment. |
### Instruction:
Does a high-fat meal promote lipid-load and apolipoprotein B-48 receptor transcriptional activity in circulating monocytes?
### Response:
| In a setting of abundant plasma apoB48-containing TRLs, these findings highlight the role of dietary fat in inducing lipid accumulation and apoB48R gene transcription in circulating monocytes. |
### Instruction:
Are glucocorticoid treatment , immobility , and constipation associated with nutritional risk?
### Response:
| Glucocorticoid treatment, immobility, and constipation are associated with nutritional risk in a mixed hospitalized population. The presence of long-time glucocorticoid use, immobility, or constipation should alert the clinician to check for nutritional status, which is an important factor in mortality and morbidity. |
### Instruction:
Does common large partial VWF gene deletion cause alloantibody formation in the Hungarian type 3 von Willebrand disease population?
### Response:
| We report the genetic background of the entire Hungarian type 3 VWD population. A large novel deletion, most probably due to a founder effect, seems to be unique to Hungarian type 3 VWD patients with high allele frequency. In contrast to previous reports, none of the five patients homozygous for the large partial deletion developed inhibitors to VWF. This discrepancy raises the possibility of selection bias in some of the reports. |
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