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### Instruction:
Does extended allergen exposure in asthmatic monkeys induce neuroplasticity in nucleus tractus solitarius?
### Response:
| The finding that NTS neurons in a primate model of allergic asthma undergo intrinsic increases in excitability suggests that CNS mechanisms might contribute to the exaggerated symptoms in asthmatic individuals exposed to allergen. |
### Instruction:
Does iL-13 induce eosinophil recruitment into the lung by an IL-5- and eotaxin-dependent mechanism?
### Response:
| Selective components of the IL-13-induced asthma phenotype--airway eosinophilia but not mucus secretion--are differentially regulated by IL-5 and eotaxin. IL-5 is required for IL-13 to induce eosinophilia throughout the lung, whereas eotaxin regulates the distribution of airway eosinophils. |
### Instruction:
Is prognosis of acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era : medical evaluation still valuable?
### Response:
| Clinical classification at hospital presentation is a powerful predictor of short- and long-term survival post-myocardial infarction. |
### Instruction:
Do neurotrophic factors increase tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cell density of fetal mesencephalic cells?
### Response:
| Supplementation of appropriate trophic factors for hibernated fetal VMT cells promotes cell viability and the subsequent expression of THir-cell density. |
### Instruction:
Is prevalence of gastric metaplasia in the duodenal bulb low in Helicobacter pylori positive non-ulcer dyspepsia patients?
### Response:
| Helicobacter pylori infection has no major role in development of gastric metaplasia in duodenal bulb in non-ulcer dyspeptic patients. Furthermore, it does not result in positive CagA-serology, an increased risk for gastric metaplasia compared with CagA-seronegative cases. |
### Instruction:
Is transglutaminase-mediated cross-linking involved in the stabilization of extracellular matrix in human liver fibrosis?
### Response:
| Transglutaminase-mediated cross-linking occurs in liver extracellular matrix during the early, inflammatory, stage of liver fibrosis, whereas cross-linking by pyridinoline occurs mostly later in the fibrotic process. This could lead to the development of new anti-fibrotic treatments targeted to a specific stage of fibrosis. |
### Instruction:
Does expression of nucleolar protein p120 predict poor prognosis in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma?
### Response:
| This article provides the first evidence that the expression levels of p120 in tumor tissues can be used as an independent and powerful prognostic marker for resected stage I lung adenocarcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Do dendritic cells pulsed with apoptotic squamous cell carcinoma have anti-tumor effects when combined with interleukin-2?
### Response:
| Adoptive transfer of dendritic cells pulsed with apoptotic tumor cells as a source of tumor antigens, can elicit effective antitumor responses in the poorly immunogenic SCC model when combined with interleukin-2. |
### Instruction:
Does all-trans-retinoic acid enhance the effect of adenovirus-mediated wild-type p53 gene transfer in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that ATRA enhances AdCMVp53 expression through transcriptional mechanisms and can synergistically induce apoptosis in HNSCC cells. ATRA has a potential to enhance the effect of adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy for HNSCC. |
### Instruction:
Is risk of death from intercurrent disease excessively increased by modern postoperative radiotherapy for high-risk resected non-small-cell lung carcinoma?
### Response:
| Modern postoperative XRT for NSCLC does not excessively increase the risk of intercurrent deaths. Further study of postoperative XRT, particularly when using more sophisticated treatment planning and reasonable total doses, for carefully selected high-risk resected NSCLC is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Is placental glucose transport and utilisation altered at term in insulin-treated , gestational-diabetic patients?
### Response:
| These results suggest that materno-fetal glucose transport increases in the placentae of women with gestational diabetes mellitus who receive insulin compared with those women who do not receive insulin. |
### Instruction:
Do cows ' milk proteins cause similar Th1- and Th2-like immune response in diabetic and healthy children?
### Response:
| Proteins from cows' milk caused an equal Th1- and Th2-like immune response in diabetic and healthy children. Thus, our results do not support the hypothesis that cows' milk antigens are important for the immune process associated with Type I diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Does bone morphogenetic protein-5 ( BMP-5 ) promote dendritic growth in cultured sympathetic neurons?
### Response:
| These data suggest a role for BMP-5 in regulating dendritic growth in sympathetic neurons. The signaling pathway that mediates the dendrite-promoting activity of BMP-5 may involve binding to BMPR-IA and activation of Smad-1, and relative levels of BMP antagonists such as noggin and follistatin may modulate BMP-5 signaling. Since BMP-5 is expressed at relatively high levels not only in the developing but also the adult nervous system, these findings suggest the possibility that BMP-5 regulates dendritic morphology not only in the developing, but also the adult nervous system. |
### Instruction:
Is autism in tuberous sclerosis complex related to both cortical and subcortical dysfunction?
