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### Instruction:
Does conservative antibiotic policy in patients undergoing non-trauma cranial surgery result in higher rates of postoperative meningitis : an audit of nine years of narrow-spectrum prophylaxis?
### Response:
| In non-trauma neurosurgical patients undergoing elective cranial procedures, a conservative prophylactic antibiotic policy is effective in achieving low rates of bacterial meningitis with low rates of MDR infections. Therefore, our results make a compelling case for a conservative prophylactic antibiotic policy. |
### Instruction:
Does gender determine the actions of adiponectin multimers on fetal growth and adiposity?
### Response:
| Adiponectin seems to determine fetal growth and adipose tissue accretion, and low molecular weight is more specifically implicated in males, whereas the HMW isoform may be more important in females. |
### Instruction:
Does the ERLIN1-CHUK-CWF19L1 gene cluster influence liver fat deposition and hepatic inflammation in the NHLBI Family Heart Study?
### Response:
| CMA approach enhanced the ability to identify novel variants of the ERLIN1-CHUK-CWF19L1 influencing both simple steatosis and hepatic steatosis with inflammation, which suggest that this gene cluster may regulate the susceptibility of NAFLD in a wide spectrum of disease. |
### Instruction:
Does adenosine A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline reduce daily OFF time in Parkinson 's disease?
### Response:
| Istradefylline reduced daily OFF time and was well tolerated in Japanese PD patients with motor complications on levodopa treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is postexercise phosphocreatine recovery , an index of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation , reduced in diabetic patients with lower extremity complications?
### Response:
| Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is impaired only in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with neuropathy whether or not peripheral arterial disease is present and is associated with the increased proinflammatory state observed in these groups. |
### Instruction:
Are type II endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm always a benign condition?
### Response:
| Not all T2Es are benign. Recurrent as well as persistent T2Es are prone to life-threatening complications. |
### Instruction:
Is methotrexate an alternative to azathioprine in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with aquaporin-4 antibodies?
### Response:
| Methotrexate is a commonly prescribed drug in general practice and when used in NMO it reduces relapse frequency, stabilises disability and is well tolerated, even in patients who have failed one or more other treatments. We would therefore recommend methotrexate as a treatment option in NMO patients who do not tolerate first-line therapy, experience ongoing relapses or in situations where financial constraints limit the available treatment options. |
### Instruction:
Does endothelial heparanase regulate heart metabolism by stimulating lipoprotein lipase secretion from cardiomyocytes?
### Response:
| Endothelial heparanase is a participant in facilitating LPL increase at the coronary lumen. These observations provide an insight into the cross-talk between ECs and cardiomyocytes to regulate cardiac metabolism after diabetes mellitus. |
### Instruction:
Does a small molecule inhibitor to plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 inhibit macrophage migration?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that a small molecule PAI-1 inhibitor represents a novel class of anti-inflammatory agents targeting Mϕ migration by the inhibition of the interaction of PAI-1 with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. |
### Instruction:
Is endothelial β4 integrin predominantly expressed in arterioles , where it promotes vascular remodeling in the hypoxic brain?
### Response:
| These results define high levels of β4 integrin in arteriolar endothelial cells and demonstrate a novel link among β4 integrin, transforming growth factor-β signaling, and arteriolar remodeling in cerebral vessels. |
### Instruction:
Is the expression status of G protein-coupled receptor GPR30 associated with the clinical characteristics of endometriosis?
### Response:
| High levels of GPR30 expression can play an important role in the progression of endometriosis. |
### Instruction:
Is aquaporin3 required for FGF-2-induced migration of human breast cancers?
### Response:
| AQP3 is required for FGF-2-induced cell migration in cultured human breast cancer cells. Our findings also suggest the importance of FGFR-PI3K and FGFR-ERK signaling in FGF-2-induced AQP3 expression. In summary, our findings suggest a novel function of AQP3 in cell migration and metastasis of breast cancers. |
### Instruction:
Does the CIN4 chromosomal instability qPCR classifier define tumor aneuploidy and stratifies outcome in grade 2 breast cancer?
