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### Instruction:
Does short-term training increase diagnostic and treatment rate for insomnia in general practice?
### Response:
| Short-term training of GPs can significantly improve their diagnostic sensitivity and first-line treatment efforts against insomnia. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-1 beta induce interleukin-6 mRNA expression and protein production in synovial cells from human temporomandibular joint?
### Response:
| IL-1 beta increased IL-6 production in synovial cells resulting from an increase in IL-6 mRNA expression. Enhanced production of IL-6, which is associated with bone resorption and inflammatory response, seems to be related to the progression of TMJ disorders. |
### Instruction:
Do echocardiography-derived variables predict outcome in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy with or without a restrictive filling pattern?
### Response:
| RFP is a powerful independent predictor of mortality in patients with nonischemic DCM. The risk associated with RFP is greatest among patients who had short isovolumic relaxation time, mitral regurgitation, incoordinate wall-motion, and depressed amplitude of right ventricular long axis excursion. Thus, echocardiography-derived variables may stratify patients with heart failure with DCM who are at high risk, for whom aggressive medical treatment or heart transplantation should be considered early. |
### Instruction:
Does the graft help to define the character of the alloimmune response?
### Response:
| In the DBA/2-> C57B1/6 strain combination, cardiac allografts induce pro-inflammatory immunity and allograft rejection, while kidney allografts induce anti-inflammatory immunity and allograft acceptance despite the fact that both organs display the same strong MHC disparities and are implanted at the same location. Anti-inflammatory immunity and allograft acceptance are displayed by cardiac allograft recipients when they are transiently treated with select immunosuppressants. Thus, multiple immune response options are available to the organ allograft recipient, and the choice is determined, to some degree, by the allograft, itself. |
### Instruction:
Is apolipoprotein E4 only a weak predictor of dementia and cognitive decline in the general population?
### Response:
| The APOE epsilon4 allele is a weaker predictor for dementia in the general population than for AD. This may be because dementia can be caused by non-AD pathological processes and because most prevalent dementia occurs at an age when the APOE epsilon4 effect on AD risk (and therefore dementia) has started to decline. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Inhibition of activation of nuclear factor-KappaBeta enhance apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in P388 cell line ]?
### Response:
| Chemotherapeutic drugs (Ara-C, Cy, and VP-16) induce apoptosis and meanwhile induce the activation of NF-KappaBeta in P388 cells. Glucocorticoids, such as DXM, suppress the activation of NF-KappaBeta in leukemic cells, thus increasing the apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. |
### Instruction:
Does exposure to cooking fume in restaurant kitchens in norway?
### Response:
| The exposure to fat aerosols was modest, but could be up to 50% of the Norwegian threshold limit value (TLV) for nuisance dust (10 mg/m(3)). Fat aerosols from frying will, however, contain a mixture of heat- and water-treated fat from the meat which is being fried, hydrolysed vegetable fat and other degradation products, such as fatty acids, other organic acids and aldehydes. As a consequence of this, cooking fumes should be regarded as harmful to the lungs. The levels of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were well below the TLVs. |
### Instruction:
Is pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of rocuronium in myasthenic patients improved by taking into account the number of unbound acetylcholine receptors?
### Response:
| We performed a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling study in myasthenic patients and control patients. The unbound receptor model, which takes into account the number of unbound acetylcholine receptors in the biophase, was introduced and compared with the model proposed by Sheiner. |
### Instruction:
Are mice with glycine receptor subunit mutations both sensitive and resistant to volatile anesthetics?
### Response:
| We tested two mouse lines with glycine receptor mutations to determine whether glycine receptors might play an important role in anesthetic responses in vivo. Both sensitivity and resistance to common anesthetics were observed in mutant mice, depending on the behavioral end-point evaluated. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma cholecystokinin associated with subjective measures of satiety in women?
### Response:
| In women, the feeling of satiety caused by cholecystokinin release is enhanced by increasing either the fiber or fat content of a low-fat, low-fiber meal. |
### Instruction:
Does cD40 ligand inhibit endothelial cell migration by increasing production of endothelial reactive oxygen species?