### Response:
| These results suggest that generalized epilepsy in early life and functional deficits in the temporal neocortices may be associated with communication delays, and that functional imbalance in subcortical circuits may be associated with stereotypical behaviors and impaired social interaction in children with TSC. |
### Instruction:
Does immune reactivity in a mouse model of familial ALS correlate with disease progression?
### Response:
| The upregulation of proinflammatory factors during early presymptomatic stages as well as the expansion of immune activation as disease progresses in mutant SOD1 transgenic mice suggest that immune-inflammatory mechanisms could contribute to disease progression. |
### Instruction:
Does molecular heterogeneity of oligodendrogliomas suggest alternative pathways in tumor progression?
### Response:
| These results provide evidence for two alternative molecular pathways of progression in oligodendrogliomas. The first one is associated with loss of 1p and 19q and the second one with P16/CDKN2A deletion, 10q loss, and EGFR amplification. The findings confirm the value of loss of 1p as predictor of longer progression-free survival; in addition, the study demonstrates the unfavorable impact of 10q loss and EGFR amplification on the prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Does the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener nicorandil protect the ischemic rabbit spinal cord?
### Response:
| Nicorandil has a protective effect on the ischemic rabbit spinal cord, and the beneficial effect seems mediated through the activation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels. |
### Instruction:
Does short-term oral estrogen replacement therapy augment endothelium-independent myocardial perfusion in postmenopausal women?
### Response:
| Short-term oral ERT does not affect myocardial perfusion at rest in response to adenosine or MPR in healthy postmenopausal women. Thus potential beneficial effects of ERT on vasomotor function may be limited to enhancement of endothelium-dependent vasodilative mechanisms affecting conduit vessels. |
### Instruction:
Does sirolimus allow early cyclosporine withdrawal in renal transplantation resulting in improved renal function and lower blood pressure?
### Response:
| Sirolimus, CsA, and steroids for 3 months posttransplant, followed by elimination of CsA, is a safe and effective alternative to continuous therapy with sirolimus, CsA, and steroids that can result in better renal function and lower blood pressure. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Effects of NGF and CNTF on NO level in brain of burn rats ]?
### Response:
| The brain injury caused by burns may be associated with increase of NO. The protective effect of NGF and CNTF on the brain of burn rats may be related to lowering of NO. |
### Instruction:
Does clinical rather than laboratory assessment predict continence after anterior sphincteroplasty?
### Response:
| Clinical rather than manometric assessment predicts continence after anterior sphincteroplasty. |
### Instruction:
Does diabetes mellitus prevent ischemic preconditioning in patients with a first acute anterior wall myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Prodromal angina limited infarct size, enhanced recovery of LV function and improved survival in non-diabetic patients with AMI. However, such beneficial effects of prodromal angina were not observed in diabetic patients, suggesting that diabetes might prevent ischemic preconditioning. |
### Instruction:
Does conjugation with ( 111 ) In-DTPA-poly ( ethylene glycol ) improve imaging of anti-EGF receptor antibody C225?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that (111)In-DTPA-PEG-C225 selectively localized to the tumors expressing high levels of EGFR. PEG-modification of C225 significantly reduced its liver uptake, resulting in improved visualization of EGFR-positive tumors. Using PEG as a linker between the monoclonal antibody and metal chelator is a useful strategy to optimize the imaging characteristics of antibody-based scintigraphic agents. |
### Instruction:
Does magnetic resonance imaging correlate of depression after ischemic stroke?
### Response:
| Lesions affecting the prefrontosubcortical circuits, especially on the left side, are correlates of depression after ischemic stroke. |
### Instruction:
Is chronic phosphocreatine depletion by the creatine analogue beta-guanidinopropionate associated with increased mortality and loss of ATP in rats after myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Rats with an 87% predepletion of myocardial PCr content cannot survive an acute MI. Chronically infarcted hearts subjected to additional PCr depletion cannot maintain ATP homeostasis. |
### Instruction:
Does heme oxygenase-1 inhibit atherogenesis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits?
