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### Instruction:
Are routine pouchograms necessary after continent urinary diversion?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate that routine pouchograms before pouch activation after continent urinary diversion may not be necessary. |
### Instruction:
Is alcohol in alcoholic liver disease a causative factor for development of allergic skin manifestations?
### Response:
| Alcoholic liver disease plays an important role in development of type I allergic skin manifestations. This effect has a direct mechanism through alcohol itself, and an indirect through elevation of IgE. Alcohol in liver disease and not liver disease causes immunologic abnormalities and accounts significantly for increased appearance of allergic skin reactions regardless of the extent of underlying liver disease. |
### Instruction:
Does intrathecal morphine reduce infarct size in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that spinally-administered morphine provides a previously unrecognized cardioprotective benefit. In anesthetized rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury, we show that very small doses of intrathecal morphine reduce infarct size in rats, and this benefit is as great as that provided by much larger doses of IV morphine. |
### Instruction:
Are insulin autoantibodies of less value compared with islet antibodies in the clinical diagnosis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in children older than 3 yr of age?
### Response:
| Insulin autoantibodies are of less clinical value compared with islet antibodies in the diagnosis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in children. |
### Instruction:
Does epstein-barr virus-positive gastric carcinoma have a distinct protein expression profile in comparison with epstein-barr virus-negative carcinoma?
### Response:
| EBV-positive gastric carcinomas have a distinct protein expression profile as well as distinct clinicopathological features, as compared with EBV-negative carcinomas. The subclassification of EBV-positive carcinomas, by hierarchical cluster analysis, is significantly associated with patient survival. |
### Instruction:
Are reliable visceromotor responses evoked by noxious bladder distention in mice?
### Response:
| These findings suggest the usefulness of the current model system for the study of bladder nociception. In mice UBD evoked VMRs are spinobulbospinal reflexes that are reliable and reproducible, graded in relation to the stimulus, inhibited by analgesics and augmented by the presence of inflammation. Together these data strongly support the use of this model because it may allow the assessment of pharmacogenetic differences among murine strains and the use of transgenic technologies. |
### Instruction:
Is carotid atherosclerosis a predictor of coronary calcification in chronic haemodialysis patients?
### Response:
| Atherosclerosis is independently associated with coronary artery calcification and with hyperphosphataemia in chronic HD patients. CACS appeared to be predictive of both coronary atherosclerosis and carotid atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Does darbepoetin alfa administered once monthly maintain haemoglobin levels in stable dialysis patients?
### Response:
| Darbepoetin alfa, administered once monthly, maintained haemoglobin effectively and safely in most dialysis patients stabilized previously on once every 2 weeks dosing. Once-monthly dosing may optimize anaemia management for patients with CRF and for health care providers. |
### Instruction:
Does intact PTH assay overestimate true 1-84 PTH levels after maxacalcitol therapy in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism?
### Response:
| Twenty-four weeks of intravenous maxacalcitol injection therapy significantly reduced the 1-84PTH/iPTH ratio. Estimated 1-84PTH levels from iPTH levels using a conversion formula obtained before the treatment were 21.0+/-20.4% higher than measured 1-84PTH levels after the therapy. Thus, iPTH measurement has a potential risk to overestimate 1-84PTH levels when evaluating the efficacy of maxacalcitol therapy in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Clinical evaluation of the paste of erythromycin ethylsuccinate-metronidazole CP for root canal sterilization ]?
### Response:
| The root canal sterilization drug of erythromycin ethylsuccinate metronidazole-CP was a safe and effective method to promote the restoration of root apex diseases. |
### Instruction:
Is actin-related protein 2/3 complex required for actin ring formation?
### Response:
| These data show that Arp2/3 complex is a component of actin rings and that the presence of Arp2/3 complex is vital to the formation of actin rings. In addition, the results show the use of siRNAs for the study of RAW 264.7 osteoclast-like cells. |
### Instruction:
Is terminal differentiation of osteoblasts to osteocytes accompanied by dramatic changes in the distribution of actin-binding proteins?
