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### Instruction: Is benefits of magnesium in acute myocardial infarction : timing crucial? ### Response:
The serum magnesium levels in patients with AMI were lower compared with controls. The administration of intravenous magnesium to patients in the immediate postinfarction period is cardioprotective and decreases the incidence of arrhythmia, pump dysfunction, and death. Thus intravenous magnesium is a safe, effective, and inexpensive modality of treatment in AMI.
### Instruction: Does synovial fluid glycosaminoglycan concentration correlate with severity of chondropathy or predict progression of osteoarthritis in a canine cruciate deficiency model? ### Response:
SF concentration of a cartilage derived molecule is unlikely to predict the course of cartilage damage in an OA joint over time or in response to treatment with a potential disease modifying OA drug.
### Instruction: Is ultradian rapid cycling in prepubertal and early adolescent bipolarity in transmission disequilibrium with val/met COMT alleles? ### Response:
The lack of linkage disequilibrium between l-COMT and ultradian rapid cycling in the PEA-BP sample compared to reported findings of an association in case-control studies of adults is discussed in terms of age-specific developmentally relevant phenotypes, anticipatory mechanisms, and heterogeneity. Repeat TDT analyses after these PEA-BP probands reach their adult phenotypes will be informative.
### Instruction: Does human chorionic gonadotropin with C-elongated alpha-subunit retain full receptor binding and partial agonist activity? ### Response:
The extension of alpha by itself does not lead to inhibition of the alphabeta heterodimer to LH receptors but the structure of the extension appears to play an important role. It is thus possible that one-chain hCG chimeras with the beta N-terminus fused to the alpha C-terminus might be active.
### Instruction: Does mycophenolic acid-induced GTP depletion also affect ATP and pyrimidine synthesis in mitogen-stimulated primary human T-lymphocytes? ### Response:
MPA affects pyrimidine as well as purine responses to mitogens in T-lymphocytes, but not in an integrated way. The molecular mechanisms underlying these disproportionate changes can best be explained by MPA-related inhibition of amidophosphoribosyltransferase, catalysing the first step in purine biosynthesis. This would increase phosphoribosylpyrophosphate availability, thereby stimulating UTP biosynthesis. Such imbalances, coupled with ATP-depletion, could underlie reported side effects and might be overcome by appropriate combination therapies.
### Instruction: Does in vivo T-cell depletion enhance production of anti-GALalpha1,3GAL natural antibodies in alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient mice? ### Response:
In vivo T-cell depletion facilitates anti-Gal IgM production, suggesting that T cells deliver inhibitory signals to B cells responding to Gal.
### Instruction: Is synovial fluid lymphocyte proliferation in response to crude microbial antigens useful as a diagnostic test to specifically indicate a bacterial cause of arthritis? ### Response:
Our findings show that a lymphocyte proliferation assay with SFMC with whole fraction bacteria is not an adequate diagnostic tool to confirm bacterial involvement in inflammatory arthritis.
### Instruction: Does the flow rate significantly influence the leukocyte depletion rate during prestorage in-line filtration of platelet concentrates? ### Response:
The filter system Sepacell PLX-5 BPS proved to be suitable for in-line filtration of platelet concentrates prior to storage. Filtration flow rates of up to 40 ml/min allowed efficient leukocyte depletion without significant loss in the quality of the platelet concentrates and the platelet function in vitro.
### Instruction: Does variation in axillary node dissection influence the degree of nodal involvement in breast cancer patients? ### Response:
Variations in the level of axillary node dissection for breast cancer can result in significant changes in the number of positive axillary nodes. This can potentially bias adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations if treatment decisions are based on this prognostic factor.
### Instruction: Is a newly created splice donor site in exon 25 of the MyBP-C gene responsible for inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with incomplete disease penetrance? ### Response:
Penetrance of this mutation was incomplete and age-dependent. The large number of asymptomatic carriers and the good prognosis support the interpretation of benign disease.
### Instruction: Does childhood injuries and deaths due to fall from windows? ### Response:
Injuries from falls from windows are a public health problem in Hamilton County, Ohio, especially for young, urban children.
### Instruction: Do quantitative 15 steps exercise oximetry as a marker of disease severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? ### Response:
In patients with severe COPD, arterial hypoxemia during exercise can be assessed by simple 15 steps oximetry. This method can serve both as a marker for disease severity and to determine the need for oxygen supplementation.
