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### Instruction:
Is red blood cell phosphatidylserine exposure responsible for increased erythrocyte adhesion to endothelium in central retinal vein occlusion?
### Response:
| Increased CRVO RBC adhesion is mediated by PS RBC and endothelial PS receptor. This phenomenon may be one of the factors responsible for CRVO. |
### Instruction:
Does mutation of a diacidic motif in SIV-PBj Nef impair T-cell activation and enteropathic disease?
### Response:
| In sum, we report here that mutation of the diacidic motif in the PBj-Nef protein abolishes disease progression in pig-tailed macaques despite efficient replication. These data suggest that alterations in the ability of a lentivirus to promote T cell activation and proliferation can have a dramatic impact on its pathogenic potential. |
### Instruction:
Is parents ' pain catastrophizing related to pain catastrophizing of their adult children?
### Response:
| The results from the present study indicate that there is a positive association between levels of pain catastrophizing in parents and their adult children. A family may have a specific cognitive style for coping with pain, which is associated to a child's responses to pain experiences. |
### Instruction:
Do visual outcome of pars plana vitrectomy for retained lens fragments after phacoemulsification?
### Response:
| There was no statistically significant difference in outcome between those having vitrectomy the first week after cataract surgery and those having it later; however, there was a trend of better visual outcome in early vitrectomy patients (within 1 week). |
### Instruction:
Do numerical optimization of sequential cryogen spray cooling and laser irradiation for improved therapy of port wine stain?
### Response:
| Application of the identified cooling/irradiation sequences may offer improved therapeutic outcome for patients with resistant PWS, especially in darker skin phototypes. |
### Instruction:
Does peptide-mediated disruption of calmodulin-cyclin E interactions inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and neointima formation?
### Response:
| A synthetic peptide designed to disrupt CaM-cyclin E binding inhibits Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent CDK2 activity, cell cycle progression, and proliferation in VSMCs and limits arterial remodeling following injury. Importantly, this effect appears to be cyclin E-dependent and may form the basis of a potentially novel therapeutic approach for restenosis. |
### Instruction:
Is fKBP12 a critical regulator of the heart rhythm and the cardiac voltage-gated sodium current in mice?
### Response:
| FKBP12 is a critical regulator of I(Na) and is important for cardiac arrhythmogenic physiology. FKPB12-mediated dysregulation of I(Na) may underlie clinical arrhythmias associated with FK506 administration. |
### Instruction:
Do compounds from silicones alter enzyme activity in curing barnacle glue and model enzymes?
### Response:
| Surface-associated silicone compounds can disrupt glue curing and alter enzyme properties. Altered curing of natural glues has potential in fouling management. |
### Instruction:
Do kinetics of DNA load predict HPV 16 viral clearance?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that repeated measurement of HPV 16 viral load may be a useful predictor in determining the outcome of early endpoints of viral infection. |
### Instruction:
Is effectiveness and cost of two stair-climbing interventions-less more?
### Response:
| The stand at the health information day was more expensive than the point-of-choice prompts and was inferior in promoting stair climbing. It is likely that the stand was unable to encourage stair climbing because only 3.2% of targeted employees visited the stand. In contrast, the point-of-choice prompts were potentially visible to all employees using the buildings and hence better for disseminating the stair climbing message to the target audience. |
### Instruction:
Do cYP2A6 and ERCC1 polymorphisms correlate with efficacy of S-1 plus cisplatin in metastatic gastric cancer patients?
### Response:
| Polymorphisms of CYP2A6 and ERCC1 19442C>A correlated with the efficacy of S-1/cisplatin. |
### Instruction:
Do serious psychological distress and mental health service use among community-dwelling older U.S. adults?
### Response:
| These results suggest the need to screen for mental health problems among older adults and to improve the use and the quality of their mental health services. Since 2008 significant changes have revolutionized payment for mental health care and may promote access to mental health care in this population. Further studies are needed to assess trends in mental health service utilization among older adults and in the quality of their mental health care over time. |
### Instruction:
Is lipidomics providing new insight into the metabolic syndrome and its sequelae?
### Response:
| The global view of lipid metabolism offered by lipidomics is accelerating our understanding of disease processes and identifying new avenues of research into metabolic syndrome and its sequelae. The ongoing identification and validation of lipid biomarkers will likely see their introduction into clinical practice for improved quantification of disease risk, earlier identification of disease and improved patient management in the near future. |
### Instruction:
Is bivalirudin a dual inhibitor of thrombin and collagen-dependent platelet activation in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention?
