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### Instruction:
Does dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor attenuate hepatic fibrosis via suppression of activated hepatic stellate cell in rats?
### Response:
| DPP4-I markedly inhibits liver fibrosis development in rats via suppression of HSCs proliferation and collagen synthesis. These suppressive effects are associated with dephosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and Smad2/3 in the HSCs. Since DPP4-I is widely used in clinical practice, this drug may represent a potential new therapeutic strategy against liver fibrosis in the near future. |
### Instruction:
Does noradrenaline induce binding of Clathrin light chain A to α1-adrenoceptors in the human prostate?
### Response:
| The prostatic α1-adrenoceptor population is at least partially bound to clathrin HC and LCB. Upon receptor activation, prostate α1A-adrenoceptors bind clathrin LCA. This points to a new concept of post-translational α1-adrenoceptor regulation in the prostate, which includes receptor interaction with accessory binding partners. |
### Instruction:
Does metabolic profiling predict response to anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| The clear relationship between urine metabolic profiles of RA patients at baseline and their response to anti-TNF therapy may allow development of novel approaches to the optimization of therapy. Differences in metabolic profiles during treatment with infliximab and etanercept in RA and PsA may reflect distinct mechanisms of action. |
### Instruction:
Does unique vaginal microbiota that include an unknown Mycoplasma-like organism is associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection?
### Response:
| T. vaginalis may alter the vaginal microbiota in a manner that is favorable to its survival and/or transmissibility. An unknown Mycoplasma species plays a role in some of these transformations. In other cases, these changes may result in a heightened host inflammatory response. |
### Instruction:
Does therapeutic vaccination expands and improve the function of the HIV-specific memory T-cell repertoire?
### Response:
| Vaccination of individuals with existing HIV-specific immunity improved the magnitude, breadth, and polyfunctionality of HIV-specific memory T-cell responses but did not impact markers of viral control. |
### Instruction:
Does ephedrine show synergistic motor blockade when combined with bupivacaine or lidocaine for spinal anesthesia in a rat model?
### Response:
| Ephedrine combined with either bupivacaine or lidocaine acted synergistically to block motor function and has the potential to reduce the amount of local anesthetic needed for spinal block. The synergistic effect of ephedrine in combination with local anesthetics is an interesting pharmacological phenomenon that warrants further clinical evaluation. |
### Instruction:
Does proteasome inhibition protect human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from radiation-induced oxidative stress?
### Response:
| All three proteasome inhibitors showed antioxidant effects in PBMC and up-regulated the antioxidant enzymes MnSOD, catalase and GST-π and the stress protein Hsp70, modifying the early radiation response, and conferring protection against the effects of ionizing radiation. |
### Instruction:
Does cinacalcet improve endothelial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy in patients on hemodialysis with secondary hyperparathyroidism?
### Response:
| Cinacalcet hydrochloride without vitamin D might ameliorate endothelial dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, and cardiac hypertrophy by decreasing oxidative stress and increasing the serum nitric oxide production in hemodialysis patients with SHPT. |
### Instruction:
Does reliable individualized monitoring improve cholesterol control in kidney transplant recipients?
### Response:
| Using quality improvement and health information technology, we achieved sustained, reliable and efficient personalized monitoring of cholesterol and 11 other tests. This approach enabled substantial improvement in LDL cholesterol control. Structured methods of system redesign that leverage information technology systems hold promise for rapidly achieving reliable individualized care in other settings. |
### Instruction:
Do simulated surgical workshops enhance medical school students ' preparation for clinical rotation?
### Response:
| The findings of the medical student survey demonstrated the value of incorporating dedicated preparatory surgical workshops in the medical school pre-clinical curriculum. However, further research is warranted to determine if this inclusion translated into improved student performance during the clinical surgical rotation. |
### Instruction:
Do serum uric acid levels correlate with recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation?
### Response:
| In a retrospective study of patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing catheter ablation, elevated preoperative SUA levels were associated with a higher rate of recurrence of AF. |
### Instruction:
Do reporting accuracy of packed lunch consumption among Danish 11-year-olds differ by gender?
### Response:
| Dietary recall validation studies should not only consider match rates as an account of accuracy. Intrusions contribute to over-reporting in non-validation studies, and future studies should address recall accuracy and inaccuracies in relation to gender and recall method. |
### Instruction:
Is nT-proBNP associated with SYNTAX score and aortic distensibility in patients with stable CAD?
### Response:
| NT-proBNP was independently associated with an impaired elastic property of the aorta and with the extent and complexity of CAD as well as with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Is lactulose highly potential in prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding : results of a controlled randomized trial?
