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### Instruction:
Are rating scales for inattention and sleepiness correlated in adults with symptoms of sleep disordered breathing syndrome , but not in adults with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
### Response:
| Scores on rating scales for sleepiness (ESS) and inattention (AD score on the ADHDRS) are not significantly correlated in adults with early childhood onset inattention, but they are significantly correlated in sleepy snorers. Thus, in patients presenting primarily with early childhood onset inattention, sleepiness is not associated with and does not explain the inattention, even though increasing sleepiness and inattention may be associated symptoms in sleepy snorers. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Cardiopulmonary exercise capacity increase after interventional ASD-closure ]?
### Response:
| There is no relevant improvement in exercise capacity early (1-6 months) after interventional ASD-closure, but late after ASD-closure (12 months) exercise capacity improves significantly. This improvement can be found in almost all patients independent of gender, age, symptoms, shunt volume and defect size. |
### Instruction:
Does cyclosporine A sensitize the kidney to tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by renal warm ischemia?
### Response:
| In the rat, CsA can sensitize the kidney to fibrosis induced by renal warm ischemia. In renal transplantation, when cadaveric donor kidneys have been subjected to a period of warm ischemia, CsA may be an inappropriate choice for immunosuppressive therapy. |
### Instruction:
Are low cholesterol levels associated with short-term mortality in older patients with ischemic stroke?
### Response:
| Short-term mortality following ischemic stroke is higher in older participants with low TC levels, independent of a large number of factors. Low TC levels might be useful in identifying frail older participants at high risk of stroke short-term mortality. |
### Instruction:
Do thinner needles influence injection pain , insulin leakage or bleeding in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| We found no difference in injection pain, preference, bleeding or insulin leakage between the needles. Decreasing the needle diameter from 0.4 to 0.3 mm (27-30G) does not seem to decrease pain perception in this age group. |
### Instruction:
Does myocyte nitric oxide synthase 2 contribute to blunted beta-adrenergic response in failing human hearts by decreasing Ca2+ transients?
### Response:
| NOS2 expression strongly limited ISO-induced increases in contraction, twitch Delta[Ca2+]i, and lusitropy in trabeculae and isolated myocytes from failing human hearts. Thus, the beta-AR hyporesponsiveness in human HF is mediated in large part by NO (or related congeners) produced within cardiac myocytes via NOS2. |
### Instruction:
Are end tidal carbon monoxide levels lower in women with gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia?
### Response:
| ETCOc levels were found to be significantly lower in women with GH/PE. Further investigation is required to determine if the lower CO levels reflect a deficient compensatory response to the increase in blood pressure or whether these are primary changes of significance to our understanding of the pathogenesis of GH/PE. |
### Instruction:
Are emergency medicine-trained physicians proficient in the insertion of transvenous pacemakers?
### Response:
| Physicians trained in emergency medicine perform temporary transvenous pacemaker insertions in the acute care setting with a proficiency similar to that of their counterparts in cardiology. |
### Instruction:
Do why hypertensive patients comply with the treatment : results from a qualitative study?
### Response:
| Most of the factors related to poor compliance have implications for patient management. Knowing patients' priorities regarding the most important aspects of care that have high potential for low compliance may be helpful in improvement of the quality of hypertensive patient care. |
### Instruction:
Do bupropion and paroxetine differentially influence cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to stress in depressed patients?
### Response:
| Despite the fact that the treated groups were well matched for depression and other psychiatric histories, lack of randomization into treatment arms may be associated with a selection bias in the two treated groups. |
### Instruction:
Is hospital Accident and Emergency burden unaffected by today 's air pollution levels?
### Response:
| Air pollution, although still frequently high and relevant to the health of the population, is not easily recognizable on a small scale, such as a single hospital, and does not affect daily Accident and Emergency activities. |
### Instruction:
Is fungal DNA present in tissue specimens of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis?
### Response:
| Fungal DNA can be detected within sinonasal tissue specimens of patients suffering from CRS. These findings need to be discussed with respect to the proposed hypothesis of the immune system recognizing extramucosal organisms and initiating an immune response in sensitized patients. |
### Instruction:
Does spironolactone inhibit production of proinflammatory cytokines by human mononuclear cells?
### Response:
| The findings suggest that inhibited production of proinflammatory cytokines may be an extrarenal mechanism that contributes to the beneficial effect of SPIR in patients with CHF. |
### Instruction:
Does neonatal maternal deprivation trigger long term alterations in colonic epithelial barrier and mucosal immunity in rats?
