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### Instruction:
Is vitamin D reserve higher in women with endometriosis?
### Response:
| Endometriosis is associated with higher serum levels of vitamin D. |
### Instruction:
Is nuclear import of influenza A viral ribonucleoprotein complexes mediated by two nuclear localization sequences on viral nucleoprotein?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrate that both NLS1 and NLS2 on NP can mediate the nuclear uptake of influenza A vRNPs. |
### Instruction:
Does cT-NIHSS mismatch correlate with MRI diffusion-perfusion mismatch?
### Response:
| ASPECTS-NIHSS mismatch did not correlate with MRI diffusion-perfusion mismatch in this clinical cohort. MRI mismatch was associated with decreasing time from stroke onset to scan. |
### Instruction:
Does fucoidan ingestion increase the expression of CXCR4 on human CD34+ cells?
### Response:
| Oral fucoidan significantly amplified the CXCR4(+) HPC population. The ability to mobilize HPC using sulfated polysaccharides and mobilize more HPC with high levels of CXCR4 could be clinically valuable. |
### Instruction:
Is [ AF172993 sequence of Plunc in GenBank database the complete CDS ]?
### Response:
| The base A at the 658 position of AF172993 sequence of Plunc is a mutation site, which alters the coding of the amino acid. AF172993 sequence is actually a transcript variant of Plunc, and the annotation to AF172993 in GenBank database is not correct and need to be revised. |
### Instruction:
Does interferon-gamma suppress cyclooxygenase-2 promoter activity by inhibiting C-Jun and C/EBPbeta binding?
### Response:
| IFNgamma suppresses proinflammatory mediator-induced COX-2 transcription by selective inhibition of C-Jun and C/EBPbeta DNA binding activity and p300 recruitment in human cells. Because IFNgamma is coexpressed with COX-2 in vascular lesions, it may play a role in controlling COX-2-mediated inflammatory changes. |
### Instruction:
Does genomic polymorphism at the interferon-induced helicase ( IFIH1 ) locus contribute to Graves ' disease susceptibility?
### Response:
| We confirm a significant contribution of the Ala946Thr IFIH1 polymorphism to organ-specific autoimmune diseases, extending the range of conditions associated with this variant to include Graves' disease. This polymorphism may also contribute to several other autoimmune disorders. |
### Instruction:
Does maternal vitamin D deficiency increase the risk of preeclampsia?
### Response:
| Maternal vitamin D deficiency may be an independent risk factor for preeclampsia. Vitamin D supplementation in early pregnancy should be explored for preventing preeclampsia and promoting neonatal well-being. |
### Instruction:
Are serum concentrations of antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids low in individuals with a history of attempted suicide?
### Response:
| A history of attempted suicide is associated with low levels of antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids. Clinical importance of low antioxidants in attempters and interventional opportunity warrant further examination. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of comorbidity 8 years after a first psychotic episode?
### Response:
| Specific combinations of comorbid disorders may influence patterns of psychotic symptomatology. Routine examination of axis I disorders is warranted in the ongoing management of psychosis. |
### Instruction:
Do why people take their psychotropic drugs as prescribed : results of the 2000 National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey?
### Response:
| Two-fifths of people reported that missing their medication was a decision taken because they did not want it or think it necessary. Side-effects are a relatively uncommon reason for under-medication. Our results have implications for interventions to assist adherence. |
### Instruction:
Is odontoblast marker gene expression enhanced by a CC-chemokine family protein MIP-3alpha in human mesenchymal stem cells?
### Response:
| The present study demonstrated that MIP-3alpha enhanced gene expression and protein levels of odontoblast-related genes, without affecting levels of the osteogenic proteins CBFA1 or BSP. |
### Instruction:
Does the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine prevent escalation of cocaine self-administration in rats with extended daily access?
### Response:
| Antagonism of nAChRs during the initial exposure to extended cocaine self-administration access time prevented escalation of, but did not eliminate, drug intake. These findings indicate that MEC-sensitive nAChRs are critical for determining cocaine intake as a function of longer access time. |
### Instruction:
Does iL-10 inhibit CD28 and ICOS costimulations of T cells via src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1?