### Response:
| Lactulose is an effective prophylaxis agent of HE for cirrhotic patients who had developed UGB. |
### Instruction:
Is myocardial perfusion imaging ( MPI ) superior to the demonstration of distal collaterals in predicting cardiac events in chronic total occlusion ( CTO )?
### Response:
| MPI in patients with CTO accurately predicted HCE. This allows for accurate triage of patients by MPI for consideration of revascularization. Patients without ischemia can be safely managed with optimal medical therapy. The presence of collateralization did not predict either ischemia or HCE. |
### Instruction:
Is short-interval intracortical inhibition affected by varying visual feedback in an isometric task in biceps brachii muscle?
### Response:
| SICI was not altered by performing the same task with differing visual feedback. However, SICI decreased with increasing submaximal torque providing further evidence that SICI is one mechanism of modulating cortical excitability and plays a role in force gradation. |
### Instruction:
Is physical activity inversely associated with multimorbidity in elderly men : results from the KORA-Age Augsburg Study?
### Response:
| We demonstrated an inverse association between physical activity and multimorbidity among men. Further prospective studies have to confirm the temporality of effects. |
### Instruction:
Do the impact of alcohol and energy drink consumption on intoxication and risk-taking behavior?
### Response:
| The interactive effect of AmED appears restricted to perceived stimulation, with alcohol-induced increases in subjective intoxication occurring regardless of presence or absence of ED. Engagement in risk-taking behavior was only increased by ED consumption; however, this effect was only of small magnitude; at these doses, alcohol consumption, with or without EDs, did not affect risk-taking. Further research assessing the dose-dependent effects of AmED on objectively measured risk-taking behavior could clarify whether the ED effect increases with higher doses and whether an interactive effect is observed with higher alcohol doses. |
### Instruction:
Is mood reactivity rather than cognitive reactivity predictive of depressive relapse : a randomized study with 5.5-year follow-up?
### Response:
| Our findings highlight a need to focus on mood reactivity instead of beliefs as a risk factor for relapse in depression. Similar to a previous study, we found no indications that cognitive therapy after remission reduced dysfunctional beliefs, cognitive reactivity, or extremity. Future studies should examine cognitive reactivity and mood reactivity in daily life as predictors of relapse. |
### Instruction:
Is postoperative-stimulated serum thyroglobulin measured at the time of 131I ablation useful for the prediction of disease status in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma?
### Response:
| Postoperative-stimulated Tg at the time of (131)I remnant ablation is a useful biochemical marker for the prediction of disease status in patients with DTC. When high-dose (131)I remnant ablation is performed after total thyroidectomy, the stimulated Tg measurement and DxWBS that are usually performed 6-12 months after (131)I ablation therapy may be skipped, at least in low- and intermediate-risk patients with postoperative stimulated Tg of < 2 ng/mL and negative neck US findings. |
### Instruction:
Do quantitative measures confirm the inverse relationship between lesion spiculation and detection of breast masses?
### Response:
| The results of this study have identified specific lesion characteristics associated with shape that may contribute to reduced cancer detection. Mammographic sensitivity may be adversely affected without appropriate attention to spiculation. |
### Instruction:
Does miR-30a suppress cell migration and invasion through downregulation of PIK3CD in colorectal carcinoma?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate that miR-30a might function as a metastasis suppressor in CRC. miR-30a may be a potential therapeutic target to block CRC metastasis. |
### Instruction:
Is neurodegeneration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats attenuated by treatment with resveratrol?
### Response:
| These observations suggest that Rsv significantly attenuated neurodegeneration and astrocytic activation in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Our results suggested that Rsv could potentially be a new therapeutic agent for diabetic encephalopathy and neurodegeneration. |
### Instruction:
Are low-avidity anticitrullinated protein antibodies ( ACPA ) associated with a higher rate of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Patients with low-avidity ACPA display a higher rate of joint destruction. Low-avidity ACPA display a higher potency to interact with more citrullinated antigens in time and show that low-avidity ACPA are more potent in complement activation. These data indicate that (low) avidity impacts on the biological activity of ACPA and associates with a worse radiological outcome. |
### Instruction:
Is coronary artery and thoracic aorta calcification inversely related to coronary flow reserve as measured by ⁸²Rb PET/CT in intermediate risk patients?
### Response:
| Combination of MPI, CFR, CAC, and TAC has complementary roles in intermediate risk patients. |
### Instruction:
Is perioperative mortality and morbidity prediction using POSSUM , P-POSSUM and APACHE II in Chinese gastric cancer patients : surgical method a key independent factor affecting prognosis?