### Response:
| Maternal deprivation promotes long term alterations in the colonic epithelial barrier associated with an exaggerated immune response to an external immune stimulus. This suggests a role for early psychological factors in the regulation of colonic mucosal barrier in later life. |
### Instruction:
Is intestinal B cell hyperactivity in AIDS controlled by highly active antiretroviral therapy?
### Response:
| Our study demonstrated that advanced AIDS patients hyperactivate their intestinal B cell system. HAART could significantly reverse this perturbation, suggesting restored ability of the mucosal immune system to control intestinal infections. |
### Instruction:
Are cD55 expression patterns on intestinal neuronal tissue divergent from the brain?
### Response:
| In contrast with the CNS, enteric neurones express CD55 and enteric glial cells lack CD55 expression. CD55, produced by neuronal cells, attached to elastic fibres surrounding the plexuses is proposed to protect the CD55 negative glial cells within plexuses. |
### Instruction:
Does arginine stimulate intestinal cell migration through a focal adhesion kinase dependent mechanism?
### Response:
| These results showed that L-arginine stimulates cell migration through NO and FAK dependent pathways and that combination therapy with arginine and BSC may enhance intestinal restitution via separate and convergent pathways. |
### Instruction:
Are suprapancreatic and periportal lymph nodes normally larger than 1 cm by laparoscopic ultrasound evaluation?
### Response:
| In suprapancreatic and periportal lymph nodes, size greater than 1 cm should not be used as criterion for malignancy. |
### Instruction:
Does bZLF1 controlled by family repeat domain induce lytic cytotoxicity in Epstein-Barr virus-positive tumor cells?
### Response:
| pFR-Z is a specific gene therapy vehicle for EBV-positive carcinomas. |
### Instruction:
Is out-of-hospital hypoglycaemia safely and cost-effectively treated by paramedics?
### Response:
| The emergency medical services guideline for the treatment of hypoglycaemia and the practice of leaving selected patients at the scene after treatment were found to be effective, safe and economical. Patient satisfaction was found to be high, further supporting the practice of not transporting all patients to hospital. |
### Instruction:
Does bacillus subtilis GlcK activity require cysteines within a motif that discriminates microbial glucokinases into two lineages?
### Response:
| Our results emphasize the necessity of cysteines within the CXCGX(2)GCXE motif for GlcK activity. On the other hand, the C321A mutation led to higher GlcKC321A enzymatic activity with respect to the wild type's, suggesting more adequate glucose phosphorylation. |
### Instruction:
Is additional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of peripheral slices superior to analysis of the central slice in sentinel lymph nodes from melanoma patients?
### Response:
| Molecular analysis of peripheral slices yielded six additional patients (10%) positive by RT-PCR who were initially negative by standard RT-PCR of the central slice. However, three of these six patients were found to express only MelanA but not tyrosinase. As MelanA expression was also found in 13% of control lymph nodes, positive MelanA expression alone in SLNs of melanoma patients requires cautious interpretation in order to avoid false-positive findings. Thus, additional molecular processing of peripheral slices did not significantly increase the number of patients with RT-PCR-positive SLNs. |
### Instruction:
Does diltiazem provide higher internal mammary artery flow than nitroglycerin during coronary artery bypass grafting surgery?
### Response:
| Diltiazem infusion which started prior to harvesting provided higher IMA blood flow compared to nitroglycerin infusion. Considering the percentage of increases in flows after resection of distal segment, the most prone part to vasospasm, we assume that a certain amount of spasm occurred in IMA in spite of infusion of study drugs, such that less with diltiazem and more with nitroglycerin. Diltiazem plays more important role than nitroglycerin in the prevention of vasospasm. |
### Instruction:
Does perivascular application of C-type natriuretic peptide attenuate neointimal hyperplasia in experimental vein grafts?
### Response:
| We conclude that perivascular application of CNP inhibits neointimal hyperplasia of vein grafts in a mouse model. These results suggest that CNP may have a therapeutic potential for the prevention of vein graft disease. |
### Instruction:
Does a multidisciplinary approach to the focal form of congenital hyperinsulinism lead to successful treatment by partial pancreatectomy?