### Response:
| Bivalirudin effectively suppresses thrombin-dependent platelet activation via inhibition of PAR1 cleavage and inhibits collagen-induced platelet procoagulant activity as well as systemic thrombin levels in patients undergoing PCI. |
### Instruction:
Is claudin 10 a glandular epithelial marker in the chicken model as human epithelial ovarian cancer?
### Response:
| Our study indicates that CLDN10 is a novel biomarker for detecting ovarian cancer in the chicken. We provide new insight into using the chicken as a suitable animal model for investigating the effect and function of CLDN in human ovarian cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does natural killer cell line YT exert cytotoxicity against CD86+ myeloma cells?
### Response:
| The human NK-like cell line YT could be useful in immunotherapy of patients with CD86(+) multiple myeloma. |
### Instruction:
Does serum derived from zeranol-implanted ACI rats promote the growth of human breast cancer cells in vitro?
### Response:
| Bio-active zeranol metabolites contained in meat produced from cattle after zeranol implantation may be a risk factor for breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Are human slan ( 6-sulfo LacNAc ) dendritic cells inflammatory dermal dendritic cells in psoriasis and drive strong TH17/TH1 T-cell responses?
### Response:
| Our study defines slanDCs as inflammatory dermal DCs in psoriasis and identifies their strong capacity to induce T(h)17/T(h)1 responses. |
### Instruction:
Does rho-kinase inhibition ameliorate peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis in a rat model of peritoneal sclerosis?
### Response:
| The activation of Rho-kinase is involved in peritoneal damage at multiple stages including tissue fibrosis and angiogenesis. The inhibition of Rho-kinase constitutes a novel strategy for the treatment of PF. |
### Instruction:
Are pre-pregnancy weight and excess weight gain risk factors for macrosomia in women with gestational diabetes?
### Response:
| Maternal pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy appear to be significant and independent risk factors for macrosomia in women with GDM. |
### Instruction:
Does infliximab therapy inhibit inflammation-induced angiogenesis in the mucosa of patients with Crohn 's disease?
### Response:
| Administration of infliximab downregulates mucosal angiogenesis in patients with CD and restrains production of VEGF-A by mucosal fibroblasts. It is proposed that this ameliorates inflammation-driven angiogenesis in the gut mucosa and contributes to the therapeutic efficacy of blockade of TNF-α. |
### Instruction:
Does pallidal dysfunction drive a cerebellothalamic circuit into Parkinson tremor?
### Response:
| Resting tremor may result from a pathological interaction between the basal ganglia and the cerebellothalamic circuit. The cerebellothalamic circuit, which controls tremor amplitude, appears to be driven into tremor generation when receiving transient signals from the dopamine-depleted basal ganglia. This may explain why basal ganglia dysfunction is required for developing resting tremor, although a cerebellothalamic circuit produces it. Our model also clarifies why neurosurgical interventions targeted at either the basal ganglia or the cerebellothalamic circuit can both suppress tremor. |
### Instruction:
Does ciprofloxacin prevent myelination delay in neonatal rats subjected to E. coli sepsis?
### Response:
| These data strongly suggest that CIP exerts a beneficial effect in a model of E. coli sepsis-induced WMD in rat pups that is independent of its antibacterial activity but likely related to iNOS expression modulation. |
### Instruction:
Does evaluation of contraindicated drug-drug interaction alert in a hospital setting?
### Response:
| Most contraindicated drug-drug interaction alerts from a commercial knowledge base were inappropriately categorized and could be downgraded. Some contraindicated drug combinations are permissible under specific circumstances. Alerts suggesting that certain drugs should never be used together, but their use together is sometimes acceptable, contribute to alert fatigue. |
### Instruction:
Is frequency of citrus fruit intake associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease : the Jichi Medical School cohort study?
### Response:
| Frequent intake of citrus fruit may reduce the incidence of CVD, especially cerebral infarction, in men and women. |
### Instruction:
Is c14ORF179 encoding IFT43 mutated in Sensenbrenner syndrome?
### Response:
| The results indicate that Sensenbrenner syndrome is caused by disrupted IFT-A-mediated retrograde ciliary transport. |
### Instruction:
Is endoscopic dissection of large endogenous myogenic tumors in the esophagus and stomach safe and feasible : a report of 42 cases?
### Response:
| ED is safe and feasible for resection of endogenous EL and GST in selected cases. |
### Instruction:
Is day-to-day discrepancy in Bravo pH monitoring related to the degree of deterioration of the lower esophageal sphincter and severity of reflux disease?
