question stringlengths 52 373 | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k |
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### Instruction:
Is detection of pinpoint tenderness on the appendix under ultrasonography useful to confirm acute appendicitis?
### Response:
| The efficacy of ultrasonography using the simple criteria was superior to that of the surgeon's initial clinical impression (P<.001). Our ultrasonographic criteria for the diagnosis of appendicitis are simple to use and efficient. |
### Instruction:
Do an increasing proportion of infants weigh more than 4000 grams at birth?
### Response:
| In Denmark mean birthweight has risen during the past decade independently of gestational age and prelabor intervention. Simultaneously the risk of having a baby with a birthweight above 4000 g has increased. Further studies on potential risk factors for birth of large infants are needed. |
### Instruction:
Does resistance training affect iron status in older men and women?
### Response:
| With resistance training, iron status of older men and women changes in a sex specific way. |
### Instruction:
Is lhermitte-Duclos disease a clinical manifestation of Cowden 's syndrome?
### Response:
| Our observations strengthen the hypothesis that LDD is a neurological manifestation of CS. Patients with LDD should receive a thorough dermatological and systemic screening, because some of the lesions (breast, etc...) can develop into malignant tumors. |
### Instruction:
Does salbutamol prevent the increase of respiratory resistance caused by tracheal intubation during sevoflurane anesthesia in asthmatic children?
### Response:
| Tracheal intubation with sevoflurane as the sole anesthetic is now often performed in children. It can induce an increase in respiratory system resistance in children with asthma. This study shows that in children with mild to moderate asthma, a preanesthetic treatment with inhaled salbutamol can prevent the increase of respiratory system resistance. |
### Instruction:
Does improving survival of vulnerable infants increase neonatal intensive care unit nosocomial infection rate?
### Response:
| The increasing number of technology-dependent infants was the primary determinant in the increase of nosocomial infections. Because these infections occur in a small proportion of infants, understanding the host factors that contribute to this vulnerability is necessary to decrease nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units. |
### Instruction:
Does elevation in serum troponin I predict the benefit of tirofiban?
### Response:
| Irrespective of high-risk clinical factors, including ST segment depression, these data support the hypothesis that serum troponins identify those who benefit from aggressive antiplatelet therapy with tirofiban. |
### Instruction:
Is retinal dysfunction in cancer-associated retinopathy improved by Ca ( 2+ ) antagonist administration and dark adaptation?
### Response:
| The present data indicate that anti-recoverin antibody-induced retinal dysfunction was functionally similar to phototoxic retinal dysfunction and was markedly suppressed under dark conditions or by systemic administration of a Ca(2+) antagonist. |
### Instruction:
Is integrin-mediated differentiation of a pancreatic carcinoma cell line independent of FAK or MAPK activation levels?
### Response:
| The integrin-mediated differentiation of PaTu-II cells is regulated and maintained through FAK- and MAPK-independent signal transduction pathways. |
### Instruction:
Does tIMP-1 production by bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells increase in response to cyclic mechanical stretch?
### Response:
| The secretion of TIMP-1 by bovine RPE cells was enhanced by cyclic mechanical stretch. Mechanical strain is one factor in regulating the secretion of TIMP-1 by RPE cells. |
### Instruction:
Does hippocampal atrophy correlate with clinical features of Alzheimer disease in African Americans?
### Response:
| Hippocampal atrophy is a feature of AD in African Americans as it is in white subjects. The neuropsychological-hippocampal volume correlations indicate that hippocampal volume measurements do represent a measure of the structural substrate of functional impairment in AD. |
### Instruction:
Does low-power laser irradiation increase cyclic GMP synthesis in penile smooth muscle cells in vitro?
### Response:
| Our studies demonstrate that LPLI irradiation stimulates elevation of cGMP in vitro. |
### Instruction:
Does defective Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis predispose to development of a chronic erosive arthritis subsequent to Mycoplasma pulmonis infection?
