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### Instruction:
Is macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha an early component of the molecular cascade leading to angiogenesis in response to aortic injury?
### Response:
| Overexpression of TNFα is required for optimal VEGF production and angiogenesis in response to injury. This TNFα/VEGF-mediated angiogenic pathway requires macrophages. The residual capacity of TNFα to stimulate angiogenesis in macrophage-depleted aortic cultures implies the existence of a VEGF-independent alternate pathway of TNFα-induced angiogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does endothelin 1 stimulate Ca2+-sparks and oscillations in retinal arteriolar myocytes via IP3R and RyR-dependent Ca2+ release?
### Response:
| Et1 stimulates Ca(2+)-sparks and oscillations through Et(A)Rs. The underlying mechanism involves the activation of phospholipase C and both IP(3)Rs and RyRs, suggesting crosstalk between these Ca(2+)-release channels. These findings suggest that phasic Ca(2+)-oscillations play an important role in the smooth muscle response to Et1 within the retinal microvasculature and support an excitatory, proconstrictor role for Ca(2+)-sparks in these vessels. |
### Instruction:
Does noninvasive brain stimulation reduce prejudice scores on an implicit association test?
### Response:
| We show that prejudice scores can be significantly reduced by inhibitory rTMS delivered to the bilateral ATLs. This may implicate this area in conceptual associations that lead to overgeneralization and stereotyping of social groups. |
### Instruction:
Does oxymetazoline add to the effectiveness of fluticasone furoate in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis?
### Response:
| The addition of oxymetazoline adds to the effectiveness of fluticasone furoate in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. The lack of development of rhinitis medicamentosa suggests the need for a large multicenter study to develop a once-a-day combination of an intranasal steroid and a long-acting topical decongestant. |
### Instruction:
Does bilateral amygdala damage impair the acquisition and use of common ground in social interaction?
### Response:
| These results support the conclusion that the amygdala, a structure critical for social and emotional processing, plays an important role in the acquisition and use of common ground and in social communication more broadly. |
### Instruction:
Are subjects with molecularly defined familial hypercholesterolemia or familial defective apoB-100 being adequately treated?
### Response:
| The majority of FH/FDB subjects are being diagnosed late in life and are not being adequately treated. In order to prevent them from contracting premature coronary heart disease, it is key that levels of LDL cholesterol are normalized from a young age and that sufficient doses of lipid-lowering drugs are being used. |
### Instruction:
Is the tumour-associated glycoprotein podoplanin expressed in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of the hyperplastic synovial lining layer in rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Here we show that podoplanin is highly expressed in FLSs of the invading synovial tissue in RA. The concomitant upregulation of α-sma and podoplanin in a subpopulation of FLSs indicates a myofibroblast phenotype. Proinflammatory mediators increased the podoplanin expression in cultured RA-FLS. We conclude that podoplanin might be involved in the synovial tissue transformation and increased migratory potential of activated FLSs in RA. |
### Instruction:
Do spider silk constructs enhance axonal regeneration and remyelination in long nerve defects in sheep?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that spider silk enhances Schwann cell migration, axonal regrowth and remyelination including electrophysiological recovery in a long-distance peripheral nerve gap model resulting in functional recovery. This improvement in nerve regeneration could have significant clinical implications for reconstructive nerve surgery. |
### Instruction:
Do tLR3 and TLR7 modulate IgE production in antigen induced pulmonary inflammation via influencing IL-4 expression in immune organs?
### Response:
| TLR3 in mLN and TLR7 in spleen both systemically modulate disease development in AIPI rats via altering serum IgE concentration relevant to Th2 responses. And these findings may provide an important clue for further research in the asthma pathogenesis and suggest a new remedy for asthma treatment. |
### Instruction:
Do t helper cells promote disease progression of osteoarthritis by inducing macrophage inflammatory protein-1γ?
### Response:
| CD4(+) T cells were activated during the onset of OA, but cartilage damage was more prominent at a later stage. CD4(+) T cells were involved in the pathogenesis of OA: they induced MIP-1γ expression and subsequent osteoclast formation. |
### Instruction:
Is glucose intolerance in renal transplant recipients associated with increased urinary albumin excretion?
### Response:
| These results indicated that glucose intolerance is associated with increased albuminuria in renal transplant recipients. The rise in insulin resistance and systolic pressure may contribute to the increase of urinary albumin excretion in renal transplant recipients. |
### Instruction:
Does elevation in exhaled nitric oxide predict for radiation pneumonitis?