### Response:
| A multidisciplinary approach to patients with the focal form of congenital hyperinsulinism can distinguish focal from diffuse disease, localize focal lesions, and permit partial pancreatectomy with cure in most patients. |
### Instruction:
Do type 1 diabetic children have abnormal lipid profiles during pubertal years?
### Response:
| Plasma CT levels of type I diabetic children are increased in comparison to non-diabetic children and do not follow the usual decreasing pattern during puberty. |
### Instruction:
Does frontal lobe gray matter density decrease in bipolar I disorder?
### Response:
| The observation of a gray matter density decrease in the left anterior cingulate, which processes emotions, in bipolar subjects is consistent with prior reports that used region-of-interest analytic methods. Decreased gray matter density in the right inferior frontal gyrus, which processes nonverbal and intrinsic functions, supports nondominant hemisphere dysfunction as a component of bipolar disorder. |
### Instruction:
Is the amount of calcium-deficient hexagonal hydroxyapatite in aortic valves influenced by gender and associated with genetic polymorphisms in patients with severe calcific aortic stenosis?
### Response:
| Calcification of stenotic aortic valves consists of Ca-deficient hexagonal hydroxyapatite. Gender and genetic polymorphisms have an impact on the degree of aortic valve calcification. |
### Instruction:
Does desflurane accelerate recovery from operations of short duration : a practice audit?
### Response:
| Our results show that in short procedures the use of desflurane does not necessarily result in faster patient recovery or discharge from the PACU. |
### Instruction:
Does n-Acetyl-cysteine modulate inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in human hepatocytes?
### Response:
| Our data show that exposure of hepatocytes to NAC modulated NO synthase expression and NF-kappaB activity, the key responses of the hepatocyte to inflammatory mediators. These data constitute preliminary evidence that NAC might have hepatoprotective actions of potential relevance in chronic inflammatory liver diseases, mediated partially through the modulation of NO production. |
### Instruction:
Is the transport of triglycerides through the secretory pathway of hepatocytes impaired in apolipoprotein E deficient mice?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the removal of lipids from the early or intermediary compartments of the secretory pathway of hepatocytes is impaired in Apoe(-/-) mice. |
### Instruction:
Is up-regulation of IL-1 receptor through PI3K/Akt essential for the induction of iNOS gene expression in hepatocytes?
### Response:
| These results indicate that the up-regulation of IL-1R1 in concert with the activation of NF-kappaB is required for the transcriptional activation of iNOS gene. |
### Instruction:
Does supplementary cleaning remove protein deposits from re-usable laryngeal mask devices?
### Response:
| Supplementary cleaning using a rotating brush, plaque or protein removing solution does not facilitate removal of protein deposits from re-usable LMAs; however, the infectious risk associated with the protein deposits remains to be determined. |
### Instruction:
Is a difficult airway more prevalent in patients suffering from spasmodic torticollis : a case series?
### Response:
| This study assesses the frequency of difficult intubation in patients suffering from spasmodic torticollis. When compared to the general population, these patients do not appear to have a higher frequency of difficult airway or difficult intubation. |
### Instruction:
Does an increased circulating blood volume prevent hypotension after pheochromocytoma resection?
### Response:
| Expansion of the CBV by alpha-blocker therapy was related to lower blood pressures after resection of the pheochromocytoma. Expansion of the CBV by an alpha blocker may have increased the elastance of blood vessels. Preoperative blood volume expansion does not preclude hypotension after tumour resection. Although the CBV value itself is not a predictor for hypotension after tumour resection, pulse dye-densitometry provides values of CO and CBV simultaneously, assisting in the management of volume resuscitation and/or the need for catecholamines. |
### Instruction:
Is the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux and tracheal aspiration detected with pH electrodes similar with the Laryngeal Mask Airway and Esophageal Tracheal Combitube -- a pilot study?
### Response:
| In this pilot study, the ETC appears comparable to the LMA regarding the incidence of GER and tracheal acid aspiration. |
### Instruction:
Is 3.5 % urea-linked gelatin as effective as 6 % HES 200/0.5 for volume management in cardiac surgery patients?
### Response:
| In the conditions of the present study, HES was not associated with a better plasma expansion effect than GEL. HES could result in a higher need for allogeneic blood transfusion. |
### Instruction:
Is it always appendicitis?