### Response:
| We found that terminal differentiation of osteoblasts to osteocytes was accompanied by highly dramatic changes in the distribution of actin-binding proteins, changes of which may affect cellular function. |
### Instruction:
Does a synthetic peptide fragment of human MEPE stimulate new bone formation in vitro and in vivo?
### Response:
| Our results show that a synthetic peptide corresponding with the sequence of human MEPE fragment stimulates new bone formation with increased number of osteoblasts. The results also suggest that the RGD and SGDG motifs are critical to the osteogenic activity of AC-100, presumably through activating integrin signaling pathways in osteoblasts. The anabolic effects of AC-100 may be beneficial for bone diseases associated with decreased bone formation. |
### Instruction:
Is fGF-23 a potent regulator of vitamin D metabolism and phosphate homeostasis?
### Response:
| FGF-23 regulates NaPi-2a independently of PTH and the serum 1,25(OH)2D level by controlling renal expressions of key enzymes of the vitamin D metabolism. In conclusion, FGF-23 is a potent regulator of phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis. |
### Instruction:
Is immunohistochemical dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase expression a good prognostic indicator for patients with Dukes ' C colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| Immunohistochemical DPD expression in tumors is a useful prognostic parameter in patients with Dukes' C CRC treated with postoperative adjuvant FU-based chemotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Does dietary supplementation with olive oil lead to improved lipoprotein spectrum and lower n-6 PUFAs in elderly subjects?
### Response:
| These results point to an overwhelmingly beneficial influence of olive oil on the lipoprotein spectrum. The statistically significant reduction in arachidonic acid may even be regarded as clinically desirable. An excellent complementarity between the effects of MUFAs and long-chain n-3 PUFAs is to be expected. |
### Instruction:
Are farmers at risk for anxiety and depression : the Hordaland Health Study?
### Response:
| Farming is associated with increased levels of anxiety and increased levels and prevalences of depression. As regards depression, preventative measures and screening for cases in need of treatment should be strongly considered. |
### Instruction:
Is spatial dispersion of repolarization a key factor in the arrhythmogenicity of long QT syndrome?
### Response:
| The study shows that in LQT3, spatial variations in steady-state properties result in zones of nonuniform APD gradients. These provide a substrate for functional conduction block and reentrant excitation when challenged by subendocardial "early afterdepolarization-triggered" premature beats. The study emphasizes the key importance of spatial dispersion of repolarization, whether located in epicardial or intramyocardial layers, in arrhythmia formation in LQTS. |
### Instruction:
Is evidence that the risk of spina bifida influenced by genetic variation at the NOS3 locus?
### Response:
| The results of the present analyses suggest that the embryonic NOS3 G894T genotype is associated with the risk of spina bifida. Moreover, these analyses highlight the importance of a detailed examination of the study data. Had these analyses been restricted to the methodologically simpler TDT, the association between the NOS3 G894T genotype and risk of spina bifida may well have been overlooked. |
### Instruction:
Is apparent primary follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency a rare cause of treatable male infertility?
### Response:
| The published case and ours may have a common, as yet unidentified, underlying defect. The dramatic and immediate effect of FSH treatment on our patient's fertility was clearly demonstrated. |
### Instruction:
Do electroconvulsive seizures induce proliferation of NG2-expressing glial cells in adult rat amygdala?
### Response:
| Major depression has been associated with a reduction of glial cells. Our results show that ECS, an antidepressant treatment, significantly increases the number of NG2+ glial cells and mature oligodendrocytes in the adult rat amygdala. |
### Instruction:
Does chronic treatment with atypical neuroleptics induce striosomal FosB/DeltaFosB expression in rats?
### Response:
| The relative absence of FosB/DeltaFosB expression in the matrix correlates with the lack of parkinsonism of atypical neuroleptics. Expression of FosB/DeltaFosB in the matrix may contribute to parkinsonism of typical neuroleptics. |
### Instruction:
Is a sexually dimorphic ratio of orbitofrontal to amygdala volume altered in schizophrenia?
### Response:
| These opposite OAR abnormalities, whereby men show feminization and women masculinization, suggest gender-mediated effects of the underlying neuropathologic processes. The correlations with symptom severity suggest that neuroanatomic abnormalities in OAR reflect compensatory brain changes. |
### Instruction:
Are second neoplasms in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer often treatable?
