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### Instruction:
Do contrast microbubbles improve diagnostic yield in ICU patients with poor echocardiographic windows?
### Response:
| Use of echocardiographic contrast agents in selected patients with poor baseline echocardiographic windows in the ICU setting significantly enhances segmental LV visualization and yielded 100% conversion from nondiagnostic to diagnostic studies. |
### Instruction:
Does a flow cytometry assay simultaneously detect independent apoptotic parameters?
### Response:
| This technique allows us to integrate the analysis and to follow the kinetics of different apoptotic cell changes. |
### Instruction:
Does topical metronidazole abate UVB-induced erythema?
### Response:
| In our vehicle, metronidazole 1% cream failed to abate the UVB-induced erythema. An activity other than the anti-inflammatory one should be suggested to explain the topical metronidazole efficacy in rosacea. |
### Instruction:
Is influenza A infection an important cause of febrile seizures?
### Response:
| The influenza A Sydney variant (H3N2) was not associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures when compared with the previous influenza A Wuhan variant (H3N2) or H1N1 viruses. However, in hospitalized children, influenza A is associated with a higher incidence of febrile seizures and of repeated seizures in the same febrile episode than are adenovirus or parainfluenza infections. The pathogenesis of these observations warrants additional studies. Complex febrile seizures, particularly multiple febrile seizures at the time of presentation, have been thought to carry an adverse long-term prognosis because of its association with a higher incidence of epilepsy. Repeated febrile seizures alone, particularly if associated with influenza A infection, may not be as worrisome as children with complex febrile seizures because of other causes, which requires additional investigation. This may subsequently have an impact on reducing the burden of evaluation in a subset of children with complex febrile seizures. |
### Instruction:
Does exclusive breastfeeding reduce acute respiratory infection and diarrhea deaths among infants in Dhaka slums?
### Response:
| The important role of appropriate breastfeeding practices in the survival of infants is clear from this analysis. The reduction of ARI deaths underscores the broad-based beneficial effect of exclusive breastfeeding in prevention of infectious diseases beyond its role in reducing exposure to contaminated food, which may have contributed to the strong protection against diarrhea deaths. |
### Instruction:
Are sleep histories seldom documented on a general medical service?
### Response:
| Sleep histories are documented infrequently in hospitalized patients. Patients with a recorded sleep history more often have tests that suggest increased concerns about cardiorespiratory risk and/or a different process of care. |
### Instruction:
Does intraoperative prostaglandin E1 improve antimicrobial and inflammatory responses in alveolar immune cells?
### Response:
| Intraoperative PGE1 not only suppressed proinflammatory responses, but also protected antimicrobial functions of alveolar macrophages, possibly because PGE1 is mostly inactivated in the pulmonary intravascular space. Our results suggest that intraoperative PGE1 protects the pulmonary immune defense in alveolar immune cells. |
### Instruction:
Do reliable tidal volume estimates at the airway opening with an infant monitor during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation?
### Response:
| The Florian infant hot-wire flowmeter and monitoring system provides reliable measurements of Vt at the airway opening during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation when employed at frequencies of 8-13 Hz. The bedside application could improve monitoring of patients receiving high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, favor a better understanding of the physiologic consequences of different high-frequency oscillatory ventilation strategies, and therefore optimize treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is gastric feeding with erythromycin equivalent to transpyloric feeding in the critically ill?
### Response:
| Gastric feeding with erythromycin as a prokinetic is equivalent to transpyloric feeding in meeting the nutritional goals of the critically ill. |
### Instruction:
Does larger hip circumference independently predict health and longevity in a Swedish female cohort?
### Response:
| Recent interest in the waist circumference as an effective screening tool has taken the focus off of the hip circumference. The present results suggest that collection of hip measurements should not be discontinued in assessment of obesity-related risk status and health promotion. |
### Instruction:
Is mRP8 , a new member of ABC transporter superfamily , identified by EST database mining and gene prediction program , highly expressed in breast cancer?
### Response:
| The selective expression of MRP8 (ABCC11), a new member of ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily could be a molecular target for the treatment of breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is high preoperative plasma D-dimer level associated with advanced tumor stage and short survival after curative resection in patients with colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| Elevated plasma D-dimer levels in patients with colorectal cancer are associated with relatively advanced tumor stage and short postoperative survival after curative resection. It appears that measurement of preoperative D-dimer level would be useful in the preoperative diagnosis of tumor stage and prediction of postoperative survival. |
### Instruction:
Does lymphatic mapping improve staging during laparoscopic colectomy for cancer?