### Response:
| The rapid inhibition of the CD28 or ICOS costimulatory pathways by SHP-1 represents a novel mechanism for direct T-cell suppression by IL-10. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma resistin increased in patients with unstable angina?
### Response:
| Resistin may be involved in the development of CAD by influencing systemic inflammation and endothelial activation. |
### Instruction:
Do changes in plasma amino Acid levels predict satiety and weight loss on diets with modified macronutrient composition?
### Response:
| An increase in either carbohydrate or protein intake increases satiety and leads to significant weight loss, however, these effects are not mediated by an increase in plasma concentration of Trp or the Trp:LNAA ratio. |
### Instruction:
Is low serum adiponectin independently associated with both the metabolic syndrome and angiographically determined coronary atherosclerosis?
### Response:
| Low serum adiponectin is independently associated with both the MetS and coronary atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Does chronic intrathecal infusion of minocycline prevent the development of spinal-nerve ligation-induced pain in rats?
### Response:
| In this study, the authors demonstrate the preventive effect of continuous intrathecal minocycline on the development of nociceptive behaviors induced by L5/6 spinal-nerve ligation in rats. Further studies are required to examine if continuous intrathecal minocycline could be used safely in the clinical setting. |
### Instruction:
Is diabetes-induced chemogenic hypoalgesia paralleled by attenuated stimulus-induced fos expression in the spinal cord of diabetic mice?
### Response:
| The reduced expression of the immediate early gene Fos as an indicator of pain transmission supports the diabetes-induced loss of sensation in this Type 1 model of diabetes. This murine model may be better suited to understanding the insensate symptoms of diabetic patients in the absence of chronic pain. |
### Instruction:
Are anaemia and renal dysfunction independently associated with BNP and NT-proBNP levels in patients with heart failure?
### Response:
| Anaemia and renal dysfunction are related to increased BNP and NT-proBNP levels, independent of the severity of HF. These results indicate that both anaemia and renal dysfunction should be taken into consideration during the interpretation of BNP and NT-proBNP levels in HF patients. |
### Instruction:
Do electrophysiological abnormalities of spatial attention in adults with autism during the gap overlap task?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate electrophysiological abnormalities of disengagement during visuospatial attention in adults with autism which cannot be attributed to their IQs. |
### Instruction:
Is appointment-keeping behavior related to medication adherence in hypertensive African Americans?
### Response:
| Appointment-keeping behavior was not related to ADH or BP among hypertensive African Americans. It should not be used as a proxy for ADH in this patient population. |
### Instruction:
Are endothelial dysfunction , ambulatory pulse pressure and albuminuria associated in Type 2 diabetic subjects?
### Response:
| Increased PP is associated with endothelial activation and albuminuria in Type 2 diabetic patients. Thus, endothelial dysfunction may represent a pathophysiological link between an elevated PP and microvascular complications in these subjects. Prospective studies are needed to further elucidate these associations. |
### Instruction:
Does gender bias in cardiovascular testing persist after adjustment for presenting characteristics and cardiac risk?
### Response:
| Female patients with potential ACS receive fewer cardiac catheterizations than male patients, even when presenting complaint, history, ECG, and diagnosis are taken into account. The gender bias cannot be explained by differences in presentation or clinical course. |
### Instruction:
Does x protein of hepatitis B virus function as a transcriptional corepressor on the human telomerase promoter?
### Response:
| The data suggest that HBx can induce telomere shortening by acting as a transcriptional corepressor of MAZ on the human telomerase promoter. |
### Instruction:
Do cytochrome P450IID6-specific CD8 T cell immune responses mirror disease activity in autoimmune hepatitis type 2?
### Response:
| HLA-A2-restricted, CYP2D6-specific CD8 T cell immune responses vary according to disease stage and correlate with hepatocyte damage. CD8 T cell targets on CYP2D6-in particular CYP2D6(245-254)-may be the focus of novel immune intervention in AIH-2. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.). |
### Instruction:
Do human leukocyte antigen-associated sequence polymorphisms in hepatitis C virus reveal reproducible immune responses and constraints on viral evolution?