### Response:
| Indefinite follow-up in a long-term survivors' clinic is indicated for adolescent and adult survivors of childhood cancer, with routine examination and screening for recurrence of the initial cancer as well as late effects, including second neoplasms. |
### Instruction:
Is endothelin-1 concentration increased in the aqueous humour of patients with exfoliation syndrome?
### Response:
| The increased concentration of ET-1 in the aqueous humour of XFS patients suggests that ET-1 may play a role in the pathobiology of XFS. |
### Instruction:
Does n-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide predict two-year remodelling in patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Seventeen percent of patients with transmural myocardial infarction and no baseline heart failure experienced a significant left ventricular dilatation at 2 years, and this was best predicted by baseline Nt-proANP. Unstructured abstract Seventy-one patients with acute myocardial infarction and no heart failure were followed for two years in an observational Doppler echocardiographic study. There was a significant increase in end-diastolic volume index of 11% ( p=0.006 ) and end-systolic volume index of 14% (p=0.03), but no change in ejection fraction after two years. Nt-proANP was the strongest independent predictor of two-year changes in end-diastolic volume index and of an increase in end-diastolic volume index above 20 ml/m2 after two years. |
### Instruction:
Does fatty acid translocase/CD36 deficiency energetically or functionally compromise hearts before or after ischemia?
### Response:
| FAT/CD36-deficient hearts are not energetically or functionally compromised and are not more sensitive to ischemic injury because glucose oxidation can compensate for the loss of fatty acid-derived ATP. |
### Instruction:
Does [ HBx gene facilitate the proliferation activity of hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo ]?
### Response:
| HBx gene can facilitate the proliferation of hepatoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does fludrocortisone prevent orthostatic hypotension in astronauts after spaceflight?
### Response:
| Treatment with a single dose of fludrocortisone results in protection of plasma volume but no protection of orthostatic tolerance. Fludrocortisone is not recommended as a countermeasure for spaceflight-induced orthostatic intolerance. |
### Instruction:
Are mast cells involved in inflammatory reactions during Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1?
### Response:
| Mast cells are involved in inflammatory reactions during the CRPS1. Mast cells could play a role in the production of cytokines such as TNFalpha. |
### Instruction:
Do carbon and nitrogen sources modulate lipase production in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica?
### Response:
| Tryptone N1 and oleic acid are the most suitable nitrogen and carbon sources for the production of the extracellular lipase by the Y. lipolytica mutant. Higher levels of lipase production were obtained as the tryptone concentration increased in the culture medium. Such a positive correlation was not observed with oleic acid media where the highest lipolytic productivities were obtained in the presence of low concentration. We also demonstrate that in the presence of oleic acid, lipase is cell-bound during the growth phase before being released in the media. |
### Instruction:
Is aspirin resistance associated with a high incidence of myonecrosis after non-urgent percutaneous coronary intervention despite clopidogrel pretreatment?
### Response:
| Despite adequate pretreatment with clopidogrel, patients with aspirin resistance as measured by a point-of-care assay have an increased risk of myonecrosis following non-urgent PCI. |
### Instruction:
Does rosuvastatin improve the atherogenic and atheroprotective lipid profiles in patients with hypertriglyceridemia?
### Response:
| Rosuvastatin reduced triglyceride levels and improved the overall atherogenic and atheroprotective lipid profiles in hypertriglyceridemic patients. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Isolation and structure identification of lignans from pine needles of pinus massoniana Lamb ]?
### Response:
| Compound I is a new compound. While II and III were isolated from this plant for the first time. |
### Instruction:
Are hormonal responses during prolonged exercise influenced by a selective DA/NA reuptake inhibitor?
### Response:
| From the present results, we can conclude that bupropion had a more marked central noradrenergic effect (compared to dopaminergic) on the hormonal response to exercise, but no effect on the outcome of performance. |
### Instruction:
Does platelet-derived growth factor regulate cytomegalovirus infection-enhanced obliterative bronchiolitis in rat tracheal allografts?