### Instruction: Do cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors ameliorate the severity of experimental colitis in rats? ### Response:
The effective nimesulide and SC-236-induced amelioration of the severity of the colitis in acetic acid and iodoacetamide-treated rats confirms the role of eicosanoids in their pathogenesis and suggests that COX-2 inhibitors may be of value in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
### Instruction: Is infection with virulent strains of Helicobacter pylori associated with ischaemic heart disease : evidence from a population-based case-control study of myocardial infarction? ### Response:
Infection with the more virulent strains of H. pylori, as with all strains, is not associated with myocardial infarction.
### Instruction: Is hypertonic saline attenuation of polymorphonuclear neutrophil cytotoxicity : timing everything? ### Response:
The timing of HTS is a key variable in the attenuation of PMN cytotoxic functions. Maximal attenuation of cytotoxicity is achieved before priming, whereas HTS exposure after activation augments cytotoxicity.
### Instruction: Does an immune-enhancing enteral diet reduce mortality rate and episodes of bacteremia in septic intensive care unit patients? ### Response:
Immune-enhancing enteral nutrition resulted in a significant reduction in the mortality rate and infection rate in septic patients admitted to the ICU. These reductions were greater for patients with less severe illness.
### Instruction: Does [ 10 year result with a cemented fine-grit-blasted titanium-aluminum-vanadium hip endoprosthesis shaft ]? ### Response:
Our findings with a cemented mild grid blasted Titanium-Aluminum-Vanadium stem demonstrate excellent results unlike it was reported for cemented femoral components of similar alloy but different design and cementation philosophy.
### Instruction: Is there substantial nuclear and cellular disintegration before detectable phosphatidylserine exposure during the camptothecin-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells? ### Response:
During CAM-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells, the external exposure of PS can either precede or follow DNA cleavage, which suggests that PS exposure is not always an indicator of early apoptosis.
### Instruction: Does the luminal short-chain fatty acid butyrate modulate NF-kappaB activity in a human colonic epithelial cell line? ### Response:
These findings suggest that the influences of butyrate on colonic inflammatory responses may result in part from its influence on NF-kappaB activation. This activity of butyrate apparently involves its ability to inhibit deacetylases.
### Instruction: Does intravenous pantoprazole rapidly control gastric acid hypersecretion in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome? ### Response:
Intravenous pantoprazole, 160-240 mg/day administered in divided doses by 15-minute infusion, rapidly and effectively controlled acid output within 1 hour and maintained control for up to 7 days in all ZES patients.
### Instruction: Is epithelium-dependent bronchodilatory activity preserved in pig bronchioles after normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass? ### Response:
Normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass does not result in epithelial dysfunction in pigs. Epithelium-dependent and epithelium-independent bronchodilators may be equally effective before and after cardiopulmonary bypass.
### Instruction: Are children goldfish -- mark/recapture techniques and their application to injury data? ### Response:
This typical example of two sample mark/recapture estimation in an epidemiological setting can be shown to violate virtually all the requirements for valid use of the technique. Very little can be deduced accurately about the scale or characteristics of an unobserved group by the use of mark/recapture applied to two overlapping health event registers.
### Instruction: Does stent design favorably influence the vascular response in normal porcine coronary arteries? ### Response:
The arterial response to a balloon-expandable stent can be favorably influenced by computer-assisted modification of design in an experimental model. Further study is warranted to determine the impact of stent design upon clinical in-stent restenosis.
### Instruction: Do veteran athletes exercise at higher maximum heart rates than are achieved during standard exercise ( stress ) testing? ### Response:
Maximal HR in veteran athletes during specific sporting activities was significantly higher than that attained during a routine sECG. This finding was not sport-specific, nor was it related to the level of competitiveness of the trial participants. These data show that a routine sECG is a submaximal test of exercise performance, and should be interpreted as such.
### Instruction: Is b lymphopenia in uremia related to an accelerated in vitro apoptosis and dysregulation of Bcl-2? ### Response:
Our data indicate that B lymphopenia in CRF may be partially attributed to an increased susceptibility to cell death by apoptosis that is associated with a decreased expression of Bcl-2.
### Instruction: Does intradialytic glucose infusion increase polysulphone membrane permeability and post-dilutional haemodiafiltration performances? ### Response:
We conclude that intravenous glucose administration during high-flux HDF using polysulphone membranes increases significantly both ultrafiltration capacity and dialysis dose delivery.