### Response:
| Elevations in exhaled NO at the end of RT was found to predict for radiation pneumonitis symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Is cerebral acetylcholinesterase activity decreased in MS patients with cognitive impairment?
### Response:
| In the patient group regional AChE activities had inverse correlations with Word learning and MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) scores. In the group of cognitively deteriorated MS patients no change in cerebral AChE activity, compared with controls, was observed, but within the patient group more pronounced cognitive symptoms were associated with higher cerebral AChE activity. |
### Instruction:
Is olfactory threshold impaired in early , active multiple sclerosis?
### Response:
| We report evidence for qualitatively distinct hyposmia in MS, with increased smell threshold in the early inflammatory phases of the disease and impaired identification with a more widespread chronic disease. |
### Instruction:
Does iL-4 induce differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into fibrogenic fibroblast-like cells?
### Response:
| The current study demonstrates that IL-4 induces differentiation of stem/precursor cells into fibroblast-like cells that demonstrate a more fibrogenic phenotype, which is due to reduced expression of miR-155. These findings provide a novel mechanism for the persistent abnormalities in IL-4-related diseases and a novel target to regulate tissue remodeling by fibroblasts. |
### Instruction:
Is nonlesional atopic dermatitis skin characterized by broad terminal differentiation defects and variable immune abnormalities?
### Response:
| Our study implies that systemic immune activation might play a role in alteration of the normal epidermal phenotype, as suggested by the high correlation in expression of immune genes in ANL skin with the disease severity index. |
### Instruction:
Does docosahexaenoic acid selectively induce human prostate cancer cell sensitivity to oxidative stress through modulation of NF-κB?
### Response:
| NF-κB is heavily implicated in promoting prosurvival signaling and may be critical for resistance to the chronic oxidative stress observed in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Our studies indicate that exposure of cells to physiologically achievable levels of DHA prior to treatment with H(2) O(2) results in decreased cancer cell survival which is associated with nuclear exclusion of NF-κB. We therefore propose that DHA selectively sensitizes prostate cancer cells to growth arrest through attenuation of the NF-κB survival pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does sumoylation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α ameliorate failure of brain stem cardiovascular regulation in experimental brain death?
### Response:
| We conclude that sumoylation of HIF-1α in RVLM ameliorates brain stem cardiovascular regulatory failure during experimental brain death via upregulation of nitric oxide synthase I/protein kinase G signaling. This information should offer new therapeutic initiatives against this fatal eventuality. |
### Instruction:
Does up-regulation of microRNA-145 promote differentiation by repressing OCT4 in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells?
### Response:
| Our results strongly suggested that miR-145 is a tumor cell differentiation-inducing agent in endometrial carcinoma, and that miR-145 or OCT4 may be useful markers for grading endometrial carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Does sedative drug modulate T-cell and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 function?
### Response:
| Our study suggests that propofol competitively inhibits LFA-1 binding to ICAM-1 on T-cells and suppresses T-cell proliferation and IL-2 production, whereas dexmedetomidine and midazolam do not significantly influence these immunological assays. |
### Instruction:
Are 2007 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association ( ACC/AHA ) Guidelines on perioperative cardiac evaluation usually incorrectly applied by anesthesiology residents evaluating simulated patients?
### Response:
| The results show that fewer than half of anesthesiology residents nationwide correctly demonstrate the approach considered the standard of care for preoperative cardiac evaluation. Further study is necessary to elucidate the correct intervention(s), such as use of decision support tools, increased clarity of guidelines for routine use, adjustment in educational programs, and/or greater familiarity of responsible faculty with the material. |
### Instruction:
Does calpain-10 interact with plasma saturated fatty acid concentrations to influence insulin resistance in individuals with the metabolic syndrome?
### Response:
| The rs2953171 polymorphism at the CAPN10 gene locus may influence insulin sensitivity by interacting with the plasma fatty acid composition in subjects with MetS. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00429195. |
### Instruction:
Does glutamine therapy improve outcome of in vitro and in vivo experimental colitis models?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of GLN as a "pharmacologically acting nutrient" in the setting of experimental IBD. GLN sufficiency is crucial for the colonic epithelium to mount a cell-protective, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory response against inflammatory injury. The enhanced HSP expression observed following GLN treatment may be responsible for this protective effect. |
### Instruction:
Does the peptide AF-16 decrease high interstitial fluid pressure in solid tumors?