### Response:
| The first clinically applicable qPCR derived measure of tumor aneuploidy from FFPE tissue, stratifies grade 2 tumors into good and poor prognosis groups. |
### Instruction:
Does percutaneous pulmonary artery denervation completely abolish experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension in vivo?
### Response:
| Balloon occlusion of the left pulmonary interlobar artery led to a significant increase of haemodynamic parameters of the pulmonary artery. The pressure responses were completely abolished by the PADN treatment at the main bifurcation area of the left pulmonary artery. |
### Instruction:
Does sTAT3 silencing inhibit glioma single cell infiltration and tumor growth?
### Response:
| Our results show compelling evidence that STAT3 is a key driver of diffuse infiltration and glioma growth and might therefore represent a promising target for an anti-invasive therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does non-invasive continuous arterial pressure monitoring with Nexfin sufficiently replace invasive measurements in critically ill patients?
### Response:
| Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring with Nexfin does not seem to be sufficiently accurate to replace intra-arterial invasive blood pressure measurements in critically ill patients. |
### Instruction:
Does increased protein intake decrease postnatal growth faltering in ELBW babies?
### Response:
| Simple, standardised nutritional guidelines can result in recommended protein intakes for ELBW babies being achieved and result in increased GV. Downward crossing of centiles between birth and discharge, common in ELBW babies, is significantly reduced for weight, length and head circumference. |
### Instruction:
Is time course of current of injury related to acute stability of active-fixation pacing leads in rabbits?
### Response:
| Time course of COI is related to acute lead stability in rabbits. One might be misled by a single assessment of COI magnitude right after lead placement, whereas persistence of COI is likely to be a useful indicator of adequate lead stability. |
### Instruction:
Is medical attendance for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with subsequent increased risk of outpatient visits and hospitalizations based on a nationwide population-based database?
### Response:
| A significantly higher number of outpatient visits and hospitalizations were observed for individuals with LUTS, compared to the control group, and the effects differed with the advancement of age. This study broadens understanding of LUTS by viewing their impact on healthcare services with multiple and overlapping systems, rather than considering them exclusively as symptoms of traditional diseases of the bladder and urethra. |
### Instruction:
Is diabetes an independent risk factor for peptic ulcer bleeding : a nationwide population-based cohort study?
### Response:
| Type II diabetic patients have significantly higher risk of PUB even after adjustments for possible confounding factors like age, sex, underlying comorbidities, and ulcerogenic medication. |
### Instruction:
Does high humidity lead to loss of infectious influenza virus from simulated coughs?
### Response:
| At low relative humidity, influenza retains maximal infectivity and inactivation of the virus at higher relative humidity occurs rapidly after coughing. Although virus carried on aerosol particles <4 µM have the potential for remaining suspended in air currents longer and traveling further distances than those on larger particles, their rapid inactivation at high humidity tempers this concern. Maintaining indoor relative humidity >40% will significantly reduce the infectivity of aerosolized virus. |
### Instruction:
Does reactive oxygen species activation of MAPK pathway result in VEGF upregulation as an undesired irradiation response?
### Response:
| Our data show that irradiation-induced ROS activate the MAPK pathway and release of VEGF. As VEGF is known to be released after cellular distress resulting in cytoprotection, the described mechanism is potentially of importance for therapy success. |
### Instruction:
Does losartan reduce oxidative stress within the rostral ventrolateral medulla of rats with renovascular hypertension?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that the beneficial effects of ANG II blockade in renovascular hypertension are partly due to preferential reduction of oxidative stress in the RVLM. |
### Instruction:
Do ginger and its pungent constituents non-competitively inhibit activation of human recombinant and native 5-HT3 receptors of enteric neurons?
### Response:
| Our findings may encourage the use of ginger extracts to alleviate nausea in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and to treat functional GI disorders. |
### Instruction:
Is the drug resistance suppression induced by curcuminoids in colon cancer SW-480 cells mediated by reactive oxygen species-induced disruption of the microRNA-27a-ZBTB10-Sp axis?
### Response:
| Colon cancer treatment with curcuminoids will enhance the therapeutic effects of drugs in patients who have developed drug resistance. |
### Instruction:
Is time to pediatric epilepsy surgery related to disease severity and nonclinical factors?
