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### Instruction: Does preservation of the right atrial appendage improve reduced plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels after the maze procedure? ### Response:
The present study showed that preservation of the right atrial appendage lessens the decrease of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels after the maze procedure and that increased plasma atrial natriuretic peptides may improve the ability of the kidneys to excrete the fluid load after the operation.
### Instruction: Are cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis : K-ras mutations and Tp53 dysfunction implicated in the neoplastic development? ### Response:
We conclude that K-ras mutations and p53 dysfunction are implicated in tumorigenesis of cholangiocarcinomas arising in PSC patients and that these abnormalities together with increased Ki-67 index may indicate neoplastic progression of bile ducts in these patients.
### Instruction: Does aqueous humor stimulate the migration of human trabecular meshwork cells in vitro? ### Response:
Aqueous humor contains potentially powerful chemoattractants for trabecular meshwork cells. The activity of one of these constituents, fibronectin, has been accounted for by this study. Glaucomatous aqueous appears to be as good and in some cases a better migratory stimulant than nonglaucomatous aqueous in vitro. The migratory evidence points to a trend that may help to explain cell loss in the aging meshwork and possibly some of the extra loss in primary open-angle glaucoma.
### Instruction: Does synthetic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases ( batimastat ) reduce prostate cancer growth in an orthotopic rat model? ### Response:
Batimastat is able to reduce tumor growth in the standard prostate cancer model. Using this model, activity against cancer progression of future inhibitory agents can be reliably assessed.
### Instruction: Are ornithine decarboxylase activity and its gene expression increased in benign hyperplastic prostate? ### Response:
The findings imply that 1) the increased ODC activity and polyamine content in prostatic tissue may correlate with the pathogenesis of BPH, and 2) the high level of ODC activity is induced by the overexpression of ODC mRNA.
### Instruction: Do line bisection judgments implicate right parietal cortex and cerebellum as assessed by fMRI? ### Response:
The right hemispheric dominance observed in inferior parietal cortex is consistent with the results of lesion studies. Right superior parietal cortex, vermis, and left cerebellar hemisphere have not been implicated in neglect, but all appear to play a cognitive role in the Landmark task.
### Instruction: Is retinal maturation delayed by repeated , but not single , maternal injections of betamethasone in sheep? ### Response:
Repeated maternal administration of corticosteroid may affect retinal maturation in the fetus.
### Instruction: Does ethnomedical aspects of the commonly used toothbrush stick in Ethiopia? ### Response:
Toothbrush sticks can be used by the vast majority of people who cannot afford buying the commercial toothbrush and toothpaste. The toothbrush sticks may be important for the oral and dental hygiene of the users and hence may be useful in decreasing dental caries. Further studies should focus on the effect of the toothbrush sticks against other common bacteria that are associated with dental diseases.
### Instruction: Does modulation of single motor unit discharge using magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in incomplete spinal cord injury? ### Response:
Increased thresholds and latencies of excitation and inhibition may reflect degraded corticospinal transmission in the spinal cord. However, the relatively greater increase in the latency of inhibition compared with excitation in the patients with iSCI may reflect a weak or absent early component of cortical inhibition. Such a change in cortical inhibition may relate to the restoration of useful motor function after iSCI.
### Instruction: Is resistive heating more effective than metallic-foil insulation in an experimental model of accidental hypothermia : A randomized controlled trial? ### Response:
Resistive heating more than doubles the rewarming rate compared with that produced by reflective metal foil and does so without producing an afterdrop. It is therefore likely to be useful in the prehospital setting.
### Instruction: Do the cost of burn care and implications for efficient care? ### Response:
Acute burn care is a costly service. The goal of burn care should shift from saving lives to allowing for a productive return to society. Quality improvement, outcome measurement, and technology assessment combined with health economics research for burn care should be carried out in Japan.
### Instruction: Does angiotensin II receptor blockade attenuate the deleterious effects of exercise training on post-MI ventricular remodelling in rats? ### Response:
Following large anterior MI, losartan attenuated LV dilation and scar thinning. In untreated animals, exercise decreased dilation, but also contributed to scar thinning. Therefore, exercise concurrent with blockade of the renin-angiotensin system may provide optimal therapeutic benefit following large anterior MI.
### Instruction: Is type 2 angiotensin II receptor downregulated in cardiomyocytes of patients with heart failure? ### Response:
(1) The AT(2) receptor is localized to cardiomyocytes independently of the cardiac function. (2) Left ventricular dysfunction is associated with decreased expression of myocardial AT(2) receptor protein.