### Response:
| The utility of the APACHE II score in gastric cancer patients is limited. APACHE II is suitable for considering group versus individual effect. The POSSUM score is useful in general surgery, but needs improvement. We found the P-POSSUM score to be superior for morbidity and mortality prediction. P-POSSUM is useful for both the general population and for a specific cohort. The type of surgery is a key decision point for surgeons, and independently affects prognosis. Based upon these findings and clinical scoring systems, clinicians can develop individualized treatment algorithms. |
### Instruction:
Is mHC-driven HIV-1 control on the long run systematically determined at early times post-HIV-1 infection?
### Response:
| Our study highlighted independent effects of HLA-B and HLA-C alleles on HIV-disease progression. Furthermore, some alleles appeared to be specifically associated with either long-term control or early virological parameters, suggesting different immunological mechanisms according to the disease stages. |
### Instruction:
Does onabotulinumtoxinA improve tactile and mechanical pain perception in painful diabetic polyneuropathy?
### Response:
| BoNT/A may improve tactile and mechanical pain perception in painful diabetic polyneuropathy. The beneficial effects of BoNT/A deserves further study to elucidate the exact mechanism and potential for preventing insensate injuries. |
### Instruction:
Is the RHOX homeobox gene cluster selectively expressed in human oocytes and male germ cells?
### Response:
| The RHOX homeobox genes and proteins are selectively expressed in germ cells in both the ovary and testis. |
### Instruction:
Does completion of the human papillomavirus vaccination series lag in Somali adolescents?
### Response:
| We found Somali girls to be generally accepting of initiating the HPV vaccine series but less likely to complete the series as compared with white non-Hispanic girls of the same age. |
### Instruction:
Are serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 and epidermal growth factor receptor expressed in pancreatic tubular adenocarcinoma , intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm , and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia?
### Response:
| These results indicate that SPINK1 plays a role as a growth factor, signaling through the EGFR pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and neoplasms, and that the EGFR is involved in the malignant transformation of IPMN. |
### Instruction:
Is severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair?
### Response:
| Patients with O2-dependent COPD undergoing AAA repair suffer increased pulmonary complications, overall MAE, and diminished long-term survival. This must be carefully factored into the risk-benefit analysis before recommending elective AAA repair in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Is corticotropin releasing hormone correlated with tumorigenesis of gastric cancer?
### Response:
| CRH may be involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does breathing exercise using a new breathing device increase airway secretion clearance in mechanically ventilated patients?
### Response:
| Breathing exercise with a device that includes vibration and humidification of inspired air is effective for increasing secretion clearance with patients dependent on mechanical ventilation and was without any adverse effects. |
### Instruction:
Is monounsaturated fatty acid aerobic synthesis in Bradyrhizobium TAL1000 peanut-nodulating affected by temperature?
### Response:
| In B. TAL1000, the anaerobic MUFA biosynthetic pathway is supplemented by an aerobic mechanism mediated by desaturase and is down-regulated by temperature to maintain membrane fluidity under stressful conditions. |
### Instruction:
Does metformin inhibit the growth of human pancreatic cancer xenografts?
### Response:
| The studies presented here provide further evidence indicating that metformin offers a potential novel approach for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma prevention and therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does uridine triphosphate increase proliferation of human cancerous pancreatic duct epithelial cells by activating P2Y2 receptor?
### Response:
| Uridine triphosphate increases proliferation of human pancreatic duct epithelial cells by activation of P2Y2 receptor and PI3K/Akt pathway. This could be helpful for discovering the long-term roles of P2Y2 receptor in pancreatic cells. |
### Instruction:
Is reduction in morning blood pressure a key factor for ameliorating urinary albumin excretion in patients with morning hypertension irrespective of treatment regimen?
### Response:
| Reduction in morning SBP was a key factor in UAE reduction in patients with morning hypertension, irrespective of treatment regimen. |
### Instruction:
Does fragmentation impair the microclimate buffering effect of tropical forests?
### Response:
| Our results add further information about the extent of edge effects in the Atlantic Forest, and we suggest that maintaining a low perimeter-to-area ratio may be a judicious method for minimizing the amount of forest area that experiences altered microclimatic conditions in this ecosystem. |
### Instruction:
Is mind-to-paper an effective method for scientific writing?