### Response:
| Shorter intervals to surgical treatment were associated with greater epilepsy severity and insurance type, consistent with existing literature. However, associations of shorter times to treatment with having a brain MRI before referral and Hispanic ethnicity were unexpected and warrant further investigation. More knowledgeable referring providers and parents with greater help-seeking capability may explain obtaining an MRI before referral. Shorter intervals to surgery among Hispanic children may relate to the same factors yielding an increased volume of Hispanic children receiving surgery at the University of California, Los Angeles since 2000. |
### Instruction:
Is worse stroke outcome in atrial fibrillation explained by more severe hypoperfusion , infarct growth , and hemorrhagic transformation?
### Response:
| Atrial fibrillation is associated with greater volumes of more severe baseline hypoperfusion, leading to higher infarct growth, more frequent severe hemorrhagic transformation and worse stroke outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Does dihydroartemisinin induce radiosensitivity in cervical cancer cells by modulating cell cycle progression?
### Response:
| Dihydroartemisinin potently abrogates G2 checkpoint control in HeLa cells. It can relieve the G2/M arrest induced by irradiation; thus, it can be used as an effective radiosensitizer, which will probably promote the entry of more irradiation-damaged cells into mitosis. |
### Instruction:
Is creatine kinase associated with failure of hypertension treatment?
### Response:
| Creatine kinase is associated with failure of antihypertensive therapy. Further investigations concerning this association might help improve treatment strategies for difficult-to-treat hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Is combined flow cytometric assessment of CD45 , HLA-DR , CD34 , and CD117 expression a useful approach for reliable quantification of blast cells in myelodysplastic syndromes?
### Response:
| Quantification of "CD34⁺ and/or CD117⁺ HLA-DR⁺" cells (from all nucleated BM cells) by MFC is an efficient method for the enumeration of blasts in MDS. However, caution should be taken with replacing morphology by MFC blast counts; its combined use may rather provide complementary information increasing the accuracy and reproducibility of BM blast cell counts in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Do ultrashort echo time for improved positive-contrast manganese-enhanced MRI of cancer?
### Response:
| UTE and SubUTE allow more sensitive and specific positive-contrast detection of Mn enhancement. This imaging capability can potentially open many new doors for Mn-enhanced MRI in vascular, cellular, and molecular imaging. |
### Instruction:
Is whole-body heat loss during exercise in the heat impaired in type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| During light-to-moderate-intensity exercise performed under conditions permitting full sweat evaporation, otherwise healthy type 1 diabetic individuals did not show impaired heat loss responses during heat exposure when compared with matched individuals without diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Does microarray expression profiling identify genes with altered expression in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis?
### Response:
| This study reports on the expression of molecules that have not been described previously in AIS. We also provide for the first time gene interaction pathways in AIS pathogenesis. These genes are involved in various bone regulatory and developmental pathways and many of them can be grouped into clusters to participate in a particular biological pathway. Further studies can be built on our findings to further elucidate the association between different biological pathways and the pathogenesis of AIS. |
### Instruction:
Is common docking domain mutation E322K of the ERK2 gene infrequent in oral squamous cell carcinomas?
### Response:
| Our result indicates that mutation in the CD domain of ERK2 is rare in OSCC patients, which suggests the role of genetic alterations in other mitogenic genes in the development of carcinoma in the rest of the patients. Nevertheless, the finding is clinically significant, as the relatively rare prevalence of the E322K mutation in OSCC suggests that ERK2, being a common end point signal in the multi-hierarchical mitogen activated signaling pathway may be explored as a viable drug target in the treatment of OSCC. |
### Instruction:
Do abiotic conditions affect floral antagonists and mutualists of Impatiens capensis ( Balsaminaceae )?
### Response:
| Abiotic effects can have consistent effects on antagonists and mutualists, and on both floral and leaf antagonists. However, tolerance to antagonisms increased in favorable conditions. Thus, the direct positive effects of favorable abiotic conditions on plants outweighed negative indirect effects via increased antagonisms, which may lead to selection to grow in high-nutrient microsites in spite of increased herbivory. |
### Instruction:
Is mass distribution of azithromycin for trachoma control associated with increased risk of azithromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in young children 6 months after treatment?