### Response:
| LM during laparoscopic colectomy for CRC may be useful to mark the primary tumor site and to demonstrate lymphatic drainage that can alter the margins of resection. Focused examination of SN identifies occult micrometastases that up-stage CRC. |
### Instruction:
Does alcohol impair protein synthesis and degradation in cultured skeletal muscle cells?
### Response:
| We have demonstrated that EtOH can directly inhibit muscle protein synthesis under in vitro conditions. Neither EtOH nor its metabolites altered basal protein degradation, although EtOH did compromise the ability of both insulin and IGF-I to slow proteolysis. This impairment seems to be mediated by different defects in signal transduction. |
### Instruction:
Does documentation of positive blood culture result in a London teaching hospital?
### Response:
| On-call doctors, not previously acquainted with a patient, will find that important information about day 1 positive blood culture results is not available to them in patient notes in around half of all cases. This adds weight to the view that medical microbiologists should give greater priority to ward visits and documentation of significant results, thus ensuring continuity of care from the laboratory bench to the bedside. |
### Instruction:
Does angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition improve cardiac neuronal uptake of noradrenaline in spontaneously hypertensive rats?
### Response:
| It is concluded that ACEI increases neuronal uptake of catecholamines in SHR in a blood pressure-independent manner. This effect occurs acutely and is independent of central sympathetic activity. Therefore, we hypothesize that ACEI modulate the activity of the cardiac noradrenaline transporter by direct activation. The improved uptake of noradrenaline may contribute to the antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of ACEI. |
### Instruction:
Does undernutrition during the first half of gestation increase the predominance of fetal tissue in late-gestation ovine placentomes?
### Response:
| Placental adaptations, including changes in gross morphology, may preserve fetal growth if maternal undernutrition is not severe. The mechanisms remain to be elucidated. |
### Instruction:
Do reconfiguration of the severely fibrotic penis with a penile implant?
### Response:
| Patients with severe penile curvature, shortening and impaired penile rigidity due to penile fibrosis may be offered this surgical alternative, which proved to be effective and safe in our preliminary series. |
### Instruction:
Is cardiac parasympathetic activity increased by weight loss in healthy obese women?
### Response:
| Cardiac PSA activity increases with weight loss in obese women. This increase may not be maintained long-term if body weight is regained. The rise of cardiac PSA is correlated with decreases of body fat mass, abdominal fat, serum insulin, and heart rate. Cardiac PSA is not related to REE. |
### Instruction:
Do antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies contribute to the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?
### Response:
| The evaluation of IgG aPE may allow us to detect some more patients with aPL-related clinical manifestations in the SLE population, aPE correlated particularly with valvulopathies and livedo reticularis. |
### Instruction:
Is novel platelet membrane glycoprotein VI dimorphism a risk factor for myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| The GP VI 13254CC genotype increases the risk of MI, particularly in older individuals, and the interaction of the GP VI 13254C allele with other candidate risk alleles may accentuate this risk. |
### Instruction:
Do unstable angina and elevated c-reactive protein levels predict enhanced vasoreactivity of the culprit lesion?
### Response:
| This study confirms enhanced vasoreactivity of the culprit lesion in patients with unstable angina compared with those with stable angina. More importantly, it demonstrates that inflammatory mechanisms play a key role in modulating the reactivity of coronary atherosclerotic plaques and may partially account for the enhanced vasoreactivity of the unstable plaques. |
### Instruction:
Does anti-B7-1 block mononuclear cell adherence in vasa recta after ischemia?
### Response:
| These observations strongly support the key role of the B7-1 protein in the protection of renal IRI through inhibition of T cell and monocyte adherence at the level of the ascending vasa recta. |
### Instruction:
Do effect of naloxone on primary and secondary hyperalgesia induced by the human burn injury model?