### Response:
| These results suggest the possibilities that HO-1 has antiatherogenic properties in vivo and that the antiatherogenic properties of HO-1 are conducted through the prevention of lipid peroxidation. |
### Instruction:
Does c225 antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody enhance tumor radiocurability?
### Response:
| The data presented here demonstrate that C225 can increase tumor radiocurability and delay the appearance of recurrences of tumors not cured by radiation treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is tumor angiogenesis of low-grade astrocytomas measured by dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI ( DSC-MRI ) predictive of local tumor control after radiation therapy?
### Response:
| In fibrillary low-grade astrocytomas, a noninvasive assessment of angiogenesis as indicated by rCBV measurement was feasible. The present data suggest that high pretherapeutic angiogenic activity in low-grade astrocytomas indicates a subgroup of tumors at higher risk for early local recurrence or malignant transformation after FSRT. |
### Instruction:
Does repopulation of FaDu human squamous cell carcinoma during fractionated radiotherapy correlate with reoxygenation?
### Response:
| Our data are most consistent with a biphasic course of clonogen repopulation during fractionated RT of FaDu-hSCC under clamp hypoxia with a switch in T(clon) after about 22 days of treatment ("dog-leg"). A similar biphasic course of cell repopulation was observed under ambient conditions. The temporal coincidence between repopulation and reoxygenation suggests that the latter might be the stimulus for proliferation in FaDu tumors. |
### Instruction:
Does simultaneous administration of glucose and hyperoxic gas achieve greater improvement in tumor oxygenation than hyperoxic gas alone?
### Response:
| We demonstrated the feasibility of combining hyperglycemia with O(2) to improve tumor oxygenation. However, some cell lines are not susceptible to the Crabtree effect, and the magnitude is dependent on baseline pO(2). Additional or alternative manipulations may be necessary to achieve more uniform improvement in pO(2). |
### Instruction:
Is lymphatic vessel invasion an independent prognostic factor in patients with a primary resected tumor with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| These data clearly show that LVI is an independent prognostic factor in patients with SCC and confirm the importance of a systematic pathohistologic workup. The prognosis of patients with R0-resected tumors with LVI is equal to patients with an incomplete tumor resection. This supports the inclusion of LVI in the UICC classification system for esophageal carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Is sexual dimorphism in circulating leptin concentrations accounted for by differences in adipose tissue distribution?
### Response:
| The sexual dimorphism in the relationship between leptin and adipose tissue mass cannot be explained by differences in the relative amounts of VAT and SAT. Thus, the sexual dimorphism in plasma leptin concentration appears to reflect, at least in part, effects of circulating concentrations of gonadal steroids (especially androgens) and/or primary genetic differences that are independent of amounts of VAT or SAT. |
### Instruction:
Does retinoic acid enhance the cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine and cisplatin in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells?
### Response:
| Our results clearly suggest the need for additional studies exploring the potential role of the combination of retinoids and gemcitabine in the management of pancreatic cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does p27 ( kip1 ) immunoreactivity correlate with long-term survival in pleural malignant mesothelioma?
### Response:
| The combined expression of high/low p27(kip1) and low/high Ki-67 values identified with 100% specificity and sensitivity long versus short survivors. p27(kip1) represents a reliable additional predictive factor for PMMs and a useful marker to identify patients having a more favorable prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Is formation of pinopodes in human endometrium associated with the concentrations of progesterone and progesterone receptors?
### Response:
| The increase in serum progesterone level and down-regulation of progesterone receptor B are important in development of pinopodes. |
### Instruction:
Does serum thioredoxin elucidate the significance of serum ferritin as a marker of oxidative stress in chronic liver diseases?
### Response:
| Oxidative stress, which was evaluated by measuring serum TRX, in addition to storage iron and hepatocyte damage is a cause of increasing serum ferritin levels in chronic liver diseases. An elevated serum ferritin level, which was correlated with TS, indicates that iron-induced oxidative stress contributes to CH-C. Elevated ferritin levels in FL and ALD may be mostly due to iron-unrelated stresses. |
### Instruction:
Does withdrawal from chronic morphine administration cause prolonged enhancement of immobility in rat forced swimming test?
### Response:
| The results suggest that the morphine withdrawal resulted in prolonged enhancement of depression-like behavior in drug-dependent laboratory animals. |
### Instruction:
Is hev b 7 a Hevea brasiliensis protein associated with latex allergy in children with spina bifida?