### Response:
| Mass distribution of a single dose of oral azithromycin for trachoma was associated with increased circulation of macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae carriage among young children in the 6 months following treatment. It is crucial that changes in antibiotic resistance patterns and their clinical significance in the treatment of severe pediatric infections be assessed in future MDA trials. |
### Instruction:
Does kRAS mutation predict the efficacy of neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer : a systematic review and meta-analysis?
### Response:
| Based on these data, the presence of KRAS mutation does not affect tumor down-staging or cancer specific survival following neo-adjuvant CRT and surgery for rectal cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is elevated serum thioredoxin-interacting protein in women with polycystic ovary syndrome associated with insulin resistance?
### Response:
| Serum TXNIP is elevated in women with PCOS and may be a contributing factor for IR. |
### Instruction:
Is histamine required for H₃ receptor-mediated alcohol reward inhibition , but not for alcohol consumption or stimulation?
### Response:
| These data suggest that histamine is required for the H₃ receptor-mediated inhibition of alcohol-CPP and support the hypothesis that the brain histaminergic system has an inhibitory role in alcohol reward. Increasing neuronal histamine release via H₃ receptor blockade could therefore be a novel way of treating alcohol dependence. |
### Instruction:
Does robotic-assistance enhance standard laparoscopic technique for right-sided donor nephrectomy?
### Response:
| In this study, robotic-assistance did not improve outcomes associated with LDN. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm any perceived benefit of RALDN. |
### Instruction:
Do factors affecting mesenchymal stromal cells yield from bone marrow aspiration?
### Response:
| The optimal bone marrow samples for MSC collection should be obtained earlier in the process of harvesting procedure. Bone marrow from donors <55 years was equally good as MSC sources. The autologous MSC from leukemia patients can be utilized for in-vitro MSC expansion. |
### Instruction:
Does white matter imaging help dissociate tau from TDP-43 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration?
### Response:
| These neuroimaging and neuropathological investigations provide converging evidence for greater WM burden associated with FTLD-TAU, and emphasise the role of WM neuroimaging for in vivo discrimination between FTLD-TAU and FTLD-TDP. |
### Instruction:
Does family history of alcoholism interact with alcohol to affect brain regions involved in behavioral inhibition?
### Response:
| The results are consistent with the low level of response theory (Schuckit, J Stud Alcohol 55:149-158, 1980; Quinn and Fromme, Alcohol Clin Exp Res 35:1759-1770, 2011), with FHP being less sensitive to alcohol's effects. |
### Instruction:
Do management of vascular malformations and hemangiomas of the head and neck -- an update?
### Response:
| β Blockers are the first-line modality for infantile hemangiomas, which require active treatment. Reports on pharmacotherapy of lymphatic malformations with sildenafil are subject to critical evaluation regarding drug safety. Pulsed dye laser treatment is still the 'gold standard' for capillary malformations. Surgical excision combined with intravascular embolization is treatment of choice for AVM with the knowledge that extensive AVM are still not curable. |
### Instruction:
Is titin founder mutation a common cause of myofibrillar myopathy with early respiratory failure?
### Response:
| Mutations in TTN are a cause of MFM, and titinopathy is more common than previously thought. The finding of the p.C30071R mutation in 3.9% of our study population is likely due to a British founder effect. The occurrence of novel FN3 domain variants, although still of uncertain pathogenicity, suggests that other mutations in this domain may cause MFM, and that the disease is likely to be globally distributed. We suggest that HMERF due to mutations in the TTN gene be nosologically classified as MFM-titinopathy. |
### Instruction:
Does peroxiredoxin 4 protect against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes in a nongenetic mouse model?
### Response:
| Our data for the first time show that PRDX4 may protect against NASH, T2DM, and the metabolic syndrome by ameliorating oxidative stress-induced injury. |
### Instruction:
Do impact of active patient follow-up on worst-case implant survival analysis?
### Response:
| The findings demonstrate improvement in long-term implant survival with the sequential capture of young and active patients undergoing BHR who were initially considered lost to follow-up. The results reiterate the recommendation that every effort should be made to follow all patients up after joint replacement. This will improve the accuracy of survival reporting and assist comparison between different prostheses. |
### Instruction:
Does paracetamol overdose in Victoria remain a significant health-care burden?