### Response:
| The activation of the CD40 receptor inhibits EC migration by increasing reactive oxygen species. The blockade of EC migration by CD40L may critically affect endothelial regeneration after plaque erosion and thereby may contribute to the increased risk for development of acute coronary events in patients with high circulating levels of CD40L. |
### Instruction:
Does the analgesic domain of interferon-alpha2b contain an essential proline ( 39 ) residue?
### Response:
| Combining the sequence of the endomorphin, it is suggested that the Pro(39) residue is one of the constituents of the analgesic domain of IFN-alpha and contributes to IFN-alpha binding to the mu opioid receptor. |
### Instruction:
Does bone alkaline phosphatase serum level predict the response to antiandrogen withdrawal?
### Response:
| Lower serum levels of BAP seems to correlate with a better response to antiandrogen withdrawal. Moreover, a level of BAP higher than 50 ng/ml would predict strongly the absence of response. |
### Instruction:
Does hepcidin expression inversely correlate with the expression of duodenal iron transporters and iron absorption in rats?
### Response:
| This study showed a close relationship between the expression of hepcidin, duodenal iron transporters, and iron absorption. Both hepcidin expression and iron absorption can be regulated before iron stores and erythropoiesis are affected, and transferrin saturation may signal such changes. |
### Instruction:
Are mutations in NOD2 associated with fibrostenosing disease in patients with Crohn 's disease?
### Response:
| In this description of a genotype/phenotype correlation in CD patients and NOD2 variants, data suggest that variation in this gene contributes to the occurrence of fibrostenotic CD of the small bowel. |
### Instruction:
Do sustained release chemotherapeutic microspheres provide superior efficacy over systemic therapy and local bolus infusions?
### Response:
| Injectable microspheres might be ideal for local, sustained delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to solid tumors. However, attention must be paid to the placement of the microspheres, for injections around the tumor perimeter may be required for efficacy. |
### Instruction:
Do leukocyte and bacterial counts correlate with severity of symptoms in men with chronic prostatitis : the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Cohort Study?
### Response:
| Although men with chronic prostatitis routinely receive anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial therapy, we found that leukocytes and bacterial counts as we defined them do not correlate with severity of symptoms. These findings suggest that factors other than leukocytes and bacteria also contribute to symptoms associated with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Is bupropion occupancy of the dopamine transporter low during clinical treatment?
### Response:
| Bupropion treatment occupies less than 22% of DAT sites. This raises the question as to whether a DAT occupancy of less than 22% is therapeutic or whether there is another mechanism involved during treatment with bupropion. |
### Instruction:
Does acute citalopram administration produce correlated increases in plasma and salivary cortisol?
### Response:
| Monitoring changes in salivary cortisol might be a valid and acceptable means of measuring 5-HT-mediated cortisol release. |
### Instruction:
Do postsynaptic 5-HT ( 1A ) receptors mediate an increase in locomotor activity in the monoamine-depleted rat?
### Response:
| The present data indicate that R-(+)-8-OHDPAT can increase motor activity in monoamine-depleted rats through postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors and not necessarily through 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor-mediated alterations in 5-HT synthesis and release. A potential mechanism of 5-HT(1A)-mediated modulation of non-monoaminergic motor circuits in the brain is discussed. Taken together, the results suggest that 5-HT(1A) agonists would provide a novel approach to the amelioration of antipsychotic-induced side effects and the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease. |
### Instruction:
Does acute administration of citalopram facilitate memory consolidation in healthy volunteers?
### Response:
| These results indicate that augmentation of serotonergic neurotransmission is associated with increased memory consolidation, which may be relevant to its therapeutic and cognitive actions in acutely depressed patients. |
### Instruction:
Does the F-box protein SKP2 mediate androgen control of p27 stability in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells?
### Response:
| Our studies suggest that SKP2 is a major determinant of p27 levels in human prostate cancer cells. Based on our in vitro studies, we suggest that overexpression of SKP2 may be one of the mechanisms that allow prostate cancer cells to escape growth control mediated by p27. Consequently, the SKP2 pathway may be a suitable target for novel prostate cancer therapies. |
### Instruction:
Does magnetic source imaging demonstrate altered cortical distribution of function in patients with arteriovenous malformations?