### Response:
| We conclude that AF-16 transiently and reversibly lowered the high IFP in solid tumors during a few hours, which might translate into improved therapeutic efficacy. |
### Instruction:
Does cyclosporine alter correlation between free and total mycophenolic acid in kidney transplant recipients in the initial phase?
### Response:
| Serum concentration of albumin was lower in the initial phase than in the stable phase. A higher ratio of free MPAG C(0) to free MPA C(0) was observed in cyclosporine-treated than tacrolimus-treated kidney transplant recipients. Free MPA C(0) correlated weakly with total MPA C(0) in kidney transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine in the initial phase (ρ= 0·53, P = 0·06). |
### Instruction:
Do semi-mature MyD88-silenced bone marrow dendritic cells prolong the allograft survival in a rat model of intestinal transplantation?
### Response:
| Semi-mature DCs may promote inducible allograft tolerance and this study suggests a new strategy by which to facilitate the induction of transplant tolerance. |
### Instruction:
Does tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 counteract glucolipotoxicity in the pancreatic β-cell line INS-1?
### Response:
| TIMP-1 may counteract glucolipotoxicity induced β-cell death via a PI-3 kinase pathway. |
### Instruction:
Do individual preferences and social interactions determine the aggregation of woodlice?
### Response:
| Here we show for the first time that aggregation in woodlice implies a strong social component and results from a trade-off between individual preferences and inter-attraction between individuals. Moreover, our results reveal that the response to the heterogeneities affects only the location of the aggregates and not the level of aggregation, and demonstrate the strong inter-attraction between conspecifics which can outweigh individual preferences. This inter-attraction can lead to situations that could seem sub-optimal. |
### Instruction:
Does gastric acid secretion level modulate the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and low-dose aspirin-induced gastropathy?
### Response:
| This study has demonstrated that aspirin-induced gastropathy is directly associated with gastric acid secretion. In addition, it also suggested that the gastric acid secretion level modulates the association between H. pylori infection and aspirin-induced gastropathy. |
### Instruction:
Does a glycyrrhizin-containing preparation reduce hepatic steatosis induced by hepatitis C virus protein and iron in mice?
### Response:
| These results suggest that SNMC prevents hepatic steatosis possibly by protecting mitochondria against oxidative stress induced by HCV proteins and iron overload. |
### Instruction:
Do anthocyanidins-enriched bilberry extracts inhibit 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation via the insulin pathway?
### Response:
| Our data demonstrate that anthocyanidin enriched bilberry extracts strongly inhibit the adipocyte differentiation via the insulin pathway. Furthermore, bilberry extracts might be used as a potential complementary treatment for the obese patients with metabolic syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Are uric acid and pentraxin-3 levels independently associated with coronary artery disease risk in patients with stage 2 and 3 kidney disease?
### Response:
| SUA and pentraxin-3 levels are independent determinants of severity of CAD in patients with mild-to-moderate CKD. We recommend a clinical trial to determine whether lowering uric acid could prevent progression of CAD in patients with CKD. |
### Instruction:
Does nutritional state alter the association between free triiodothyronine levels and mortality in hemodialysis patients?
### Response:
| Low-T3 syndrome is a frequent finding among HD patients, but it does not predict outcome. However, serum fT3 level is a strong and inverse mortality predictor, in part explained by its underlying association with nutritional state and inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Does leptin enhance nitric oxide-dependent relaxation of the clitoral corpus cavernosum?
### Response:
| A high concentration of leptin enhances ACh-dependent relaxation in clitoral cavernosal smooth muscles. These relaxation effects of leptin may occur through an NO-dependent mechanism and voltage-dependent calcium channel blockade. |
### Instruction:
Does impaired growth of denervated muscle contribute to contracture formation following neonatal brachial plexus injury?
### Response:
| Injury of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus leads to impaired growth of the biceps and brachialis muscles, which are responsible for elbow flexion contractures, and impaired growth of the subscapularis muscle, which correlates with internal rotation contracture of the shoulder. Shoulder muscle imbalance alone causes neither subscapularis shortening nor internal rotation contracture. Impaired muscle growth cannot be explained solely by absence of functioning satellite cells. |
### Instruction:
Is the waning of teriparatide effect on bone formation markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis associated with increasing serum levels of DKK1?