### Response:
| Activation of an endogenous opioid response following induction of hyperalgesia in human volunteers by a burn injury could not be demonstrated with an intravenous naloxone challenge. These findings suggest that the endogenous opioid response is not a confounding factor in this model. |
### Instruction:
Does macrophage inflammatory protein-2 induced by TNF-alpha play a pivotal role in concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that Con A induces TNF-alpha release, and this TNF-alpha stimulates MIP-2 induction, at least partially contributing to the liver injury mediated through the recruitment of neutrophils. |
### Instruction:
Does severity of renal vascular disease predict mortality in patients undergoing coronary angiography?
### Response:
| In this patient population, the presence of RAS is a strong independent predictor of mortality. Increasing severity of RAS has an incremental effect on survival probability. |
### Instruction:
Does magnesium sulfate reduce postoperative analgesic requirements?
### Response:
| Perioperative intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate did not increase CSF magnesium concentration and had no effects on postoperative pain. However, an inverse relation between cumulative postoperative analgesic consumption and the CSF magnesium concentration was observed. These results suggest that perioperative intravenous magnesium infusion may not be useful for preventing postoperative pain. |
### Instruction:
Do hIV-positive patients with anal carcinoma have poorer treatment tolerance and outcome than HIV-negative patients?
### Response:
| We found that HIV-positive patients with anal carcinoma seem to be a different population from HIV-negative patients by age, gender, and sexual orientation. They have a poorer tolerance for combined therapy and a shorter time to cancer-related death. A strong trend to poorer initial response rate was also seen. These results suggest that the treatment of HIV-positive patients with anal carcinoma needs to be reassessed. |
### Instruction:
Does growth hormone treatment after cesarean delivery in rats increase the strength of the uterine scar?
### Response:
| Postcesarean treatment with GH increased the bursting strength of rat uterine incisions. This effect was accompanied by a significant increase in collagen content and persisted through a subsequent pregnancy. |
### Instruction:
Does potassium repletion fail to interfere with reduction of serum lithium by sodium polystyrene sulfonate in mice?
### Response:
| Potassium repletion did not interfere with the ability of SPS to lower serum lithium concentration in animals experimentally poisoned with lithium. |
### Instruction:
Is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ( TCDD ) inhibition of coronary development preceded by a decrease in myocyte proliferation and an increase in cardiac apoptosis?
### Response:
| The reduction of myocyte proliferation by TCDD preceded the reduction in coronary artery number and size, suggesting that changes in coronary development may be a consequence of reduced myocyte proliferation and a thinner ventricle wall. The peak of TCDD-induced increase in apoptosis occurred even earlier in embryo development and thus may contribute to changes in myocyte proliferation, coronary development, and cardiac structural malformations; however, a cause-and-effect relationship between apoptosis and these other events has yet to be established. |
### Instruction:
Is impaired autonomic function associated with increased mortality , especially in subjects with diabetes , hypertension , or a history of cardiovascular disease : the Hoorn Study?
### Response:
| Impaired autonomic function is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Moreover, the results of the present study suggest that cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients already at risk (diabetes, hypertension, or history of cardiovascular disease) may be especially hazardous. |
### Instruction:
Does cO2 pneumoperitoneum enhance tumor growth and metastasis : study of a rat cecal wall inoculation model?
### Response:
| A cecal wall inoculation model mimics the natural cascade of colon cancer growth and metastasis. CO2 pneumoperitoneum did not affect the tumor growth and metastasis to the liver and other organs when compared with laparotomy in this model. |
### Instruction:
Is tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 a basement membrane-associated protein that is significantly decreased in human colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| These data provide the first detailed description of the cellular expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 in colorectal cancer and identify it as a basement membrane-associated protein. This is an important observation, because the presence of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 protein near the basement membrane supports its role in preventing proteolytic degradation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Is cyclooxygenase-2 overexpressed in serrated adenoma of the colorectum?
### Response:
| These results suggest that cyclooxygenase-2 is overexpressed in serrated adenoma of the colorectum. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors will reduce the incidence of serrated adenomas. |
### Instruction:
Does the XRCC2 human repair gene influence recombinational rearrangements leading to chromatid breaks?
### Response:
| It is concluded that the significantly higher CSR for the irs1 mutant than for the wild-type parental V79-4 line indicates the involvement of the XRCC2 gene product in the control of the rearrangement process leading to chromatid breaks. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin E inhibit proliferation of primary cultured human mesangial and endothelial cells?