### Response:
| MSI showed that some patients with AVMs have abnormal cortical distribution of function. The involvement of primary cortex correlated with worse outcome after treatment. Our results suggest that preoperative functional imaging may help to better estimate treatment risks and ultimately to guide therapeutic planning. |
### Instruction:
Does nitrendipine block the nociceptive effects of chronically administered ethanol?
### Response:
| L-type calcium channel blockers block hyperalgesia during ethanol withdrawal and may mediate, at least in part, the antinociceptive effects of chronic ethanol. |
### Instruction:
Does octreotide enhance the accelerating effect of erythromycin on gastric emptying in healthy subjects?
### Response:
| Serotonin receptors are involved in the accelerating effect of erythromycin on gastric emptying. This effect seems to be enhanced by pre-treatment with octreotide, possibly as a result of the modification of the gastrointestinal hormonal environment. |
### Instruction:
Do depressive symptoms predict 12-month prognosis in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Depression after AMI is a significant predictor of 1-year cardiac events for Japanese population, and its presence augments the risk especially in the elderly patients. |
### Instruction:
Does yohimbine administration prevent over-responsiveness to epinephrine induced by simulated microgravity?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that the increase in the effects of Epi induced during microgravity could be attenuated by chronic administration of yohimbine. An explanation for this effect could be SNS activation brought about by the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist properties of yohimbine. |
### Instruction:
Do cocaine and SKF-82958 potentiate brain stimulation reward in Swiss-Webster mice?
### Response:
| Cocaine and SKF-82958 each potentiate the rewarding effects of lateral hypothalamic brain stimulation in Swiss-Webster mice, implying that these drugs have rewarding effects of their own. The reward-facilitating effects of low doses of cocaine and SKF-82958 are additive (or synergistic). These data suggest that SKF-82958 may decrease cocaine-seeking behavior by mechanisms related to reward rather than aversion. |
### Instruction:
Do environmental stimuli promote the acquisition of nicotine self-administration in rats?
### Response:
| These results illustrate a powerful interaction between environmental stimuli and nicotine in the acquisition of operant responding and indicate that both intrinsically reinforcing and previously neutral cues can participate in this effect. |
### Instruction:
Does exercise-induced increase in baroreflex sensitivity predict improved prognosis after myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Post-MI exercise training can favorably modify long-term survival, provided that it is associated with a clear shift of the autonomic balance toward an increase in vagal activity. |
### Instruction:
Is smoking associated with altered endothelial-derived fibrinolytic and antithrombotic factors : an in vitro demonstration?
### Response:
| These results indicate that cigarette smoking is associated with alterations in EC-derived fibrinolytic (t-PA) and antithrombotic (TFPI-1) factors. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that EC-derived TFPI is affected by smoking and endogenous NO or that the degree of smoke exposure may influence TFPI levels in an EC milieu. |
### Instruction:
Does allergy after ingestion or inhalation of cereals involve similar allergens in different ages?
### Response:
| Clinically significant reactivity to cereal may be observed in early life. Inhalation and ingestion routes causing cereal allergy seem to involve similar allergens. The diet control was more effective in children. The possibility of cereal allergy after the introduction of cereal formula during the lactation period should not be underestimated. |
### Instruction:
Are high basic fibroblast growth factor levels in nipple aspirate fluid correlated with breast cancer?
### Response:
| bFGF concentration in NAF is directly associated with breast cancer, regardless of race and menopausal status. NAF bFGF may prove helpful in the early detection of breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is body weight a predictor of biphasic shock success for low energy transthoracic defibrillation?
### Response:
| Body weight is a determinant of shock success with biphasic waveforms at low energy levels in this swine model. |
### Instruction:
Does small carbon monoxide formation in absorbents correlate with small carbon dioxide absorption?
### Response:
| In an in vitro study, carbon dioxide (CO(2)) absorption capacity and possible carbon monoxide (CO) formation were tested in different absorbent brands. Absorbents with very small CO formation are not necessarily poor CO(2) absorbents. |
### Instruction:
Does use of a variable-stiffness colonoscope allow completion of colonoscopy after failure with the standard adult colonoscope?