### Instruction: Does hypothermic circulatory arrest cause multisystem vascular endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis? ### Response:
DHCA is associated with endothelial dysfunction in cerebral microvessels but not in the in vivo transcranial vasculature; in addition, endothelial dysfunction was noted in large-caliber renal arteries and pulmonary veins. DHCA is also associated with duodenal apoptosis. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis may be involved in the pathophysiology of multisystem organ failure after DHCA.
### Instruction: Is adrenomedullin increased in the fetoplacental circulation in intrauterine growth restriction with abnormal umbilical artery waveforms? ### Response:
This study provides evidence that adrenomedullin is increased in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction in response to reduced uteroplacental blood flow and suggests that it may participate in the fetal hemodynamic modifications.
### Instruction: Is loss of CO2 reactivity of cerebral blood flow associated with severe brain damage in mechanically ventilated very low birth weight infants? ### Response:
In mechanically ventilated very low birthweight infants low CO2 reactivity of cerebral blood flow (below 10%/kPa CO2) during the first 36 hours of life was associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcome or hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy at autopsy. Loss of CO2 reactivity may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. It is a candidate for predicting early severe brain damage in preterm infants requiring intensive care and for controlling the effect of early interventions.
### Instruction: Are presence and extent of extrapancreatic fluid collections indicators of severe acute pancreatitis? ### Response:
Pancreatic necrosis and extrapancreatic fluid collections are indicators for severe acute pancreatitis. Whereas the localization of pancreatic necrosis is not important for the outcome of the disease, the extent of extrapancreatic fluid collections is significantly correlated with a severe course.
### Instruction: Is human tumor growth inhibited by a vaccinia virus carrying the E2 gene of bovine papillomavirus? ### Response:
The growth of human tumors was efficiently inhibited by the MVA E2 recombinant vaccinia virus. The absence of side effects in treated animals suggested that the MVA E2 virus is a safe biologic agent that could in the future be used in humans for the treatment of cervical carcinoma.
### Instruction: Is squamous papilloma of the urinary tract unrelated to condyloma acuminata? ### Response:
These data indicate that squamous papilloma is a distinct entity not related to condyloma or verrucous carcinoma. These lesions are benign, HPV DNA negative, DNA diploid, and they lack p53 overaccumulation.
### Instruction: Does endothelial cell dysfunction correlate differentially with survival in primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension? ### Response:
Our findings suggest that short-term survival is related to the severity of endothelial cell dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. In addition, exceedingly high vWF:Ag levels in PPH might reflect a particular pattern of endothelial cell dysfunction that could be associated with decreased short-term life expectancy in this disorder compared with secondary forms of pulmonary hypertension.
### Instruction: Does cure of Helicobacter pylori infection improve symptoms in non-ulcer dyspepsia patients-a double-blind placebo-controlled study? ### Response:
Although histological parameters were significantly improved in the treatment group, there was no significant improvement in symptoms of NUD in the treatment group compared to placebo.
### Instruction: Does the distinct HERG missense mutation L564P cause long QT syndrome in one French Canadian family? ### Response:
This electrophysiological study suggests that coexpression of HERG wild type and mutant L564P results in a dominant negative effect of the mutation.
### Instruction: Does human ovarian follicular fluid have functional systems for the generation and modulation of thrombin? ### Response:
Only a select group of hemostatic plasma proteins are present in follicular fluid. There is no direct correlation between molecular size and concentration of individual proteins in follicular fluid. These results indicate that the proteins involved in the thrombin-generating and thrombin modulatory pathways may be derived from ovarian cells, suggesting that thrombin may have a role in folliculogenesis.
### Instruction: Does coronary oxygen persufflation combined with HTK cardioplegia prolong the preservation time in heart transplantation? ### Response:
These data show that COP combined with a mHTK solution represents a potential alternative to complement currently used cold storage techniques for prolonged preservation periods.
### Instruction: Does interleukin-1 stimulate human uterine prostaglandin production through induction of cyclooxygenase-2 expression? ### Response:
IL-1 increases PG production by myometrium by increased COX-2 expression. NS-398 completely blocks IL-1-induced PG production. With intrauterine infection, IL-1 may induce labor through the autocrine production of uterotonic PGs.
### Instruction: Is video-assisted evacuation of empyema the preferred procedure for management of pleural space infections? ### Response:
Video-assisted evacuation of empyema and decortication is an effective modality in the management of the exudative and fibrinopurulent stages of empyema. An organized empyema should be approached thoracoscopically, but may require open decortication.