### Response:
| These data provide insight into the frequency and reproducibility of viral escape from CD8(+) T cell responses in human HCV infection, and clarify the combined influence of multiple forces shaping the sequence diversity of HCV and other highly variable pathogens. |
### Instruction:
Does rhizobitoxine-induced chlorosis occur in coincidence with methionine deficiency in soybeans?
### Response:
| Rhizobitoxine-induced chlorosis occurs in coincidence with methionine deficiency as a result of cystathione-beta-lyase inhibition during methionine biosynthesis. |
### Instruction:
Do missense mutations in pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor ( SPINK1 ) cause intracellular retention and degradation?
### Response:
| The results identify intracellular folding defects as a novel mechanism of SPINK1 deficiency associated with chronic pancreatitis. The dramatic effects of the D50E and Y54H mutations indicate that the interaction between Asp50 and Tyr54 is critical for proper folding of the inhibitor. The disease-causing biochemical defect in the N34S mutant is unrelated to secretion or trypsin inhibitory activity and remains enigmatic. Finally, the patent functional defects in mutants D50E, Y54H, and R67C suggest disease association of these rare SPINK variants. |
### Instruction:
Does tauroursodeoxycholic acid inhibit apoptosis induced by Z alpha-1 antitrypsin via inhibition of Bad?
### Response:
| These data show that caspase-4 is not essential for ZAAT-induced apoptosis in HEK293 cells and implicates P-I-3-kinase and Bad as potential therapeutic targets for the liver disease associated with ZAAT deficiency. |
### Instruction:
Is fasting triglyceride a major determinant of postprandial triglyceride response in postmenopausal women?
### Response:
| Our data demonstrated that the fasting TG level is a major determinant of postprandial TG response in postmenopausal women. Insulin resistance and non-HDL-C may contribute independently to the fasting TG level. The influences of WC on postprandial lipemia seemed to be insignificant. |
### Instruction:
Is hLA class II expression by Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells an independent prognostic factor in classical Hodgkin 's lymphoma?
### Response:
| Lack of membranous HLA class II expression by HRS cells in diagnostic lymph node specimens is an independent adverse prognostic factor in cHL. |
### Instruction:
Is sequence and expression of NAPlr conserved among group A streptococci isolated from patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis ( APSGN ) and non-APSGN?
### Response:
| These groups of streptococci that express NAPlr should be associated with APSGN, and this association may be independent of serotype or disease type. |
### Instruction:
Does intrinsic signal imaging in macaque retina reveal different types of flash-induced light reflectance changes of different origins?
### Response:
| The retinal intrinsic signals are composed of several components with different response properties and different sources. This recording technique may be useful for mapping the retinal function in eyes with various disorders. |
### Instruction:
Does all-trans-retinol generated by rhodopsin photobleaching induce rapid recruitment of TIP47 to lipid droplets in the retinal pigment epithelium?
### Response:
| All-trans-retinol generated by photobleaching in the retina induces rapid translocation of TIP47 to LDs in the RPE. |
### Instruction:
Does tumor necrosis factor alpha activate release of B lymphocyte stimulator by neutrophils infiltrating the rheumatoid joint?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that as neutrophils enter the site of inflammation, they release surface-expressed BLyS in a TNFalpha-dependent manner, and thus may contribute to local stimulation of autoimmune B cell responses. |
### Instruction:
Is endothelial lipase gene polymorphism associated with acute myocardial infarction , independently of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels?
### Response:
| The 584C/T polymorphism of the EL gene was associated with AMI independently of HDL-C levels and thus may be involved in the pathogenesis of AMI. |
### Instruction:
Is high-sensitivity C-reactive protein quite low in Japanese men at high coronary risk?
### Response:
| Circulating CRP well reflect the estimated CHD risk, indicating that CRP may be useful for coronary risk stratification in Japanese also. However, the details of the CRP level in Japanese must be investigated further by prospective studies to determine the Japanese-specific cutoff points for CHD risk evaluation. |
### Instruction:
Do bile salts regulate proliferation and apoptosis of liver cells by modulating the IGF1 system?