### Response:
| Admission to Victorian hospitals with paracetamol overdose presents an enormous and in many cases preventable health-care burden. Fortunately, there has been a gradual fall in admissions, and most cases appear relatively benign. Further reductions in overdose could be achieved with increased awareness by physicians and the general public regarding the potential for accidental overdose, and increasing funding for mental health initiatives. |
### Instruction:
Is chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps characterized by B-cell inflammation and EBV-induced protein 2 expression?
### Response:
| B cells and plasma cells are enriched in NPs, actively produce antibodies locally, and might contribute to chronic inflammation in patients with CRS. Elucidating the mechanisms that underlie this excessive local B-cell response might provide novel insights for the development of improved therapeutic strategies. |
### Instruction:
Are carboxylesterase 1 gene duplication and mRNA expression in adipose tissue linked to obesity and metabolic function?
### Response:
| CES1 mRNA in adipose tissue appears to be under strong genetic control and was associated with measures of metabolic function raising the possibility of a potential role of this enzyme in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further studies are needed to understand the potential effect of CES1 gene duplication on adipocyte and whole-body metabolic functions. |
### Instruction:
Does suppression of NF-kappaB p65 expression attenuate delayed xenograft rejection?
### Response:
| Transfection of NF-kappaB p65 siRNA in donor animals can delay the emergence of DXR. This treatment may be used as part of strategies to minimize the complex and multi-faceted rejection responses in vascularized xenografts. |
### Instruction:
Do prostate implant dosimetric outcomes and migration patterns between bio-absorbable coated and uncoated brachytherapy seeds?
### Response:
| PSI using coated seeds shows lower lung and pelvic seed migration compared with those using uncoated seeds and compares favorably to pelvic stranded seed migration reports. A higher concordance was observed with less dose variability in dosimetric parameters on Day 30 dosimetry compared with that on Day 0. Improvement in the implant quality was also observed using the RTOG criteria, suggesting reduced intraprostatic migration. |
### Instruction:
Is balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration feasible for prolonged portosystemic shunts after living donor liver transplantation?
### Response:
| B-RTO may be an effective treatment for patients after LDLT to prevent bleeding from GVx or to modulate portal vein inflow that is reduced by prolonged large portosystemic shunts. |
### Instruction:
Is sympathetic withdrawal associated with hypotension after hepatic reperfusion?
### Response:
| Low LF/HF and SBP measured before hepatic graft reperfusion were significantly correlated with subsequent PRS occurrence, suggesting that sympathovagal imbalance and depressed SBP may be key factors predisposing to reperfusion-related severe hypotension in liver transplant recipients. |
### Instruction:
Is the iron status of children and youth in a community mental health clinic lower than that of a national sample?
### Response:
| The ferritin levels of children and youth in a mental health clinic sample were significantly lower than those of the same-aged subjects in a national sample. Therefore, compromised iron status may be an additional biological risk factor for cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric problems in pediatric populations served by the community mental health clinic. |
### Instruction:
Is long-term administration of intranasal oxytocin a safe and promising therapy for early adolescent boys with autism spectrum disorders?
### Response:
| Although our results on the efficacy of long-term nasal OT therapy still remain controversial, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the safety of long-term nasal OT therapy for children with ASD. Even though our data are too preliminary to draw any definite conclusions about efficacy, they do suggest this therapy to be safe, promising, and worthy of a large-scale, double-blind placebo-controlled study. |
### Instruction:
Is phonosurgery of vocal fold polyps , cysts and nodules beneficial?
### Response:
| PS is a quick and effective treatment with uncommon and transient post-operative complications. Objective assessment of the voice pre- and post-operatively should be used consistently and applied in controlled studies evaluating the additional impact of pre- and post-operative voice therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is the validity of the schizophrenia diagnosis in the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register good?
### Response:
| According to this assessment of patient case records, the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the DPCRR has a high validity and is well-suited for research. |
### Instruction:
Is the most important reason for lack of organ donation family refusal?