### Response:
| Defective Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis of T cells is an important factor that rendered arthritis-resistant B6 mice susceptible to the development of a chronic erosive arthritis subsequent to mycoplasma infection. In vivo lpr-APC-AdFasL cell-gene therapy is a safe and effective method for inhibiting the development of this arthritis. |
### Instruction:
Does dexamethasone decrease migraine recurrence observed after treatment with a triptan combined with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug?
### Response:
| We concluded that the judicious use of oral dexamethasone might be useful for a limited population of migraine patients still presenting recurrence with the combination of a triptan and a NSAID. Case-control studies and studies with a randomized double-blind design are necessary to confirm these observations. |
### Instruction:
Are mammary gland development and lactation controlled by different glucocorticoid receptor activities?
### Response:
| The present study has demonstrated that GR plays an important role in the mammary gland and that it uses different molecular modes of action to control development and milk protein synthesis. |
### Instruction:
Is malignant transformation of the esophageal mucosa enhanced in p27 knockout mice?
### Response:
| This experimental mouse model of Barrett esophagus and Barrett- associated adenocarcinoma is similar to what occurs in human beings and may be useful in developing methods to inhibit malignant transformation of Barrett esophagus. |
### Instruction:
Does implantation of octacalcium phosphate nucleate isolated bone formation in rat skull defects?
### Response:
| The present study suggested that the implanted OCP can serve as a core for initiating bone formation and cause the osteoinduction as well as the osteoconduction in the defect. |
### Instruction:
Does local instillation of Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan at operation prevent wound healing impairment after trauma?
### Response:
| Wound breaking strength and histologic findings of skin incisions (impaired in rats with unilateral femoral fracture) are more sensitive to the adverse effects of trauma than accumulation of PVA sponge reparative tissue. A single inoculation of SaPG at operation increased wound incision healing in rats both without and with femoral fracture and notably prevented the impaired healing in rats with femoral fracture. |
### Instruction:
Does infusion of light chains from patients with cardiac amyloidosis cause diastolic dysfunction in isolated mouse hearts?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that infusion of LC from patients with AL amyloidosis result in diastolic dysfunction similar to that observed in patients with cardiac involved AL amyloidosis, and they suggest that amyloid LC proteins may contribute directly to the pathogenesis and the rapid progression of amyloid cardiomyopathy, independent of extracellular fibril deposition. |
### Instruction:
Does positional cloning of heart and soul reveal multiple roles for PKC lambda in zebrafish organogenesis?
### Response:
| Our results show that aPKC lambda is required for the formation and maintenance of the zonula adherens during early epithelial development in vertebrates and demonstrate a previously undescribed yet critical role for this protein in organ morphogenesis. Furthermore, our studies identify the first genetic locus regulating the orientation of cell division in vertebrates. |
### Instruction:
Is hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies a major cause of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome?
### Response:
| Molecular genetic testing for hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome is of limited value. |
### Instruction:
Do murine hypodense eosinophils induce tumour cell apoptosis by a granzyme B-dependent mechanism?
### Response:
| These data are consistent with a hypothesis that murine HD eosinophils elicit tumoricidal activity via a granzyme B-dependent mechanism. |
### Instruction:
Does serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein reflect the presence of clinically diagnosed synovitis in patients with knee osteoarthritis?
### Response:
| Synovitis exerts a significant effect on serum COMP levels measured with mAb 17-C10 in OA patients. These findings underscore the importance of the clinical joint examination to assess for synovitis, when attempting to apply objective measures, such as COMP, to the clinical setting. |
### Instruction:
Is biochemical composition of equine carpal articular cartilage influenced by short-term exercise in a site-specific manner?
### Response:
| These results indicate that topographical and exercise related differences exist in carpal cartilage composition, and that the effect of exercise on overall composition and distribution within the cartilage was maximal at sites predisposed to clinical lesions. These findings could indicate that the combined effect of exercise and local load variations within a joint may lead to a risk of exceeding the physiologic threshold at high load sites that are predisposed to clinical injury. |
### Instruction:
Is surgical resection necessary to maximize tumor control in function-preserving , aggressive chemoradiation protocols for advanced squamous cancer of the head and neck ( stage III and IV )?