### Response:
| Patients with a discrepancy between days of Bravo pH monitoring have lower esophageal acid exposure. Variability between the 2 days represents early deterioration of the gastroesophageal barrier and indicates less advanced reflux disease. |
### Instruction:
Does lower fetuin-A predict angiographic impaired reperfusion and mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Because low-admission fetuin-A levels are associated with impaired coronary flow in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, admission fetuin-A level detection may be helpful in identifying the patients at a greater risk of poor coronary blood flow and worse short- and long-term prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Does blockade of NMDA GluN2B receptors selectively impair behavioral flexibility but not initial discrimination learning?
### Response:
| These data suggest that systemic blockade of GluN2B receptors Ro25-6981 does not appear to interfere with the initial acquisition of simple visual or response discriminations. However, these receptors do appear to play a central and selective role in the modification of previously acquired strategies or stimulus-reward associations, facilitating behavioral inhibition so that novel patterns of behavior may emerge. |
### Instruction:
Do factors affecting wound leakage in 23-gauge sutureless pars plana vitrectomy?
### Response:
| Using an extremely OSI versus a conventional sclerotomy incision reduces the incidence of wound leakage postoperatively because of its self-sealing effect. Other factors that contribute to wound leakage, such as increased surgical duration and nonmacular diagnosis, may be indirect measurements of extensive trocar rotation, causing wound leakage despite the use of an OSI. |
### Instruction:
Are postpartum changes in maternal and infant erythrocyte fatty acids likely to be driven by restoring insulin sensitivity and DHA status?
### Response:
| Postpartum increases in 18:0, and decreases in 16:0 and 18:1ω9, might derive from reduced insulin-promoted DNL-activity, with more reduced SCD- than Elovl-activity that leaves more 16:0 to be converted to 18:0 (Elovl-activity) than to MUFA (SCD-activity). Postpartum changes in ΣDNL, saturated-FA and MUFA related negatively to RBC-DHA. This concurs with suppression of both SCD- and Elovl-6 activities by DHA, through its influence on SREBP. Infant MUFA and LA increased at expense of their mothers. Sustained transport might be important for myelination (MUFA) and skin barrier development (LA). Maternal postpartum decreases in FADS2-, and apparent increases in FADS1-activity, together with increases in LA, AA, and 22:5ω3, but decrease in DHA, confirm that FADS2 is rate limiting in EFA-desaturation. Maternal LA and AA increases might be the result of rerouting from transplacental transfer to the incorporation into milk lipids and discontinued placental AA-utilization. |
### Instruction:
Do thioredoxin 80-activated-monocytes ( TAMs ) inhibit the replication of intracellular pathogens?
### Response:
| Our results show that Trx80 potentiates the bactericidal activities of professional phagocytes, and contributes to the first line of defense against intracellular bacteria. |
### Instruction:
Is core temperature variation associated with heart rate variability independent of cardiac index : a study of 278 trauma patients?
### Response:
| The conclusions of this study are (1) temperature extremes are associated with low HRV, potentially reflecting cardiac autonomic dysfunction; (2) CI increases with temperature; and (3) HRV provides additional physiologic information unobtainable via current invasive cardiac monitoring and current vital signs. |
### Instruction:
Are less frequent opening of the aortic valve and a continuous flow pump risk factors for postoperative onset of aortic insufficiency in patients with a left ventricular assist device?
### Response:
| AI, which is hemodynamically significant, develops after implantation of various types of LVADs. Physicians need to be more alert to the development of AI particularly with continuous flow devices. |
### Instruction:
Are vagal activities involved in antigen-specific immune inflammation in the intestine?
### Response:
| The intestinal vagus nerve in mice expresses a high-affinity IgE receptor. An antigen-specific immune response can activate the vagus nerve in the intestine and induces the release of transmitters to modulate dendritic cell phenotypes that facilitate the development of skewed Th2 polarization in the intestine. |
### Instruction:
Does central activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway reduce surgical inflammation in experimental post-operative ileus?
### Response:
| Our findings show that i.c.v. semapimod reduces manipulation-induced intestinal inflammation and prevented post-operative ileus. This anti-inflammatory effect depends on central activation of the vagus nerve. |
### Instruction:
Does resveratrol rescue cAMP-dependent anionic transport in the cystic fibrosis pancreatic cell line CFPAC1?
### Response:
| These results show that resveratrol modulated CFTR expression and localization and could rescue cAMP-dependent chloride transport in delF508CFTR cells. |
### Instruction:
Does familial segregation of a VSX1 mutation add a new dimension to its role in the causation of keratoconus?