### Instruction: Is galectin 1 involved in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation? ### Response:
Gal-1 binding to SMCs was stronger than to ECM, although ECM of atherosclerotic blood vessels contained additional ECM proteins which bound to Gal-1. Gal-1 was upregulated during SMC growth and Gal FP enhanced serum-induced DNA synthesis in SMCs. Overall, Gal-1 upregulation is likely to provide a reinforcement of serum-induced events during vascular injury.
### Instruction: Do t cells expressing the gamma delta T cell receptor induce apoptosis in cardiac myocytes? ### Response:
These studies demonstrate that T cells expressing the gamma delta TcR are more effective mediators of myocyte apoptosis than alpha beta+ T cells in vitro and suggests that these effectors may be primarily responsible for myocardial injury associated with dilated cardiomyopathy-like signs during coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis.
### Instruction: Does youth perceptions of comprehensive adolescent health services through the Boston happen program? ### Response:
Qualitative evaluations such as this give a voice to youth to advocate for services they need. By including youth ideas and perspectives during program development and implementation, services can be more attractive to groups of at-risk youth who historically have been less likely to seek care.
### Instruction: Is area under the serum creatinine time-curve a strong predictor of chronic renal allograft rejection? ### Response:
To reduce the risk of developing chronic rejection after renal transplantation acute rejection episodes during the first 3 months should be avoided as much as possible.
### Instruction: Is early increased chemokine expression and production in murine allogeneic skin grafts mediated by natural killer cells? ### Response:
Early chemokine mRNA expression and protein production in allogeneic skin grafts is amplified by recipient natural killer (NK) cells. These results indicate a novel function for infiltrating NK cells in mediating early increased intra-allograft chemokine production and inflammation during the initiation of acute rejection.
### Instruction: Is lubricin a product of megakaryocyte stimulating factor gene expression by human synovial fibroblasts? ### Response:
Lubricin is secreted by synovial fibroblasts via expression of the MSF gene. Lubricin is constructed of MSF exons 6 through 9 but the presence of other exons cannot be excluded. Lubricin/MSF is the only lubricating component in the final lubricating fraction of human synovial fluid.
### Instruction: Do igG antibodies to type II collagen reflect inflammatory activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? ### Response:
Increased IgG anti-CII in sera and SF in RA correlated directly with acute phase reactants and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6. Our data suggest that IgG anti-CII could reflect inflammatory activity with a potential to destroy cartilage in the early stages of RA.
### Instruction: Is methylation of the estrogen receptor-alpha gene promoter selectively increased in proliferating human aortic smooth muscle cells? ### Response:
Our data support the concept that the genome of aortic smooth muscle cells is responsive to environmental conditions, and that DNA methylation, in particular methylation of the ERalpha, could contribute to the switch in phenotype observed in these cells.
### Instruction: Does sphingosine 1-phosphate induce sinus tachycardia and coronary vasoconstriction in the canine heart? ### Response:
These results may provide a clue to better understanding the physiological as well as the pathophysiological regulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate in the heart.
### Instruction: Is response to methotrexate in early rheumatoid arthritis associated with a decrease of T cell derived tumour necrosis factor alpha , increase of interleukin 10 , and predicted by the initial concentration of interleukin 4? ### Response:
During treatment of RA with MTX the percentage of TNFalpha producing T cells decreases whereas that of IL10 producing T cells increases. This may affect macrophage activation and, therefore, may represent a regulatory mechanism relevant to disease remission. Furthermore, the percentage of IL4 positive CD4(+) T cells at disease onset may be a useful prognostic marker.
### Instruction: Do psychiatric symptoms and distress differ between patients with postherpetic neuralgia and peripheral vestibular disease? ### Response:
These results suggest that the psychiatric symptoms of patients with PHN are distinct from nonspecific acute distress and may be related to the experience of suffering from chronic neuropathic pain. Patients with PHN may not meet criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis, but their psychiatric comorbidity places them at substantial risk for increased pain, suicidal ideation, sustained disability, and the numerous complications of excessive medical evaluation and treatment. Patients with PHN should be evaluated specifically for psychiatric symptoms to reduce potential negative consequences through appropriate treatment.
### Instruction: Is depression strongly associated with alexithymia in the general population? ### Response:
These results suggest that alexithymia has a close relationship to depression in the general population. The impact of social factors on alexithymia may be primarily explained by depression. Depression must be taken into account as a confounding factor when studying alexithymia in general populations due to the strong association between alexithymia and depression.