### Response:
| A variable-stiffness colonoscope allowed completion of colonoscopy in all patients without obstruction who had an incomplete colonoscopy with the standard colonoscope. Further study is needed to determine whether the variable-stiffness colonoscope should be used routinely for colonoscopy. |
### Instruction:
Does myofibroblast accumulation correlate with the formation of fibrotic tissue in a rat air pouch model?
### Response:
| The interaction between cartilage and the newly formed granulation tissue results in a faster degradation of cartilage molecules, which in turn leak into the surrounding ECM and affect the recruitment of myofibroblasts. This indicates the importance of the micromatrix. |
### Instruction:
Do modifications in adenoviral coat fiber proteins and transcriptional regulatory sequences enhance transgene expression?
### Response:
| Adenovirus attachment and uptake by cells and promoter strength limit transgene expression from conventional adenoviral vectors in models of rheumatoid arthritis. |
### Instruction:
Is fulvestrant , formerly ICI 182,780 , as effective as anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing after prior endocrine treatment?
### Response:
| Fulvestrant was as effective as anastrozole. These data confirm that fulvestrant is an additional, effective, and well-tolerated treatment for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women whose disease progressed on prior endocrine therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is the white-coat effect associated with increased blood pressure reactivity to physical activity?
### Response:
| These data suggest increased BP reactivity to activity in those with a white-coat effect. Patients with a prominent white-coat effect may experience greater BP load during normal daily activities as a consequence of increased BP reactivity. In patients with white-coat hypertension, this may contribute to target-organ damage. |
### Instruction:
Do repeated physiologic stresses provide persistent cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats?
### Response:
| Two episodes of physiologic or pharmacologic stress can provide persistent cardioprotective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. |
### Instruction:
Does large artery stiffness predict ischemic threshold in patients with coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| Within a patient group with moderate CAD, large artery stiffness was a major determinant of myocardial ischemic threshold. |
### Instruction:
Does tobacco point of sale advertising increase positive brand user imagery?
### Response:
| The results presented here support restrictions being placed on advertising at point of sale, since such ads have the potential to increase positive brand user imagery directly in the situation where a product purchase can take place, and hence the potential to increase the likelihood of impulse purchasing. |
### Instruction:
Is the Decorin gene 179 allelic variant associated with a slower progression of renal disease in patients with type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| The 179 allele variant of the Decorin gene is related to a slower progression of DN in type 1 diabetic patients with albuminuria and receiving antihypertensive therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does the APC tumor suppressor control entry into S-phase through its ability to regulate the cyclin D/RB pathway?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that APC functions upstream of RB in the G(1)/S regulatory pathway, cyclin D1 and cMYC affect APC-mediated arrest equivalently to oncogenic beta-catenin, and most colon tumors disrupt control of G(1)/S progression by APC mutation. |
### Instruction:
Does junD stabilization result in inhibition of normal intestinal epithelial cell growth through P21 after polyamine depletion?
### Response:
| Polyamines negatively regulate junD gene expression posttranscriptionally, and increased JunD/AP-1 inhibits intestinal epithelial cell proliferation at least partially through the activation of p21 promoter. |
### Instruction:
Is fas/CD95 required for gastric mucosal damage in autoimmune gastritis?
### Response:
| The observations that Fas is up-regulated in gastric parietal cells of mice with EAG and that Fas-deficient mice are resistant to development of destructive gastritis provide compelling evidence that Fas is required in vivo for development of gastric mucosal cell damage in autoimmune gastritis. |
### Instruction:
Do celiac lesion T cells recognize epitopes that cluster in regions of gliadins rich in proline residues?
### Response:
| Several DQ2-restricted T-cell epitopes exist in gliadin that are located in regions rich in proline. This likely reflects epitope selection at the levels of digestive and antigen-presenting cell processing, transglutaminase-mediated deamidation, and/or peptide binding to DQ2. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of human intestinal mucin modulated by the beta-galactoside binding protein galectin-3 in colon cancer?
### Response:
| The beta-galactoside binding protein galectin-3 modulates the expression of its major ligand MUC2 mucin in human colon cancer cells. This may have important implications for understanding the role of galectin-3 in colon cancer metastasis. |
### Instruction:
Do evidence for reversal of the caries decline among Norwegian children?