### Response:
| The VSX1 Q175H mutation may be a pathogenic variant with incomplete penetrance. Protein modeling studies show that the mutation affects the DNA binding properties of the protein. This VSX1 variant exhibiting low penetrance may require the presence of some modifier genes or environmental factors for disease presentation. VSX1 may have an important role in the pathogenesis of keratoconus which needs further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Does localized delivery of interferon-β by Lactobacillus exacerbate experimental colitis?
### Response:
| Our IFNAR1 expression data identifies a correlation between the loss/downregulation of IFNAR1 on DCs and exacerbation of colitis. Our data show that Lactobacillus secreting IFN-β has an immunological effect that in our model results in the exacerbation of colitis. This study underscores that the selection of therapeutics delivered by a bacterial vehicle must take into consideration the simultaneous effects of the vehicle itself. |
### Instruction:
Does whey protein stimulate postprandial muscle protein accretion more effectively than do casein and casein hydrolysate in older men?
### Response:
| Whey protein stimulates postprandial muscle protein accretion more effectively than do casein and casein hydrolysate in older men. This effect is attributed to a combination of whey's faster digestion and absorption kinetics and higher leucine content. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00557388. |
### Instruction:
Does caspase-3 contribute to ZO-1 and Cl-5 tight-junction disruption in rapid anoxic neurovascular unit damage?
### Response:
| Our data provide evidence that caspase-3 is rapidly activated during acute cerebral ischemia predominantly without triggering DNA-fragmentation in BEC. Further we detected fast TJ protein disruptions which could be partly blocked by caspase-3 inhibition with Z-DEVD-fmk. We suggest that the basis for clinically relevant BBB breakdown in form of TJ disruptions is initiated within minutes during ischemia and that caspase-3 contributes to this process. |
### Instruction:
Does quantitative proteomics identify the Myb-binding protein p160 as a novel target of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor?
### Response:
| A major barrier to understanding the functions of ubiquitin ligases has been the difficulty in pinpointing their ubiquitination substrates. The quantitative proteomics approach we devised for the identification of VHL substrates will be widely applicable to other ubiquitin ligases. |
### Instruction:
Is pathological upstaging detected in radical cystectomy procedures associated with a significantly worse tumour-specific survival rate for patients with clinical T1 urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder?
### Response:
| More than one-third of patients with cT1 tumours had an upstaging that was associated with significant prognosis deterioration. Further valid markers are required for an early identification of these patients. LVI represents such a criterion and, therefore, should be evaluated in prospectively designed trials with accurate histopathological assessment of TURB specimens. |
### Instruction:
Does menopausal status in breast cancer patients with past chemotherapy determine long-term hypoactive sexual desire disorder?
### Response:
| Cancer treatment that leads to long-term ovarian failure in breast cancer patients has a negative impact on sexual desire. Patients with menopause induced by chemotherapy or GnRH agonists show significantly reduced sexual desire as compared to menstruating patients with past chemotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Are both surgical clipping and endovascular embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms associated with long-term improvement in self-reported quantitative headache scores?
### Response:
| This study suggests that surgical and endovascular treatment of a UIA is associated with dramatic improvement in self-reported HA score an average of 32.4 months postoperatively. |
### Instruction:
Does severe obstructive sleep apnea impair left ventricular diastolic function in non-obese men?
### Response:
| These results indicate that severe OSA itself may contribute directly to LV diastolic dysfunction irrespective of LV geometry, arterial stiffness, obesity and its associated cardiovascular risk factors. |
### Instruction:
Does pringle maneuver exacerbate systemic inflammatory response and multiple-organ injury induced by extended liver radiofrequency ablation?
### Response:
| Extended liver RFA causes SIR and multi-organ injury, which are exacerbated when a concurrent Pringle maneuver is applied. |
### Instruction:
Are gliadin-mediated proliferation and innate immune activation in celiac disease due to alterations in vesicular trafficking?
### Response:
| In this study, we have shown that P31-43 induces both increase of the trans-presented IL-15/IL5R alpha complex on cell surfaces by altering the trafficking of the vesicular compartments as well as proliferation of crypt enterocytes with consequent remodelling of CD mucosa due to a cooperation of IL-15 and EGFR. |
### Instruction:
Does gene profiling of MTA1 identify novel gene targets and functions?