### Instruction: Is the expression of three types of CINCs by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat macrophages inhibited similarly by anti-inflammatory steroids? ### Response:
These results indicate no difference among CINC-1, -2 and -3 in the inhibition of production and mRNA expression of CINCs by anti-inflammatory steroids, although lipopolysaccharide differentially induces expression of each CINC expression in culture of rat macrophages.
### Instruction: Does continuous pulmonary perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass prevent lung injury in infants? ### Response:
Our study demonstrates that arrested pulmonary circulation during cardiopulmonary bypass is the major risk factor of lung injury and that continuous pulmonary perfusion is effective in preventing lung injury.
### Instruction: Does doxazosin modify Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression in the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats? ### Response:
The present work suggests that the presence of Bax-Bcl-2 complexes in the left ventricle could be a more reliable marker of the apoptotic state than the determination of the absolute expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. Moreover, the inhibition of alpha1 -adrenergic receptors by doxazosin decreased the abundance of BaxBcl-2 complexes and promoted a reduction of apoptosis in the left ventricle of SHRs.
### Instruction: Does superoxide possibly produced in endothelial cells mediate the neutrophil-induced lung injury? ### Response:
These findings suggest that stimulated PMN-induced increases in pulmonary vascular filtration resulted from endothelial cell injury caused by superoxide anion possibly generated by XO, exclusively present in the endothelial cells.
### Instruction: Are human connexin40 gap junction channels modulated by cAMP? ### Response:
Macroscopic conductance and permeability of Cx40 gap junctions is strongly increased by cAMP and may play a role in the regulation of intercellular communication in the heart and vasculature.
### Instruction: Does [ Genistein suppress growth stimulatory effect of growth factors in HCE 16/3 cells ]? ### Response:
The results suggest that genistein have potential value in the prevention and treatment of some tumors in vivo.
### Instruction: Does rapid intermittent compression increase skin circulation in chronically ischemic legs with infra-popliteal arterial obstruction? ### Response:
Arterial flow augmentation upon compression is associated with increased skin-flux. This response remains present in severe disease of the crural outflow-arteries. Further investigation to define the role of intermittent compression for management of chronic arterial disease is warranted.
### Instruction: Does insulin resistance alone explain the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in southern India? ### Response:
Insulin resistance is not the only underlying factor for the clustering of CVD risk factors in south Indians. These findings are consistent with the presence of several distinct physiological domains, as shown in other ethnic groups.
### Instruction: Do early and intermediate-term complications of self-expanding stents limit its potential application in children with congenital heart disease? ### Response:
Self-expanding Wallstent could be deployed easily and safely to relieve vascular stenoses in children. The complications of distal migration, significant neointimal ingrowth and its unyielding design to overdilation limit its application to this patient group.
### Instruction: Does local adenovirus-mediated transfer of C-type natriuretic peptide suppress vascular remodeling in porcine coronary arteries in vivo? ### Response:
Adenovirus-mediated CNP gene transfer with the IABC system may be a useful gene therapy to prevent restenosis after PTCA in vivo.
### Instruction: Does neutrophil adhesion to vascular prosthetic surfaces trigger nonapoptotic cell death? ### Response:
Neutrophil adhesion to ePTFE and Dacron triggers a rapid nonapoptotic cell death. The effect of ePTFE and Dacron on neutrophil viability appears to be caused by reactive oxygen species production. The premature death of graft-adherent neutrophils provides a novel explanation of the defect in neutrophil bacterial killing associated with vascular prosthetic grafts.
### Instruction: Does injury to dorsal root ganglia alter innervation of spinal cord dorsal horn lamina involved in nociception? ### Response:
Morphologic change in spinal cord dorsal horn lamina II occurs after partial dorsal root ganglion injury. This change may have significance in the pathogenesis of chronic mechanical allodynia after partial dorsal root ganglion injury.
### Instruction: Does nitric oxide modulate angiotensin II-induced drinking behavior in the near-term ovine fetus? ### Response:
These results demonstrate that inhibition of central nitric oxide suppresses fetal swallowing behavior in response to central angiotensin II. We speculate that tonic nitric oxide facilitates angiotensin II swallowing stimulation by maintenance of glutamate activation of hypothalamic N -methyl-D -aspartate receptors.
### Instruction: Is cyclin D1 expression predictive of occult metastases in head and neck cancer patients with clinically negative cervical lymph nodes? ### Response:
Our study indicates that the expression of cyclin D1 correlates with the presence of occult cervical metastases in head and neck carcinoma patients, thus suggesting that its immunohistochemical evaluation in biopsy samples may be used as an additional tool for identifying patients to be treated with elective neck dissection.