### Response:
| There has been a highly significant increase in caries experience among 5-year-olds (P < 0.001) and a levelling off among 12-year-olds over the past 3 years. Considering the association between caries prevalence at age 5 and caries experience at 12 years of age, there is a need for reassessment of the caries preventive programmes for children in Norway. |
### Instruction:
Does mild opioid deprivation increase the degree that opioid-dependent outpatients discount delayed heroin and money?
### Response:
| Opioid deprivation increased the degree to which dependent individuals discounted delayed heroin and money. Understanding the conditions that affect how drug-dependent individuals discount delayed rewards might help us understand the myopic choices made by such individuals and help improve treatment outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Are angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension attenuated by epidermal growth factor receptor antisense?
### Response:
| Ang II requires EGFR to mediate ERK activation in VSMCs and the heart. EGFR plays a critical role in the LVH induced by Ang II. |
### Instruction:
Does ischemic preconditioning attenuate apoptotic cell death in the rat retina?
### Response:
| IPC protects against ischemic injury, in part, by diminishing apoptosis-related gene expression and by altering protein phosphorylation. |
### Instruction:
Does magnesium sulfate inhibit the oxytocin-induced production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in cultured human myometrial cells?
### Response:
| Magnesium sulfate appears to inhibit phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate-specific phospholipase C activity and subsequent calcium release in cultured myometrial cells by a direct effect on phospholipase C. |
### Instruction:
Does uCN-01 ( 7-hydroxystaurosporine ) inhibit the growth of human breast cancer xenografts through disruption of signal transduction?
### Response:
| UCN-01 appeared to be a promising agent for the treatment of breast cancer, with a different mode of action and antitumor spectrum from other currently available antitumor drugs. |
### Instruction:
Do effect of structured workshop training on subsequent performance of journal peer reviewers?
### Response:
| Among invited peer reviewers, voluntary attendance at a highly structured and interactive workshop was low and did not improve the quality of subsequent reviews, contrary to the predictions of attendees. Efforts to aggressively recruit average reviewers to a second workshop were time consuming, had low success rates, and showed a similar lack of effect on ratings, despite improvement in scores on a test instrument. Workshop teaching formats, although traditional, are of unproven efficacy. |
### Instruction:
Does oral administration of 5-methoxypsoralen affect the distribution and metabolism of 2-aminofluorene in Sprague-Dawley rats?
### Response:
| 5-MOP increased the metabolism of AF in order to transform to ring-hydroxylated metabolites and increased excretion of the ring-hydroxylated metabolites, therefore decreasing AF and its residual metabolites in vivo. Although 5-MOP was shown to be an inhibitor of CYP 2A6 and CYP 2B1, somehow it causes an increase of activity in AF metabolism in vivo; it induces more CYPs involved in the metabolism of AF. |
### Instruction:
Are vitamin E and depressive symptoms related . The Rotterdam Study?
### Response:
| After control for several biological and behavioural factors relating to health we found no association between low vitamin E levels and depressive symptoms or depression in the elderly. |
### Instruction:
Is macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphism associated with sarcoidosis in biopsy proven erythema nodosum?
### Response:
| This is the first attempt to assess the influence of MIF genetic polymorphism at position -173 in the development of sarcoidosis. The MIF 173 C allele is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing sarcoidosis in patients with EN. |
### Instruction:
Does infusion of epinephrine decrease serum levels of cortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Serum cortisol and 17OHP (cortisol precursor) were lower in patients with RA compared to controls despite similar ACTH levels. Simulation of an adrenomedullary stress response by epinephrine infusion decreased serum cortisol and 17OHP in patients but not in controls. Such a response may play an unfavorable role during a typical stress reaction in patients with RA that may lead to a more proinflammatory situation. |
### Instruction:
Does repeated cocaine decrease the avoidance response to a novel aversive stimulus in rats?
### Response:
| These studies demonstrate that gonadal hormones may mediate cocaine-induced alterations in approach/avoidance to an aversive stimulus in males, and suggest that testosterone may act centrally to modulate dopamine responsiveness in the nucleus accumbens. |
### Instruction:
Is seizure suppression by adenosine-releasing cells independent of seizure frequency?