### Instruction: Do endothelin-dependent effects limit flow-induced dilation of conductance coronary vessels after blockade of nitric oxide formation in conscious dogs? ### Response:
ETA receptor-mediated effects limit flow-dependent dilation of large epicardial coronary arteries in conscious dogs. Suppression of the L-arginine/NO-dependent pathway with L-NAME reveals significant ET-dependent effects.
### Instruction: Is optimal debulking surgery an independent prognostic factor in patients with FIGO IIIC primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma? ### Response:
To improve survival of patients with FIGO stage IIIC epithelial ovarian carcinoma, optimal debulking surgery should be performed as the initial form of surgical intervention.
### Instruction: Does resection with cryotherapy of colorectal hepatic metastases have the same survival as hepatic resection alone? ### Response:
Edge and contralobe cryotherapy can be combined with hepatic resection to allow a greater proportion of patients with hepatic colorectal metastases to be offered treatment, and results in similar survival figures comparable to hepatic resection for at least 3 years.
### Instruction: Is treatment of established tumor associated with ICAM-1 upregulation and reversed by CD8 depletion in a tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene transfected mouse mammary tumor? ### Response:
Highly significant in vivo tumor growth inhibition and immune protection after injection with TNF-alpha-transfected tumors appears to be mediated predominantly by CD8+ T cells and ICAM-1 upregulation. These findings suggest that TNF-alpha increases recruitment and adhesion of effector T cells.
### Instruction: Does specific angiotensin II receptor blockage improve intestinal perfusion during graded hypovolemia in pigs? ### Response:
Specific AT1 blockade before acute hypovolemia significantly ameliorated mesenteric and, in particular, jejunal mucosal hypoperfusion. In addition, cardiovascular stability was improved, and mortality in conjunction with acute hypovolemia and retransfusion could be completely avoided. These findings support a fundamental role of the renin-angiotensin system in the mesenteric response to acute hypovolemia and indicate a substantial interventional potential for candesartan in conjunction with circulatory stress.
### Instruction: Does paroxetine affect metoprolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy volunteers? ### Response:
Multiple-dose paroxetine intake affects both metoprolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and suggests that when paroxetine is added to an ongoing metoprolol therapy, caution is warranted and a reduction of the metoprolol dose may be required to prevent undesired adverse effects.
### Instruction: Does right atrial pressure predict hemodynamic response to apneic positive airway pressure? ### Response:
Apneic positive Paw decreased cardiac output mainly by reducing venous return. From the investigated filling variables, RAP was most sensitive in predicting the hemodynamic response, followed by PAOP and right ventricular EDVI. Patients with RAP < or =10 mm Hg, if subjected to aggressive positive pressure ventilation, are at risk of hemodynamic deterioration and organ hypoperfusion.
### Instruction: Does incentive spirometry enhance recovery after thoracic surgery? ### Response:
Pulmonary complications after lung and esophagus surgery were relatively low. The addition of IS to PT did not further reduce pulmonary complications or hospital stay. Although we cannot rule out beneficial effects in a subgroup of high-risk patients, routine use of IS after thoracic surgery seems to be ineffective.
### Instruction: Does molecular characterization of HHV-8 positive primary effusion lymphoma reveal pathogenetic and histogenetic features of the disease? ### Response:
PEL associates with recurrent chromosomal alterations, suggesting that viral infection is not sufficient for tumor development and that lesions of cellular genes may be required. The expression of Met/HGF by PEL cells may bear implications for the lymphoma proliferation and growth pattern, since Met/HGF interactions influence cell mitogenesis and motogenesis. EBV infection in PEL displays a latency I phenotype and fails to associate with specific EBNA-1 variants, suggesting that the role of EBV in PEL is not mediated by the major transforming pathways currently known in EBV positive lymphomas.
### Instruction: Are memory disturbances in `` Ecstasy '' users correlated with an altered brain serotonin neurotransmission? ### Response:
Our preliminary results may indicate altered 5-HT neuronal function with correlated memory impairment in abstinent MDMA users.
### Instruction: Is amphetamine-induced activation of forebrain EEG prevented by noradrenergic beta-receptor blockade in the halothane-anesthetized rat? ### Response:
These observations indicate that, under these experimental conditions, AMPH-induced activation of the forebrain is dependent on actions of noradrenergic beta-receptors. Combined with previous observations, these observations support the hypothesis that AMPH-induced increases in arousal involve noradrenergic neurotransmission at beta-receptors.
### Instruction: Does lactose enhance calcium bioavailability in lactose-tolerant , healthy adults? ### Response:
Lactose does not have a beneficial effect on calcium bioavailability in lactose-tolerant adults.