### Response:
| Modulation of the IGF1 system could represent a potential strategy for the management of bile salts-induced liver injury. |
### Instruction:
Do dietary n-3 fatty acids have suppressive effects on mucin upregulation in mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that n-3 PUFAs enriched diet represents an inexpensive strategy to prevent or treat mucin overproduction in pulmonary bacterial colonization. |
### Instruction:
Does neointimal hyperplasia persist at six months after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in diabetic porcine?
### Response:
| Neointimal hyperplasia persisted at least up to 6 months after SES implantation in diabetic porcine, which may be partly related to an exaggerated inflammatory response within the blood vessel wall. Our results provide theoretical support for potential direct beneficial effects of anti-diabetic and anti-inflammation medications in reducing the risk of restenosis after stenting. |
### Instruction:
Does artificial reduction in transepidermal water loss improve skin barrier function?
### Response:
| Differences between creams in terms of their effect on skin barrier function cannot be solely explained by their occlusive properties. |
### Instruction:
Do peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists inhibit the proliferation and invasion of human colon cancer cells?
### Response:
| PPAR-gamma agonists have inhibitory effects on the proliferation of colon cancer cell lines associated with G1 cell cycle arrest and invasive activity. The latter effect is demonstrated in certain cell lines through the down-regulation of MMP-7 synthesis. |
### Instruction:
Are increased Akt and phosphorylated Akt expression associated with malignant biological features of prostate cancer in Japanese men?
### Response:
| Increased expression of both Akt and p-Akt were associated with higher tumour grade as well as a higher AR-staining score and Ki67 LI. These data indicate that Akt and p-Akt might be molecular markers for detecting malignant biological features of prostate cancer in the Japanese population. |
### Instruction:
Does bad expression influence time to androgen escape in prostate cancer?
### Response:
| There is evidence to suggest that Bad expression levels at diagnosis influence time to biochemical relapse and overall survival, and that levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bad and Bax fall during AIPC development. Bad might therefore represent a possible positive prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for AIPC in the future. |
### Instruction:
Is variable pulsed light less painful than light-emitting diodes for topical photodynamic therapy of actinic keratosis : a prospective randomized controlled trial?
### Response:
| VPL used for MAL-PDT is an efficient alternative for the treatment of AK that results in complete remission and cosmesis equivalent to LED irradiation but causes significantly less pain. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Hepatocyte growth factor enhance protein synthesis in cardiomyocytes exposed to gamma-ray irradiation ]?
### Response:
| Gamma ray irradiation inhibits protein synthesis in cardiomyocytes, and HGF may attenuate this effect of gamma ray exposure for cardiomyocyte protection. |
### Instruction:
Is frailty associated with incident Alzheimer 's disease and cognitive decline in the elderly?
### Response:
| Increasing frailty is associated with incident AD and the rate of cognitive decline in older persons. These findings suggest that frailty and AD may share similar etiologies. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term methadone maintenance reduce protracted symptoms of heroin abstinence and cue-induced craving in Chinese heroin abusers?
### Response:
| Even after acute withdrawal, the first months of heroin abstinence after methadone-assisted detoxification may be more difficult in terms of cue-induced craving and other PA symptoms than the first months of heroin abstinence during MMT. Our findings add to the literature supporting MMT for prevention of cue-induced heroin craving. |
### Instruction:
Does multivitamin-mineral supplementation prevent lipid peroxidation during `` the Marathon des Sables ''?
### Response:
| The moderate multivitamin-mineral supplementation prevented the transient increase in TBARS levels during this extreme competition. |
### Instruction:
Are elevated vascular endothelial growth factor levels associated with aortopulmonary collateral vessels in patients before and after the Fontan procedure?
### Response:
| Aortopulmonary collaterals increase after the Fontan procedure. Serum VEGF levels are associated with the presence of APCs. Vascular endothelial growth factor may play a role in the development of APCs in patients with cyanotic heart disease and after the Fontan procedure. |
### Instruction:
Is autosomal dominant cornea plana associated with pathogenic mutations in DCN , DSPG3 , FOXC1 , KERA , LUM , or PITX2?