### Response:
| Long-term (>12 months) treatment with TPD is associated with an increase in serum levels of DKK1 that might be associated with the appearance of declining effect on bone formation markers. |
### Instruction:
Are unreplaced sex steroid deficiency , corticotropin deficiency , and lower IGF-I associated with lower bone mineral density in adults with growth hormone deficiency : a KIMS database analysis?
### Response:
| Hormone variables associated with lower sBMD in patients with adult-onset GHD include unreplaced sex steroid deficiency and corticotropin deficiency in the LS and lower IGF-I SDS in the FN. |
### Instruction:
Does sensitivity to cisplatin in primary cell lines derived from human glioma correlate with levels of EGR-1 expression?
### Response:
| Increased knowledge of the mechanisms regulating EGR-1 expression in wild-type p53/INK4a/p16 cases of glioma may help in the design of new chemotherapeutic strategies for these tumors. |
### Instruction:
Do novel sulI binary vectors enable an inexpensive foliar selection method in Arabidopsis?
### Response:
| Novel sulI-containing Agrobacterium binary vectors designed to over-express a gene of interest or to characterize a test promoter in transgenic plants have been constructed. These new vector tools combined with the various beneficial attributes of sulfonamide selection and the simple foliar screening strategy provide an advantageous alternative for plant biotechnology researchers. The set of binary vectors is freely available upon request. |
### Instruction:
Does neuropeptide Y mediate orexin A-mediated suppression of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in ovariectomized rats?
### Response:
| NPY mediated the suppressive effect of intracerebroventricularly injected orexin A on pulsatile LH secretion, suggesting that hypothalamic orexin suppressed pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion via NPY in the hypothalamus of female rats. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Infection with hepatitis B virus enhance basal autophagy ]?
### Response:
| HBV can enhance basal autophagy and the increment is dependent on HBx. Different genotypes of HBx had different effects on basal autophagy. Take together, these findings will help us to clarify the mechanism of HBV infection and the development of Hepatitis B to HCC in the future study. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Construction of Astragalus sinicus AD-cDNA library and identification of proteins interact with the leghemoglobin ]?
### Response:
| The cDNA inserts of positive clones were sequenced and undertaken a blast analysis in NCBI database, it was found that clone LY-53 contained a tify domain and divergent CCT motif, which was an important transcription factor needs in-depth investigation. |
### Instruction:
Is cinnabar converted into methylmercury by human intestinal bacteria?
### Response:
| These results showed that under gut flora conditions cinnabar would be transformed into mercuric polysulfides rather than methylmercury. Our work provides evidences of nontoxic transformation of cinnabar in the human intestinal bacteria. |
### Instruction:
Is unintentional weight loss as the sole indication for colonoscopy rarely associated with colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| Based on our prospective case study, unintentional weight loss alone was not associated with CRC. |
### Instruction:
Does nanosized rods agglomerate as a new approach for formulation of a dry powder inhaler?
### Response:
| The results obtained lend support to the hypothesis that controlled agglomeration strategies provide an efficient approach for the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs into the lungs. |
### Instruction:
Does attention bias away from threat during life threatening danger predict PTSD symptoms at one-year follow-up?
### Response:
| Attention bias away from threat during acute stress may relate to risk for PTSD. This suggests that neurocognitive measures may index risk for PTSD. |
### Instruction:
Is hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity related to 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations and thiopurine-induced leukopenia in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease?
### Response:
| High levels of HPRT activity could be a predictor of leukopenia and unsafe 6-TGN concentrations in patients undergoing AZA/6-MP therapy. This could partly explain the therapeutic response or toxicity that could not be adequately explained by the polymorphisms of TPMT. |
### Instruction:
Does a chemically modified antibody mediate complete eradication of tumours by selective disruption of tumour blood vessels?
### Response:
| These results reinforce the concept that vascular shutdown can induce a curative avalanche of tumour cell death. Immuno-photodynamic therapy may be particularly indicated for squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, which we show to be strongly positive for markers of angiogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does thymidine phosphorylase in cancer cells stimulate human endothelial cell migration and invasion by the secretion of angiogenic factors?
### Response:
| In our cell line panels, TP did not increase the tumour invasion, but stimulated the migration and invasion of HUVECs by two different mechanisms. Hence, TP targeting seems to provide a potential additional strategy in the field of anti-angiogenic therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does clozapine increase reward evaluation but not overall ingestive behaviour in rats licking for sucrose?