### Response:
| Mind-to-paper dictation for scientific writing is an effective method for production of scientific papers of good initial quality, even when used for the first time by inexperienced scientists. We conclude that practicing this concept produces papers of an adequate language complexity, and that dictation as a writing tool allows for fast transfer of ideas and thoughts to written text. |
### Instruction:
Is every seventh acute medical admission preventable?
### Response:
| Our study shows that 14% of acute admissions could have been prevented. We found no evidence that preadmitting examination is important to prevent inappropriate admission. Several admissions could have been handled appropriately by a diagnostic unit or through sub-acute referral to an outpatient clinic the following day. The AEP is a useful screening instrument, but insufficient for the evaluation of the handling of acute medical patients. |
### Instruction:
Are vitamin D plasma levels during summer in a psychiatric population comparable to the winter levels of healthy individuals?
### Response:
| It should be possible from the patient history, i.e. geographical or lifestyle issues, to identify patients at risk of 25-OHD deficiency or insufficiency, and only perform the 25-OHD test on these patients. A vitamin D supplement may be considered for all high-risk patients even without knowing their exact 25-OHD values. This would allow such patients to be treated as recommended (the Danish Health and Medicines Authority). The recommended treatment for "patients who do not get out and who avoid the sun" is a daily 10 μg vitamin D supplement. Some of the patients may preferably be treated as "nursing home residents" and thus be given a 20 μg vitamin D supplement and 800-1,000 mg calcium daily. |
### Instruction:
Do influenza and RSV make a modest contribution to invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in the UK?
### Response:
| A small but potentially important percentage of IPD may be attributable to influenza and RSV when adjusted for seasonality by temperature. Jointly these viral infections may lead to over 10% of IPD cases. Therefore, prevention of viral respiratory infections may offer some additional benefit in reducing invasive pneumococcal infections. |
### Instruction:
Is deterioration of cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction prevented by transplantation of modified endothelial progenitor cells overexpressing endothelial NO synthases?
### Response:
| EPCs can be an attractive vehicle for the exogenous eNOS expression into heart after infarction, which is beneficial to prevent deterioration and promote restoration of cardiac function after AMI by improving angiogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does adolescent pain catastrophizing mediate the relationship between protective parental responses to pain and disability over time?
### Response:
| Parental protectiveness is associated with disability indirectly through pain catastrophizing at the initial visit and follow-up. Decreases in parent protectiveness, potentially initiated through the initial evaluation, were related to lower levels of disability at follow-up through pain catastrophizing. |
### Instruction:
Is total blood volume of Asian patients undergoing cardiac surgery far from that predicted by conventional methods?
### Response:
| Total blood volume of Asian patients calculated by the authors differs markedly from that estimated by Nadler and classic reference book formulas, which suggests that more accurate calculation of TBV is needed for Asian cardiac patients requiring CPB, especially patients with valvular disease. |
### Instruction:
Are thymidylate synthase and folyl-polyglutamate synthase clinically useful markers of response to pemetrexed in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma?
### Response:
| Although previous retrospective data suggest that TS and FPGS expression might be potential markers of Pem efficacy in MPM, our data indicate these markers lack sufficient predictive value in individual patients and should not be used to guide therapeutic decisions in the absence of prospective studies. |
### Instruction:
Does hyperinsulinaemia increase vascular resistance and endothelin-1 expression in the equine digit?
### Response:
| Short-term hyperinsulinaemia leads to increased vascular resistance in the equine digit and increased expression of ET-1 in the laminar tissue. |
### Instruction:
Does high-dose chlorogenic acid induce inflammation reactions and oxidative stress injury in rats without implication of mast cell degranulation?
### Response:
| High-dose, but not Low-dose CA induced inflammation reaction, and in this process an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant mechanism may be involved, providing more information for better understanding the rationale behind the adverse effects of CA. |
### Instruction:
Does intravenous administration of achyranthes bidentata polypeptides support recovery from experimental ischemic stroke in vivo?
### Response:
| ABPP could improve the recovery of sensory, motor and coordination, and cognitive function in MCAO-induced ischemic rats. And this recovery had a good correlation to the less of neuronal injury in brain. |
### Instruction:
Is adherence to the WCRF/AICR guidelines for cancer prevention associated with lower mortality among older female cancer survivors?
### Response:
| Adherence to the WCRF/AICR guidelines was associated with lower all-cause mortality among older female cancer survivors. Adherence to the physical activity recommendation had the strongest association with lower all-cause and disease-specific mortality. |
### Instruction:
Is long duration of hyperglycemia in the first 96 hours of life associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants?