### Response:
| Although missense and nonsense mutations in KERA are associated with CNA2, we did not identify any of the previously described mutations or novel mutations that segregated with the disease phenotype in a family with CNA1. In addition, no pathogenic sequence variations were found in DCN, DSPG3, LUM, PITX2 and FOXC1, which have also been implicated in corneal and anterior segment dysgenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does early cleavage predict treatment outcome following the use of GnRH antagonists in women older than 35?
### Response:
| In women older than 35 years, the early-cleavage rate of zygotes is significantly lower in the GnRH antagonist group than the agonist group. Early-cleavage status of zygotes is not a reliable predictor for embryo implantation in patients receiving the GnRH antagonist protocol. |
### Instruction:
Is periapical cemental dysplasia common in women with NF1?
### Response:
| Periradicular cemental dysplasia is indeed a new NF1 related bone lesion type. Our finding suggests that this is the first reported sexual dimorphism in the manifestations of NF1. Cemental dysplasia of NF1 patients should not be confused with periapical findings caused by endodontic pathoses. The former do not require active therapy whereas in the latter root canal treatment is necessary. |
### Instruction:
Does fusion protein containing SH3 domain of c-Abl induce hepatocarcinoma cells to apoptosis?
### Response:
| PTD-BCR/ABL SH3 fusion protein displays significant inhibitory activity of inducing hepatocarcinoma HepG-2 cells to apoptosis in vitro. It also showed therapeutic effects in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does condom use rather than serosorting explain differences in HIV incidence among men who have sex with men?
### Response:
| Sexual risk behaviors with traceable partners are consistent with serosorting. Nonetheless, the higher level of UAI with anonymous or nonconcordant traceable partners more likely explains the increasing HIV incidence seen among STI Outpatient Clinic attendees than a difference in serosorting behavior. |
### Instruction:
Does a novel CACNA1F gene mutation cause Aland Island eye disease?
### Response:
| Mutations in CACNA1F are known to cause the incomplete form of X-linked congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB2). Since the clinical picture of AIED is quite similar to CSNB2, it has long been discussed whether these disorders are allelic or form a single entity. The present study clearly indicates that AIED is also caused by a novel CACNA1F gene mutation. |
### Instruction:
Are laminin beta1 and gamma1 containing laminins essential for basement membrane integrity in the zebrafish eye?
### Response:
| The results demonstrate that laminin beta1 and -gamma1 containing laminins are essential for the integrity of the lens capsule basement membrane and inner limiting membrane in the zebrafish eye. |
### Instruction:
Is estrogen receptor-1 genotype related to coronary intima thickness in young to middle-aged women?
### Response:
| Our results point to the importance of ESR1 genotype in relation to cardiovascular disease susceptibility. |
### Instruction:
Do prospective study of cardiac troponin I release in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
### Response:
| Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is associated with a risk of cardiac injury of up to 19%. Troponin assay could be used to screen for cardiac damage, especially in elderly patients who present with hemodynamic instability. |
### Instruction:
Does helicobacter pylori infection induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway?
### Response:
| H. pylori infection induces apoptosis and the activation of caspases -3 and -9 in gastric cancer cells. Moreover, the caspase inhibitors significantly suppress H. pylori-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that the mitochondrial pathway may be the major pathway in H. pylori-induced apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells. |
### Instruction:
Do virodhamine and CP55,940 modulate cAMP production and IL-8 release in human bronchial epithelial cells?
### Response:
| Our results show for the first time that 16HBE14o(-) cells respond to virodhamine and CP55,940. CB(1) and CB(2) receptor subtypes mediated activation and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, respectively. Stimulation of the dominant CB(2) receptor signalling pathway diminished cAMP accumulation and TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 release. These observations may imply that cannabinoids exert anti-inflammatory properties in airways by modulating cytokine release. |
### Instruction:
Is vascular endothelial growth factor induced by the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and oncostatin m in human adipose tissue in vitro and in murine adipose tissue in vivo?
### Response:
| We speculate that the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and OSM might support angiogenesis during adipose tissue growth by upregulating VEGF. |
### Instruction:
Are trop-1 conserved growth stimulatory molecules that mark early stages of tumor progression?