### Response:
| This study represents a complete genome wide screen for possible target genes of a coregulator, Mta1. The comparative gene profiling of Mta1 wild type, Mta1 knockout and Mta1 re-expression in the Mta1 knockout conditions define "bona fide" Mta1 target genes. Further extensive analyses of the data highlights the influence of P53 on Mta1 gene regulation. In the presence of P53 majority of the genes regulated by Mta1 are related to inflammatory and anti-microbial responses whereas in the absence of P53 the predominant target genes are involved in cancer signaling. Thus, the presented data emphasizes the known functions of Mta1 and serves as a rich resource which could help us identify novel Mta1 functions. |
### Instruction:
Does chronic treatment with fluoxetine for more than 6 weeks decrease neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of adult mice?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that long-term (more than 6 weeks) treatment with FLX has the opposite effect on neurogenesis in the SVZ than it does in the DG. The results also suggest that the decrease in neurogenesis in the SVZ might be involved in some aspects of the drugs' therapeutic effects on depression. In addition, our findings raise the possibility that some of the side effects of antidepressants might be mediated by decreased adult neurogenesis in the SVZ. |
### Instruction:
Is endothelial Grb2-associated binder 1 crucial for postnatal angiogenesis?
### Response:
| Gab1 is essential for postnatal angiogenesis through mediating angiogenic and survival signaling. |
### Instruction:
Are early inflammatory reactions in atherosclerosis induced by proline-rich tyrosine kinase/reactive oxygen species-mediated release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and subsequent activation of the p21Cip1/Ets-1/p300 system?
### Response:
| PYK2 is a key tyrosine kinase activated by high cholesterol exposure, which causes ROS-mediated TNFα release and induces TNFα-dependent expression of proinflammatory molecules via the p21Cip1/Ets-1/p300 transcription system. |
### Instruction:
Is msx-1 suppressed in bisphosphonate-exposed jaw bone analysis of bone turnover-related cell signalling after bisphosphonate treatment?
### Response:
| Msx-1, RANKL suppression and BMP-2 induction were consistent with the bisphosphonate-associated osteopetrosis and impaired bone remodelling in BP- and aRANKL-induced ONJ. Msx-1 suppression suggested a possible explanation of the exclusivity of ONJ in jaw bone. Functional analyses of Msx-1- RANKL interaction during bone remodelling should be performed in the future. |
### Instruction:
Is premature ovarian failure in nobox-deficient mice caused by defects in somatic cell invasion and germ cell cyst breakdown?
### Response:
| These results indicate that POF syndrome in Nobox deficient mice results from the faulty signaling between somatic and germ line components during embryonic development. In addition, the extremely unusual and abnormal presence of adherens junctions between unseparated oocytes within syncytial follicles indicates that faulty communication between somatic and germ cells is involved in, or leads to, abnormalities in the cell adhesion program. |
### Instruction:
Does eurasian and Sub-Saharan African mitochondrial DNA haplogroup influence pseudoexfoliation glaucoma development in Saudi patients?
### Response:
| Mitochondrial haplogroups T and L2 may play a role in the development of PEG in the Saudi Arabian population. |
### Instruction:
Does miRNA-mRNA integrated analysis reveal roles for miRNAs in primary breast tumors?
### Response:
| This study provides a comprehensive dataset as well as methods and system-level results that jointly form a basis for further work on understanding the role of miRNA in primary breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does genome-wide association study identify single nucleotide polymorphism in DYRK1A associated with replication of HIV-1 in monocyte-derived macrophages?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that the kinase DYRK1A is involved in the replication of HIV-1, in vitro in macrophages as well as in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does coronary artery calcification predict long-term mortality in hypertensive adults?
### Response:
| CAC is associated with long-term mortality in asymptomatic hypertensive adults. |
### Instruction:
Does optimal DNA tier for the IRT/DNA algorithm determined by CFTR mutation result over 14 years of newborn screening?
### Response:
| Although CFTR panel selection has been challenging, our data show that a 23 mutation method optimizes sensitivity and is advantageous. The IRT cutoff value, however, is actually more critical than DNA in determining CF newborn screening sensitivity. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of histone deacetylases 1 and 6 enhance cytarabine-induced apoptosis in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia cells?
### Response:
| Our results further confirm that HDACs are bona fide therapeutic targets for treating pediatric AML and suggest that pan-HDACIs may be more beneficial than isoform-specific drugs. |
### Instruction:
Does parenteral nutrition impair lymphotoxin β receptor signaling via NF-κB?