### Response:
| From these data, we conclude that Hev b 7, the patatin-like Hevea latex protein, is the third SB-associated latex allergen. Future immunotherapy for latex-allergic individuals with SB will have to include Hev b 7 in addition to Hev b 1 and Hev b 3. |
### Instruction:
Is wheat omega-5 gliadin a major allergen in children with immediate allergy to ingested wheat?
### Response:
| The results of this study show that omega-5 gliadin is a significant allergen in young children with immediate allergic reactions to ingested wheat. IgE testing with omega-5 gliadin could be used to reduce the need for oral wheat challenges in children. |
### Instruction:
Does laser in situ keratomileusis result after intrastromal corneal ring segments ( Intacs )?
### Response:
| Reversibility of the myopic Intacs is demonstrated. Removal of Intacs may be followed by a safe and effective LASIK for low to moderate myopia. |
### Instruction:
Do colonisation density and topographic localisation of Helicobacter pylori depend on the cagA status?
### Response:
| Antibody titres do not correlate with H pylori density and there is no difference in density between cagA(+) and cagA(-)H pylori strains. In addition there is no difference in topographic localisation between cagA(+) and cagA(-) H pylori strains. |
### Instruction:
Does all-trans retinoic acid reduce intimal thickening after balloon angioplasty in atherosclerotic rabbits?
### Response:
| Oral ATRA administration can be effective in inhibiting intimal thickening after balloon angioplasty. It is reasonable that ATRA should be administered immediately after angioplasty. |
### Instruction:
Is hemicrania continua that rare?
### Response:
| Hemicrania continua is not a rare disorder. All cases of chronic unilateral daily headaches should receive an indomethacin trial early if not first in treatment. |
### Instruction:
Does structure of a conjugating enzyme-ubiquitin thiolester intermediate reveal a novel role for the ubiquitin tail?
### Response:
| Complementary surfaces were found on the E2 and Ub proteins whereby the C terminus of Ub wraps around the E2 protein terminating in the thiolester between C88 (Ubc1(Delta450)) and G76 (Ub). The model supports in vivo and in vitro experiments of E2 derivatives carrying surface residue substitutions. Furthermore, the model provides insights into the arrangement of Ub, E2, and E3 within a ternary targeting complex. |
### Instruction:
Are transient relapses ( `` blips '' ) of plasma HIV RNA levels during HAART associated with drug resistance?
### Response:
| Plasma HIV RNA blips during HAART can be associated with selection of drug-resistant HIV. This indicates that viral replication may occur during HAART, probably caused by a temporary decrease in active drug concentrations. A blip containing only wild-type virus is not necessarily caused by viral replication. In this situation the raise of HIV RNA could also originate from release of wild-type viruses, caused by activation of the latent virus reservoir. Independent of the mechanism, blips did not preclude successful inhibition of viral replication during 2-year follow-up in the majority of these cases. |
### Instruction:
Does short term oral estriol treatment restore normal premenopausal vaginal flora to elderly women?
### Response:
| Estriol, which has little effect on the endometrium, has the potential to be highly useful for the treatment of atrophic vaginitis. |
### Instruction:
Is community mortality after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm unrelated to the distance from the surgical centre?
### Response:
| Distance from Raigmore Hospital had no significant impact on community mortality from RAAA. |
### Instruction:
Is the G-308A variant of the Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) gene associated with obesity , insulin resistance and body fat distribution?
### Response:
| Our study did not detect any significant association of the G-308A TNFalpha polymorphism with obesity or with its clinical and metabolic abnormalities in this population. Our data suggests that, in our population, the G-308A TNFalpha polymorphism is unlikely to play a major role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. |
### Instruction:
Is amiA a negative regulator of acetamidase expression in Mycobacterium smegmatis?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that amiA encodes a negative regulatory protein which interacts with P2. Since amiA has homology to DNA-binding proteins, it is likely that it exerts the regulatory effect by binding to the promoter to prevent transcription. |
### Instruction:
Is single atriocaval cannulation associated with increased incidence of hypercirculatory failure after cardiopulmonary bypass?
### Response:
| The present study results demonstrate that single atrial cannulation is associated with a significantly higher incidence of HCF. This is presumably caused by infusion of cardioplegic solution into the systemic circulation. |
### Instruction:
Does human liver disease decrease methacrylyl-CoA hydratase and beta-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase activities in valine catabolism?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that low levels of these enzyme activities in livers with cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma are the result of posttranscriptional regulation in the damaged liver. |
### Instruction:
Does endothelium-derived endothelin-1 reduce cerebral artery sensitivity to nitric oxide by a protein kinase C-independent pathway?