### Response:
| The findings identify Trop-1 as a novel determinant of cell growth at early stages of tumor development and as a marker of early stages of development in normal tissues and in cancer, making this molecule a candidate for novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. |
### Instruction:
Is intensive chemotherapy recommended for patients aged > 60 years who have myelodysplastic syndromes or acute myeloid leukemia with high-risk karyotypes?
### Response:
| According to the current data, elderly patients with AML or advanced MDS do not benefit from intensive chemotherapy if they show karyotype anomalies, especially those in the high-risk category. |
### Instruction:
Does disruption of the neurokinin-3 receptor ( NK3 ) in mice lead to cognitive deficits?
### Response:
| These studies suggest a role for NK3 in learning and memory in mice. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Validation of methods to identify known diabetes on the basis of health register ]?
### Response:
| The national algorithm may be used as a tool for establishing a national diabetes database. Despite a higher sensitivity, the regional algorithm cannot currently be recommended at a national level as it depends on the collection of person-related data which are not available nationally at the present time. |
### Instruction:
Does interaction with an immersive virtual environment correct users ' distance estimates?
### Response:
| This finding limits the generality of the underestimation effect in VEs and suggests that distance underestimation in VEs may not be a road block to the development of VE applications. |
### Instruction:
Do cD4+CD25+Tregs express an increased LAG-3 and CTLA-4 in anterior chamber-associated immune deviation?
### Response:
| Splenic CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)T cells expressing CTLA4 and LAG3 play an important role in the induction of ACAID. |
### Instruction:
Is high age at the time of implant installation correlated with increased loss of osseointegrated implants in the temporal bone?
### Response:
| Increasing age affects failures of osseointegrated implants in the temporal bone. Blood flow is higher in the child's temporal bone, a factor that can be of importance to understand why age influences implant survival. |
### Instruction:
Does major depression among medically ill elders contribute to sustained poor mental health in their informal caregivers?
### Response:
| A diagnosis of major depression in older medical inpatients is independently associated with poor mental health in their informal caregivers 6 months later. |
### Instruction:
Does integrin beta 3 genotype influence asthma and allergy phenotypes in the first 6 years of life?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that genetic variation in ITGB3 contributes to asthma susceptibility and allergic sensitization, and that the effects of this gene begin early in life. Similar to our earlier study, different SNPs in the gene are associated with asthma and IgE. |
### Instruction:
Is the making of a queen : TOR pathway a key player in diphenic caste development?
### Response:
| A much-studied insect dimorphism, thereby, can be governed by the TOR pathway. Our results present the first evidence for a role of TOR in diphenic development, and suggest that adoption of this ancestral nutrient-sensing cascade is one evolutionary pathway for morphological caste differentiation in social insects. |
### Instruction:
Does prenatal alcohol exposure affect frontal-striatal BOLD response during inhibitory control?
### Response:
| These data provide an account of response inhibition-related brain functioning in youth with FASD. Furthermore, results suggest that the frontal-striatal circuitry thought to mediate inhibitory control is sensitive to alcohol teratogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does targeted mast cell silencing protect against joint destruction and angiogenesis in experimental arthritis in mice?
### Response:
| Mast cell engraftment fully restores susceptibility to alphavbeta3 integrin activation, angiogenesis, and joint destruction in GPI antibody-induced arthritis. Importantly, selective mast cell stabilization prevents alphavbeta3 integrin activation, angiogenesis, and joint destruction. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-18 induce angiogenic factors in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue fibroblasts via distinct signaling pathways?
### Response:
| These data support the notion that IL-18 has a unique role in inducing the secretion of angiogenic SDF-1alpha/CXCL12, MCP-1/CCL2, and VEGF in RA ST fibroblasts, via distinct signaling intermediates. |
### Instruction:
Does genetic ablation of cone photoreceptors eliminate retinal folds in the retinal degeneration 7 ( rd7 ) mouse?
### Response:
| Despite their relatively low abundance, cones play a critical role in retinal folding in the rd7/rd7 retina. The relevant molecular and cellular mechanisms remain to be determined. |
### Instruction:
Do epicardial lesions in Chagas ' heart disease reflect an inflammatory process?
### Response:
| We concluded that epicardial lesions related to chronic chagasic heart disease are probably a result of epicardial reactions to chronic inflammatory process. |
### Instruction:
Is type IV collagen immunostaining a simple , reliable diagnostic tool for distinguishing between adenomatous and normal pituitary glands?