### Instruction: Does gene therapy enhance the antiproliferative effect of radiation in intimal hyperplasia? ### Response:
Both IR alone and IR combined with a radiosensitizing agent are effective in attenuating experimental IH. However, combination therapy is synergistic and achieves greater inhibition of VSMC proliferation and may involve selective killing of radioresistant S-phase VSMCs. IR + CD/5-FC represents a novel therapeutic strategy that offers potential for long-term control of IH.
### Instruction: Is inhibition of intestinal tumors by curcumin associated with changes in the intestinal immune cell profile? ### Response:
These results show that mucosal CD4(+) T cells and B cells increase in animals treated with curcumin, suggesting that curcumin modulates lymphocyte-mediated immune functions.
### Instruction: Does aggregation substance promote colonic mucosal invasion of Enterococcus faecalis in an ex vivo model? ### Response:
The aggregation substance promotes invasion of E. faecalis into colonic mucosa.
### Instruction: Does physician disclosure of healthy personal behaviors improve credibility and ability to motivate? ### Response:
Physicians' abilities to motivate patients to adopt healthy habits can be enhanced by conveying their own healthy habits. Educational institutions should consider encouraging health professionals-in-training to practice and demonstrate healthy personal lifestyles.
### Instruction: Does pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide enhance liver metastases of cancer cells implanted into the portal vein in rabbits? ### Response:
Compared with laparotomy, CO2 pneumoperitoneum enhanced the development of liver metastases in this experimental model.
### Instruction: Does fasting induce impairment of gastric mucosal integrity in non-insulin-dependent diabetic ( db/db ) mice? ### Response:
These findings indicate that fasting-induced glucose deficit causes gastric mucosal lesions and increases the susceptibility of gastric mucosa to noxious agents owing to the loss of mucus glycoprotein in db/db mice. Prolonged diabetes is likely to augment the severity of fasting-induced impairment of the gastric mucosal function.
### Instruction: Are circulating levels of IL-1beta , a prothrombotic cytokine , elevated in unstable angina versus stable angina? ### Response:
Our results suggest that both IL-1beta and IL-6 contribute to the pathogenesis of unstable angina, and that the profile of circulating plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines differs in unstable angina from that in stable angina. Abbreviated Abstract. Multiple studies support a role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis and unstable cardiac syndromes. We measured plasma levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in patients with stable and unstable coronary syndromes. Levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 were found to be elevated in patients with unstable coronary syndromes. No significant differences were found in the levels of TNF-alpha. Our results suggest that both IL-1beta and IL-6 contribute to the pathogenesis of unstable angina.
### Instruction: Does dendritic cell-based genetic immunization in mice with a recombinant adenovirus encoding murine TRP2 induce effective anti-melanoma immunity? ### Response:
Our results demonstrate that DC-based genetic immunization of mice with TRP2, a clinically relevant melanocyte-specific self-antigen, induces effective cellular immunity and prevents metastatic growth of B16 melanoma cells in vivo.
### Instruction: Do new Q waves on the presenting electrocardiogram independently predict increased cardiac mortality following a first ST-elevation myocardial infarction? ### Response:
New Q waves at presentation are independently associated with a worse outcome after a first myocardial infarction. The presence of new Q waves on the presenting electrocardiogram allows very early identification of patients at risk of increased cardiac mortality.
### Instruction: Does subgroup analysis and other ( mis ) used of baseline data in clinical trials? ### Response:
Clinical trials need a predefined statistical analysis plan for uses of baseline data, especially covariate-adjusted analyses and subgroup analyses. Investigators and journals need to adopt improved standards of statistical reporting, and exercise caution when drawing conclusions from subgroup findings.
### Instruction: Does mAP kinase signaling induce nuclear reorganization in budding yeast? ### Response:
Nuclear remodeling occurs when the MAP kinase cascade is activated by yeast pheromone, but it is independent of the cytoskeletal reorganization regulated by the same signaling pathway. Activation of the Ste12p transcription factor is necessary, and may be sufficient, for the changes in nuclear structure that coincide with developmentally significant changes in gene expression.
### Instruction: Does a protein complex containing Inscuteable and the Galpha-binding protein Pins orient asymmetric cell divisions in Drosophila? ### Response:
Pins and Inscuteable are dependent on each other for asymmetric localisation in delaminated neuroblasts. The binding of Pins to Galpha protein offers the intriguing possibility that Inscuteable and Pins might orient asymmetric cell divisions by localising or locally modulating a heterotrimeric G-protein signalling cascade at the apical cell cortex.