### Response:
| Blockade of ET(A) but not ET(B) receptors sensitizes vascular smooth muscle to exogenous and endothelium-derived NO. This suggests that ET-1 regulates smooth muscle sensitivity to NO by a PKC-independent pathway. This represents an alternative pathway by which NO and ET-1 interact to regulate vascular tone. |
### Instruction:
Does superoxide during reperfusion contribute to caspase-8 expression and apoptosis after transient focal stroke?
### Response:
| The results suggest that increased reactive oxygen species production during reperfusion may contribute to the induction of caspase-8, thereby exacerbating apoptosis after FCI. |
### Instruction:
Does reversal of early diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities necessarily reflect tissue salvage in experimental cerebral ischemia?
### Response:
| After brief ischemic periods, normalization of the DWI does not necessarily imply that the tissue is normal. Neurons already exhibit evidence of structural damage and stress. Normal GFAP staining suggests that other nonneuronal cell populations may partially compensate for altered fluid balances at the time of DWI reversal despite the presence of neuronal injury. These observations suggest that caution is warranted when relying solely on DWI for assessment of ischemic damage. |
### Instruction:
Is cocaine use an independent risk factor for cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage?
### Response:
| We conclude that there is an increased prevalence of vasospasm in aSAH patients with recent cocaine exposure but no difference in clinical outcome. In addition, these patients are younger and more likely to have anterior circulation aneurysms. |
### Instruction:
Does cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor ns-398 protect neuronal cultures from lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity?
### Response:
| COX-2, in part through TNF-alpha-related mechanisms, contributes to LPS-induced neuronal death. The data support the hypothesis that COX-2, in addition to its role in glutamate excitotoxicity, participates in the cytotoxicity associated with inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Is p63 protein expression rare in prostate adenocarcinoma : implications for cancer diagnosis and carcinogenesis?
### Response:
| In contrast to normal and preneoplastic prostatic tissue, the vast majority of prostate adenocarcinomas do not express p63. Therefore, p63 immunohistochemistry represents a potential novel adjuvant method for facilitating the pathologic diagnosis of prostate cancer in prostate needle biopsies. The selective expression of p63 in normal basal cells, coupled with the finding that p63 null mice fail to develop prostates, provides strong evidence that the basal cells represent prostatic epithelial stem cells. In addition, these findings suggest that p63 may protect prostatic epithelial cells against neoplastic transformation and support the hypothesis that intermediately differentiated cells in the luminal epithelium of PIA are the targets of neoplastic transformation in the prostate. |
### Instruction:
Is latex allergy in pediatric surgery dependent on repeated operations in the first year of life?
### Response:
| This study emphasizes that individuals undergoing surgical interventions during infancy should be handled latex free from the very beginning of life. |
### Instruction:
Does laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum preserve cell-mediated immunity in an immature animal model?
### Response:
| These data suggest a transient suppression of cell-mediated immunity in open procedures when compared with laparoscopic interventions using CO(2) in a pediatric animal model. In addition, the type of gas used during laparoscopy also may modulate this transient immunosuppression. |
### Instruction:
Are tumor size and oxygenation independent predictors of nodal diseases in patients with cervix cancer?
### Response:
| In this patient population, there was a significantly increased risk of nodal or distant metastases in patients with hypoxic tumors, and this finding was independent of tumor size. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that tumor hypoxia is an adverse prognostic factor associated with selection for a metastatic phenotype. |
### Instruction:
Does otilonium bromide enhance sensory thresholds of volume and pressure in patients with irritable bowel syndrome?
### Response:
| These data suggest that otilonium bromide enhances sensory thresholds to recto-sigmoideal distention. |
### Instruction:
Do periodontal infections contribute to elevated systemic C-reactive protein level?
### Response:
| The extent of increase in CRP levels in periodontitis patients depends on the severity of the disease after adjusting for age, smoking, body mass index, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Also, there are elevated levels of CRP associated with infection with subgingival organisms often associated with periodontal disease, including P.g., P.i., C.r., and B.f. Recent investigations emphasized the role of moderate elevated CRP plasma levels as a risk factor for CVD. The positive correlation between CRP and periodontal disease might be a possible underlying pathway in the association between periodontal disease and the observed higher risk for CVD in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase reduce bacterial translocation in a rat model of acute pancreatitis?