### Response:
| The conversion rate tends to rise. Few people took an active standing against organ donation (10% and 2%); yet many family members refused to consent to organ donation. Consent was provided by the deceased in only 12% and 21% of the cases. The Danish organ procurement team is highly effective with a median time from brain death to recovery of organs of 5 h 45 m. |
### Instruction:
Does a new rapid quantitative test for fecal calprotectin predict endoscopic activity in ulcerative colitis?
### Response:
| FC determined by QPOCT was an accurate surrogate marker of "endoscopic remission" in UC and presented a good correlation with the FC-ELISA test. |
### Instruction:
Does selenium supplementation have no effect on serum glucose levels in men at high risk of prostate cancer?
### Response:
| These results do not support a relationship between selenium supplementation and risk of diabetes. Hence, recommendations regarding selenium supplementation based on increased risk of diabetes seem premature. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of LRP5/6-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling by Mesd attenuate hyperoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in neonatal rats?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that LRP5/6 mediates pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH in hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury, thereby suggesting a potential therapeutic target to alleviate PH in neonates with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. |
### Instruction:
Is herpes virus infection associated with vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
### Response:
| Herpesviral infections may contribute to the development of PH in IPF patients. |
### Instruction:
Is type of admission associated with outcome of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage?
### Response:
| Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage patients admitted directly to our comprehensive stroke center showed less complications compared to those transferred from general hospitals. This improvement was independent of time to treatment. Additional research in multiple centers using prospective analysis should be conducted to confirm that preferential direct transport to a comprehensive stroke center would likely yield considerable improvements in public health. |
### Instruction:
Does resection of the primary tumor improve survival in metastatic breast cancer by reducing overall tumor burden?
### Response:
| Decreasing overall tumor burden through resection of the primary breast tumor decreased MDSCs, increased CD4 and CD8 cells, and improved survival. |
### Instruction:
Is erythrocyte caspase-3 and antioxidant defense activated in red blood cells and plasma of type 2 diabetes patients at first clinical onset?
### Response:
| Increased antioxidant defense in plasma and RBCs of early type 2 diabetes patients is a potential mechanism that can overcome oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species overproduction, and occurs even in RBCs with a decreased life span. This observation could provide a possible explanation for the controversial effects of antioxidant supplementation in diabetes patients. |
### Instruction:
Does strict heart rate control attenuate prothrombotic state and platelet activity in patients with non-valvular permanent atrial fibrillation?
### Response:
| AF patients with high ventricular rate had increased indices of platelet activity and thrombotic state. Furthermore, strict rate control significantly decreased indices of thrombotic state and platelet activity in those patients. |
### Instruction:
Does hydrogen peroxide via thromboxane A2 receptors mediate myogenic response of small skeletal muscle veins in rats?
### Response:
| We propose that both myogenic response and pressure-induced release of H2O2 play important roles in regulating the vasomotor function of venules both in physiological and pathological conditions. |
### Instruction:
Does upper airway inflammation exacerbate bronchial hyperreactivity in mouse models of rhinosinusitis and allergic asthma?
### Response:
| Our results confirm that upper airway inflammation could exacerbate allergic asthma, and provide support to the concept of "one airway, one disease. |
### Instruction:
Does a LSQR-type method provide a computationally efficient automated optimal choice of regularization parameter in diffuse optical tomography?
### Response:
| The LSQR-type method was able to overcome the inherent limitation of computationally expensive nature of MRM-based automated way finding the optimal regularization parameter in diffuse optical tomographic imaging, making this method more suitable to be deployed in real-time. |
### Instruction:
Do preoperative ultrasonographic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma predict biological behavior?
### Response:
| PTCs that did not meet malignant US criteria had better prognostic indicators than PTCs that met US criteria. Therefore, US features at the time of diagnosis can serve as a useful tool for predicting biological behavior in PTC. |
### Instruction:
Do adults in all body mass index categories underestimate daily energy requirements?
### Response:
| There is a lack of basic nutrition knowledge about personal energy needs in individuals across all BMI categories regardless of age, race/ethnicity, level of education, or work/training in a health-related field. |
### Instruction:
Does liraglutide prevent high glucose level induced insulinoma cells apoptosis by targeting autophagy?