### Response:
| Surgical resection is an essential component of aggressive chemoradiation protocols to ensure tumor control at the primary site and in the neck. |
### Instruction:
Are triglyceride and lipoprotein ( a ) markers of coronary artery disease severity among postmenopausal women?
### Response:
| We found that both Lp(a) and triglycerides constitute useful markers of CAD severity among postmenopausal women. |
### Instruction:
Is chronic lymphocytic leukemia incidence substantially higher than estimated from tumor registry data?
### Response:
| The incidence of CLL in the CAVHS was 37.6% higher than estimated from tumor registry data due to an increase in the use of peripheral blood immunophenotype as the only diagnostic test for CLL over the time period of the study. These data suggest that the true incidence of CLL may be substantially higher than estimated from tumor registry data. |
### Instruction:
Does real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis reveal an evolution of cytokine mRNA production in allograft acceptor mice?
### Response:
| A broad array of cytokine mRNAs may be stockpiled for future use in cardiac allografts, regardless of whether the grafts will be accepted or rejected. This stockpile is continuously replenished for as long as the graft survives, thereby obscuring any changes in immune disposition of the graft recipient toward graft alloantigens. However, such changes can be revealed by challenge with donor alloantigens at a distant site (DTH challenge). In allograft acceptor mice, this disposition evolves from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory. |
### Instruction:
Does selective inhibition of IL-2 gene expression by IL-2 antisense oligonucleotides block heart allograft rejection?
### Response:
| Selective inhibition of IL-2 mRNA in vivo inhibits T-cell function and extends allograft survival. |
### Instruction:
Are circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates a more sensitive marker of in vivo platelet activation than platelet surface P-selectin : studies in baboons , human coronary intervention , and human acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| As demonstrated by 3 independent means (in vivo tracking of activated platelets in baboons, human coronary intervention, and human AMI), circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates are a more sensitive marker of in vivo platelet activation than platelet surface P-selectin. |
### Instruction:
Does adenovirus-mediated heme oxygenase-1 gene transfer inhibit the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice?
### Response:
| Overexpression of HO-1 in vascular cells facilitates iron metabolism and attenuates development of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. |
### Instruction:
Does incidence of major cardiovascular events in black patients with normal myocardial stress perfusion study result?
### Response:
| The overall incidence of major cardiovascular events in black patients after normal exercise perfusion study results were obtained was low (1%). However, black patients who had normal perfusion study results but underwent pharmacologic stress testing or had a history of MI were at intermediate risk. These patients require close surveillance for major cardiovascular events. |
### Instruction:
Is increased mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery associated with increased levels of postoperative creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme release : results from the GUARDIAN trial?
### Response:
| Progressive elevation of the CK-MB ratio in clinically high-risk patients is associated with significant elevations of medium-term mortality after CABG. Strategies to afford myocardial protection both during CABG and in the postoperative phase may serve to improve the clinical outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does repeated thermal therapy improve impaired vascular endothelial function in patients with coronary risk factors?
### Response:
| Repeated sauna treatment improves impaired vascular endothelial function in the setting of coronary risk factors, suggesting a therapeutic role for sauna treatment in patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Does angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonism reverse abnormal coronary vasomotion in atherosclerosis?
### Response:
| Inhibition of the coronary vascular AT1 receptors in patients with atherosclerosis improves epicardial vasomotion during stress, probably by improving endothelial dysfunction. Whether AT1 receptor blockade will provide long-term therapeutic benefits in atherosclerosis needs further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Does a novel inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme ameliorate polycystic kidney disease?
### Response:
| These findings support the pathophysiological role of the TGF-alpha/EGFR axis in murine ARPKD and demonstrate that inhibition of TGF-alpha secretion has therapeutic potential in PKD. |
### Instruction:
Does dipyridamole inhibit TGF-beta-induced collagen gene expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells?