### Response:
| Longer duration of hyperglycemia in the first 96 hours of life was most strongly associated with severe IVH in preterm infants. Consequently, interventional studies to determine the selective effect of continuous control of long-lasting hyperglycemia by appropriate and timed insulin treatment on the incidence of severe IVH are warranted. |
### Instruction:
Is exposure to phototoxic NSAIDs and quinolones associated with an increased risk of melanoma?
### Response:
| Our study shows that the use of phototoxic drugs is associated with an increased risk of developing CM. Even a short-term use of phototoxic quinolones and propionic acid derivative NSAIDs may increase the risk for CM. Patient education to promote sun-protective behaviour is essential to avoid immediate adverse effects and possible long-term effects of phototoxic drugs. |
### Instruction:
Does point-of-care testing improve accuracy of STI care in an emergency department?
### Response:
| A POC test improves the accuracy of STI care in an ED compared with NAAT testing. An unanticipated benefit of QI efforts to improve patient follow-up is the observed decrease in antibiotic use in the ED. Given the ability of gonorrhoea to develop antibiotic resistance, future efforts should focus on development of an accurate POC test for gonorrhoea. |
### Instruction:
Does very low protein diet reduce indoxyl sulfate levels in chronic kidney disease?
### Response:
| VLPD supplemented with ketoanalogues reduced IS serum levels in CKD patients not yet on dialysis. |
### Instruction:
Do perioperative blood transfusions impact overall and disease-free survival after curative rectal cancer resection : a propensity score analysis?
### Response:
| This is the first propensity score-based analysis providing compelling evidence that worse oncological outcomes after curative rectal cancer resection in patients receiving perioperative blood transfusions are caused by the clinical circumstances requiring transfusions, not due to the blood transfusions themselves. Therefore, concerns about overall and disease-free survival should be no issue in the decision-making regarding perioperative blood transfusions in patients undergoing curative rectal cancer resection. |
### Instruction:
Is proton therapy with concomitant capecitabine for pancreatic and ampullary cancers associated with a low incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity?
### Response:
| Proton therapy may allow for significant sparing of the small bowel and stomach and is associated with a low rate of gastrointestinal toxicity. Although long-term follow-up will be needed to assess efficacy, we believe that the favorable toxicity profile associated with proton therapy may allow for radiotherapy dose escalation, chemotherapy intensification, and possibly increased acceptance of preoperative radiotherapy for patients with resectable or marginally resectable disease. |
### Instruction:
Is cCL21 associated with fatal outcomes in chronic heart failure : data from CORONA and GISSI-HF trials?
### Response:
| Circulating CCL21 was associated with all-cause and CV mortality in two large populations of contemporary patients with chronic HF. |
### Instruction:
Is capecitabine/irinotecan or capecitabine/oxaliplatin in combination with bevacizumab effective and safe as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer : a randomized phase II study of the AIO colorectal study group?
### Response:
| Both, CapOx-bevacizumab and mCapIri-bevacizumab, show promising activity and an excellent toxic effect profile. Efficacy is in the range of other bevacizumab-containing combination regimen although lower doses of irinotecan and capecitabine were selected for mCapIri. |
### Instruction:
Do social behaviors increase in children with autism in the presence of animals compared to toys?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the presence of an animal can significantly increase positive social behaviors among children with ASD. |
### Instruction:
Is olympic boxing associated with elevated levels of the neuronal protein tau in plasma?
### Response:
| Olympic boxing is associated with elevation of tau in plasma. The repetitive minimal head injury in boxing may lead to axonal injuries that can be diagnosed with a blood test. |
### Instruction:
Does interferon regulatory factor 9 protect against hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis in male mice?
### Response:
| IRF9 attenuates hepatic IR, steatosis, and inflammation through interaction with PPAR-α. |
### Instruction:
Is exenatide-induced reduction in energy intake associated with increase in hypothalamic connectivity?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrate a central hypothalamic effect of peripherally administered exenatide that occurred only in the group that showed an exenatide-dependent anorexigenic effect. These findings indicate that the hypothalamic response seems to be the crucial factor for the effect of exenatide on energy intake. |
### Instruction:
Is it never too late for a genetic disease : a case of a 79-year-old man with persistent hypokalemia?
### Response:
| This study has shown for the first time that aliskiren may represent a reliable and safe treatment as an alternative to potassium-sparing diuretics for Gitelman syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Are morphometrics and lesions of vertebral end plates associated with lumbar disc degeneration : evidence from cadaveric spines?