### Response:
| The results of this study emphasize the key regulatory role of PDGF in the pathogenesis of RCMV infection-enhanced OB, suggesting a novel strategy for the prevention of this fibroproliferative disorder. |
### Instruction:
Does reduction of circulating redox-active iron by apotransferrin protect against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| Redox-active iron is released into the circulation in the course of renal I/R. Reducing the amount of circulating redox-active iron by treatment with apotransferrin protects against renal I/R injury, inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and loss of function. Apotransferrin could be used in the treatment of acute renal failure, as seen after transplantation of ischemically damaged organs. |
### Instruction:
Are serum triglycerides a predictive factor for the development and the progression of renal and retinal complications in patients with type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| High triglycerIde levels are an independent predictive factor of both renal and retinal complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Is religiosity associated with hippocampal but not amygdala volumes in patients with refractory epilepsy?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that right hippocampal volumes are negatively correlated with religiosity in patients with refractory epilepsy. |
### Instruction:
Is knee flexion during stair ambulation altered in individuals with patellofemoral pain?
### Response:
| These results indicate that the amount of stance-phase knee flexion is lower in individuals with PFP and that this may be related to onset timing of the vasti. |
### Instruction:
Is neither the accuracy nor the precision of thermal dilution cardiac output measurements altered by acute tricuspid regurgitation in pigs?
### Response:
| Cardiac output is a valuable measurement that guides the medical care of patients with heart and lung disease. This study demonstrates that the thermal dilution technique of determining cardiac output is valid when acute tricuspid valve regurgitation is present in pigs. |
### Instruction:
Is stampidine a potential nonspermicidal broad-spectrum anti-human immunodeficiency virus microbicide?
### Response:
| The broad-spectrum anti-HIV agent stampidine had no adverse effect on sperm functions, was not cytotoxic, and did not induce mucosal toxicity. Stampidine has clinical potential as a prophylactic microbicide without contraceptive activity. |
### Instruction:
Does abrogation of p21 expression by flavopiridol enhance depsipeptide-mediated apoptosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma cells?
### Response:
| FLA abrogates DP-mediated induction of p21 expression, in part, via inhibition of protein kinase C signaling and markedly potentiates the cytotoxic effects of DP in MPM cells. |
### Instruction:
Does the stable nitroxide tempol facilitate salivary gland protection during head and neck irradiation in a mouse model?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates for the first time that significant radioprotection of the salivary glands is possible with Tempol in C3H mice. |
### Instruction:
Does molecular pathology show p16 methylation in nonadenomatous pituitaries from patients with Cushing 's disease?
### Response:
| To our knowledge this is the first report that describes an intrinsic molecular change, namely methylation of the p16 gene CpG island, common to all three histological patterns associated with Cushing's disease. Thus, the use of molecular pathology reveals abnormalities undetected by routine pathological investigation. In cases of "apparently" normal pituitaries it is not possible to determine whether the change is associated with adenoma cells "scattered" throughout the gland, albeit few in number, or with the ancestor-clonal origin of these tumor cells. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase v associated with prognosis and histology in non-small cell lung cancers?
### Response:
| GnT-V expression is associated with histology in NSCLCs. Low GnT-V expression is associated with shorter survival and poor prognosis in pStage I overall NSCLCs and non-squamous cell carcinomas. |
### Instruction:
Is peritoneal dialysis with solutions low in glucose degradation products associated with improved biocompatibility profile towards peritoneal mesothelial cells?
### Response:
| These results suggest that therapy with new pH-neutral low-GDP solutions contribute to an intraperitoneal milieu that improves mesothelial cell proliferation and viability. It may positively impact on the preservation of the peritoneal membrane integrity during long-term dialysis. |
### Instruction:
Is phospholipid plasmalogen , a surrogate marker of oxidative stress , associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in patients on renal replacement therapy?
### Response:
| These results suggest that increased oxidative stress may be a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in ESRD. |
### Instruction:
Does solar disinfection of drinking water protect against cholera in children under 6 years of age?
### Response:
| Results confirm the usefulness of solar disinfection in reducing risk of water borne disease in children. Point of consumption solar disinfection can be done with minimal resources, which are readily available, and may be an important first line response to cholera outbreaks. Its potential in chorine resistant cholera merits further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Does subclinical hepatic encephalopathy predict the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy?