### Instruction: Does pentobarbital have curare-like effects on adult-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel currents? ### Response:
The interaction between adult-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, acetylcholine, and pentobarbital was biophysically investigated by using the patch-clamp technique in combination with tools for ultrafast solution exchange. PB elicited open-channel block and competitive block of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel currents, whereas the latter seems to be effective in clinically relevant concentrations.
### Instruction: Is n-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel block by meperidine dependent on extracellular pH? ### Response:
At acidic pH the potency of meperidine for N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor channels was increased. Any antinociceptive and neuroprotective benefit from the N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antagonist property of meperidine may be pH dependent.
### Instruction: Is lymphocyte proliferation in mice after a full laparotomy the same whether performed in a sealed carbon dioxide chamber or in room air? ### Response:
Our results suggest that full laparotomy performed in a sealed CO2 chamber compared to room air laparotomy resulted in similar suppression of lymphocyte proliferation. Furthermore, no significant suppression of lymphocyte proliferation was observed in the CO2 pneumoperitoneum group. These results, with regard to lymphocyte proliferation rates, refute the hypothesis that postoperative immunosuppression is related to air exposure and support the alternative hypothesis that immunosuppression is related to incision length.
### Instruction: Is the GH response to low-dose bolus growth hormone-releasing hormone ( GHRH ( 1-29 ) NH2 ) attenuated in patients with longstanding post-irradiation GH insufficiency? ### Response:
The GH response to bolus GHRH(1-29)NH(2) is attenuated in adult long-term survivors of childhood brain tumours. This may reflect direct pituitary damage and/or the loss of the tropic effects of chronic GHRH deficiency.
### Instruction: Is transthoracic ultrasonography an alternative to subxyphoid ultrasonography for the diagnosis of hemopericardium in penetrating precordial trauma? ### Response:
Surgeon-performed ultrasonography has become the diagnostic test of choice for patients suspected of having hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade. Transthoracic ultrasonography is an excellent alternative for those patients where a subxyphoid or subcostal view to visualize the pericardial sac and heart cannot be obtained owing to local or anatomical factors.
### Instruction: Does eEG predict surgical outcome in lesional frontal lobe epilepsy? ### Response:
The absence of generalized EEG signs is the most predictive variable for a seizure-free outcome in FLE surgery. Furthermore, nonlesional MRI, somatosensory aura, and secondarily generalized seizures are risk factors for poor surgical results.
### Instruction: Does adenoviral-mediated expression of antisense RNA to basic fibroblast growth factor reduce tangential stress in arterialized vein grafts? ### Response:
Inhibition of bFGF synthesis in vivo with the use of adenoviral gene transfer of antisense RNA to bFGF promotes a vein graft with decreased tangential stress while maintaining the luminal area. The vein graft wall is remodeled and qualitatively resembles an artery so that wall tangential stress in Ad.ASbFGF and normal artery are not significantly different. The lack of significant difference in lumen circumference among groups suggests that wall thickening in the Ad. ASbFGF grafts is not at the expense of luminal narrowing. Our results suggest that ASbFGF RNA expression may represent an effective strategy in limiting the failure of arterialized venous conduits.
### Instruction: Do pulmonary hemodynamics contribute to indicate priority for lung transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis? ### Response:
Pulmonary hemodynamics are worst in patients dying on the waiting list and deteriorate significantly during the waiting time. They may thus contribute to establish priority for lung transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis.
### Instruction: Are transgenic swine lungs expressing human CD59 protected from injury in a pig-to-human model of xenotransplantation? ### Response:
Transgenic swine pulmonary xenografts that express the human complement regulatory protein CD59 demonstrated improved function and survival in an ex vivo model of pig-to-human xenotransplantation.
### Instruction: Does comparison of immunoglobulin G heavy-chain sequences in MS and SSPE brains reveal an antigen-driven response? ### Response:
The presence of an antigen-driven response in MS, rather than a nonconventional mechanism of B-cell activation, warrants additional analysis of the specificity of IgG in MS brain and CSF.
### Instruction: Are biphasic redistribution of muscarinic receptor and the altered receptor phosphorylation and gene transcription underlying mechanisms in the rat heart during sepsis? ### Response:
The m2AChR in the rat heart was externalized from light vesicles to sarcolemma (overexpression) during early sepsis but internalized from surface membranes to intracellular sites (underexpression) during late sepsis. Furthermore, changes in the receptor phosphorylation and gene transcription are responsible for the biphasic redistribution and the altered expression of m2AChR in the rat heart during the progression of sepsis.