### Response:
| This study demonstrated that the frequency of test stimulations did not influence the seizure-suppressive potential of adenosine-releasing grafts. Thus the local delivery of adenosine is likely to be effective in seizure control over a threefold range of seizure-discharge frequency. |
### Instruction:
Do brain natriuretic peptide levels predict functional capacity in patients with chronic heart failure?
### Response:
| Brain natriuretic peptide is clearly associated with exercise capacity in chronic HF. Brain natriuretic peptide levels show a significant correlation with the impairment of VO(2) at peak exercise and anaerobic threshold. Brain natriuretic peptide is able to differentiate between chronic HF patients with moderately and severely impaired exercise capacity. |
### Instruction:
Do efficiency of the 0.04 taper ProFile during the re-treatment of gutta-percha-filled root canals?
### Response:
| ProFile instruments with 0.04 taper were inadequate in completely removing the filling materials from the root canal system. However, the ideal working length was achieved rapidly. |
### Instruction:
Is cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA up-regulated in cirrhotic or chronic hepatitis liver adjacent to hepatocellular carcinoma?
### Response:
| Cyclooxygenase-2 is expressed at higher levels in the adjacent liver than in HCC, and it may be associated with high levels of necroinflammation and regeneration in the background liver. Conversely, COX-2 may have a lesser role in the progression of HCC. |
### Instruction:
Does blood sugar control reverse the increase in urinary excretion of prostaglandin D synthase in diabetic patients?
### Response:
| Inadequate glycemic control is responsible for urinary L-PGDS excretion in the diabetic patients. Urinary L-PGDS is useful to predict subclinical renal injury associated with type-2 diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Do men with nonobstructive azoospermia have Leydig cell hypertrophy but not hyperplasia?
### Response:
| These results suggest that men with nonobstructive azoospermia and those with normal spermatogenesis have an equivalent number of Leydig cells. However, the Leydig cells are hypertrophic and occupy a larger proportion of total testis volume in men with nonobstructive azoospermia. Therefore, patients with spermatogenic failure show Leydig cell hypertrophy but not hyperplasia. |
### Instruction:
Is adipocytic proportion of bone marrow inversely related to bone formation in osteoporosis?
### Response:
| Cancellous apposition rate, osteoid volume, and age were associated with the increase in the proportion of adipose tissue present in OP bone. Of these, cancellous apposition rate reflects osteoblast activity, indicating that the increase in the volume of adipose tissue in osteoporosis is associated with reduced bone formation, supporting the postulated switch in differentiation of stromal cells from the osteoblastic to the adipocytic pathway in osteoporosis. |
### Instruction:
Does impaired system A amino acid transport mimic the catabolic effects of acid in L6 cells?
### Response:
| The similarity of changes in response to MeAIB and acid implies that these share a common intracellular signalling pathway triggered by inhibition of System A. Even though System A is only a minor contributor to total Gln influx in L6 cells, it is suggested that blockade of System A with acid or MeAIB induces a catabolic state by denying Gln access to a key intracellular regulatory site. |
### Instruction:
Are unsaturated iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation equally reliable in detection of HFE hemochromatosis?
### Response:
| Transferrin saturation and UIBC have equal reliability in ability to predict hemochromatosis. UIBC should be considered as an alternative to transferrin saturation in detection of hemochromatosis. |
### Instruction:
Are specific codon 13 K-ras mutations predictive of clinical outcome in colorectal cancer patients , whereas codon 12 K-ras mutations are associated with mucinous histotype?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that codon 12 K-ras mutations may have a role in the mucinous differentiation pathway, while codon 13 mutations have biological relevance in terms of colorectal cancer clinical outcome. |
### Instruction:
Are sodium channel-blocking agents of benefit to rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus?
### Response:
| Protection of hydrocephalic brains through pharmacological sodium channel blockade is probably an approach not worth pursuing. |
### Instruction:
Does knockout of A3 adenosine receptors reduce mouse intraocular pressure?
### Response:
| The reduced IOP and altered purinergic responses of IOP in A3AR knockout mice support the conclusion that A3ARs contribute to the regulation of IOP. |
### Instruction:
Is postischemic forearm skin reactive hyperemia related to cardovascular risk factors in a healthy female population?