### Response:
| Vertebral end plate lesions were common and were associated with adjacent disc degeneration, with greater lesion size being associated with more severe disc degeneration. End plate morphometrics, particularly greater end plate size, may also play a role in the pathogenesis of disc degeneration. |
### Instruction:
Is ki-67 an independent predictor of metastasis and cause-specific mortality for prostate cancer patients treated on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group ( RTOG ) 94-08?
### Response:
| High Ki67-SI independently predicts for increased DSM, DM, and protocol BF in primarily intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients treated with RT with or without ADT on RTOG 94-08 but does not predict for local recurrence or for increased relative benefit from ADT. This and prior studies lend support for the use of Ki67-SI as a stratification factor in future trials. |
### Instruction:
Is rheumatoid arthritis in Latin Americans enriched for Amerindian ancestry associated with loci in chromosomes 1 , 12 , and 13 , and the HLA class II region?
### Response:
| Our data define, for the first time, the contribution of Amerindian ancestry to the genetic architecture of RA in an admixed Latin American population by confirming the role of the HLA region and supporting the association with a locus in chromosome 1. In addition, we provide data for novel putative loci in chromosomes 12 and 13. |
### Instruction:
Does internal mammary artery harvesting influence antibiotic penetration into presternal tissue?
### Response:
| IMA harvesting significantly impairs local antibiotic penetration during CABG. Common antibiotic dosing schemas should be reevaluated in this cardiac surgical setting. |
### Instruction:
Is hyperresistinemia associated with postmenopausal breast cancer?
### Response:
| Further prospective, longitudinal, and mechanistic studies are needed to determine whether hyperresistinemia is involved in the development of PBC or reflects changes during PBC progression and therefore could be used as a biomarker for PBC. Targeting resistin inhibition could be an effective therapeutic strategy in breast cancer by down-regulating the inflammatory microenvironment in breast tissue. |
### Instruction:
Is when Crohn 's disease in remission , more patients complete capsule endoscopy study but less lesions are identified?
### Response:
| (1) A high percentage of patients with active CD do not complete small bowel study with WCE. (2) Small bowel ulcerative lesions in clinical remission were less severe, although at least 6 months are needed in order for them to disappear. |
### Instruction:
Does oral hygiene caregivers ' educational programme improve oral health conditions in institutionalised independent and functional elderly?
### Response:
| The oral hygiene education programme for caregivers resulted in a positive impact on oral hygiene of the independent and functional elderly. |
### Instruction:
Are physical inactivity and insufficient dietary intake associated with the frequency of sarcopenia in patients with compensated viral liver cirrhosis?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that walking 5000 or more steps per day and maintaining a total energy intake of 30 kcal/IBW may serve as a reference for lifestyle guidelines for compensated cirrhotic patients. |
### Instruction:
Does bactericidal activity predict sterilizing activity : the case of rifapentine in the murine model of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease?
### Response:
| The better bactericidal activity of daily STR+RIF and especially of STR+RPT did not translate into better prevention of relapse, possibly because relapse-freecure after treatment of Buruli ulcer is more related to the reversal of mycolactone-induced local immunodeficiency by drug treatment rather than to the bactericidal potency of drugs. |
### Instruction:
Are serum but not cerebrospinal fluid levels of insulin-like growth factor-I ( IGF-I ) and IGF-binding protein-3 ( IGFBP-3 ) increased in Alzheimer 's disease?
### Response:
| Patients with AD as well as other dementias had high levels of IGF-I in serum but not in CSF. In AD patients, the IGF-I system was associated with biomarkers of AD disease status. |
### Instruction:
Does tLR4 D299G polymorphism modulate cytokine expression in ulcerative colitis?
### Response:
| Polymorphisms in TLR4 gene were significantly associated with inflammatory bowel disease in North Indian population and they contribute in modulating transcription of inflammatory cytokines during UC leading to aberrant immune response. |
### Instruction:
Do phenotypic subgroups of polycystic ovary syndrome have different intra-renal resistance symptoms?
### Response:
| In this study we demonstrated that PCOS subgroups have metabolic and endocrine disorders and cardiovascular risks of varying degrees of severity Moreover, we showed that there was no increase of metabolic and cardiovascular risks in PCOS patients without hyperandrogenism. |
### Instruction:
Does consumption of fermented milk product with probiotic modulate brain activity?
### Response:
| Four-week intake of an FMPP by healthy women affected activity of brain regions that control central processing of emotion and sensation. |
### Instruction:
Is high muscle sympathetic nerve activity associated with left ventricular dysfunction in treated hypertensive patients?