### Response:
| VE at low concentrations had no effect on the proliferation of both MC and EC, but at high concentrations, it showed an inhibitory effect on both cells. |
### Instruction:
Are serum osteoprotegerin levels increased in patients with advanced prostate cancer?
### Response:
| Our data show that serum OPG levels are increased with advanced CaP. We hypothesize that OPG levels are related to CaP progression and suggest that further studies of the biological effects of OPG on CaP metastases are warranted. |
### Instruction:
Is tamoxifen detrimental to endothelial function in postmenopausal women with breast cancer?
### Response:
| Tamoxifen does not appear to affect endothelial function in the short term in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Do c282Y and H63D mutations in the HFE gene have no effect on iron overload disorders in Japan?
### Response:
| Our results suggested that neither C282Y nor H63D in HFE affect Japanese patients with hemochromatosis or chronic hepatitis C. |
### Instruction:
Does proximal arterial vasoconstriction precede regression of the hyaloid vasculature?
### Response:
| Under normal conditions, vasoconstriction of proximal hyaloid vessels occurs at birth, preceding attenuation of distal hyaloid vessels. Vasoconstriction also occurs in O(2)-treated pups during treatment, but upon return to room air, the remaining hyaloid vessels dilate proximally, and the distal vessels become dilated and tortuous. These observations support the contention that regression of the hyaloid network is dependent, in the first instance, on proximal arterial vasoconstriction. |
### Instruction:
Does variable supplemental oxygen during recovery reduce retinal neovascular severity in experimental ROP?
### Response:
| These results support our hypothesis since both VSO conditions were significantly less effective at reducing retinal NV than constant supplemental oxygen during recovery. The possible application of these results to STOP-ROP trial is discussed. |
### Instruction:
Does female gender influence the magnitude of ibutilide-induced repolarization delay and incidence of torsades de pointes in an in vivo rabbit model of the acquired long QT syndrome?
### Response:
| In this in vivo rabbit model of the acquired long QT syndrome, female gender was not associated with a longer repolarization time (QT interval), an excessive change in the baseline QT interval or a higher incidence of torsades de pointes in response to ibutilide challenge. |
### Instruction:
Are vasodilator responses to ATP and UTP cAMP dependent in the mesenteric vascular bed of the cat?
### Response:
| These data suggest that ATP, UTP, 2-MetSATP, and beta,gamma-MetATP dilate the mesentary vascular bed in the cat by a cAMP dependent mechanism, and that nitric oxide or prostaglandin release, cGMP accumulation, or activation of P2X(1), P2Y(1), or P2Y(4) receptors play little or no role in mediating vasodilator responses to the purinergic agonists in this regional vascular bed. In addition, these results suggest that the pressor component of the response to beta,gamma-MetATP is mediated by the activation of P2X(1) receptors. |
### Instruction:
Is follicular fluid concentration of leukaemia inhibitory factor decreased among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome during assisted reproduction cycles?
### Response:
| The specific cytokine profile of the PCOS patients is probably related to the lower implantation rate since follicular fluid LIF appears to function as an embryotrophic agent. |
### Instruction:
Does transmyocardial laser revascularization remodel the intrinsic cardiac nervous system in a chronic setting?
### Response:
| Although chronic TMLR does not affect cardiac afferent or extracardiac efferent neuronal function, it does "remodel" the ICNS so that its responsiveness to a known potent chemical agonist (ie, nicotine) becomes obtunded. Remodeling of the ICNS may account in part for the delayed symptomatic relief that TMLR imparts to patients with refractory angina. |
### Instruction:
Does hormone replacement therapy use dramatically increase breast oestrogen receptor expression in obese postmenopausal women?
### Response:
| This finding confirms that the possibility of increased risk of breast cancer associated with increased ER-alpha expression in normal breast epithelial cells, in turn associated with high BMI and the use of HRT. |
### Instruction:
Is the intronic G13964C variant in p53 a high-risk mutation in familial breast cancer in Australia?
### Response:
| The present study would have had 80% power to detect an odds ratio of 4.4, and we therefore conclude that the G13946C polymorphism is not a 'high-risk' mutation for familial breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does differentiation of myeloid cell lines correlate with a selective expression of RIZ protein?
### Response:
| The correlation between the selective expression of RIZ1 induced by retinoic acid, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and differentiation suggested that RIZ protein was involved in myeloid cell differentiation induced by these agents. |
### Instruction:
Does retinal nerve fiber layer thickness remain unchanged following laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis?