### Instruction: Does the bradycardic agent zatebradine enhance baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability in rats early after myocardial infarction? ### Response:
Both BRS and HRV are reduced in rats early after MI, indicating a depressed reflex and tonic vagal activity. Treatment with zatebradine enhances both BRS and HRV. These data suggest that the drug has both peripheral and central effects, leading to an increase of vagal control of heart rate.
### Instruction: Does accumulation of oxidized LDL in human semilunar valves correlate with coronary atherosclerosis? ### Response:
The data suggest that the biological process leading to ox-LDL accumulation in coronary atherosclerosis also involves heart valves. Therefore, accumulation of the oxidative stress marker ox-LDL in heart valves illustrates atherosclerosis as an additional mechanisms accelerating valvular degeneration in these patients.
### Instruction: Does recombinant kringle 1-3 of plasminogen inhibit rabbit corneal angiogenesis induced by angiogenin? ### Response:
Recombinant kringle 1-3 appears to inhibit angiogenin-induced angiogenesis in a rabbit corneal pocket assay. Recombinant kringle 1-3 may have therapeutic potential as an antiangiogenic agent.
### Instruction: Is [ The common C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene associated with neural tube defects and preeclampsia ]? ### Response:
The authors believe that MTHFR VV genotype is associated with the development of NTDs and preeclampsia.
### Instruction: Does ropivacaine attenuate pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by thromboxane A2 analogue in the isolated perfused rat lung? ### Response:
Ropivacaine, but not lidocaine, bupivacaine, or QX 314 at 1 microg/mL, attenuates U 46619-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in an isolated perfused rat lung model. These results support evidence that the clinically used enantiomer S(-)-ropivacaine may inhibit TXA2 signaling.
### Instruction: Does leukocyte depletion of red cell components prevent exposure of transfusion recipients to neutrophil elastase? ### Response:
Leukocyte depletion may limit the inadvertent infusion of bioactive substances derived from polymorphonuclear leukocytes, of which HNE is but one example. The accumulation of HNE in buffy-coat-reduced red cells may be greater than that of whole blood units. HNE accumulates during storage and its quantity may have pathophysiologic significance. Platelets and plasma derived from buffy coats contain some HNE, but leukocyte-depleted red cells virtually none. However, we consider the accumulation of HNE in these components not to be clinically important. The quantities, kinetics, and occurrence in various blood components of HNE contamination differ from those observed with cytokines.
### Instruction: Is allogeneic red blood cell transfusion an independent risk factor for the development of postoperative bacterial infection? ### Response:
These data support the hypothesis that allogeneic red cell transfusion is an independent risk factor for the development of postoperative bacterial infection in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. This association provides further reason to minimise exposure to allogeneic transfusions in the perioperative setting.
### Instruction: Are increased levels of basic fibroblast growth factor found in the cross-clamped heart during cardiopulmonary bypass? ### Response:
Plasma bFGF levels increase during cardiopulmonary bypass. The source of this elevation is the lungs and heart.
### Instruction: Does milrinone attenuate serotonin-induced pulmonary hypertension and bronchoconstriction in dogs? ### Response:
We studied the effects of milrinone on serotonin-induced pulmonary hypertension and bronchoconstriction in dogs. Milrinone produces pulmonary vasodilation and bronchodilation, whose effects may not be caused by beta-adrenoceptor activation. In addition, this drug may be more sensitive to phosphodiesterase III in the airway smooth muscle than that in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle.
### Instruction: Is nonadherence with ambulatory saliva sampling associated with biased salivary testosterone estimates? ### Response:
The results suggest that common ambulatory nonadherence with scheduled saliva sampling is associated with biased salivary testosterone estimates. They will inform further studies estimating salivary testosterone with ambulatory saliva-sampling designs and highlight the relevance of strategies to improve or confirm adherence, beyond routinely used instructions.
### Instruction: Does differential proteomic analysis of grapevine leave by iTRAQ reveals responses to heat stress and subsequent recovery? ### Response:
On the basis of these findings, we proposed that some proteins related to electron transport chain of photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes, HSPs and other stress response proteins, and glycolysis may play key roles in enhancing grapevine adaptation to and recovery capacity from heat stress. These results provide a better understanding of the proteins involved in, and mechanisms of thermotolerance in grapevines.