### Response:
| SHE (defined on the basis of number connection test or auditory evoked potentials alteration) could predict a subsequent episode of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Lower glutamine levels, presence of esophageal varices, and liver dysfunction were also related to the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term omeprazole treatment suppress body weight gain and bone mineralization in young male rats?
### Response:
| Omeprazole treatment of young male rats reduces body weight and bone mass gain. The densities of ECL cells in the oxyntic mucosa was increased and of the EC cells in the antral mucosa reduced. |
### Instruction:
Does angiotensin II induce circadian gene expression of clock genes in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells?
### Response:
| The present results demonstrate that the aorta and VSMCs possess a circadian oscillation system which is comparable to that of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and that the circadian gene expression in VSMCs is induced by angiotensin II through the angiotensin II type1 receptor. Our in vitro system will provide a useful tool to further analyze the physiological significance of the peripheral clock in cardiovascular function. |
### Instruction:
Does in vivo blockade of tumor necrosis factor-alpha accelerate functional endothelial recovery after balloon angioplasty?
### Response:
| In vivo blockade of TNF accelerates functional endothelial recovery after barotraumatic de-endothelializing injury. These findings suggest that locally expressed TNF acts to inhibit functional endothelial recovery after angioplasty and that transient blockade of TNF may improve the long-term success of angioplasty. |
### Instruction:
Does activation of barium-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channels mediate remote dilation of coronary arterioles?
### Response:
| We demonstrated that some modes of local vasodilation can be conducted to remote sites in coronary arterioles and that local and remote dilations can occur through different vasodilatory mechanisms. Activation of K(ir) channels seems critical for some agonist-induced local vasodilations and also for the initiation and/or transmission of signals causing remote vasodilation. |
### Instruction:
Do elevated tumor lactate concentrations predict for an increased risk of metastases in head-and-neck cancer?
### Response:
| Elevated tumor lactate concentrations are associated with the subsequent development of nodal or distant metastases in head-and-neck cancer patients. This more aggressive malignant phenotype is probably associated with hypoxia-mediated radioresistance and the upregulation of metastasis-associated genes. |
### Instruction:
Is insertion-deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme associated with obstetric cholestasis but not with preeclampsia?
### Response:
| The present data indicate that the DD genotype is a genetic marker associated with an elevated risk of obstetric cholestasis, but this polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is unlikely to play any significant role in preeclampsia. |
### Instruction:
Does cpG hypermethylation of the promoter region inactivate the estrogen receptor-beta gene in patients with prostate carcinoma?
### Response:
| The results of the current study demonstrate, for what we believe to be the first time, that the inactivation of the ERbeta gene in prostate carcinoma occurs through CpG methylation of the promoter region of this gene. |
### Instruction:
Is pRb2/p130 protein expression correlated with clinicopathologic findings in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| Expression of pRb2/p130 may be a good prognostic indicator in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and also may be utilized for the subclassification of tumors with the Grade 3 mode of carcinoma invasion. |
### Instruction:
Is the hypotensive effect of BMY 7378 antagonized by a silent 5-HT ( 1A ) receptor antagonist : comparison with 8-hydroxy-dipropylamino tetralin?
### Response:
| Data suggest that BMY 7378 cardiovascular effects are related to activation, as a full agonist, of central 5-HT(1A) receptors in adult rats; however, participation of other systems such as vascular alpha1-adrenoceptors in cardiovascular function is suggested. |
### Instruction:
Does hepatocyte growth factor promote epithelial morphogenesis and occludin linkage to the cytoskeleton in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that HGF promotes linkage of occludin to the cytoskeleton. HGF may become a therapeutic candidate in physiological recovery of RPE cells and in preparation of RPE monolayers for transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Does a school-based exercise intervention augment bone mineral accrual in early pubertal girls?
### Response:
| In girls, early puberty may be a particularly opportune time during growth for simple exercise interventions to have a positive effect on bone health. |
### Instruction:
Does calcium fortification of breakfast cereal enhance calcium absorption in children without affecting iron absorption?