### Response:
| Treatment with SMT appears to have ameliorated the course of acute pancreatitis; however, mortality was not affected. |
### Instruction:
Are cellular crescents and segmental glomerular necrosis in IgA nephropathy indicative of the beneficial effects of corticosteroid therapy?
### Response:
| These results suggested that the early response to PSL in reducing serum Cr and proteinuria by 3 months of treatment may be clinically useful to predict the prognosis of IgA nephropathy and that C/F crescents and/ or SGN may be histologically indicative of the beneficial effects of PSL therapy in IgA nephropathy. |
### Instruction:
Does bCL2 expression correlate with metastatic potential in pancreatic cancer cell lines?
### Response:
| The authors conclude that increased BCL2 expression correlates with apoptotic resistance and metastatic potential; dysregulation of BCL2 expression may be involved in the metastatic progression of pancreatic carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Is the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 ternary complex reduced in cirrhosis?
### Response:
| Cirrhosis is associated with reduced levels of the 150-kDa ternary IGFBP-3 complex correlating with the degree of liver disease. |
### Instruction:
Is pentobarbital-induced place preference in rats blocked by GABA , dopamine , and opioid antagonists?
### Response:
| Pretreatment with the antagonists bicuculline, eticlopride, and naloxone blocked a 15 mg/kg pentobarbital CPP. This indicates that GABAergic, dopaminergic, and opioid systems play a role in the reinforcing properties of pentobarbital. |
### Instruction:
Does flecainide widen the excitable gap at pivot points of premature turning wavefronts in rabbit ventricular myocardium?
### Response:
| Flecainide widens the excitable gap in the returning limb of premature U-turning wavefronts by causing macroscopic discontinuous conduction and functional conduction block at the pivot point. |
### Instruction:
Is loss of the potassium channel beta-subunit gene , KCNAB2 , associated with epilepsy in patients with 1p36 deletion syndrome?
### Response:
| Lack of the beta subunit would be predicted to reduce K(+) channel-mediated membrane repolarization and increase neuronal excitability, suggesting a possible relation between loss of this gene and the development of seizures. Because some patients with seizures were not deleted for KCNAB2, there may be additional genes within 1p36 that contribute to epilepsy in this syndrome. Hemizygosity of this gene in a majority of monosomy 1p36 syndrome patients with epilepsy suggests that haploinsufficiency for KCNAB2 is a significant risk factor for epilepsy. |
### Instruction:
Do anti-interleukin-6 antibodies attenuate inflammation in a rat meningitis model?
### Response:
| In this rat meningitis model, systemic treatment with anti-IL-6 antibodies after the induction of meningitis suppressed both CSF WBC count and CSF protein level, two important indices of meningeal inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Does acute hypoglycemia in humans cause attentional dysfunction while nonverbal intelligence is preserved?
### Response:
| During hypoglycemia, a significant deterioration occurs in attentional abilities, whereas fluid intelligence is preserved. On the basis of these results, it can be surmised that many complex attention tasks relevant to everyday life are impaired during moderate hypoglycemia. |
### Instruction:
Is elective groin irradiation indicated for patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum extending to the anal canal?
### Response:
| Inguinal nodal failure in rectal cancer patients with ACI treated with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemoradiation is not high enough to justify routine elective groin irradiation. |
### Instruction:
Are leptin concentrations elevated in newborn infants of diabetic mothers?
### Response:
| Our results confirm the relation between leptin concentrations and birth weight. They also suggest that leptin may be involved in the increased accumulation of adipose tissue characteristic of infants of diabetic mothers. |
### Instruction:
Is endometrial osteopontin , a ligand of beta3-integrin , maximally expressed around the time of the `` implantation window ''?
### Response:
| Expression of osteopontin and its receptor, beta3-integrin, in human endometrial glands and osteopontin secretion into the uterine cavity around the time of the "implantation window" suggest a role for these proteins in endometrial function and implantation. |
### Instruction:
Does epidemiological progress of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China?
### Response:
| Chinese workers on the epidemiology and prevention of HFRS in China have accomplished great achievements since 1981. As the relatively high annual incidence of HFRS sustained in recent years, control measures have to be reinforced. Many problems of HFRS and hantavirus infections are still not well understood or unclear, such as the poly-host nature, and the multi-modes of transmission, the natural history of hantaviruses and their genetic variation occurred in nature etc. The task for effective control of HFRS and the research on its epidemiology in China should be held on a high priority. |
### Instruction:
Is t cell receptor excision circle ( TREC ) content following maximum HIV suppression equivalent in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals?