### Response:
| Most patients presenting with acute right-sided peritonitic pain are diagnosed and managed as cases of acute appendicitis. Acute pain in the lower right side of the abdomen caused by appendiceal diverticulitis is very rare and clinically indistinguishable from acute appendicitis. Inflammatory complications of appendiceal diverticula mimic acute appendicitis. |
### Instruction:
Do changes in coronary endothelial function predict progression of allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation?
### Response:
| When serial responses were evaluated, patients with end-points had more rapid decreases in endothelial function. The rate of disease progression may be more important than the absolute degree of intimal thickening in early CAV. These data implicate endothelial dysfunction in the development of clinically significant vasculopathy and suggest that serial studies of endothelial function may provide important prognostic information about the development of CAV after heart transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Does the recombinant subdomain IIIB of human serum albumin display activity of gonadotrophin surge-attenuating factor?
### Response:
| Taken together, the findings highlight the putative importance of HSA subdomain IIIB as a GnSAF-bioactive entity and introduce a unique experimental tool to engineer this molecule for structure-function analysis. |
### Instruction:
Do opiate addicts lack error-dependent activation of rostral anterior cingulate?
### Response:
| The attenuation of this error signal in anterior cingulate cortex may play a role in loss of control in addiction and other forms of impulsive behavior. |
### Instruction:
Are the inhibitory effects of gossypol on human prostate cancer cells-PC3 associated with transforming growth factor beta1 ( TGFbeta1 ) signal transduction pathway?
### Response:
| These results indicate that the inhibitory effects of (+/-)-GP on the proliferation of human prostate cancer PC3 cells are associated with induction of TGFbeta1, which in turn influences the expression of the cell cycle-regulatory protein, cyclin D1, in prostate cancer cells. |
### Instruction:
Do neurofibrillary tangles mediate the association of amyloid load with clinical Alzheimer disease and level of cognitive function?
### Response:
| These findings are consistent with a sequence of pathologic events whereby the effect of amyloid deposition on clinical disease is mediated by neurofibrillary tangles. |
### Instruction:
Is reduction of clinical temporomandibular joint pain associated with a reduction of the jaw-stretch reflex?
### Response:
| These results do not support the notion of asymmetries in the jaw-stretch reflex in patients with TMJ pain, but they do suggest that the reflex sensitivity can be influenced by nociceptive activity from the TMJ area. |
### Instruction:
Does an elevated basal FSH reflect a quantitative rather than qualitative decline of the ovarian reserve?
### Response:
| Although there is a reduction in both PR and LBR associated with higher levels of basal FSH, it is clear that in cycling women, high basal FSH is not a contraindication to IVF treatment, and a respectable PR and LBR can be achieved especially in young women. The reduction in PR and LBR is due to reduced reserve rather than poor oocyte quality. Clinics refusing to treat cycling women with elevated basal FSH levels may be denying these women a reasonable, albeit low, chance of achieving a birth with their own genetic material. Clinicians should use basal FSH levels as a guide to advise patients about their chances of achieving a live birth, not to exclude patients with a predicted lower success rate from a treatment programme. |
### Instruction:
Does rTMS reduce focal brain hyperperfusion in two patients with EPC?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that a single rTMS session reduces focal epileptogenic activity and could be an alternative approach for epileptic-resistant patients, but efficacy should be confirmed in a larger series. |
### Instruction:
Does neurogenic pain relief by repetitive transcranial magnetic cortical stimulation depend on the origin and the site of pain?
### Response:
| Motor cortex rTMS was found to result in a significant but transient relief of chronic pain, influenced by pain origin and pain site. These parameters should be taken into account in any further study of rTMS application in chronic pain control. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Iatrogenic perforation of the gallbladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy influence the prognosis . Prospective study ]?
### Response:
| Peroperative gallbladder perforation during LC carries no morbidity, provided a total and complete recuperation of gallstones spilled and local treatment of bile contamination with local irrigation and antibiotics. This complication is correlated to the surgeon's skill and experience. |
### Instruction:
Does micellar paclitaxel improve severe psoriasis in a prospective phase II pilot study?
### Response:
| Micellar paclitaxel demonstrates therapeutic activity in patients with severe psoriasis. |
### Instruction:
Is genetic variation in the human vitamin D receptor associated with muscle strength , fat mass and body weight in Swedish women?