### Response:
| Dipyridamole inhibits TGF-beta-induced collagen gene expression in HPMC through modulation of the ERK pathway. Our study of dipyridamole may provide therapeutic basis for clinical applications in the prevention of PF. |
### Instruction:
Is activator protein 1 activation following hypoosmotic stress in HepG2 cells actin cytoskeleton dependent?
### Response:
| Actin reorganization following hypoosmotic stress is essential for the FAK-mediated activation of the PI-3-K/PKB/AP-1 proliferative cascade. These data delineate a possible mechanism by which the cell swelling-induced cytoskeletal changes can initiate proliferative signal transduction in human liver cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is morbidity after surgery for non-small cell lung carcinoma related to neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
### Response:
| Induction chemotherapy in NSCLC has no influence on postoperative morbidity. |
### Instruction:
Does operative and long term result after surgery for chronic radiation enteritis?
### Response:
| Despite high initial mortality and morbidity rates, life expectancy in patients with chronic radiation enteritis without recurrence of their previous neoplastic disease was good. Resection seems to provide a smaller reoperation rate and a better 5-year survival, but a higher postoperative mortality. |
### Instruction:
Is regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after surgical therapy for aortic stenosis associated with changes in extracellular matrix gene expression?
### Response:
| Controlled induction of compensated LVH leads to significant increase in ECM gene expression. The regression of LVH after surgical therapy is associated with complete regression of ECM gene expression. However, no cause-and-effect relation could be demonstrated. |
### Instruction:
Does magnetic resonance imaging permit in vivo monitoring of catheter-based vascular gene delivery?
### Response:
| We present a technical development that uses high-resolution MR imaging as an in vivo imaging tool to monitor catheter-based vascular gene delivery. |
### Instruction:
Do adventitial cells contribute to neointimal mass after balloon angioplasty of the rat common carotid artery?
### Response:
| Despite the prominent role that adventitial myofibroblasts seem to have in the postangioplasty remodeling process, they do not migrate to the medial or intimal layers in the rat carotid artery angioplasty model. |
### Instruction:
Do recognition memory and verbal fluency differentiate probable Alzheimer disease from subcortical ischemic vascular dementia?
### Response:
| Patients with probable AD and probable SIVD can be distinguished with a high degree of accuracy using these 2 neuropsychological tests. |
### Instruction:
Is valproic acid effective in migraine prophylaxis at low serum levels : a prospective open-label study?
### Response:
| Due to the lack of additional benefit from higher valproic acid doses (more than 600 mg per day), we recommend daily valproic acid doses of 500 to 600 mg with a target serum level less than 50 microg/mL for the prophylactic treatment of migraine. |
### Instruction:
Impairs anterior chordal transection only regional left ventricular function but also regional right ventricular function in mitral regurgitation?
### Response:
| Anterior chordal transection during MV replacement for MR impairs not only regional LV function but also regional RV function. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Blood pressure self-monitoring contribute to improved patient education among hypertensive subjects ]?
### Response:
| Hypertensive subjects who possess a self-measurement blood pressure device have a better knowledge of their hypertension. These results indicate that the possession of a self-measurement device contributes to the education of hypertensive patients. |
### Instruction:
Does preoperative steroid therapy inhibit cytokine production in the lung parenchyma in asthmatic patients?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that corticosteroid treatment reduces AHR and prevents perioperative attacks of asthma primarily by suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines. |
### Instruction:
Are several factors associated with the insulin resistance syndrome predictors of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in a male population after 20 years of follow-up?
### Response:
| Factors associated with insulin resistance precede left ventricular systolic dysfunction independently of ischemic heart disease and hypertension after 20 years of follow-up. |
### Instruction:
Does phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibit megalin-mediated transcytosis of thyroglobulin across thyroid epithelial cells at a post-sorting level?
### Response:
| PI3-K exerts an inhibitory role on megalin-mediated Tg transcytosis across cultured thyroid cells. PI3-K action takes place at a post-sorting level, after Tg bypassing of the lysosomal pathway. |
### Instruction:
Are waiting times to see a dermatologist perceived as too long by dermatologists : implications for the dermatology workforce?