### Response:
| LASIK does not affect RNFL thickness. Alterations in SLP RNFL thickness measurements are due to alterations in corneal architecture rather than an actual LASIK-induced RNFL injury. |
### Instruction:
Does upregulation of Bcl-2 through caspase-3 inhibition ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat cardiac allografts?
### Response:
| Bcl-2 is actively downregulated and TNF-alpha is upregulated in this model of cardiac allograft ischemia/reperfusion. Furthermore, the caspase-3 pathway is linked to this process, and blockade of caspase-3 can ameliorate reperfusion injury by upregulating bcl-2 and inhibiting TNF-alpha without affecting cytochrome c release. |
### Instruction:
Does moderate hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass reduce myocardial cell damage and myocardial cell death related to cardiac surgery?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that moderate hypothermia during CPB provides myocardial protection by enhancing intra-myocardial anti-inflammatory cytokine balance. |
### Instruction:
Does cisapride improve gallbladder emptying in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| Impaired gallbladder emptying is common in patients with type 2 DM. Cisapride significantly improves gallbladder emptying in patients with autonomic neuropathy. |
### Instruction:
Is a high rate of epidural analgesia with bupivacaine-sufentanil consistent with a low rate of caesarean section and instrumental deliveries?
### Response:
| A high rate of EDA, using low dose bupivacaine and sufentanil is consistent with a low rate of caesarean section and instrumental deliveries. No apparent negative effects on the neonates or mothers were observed. |
### Instruction:
Does donepezil hydrochloride preserve regional cerebral blood flow in patients with Alzheimer 's disease?
### Response:
| Treatment with donepezil for 1 y appears to reduce the decline in rCBF, suggesting preservation of functional brain activity. |
### Instruction:
Does laparoscopic Heller myotomy relieve dysphagia in patients with achalasia and low LES pressure following pneumatic dilatation?
### Response:
| These results show that (a) a LES pressure of <10 mmHg after pneumatic dilatation does not guarantee relief of dysphagia, and (b) laparoscopic Heller myotomy relieves dysphagia in most patients with a postdilatation LES pressure <10 mmHg. Thus, a laparoscopic Heller myotomy is indicated if dilatation does not relieve dysphagia, even if LES pressure has been decreased to <10 mmHg. Esophagectomy should be reserved for the occasional failure of this simpler operation. |
### Instruction:
Is the severity of immune fetal hydrops predictive of fetal outcome after intrauterine treatment?
### Response:
| In contrast with severe hydrops, there is a high rate of reversal of mild hydrops after adequate treatment. In our study 98% of fetuses survived after reversal of hydrops. To improve the outcome of red blood cell-alloimmunized pregnancies, early diagnosis of fetal anemia and referral to a specialized center are important; these steps enable the start of intrauterine treatment when hydrops is absent or still mild. |
### Instruction:
Does a lipophilic vasoactive intestinal peptide analog enhance the antiproliferative effect of chemotherapeutic agents on cancer cell lines?
### Response:
| Chemotherapeutic treatment of advanced solid tumors, such as nonsmall cell lung carcinoma, colon carcinoma, or prostate carcinoma, achieves a response rate of between 10% and 30% with significant toxicity. Combination therapy with the lipophilic VIP analog SNH and the preferred chemotherapeutic agent may greatly enhance the response rate, and by permitting a dose reduction, should significantly reduce side effects. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factors 4E and 2alpha increased frequently in bronchioloalveolar but not in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung?
### Response:
| Increased expression of either one or both translation initiation factors may facilitate accelerated growth and division of neoplastic cells in BA carcinoma of the lung. However, the current findings suggest a possibility that increased cell growth and proliferation in SC carcinoma may be achieved through a mechanism independent of increases in eIF-4E and eIF-2alpha expression. |
### Instruction:
Are macrophages increased in cervical epithelium of women with cervicitis?
### Response:
| The increased numbers of CE macrophages in women with cervicitis may have important implications for pathogenesis of STIs including human immunodeficiency virus infection. |
### Instruction:
Does dog exposure in infancy decrease the subsequent risk of frequent wheeze but not of atopy?