### Instruction: Are postprandial chylomicrons and VLDLs in severe hypertriacylglycerolemia lowered more effectively than are chylomicron remnants after treatment with n-3 fatty acids? ### Response:
n-3 Fatty acids effectively lower chylomicrons and VLDLs, but their effect on chylomicron remnants was observed only in the late postprandial phase.
### Instruction: Is thigh adipose tissue distribution associated with insulin resistance in obesity and in type 2 diabetes mellitus? ### Response:
SFAT and IMAT are markers of IR in obesity and DM although they are much smaller than SCAT, which does not predict IR. Muscle composition reflecting increased fat content is also associated with IR.
### Instruction: Does age influence early and late tumor-related outcome for bronchogenic carcinoma? ### Response:
Perioperative risk and midterm survival were similar in younger and older patients after surgical resection of bronchogenic carcinoma. We believe that this result is because surgical candidates constitute already a highly selected group of patients. From these data it is not possible to conclude that biologic behavior of lung cancer is more aggressive in younger patients.
### Instruction: Is overexpression of the 27 KDa heat shock protein associated with thermoresistance and chemoresistance but not with radioresistance? ### Response:
It is concluded that the mechanisms responsible for hsp27-mediated heat and drug resistance are not involved in radioprotection.
### Instruction: Does propofol directly depress lumbar dorsal horn neuronal responses to noxious stimulation in goats? ### Response:
These data indicate that propofol has a direct depressant effect on dorsal horn neuronal responses to noxious stimulation, with little or no indirect supraspinal effect.
### Instruction: Do iL-10 and antibodies to TGF-beta2 and PDGF inhibit RPE-mediated retinal contraction? ### Response:
These findings confirm a role for both PDGF and TGF-beta2 in RPE cell-mediated contraction of the retina. Such contraction can be inhibited by neutralizing antibodies against PDGF and TGF-beta2, which, together with IL-10, are putative candidates for therapeutic intervention in PVR.
### Instruction: Do an update in the palliative management of malignant dysphagia? ### Response:
Palliative treatment for oesophageal cancer should be individualized and relate to tumour stage, size and location, the patient's medical condition and his/her personal wishes. The palliative treatment largely includes self-expanding metal stents (SEMS), laser (including photodynamic therapy (PDT)) or a combination of the two to relieve symptoms, this may be employed with or without other treatments such as radiotherapy/chemotherapy (RT/CT) with the aim of reducing tumour bulk and possibly prolonging survival. A multi-disciplinary approach is vital in patients with advanced oesophageal cancer.
### Instruction: Does iCAM-1 deficiency suppress host allosensitization and rejection of MHC-disparate corneal transplants? ### Response:
Prolonged survival seen in MHC-mismatched grafts in ICAM-1-/- mice, along with a suppressed DTH response to donor alloantigens after transplantation, suggest that ICAM-1 is associated with recipient sensitization to MHC alloantigens.
### Instruction: Does induced-hyperglycemia attenuate erythromycin-induced acceleration of hypertonic liquid-phase gastric emptying in type-I diabetic patients? ### Response:
The erythromycin-induced acceleration on gastric emptying of hypertonic liquids in diabetic patients is related to the plasma glucose level. The induced hyperglycemia reduces the erythromycin-induced acceleration of liquid-phase gastric emptying, decreasing the overall gastric emptying rate. In spite of the inhibitory effect of induced hyperglycemia on the gastric emptying of hypertonic liquids, erythromycin is still able to accelerate the emptying rate and could prove to be a useful prokinetic agent under hyperglycemic conditions.
### Instruction: Do aged mice exhibit greater mortality concomitant to increased brain and plasma TNF-alpha levels following intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide? ### Response:
These results suggest that the age-related increases in TNF-alpha production and mortality following the intracerebroventricular administration of LPS may be due to an increased endotoxin hypersensitivity of brain microglia/macrophages within aged animals.
### Instruction: Does radiofrequency application to the posteroseptal region alter retrograde accessory pathway activation? ### Response:
Radiofrequency applications to the posteroseptal region can markedly alter retrograde atrial activation, thereby confounding further mapping of the accessory pathway.
### Instruction: Does off-pump bypass graft operation significantly reduce oxidative stress and inflammation? ### Response:
Off-pump coronary bypass graft operation on a beating heart significantly reduces oxidative stress and suppresses the inflammatory reaction associated with the use of CPB.