### Response:
| The addition of a moderate amount of calcium to a cereal product was beneficial to calcium absorption and did not interfere with iron absorption. Use of calcium-fortified food products may be considered a practical approach to increasing the calcium intake of children. |
### Instruction:
Does reduced lighting improve medical outcomes in very low birth weight infants?
### Response:
| This randomized trial of continuous light reduction in the first few weeks of life for very low birth weight infants showed no effect on medical outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Does continuous enteral feeding have an attenuating effect on the exocrine pancreas in rats?
### Response:
| This study clearly indicates that CEF reduces the enzyme production of the pancreas. |
### Instruction:
Are raised serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels associated with destructive change in inflammatory arthritis?
### Response:
| These findings implicate the proangiogenic cytokine VEGF in the persistence of inflammatory arthritis, and support the hypothesis that expansion of the synovial vasculature is important for the development of joint destruction in RA. |
### Instruction:
Do antioxidants attenuate early up regulation of retinal vascular endothelial growth factor in streptozotocin-diabetic rats?
### Response:
| Oxidative stress is directly involved in up regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in the retina during early diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Does self-regulation training enhance dietary self-efficacy and dietary fiber consumption?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that dietary change requires active self-regulation of food intake. Combining goal setting and self-monitoring significantly enhances dietary behavior change. This strategy can easily be incorporated into nutrition education or counseling programs to enhance dietary behavior change. |
### Instruction:
Does vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF121 ) protect rats from renal infarction in thrombotic microangiopathy?
### Response:
| VEGF protects against renal necrosis in this model of thrombotic microangiopathy. This protection may be mediated by maintaining endothelial nitric oxide production and/or preventing endothelial cell death. |
### Instruction:
Do cSF thyrotropin-releasing hormone concentrations differ in patients with schizoaffective disorder from patients with schizophrenia or mood disorders?
### Response:
| These results provide further evidence for a neuromodulatory role for TRH and suggest a re-examination of its behavioral effects and interactions with brain neurotransmitter systems relevant to major psychotic and mood disorders. |
### Instruction:
Does sodium cromoglycate attenuate pulmonary inflammation without influencing bronchial responsiveness in healthy subjects exposed to organic dust?
### Response:
| Sodium cromoglycate alters the airway inflammatory response to inhaled organic dust without influencing the dust-induced increase in bronchial responsiveness to methacholine. |
### Instruction:
Is saline-irrigated , cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation an effective technique to perform the maze procedure?
### Response:
| The SICTRA appeared to be an effective technique to perform the Maze procedure. |
### Instruction:
Does 12/15-Lipoxygenase gene disruption attenuate atherogenesis in LDL receptor-deficient mice?
### Response:
| 12/15-LO plays a dominant role in promoting atherogenesis in LDL-R(-/-) mice. |
### Instruction:
Do peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activators inhibit cardiac hypertrophy in cardiac myocytes?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that PPARgamma activators inhibit cardiac hypertrophy in cardiac myocytes and suggest that PPARgamma activators may regulate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy at least partially through the NF-kappaB pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does gelatin sheet incorporating basic fibroblast growth factor enhance healing of devascularized sternum in diabetic rats?
### Response:
| A gelatin sheet that incorporates bFGF may offset sternal ischemia and accelerate sternal bone regeneration and healing, even in diabetic patients. |
### Instruction:
Does overexpression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist provide cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with reduction in apoptosis?
### Response:
| IL-1ra introduced by gene transfection protected myocardium from I/R injury by attenuating the inflammatory response, which was associated with decreased apoptosis. This suggests a potentially important role of IL-1/IL-1ra in myocardial I/R injury and the value of IL-1ra-gene therapy for myocardial preservation. |
### Instruction:
Does heat shock protein 70 gene transfection protect mitochondrial and ventricular function against ischemia-reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| HSP70 upregulation protects mitochondrial function after ischemia-reperfusion injury; this was associated with improved preservation of ventricular function. Protection of mitochondrial function may be important in the development of future cardioprotective strategies. |
### Instruction:
Does cardiac surgery increase the activity of matrix metalloproteinases and nitric oxide synthase in human hearts?