### Response:
| Dog exposure in early life might prevent the development of asthma-like symptoms, at least in low-risk children with no family history of asthma. Nevertheless, early pet exposure does not seem to significantly influence the development of allergic sensitization. |
### Instruction:
Is the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis?
### Response:
| This study shows that a PDE4 inhibitor, roflumilast, effectively controls symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Thus PDE4 inhibitors might be a future treatment option not only in allergic asthma but also in allergic rhinitis or the combination of the 2 diseases. |
### Instruction:
Is the image of the hard palate/nasal fossa floor in panoramic radiography : the controversy over?
### Response:
| The junction of the nasal septum with the NFF and the posterior portions of the HP/NFF form the upper image of the HP/NFF. Most of the image is real, although a small part is a ghost image of the horizontal plates of the palatine bones and of the posterior region of the palatine processes of the maxillae. |
### Instruction:
Do impact of conventional tomography on prediction of the appropriate implant size?
### Response:
| This study demonstrated that the use of tomograms increases the efficacy of periapical + panoramic images, with respect to the prediction of appropriate implant size, by a factor of 2.5. Therefore, conventional cross-sectional tomography is recommended for treatment planning before installation of single tooth implants. |
### Instruction:
Is regulation of biliary cholesterol secretion independent of hepatocyte canalicular membrane lipid composition : a study in the diosgenin-fed rat model?
### Response:
| Diosgenin-induced biliary cholesterol hypersecretion occurs in the absence of changes of canalicular membrane lipids. Our data therefore do not support a major role of canalicular membrane lipid composition in regulation of biliary cholesterol secretion. |
### Instruction:
Does hemofiltration reduce the serum priming activity on neutrophil chemiluminescence in septic patients?
### Response:
| Sera from septic patients demonstrate an enhanced CL priming activity on PMNs. This activity is reduced by ultrafiltration and is due, at least in part, to ultrafiltered IL-8. |
### Instruction:
Does short daily hemodialysis rapidly improve nutritional status in hemodialysis patients?
### Response:
| Daily hemodialysis appears to be a suitable method to improve nutritional status in maintenance dialysis patients. |
### Instruction:
Does repeated freezing and thawing generally alter assay results for several commonly studied reproductive hormones?
### Response:
| There is no consistent or predictable alteration in the results of SHBG, or the glycoprotein and steroid hormones evaluated, as a function of repeated freeze/thaw or the storage temperature of human serum. |
### Instruction:
Do height and weight fail to detect early signs of malnutrition in children with cystic fibrosis?
### Response:
| The percent ideal body weight index does not seem to be an adequate measure of nutritional status in children with cystic fibrosis. Anthropometric assessments should include skin-fold and circumference measurements of numerous sites on the upper and lower body, the trunk, and the limbs to detect deterioration in nutritional status early. Early detection of deficits in nutritional status may result in the adverse effects of malnutrition on height and weight, and possibly clinical status, being prevented. |
### Instruction:
Do newly induced beta-galactosidase molecules have a higher activity than the basally expressed enzyme?
### Response:
| Production of beta-galactosidase in E. coli under differing conditions results in differences in the activities of the individual enzyme molecules. |
### Instruction:
Are igE levels the same in chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS ) and control subjects when stratified by allergy skin test results and rhinitis types?
### Response:
| Elevated IgE and positive AST indicate allergen sensitization, but are not necessarily indicators of symptomatic allergic diseases. There was no association between IgE levels and CFS, indicating that atopy was probably not more prevalent in CFS. Therefore, TH2-lymphocyte and IgE-mast cell mechanisms are unlikely causes of CFS. |
### Instruction:
Is the incidence of septic complications in newborns on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation affected by feeding route?
### Response:
| Enteral nutrition does not affect the risk of sepsis in neonates on ECMO when compared with total parenteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition is well tolerated and not associated with adverse effects. |
### Instruction:
Is ipratropium bromide hydrofluoroalkane inhalation aerosol safe and effective in patients with COPD?
### Response:
| Ipratropium bromide HFA, 42 and mgr;g, provided bronchodilation comparable to the marketed ipratropium bromide CFC, 42 and mgr;g, over 12 weeks of regular use. |
### Instruction:
Is antiapoptotic activity dispensable for insulin-like growth factor I receptor-mediated clonogenic radioresistance after gamma-irradiation?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate that apoptotic activity does not necessarily predict clonogenic survival after exposure to ionizing radiation. This study provides clinical implications in the evaluation of apoptotic activities observed during the course of radiotherapy to predict accurate tumor response or local control. |
### Instruction:
Is elevated expression of hTERT associated with dysplastic cell transformation during human oral carcinogenesis in situ?