### Response:
| The presence of asymptomatic LVDD is associated with increased MSNA, independent of blood pressure control. The sympathetic hyperactivity associated with LVDD is similar in the different patterns of LVDD studied. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of miR-126 and miR-508-5p in endothelial progenitor cells associated with the prognosis of chronic heart failure patients?
### Response:
| The miRNAs miR-126 and miR-508-5p are associated with the outcome of ICM and NICM patients with CHF. These two miRNAs could be useful in the diagnosis of CHF patients, and might provide novel targets for prevention and treatment of CHF. |
### Instruction:
Is sense of coherence , rather than exercise capacity , the stronger predictor to obtain health-related quality of life in adults with congenital heart disease?
### Response:
| Adults with CHD have an enhanced SOC. SOC is moderately correlated with quality of life, and seems to be a stronger predictor of health-related life quality than exercise capacity. SOC might explain the rather good quality of life in patients with CHD despite their reduction in exercise capacity. |
### Instruction:
Are insulin resistance , serum visfatin , and adiponectin levels associated with metabolic disorders in chronic hepatitis C virus-infected patients?
### Response:
| IR, adiponectin, and visfatin were related to several metabolic markers of HCV, suggesting the characteristics of HCV-related metabolic abnormalities. |
### Instruction:
Do elevated VEGF concentrations in ascites and serum predict adverse prognosis in ovarian cancer?
### Response:
| Elevated VEGF-C concentrations in serum and ascites can be seen as the novel, widely available independent predictors of shorter overall survival in ovarian cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is the duodenal microbiota composition of adult celiac disease patients associated with the clinical manifestation of the disease?
### Response:
| The two common outcomes of celiac disease, classical GI and extraintestinal manifestations, had marked differences on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota. This association suggested that intestinal microbiota may have a role in the manifestation of the disease. |
### Instruction:
Are metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 positive allosteric modulators neuroprotective in a mouse model of Huntington 's disease?
### Response:
| mGluR5 PAMs are potential drugs that may be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases, especially HD. |
### Instruction:
Is trauma-induced secondary cardiac injury associated with hyperacute elevations in inflammatory cytokines?
### Response:
| There is an association between hyperacute elevations in inflammatory cytokines with cardiac injury and ACEs in critically injured patients. Biomarker evidence of cardiac injury and inflammation on admission is associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death. |
### Instruction:
Does zinc finger protein A20 inhibit maturation of dendritic cells resident in rat liver allograft?
### Response:
| These data suggest that A20 overexpression could effectively inhibit maturation of DCs resident in liver allograft and consequently suppress acute liver allograft rejection. |
### Instruction:
Is cortical thinning associated with disease stages and dementia in Parkinson 's disease?
### Response:
| We conclude that measuring cortical thickness can be useful in assessing disease stage and cognitive impairment in patients with PD. In addition, cortical thickness may be useful in identifying dementia in PD. |
### Instruction:
Does single session of dual-tDCS transiently improve precision grip and dexterity of the paretic hand after stroke?
### Response:
| One bout of dual-tDCS improved the motor control of precision grip and digital dexterity beyond the time of stimulation. These results suggest that dual-tDCS should be tested in longer protocols for neurorehabilitation and with moderate to severely impaired patients. The precise timing of stimulation after stroke onset and associated training should be defined. |
### Instruction:
Does four-dimensional geometric assessment of tricuspid annulus movement in early functional tricuspid regurgitation patients indicate decreased longitudinal flexibility?
### Response:
| The longitudinal flexibility of the TA in FTR patients was significantly less than that in the healthy subjects, and the tethering of the tricuspid leaflets occurred in FTR patients despite the absence of TA and RV dilation, which can be one triggering factor of early FTR. Four-dimensional geometric assessment, using cardiac MRI and the tracking program that we have developed, is capable of determining TA structure and flexibility. |
### Instruction:
Are epicardial adipose tissue volume and adipocytokine imbalance strongly linked to human coronary atherosclerosis?
### Response:
| EATV and macrophage and cytokine/adipocytokine signals in EAT strongly correlated with CAD. Our findings suggest that EATV and adipocytokine imbalance are strongly linked to human coronary atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Are both the cutaneous sensation and phosphene perception modulated in a frequency-specific manner during transcranial alternating current stimulation?
### Response:
| We believe that our results provide a relevant insight into the procedural sensations caused by oscillatory currents, and will offer a basis for developing more sophisticated stimulation protocols and study designs for future investigations. |
### Instruction:
Is rac1 required for matrix metalloproteinase 13 production by chondrocytes in response to fibronectin fragments?