### Response:
| Cardiopulmonary bypass activates enzymes mediating acute inflammation and organ injury (ie, nitric oxide synthase, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and matrix metalloproteinase-2). Decreased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 expression allows relatively unopposed increases in matrix metalloproteinase tissue activity. We postulate that these changes play a role in the pathogenesis of heart dysfunction after bypass surgery. |
### Instruction:
Does nonspecific human IgG reduce survival in neonatal rats infected with Escherichia coli?
### Response:
| IVIG contained (1) nonspecific antibodies that reduced survival in neonatal rats infected with E. coli and (2) protective anti-E. coli antibodies that enhanced survival in neonatal rats infected with E. coli. We speculate that in clinical trials of IVIG to treat or prevent neonatal sepsis, inconsistent results may be caused, in part, by lot-to-lot variations in the ratio of immunosuppressive, nonspecific antibodies to protective, specific antibodies. |
### Instruction:
Does aspirin treatment improve bladder function after outlet obstruction in rabbits?
### Response:
| Low-dose aspirin has a small but significant protective effect on the contractile dysfunction induced by bladder outlet obstruction in rabbits, although the increase in bladder mass was not altered. Bladders of the same weight showed improved responses to all forms of stimulation after pretreatment with aspirin. Already used by millions of patients with heart diseases, aspirin could be a useful protection against contractile dysfunction of the obstructed bladder. |
### Instruction:
Is germline sequence variant S836S in the RET proto-oncogene associated with low level predisposition to sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma in the Spanish population?
### Response:
| Germline RET S836S variant is associated with a two- to three-fold risk of sporadic MTC in the Spanish population, in accordance with a previous study based on German cases. Our observations suggest that this phenomenon might be universal and not limited to Germany. |
### Instruction:
Does complete surgical lymph node resection prevent authentic recurrences of medullary thyroid carcinoma?
### Response:
| 3.3% of patients not cured at the last visit had a recurrent MTC. This recurrence occurred whatever the stage, and even if the primary surgery for MTC was a priori complete. These results emphasize the need for a regular biochemical follow-up because recurrence may appear many years after the initial surgery. |
### Instruction:
Does the metabolic syndrome influence the risk of chronic complications in patients with type II diabetes?
### Response:
| Although chronic hyperglycaemia is the main predictor of microvascular complications in patients with Type II diabetes, this risk is modified by some of the components of the metabolic syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Is maternal stress associated with bacterial vaginosis in human pregnancy?
### Response:
| High levels of chronic stress during pregnancy are associated with bacterial vaginosis. The effect of chronic maternal stress is independent of the effects of other established sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors for BV. |
### Instruction:
Do soluble cerebrospinal fluid factors induce Ca2+ dysregulation in rat cultured cortical astrocytes in HIV-1-associated dementia complex?
### Response:
| Our data strongly confirm the hypothesis that CSF samples of HADC patients contain soluble factors which interfere with the function of astrocytes. These factors may include HIV-1 proteins, locally released cytokines or neurotoxins. |
### Instruction:
Is antifibrotic effect of silymarin in rat secondary biliary fibrosis mediated by downregulation of procollagen alpha1 ( I ) and TIMP-1?
### Response:
| Silymarin suppresses expression of profibrogenic procollagen alpha1(I) and TIMP-1 most likely via downregulation of TGFbeta1 mRNA in rats with biliary fibrosis. The serum procollagen type III propeptide level mirrors profibrogenic mRNA expression in the liver. |
### Instruction:
Is hypertension status the major determinant of carotid atherosclerosis : a community-based study in Taiwan?
### Response:
| Hypertension strongly influence carotid atherosclerosis. Our findings reinforce the hypothesis that hypertension has a major role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Are renin containing cells present predominantly in scarred areas but not in dysplastic regions in multicystic dysplastic kidney?
### Response:
| Our observations suggest that multicystic dysplastic kidney may have the ability to produce renin. Renin producing cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of mature glomeruli and interlobular arteries in the scarred areas may be the predominant source of renin production in this organ. |
### Instruction:
Are circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates an early marker of acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Circulating MPA are an early marker of AMI. |
### Instruction:
Do abundant protein domains occur in proportion to proteome size?