### Instruction: Does lazaroid reduce production of IL-8 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in ischemic spinal cord injury? ### Response:
Lazaroid U-74389G reduced the production of systemic IL-8 and -1ra and spinal IL-8 when AXC caused spinal cord injury. These results indicate that lazaroids may attenuate ischemic endothelial cell injury or activation of leukocytes.
### Instruction: Do organ system failures predict prognosis in critically ill patients with acute renal failure requiring dialysis? ### Response:
The mortality rate for intensive care unit patients with acute renal failure continues to be high. Multiple organ system failure occurs frequently and is the major cause of death. The mortality rate increases as the number of failed organs increases.
### Instruction: Does newborn circumcision decrease incidence and costs of urinary tract infections during the first year of life? ### Response:
Newborn circumcision results in a 9. 1-fold decrease in incidence of UTI during the first year of life as well as markedly lower UTI-related medical costs and rate of hospital admissions. Newborn circumcision during the first year of life is, thus, a valuable preventive health measure, particularly in the first 3 months of life, when uncircumcised males are most likely to be hospitalized with severe UTI.
### Instruction: Do elf-pulsed magnetic fields modulate opioid peptide gene expression in myocardial cells? ### Response:
The present findings demonstrate that an opioid gene is activated by myocyte exposure to PMF and that the cell nucleus and nuclear embedded PKC are a crucial target for the PMF action. Due to the wide ranging importance of opioid peptides in myocardial cell homeostasis, the current data may suggest consideration for potential biological effects of PMF in the cardiovascular system.
### Instruction: Are adenoma size and number predictive of adenoma recurrence : implications for surveillance colonoscopy? ### Response:
Patients with 1 or 2 adenomas all measuring less than 1 cm are an identified low risk group and their first surveillance examination may be delayed beyond the standard 3 years.
### Instruction: Do cell-surface estrogen receptors mediate calcium-dependent nitric oxide release in human endothelia? ### Response:
Physiological doses of estrogen immediately stimulate NO release from human endothelial cells through activation of a cell-surface estrogen receptor that is coupled to increases in intracellular calcium.
### Instruction: Does addition of inulin to breakfast acutely affect serum ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations? ### Response:
Fifteen grams of inulin in fresh cheese or with a calcium supplement (210 mg Ca) taken at breakfast does not acutely affect the markers of calcium metabolism as opposed to a corresponding breakfast without inulin.
### Instruction: Does ring annuloplasty prevent delayed leaflet coaptation and mitral regurgitation during acute left ventricular ischemia? ### Response:
Mitral annular area reduction and fixation with an annuloplasty ring eliminated delayed leaflet coaptation and prevented mitral regurgitation during acute left ventricular ischemia after ring implantation.
### Instruction: Is re-creation of sinuses important for sparing the aortic valve : a finite element study? ### Response:
Valve-sparing techniques that allow the potential for sinus space formation (tailored, pseudosinus) result in simulated leaflet stresses that are closer to normal than the cylindrical technique. Normalized leaflet stresses in the clinical setting may result in improved longevity of the spared valve.
### Instruction: Is spleno-renal shunt blood flow an accurate index of collateral circulation in different models of portal hypertension and after pharmacological changes in rats? ### Response:
Determination of SRSBF by TTU is an accurate way to measure collateral blood flow in different models of intra- and extra-hepatic portal hypertension in rats. Its sensitivity provides accurate measurement of pharmacological changes, unlike the traditional estimation of %PSS by the microsphere method.
### Instruction: Are serum laminin and type IV collagen accurate markers of histologically severe alcoholic hepatitis in patients with cirrhosis? ### Response:
In patients with cirrhosis, determination of serum Lam or CIV could represent a simple and accurate non-invasive method for identification of patients with histologically severe alcoholic hepatitis eligible for corticosteroid treatment.
### Instruction: Do cocaine abusers show a blunted response to alcohol intoxication in limbic brain regions? ### Response:
The blunted response to alcohol in cocaine abusers contrasts with their enhanced sensitivity to benzodiazepines suggesting that targets other than GABA-benzodiazepine receptors are involved in the blunted sensitivity to alcohol and that the toxicity from combined cocaine-alcohol use is not due to an enhanced sensitivity to alcohol in cocaine abusers. The blunted response to alcohol in limbic regions and in cortical regions connected to limbic areas could result from a decreased sensitivity of reward circuits in cocaine abusers.