### Response:
| The ability of clozapine to increase reward evaluation might contribute to explain its atypical profile both in the clinical setting and in preclinical studies. These results suggest that 5-HT2A/2C receptors are not involved in the observed effect. |
### Instruction:
Do the influence of margin location on the amount of undetected cement excess after delivery of cement-retained implant restorations?
### Response:
| The amount of residual cement after cleaning increased as the restoration margins were located more subgingivally. |
### Instruction:
Does locally administered interferon-γ accelerate lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclastogenesis independent of immunohistological RANKL upregulation?
### Response:
| The results suggest that local IFN-γ accelerates osteoclastogenesis in certain conditions of LPS-induced inflammatory bone loss. |
### Instruction:
Do antibodies against CD20 or B-cell receptor induce similar transcription patterns in human lymphoma cell lines?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that treatment with anti-CD20 antibodies triggers at least partially a BCR activation-like response in NHL cell lines. |
### Instruction:
Does o-linked glycosylation lead to decreased thermal stability of interferon alpha 2b as measured by two orthogonal techniques?
### Response:
| We demonstrate that O-linked glycosylation decreases the thermal stability of IFN α-2b compared to a non-glycosylated variant of the protein. |
### Instruction:
Does immunonutrition with long-chain fatty acids prevent activation of macrophages in the gut wall?
### Response:
| During sepsis, activated macrophages are released from the gut into mesenteric lymph. However, an enteral diet with lipid is able to suppress the inflammatory cytokine release from mesenteric lymph leukocytes. |
### Instruction:
Is gDF5 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs143383 associated with lumbar disc degeneration in Northern European women?
### Response:
| Our findings in 5 population cohorts from Northern Europe indicate that a variant in the GDF5 gene is a risk factor for LDD in women. Many more such variants are predicted to exist, but this result highlights the growth and differentiation cellular pathway as a possible route to a better understanding of the process behind lumbar disc degeneration. |
### Instruction:
Does validation of the Swedish inpatient and cause-of-death register in the context of stroke?
### Response:
| Quality follow-up within stroke care could be biased or have low comparability, when administrative data are used. Great caution should be taken when data are derived from the inpatient and cause-of-death registers, and more validation work needs to be carried out in the context of stroke. |
### Instruction:
Do distinct cerebrospinal fluid proteomes differentiate post-treatment lyme disease from chronic fatigue syndrome?
### Response:
| nPTLS and CFS have distinguishing CSF protein complements. Each condition has a number of CSF proteins that can be useful in providing candidates for future validation studies and insights on the respective mechanisms of pathogenesis. Distinguishing nPTLS and CFS permits more focused study of each condition, and can lead to novel diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. |
### Instruction:
Is improving antibiotic use in the hospital : Focusing on positive blood cultures an effective option?
### Response:
| In complement to the laboratory report, a computer-generated alert used by the IDS was useful for the management of pBC in hospital. The impact of IDS counselling was more effective when the evaluation was restricted to medical and surgical wards. |
### Instruction:
Does miR-34a induce the downregulation of both E2F1 and B-Myb oncogenes in leukemic cells?
### Response:
| Owing to the role of B-Myb and E2F1 transcription factors in controlling cell-cycle progression of leukemic cells, the downregulation of these oncogenes by miR-34a suggests the usefulness of therapeutic approaches aimed to modulate the levels of miR-34a. |
### Instruction:
Does respiratory pulse pressure variation fail to predict fluid responsiveness in acute respiratory distress syndrome?
### Response:
| During protective mechanical ventilation for early ARDS, partly because of insufficient changes in pleural pressure, ΔRESPPP performance was poor. Careful fluid challenges may be a safe alternative. |
### Instruction:
Is hypoperfusion of brain parenchyma associated with the severity of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in patients with multiple sclerosis : a cross-sectional preliminary report?
### Response:
| This pilot study is the first to report a significant relationship between the severity of CCSVI and hypoperfusion in the brain parenchyma. These preliminary findings should be confirmed in a larger cohort of MS patients to ensure that they generalize to the MS population as a whole. Reduced perfusion could contribute to the known mechanisms of virtual hypoxia in degenerated axons. |
### Instruction:
Are tumor-infiltrating macrophages associated with metastasis suppression in high-grade osteosarcoma : a rationale for treatment with macrophage activating agents?