### Response:
| The long waiting times for appointments suggests that the current supply of dermatologists is not adequate to meet the demand for dermatologists' services. |
### Instruction:
Are sustained benefits of growth hormone on body composition , fat utilization , physical strength and agility , and growth in Prader-Willi syndrome dose-dependent?
### Response:
| Salutary and sustained GH-induced changes in growth, body composition, and physical function in children with PWS require GH doses of >0.3 mg/m2/day. Conversely, BMD increased during the additional 12 months of therapy regardless of GH dose. Lower doses of GH, effective in improving body composition in adults with GHD, do not appear to be effective in children with PWS. |
### Instruction:
Is serum angiotensin I-converting enzyme reduced in Crohn 's disease and ulcerative colitis irrespective of genotype?
### Response:
| Considering ACE gene polymorphism, serum ACE levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are lower than in controls. Serum ACE levels reflect a part of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. |
### Instruction:
Are palpable breast cancers inherently different from nonpalpable breast cancers?
### Response:
| Palpable cancers are inherently different from nonpalpable cancers, with a less diffuse growth pattern, higher metastatic potential, higher proliferative activity, more nuclear abnormalities, and a worse prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Does theophylline inhibit TNF-alpha-induced CD4 expression on human eosinophils and CD4+ eosinophil migration?
### Response:
| These data suggest that TNF-alpha-induced CD4+ eosinophils may contribute to eosinophil migratory responses induced by IL-16. Theophylline and selective PDE IV inhibitor may prevent airway inflammation by downregulating CD4 expression on eosinophils and inhibiting eosinophil migration through CD4 and IL-16 interaction. |
### Instruction:
Do upon prolonged allergen exposure IL-4 and IL-4Ralpha knockout mice produce specific IgE leading to anaphylaxis?
### Response:
| We conclude that upon long-term allergen exposure, alternative switch mechanisms independent of IL-4 and IL-4Ralpha may induce IgE but not asthma-like lung pathology. This may be relevant for the development of allergic disease, since long-term allergen exposure is a frequent condition during allergic sensitization. |
### Instruction:
Does dietary cholesterol enhance pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation in a murine model of asthma?
### Response:
| Dietary cholesterol may enhance pulmonary allergic inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Is momentary increase in plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide involved in hot flashes in men treated with castration for carcinoma of the prostate?
### Response:
| Calcitonin gene-related peptide is involved in the mechanisms of hot flashes in men who underwent castration due to prostate carcinoma. Thus, there may be a similar mechanism of hot flashes in women and in men deprived of sex steroids. |
### Instruction:
Does elevated potassium intake inhibit neointimal proliferation in the swine coronary artery?
### Response:
| These results support the hypothesis that a high level of dietary potassium intake inhibits neointimal proliferation after balloon angioplasty in the swine coronary artery. |
### Instruction:
Is endothelial dysfunction in resistance arteries related to high blood pressure and circulating low density lipoproteins in previously treated hypertension?
### Response:
| High diastolic BP and high serum LDL were associated with impaired maximal AIR and reduced sensitivity to AIR, respectively, independently of smooth muscle cell responsiveness to nitroprusside. This indicated decreasing endothelial function in small resistance arteries with increasing BP and increasing LDL in hypertension. Endothelial function was not significantly related to vascular structure of the resistance arteries or to diabetes in these patients with long-standing hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Does fine mapping of canine XLPRA establish homology of the human and canine RP3 intervals?
### Response:
| Strong conservation of gene order was demonstrated in the short arm of the X chromosome between dogs and humans as was homology of the canine XLPRA and human RP3 intervals. These results create a valuable tool for investigating canine XLPRA and other X-linked eye diseases in dogs. |
### Instruction:
Does th2 cytokine profile in infants predispose to improved graft acceptance after liver transplantation?