### Response:
| Genetic variation in the VDR is correlated with muscle strength, fat mass and body weight in premenopausal women. Further functional studies on the poly A microsatellite are needed to elucidate whether this is the functionally relevant locus or if the polymorphism is in linkage disequilibrium with a functional variant in a closely situated gene further downstream of the VDR 3'UTR. |
### Instruction:
Is equine grass sickness associated with low antibody levels to Clostridium botulinum : a matched case-control study?
### Response:
| This study provides strong support for the role of C. botulinum in the aetiology of EGS and identifies managemental risk factors for the disease. |
### Instruction:
Is alpha-fodrin cleaved by caspase-3 in a chronic ocular hypertensive ( COH ) rat model of glaucoma?
### Response:
| This confirms our previous finding of caspase-3 cleavage of alpha-fodrin in COH retinas and parallels pathology seen in Alzheimer's disease, in which neurons undergo chronic caspase activation, slow build-up of cleavage products, and delayed apoptosis. If caspase activation in glaucoma leads to protracted rather than rapid retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, a much longer therapeutic window exists for apoptosis inhibition with caspase inhibitors such as BIRC4. |
### Instruction:
Does the value of abdominal CT scan in decision-making during chemotherapy in ovarian cancer?
### Response:
| CT scans are of no value in deciding the number of chemotherapy cycles in the initial treatment for ovarian cancer. They cost a lot of money, can add a lot of confusion, and offer no benefit over results of debulking surgery and CA-125 levels. |
### Instruction:
Does age-dependent thickening of glomerular basement membrane have no major effect on glomerular hydraulic conductivity?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that the age-dependent increase of GBM thickness in rat kidneys did not substantially increase hydraulic resistance of the glomerular capillary wall. |
### Instruction:
Does direct transfer of hepatocyte growth factor gene into kidney suppress cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity in rats?
### Response:
| These results suggest that HGF may prevent CsA-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis, indicating that HGF gene transfer may provide a potential strategy for preventing renal fibrosis. |
### Instruction:
Do in vitro and in vivo models for peritonitis demonstrate unchanged neutrophil migration after exposure to dialysis fluids?
### Response:
| We conclude that exposure of MC to PDF does not hamper the recruitment of functional neutrophils upon challenge. |
### Instruction:
Does liposomal targeting of glucocorticoids to synovial lining cells strongly increase therapeutic benefit in collagen type II arthritis?
### Response:
| By using the property of long-circulating liposomes to target the synovial lining selectively in inflamed joints, the anti-inflammatory activity of GC can be greatly increased, showing also the beneficial effect of reduced cartilage destruction. |
### Instruction:
Does platelet concentrate injection improve Achilles tendon repair in rats?
### Response:
| Platelet concentrate may prove useful for the treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures. |
### Instruction:
Is autologous blood donation in total knee arthroplasties necessary?
### Response:
| Total knee arthroplasty can be managed without preoperative AB-donation if it is performed using a tourniquet, if a postoperative collection and direct retransfusion system is used for the wound blood, and if the transfusion algorithm is defined according to compulsory and practical guidelines. |
### Instruction:
Does influence of fall height and impact surface on biomechanics of feet-first free fall in children?
### Response:
| Impact surface type and fall height were found to influence biomechanics associated with injury risk in feet-first free falls as assessed through experimental mock-ups using an instrumented child test dummy. Feet-first falls from short distances (27 in.) (0.69 m) were associated with a low risk of contact-type head injury as assessed using HIC, irrespective of impact surface type. |
### Instruction:
Is weight stabilisation associated with improved survival duration and quality of life in unresectable pancreatic cancer?
### Response:
| Weight stabilisation over an 8 week period in weight-losing patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer was associated with improved survival duration and QoL. |
### Instruction:
Is calcium-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition augmented in the kidney of Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rat?
### Response:
| The results show an enhanced MPT activation in kidney mitochondria from GK rats, which lead us to suggest that this condition may be one major alteration triggered by chronic diabetes in kidney cells, ultimately leading to cell dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Are smoky indoor cooking fires associated with elevated hemoglobin concentration in iron-deficient women?
### Response:
| The elevation of hemoglobin concentration through exposure to indoor air pollution resulting from the burning of biomass fuels in smoky fires for cooking could have important implications for the diagnosis of anemia. However, considering the observational nature of this study, further research using more rigorous measures of exposure to carbon monoxide as well as additional measures of iron status are needed to confirm the relationships among iron status, exposure to smoke from the burning of biomass fuels indoors, and hemoglobin concentration of women living at moderately high altitude. Further study of this matter could help to assure that appropriate adjustments to anemia cutoffs are made, if warranted, and could assist in clarifying potentially negative outcomes of exposure to smoke from biomass fuels burned indoors. |
### Instruction:
Do patient psychological characteristics have minimal influence on surgical prioritization?