### Response:
| In contrast to most other tumor types, TAMs are associated with reduced metastasis and improved survival in high-grade osteosarcoma. This study provides a biological rationale for the adjuvant treatment of high-grade osteosarcoma patients with macrophage activating agents, such as muramyl tripeptide. |
### Instruction:
Does sonic hedgehog signaling protect human hepatocellular carcinoma cells against ionizing radiation in an autocrine manner?
### Response:
| Activation of Shh signaling protects HCC cells against ionizing radiation in an autocrine manner. Impairment of DNA damage repair might involve mechanism of Shh-induced radioresistance. Targeting Shh signaling pathway may be a novel strategy to enhance the radioresponse of human HCC cells. |
### Instruction:
Does clinical utility of 4D FDG-PET/CT scan in radiation treatment planning?
### Response:
| In comparison to 3D PET, 4D PET may better define the full physiologic extent of moving tumors and improve radiation treatment planning for lung tumors. In addition, reduction of blurring from free-breathing images may reveal additional information regarding regional disease. |
### Instruction:
Does psychological approach to successful ageing predict future quality of life in older adults?
### Response:
| Only the psychological approach to successful ageing independently predicted QoL at follow-up. Successful ageing is not only about the maintenance of health, but about maximising one's psychological resources, namely self-efficacy and resilience. Increasing use of preventive care, better medical management of morbidity, and changing lifestyles in older people may have beneficial effects on health and longevity, but may not improve their QoL. Adding years to life and life to years may require two distinct and different approaches, one physical and the other psychological. Follow-up health status, number of supporters and social activities, and self-rated active ageing also significantly predicted QoL at follow-up. The longitudinal sample bias towards healthy survivors is likely to underestimate these results. |
### Instruction:
Are occult and previous hepatitis B virus infection associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in United States patients with chronic hepatitis C?
### Response:
| Although almost half the patients in the HALT-C Trial had serological evidence of previous HBV infection, there was no difference in prevalence of anti-HBc in serum or HBV DNA in liver between patients who did or did not develop HCC. In the United States, neither previous nor occult HBV infection is an important factor in HCC development among patients with advanced chronic hepatitis C. |
### Instruction:
Is the stable repression of mesenchymal program required for hepatocyte identity : a novel role for hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α?
### Response:
| The pivotal role of HNF4α in the induction and maintenance of hepatocyte differentiation should also be ascribed to its capacity to continuously repress the mesenchymal program; thus, both HNF4α activator and repressor functions are necessary for the identity of hepatocytes. |
### Instruction:
Does paneth cell-derived interleukin-17A cause multiorgan dysfunction after hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| Taken together, the results show that Paneth cell-derived IL-17A plays a critical role in hepatic IR injury and extrahepatic organ dysfunction. Modulation of Paneth cell dysregulation may have therapeutic implications by reducing systemic complications arising from hepatic IR. |
### Instruction:
Are vitamin D-associated polymorphisms related to insulin resistance and vitamin D deficiency in polycystic ovary syndrome?
### Response:
| VDR and vitamin D level-related variants are associated with metabolic and endocrine parameters including 25(OH)D levels in PCOS women. |
### Instruction:
Do outcomes after resection of postchemotherapy residual neck mass in patients with germ cell tumors -- an update?
### Response:
| Resection of residual postchemotherapy neck masses is indicated because of the high incidence of viable tumor or teratoma in the residual mass and the inability to accurately predict the histology of the neck masses. Resection of residual neck masses leads to excellent local control and can contribute to long-term disease control and survival. |
### Instruction:
Does surgical correction of multiple upper eyelid fold in East Asians?
### Response:
| The most important factors for correction of unwanted multiple fold lines are accurate dissection, the maintenance of sufficient tissue, and prevention of readhesion between the skin and levator using other soft-tissue augmentation. This method can provide very satisfactory results, even in severe cases. |
### Instruction:
Is preoperative hypogonadism an independent predictor of high-risk disease in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy?
### Response:
| In contrast with previous reports, preoperative circulating TT levels were not associated with high-risk PCa. Likewise, hypogonadism did not achieve independent predictor status for high-risk PCa. |
### Instruction:
Does farnesyl transferase expression determine clinical response to the docetaxel-lonafarnib combination in patients with advanced malignancies?