### Response:
| We conclude from the data that the physiological balance toward a Th2 cytokine profile of infants in the first months of life predisposes to improved graft acceptance. Transplantation of children with biliary atresia as early as possible, avoiding Th1 stimulation by recurrent infections and vaccinations, may have a positive impact on overall tolerance. |
### Instruction:
Do gap junction blockers decrease defibrillation thresholds without changes in ventricular refractoriness in isolated rabbit hearts?
### Response:
| Electrical uncoupling by 16-DSA and 1-heptanol significantly lowers DFT and dispersion of VFCL without altering refractoriness; lidocaine, at doses resulting in similar slowing of conduction, increases DFT. |
### Instruction:
Does c-Jun decrease voltage-gated K ( + ) channel activity in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells?
### Response:
| These results suggest that c-Jun-mediated PASMC proliferation is associated with a decrease in I(K(V)). The resultant membrane depolarization increases [Ca(2+)](cyt) and enhances PASMC growth. |
### Instruction:
Does diet enrichment with calcium and magnesium enhance the cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols in obese Zucker rats?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate that the cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols is enhanced by the co-administration of divalent calcium and magnesium cations but not by monovalent sodium and potassium cations. |
### Instruction:
Does up-shoot in adduction have no prognostic value for decompensation in refractive accommodative esotropia?
### Response:
| Up-shoot in adduction is not a common sign in RAET. When present, it does not necessarily represent a negative prognostic sign for preservation of normal binocular vision through glasses in this condition. Up-shoot in adduction can develop after the loss of alignment in some decompensated patients. There is therefore no evidence in favour of a cause-effect relationship between up-shoot in adduction and loss of binocularity in RAET. |
### Instruction:
Is hepatitis C virus infection associated with a marked increase in the prevalence of ophthalmic morbidity?
### Response:
| Chronic heptatitis C does not cause any marked increase in the incidence of ocular disease. |
### Instruction:
Do lidocaine and mexiletine inhibit mitochondrial oxidation in rat ventricular myocytes?
### Response:
| Both lidocaine and mexiletine reduced flavoprotein fluorescence induced by diazoxide in rat ventricular myocytes, indicating that these antiarrhythmic drugs may produce impairment of mitochondrial oxidation mediated by mitochondrial K(ATP) channels. |
### Instruction:
Does chronic subcutaneous octreotide decrease gastrointestinal blood loss in blue rubber-bleb nevus syndrome?
### Response:
| Octreotide decreased the patient's need for blood transfusions. Possible mechanisms include altering blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract and direct effects on the venous malformations. |
### Instruction:
Do differentiation of calcification from chronic hemorrhage with corrected gradient echo phase imaging?
### Response:
| We conclude that calcified granuloma can be easily differentiated from chronic hemorrhage with corrected gradient echo phase imaging, which may obviate the need for CT for its confirmation. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Performing escharectomy following `` clinical guidelines '' in extensively burned patients during burn shock stage ]?
### Response:
| The results show that escharectomy could be performed during shock stage under clinical guidelines with reasonable safety. |
### Instruction:
Are plasma leptin concentrations associated with bone mineral density and the presence of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women?
### Response:
| Our study showed that plasma leptin levels but not %fat are associated with BMD and the presence of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women, suggesting that circulating leptin might play a physiological role in maintaining bone mass as well as better bone quality. |
### Instruction:
Does cyclosporin for severe ulcerative colitis increase the rate of perioperative complications?
### Response:
| There is no increased incidence of perioperative complications associated with the use of intravenous cyclosporin in addition to steroids in acute severe ulcerative colitis provided cyclosporin treatment is for a defined period and surgery is not delayed. |
### Instruction:
Does social influence on the sexual behaviors of adolescent girls in at-risk circumstances?
### Response:
| The social context of adolescent girls' lives can promote sexual activity and unprotected sex. Effective prevention efforts must acknowledge the context within which sexual risk occurs and address motivations and barriers in the target population. |
### Instruction:
Does uniform platelet activation exist before coronary stent implantation despite aspirin therapy?
### Response:
| Platelets are indeed activated before coronary stenting despite antecedent therapy with aspirin. |
### Instruction:
Does degranulation of mast cells provoke a massive inflammatory reaction in the tympanic membrane?