### Response:
| Many conserved domains occur as a constant proportion of proteome size across the five sequenced eukaryotic genomes. This raises the possibility that this proportion is maintained because of functional constraints on interacting domains. The universality of the ratio in the five eukaryotic genomes attests to its potential importance. |
### Instruction:
Do a functional update of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome?
### Response:
| Much knowledge has been gained about functions encoded by the E. coli K-12 genome since the 1997 annotation was published. The data presented here should be useful for analysis of E. coli gene products as well as gene products encoded by other genomes. |
### Instruction:
Does atrioventricular plane displacement correlate closely to circulatory dimensions but not to ejection fraction in normal young subjects?
### Response:
| In the subjects studied, with a range of normal cardiac dimensions, AVPD correlated to stroke volume, end-diastolic volume and maximal oxygen consumption per body weight, but not to EF. On theoretical grounds, it also seems reasonable that a dimension like AVPD is related to other cardiac dimensions and volumes, rather than to a fraction, like EF. AVPD is one parameter that is useful for evaluation of left ventricular systolic function but is not interchangeable with other measurements such as EF. |
### Instruction:
Are hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency : acylcarnitine profiles in blood spots highly specific?
### Response:
| ESI-MS/MS provides a highly specific acylcarnitine profile from dried-blood samples. The ratio of free carnitine to the sum of palmitoylcarnitine and stearoylcarnitine [C0/(C16 + C18)] is highly specific for CPT-I deficiency and may allow presymptomatic diagnosis. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha improve postischemic recovery of hypertrophied hearts?
### Response:
| TNF-alpha is expressed in myocardium during compensated pressure-overload hypertrophy and contributes to postischemic myocardial dysfunction. Inhibition of TNF-alpha signaling significantly improves postischemic contractile function, myocardial energetics, and intracellular calcium handling. |
### Instruction:
Is activation of procollagenases a key control point in cartilage collagen degradation : interaction of serine and metalloproteinase pathways?
### Response:
| The activation of procollagenases is a key control point in cartilage collagen breakdown, and serine proteinase pathways activate MMPs. |
### Instruction:
Is % HRmax target heart rate dependent on heart rate performance curve deflection?
### Response:
| From our data, we conclude that target training HR detected by means of the %HRmax method may be overestimated in cases where the HR response is not regular, as it was found in many of our subjects. |
### Instruction:
Is dinucleotide repeat polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene associated with diabetic nephropathy?
### Response:
| These results indicate that the patients with A21 allele of the MMP-9 gene may be protected from the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Thus, the microsatellite polymorphism upstream of the MMP-9 gene could be a useful genetic marker for diabetic nephropathy. |
### Instruction:
Does omapatrilat normalize renal function curve in spontaneously hypertensive rats?
### Response:
| These results indicate that chronic treatment with omapatrilat normalizes blood pressure in SHR without affecting adversely the renal ability to eliminate a sodium load. Chronic treatment with omapatrilat resets the chronic pressure natriuresis relationship of the SHR to a normal level, thus without altering the normal salt-independence of this arterial hypertension model. |
### Instruction:
Does treatment with irbesartan or atenolol improve endothelial function in essential hypertension?
### Response:
| The present study shows that 3 months of antihypertensive therapy with irbesartan or atenolol improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. |
### Instruction:
Are alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists neuroprotective in experimental models of glaucoma?
### Response:
| Having demonstrated that: a. the specific receptor target of brimonidine is located in the retina, which is important for optic neuroprotection, b. the agent shows neuroprotective ability in animal models, c. pharmacological concentrations of the drug can be reached in the retina, clinical trial has been initiated to determine whether brimonidine is neuroprotective in patients with nonarteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy. |
### Instruction:
Are expression of IL-18 mRNA and secretion of IL-18 reduced in monocytes from patients with atopic dermatitis?
### Response:
| Decreased IL-18 production, together with a significantly reduced IL-18 and ICE mRNA expression in unstimulated monocytes and elevated PGE(2) secretion from PBMCs, was associated with the pathogenesis of AD. |
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