### Response:
| Lack of enteral stimulation during PN decreases both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways in PP. LTβR stimulation during PN feeding completely restores PP noncanonical NF-κB activity, MAdCAM-1, IL-4, IL-10, and partly the canonical pathway. LTβR blockade decreases the noncanonical NF-κB activity, MAdCAM-1, chemokines, and cytokines without effect on the canonical NF-κB activity in PP. |
### Instruction:
Do presynaptic NMDA receptors mediate IPSC potentiation at GABAergic synapses in developing rat neocortex?
### Response:
| The present results indicate that presynaptic NMDA receptors modulate GABA release onto neocortical pyramidal cells. Presynaptic NR2B subunit containing NMDA receptors are also involved in potentiation at developing GABAergic synapses in rat frontal cortex. Modulation of inhibitory GABAergic synapses by presynaptic NMDA receptors may be important for proper functioning of local cortical networks during development. |
### Instruction:
Are images of the terminal ileum more convincing than cecal images for verifying the extent of colonoscopy?
### Response:
| Terminal ileum intubation is achievable rapidly and safely in the majority of patients undergoing colonoscopy. Terminal ileum images provide more convincing evidence of complete examination of the colon than cecal images, even when attempts to capture images specifically of the ICV and appendiceal orifice are made. |
### Instruction:
Do p2X4 receptors interact with both P2X2 and P2X7 receptors in the form of homotrimers?
### Response:
| We conclude that both pairs of receptors interact in the form of distinct homomers. We urge caution in the interpretation of biochemical evidence indicating heteromer formation in other cases. |
### Instruction:
Do mice lacking the Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein exhibit exaggerated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension?
### Response:
| The lack of RKIP protein resulted in a pulmonary hypertensive phenotype, exaggerated in hypoxia. Hypoxia induced phosphorylation of RKIP signalling elements in WT pulmonary arteries. RKIP inhibition potentiated mitogen-induced proliferation in lung fibroblasts. These results provide evidence for the involvement of RKIP in suppressing the development of hypoxia-induced PAH in mice. |
### Instruction:
Does vEGF-D correlate with metastatic disease in gastric cancer patients undergoing surgery?
### Response:
| The ligand VEGF-D, rather than the other ligands or tyrosine kinase receptors analyzed, is associated with progressive disease in gastric cancer patients undergoing surgery. The VEGF-D ligand might be a helpful marker indicating disseminated disease, and targeting VEGF-D may be a potential therapeutic strategy, although limitations imposed by the selected sample population have to be considered critically. |
### Instruction:
Are loss-of-function variants in the filaggrin gene a significant risk factor for peanut allergy?
### Response:
| Filaggrin mutations represent a significant risk factor for IgE-mediated peanut allergy, indicating a role for epithelial barrier dysfunction in the pathogenesis of this disease. |
### Instruction:
Does increased ratio of dietary carbohydrate to protein shift the focus of metabolic signaling from skeletal muscle to adipose?
### Response:
| Taken together these data suggest that altering CHO:PRO ratios within the AMDR produce different glycemic response patterns accompanied by differential metabolic signaling in skeletal muscle and adipose. |
### Instruction:
Do monogamy and high relatedness preferentially favor the evolution of cooperation?
### Response:
| The solitary ancestral species to cooperative breeders may have been predominantly monogamous, but it cannot be concluded that monogamy is a predisposing state for the evolution of helping behavior. Monogamy may simply be coincidental to other more important life history characteristics such as nest defense or sequential provisioning of offspring. The differing predictive outcome from a gene-based model also supports arguments that inclusive fitness formulations poorly model some evolutionary questions. Nevertheless, cooperation only evolves when benefits are provided for kin: helping alleles did not increase in frequency in the absence of potential gains in indirect fitness. The key question, therefore, is not whether kin selection occurs, but how best to elucidate the differing evolutionary advantages of genetic relatedness versus genetic diversity. |
### Instruction:
Is the dopamine transporter decreased in the striatum of subjects with restless legs syndrome?
### Response:
| The current study found a significant decrease in DAT BP in two independent studies. These results when viewed along with prior RLS SPECT and autopsy studies of DAT, and cell culture studies with iron deficiency and DAT, suggest that membrane-bound striatal DAT, but not total cellular DAT, may be decreased in RLS. |
### Instruction:
Is excessive daytime sleepiness associated with increased health care utilization among patients referred for assessment of OSA?
### Response:
| Excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with increased health care utilization among patients referred for assessment of OSA. Further investigation is required to determine whether the findings are related to direct effects of sleepiness, or in part, to interactions with other comorbidity such as OSA. |
### Instruction:
Does intracerebral infection with dengue-3 virus induce meningoencephalitis and behavioral changes that precede lethality in mice?