### Response:
| The finding that TREC expression was equivalent between HIV-positive patients after therapy and HIV-negative donors suggests that there is no reduction in thymic output among HIV-positive individuals after therapy. Given that TREC is inversely correlated with HLA-DR/CD38 expression, its analysis in studies of thymopoiesis should be evaluated in the context of maximum viral suppression to reduce HIV-mediated immune activation and/or by normalizing for cell turnover. |
### Instruction:
Are cD4 T cell expansions associated with increased apoptosis rates of T lymphocytes during IL-2 cycles in HIV infected patients?
### Response:
| Administration of IL-2 for 5 days in HIV infected patients leads to enhanced apoptosis of both CD4 and CD8 T cells despite an eventual increase of the CD4 T cell count. A profound activation state with induction of activation markers on T cells and high levels of TNFalpha and IL-6 accompanies the increased apoptosis during the IL-2 cycle. These data suggest that the CD4 expansions seen in the context of intermittent IL-2 therapy are the net result of increases in both cell proliferation and cell death. |
### Instruction:
Does n-acetylcysteine increase cerebral perfusion pressure in pigs with fulminant hepatic failure?
### Response:
| Intravenous N-acetylcysteine infusion increases cerebral perfusion pressure in pigs with fulminant hepatic failure. Earlier reported effects on oxygen transport and uptake could not be confirmed. |
### Instruction:
Does isoproterenol enhance myofilament Ca ( 2+ ) sensitivity during hypothermia in isolated guinea pig beating hearts?
### Response:
| Enhancement of myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity is involved in the improvement of cardiac function by isoproterenol under spontaneous beating during hypothermia. |
### Instruction:
Does conscious sedation with midazolam or propofol alter left ventricular diastolic performance in patients with preexisting diastolic dysfunction : a transmitral and tissue Doppler transthoracic echocardiography study?
### Response:
| Sedation with midazolam or propofol does not alter indices of left ventricular diastolic function in healthy patients and those with preexisting left ventricular filling abnormalities as evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. |
### Instruction:
Does induction of anesthesia with ketamine reduce the magnitude of redistribution hypothermia?
### Response:
| Core hypothermia during the first hour of anesthesia was less after induction of anesthesia with ketamine than propofol. Maintaining arteriovenous shunt vasoconstriction during induction of anesthesia reduces the magnitude of redistribution hypothermia. |
### Instruction:
Do obese patients ' perceptions of treatment outcomes and the factors that influence them?
### Response:
| These data signal a therapeutic dilemma in which the amount of weight loss produced by the best behavioral and/or pharmacologic treatments is viewed as even less than disappointing. Patients with the highest pretreatment weights are likely to have the most unrealistic expectations for success. |
### Instruction:
Does nasopharyngeal oxygen therapy produce positive end-expiratory pressure in infants?
### Response:
| Administration of oxygen through an 8 F nasopharyngeal catheter at flow rates recommended by the World Health Organisation (0.5 l/min in newborns, 1.0 l/min in infants) produces moderate amounts of positive end-expiratory pressure. The levels achieved may contribute to an improvement in oxygenation by altering the visco-elastic properties of the lung. |
### Instruction:
Is acamprosate neuroprotective against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity when enhanced by ethanol withdrawal in neocortical cultures of fetal rat brain?
### Response:
| Acamprosate had protective effects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity only in ethanol-withdrawn cultures. The neuroprotective effects of the drug did not correlate with its effects on calcium entry, making it unlikely that acamprosate directly affects NMDA receptors via the glutamate binding site or the receptor-operated calcium channel. The results are, however, compatible with other inhibitory effects on NMDA receptor function. |
### Instruction:
Does early response to light therapy partially predict long-term antidepressant effects in patients with seasonal affective disorder?
### Response:
| In patients with SAD, the early response to light therapy may predict some aspects of long-term response to light therapy, but these results should be treated with caution until replicated. |
### Instruction:
Do mycolic acids and ancient DNA confirm an osteological diagnosis of tuberculosis?
### Response:
| Biomarkers provide a sensitive tool to detect ancient TB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA is not distributed homogeneously, making multiple sampling essential. Mycolic acids seem more reliable for ancient TB diagnosis than IS6110. The demonstrated stability of mycolic acids show that they may be of value in tracing the palaeoepidemiology of tuberculosis back into antiquity. |
### Instruction:
Does food Allergy Herbal Formula-1 ( FAHF-1 ) block peanut-induced anaphylaxis in a murine model?