### Response:
| Rac1 is required for FN fragment-induced signaling that results in increased MMP-13 production. EGF receptor ligands, which activate Rac, can promote this effect. The presence of active Rac in OA cartilage and the ability of Rac to stimulate MMP-13 production suggest that it could play a role in the cartilage matrix destruction seen in OA. |
### Instruction:
Do hepatic and systemic hemodynamic derangements predict early mortality and recovery in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure?
### Response:
| Baseline HVPG is an independent predictor of mortality in ACLF patients. The portal and systemic circulatory anomalies regress substantially by 90 days and correlate with clinical recovery. However, in the initial phase, the raised portal pressure predisposes these patients to high risk of variceal bleeding. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Spirometry a good method for detecting and monitoring chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in high-risk smokers in primary health care ]?
### Response:
| Many smokers managed to give up smoking after learning their spirometric results. FEV1 can identify smokers at greatest risk of developing COPD. Spirometric screening and monitoring of smokers at high risk in primary health care can identify those most susceptible to developing COPD while the disease is in an early phase. Therefore the most appropriate strategy can be adopted for each patient. |
### Instruction:
Is tLR4 signaling essential for survival in acute lung injury induced by virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa secreting type III secretory toxins?
### Response:
| The cytotoxic phenotype of P. aeruginosa is the critical factor causing acute lung injury and sepsis in infected hosts. When the P. aeruginosa is a cytotoxic strain, the TLR4 signaling system is essential to clear the bacteria to prevent lethal lung injury and bacteremia. |
### Instruction:
Is low magnitude mechanical loading osteogenic in children with disabling conditions?
### Response:
| Compliance was 44% (4.4 minutes per day), as determined by mean time on treatment (567.9 minutes) compared with expected time on treatment over the 6 months (1300 minutes). After 6 months, the mean change in proximal tibial vTBMD in children who stood on active devices was 6.27 mg/ml (+6.3%); in children who stood on placebo devices, vTBMD decreased by -9.45 mg/ml (-11.9%). Thus, the net benefit of treatment was +15.72 mg/ml (17.7%; p = 0.0033). In the spine, the net benefit of treatment, compared with placebo, was +6.72 mg/ml, (p = 0.14). Diaphyseal bone and muscle parameters did not show a response to treatment. The results of this pilot RCT have shown for the first time that low-magnitude, high-frequency mechanical stimuli are anabolic to trabecular bone in children, possibly by providing a surrogate for suppressed muscular activity in the disabled. Over the course of a longer treatment period, harnessing bone's sensitivity to these stimuli may provide a non-pharmacological treatment for bone fragility in children. |
### Instruction:
Does lymph node removal enhance corneal graft survival in mice at high risk of rejection?
### Response:
| The results suggest that removal of the SM LN in "high-risk" mice prevents rejection by mechanisms involving immune "ignorance", since prior allosensitization prevents graft acceptance after LN removal. In allosensitized recipients the stronger the allosensitization (skin- vs. corneal graft-presensitization) the greater the possibility of priming for rejection at alternative draining LN sites. |
### Instruction:
Is nasal sumatriptan effective in treatment of migraine attacks in children : A randomized trial?
### Response:
| Nasal sumatriptan is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for migraine attacks in children over 8 years of age. |
### Instruction:
Does iCAM-1 expression predispose ocular tissues to immune-based inflammation in dry eye patients and Sjögrens syndrome-like MRL/lpr mice?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that ICAM-1 upregulation locally and systemically promote lymphocyte activation and migration to the ocular surface (OS). Ocular resident epithelium is an active component of ocular surface and is capable of interacting with invasive lymphocytes by ICAM-1 production in response to immune activation and inflammation. ICAM-1 synthesized by epithelial cells may serve as a signaling molecule for predisposition of ocular surface inflammation and facilitate potential antigen presentation by epithelial cells. Lymphocytic infiltrates in the lacrimal gland of the MRL/lpr mouse appeared to be the result of the accumulation, but not proliferation of circulating lymphocytes diapodesed from the vasculature that had migrated into the local ocular tissues. The potential use of anti-ICAM-1 therapy in treating immune-based inflammatory diseases such as dry eye deserves further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway decrease ischemia-reperfusion-induced creatine kinase release in the heart?
### Response:
| (1) PC can attenuate cardiac reperfusion injury without alterations in mitochondrial redox state; (2) inhibition of the oxPPP protects the heart against I/R-induced CK release; and (3) PC does not result in altered activity of the PPP. |
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