### Response:
| This study shows that in a very low CV risk female population, a significant correlation can be observed between the weight of CV risks and the impairment of postischemic forearm SRH. Thus, skin laser Doppler flowmetry may represent a valuable, simple and non-invasive tool to assess and monitor microvascular function in future prospective observational and interventional studies. |
### Instruction:
Do immunofluorescent patterns produced by antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ( ANCA ) vary depending on neutrophil substrate and conjugate?
### Response:
| This study indicates that the variation in IIF patterns seen with ANCA positive sera tested in different laboratories does not necessarily result from errors in the interpretation of patterns and cannot be attributed solely to the use of a particular neutrophil substrate or conjugate, or to the use of substrate from one manufacturer and conjugate from another. |
### Instruction:
Does glimepiride improve both first and second phases of insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| The current study demonstrates that glimepiride improves both first and second phases of insulin secretion, but not insulin sensitivity, in individuals with type 2 diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Do low levels of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness predict development of the metabolic syndrome?
### Response:
| In particular, high-risk men engaging in currently recommended levels of physical activity were less likely to develop the metabolic syndrome than sedentary men. Cardiorespiratory fitness was also strongly protective, although possibly not independent of mediating factors. |
### Instruction:
Do women with impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy have significantly poor pregnancy outcomes?
### Response:
| The presence of IGT in pregnancy is predictive of poor pregnancy outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Do intravenous glargine and regular insulin have similar effects on endogenous glucose output and peripheral activation/deactivation kinetic profiles?
### Response:
| Activation and deactivation kinetics of EGO and peripheral glucose uptake as well as absolute disposal rate are similar between regular human insulin and insulin glargine when administered intravenously. Thus, the various biological actions of these insulin preparations when given subcutaneously are completely due to their different absorption kinetics. |
### Instruction:
Does chemical genetic blockade of transformation reveal dependence on aberrant oncogenic signaling?
### Response:
| These data suggest that mammalian cells can become dependent on aberrant oncogenic signaling; this dependency renders them incapable of returning to a normal, proliferative phenotype. |
### Instruction:
Does self-reported subjective perception of intoxication reflect family history of alcoholism when breath alcohol levels are constant?
### Response:
| A differential family history of alcoholism was reflected in self-reported subjective perceptions of intoxication when the brain's exposure to a specified concentration of alcohol was held constant (BrAC of 60 mg%). FHP subjects reported greater intoxication after alcohol and subsequently developed acute tolerance to alcohol compared with FHN subjects. |
### Instruction:
Is 4-hydroxynonenal detoxification by mitochondrial glutathione S-transferase compromised by short-term ethanol consumption in rats?
### Response:
| HNE detoxification by mitochondrial GST is compromised by short-term ethanol consumption, which may contribute to elevated mitochondrial HNE content and hence its toxicity in the ethanol-exposed liver. |
### Instruction:
Is active labour associated with increased oxidisibility of serum lipids ex vivo?
### Response:
| High levels of serum hydroperoxides and decreased resistance of serum lipids to copper-induced peroxidation ex vivo suggest labour to be associated with high oxidative stress. Whether oxidative stress is involved in initiating the labour process or is consequent awaits further studies. |
### Instruction:
Is angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene responsible for familial vesicoureteral reflux?
### Response:
| Although the AT2 gene has been reported to have a role in developmental anomalies of the kidney and ureter, our data indicate that it is not involved in the pathogenesis of primary familial vesicoureteral reflux. |
### Instruction:
Is histology of upper pole unaffected by prenatal diagnosis in duplex system ureteroceles?
### Response:
| Prenatally diagnosed ureteroceles were not associated with less severe upper pole histological lesions. We noted pathological differences when comparing specimens according to ureterocele position, but chronic inflammation and dysplasia were similar in intravesical and extravesical ureterocele cases. It appears that the histological lesions observed are not progressive or reversible. Therefore, the goals of clinical management should focus on providing adequate drainage, antibiotic prophylaxis coverage and followup of reflux rather than the preservation or enhancement of upper pole function. |
### Instruction:
Do exogenous albumin peptides influence the processing of albumin during renal passage?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that albumin fragments, which are produced by the kidney and not by extrarenal sources, are exclusively excreted in the urine. Exogenous albumin peptides were able to specifically exert a competitive effect on the renal enzyme cleavage of intact albumin. |
### Instruction:
Are the common mutations C677T and A1298C in the human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene associated with hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients?