### Response:
| Apoptosis and autophagy were increased in rat INS-1 cells when treated with high level of glucose, and the viability of INS-1 cells was significantly reduced by inhibiting autophagy. Liraglutide protected INS-1 cells from high glucose level-induced apoptosis that is accompanied by a significant increase of autophagy, suggesting that liraglutide plays a role in beta cell apoptosis by targeting autophagy. Thus, autophagy may be a new target for the prevention or treatment of diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Do functional status and survival after prolonged intensive care unit stay following cardiac surgery?
### Response:
| Patients who have a prolonged ICU stay following cardiac surgery have high early and late mortalities. However, the functional status of the survivors is satisfactory after 1 year and beyond. |
### Instruction:
Does alemtuzumab improve contrast sensitivity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?
### Response:
| Alemtuzumab was associated with a greater chance of improved contrast sensitivity in patients with RRMS and may delay the worsening of visual function. Contrast sensitivity testing was sensitive to treatment effects, even within an active comparator study design. These results support the validity of low-contrast vision testing as a clinical outcome in MS trials. |
### Instruction:
Does soluble soy protein peptic hydrolysate stimulate adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that SPH stimulates adipocyte differentiation, at least in part, via the up-regulation of PPARγ expression levels. These effects of SPH might be important for the health benefit effects of soybean proteins on obesity-associated metabolic disorders. |
### Instruction:
Do diminished Th17 ( not Th1 ) responses underlie multiple sclerosis disease abrogation after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that diminished Th17 and Th1/17 responses, rather than Th1 responses, are particularly relevant to the abrogation of new relapsing disease activity observed in this cohort of patients with aggressive MS following chemoablation and HSCT. |
### Instruction:
Is the COBLL1 C allele associated with lower serum insulin levels and lower insulin resistance in overweight and obese children?
### Response:
| The present study shows for the first time, the association between COBLL1 rs7607980 C allele, lower serum insulin levels and lower insulin resistance in overweight and obese children. |
### Instruction:
Does cHD1L be a Marker for Poor Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Surgical Resection?
### Response:
| CHD1L expression might be a prognostic marker of shorter disease-free survival in HCC patients after surgical resection. |
### Instruction:
Do motor and gait improvement in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury induced by high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation?
### Response:
| High-frequency rTMS over the leg motor area can improve LEMS, spasticity, and gait in patients with motor incomplete SCI. |
### Instruction:
Does anodal tDCS applied during strength training enhance motor cortical plasticity?
### Response:
| The application of a-tDCS in combination with strength training of the wrist extensors in a healthy population did not provide additional benefit for voluntary dynamic strength gains when compared with standard strength training. However, strength training with a-tDCS appears to differentially modulate cortical plasticity via increases in corticospinal excitability and decreases in SICI, which did not occur following strength training alone. |
### Instruction:
Does intervention in overweight children improve body mass index ( BMI ) and physical activity?
### Response:
| The innovative approach used in this study demonstrated modest efficacy in reducing BMI z score, changing physical activity levels, and possibly shifting family dynamics. |
### Instruction:
Do cYP19 gene variants affect the assisted reproduction outcome of women with polycystic ovary syndrome?
### Response:
| Potential associations of the CYP19(TTTA)7 allele with ovarian response to standard gonadotrophin stimulation and with assisted reproduction outcome were found in PCOS women, probably due to androgen/estrogen ratio alterations. |
### Instruction:
Is neighbourhood and consumer food environment associated with dietary intake among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ( SNAP ) participants in Fayette County , Kentucky?
### Response:
| Taken together, both the neighbourhood food environment and the consumer food environment are associated with a healthy dietary intake among SNAP participants. |
### Instruction:
Does lactobacillus paracasei BEJ01 prevent immunotoxic effects during chronic zearalenone exposure in Balb/c mice?
### Response:
| From these data, we conclude that LP bacteria could be beneficial in human and animals for protection against immunotoxicity from ZEN at high levels and during chronic exposures. |
### Instruction:
Is elementary school participation in the United States Department of Agriculture 's Team Nutrition program associated with more healthful school lunches?
### Response:
| The TN program has the potential to help schools offer healthier school meals. |
### Instruction:
Is anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy associated with infections after abdominal surgery in Crohn 's disease patients?