### Response:
| The mast cells of the pars flaccida have the capacity to elicit an intense inflammation of the tympanic membrane. The biphasic reaction pattern resembles that observed in experimental otitis media, suggesting involvement of the mast cells in this inflammatory condition of the middle ear. |
### Instruction:
Do adenovirus calcium phosphate coprecipitates enhance squamous cell carcinoma gene transfer?
### Response:
| Data in the present study suggest that adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to SCCHN cell lines is a result of limited viral receptors. Delivering adenovirus in a calcium phosphate coprecipitate enhanced gene transfer and, perhaps, the therapeutic index. |
### Instruction:
Do french intensivists apply American recommendations regarding decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapy?
### Response:
| A decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining therapy was implemented for half the patients who died in the French intensive care units studied. In many cases, the decision was taken without regard for one or more factors identified as relevant in U.S. guidelines. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Experiences of early management of mass burn casualties ]?
### Response:
| 1. Mass burn casualties can be handled with satisfactory results if emergency care and professional treatment are well organized. 2. Mass burn casualties are usually caused by human errors, therefore they can be prevented. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Implementation of `` four-early principle '' to raise the successful rate in mass burn casualties ]?
### Response:
| The application of "four-early principle" on the treatment of mass burn casualties is feasible and effective. |
### Instruction:
Does fluvastatin in combination with rad significantly reduce graft vascular disease in rat cardiac allografts?
### Response:
| Fluvastatin significantly decreased GVD in a rat model produced using low-dose RAD immunosuppression. To a lesser extent, pravastatin also decreased GVD in this model. These data lend further support for the study of fluvastatin, pravastatin, and other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors for the prevention of GVD in cardiac transplant patients. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibitory conditioning stimulus in transcranial magnetic stimulation reduce the number of excited spinal motor neurons?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that the transcranial conditioning stimulus does not change the degrees of desynchronization of spinal motor neuron discharges, but results in a reduced number of excited alpha motor neurons. This reduction can be estimated by both MEPs and TST. |
### Instruction:
Is posttraumatic stress symptomatology associated with unexplained illness attributed to Persian Gulf War military service?
### Response:
| PTSS related to war zone trauma warrants additional prospective research study and attention in clinical screening and assessment as a potential contributor to the often debilitating physical health problems experienced by Persian Gulf War veterans. |
### Instruction:
Is antepartum depressive symptomatology associated with adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes?
### Response:
| Previous studies have shown that antepartum anxiety or stress was associated with growth retardation, premature delivery, and epidural analgesia. Our findings add to this body of evidence, which together suggest an adverse impact of antepartum psychological morbidity on maternal and neonatal well-being. |
### Instruction:
Do magnetic resonance imaging of the lung with a volumetric interpolated 3D-gradient echo sequence?
### Response:
| The high spatial resolution, the excellent visualization of lung anatomy, the low rate of artifacts without respiratory triggering and the short acquisition times are clear advantages of the 3D-GRE (VI-BE) sequence compared to existing 2D-GRE strategies for MRI of the lung. |
### Instruction:
Does ropivacaine with or without clonidine improve pediatric tonsillectomy pain?
### Response:
| Preincisional injection of ropivacaine with clonidine prior to tonsillectomy has a preemptive analgesic effect that outlasts the local anesthetic and decreases pain, opioid use, and the time to return to normal activity. |
### Instruction:
Is endothelial C4d deposition associated with inferior kidney allograft outcome independently of cellular rejection?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that endothelial C4d deposition is associated with inferior graft outcome. We provide evidence that this immunohistochemical finding and its clinical impact are not associated with morphological signs of cellular rejection. |
### Instruction:
Does dietary L-arginine attenuate expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in the aortae of hypercholesterolemic rats?
### Response:
| Inhibitory effect of dietary supplementation of L-arginine on VCAM-1 expression may be one of the mechanisms of its antiatherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Does lung recruitment at birth improve lung function in immature lambs receiving surfactant?