### Response:
| These results indicate that enhanced expression of telomerase activity occurs early during human oral carcinogenesis and support the critical role of telomerase in the development of human oral cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is thioredoxin expression associated with lymph node status and prognosis in early operable non-small cell lung cancer?
### Response:
| We conclude that overexpression of TRX in non-small cell lung carcinomas is indicative of a more aggressive tumor phenotype and is associated with bad prognostic features and possibly with a poorer outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does intravenous prostaglandin E1 reduce soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in peripheral arterial obstructive disease?
### Response:
| Thus a global decrease of vascular cell activation appears to occur as a result of PGE(1) administration and may contribute to the observed clinical benefits in PAOD. |
### Instruction:
Is cOCH5B2 a target antigen of anti-inner ear antibodies in autoimmune inner ear diseases?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that the 58-kDa target protein of antibodies in serum samples of patients with autoimmune inner ear diseases is the COCH5B2 protein, a molecule that is highly and specifically expressed in the cochlea and vestibule. |
### Instruction:
Is cell attachment to extracellular matrices modulated by pulsed radiation at 820 nm and chemicals that modify the activity of enzymes in the plasma membrane?
### Response:
| The results obtained indicate that pulsed IR radiation at 820 nm increases the cell-matrix attachment. It is the modulation of the monovalent ion fluxes through the plasma membrane and not the release of arachidonic acid that is involved in the cellular signaling pathways activated by irradiation at 820 nm. Preirradiation has a protective effect against the inhibitive action of ouabain, arachidonic acid, ATP, and quinacrine on cell attachment process. It is supposed that irradiation activates those signaling pathways in cells which attenuate the inhibitive action of these chemicals. |
### Instruction:
Does endothelin mediate phospholipase C stimulation in the proximal tubule during initiation of compensatory renal growth in adult rats?
### Response:
| These results make evident the role of endothelin in stimulation of phospholipase C in proximal tubule following unilateral nephrectomy, suggesting participation of the endothelin system during the initiation of the compensatory renal growth. |
### Instruction:
Do meal delivery practices meet needs of Alzheimer patients with increased cognitive and behavioral difficulties in a long-term care facility?
### Response:
| Delivering excess energy to patients with poor BMIs likely does not result in increased energy consumption. Behavioral and cognitive deterioration leads to a shift in the time of day that energy delivered has an impact on energy consumption, with the most progressed individuals being most impacted by foods delivered in the morning, suggesting that traditional meal practices are inappropriate for elderly individuals with AD. |
### Instruction:
Is comorbid illness an important determinant of health-related quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis C?
### Response:
| We conclude that unselected CHC patients presenting for medical evaluation have a reduced HRQOL, which is lower than that reported for CHC patients entering treatment trials. CHC alone is associated with significant impairment in HRQOL, but the presence of comorbid illness leads to further diminution in HRQOL. |
### Instruction:
Does ligation of the Fas antigen stimulate chemokine secretion in pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that Fas Ag stimulation can induce chemokine secretion in PANC-1 cells, suggesting the contribution of Fas stimulation to the accumulation of immune cells in pancreatic cancer tissue. |
### Instruction:
Does post-resuscitative hypothermic bypass reduce ischemic brain injury in swine?
### Response:
| Post-resuscitative selective brain hypothermia reduced regional ischemic brain damage in swine with prolonged ventricular fibrillation. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term cetirizine treatment reduce allergic symptoms and drug prescriptions in children with mite allergy?
### Response:
| In mite-allergic children, cetirizine administered daily for prolonged periods decreases symptoms of and drug prescriptions for allergic rhinitis and asthma compared with symptomatic treatment. |
### Instruction:
Do diverticular disease and treatment with gastric acid inhibitors predispose to peritonitis of enteric origin in peritoneal dialysis patients?
### Response:
| Neither diverticulosis nor treatment with gastric acid inhibitors seem to be risk factors for developing peritonitis of enteric origin in PD patients. This type of peritonitis has to be promptly identified and treated in order to diminish the high frequency of peritoneal catheter removal and PD dropout due to such episodes. |
### Instruction:
Does low nuclear ErbB3 predict biochemical recurrence in patients with prostate cancer?