### Response:
| Despite the small number of patients, these findings support our preclinical mechanistic studies and warrant further clinical investigations using FTase-beta mRNA expression as a potential predictive biomarker to select for an enriched patient population to study the effects of taxane and FTase inhibitor combination therapies. |
### Instruction:
Does 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor modulate opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance in mice?
### Response:
| Morphine acts via a 5-HT3-dependent mechanism to support multiple maladaptations to the chronic administration of morphine. Furthermore, the use of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists may provide a new avenue to prevent or reverse OIH and tolerance associated with chronic opioid use. |
### Instruction:
Does response to hepatitis B vaccine differ by birthweight among neonates?
### Response:
| These data support the hypothesis that birthweight has an effect on response to HBV vaccine. Using the same needle length for immunization of macrosomic infants for hepatitis B reveals significantly reduced antibody titers, this can be related also to possible endogenous factors. Further studies are needed to assess appropriate needle length and effects of other factors on vaccine reactogenicity for macrosomic infants. |
### Instruction:
Does overexpression of alternatively spliced tissue factor induce the pro-angiogenic properties of murine cardiomyocytic HL-1 cells?
### Response:
| Overexpression of murine asTF in murine cardiomyocytic cells increases their proliferation, monocyte migration, and pro-angiogenic properties -possibly- mediated by the induction of the pro-migratory and pro-angiogenic factors FGF2, Cyr61 and VEGF. Thus, we propose that murine asTF may serve as a migration- and angiogenesis-promoting factor. |
### Instruction:
Is macronutrient absorption characteristics in humans with short bowel syndrome and jejunocolonic anastomosis : starch the most important carbohydrate substrate , although pectin supplementation may modestly enhance short chain fatty acid production and fluid absorption?
### Response:
| Despite malabsorption, starch is the primary carbohydrate substrate for colonic bacterial fermentation in patients with short bowel syndrome, although soluble fiber intake also enhances colonic SCFA production. |
### Instruction:
Does recognition of iodixanol by dendritic cells increase the cellular response in delayed allergic reactions to contrast media?
### Response:
| These results provide evidence for a DC-mediated mechanism in delayed allergic reactions to CM, influencing T cell proliferation and cytokine production. These new insights will be helpful for designing immunotherapeutic strategies and in vitro diagnostic tests of CM-delayed reactions. |
### Instruction:
Is hypophosphatemia during continuous hemodialysis associated with prolonged respiratory failure in patients with acute kidney injury?
### Response:
| Hypophosphatemia occurs frequently during dialysis, particularly with long and intensive treatment. Decline in serum phosphate levels during dialysis is associated with higher incidence of prolonged respiratory failure requiring tracheostomy, but not 28-day mortality. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of vascular disease at ultrasound examination in patients on hemodialysis?
### Response:
| Increased IMT and calcifications at US are common findings in hemodialysis patients. Aging and smoking are consistent determinants for both image alterations. Parathyroid hormone elevation is associated with increased IMT. Diabetes and time on dialysis substantially increase the risk for arterial calcification. |
### Instruction:
Do exogenous testosterone and estrogen affect bladder tissue contractility and histomorphology differently in rat ovariectomy model?
### Response:
| Either estradiol or testosterone replacement alone or in combination prevents significant alterations in bladder tissue histology following ovariectomy whereas both affect the bladder tissue contractility. Thus, combination treatment appears to be the best method to restore both contractility and histomorphology of bladder tissue after ovariectomy. |
### Instruction:
Does ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block enhance postoperative blood flow in arteriovenous fistulas?
### Response:
| When used for AVF access surgery, infraclavicular brachial plexus block provides higher blood flow in the radial artery and AVF than is achieved with infiltration anesthesia. |
### Instruction:
Are pro-inflammatory cytokines raised in extrahepatic portal venous obstruction , with minimal hepatic encephalopathy?
### Response:
| Patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction have inflammation and hyperammonemia made evident by higher blood TNF-α, IL-6, ammonia, and brain glutamine levels. A significant correlation between hyperammonemia, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cerebral edema on DTI in various brain regions suggests that both these factors play a role in the pathogenesis of MHE in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Does expression signature of microRNA-181-a reveal its crucial role in the pathogenesis of paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus?
### Response:
| miR-181-a plays an important role in SLE pathogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does the tripeptide FEG ameliorate systemic inflammatory responses to rat intestinal anaphylaxis?