### Response:
| Hyperhomocysteinemia, serum folate levels and both C677T and A1298C MTHFR mutations are associated with CVD in HD patients. |
### Instruction:
Is an increase in urinary nitrite/nitrate excretion associated with the hyperdynamic state after cardiovascular surgery?
### Response:
| These findings suggest, firstly, that NO production is stimulated by a surgical inflammatory response and, secondly, that the endogenous NO contributes to the increase in cardiac output that accompanies the reduced systemic vascular resistance after cardiovascular surgery. |
### Instruction:
Does exogenous surfactant reduce ventilator-induced decompartmentalization of tumor necrosis factor alpha in absence of positive end-expiratory pressure?
### Response:
| An excess of active surfactant decreases transfer of cytokines across the alveolar-capillary membrane similar to PEEP. The combination of PEEP and surfactant reduces decompartmentalization of TNF-alpha even further. |
### Instruction:
Does methylprednisolone enhance the surfactant effects on oxygenation and histology in paraquat-induced rat lung injury?
### Response:
| Intratracheal instillation of surfactant improves gas exchange, ameliorates lung inflammation and results in less lung damage in paraquat-induced rat lung injury. Surfactant with methylprednisolone pretreatment decreases inflammatory cell infiltration, but cannot further improve oxygenation and lung histology. |
### Instruction:
Does diprivan attenuate the cytotoxicity of nitric oxide in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells?
### Response:
| Diprivan effectively attenuates the cytotoxicity of excessive NO exposure in IB-3 cells at concentrations that are clinically attainable. |
### Instruction:
Does dehydroepiandrosterone regulation of prolactin gene expression in the anterior pituitary depend on galanin induction?
### Response:
| Our results shows that GAL is not involved in the estrogenic activity of DHEA on pituitary lactotrophs, and suggest that DHEA effects are exerted directly on the PRL gene or through another mechanism(s) not related to GAL. |
### Instruction:
Does cyproterone acetate-ethinyl estradiol treatment alter urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion in hyperandrogenic women?
### Response:
| These results indicate that hyperandrogenic women with LOCAH have increased melatonin production. The normalization of aMT6s and testosterone values during cyproterone acetate-ethinyl estradiol treatment, suggest that sex steroids either directly or through the suppression of gonadotropin, modulate melatonin secretion in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Is the International Prognostic Factors Project score for advanced Hodgkin 's disease useful for predicting outcome of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?
### Response:
| The prognostic score for advanced disease is also useful for relapsed and refractory Hodgkin's disease patients undergoing high-dose therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Are task and postural factors related to back pain in helicopter pilots?
### Response:
| Much of the back pain experienced by helicopter pilots appears to be due to the posture needed to operate the cyclic and collective controls. In instrument flying, it is suggested that the visual demands of scanning the displays may exacerbate the pain by causing the pilot to lean further forward. |
### Instruction:
Are patients in the intensive care unit exposed to amoeba-associated pathogens?
### Response:
| These preliminary results support the hypothesis that ICU patients are exposed to amoeba-associated alpha Proteobacteria. |
### Instruction:
Is preterm premature rupture of the membranes associated with a reduction in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
### Response:
| In the clinical setting of delivery before 34 weeks of gestation, preterm premature rupture of the membranes is associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Do age and resting follicle number predict response to gonadotropin stimulation in in vitro fertilization cycles?
### Response:
| Age and resting follicle number can be used as additional parameters to support patient counseling before in vitro fertilization stimulation. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) accelerate maturation of prefabricated flap ]?
### Response:
| These results suggest VEGF can accelerate maturation of prefabricated flaps. |
### Instruction:
Do [ The experimental study on antisense TGF-beta 1 in inhibiting scar formation in III degree burn wound ]?
### Response:
| Antisense TGF-beta 1 could prevent the scar formation during wound healing. |
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