### Instruction: Does bladder stretch alter urinary heparin-binding epidermal growth factor and antiproliferative factor in patients with interstitial cystitis? ### Response:
Bladder stretch increased HB-EGF and conversely reduced antiproliferative factor activity in urine from patients with interstitial cystitis but not controls up to 2 weeks after distention. These results provide additional evidence for the possible role of antiproliferative factor and decreased HB-EGF in the pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis. To our knowledge this is also the first human study to show that in vivo bladder stretch can alter urinary factors that regulate cell growth.
### Instruction: Is aPOE-epsilon4 associated with memory decline in cognitively impaired elderly? ### Response:
APOE-epsilon4 was associated with memory decline in subjects with cognitive impairment, but not in normally functioning subjects. Contrary to AD studies, our study suggests that the risk of APOE-epsilon4 on memory decline does not decrease at higher ages.
### Instruction: Are the rate and anisotropy of impulse propagation in the postnatal terminal crest correlated with remodeling of Cx43 gap junction pattern? ### Response:
This study provides the first correlative structure/function analysis of the relationship between the macroscopic conduction of impulse and the microscopic cellular organization of gap junctions in a differentiating cardiac bundle. Confirmation is provided for theoretical predictions which emphasize the importance of the cell-to-cell geometry of coupling in determining the spread and pattern of myocardial activation.
### Instruction: Does urodilatin limit acute reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart? ### Response:
These results indicate that reduced cGMP concentration may impair myocyte survival during reperfusion. Stimulation of particulate guanylyl cyclase may appear as a new strategy to prevent immediate lethal reperfusion injury.
### Instruction: Is protection of hearts from reperfusion injury by propofol associated with inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition? ### Response:
Propofol confers significant protection against global normothermic ischaemia and during cold cardioplegic arrest. This effect is associated with less opening of mitochondrial MPT pores, probably as a result of diminished oxidative stress. Propofol may be a useful adjunct to cardioplegic solutions in heart surgery.
### Instruction: Does slow N-acetyltransferase 2 genotype affect the incidence of isoniazid and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity? ### Response:
Slow NAT2* genotype significantly affected the development of INH + RMP-induced hepatotoxicity. This suggests the possibility that NAT2* genotyping prior to medication may be useful in evaluating patients with high risk for INH + RMP-induced hepatotoxicity.
### Instruction: Does abciximab reduce mortality in diabetics following percutaneous coronary intervention? ### Response:
Abciximab decreases the mortality of diabetic patients to the level of placebo-treated nondiabetic patients. This beneficial effect is noteworthy in those diabetic patients who are also hypertensive and obese and in diabetics undergoing multivessel intervention. Besides its potential role in reducing repeat intervention for stented diabetic patients, abciximab therapy should be strongly considered in diabetic patients undergoing PCI to improve their survival.
### Instruction: Does dietary vitamin B6 supplementation prevent ethanol-induced hypertension in rats? ### Response:
Dietary vitamin B6 supplementation prevented ethanol-induced hypertension and associated changes in WKY rats by normalizing tissue aldehyde conjugate levels.
### Instruction: Does low-dose radiotherapy selectively reduce adhesion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to endothelium in vitro? ### Response:
The anti-inflammatory effect of LD-RT might, in part, be due to the reduction in the adhesion of PBMC to EC. This reduction in adhesion might be a consequence of the reduced expression of L-selectin on the surface of PBMC, and the inhibition of adherence by soluble L-selectin shed by PBMC in vitro.
### Instruction: Is recovery from optic neuritis associated with a change in the distribution of cerebral response to visual stimulation : a functional magnetic resonance imaging study? ### Response:
The extraoccipital areas that were activated in patients all have extensive visual connections, and some have been proposed as sites of multimodal sensory integration. The results indicate a functional reorganisation of the cerebral response to simple visual stimuli after optic neuritis that may represent an adaptive response to a persistently abnormal input. Whether this is a necessary part of the recovery process remains to be determined.
### Instruction: Does ara-C affect formation of cancer cell DNA synthesome replication intermediates? ### Response:
Our results indicate that ara-C's action on DNA replication is mediated primarily through DNA polymerase alpha and suggest that this enzyme plays a key role in DNA synthetic initiation events. The results also provide definitive support for the use of the DNA synthesome as a unique and powerful model for analyzing the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs which directly affect DNA replication.
### Instruction: Does the mechanism of formation of bony spur ( enthesophytes ) in the achilles tendon? ### Response:
Bony spurs can develop in the Achilles tendon without the need for preceding microtears or any inflammatory reaction, and they form by endochondral ossification of enthesis fibrocartilage. The increased surface area created at the tendon-bone junction may be an adaptive mechanism to ensure the integrity of the interface in response to increased mechanical loads.