### Response:
| Aside from showing that intestinal anaphylaxis produces significant systemic inflammatory responses in non-intestinal tissues, our results indicate that the tripeptide feG is a potent inhibitor of extra-gastrointestinal allergic reactions preventing both acute (30 min) and chronic (3 h or greater) inflammatory responses. |
### Instruction:
Is frequent mutation in the ABCC6 gene ( R1141X ) associated with a strong increase in the prevalence of coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| The presence of the R1141X mutation in the ABCC6 gene is associated with a sharply increased risk of premature CAD. |
### Instruction:
Is gliadin a good substrate of several transglutaminases : possible implication in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease?
### Response:
| Gliadin is a good substrate for endogenous, microbial and plant transglutaminases. An interesting altemative is that gliadins are deamidated by microbial or food transglutaminases in the intestinal lumen. The assay described provides an ultrasensitive method for measuring small amounts of transglutaminase and is considered a helpful tool in further studies of the possible role of transglutaminases in the pathogenesis of CD. |
### Instruction:
Does a pediatric amino acid solution for total parenteral nutrition affect liver function test results in neonates?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that this amino acid solution for pediatrics has no significant effect on LFTs in neonates, even when high doses of amino acids (3.5 g/kg per day) are infused. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Plasmapheresis in combine therapy of hypercoagulation syndrome in hematogenic thrombophilia ]?
### Response:
| Therapeutic PA in hypercoagulation syndrome in HT patients leads to fast normalization of the clinical picture and reestablishment of patency of thrombus-affected vessels. |
### Instruction:
Is up-regulation of transferrin receptor expression in hepatocytes by habitual alcohol drinking implicated in hepatic iron overload in alcoholic liver disease?
### Response:
| The up-regulation of TfR expression in hepatocytes is implicated in hepatic iron overload in ALD, and habitual alcohol drinking is an important factor for the induction of TfR expression. |
### Instruction:
Does increase of rat alcohol drinking behavior depend on the age of drinking onset?
### Response:
| Alcohol drinking behavior in experimental animals depends on the age of alcohol drinking onset. |
### Instruction:
Does estriol enhance lipopolysaccharide-induced increases in nitric oxide production by Kupffer cells via mechanisms dependent on endotoxin?
### Response:
| Estriol treatment in vivo enhances LPS-induced NO production in Kupffer cells. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma 3-deoxyglucosone elevation in chronic renal failure associated with increased aldose reductase in erythrocytes?
### Response:
| Both erythrocyte AR and 3DG levels are increased in uremic patients, and these increases could possibly contribute to the development of uremic symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Is obesity the most important determinant of higher blood pressure among normotensive Chinese?
### Response:
| Normotensive subjects in the higher blood pressure categories had worse risk factor profiles. Obesity was the most important and consistent determinant of higher blood pressure categories. |
### Instruction:
Does prestorage leucocyte reduction of red cell components prevent release of bactericidal permeability increasing protein and defensins?
### Response:
| PMNs lose their membrane integrity during cold storage and release their contents into red cell components. Prestorage leucocyte reduction of red cell components prevents the accumulation of BPI, defensins and annexin A5. |
### Instruction:
Does cytokine levels as performance indicators for white blood cell reduction of platelet concentrate?
### Response:
| These results show that markers of cytokine release from both WBCs and platelets are useful indicators of the performance and efficacy of the WBC-reduction process and of platelet quality. |
### Instruction:
Does intrathecal IgM synthesis predict the onset of new relapses and a worse disease course in MS?
### Response:
| The presence of oligoclonal IgM bands in CSF can be a prognostic marker in the early phases of MS. |
### Instruction:
Does the endothelin antagonist BQ123 reduce pulmonary vascular resistance after surgical intervention for congenital heart disease?
### Response:
| Postoperative elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance in children after surgical intervention for congenital heart disease is responsive to endothelin-A blockade with BQ123. Increased levels of endothelin-1 predict the response to this therapy, which might become an important addition to the clinical armamentarium in postoperative pulmonary hypertensive disease. |
### Instruction:
Is regular intake of non-opioid analgesics associated with an increased risk of restless legs syndrome in patients maintained on antidepressants?
### Response:
| Neither antidepressants nor neuroleptics but non-opioid analgesics appear to be a major risk factor of RLS. Their regular use should be considered in studies of RLS-patients on psychotropic or other drugs. In this sample of secondary-care patients, ICD-10 classified depression or anxiety per se did not appear to be a risk factor of RLS. |
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