### Instruction: Is subcutaneous adipose tissue zinc-α2-glycoprotein associated with adipose tissue and whole-body insulin sensitivity? ### Response:
ZAG in subcutaneous, but not in visceral AT, was markedly reduced in obesity. Clinical, cellular, and molecular evidence indicate that ZAG plays an important role in modulating whole-body and AT insulin sensitivity.
### Instruction: Is excess weight in preschool children with a history of severe bronchiolitis associated with asthma? ### Response:
Asthma was more common in currently overweight than in normal weight former bronchiolitis patients at preschool age and early school age.
### Instruction: Does sentinel lymph node biopsy before mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction significantly delay surgery in early breast cancer? ### Response:
In this group of patients, SLNB before mastectomy and IBR does not significantly delay definitive breast cancer surgery.
### Instruction: Is the Exercise Medicine Global Health Initiative : a 2014 update? ### Response:
Broad implementation of PA counselling and referral systems, as clinical practice standard of care, has the potential to improve PA at the population level by complementing and leveraging other efforts and to contribute to achieving global targets for the reduction of inactivity and related morbidity and mortality.
### Instruction: Is chronic inflammation in benign prostate tissue associated with high-grade prostate cancer in the placebo arm of the prostate cancer prevention trial? ### Response:
Inflammation, most of which was chronic, was common in benign prostate tissue, and was positively associated with prostate cancer, especially high grade. The association did not seem to be due to detection bias.
### Instruction: Does neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor slow progression of retinal nonperfusion in patients with diabetic macular edema? ### Response:
Just as high VEGF levels contribute to progression of retinal nonperfusion in retinal vein occlusion, the same is true in patients with DME, suggesting that regardless of the underlying disease process, high levels of VEGF can cause closure of retinal vessels. However, our data also suggest that VEGF-induced worsening of retinal perfusion in DME is superimposed on another cause of more gradually worsening perfusion, possibly glucotoxicity. Thus, monthly injections of ranibizumab can slow, but not completely prevent, retinal capillary closure in patients with DME.
### Instruction: Does inhibition of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria and Streptococcus bovis by hop ( Humulus lupulus L. ) β-acid? ### Response:
These results are consistent with the hypothesis that hops β-acid prevented the growth of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria, and that the mechanism of action was dissipation of the intracellular potassium of Strep. bovis.
### Instruction: Does addition of clonidine in caudal anesthesia in children increase duration of post-operative analgesia? ### Response:
We concluded that addition of clonidine to bupivacaine prolongs the duration of post-operative analgesia without any respiratory or hemodynamic side-effects.
### Instruction: Does alcohol withdrawal alleviate adipose tissue inflammation in patients with alcoholic liver disease? ### Response:
In alcoholic patients, upregulation of chemotactic factors in the liver and SAT is an early event that begins as early as the steatosis stage. The inflammasome pathway is upregulated in the liver of patients with ALD. One week of alcohol withdrawal alleviates macrophage infiltration in SAT and orients ATM towards a M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype; this implicates alcohol in adipose tissue inflammation (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00388323).
### Instruction: Is galectin-3 independently associated with cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling older adults without known cardiovascular disease : The Rancho Bernardo Study? ### Response:
Higher levels of galectin-3 are independently associated with all-cause and CVD mortality among community-dwelling older adults with no known CVD at baseline.
### Instruction: Is round block technique a useful oncoplastic procedure for multicentric fibroadenomas? ### Response:
The round block technique is a useful oncoplastic procedure for the management of multicentric fibroadenomas excised at the same time.
### Instruction: Does anterior fascial fixation reduce the parastomal hernia rate after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit? ### Response:
Anterior fascial fixation of the ileal conduit does not reduce the risk of parastomal hernia formation compared with the patients treated without fascial fixation. Surgeons should consider avoiding anterior suture fixation during ileal conduit creation.
### Instruction: Does use of prototype two-channel endoscope with elevator enable larger lift-and-snare endoscopic mucosal resection in a porcine model? ### Response:
The increased lift of the mucosal epithelium, through use of the dual-channel elevator scope, allows for larger EMR when using a lift-grasp-cut technique. Noting the thin nature of the porcine colonic wall, use of the elevator may also make this technique safer.
### Instruction: Is serum paraoxonase-1 activity more closely related to HDL particle concentration and large HDL particles than to HDL cholesterol in Type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects? ### Response:
PON-1 activity is more closely related to the HDL particle concentration or large HDL particles than to HDL cholesterol. Impaired PON-1 activity in T2DM is not to a considerable extent explained by altered HDL subfraction levels.