### Response:
| Intracerebral infection with non-adapted DENV-3 induces encephalitis and behavioral changes that precede lethality in mice. |
### Instruction:
Does hIF-1-dependent stromal adaptation to ischemia mediate in vivo tumor radiation resistance?
### Response:
| Our results illustrate that tumor radioresistance is mediated by a capacity to compensate for stromal vascular disruption through HIF-1-dependent proangiogenic signaling and that clinically relevant vascular imaging techniques can spatially define mechanisms associated with tumor irradiation. |
### Instruction:
Is fetal endothelium dysfunction associated with circulating maternal levels of sE-selectin , sVCAM1 , and sFlt-1 during pre-eclampsia?
### Response:
| High circulating levels of maternal endothelial dysfunction markers present in pre-eclampsia are associated with decreased NO synthesis in fetal endothelium. |
### Instruction:
Is overweight of adolescent girls associated with self-mutilative behavior?
### Response:
| Low self-esteem, depression or dysfunctional emotion regulation may be possible mediating factors between overweight and SMB. |
### Instruction:
Is emergence of autoantibodies to HMGB1 associated with survival in patients with septic shock?
### Response:
| This study shows that autoantibodies to HMGB1 are produced during sepsis and are associated with a favorable outcome in patients undergoing septic shock. |
### Instruction:
Is urgent endoscopy associated with lower mortality in high-risk but not low-risk nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
### Response:
| Endoscopy within 13 h of presentation was associated with lower mortality in high-risk but not low-risk NVUGIB. |
### Instruction:
Does elevated expression of Tim-3 on CD8 T cells correlate with disease severity of pulmonary tuberculosis?
### Response:
| The elevated expression of Tim-3 on CD8 T cells correlates with functional defects of CD8 T cells and disease severity of pulmonary TB. |
### Instruction:
Does oral fluid result compared to self reports of recent cocaine and heroin use by methadone maintenance patients?
### Response:
| Oral fluid testing provides an objective means of verifying recent drug use and for assessment of patients in treatment for substance use disorders. |
### Instruction:
Is anatomic location a risk factor for atypical and malignant meningiomas?
### Response:
| Nonskull-base meningiomas, male sex, and prior surgery impart increased risk for grade II or III pathology. This increased risk translates to probable poorer prognosis and increased likelihood of recurrence after treatment. Thus, it is prudent to take these specific variables into consideration in conjunction with the complete clinical presentation when advising patients regarding their prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Do extracellular and intraneuronal HMW-AbetaOs represent a molecular basis of memory loss in Alzheimer 's disease model mouse?
### Response:
| Now, we have evidence that HMW-AβOs are among the earliest manifestation of the AD toxic process in mice and humans. We are certain that our studies move us closer to our goal of finding a therapeutic target and/or confirming the relevance of our therapeutic strategy. |
### Instruction:
Is prior oral antithrombotic therapy associated with early death in patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage?
### Response:
| The OA group patients were older, their GCS was lower, they had larger hematoma volume, and more frequent occurrence of early death. Prior oral antithrombotic therapy is associated with early death in patients with supratentorial ICH. |
### Instruction:
Is generation of adaptive regulatory T cells by alloantigen required for some but not all transplant tolerance protocols?
### Response:
| We conclude that graft alloantigen stimulates the de novo generation of aTregs, and this generation may represent a necessary step in some but not all protocols of tolerance induction. |
### Instruction:
Does dietary enrichment of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice with extra virgin olive oil in combination with seal oil inhibit atherogenesis?
### Response:
| Dietary supplementation of a marine/olive oil combination inhibits atherosclerotic lesion formation in the female apoE-/- mice by antithrombotic, antihypertriglyceridemic, and antioxidant effects. |
### Instruction:
Does differential miRNA expression in omental adipose tissue and in the circulation of obese patients identify novel metabolic biomarkers?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that candidate metabolic miRNAs are altered in adipose tissue and circulation of the obese. Omental fat tissue and systemic miRNA levels reflect components of the metabolic syndrome, highlighting their potential as novel biomarkers for this complex syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Is local-regional radiotherapy and surgery associated with a significant survival advantage in metastatic breast cancer patients?
### Response:
| Surgery and radiotherapy were associated with a significant survival advantage. We argue that local therapy should be considered even in metastatic disease. |
### Instruction:
Does protein kinase Cβ2 inhibition reduce hyperglycemia-induced neural tube defects through suppression of a caspase 8-triggered apoptotic pathway?