### Response:
| Lung recruitment at birth does not improve the response to surfactant in immature lambs, but may instead have an adverse effect on lung function and morphology. |
### Instruction:
Do adipose tissues display differential phagocytic and microbicidal activities depending on their localization?
### Response:
| Taken together these results suggest that the role as macrophage-like cells for cells of the fat stroma-vascular fraction, among which preadipocytes, is not negligible. This emphasizes the relationship existing between inflammatory and adipose cells. A differential responsiveness of adipose pads to infections and inflammatory situations due to the specific phagocytic ability of their SVF cells was thus proposed. |
### Instruction:
Does tetradecylthioacetic acid reduce stenosis development after balloon angioplasty injury of rabbit iliac arteries?
### Response:
| treatment with TTA is associated with positive arterial remodeling after angioplasty injury. The significance of the in vitro inhibition of human smooth muscle cell proliferation needs to be further elucidated. |
### Instruction:
Does follicular fluid enhance sperm attraction and its motility in human?
### Response:
| We conclude that hFF clearly plays a crucial role in enhancing attraction and motility of spermatozoa, and progesterone has strong effect on attraction of spermatozoa. |
### Instruction:
Does effective blood pressure treatment improve LDL-cholesterol susceptibility to oxidation in patients with essential hypertension?
### Response:
| In nondiabetic, nonobese, normolipidaemic patients with essential hypertension, LDL susceptibility to copper- and cell-mediated oxidation is increased. BP normalization is associated with a significant improvement, but not a full reversal, of this abnormality. |
### Instruction:
Is autosomal dominant canine malignant hyperthermia caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the skeletal muscle calcium release channel ( RYR1 )?
### Response:
| These results indicate that autosomal dominant canine MH is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the skeletal muscle calcium release channel and that the MHS trait in this pedigree of mixed-breed dogs is in perfect cosegregation with the RYR1 V547A mutation. |
### Instruction:
Does low-concentration lidocaine rapidly inhibit axonal transport in cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons?
### Response:
| Low-concentration lidocaine rapidly inhibits axonal transport and neurite growth via activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. |
### Instruction:
Does propofol attenuate capacitative calcium entry in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells?
### Response:
| Tyrosine kinases activate and PKC inhibits CCE in PASMCs. Propofol attenuates CCE primarily via a PKC-dependent pathway. CCE should be considered a possible cellular target for anesthetic agents that alter vascular smooth muscle tone. |
### Instruction:
Are preimmunization anti-pneumococcal antibody levels protective in a majority of patients with cystic fibrosis?
### Response:
| In contradistinction to our hypothesis, the majority of CF patients have protective preimmunization anti-pneumococcal antibody levels. However, a significant proportion-between 17% and 39%, depending on the serotype-did not exhibit adequate levels. Therefore, we concur with current recommendations for pneumococcal immunization in CF. |
### Instruction:
Is interferon beta-1a in children with multiple sclerosis well tolerated?
### Response:
| Preliminary data indicate that weekly intramuscular injections of IFNB-1 a are well tolerated. |
### Instruction:
Is iGF status altered by tamoxifen in patients with breast cancer?
### Response:
| Tamoxifen increases IGF-BP3 and IGF-BP1 concentrations. It also decreases the IGF-1 to IGF-BP3 ratio but this effect may be limited after long term use. Longer follow up, with larger numbers of patients, should determine when, and for how long, tamoxifen can reduce circulating IGF-1. |
### Instruction:
Does [ In contrast to captopril and enalapril , losartan increase mortality of gerbils after carotid ligation ]?
### Response:
| In contrast to oral preadministration of enalapril and captopril that of losartan does not increase the mortality of the gerbil after unilateral carotid ligation in spite of the same decrease in systemic blood pressure. Although a lower mortality than in controls was not observed with losartan as in the princeps study of Fernandez, these data are consistent with the demonstration by this author that angiotensin II plays a critical protective role in acute ischemia probably by promoting collateral circulation recruitment through non-AT1 receptors stimulation. |
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