### Instruction: Does quantitative proteomics analysis reveal similar release profiles following specific PAR-1 or PAR-4 stimulation of platelets? ### Response:
Both ELISA on established α-granule proteins and MS-based quantitative proteomics showed that the most abundant α-granule proteins are released in similar quantities from platelets after stimulation with either PAR-1 or PAR-4. Our findings provide evidence against the hypothesis that PAR-1 and PAR-4 stimulation of platelets trigger differential release of alpha-granule, but further studies are needed to draw conclusions for physiological conditions.
### Instruction: Does the tumour suppressor Ras-association domain family protein 1A ( RASSF1A ) regulate TNF-α signalling in cardiomyocytes? ### Response:
Our data indicate an essential role of RASSF1A in regulating TNF-α signalling in cardiomyocytes, with RASSF1A being key in the formation of the TNFRC and in signal transmission to the downstream targets.
### Instruction: Does the H2.0-like homeobox transcription factor modulate yolk sac vascular remodeling in mouse embryos? ### Response:
Our findings indicate not only that Hlx regulates sprouting in vitro, but that its role in sprouting is nonessential in vivo. We find HLX is regulated by shear stress and a subtle defect in vascular remodeling is present in knockout embryos.
### Instruction: Does tissue plasminogen activator promote postischemic neutrophil recruitment via its proteolytic and nonproteolytic properties? ### Response:
Endogenously released tPA promotes neutrophil transmigration to reperfused tissue via proteolytic activation of plasmin and gelatinases. As a consequence, tPA on transmigrating neutrophils disrupts endothelial junctions allowing circulating tPA to extravasate to the perivascular tissue, which, in turn, amplifies neutrophil recruitment through the activation of mast cells and release of lipid mediators.
### Instruction: Does btk inhibition suppress agonist-induced human macrophage activation and inflammatory gene expression in RA synovial tissue explants? ### Response:
Btk is expressed equivalently in RA and PsA synovial tissue, primarily in macrophages. Btk activity is needed to drive macrophage activation in response to multiple agonists relevant to inflammatory arthritis, and promotes RA synovial tissue cytokine and MMP production. Pharmacological targeting of Btk may be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of RA and other inflammatory diseases.
### Instruction: Does modulation of fatty acid and bile acid metabolism by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α protect against alcoholic liver disease? ### Response:
These observations indicate that PPARα plays a protective role to enhance mitochondrial function in response to chronic alcohol consumption by adaptive transcriptional activation and suggest that activation of this nuclear receptor may be of therapeutic value in the treatment for ALD.
### Instruction: Is brd4 essential for IL-1β-induced inflammation in human airway epithelial cells? ### Response:
Oxidative stress enhanced IL1β-induced IL-6 and CXCL8 expression was significantly reduced by Brd4 inhibition. Brd4 plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory genes and provides a potential novel anti-inflammatory target.
### Instruction: Is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor constitutively active in advanced prostate cancer cells? ### Response:
Together, these results show that AhR is constitutively active in advanced prostate cancer cell lines that model hormone refractory prostate cancer. Chemical ablation of AhR signaling can reduce the growth of advanced prostate cancer cells, an effect not achieved with androgen receptor inhibitors or growth in androgen depleted media.
### Instruction: Does phosphodiesterase 2A localized in the spinal cord contribute to inflammatory pain processing? ### Response:
Our findings indicate that PDE2A contributes to the processing of inflammatory pain in the spinal cord.
### Instruction: Does isoflurane impair learning and hippocampal long-term potentiation via the saturation of synaptic plasticity? ### Response:
Isoflurane impairs hippocampal learning and modulates synaptic plasticity in the postanesthetic period. Increased GluA1 may reduce synaptic capacity for additional GluA1-containing AMPARs trafficking.
### Instruction: Is a prior diagnosis of breast cancer a risk factor for breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers? ### Response:
In a woman with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation who is diagnosed with breast cancer, the risk of cancer in the contralateral breast depends on the first diagnosis. That observation supports the hypothesis that there are important genetic or non-genetic modifiers of cancer risk in BRCA carriers. Discovering risk modifiers might lead to greater personalization of risk assessment and management recommendations for BRCA-positive patients.
### Instruction: Is handgrip strength but not appendicular lean mass an independent predictor of functional outcome in hip-fracture women : a short-term prospective study? ### Response:
Grip strength, but not DXA-assessed aLM, significantly predicted short-term functional outcome in women after a hip fracture.