### Response:
| PKCβ2 influences a caspase 8-regulated apoptotic pathway in diabetic embryopathy. |
### Instruction:
Is adiponectin associated with favorable lipoprotein profile , independent of BMI and insulin resistance , in adolescents?
### Response:
| Obese adolescents have lower adiponectin levels than lean, and a more atherogenic lipoprotein profile, associated with increased IR. Adiponectin was inversely associated with atherogenic lipoproteins in adolescents, even after adjusting for obesity and IR. This is the first such report in children, and suggests a relationship between adiponectin and lipoproteins in adolescents independent of BMI and IR. |
### Instruction:
Is tolerance of spermatogonia to oxidative stress due to high levels of Zn and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase?
### Response:
| These data indicate that the presence of high levels of Cu/Zn SOD and Zn render spermatogonia resistant to ROS, and consequently protected from oxidative stress. These findings provide the biochemical basis for the high tolerance of spermatogonia to oxidative stress. |
### Instruction:
Does extra corporeal life support make advanced radiologic examinations and cardiac interventions possible in patients with cardiac arrest?
### Response:
| It is possible to make radiological examinations i.e., CT scans, pulmonary and coronary angiography in patients suffering heart arrest of unknown origin with the use of ECLS in order to improve patient treatment in this very high-risk population. |
### Instruction:
Does a melodic contour repeatedly experienced by human near-term fetuses elicit a profound cardiac reaction one month after birth?
### Response:
| Thus, 3-weeks of prenatal exposure to a specific melodic contour affects infants 'auditory processing' or perception, i.e., impacts the autonomic nervous system at least six weeks later, when infants are 1-month old. Our results extend the retention interval over which a prenatally acquired memory of a specific sound stream can be observed from 3-4 days to six weeks. The long-term memory for the descending melody is interpreted in terms of enduring neurophysiological tuning and its significance for the developmental psychobiology of attention and perception, including early speech perception, is discussed. |
### Instruction:
Are hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance associated with severe fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis caused by HBV or HCV infection?
### Response:
| CHB patients had high steatosis prevalence, similar to CHC controls, but lower IR rate. Both steatosis and IR in CHC, and only steatosis in CHB, are independently associated with fibrosis severity. |
### Instruction:
Is lamivudine treatment associated with improved survival in fulminant hepatitis B?
### Response:
| Treatment with lamivudine significantly decreases the mortality of fulminant hepatitis B patients without SIRS, and a rapid decline of HBV DNA load is one of the good predictors for the treatment outcome. |
### Instruction:
Is aflatoxin genotoxicity associated with a defective DNA damage response bypassing p53 activation?
### Response:
| Genotoxic doses of AFB1 induce an incomplete and inefficient checkpoint response in human cells. This defective response may contribute to the mutagenic and carcinogenic potencies of aflatoxins. |
### Instruction:
Are adults with a family history of alcohol related problems more impulsive on measures of response initiation and response inhibition?
### Response:
| These results suggest that response initiation and response inhibition impulsivity are increased in individuals with family histories of alcohol related problems despite not having alcohol or drug use disorders themselves. In contrast, increased consequence sensitivity impulsivity may be associated with additional risk factors such as more severe family histories of alcohol use disorders, or it may be increased as a consequence of heavy drug or alcohol use. |
### Instruction:
Do anthocyanin-derived phenolic acids form glucuronides following simulated gastrointestinal digestion and microsomal glucuronidation?
### Response:
| We propose that following ingestion, anthocyanins may be found in the systemic circulation as free or conjugated phenolic acids, which should be a focus of future dietary interventions. |
### Instruction:
Do early follow-up outcomes after treatment of degenerative disc disease with the discover cervical disc prosthesis?
### Response:
| These early results from a small cohort demonstrate that cervical arthroplasty with the Discover artificial cervical disc for the treatment of degenerative cervical disc disease may provide a good clinical outcome and preserves some motion postoperatively. Although early outcomes are promising, this is also a relatively new technology and prosthesis, long-term follow-up studies with larger patient numbers are required to assess safety and efficacy compared with alternative treatments. |
### Instruction:
Does cYP3A5 genotype influence everolimus in vitro metabolism and clinical pharmacokinetics in renal transplant recipients?
### Response:
| This study provides direct and indirect evidence that CYP3A5 genotyping cannot help improve everolimus therapy. |
### Instruction:
Do liver natural killer cells play a role in the destruction of islets after intraportal transplantation?
### Response:
| Our results clearly show the destructive activity of liver NK cells toward islets, suggesting that NK cells play a role in early islet graft loss after intraportal islet transplantation. |
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