### Response:
| The psychological status of arthroplasty candidates had no significant effect on the surgical prioritization process. Allocation to the urgent list appears to be based primarily on the patient's age, but is partially influenced by patient's better physical health and viewing treatment as being effective. |
### Instruction:
Is pretreatment antimicrobial susceptibility testing cost saving in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori?
### Response:
| Pretreatment antimicrobial susceptibility testing is more effective and cost saving and, in health systems that confirm cost advantage, microbial susceptibility testing should be routinely used for eradication of H. pylori infection. |
### Instruction:
Is occult hypoperfusion associated with increased mortality in hemodynamically stable , high-risk , surgical patients?
### Response:
| Elevated blood lactate levels are associated with a higher mortality rate and postoperative complications in hemodynamically stable surgical patients. |
### Instruction:
Do inhibitors of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction prevent high-altitude pulmonary edema in rats?
### Response:
| The results demonstrate that treatment with NiCl2 or acetazolamide prevents HAPE in rats and are consistent with a role for elevated pulmonary artery pressure in the pathogenesis of HAPE. |
### Instruction:
Is knee joint proprioception in ACL-deficient knees related to cartilage injury , laxity and age : a retrospective study of 54 patients?
### Response:
| Anatomical injuy classification may need to be considered when discussing proprioceptive ability in patients with an ACL injury, laxity is related to proprioception and proprioception may decrease with age. |
### Instruction:
Does venography at insertion of tunnelled internal jugular vein dialysis catheters reveal significant occult stenosis?
### Response:
| Venography performed immediately prior to tunnelled internal jugular dialysis catheter insertion detects unexpected, clinically significant anatomical abnormalities of the central veins in a substantial proportion of patients, particularly those with a history of previous tunnelled catheter insertion. We suggest that the use of venography may help to minimize the risk of complications from this procedure. |
### Instruction:
Does the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast proteome reveal pathway abundance and novel protein functions?
### Response:
| The chloroplast proteome contains many proteins that are of unknown function and not predicted to localize to the chloroplast. Expression of nuclear-encoded chloroplast genes is regulated at multiple levels in a pathway-dependent context. The combined shotgun proteomics and RNA profiling approach is of high potential value to predict metabolic pathway prevalence and to define regulatory levels of gene expression on a pathway scale. |
### Instruction:
Does vaccinia virus complement control protein increase early bacterial clearance during experimental peritonitis?
### Response:
| rVCP enhances early bacterial clearance in mice after CLP, although not through neutrophil recruitment, as MPO concentrations and cell counts were not different. rVCP may, however, increase neutrophil function potentially by prevention of accumulation of complement factors that inhibit leukocytes. Further studies will be needed to elucidate this pathway. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Vomiting after gynecologic laparoscopy and under general anesthesia associated with changes in excretion of serotonin metabolites ]?
### Response:
| Results of this study support further investigation of the relationship between serotonin and PONV and suggest that there may in fact be an association between PONV and increased serotonin turnover. |
### Instruction:
Is pioglitazone effective therapy for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| Pioglitazone monotherapy, or added to a sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin demonstrated no significant differences in effectiveness while exhibiting similar adverse events in patients aged > or =65 years compared with patients aged <65 years. Well-controlled randomised clinical trials are recommended to confirm the impact of pioglitazone therapy on the glycaemic and lipid control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Is low body mass index associated with an increased risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events and concentration impairment in women on mefloquine?
### Response:
| Risk factors for mefloquine-associated neuropsychiatric adverse events and concentration impairment are female gender, low BMI, and first-time use. The frequency of neuropsychiatric effects is highest in women with a BMI < or = 20 kg m(-2). |
### Instruction:
Do activated platelets stimulate tissue factor expression in smooth muscle cells?
### Response:
| Activated platelets upregulate TF, via release of several soluble mediators, in a cell population widely expressed in the vessel wall and in atherosclerotic plaques, such as SMCs. This phenomenon might play an important role in sustaining thrombus formation in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Are lipoprotein concentrations in newborns associated with allelic variations in their mothers?