### Instruction: Do antioxidants attenuate myocyte apoptosis in the remote non-infarcted myocardium following large myocardial infarction? ### Response:
Long-term treatment with the antioxidants probucol and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate attenuates oxidative stress, myocyte apoptosis, caspase-3 like activity and the expression of p53, bax and caspase-3 within RM in rats after a large myocardial infarction.
### Instruction: Does inhibition of endogenous nitric oxide synthase potentiate ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial apoptosis via a caspase-3 dependent pathway? ### Response:
The results of the present study demonstrate that inhibition of endogenous NO synthesis during ischemia and reperfusion leads to an enhanced induction of apoptosis, suggesting that the endogenous NO synthesis protects against apoptotic cell death. Inhibition of NO synthesis thereby activates the caspase cascade, whereas the Bcl-2/Bax protein levels remained unchanged.
### Instruction: Does tumor necrosis factor-alpha induce apoptosis via inducible nitric oxide synthase in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes? ### Response:
TNF alpha induces apoptosis via iNOS expression and NO production in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes.
### Instruction: Does a blood-prostate barrier restrict cell and molecular movement across the rat ventral prostate epithelium? ### Response:
Our findings demonstrate a blood-prostate barrier in the rat ventral prostate with characteristics similar to the blood-testis barrier. This blood-prostate barrier is not affected by LPS-induced acute inflammation. Further, this persistent barrier apparently restricts the passage of leukocytes into prostate DF even in the presence of pronounced interstitial inflammation. This observation may help to explain the observation that expressed prostatic secretions in human males are often free of leukocytes in clinical prostatitis.
### Instruction: Do heparin-coated circuits prevent renal dysfunction after open heart surgery? ### Response:
HC circuits and low-dose heparin can be used to maintain renal function after cardiopulmonary bypass, even in patients with severe kidney disease.
### Instruction: Is intracavernous alprostadil alfadex ( EDEX/VIRIDAL ) effective and safe in patients with erectile dysfunction after failing sildenafil ( Viagra )? ### Response:
Alprostadil alfadex therapy can be used effectively and safely in men who fail initial therapy with sildenafil.
### Instruction: Is glucose intolerance predicted by low insulin secretion and high glucagon secretion : outcome of a prospective study in postmenopausal Caucasian women? ### Response:
Low insulin secretion, when judged in relation to insulin sensitivity, and high glucagon secretion, determine glucose tolerance over time in the individual subject. These processes are therefore potential targets for prevention of deterioration in glucose tolerance.
### Instruction: Is a genetic variation in the 5 ' flanking region of the UCP3 gene associated with body mass index in humans in interaction with physical activity? ### Response:
The C-->T polymorphism in the 5' sequences of the UCP3 gene might contribute to the corpulence in obese and normal weight subjects and alter the benefit of physical activity. The UCP3 gene can be considered as a gene modifying corpulence.
### Instruction: Does endotoxemia augment neurogenic plasma exudation in guinea pig lungs? ### Response:
LPS augments neurogenic plasma exudation partly through NK-1 receptors to increase vascular permeability and partly via the generation of oxidative metabolites. Tachykinins released from nerve endings may contribute to endotoxin-related pulmonary inflammatory responses.
### Instruction: Are maternal serum levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor associated with adverse pregnancy outcome? ### Response:
This study suggests that absolute levels and relative changes in maternal serum M-CSF levels during pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
### Instruction: Is iL-8 an angiogenic factor in human coronary atherectomy tissue? ### Response:
The results suggest that, in human coronary atherosclerosis, IL-8 is an important mediator of angiogenesis and may contribute to plaque formation via its angiogenic properties.
### Instruction: Does ten weeks of rapid ventricular pacing create a long-term model of left ventricular dysfunction? ### Response:
Ten weeks of rapid ventricular pacing creates a long-term model of left ventricular dysfunction.
### Instruction: Are the early response genes c-jun and HSP-70 induced in regional cardiac stunning in conscious mammals? ### Response:
The induction of early-response genes observed here may indicate that they play an adaptive role in myocardial stunning, even in conscious mammals.
### Instruction: Is paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines associated with increased caspase-3 activity? ### Response:
Paclitaxel induces apoptosis in lung cancer cell lines, as assessed by a consistent increase in caspase-3 activity, DNA laddering, and characteristic morphologic changes. Paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells is associated with caspase-3 activation but is not Fas dependent.