### Response:
| FAHF-1 protected peanut-sensitized mice from anaphylactic reactions and significantly reversed established IgE-mediated peanut allergy. This suggests that FAHF-1 might prove valuable for the treatment of peanut allergy. |
### Instruction:
Is hypermethylation of the CD44 gene associated with progression and metastasis of human prostate cancer?
### Response:
| These results indicate an important role of CD44 methylation in the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer, although the amount of methylational heterogeneity is substantial among metastatic sites within the same patient. |
### Instruction:
Does leptin play a major role in platelet aggregation in obesity and leptin deficiency?
### Response:
| Our data show that similar to findings in obese humans, homozygous or heterozygous leptin deficiency is associated with increased platelet aggregation compared with controls, and that higher concentrations of leptin do not increase platelet aggregation. |
### Instruction:
Are obesity and sarcopenia after menopause reversed by sex hormone replacement therapy?
### Response:
| HRT is linked to the reversal of both menopause-related obesity and loss of lean mass, without overall change in body weight. The increase in lean body mass during HRT is likely explained by muscle anabolism, which in turn, prevents disease in the elderly. |
### Instruction:
Does flufenamic acid enhance current through maxi-K channels in the trabecular meshwork of the eye?
### Response:
| Flufenamic acid stimulates maxi-K channels in trabecular meshwork of both human and bovine origin. This should lead to hyperpolarization, closure of L-type channels and lowered cytosolic calcium levels, possibly explaining the relaxation observed in response to this substance. |
### Instruction:
Does proteolysis by m-calpain enhance in vitro light scattering by crystallins from human and bovine lenses?
### Response:
| Proteolysis may be a contributing factor in the insolubilization of crystallins occurring during normal maturation of lens or during cataract formation in such species as man and cows. |
### Instruction:
Is lysostaphin effective in treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis in the rabbit?
### Response:
| Lysostaphin is effective in treating experimental endophthalmitis mediated by MRSA. |
### Instruction:
Is sinusoidal efflux of taurocholate enhanced in Mrp2-deficient rat liver?
### Response:
| Enhanced sinusoidal efflux of TC in EHBR may be related to the altered disposition of bile acids in the mutant rats. Because Mrp3 transports TC and its expression is induced on the basolateral membrane of Mrp2-deficient rats, the enhanced sinusoidal efflux of TC in EHBR may be accounted for, at least partially, by the increased expression of Mrp3. |
### Instruction:
Are transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations no more frequent in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease than in asymptomatic volunteers?
### Response:
| TLESRs are no more frequent in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease than age- and sex-matched asymptomatic volunteers. However, when TLESRs occur in patients, they are twice as likely to be associated with acid reflux. |
### Instruction:
Does circuit resistance training improve the atherogenic lipid profiles of persons with chronic paraplegia?
### Response:
| This change reflects a cardiovascular risk reduction of almost 25%; the TC/HDL-C declined from the high-risk score of 5.0 to near the desired score of 3.5. These findings support the beneficial effects of circuit exercise resistance training on fitness and atherogenic lipid profiles in persons with chronic paraplegia. |
### Instruction:
Do transthyretin values correlate with mucosal recovery in patients with coeliac disease taking a gluten free diet?
### Response:
| Serial but not single measurements of transthyretin may be used as a non-invasive test to monitor mucosal recovery and therefore reduce the need for, or frequency of, follow up biopsies in treated patients with coeliac disease. |
### Instruction:
Is c-reactive protein increased in patients with degenerative aortic valvular stenosis?
### Response:
| Systemic signs of inflammation, similar to those found in atherosclerosis, are present in patients with degenerative aortic valve stenosis. They do not seem to be linked to C. pneumoniae or H. pylori infection. |
### Instruction:
Does intracoronary infusion of skeletal myoblasts improve cardiac function in doxorubicin-induced heart failure?
### Response:
| We demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of skeletal myoblast transplantation via the intracoronary route as a promising strategy for improving cardiac function in global heart failure. |
### Instruction:
Does selective chemical inactivation of AAA proteins reveal distinct functions of proteasomal ATPases?
### Response:
| These results describe a useful technique for the selective inactivation of AAA proteins. In addition, they also demonstrate that the functions of two related proteasomal AAA proteins are not redundant, suggesting differential roles of proteasomal AAA proteins in protein degradation. |
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