### Response:
| This is the first evidence that maternal genetic variations influence fetal lipoprotein concentrations, independent of the genetic status of the fetus and of the variations of maternal lipoprotein concentrations generated by these genetic variants. It suggests that proteic components of maternal lipoproteins strongly control the metabolism of maternal lipoproteins carried out at the surface of the placenta to assure the cholesterol delivery to the fetus. |
### Instruction:
Is the effect of race/ethnicity on prostate cancer treatment outcome conditional : a review of Wayne State University data?
### Response:
| Race/ethnicity as an independent predictor of prostate cancer is conditional and dependent on age, stage and year of diagnosis. Year of diagnosis is associated with a stage shift to earlier staged prostate cancer from the early to late 1990s. In general, study cohorts are often subranges of the entire spectrum of prostate cancer that are limited by these factors, especially stage at diagnosis and treatment. If diagnosed and treated early enough, although there is evidence suggesting that AAMs have more aggressive disease biologically, the role of race as a factor in outcome is significantly decreased. The age factor is more complex and must be discussed in more detail. |
### Instruction:
Is percent of cores positive for cancer a better preoperative predictor of cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy than prostate specific antigen?
### Response:
| The percent of cores positive for cancer was a better predictor of cancer recurrence than PSA in this post-PSA era RRP series. In addition, surgical Gleason score and pathological stage/surgical margins were also independent predictors of cancer recurrence after RRP. These 3 predictors are displayed in a nomogram-type format to summarize estimated 5 and 10-year recurrence-free probabilities. |
### Instruction:
Is standard right atrial ablation effective for atrioventricular nodal reentry with earliest activation in the coronary sinus?
### Response:
| Successful RF ablation can be performed at standard sites in the triangle of Koch regardless of earliest site of atrial activation. The incidence of CS as earliest retrograde atrial activation site in AVNRT is 8%. |
### Instruction:
Does the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine change rectal sensitivity and symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome : a double blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study?
### Response:
| Fluoxetine does not change rectal sensitivity in IBS patients. Possible beneficial effects on pain perception need to be confirmed in larger trials. |
### Instruction:
Are behavioral variables and education predictors of dietary change in the Women 's Health Trial : Feasibility Study in Minority Populations?
### Response:
| Nutrition education can be an effective tool for improving diets, but behavioral characteristics deserve greater attention in helping to design the most effective approaches for various target groups. |
### Instruction:
Does glucocorticoid pretreatment induce cytokine overexpression and nuclear factor-kappaB activation in macrophages?
### Response:
| The results of this study demonstrate a novel role for glucocorticoids and provide a mechanism for the late upregulation in macrophage function after injury. |
### Instruction:
Do young male smokers have altered platelets and endothelium that precedes atherosclerosis?
### Response:
| These initial data suggests that anti-platelet therapy may have a role in reduction of platelet activation and aggregation in young smokers and possibly alter vascular endothelial abnormalities. |
### Instruction:
Is the 500-base-pair fragment of the putative gene RvD1-Rv2031c also present in the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that the 500bp PCR fragment is present not only in M. bovis but also in M. tuberculosis. |
### Instruction:
Are volume-regulated anion channels the predominant contributors to release of excitatory amino acids in the ischemic cortical penumbra?
### Response:
| In contrast to previous results in severely ischemic regions, DHK did not reduce EAA release in less severely ischemic brain, suggesting a diminished role for transporter reversal in these areas. These findings also support the hypothesis that in regions of incomplete ischemia, release of EAAs via VRACs may play a larger role than reversal of the GLT-1 transporter. |
### Instruction:
Does hypoxia/ischemia modulate G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and beta-arrestin-1 levels in the neonatal rat brain?
### Response:
| Neonatal HI-induced brain damage is associated with specific changes in the GPCR desensitization machinery. We hypothesize that these changes result in supersensitization of multiple GPCRs and might therefore contribute to HI-induced brain damage. |
### Instruction:
Does rifampicin seem to act as both an inducer and an inhibitor of the metabolism of repaglinide?