### Response:
| In a tertiary referral center, use of anti-TNF therapy in CD patients ≤8 weeks before intestinal resection or any intra-abdominal surgery was independently associated with increases in infectious and surgical complications. |
### Instruction:
Do proprioceptive changes impair balance control in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
### Response:
| Individuals with COPD, especially those with inspiratory muscle weakness, increased their reliance on ankle muscle proprioceptive signals and decreased their reliance on back muscle proprioceptive signals during balance control, resulting in a decreased postural stability compared to healthy controls. These proprioceptive changes may be due to an impaired postural contribution of the inspiratory muscles to trunk stability. Further research is required to determine whether interventions such as proprioceptive training and inspiratory muscle training improve postural balance and reduce the fall risk in individuals with COPD. |
### Instruction:
Does quantitative sensory testing predict pregabalin efficacy in painful chronic pancreatitis?
### Response:
| The present study provides first evidence that quantitative sensory testing predicts the analgesic effect of pregabalin in patients with painful chronic pancreatitis. The method can be used to tailor pain medication based on patient's individual sensory profile and thus comprises a significant step towards personalized pain medicine. |
### Instruction:
Do coronary artery calcification and ECG pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy or strain identify different healthy individuals at risk?
### Response:
| There appears to be no relationship between CAC and ECG-suspected LVH and/or strain. We propose that these markers identify different individuals at risk and together may have additive prognostic value. |
### Instruction:
Does gRP78 overproduction in pancreatic beta cells protect against high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice?
### Response:
| These data show that increased chaperone capacity in beta cells provides protection against the pathogenesis of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes by maintaining pancreatic beta cell function, which ultimately improves whole-body glucose homeostasis. |
### Instruction:
Does pharmacological inhibition of Eph receptors enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from mouse and human pancreatic islets?
### Response:
| We showed for the first time that Eph RTKs represent targets for small molecules to selectively increase GSIS and improve glucose tolerance. |
### Instruction:
Does tumor volume successively reflect the state of disease progression in endometrial cancer?
### Response:
| Tumor volume successively reflects the state of disease progression in endometrial cancer. The volume index can give information on both the staged prognosis and surgical management. |
### Instruction:
Is low literacy associated with increased risk of hospitalization and death among individuals with heart failure?
### Response:
| Low literacy increased the risk of hospitalization for ambulatory patients with heart failure. Interventions designed to mitigate literacy-related disparities in outcomes are warranted. |
### Instruction:
Do immunological biomarkers improve the accuracy of clinical risk models of infection in the acute phase of ischemic stroke?
### Response:
| This study shows that bloodstream biomarkers are useful to improve the accuracy of clinical prognostic models for infection in the acute phase of stroke. The clinical predictors of infection in the acute phase of stroke are relatively well established in the medical literature, but further research to identify the optimal combination of biomarkers (possibly inflammatory and stress markers) to be included in a clinically useful model is needed. Such a model could be subsequently used in clinical trials to assess the effect of prophylactic and/or early antibiotic therapy in this setting, a currently controversial issue in this field. |
### Instruction:
Do smooth muscle cells of human intracranial aneurysms assume phenotypic features similar to those of the atherosclerotic plaque?
### Response:
| In sIAs, media SMCs acquire a dedifferentiated phenotype and show de novo expression of S100A4, characteristic features of atherosclerotic plaque SMCs. |
### Instruction:
Is subclinical hyperthyroidism a risk factor for poor functional outcome after ischemic stroke?
### Response:
| Subclinical hyperthyroidism is a risk factor for poor outcome 3 months after ischemic stroke. |
### Instruction:
Are strictly lobar microbleeds associated with executive impairment in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack?
### Response:
| Strictly lobar CMBs are independently associated with executive dysfunction in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Our findings suggest that a microangiopathy related to strictly lobar CMBs (eg, cerebral amyloid angiopathy) contributes to cognitive impairment in this population. |
### Instruction:
Does decrease of autophagy activity promote malignant progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| Taken together, these data suggest that autophagy plays a pivotal role in the progression of TSCC. |
### Instruction:
Is anaemia on admission associated with more severe intracerebral haemorrhage and worse outcomes?
### Response:
| Anaemia on admission is associated with greater intracerebral haemorrhage severity and worse outcomes. The utility of transfusion remains unclear in this setting. |
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