### Response:
| Low nuclear localization of ErbB3 is a predictor of BCR in patients with prostate cancer and positive surgical margins after RP. |
### Instruction:
Is membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase induced following cyclic compression of in vitro grown bovine chondrocytes?
### Response:
| These data suggest that cyclic compression of chondrocytes in vitro upregulates MT1-MMP via ERK1/2 dependent activation of Egr-1 binding. Delineation of the regulatory pathways activated by mechanical stimulation will further our understating of the mechanisms influencing tissue remodeling. |
### Instruction:
Are patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing cardiac surgery at greater risk for developing intraoperative myocardial acidosis?
### Response:
| Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus undergoing cardiac surgery are at a greater risk of developing intraoperative myocardial acidosis/ischemia and of decreased survival postoperatively compared with patients without diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Does coarctectomy reduce neoaortic arch obstruction in hypoplastic left heart syndrome?
### Response:
| Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergoing aortic arch enlargement with autologous tissue are less likely to require intervention for neoaortic arch obstruction compared with those having homograft patch reconstruction. Excision of all ductal tissue by means of coarctectomy reduces the risk of recurrent aortic arch obstruction. An aggressive approach to reconstruction of the arch and the use of autologous tissue at the time of stage I palliation is advocated. |
### Instruction:
Are school-based fitness changes lost during the summer vacation?
### Response:
| In obese middle-school children, school-based fitness interventions are an important vehicle for health promotion, but without sustained intervention, these benefits may be lost during the extended summer break. |
### Instruction:
Do asymptomatic spontaneous cerebral emboli predict cognitive and functional decline in dementia?
### Response:
| Asymptomatic SCE are associated with an accelerated cognitive and functional decline in dementia. SCE may be a potentially treatable cause of disease progression in dementia. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Thermotherapy enhance the sensitivity of lymphoma cell line Raji to chemotherapy in vitro ]?
### Response:
| Adriamycin chemotherapy combined thermotherapy for 60 min can increase the intracellular concentration of adriamycin and the apoptosis rates of Raji cells. |
### Instruction:
Is urinary lipocalin-2 associated with renal disease activity in human lupus nephritis?
### Response:
| The high prevalence of LN in SLE patients and the prognostic significance of kidney disease support the need for identifying early biomarkers to assess the risk of nephritis development and for following up patients with established disease. These findings indicate that urinary lipocalin-2 is a potential marker of the presence and severity of renal involvement in adult patients with SLE. |
### Instruction:
Does vascular endothelial growth factor mediate intracrine survival in human breast carcinoma cells through internally expressed VEGFR1/FLT1?
### Response:
| This study provides, to our knowledge for the first time, evidence of a unique survival system in breast cancer cells by which VEGF can act as an internal autocrine (intracrine) survival factor through its binding to VEGFR1. These results may lead to an improved strategy for tumor therapy based on the inhibition of angiogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Is cyclooxygenase-2 expression related to prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| COX-2 overexpression was significantly correlated with depth of invasion, tumor stage and survival in ESCC. Evaluation of COX-2 expression should be useful for determining tumor properties, including prognosis, in patients with ESCC. |
### Instruction:
Does indapamide decrease plasma adiponectin concentration in patients with essential hypertension?
### Response:
| Treatment with indapamide was followed by a significant decrease of plasma adiponectin concentration. This may participate in the pathogenesis of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances often found in patients treated with thiazide-type diuretics. |
### Instruction:
Does premedication with montelukast reduce local reactions of allergen immunotherapy?
### Response:
| Montelukast can be useful in the prevention of LRs after specific immunotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Does the solid fat content of stearic acid-rich fats determine their postprandial effects?
### Response:
| Stearic acid-rich triacylglycerol in both unrandomized and randomized forms does not adversely affect lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The high proportion of solid fat at 37 degrees C may explain the decreased postprandial lipemic response. |
### Instruction:
Is adolescent skinfold thickness a better predictor of high body fatness in adults than is body mass index : the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study?
### Response:
| Skinfold thickness during adolescence is a better predictor of high body fatness during adulthood than is BMI during adolescence. |
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