### Response:
| When rifampicin and repaglinide are administered concomitantly, rifampicin seems to act as both an inducer and an inhibitor of the metabolism of repaglinide. After discontinuing rifampicin administration, while the inductive effect on CYP3A4 and probably also CYP2C8 is still present, an even more marked reduction in the plasma concentration of repaglinide was observed. Our results suggest that concomitant administration of rifampicin and repaglinide may cause a clinically relevant decrease in the glucose-lowering effect of repaglinide, in particular when rifampicin treatment is discontinued or if the drugs are not administered simultaneously or within a few hours of each other. |
### Instruction:
Is the problem of underdosing of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors markedly overrated : results from a study of patients discharged from hospital after an acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| AMI patients were discharged from the hospital with ACE inhibitor doses fairly close to the ones achieved in clinical trials showing survival benefits for ACE inhibitors. A distinction should be made between target doses and doses actually obtained in clinical trials. |
### Instruction:
Is left ventricular thrombosis associated with increased mean platelet volume in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and sinus rhythm?
### Response:
| Mean platelet volume is increased in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and sinus rhythm having left ventricular thrombosis. This might be reflecting a causal relationship, which in turn requires further study to establish the role of antiplatelet agents both in prevention and in treatment. |
### Instruction:
Does painful neuropathy alter the effect of gabapentin on sensory neuron excitability in rats?
### Response:
| Nerve injury by CCI is associated with increased sensory neuron excitability, associated with a decreased AHP. In normal peripheral sensory neurons, GBP has pro-excitatory effects, whereas GBP decreases excitability in injured neurons, possibly on the basis of altered sodium channel function. |
### Instruction:
Does mucociliary function deteriorate in the clinical range of inspired air temperature and humidity?
### Response:
| Delivery of inspired gas at 30 degrees C, or even 34 degrees C, with 100% RH may not be sufficient to prevent epithelial damage occurring during 6 h exposure. |
### Instruction:
Does r3-survey of traumatic brain injury management in European Brain IT centre year 2001?
### Response:
| The suggested management of TBI was mainly in accordance with published guidelines, although a minor proportion of the answers deviated to some extent. The suggested order and combinations of different treatment interventions varied. Variation of treatment within the range of prescribed standards provides optimal conditions for an interesting future analysis of treatment and monitoring data as collected prospectively in a Brain IT database. |
### Instruction:
Do professional athletes suffering from familial hypercholesterolaemia rarely tolerate statin treatment because of muscular problems?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that in top sports performers only about 20% tolerate statin treatment without side-effects. Clinical decision making as to lipid lowering therapy thus becomes a critical issue in this small subgroup of patients. |
### Instruction:
Does valerian appear to reduce symptoms for patients with chronic insomnia in general practice using a series of randomised n-of-1 trials?
### Response:
| Valerian was not shown to be appreciably better than placebo in promoting sleep or sleep-related factors for any individual patient or for all patients as a group. |
### Instruction:
Does corticosteroid treatment of experimental arthritis retard cartilage destruction as determined by histology and serum COMP?
### Response:
| Corticosteroids given therapeutically to arthritic rats diminish joint destruction histologically, and stable serum COMP levels reflect this effect. |
### Instruction:
Does partial acetylation of polyethylenimine enhance in vitro gene delivery?
### Response:
| Reduction of the buffering capacity of PEI greatly enhanced the gene delivery activity of the polymer. The mechanism is not yet understood, but the enhancement may be caused by more effective polyplex unpackaging, altered endocytic trafficking, and/or increased lipophilicity of acetylated PEI-DNA complexes. Future studies will address these possibilities in more detail. |
### Instruction:
Do bronchioloalveolar pathologic subtype and smoking history predict sensitivity to gefitinib in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that individuals in whom gefitinib is efficacious are more likely to have adenocarcinomas of the bronchioloalveolar subtype and to be never smokers. These observations may provide clues to mechanisms determining sensitivity to this agent and suggest that NSCLC has a different biology in patients who never smoked and those with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Are distinct portions of anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex activated by reward processing in separable phases of decision-making cognition?
### Response:
| Neural activity within the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex, pregenual ACC, and striatum mediate distinct representations of reward-related information that are deployed at different stages during a decision-making episode. |
### Instruction:
Is glial reduction in amygdala in major depressive disorder due to oligodendrocytes?
### Response:
| The glial cell reduction previously found in the amygdala in MDD is primarily due to oligodendrocytes. |
### Instruction:
Do subcortical and ventral prefrontal cortical neural responses to facial expressions distinguish patients with bipolar disorder and major depression?
### Response:
| Compared with healthy controls and MDD patients, BD patients demonstrated increased subcortical and ventral prefrontal cortical responses to both positive and negative emotional expressions. |
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