### Response:
| Type IV collagen immunostaining is a simple and reliable method of diagnosing pituitary adenomas. |
### Instruction:
Are concomitant lower serum albumin and vitamin D levels associated with decreased objective physical performance among Japanese community-dwelling elderly?
### Response:
| Concomitant lower serum albumin and lower vitamin D levels are associated with decreased muscle strength and balance capability in both men and women. These results suggest that serum albumin and 25OHD together may be an important target for strategies aiming to achieve a healthy life and prevent loss of independence in community-dwelling elderly. |
### Instruction:
Does reduced sun exposure explain the inverse association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with percent body fat in older adults?
### Response:
| In older adults, sun exposure habits do not vary according to adiposity and do not appear to explain lower 25(OH)D concentrations with increasing adiposity. |
### Instruction:
Does biosynthetic cellulose induce the formation of a neoduramater following pre-natal correction of meningomyelocele in fetal sheep?
### Response:
| The use of BC seems to be more adequate as a dura-mater substitute to cover the damaged neural tissue than HADM. It seems promising for use in the in utero correction of MMC because to does not adhere to neural tissue of superficial and deep layers ("tethered spinal cord"). Thus, BC minimizes the mechanical and chemical intrauterine damage to the spinal medulla. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of apoptosis prevent West Nile virus induced cell death?
### Response:
| We found that WNV infection induces cell death in the brain-derived tumour cell line T98G by apoptosis under involvement of constituents of the extrinsic as well as the intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Our results illuminate the molecular mechanism of WNV-induced neural cell death. |
### Instruction:
Does tiagabine increase slow-wave sleep in a dose-dependent fashion without affecting traditional efficacy measures in adults with primary insomnia?
### Response:
| In adults with primary insomnia, tiagabine significantly increased slow-wave sleep in a dose-dependent manner with a corresponding significant decrease in Stage 1 sleep, whereas no significant differences were observed in wake after sleep onset, latency to persistent sleep, or total sleep time compared with placebo. |
### Instruction:
Is an episode of preterm labor a risk factor for the birth of a small-for-gestational-age neonate?
### Response:
| Patients with an episode of increased uterine contractility that subsided and who deliver at term are at risk for delivering an SGA neonate, which suggests that an episode of false preterm labor is not a benign condition. We propose that insults to the fetoplacental unit may be resolved by either irreversible preterm parturition or restriction of fetal growth. |
### Instruction:
Is apoptosis-induced acetylation of histones pathogenic in systemic lupus erythematosus?
### Response:
| Apoptosis-induced acetylation of nucleosomes may represent an important driving force in the development of lupus. |
### Instruction:
Does glucosamine reduce anabolic as well as catabolic processes in bovine chondrocytes cultured in alginate?
### Response:
| GlcN-S and GlcN-HCl, but not GlcN-Ac, reduce anabolic and catabolic processes. For anabolic processes this was demonstrated by decreased ECM synthesis, for catabolic processes by protection against IL-1beta mediated ECM breakdown. This might be due to interference of GlcN with Gluc utilization. We suggest that the claimed structure modifying effects of GlcN are more likely based on protection against ECM degradation than new ECM production. |
### Instruction:
Do electromyographic patterns suggest changes in motor unit physiology associated with early osteoarthritis of the knee?
### Response:
| VM activation changes at the level of the MU with symptomatic knee OA, and this change is influenced by radiographic severity. Poor muscle quality may explain the pattern observed with higher KL grades, but alternative factors (e.g., nerve or joint injury, physical inactivity or muscle composition changes) should be examined in early OA. |
### Instruction:
Does lack of agreement in pediatric emergency department discharge diagnose from clinical and administrative data sources?
### Response:
| ED diagnoses retrieved from electronic administrative sources and manual chart review frequently disagree, even if similar diagnosis codes are grouped. Agreement varies by institution and by diagnosis. Further work is needed to improve the accuracy of diagnosis coding; development of a grouping system specific to pediatric emergency care may be beneficial. |
### Instruction:
Does large-scale analysis of transcriptional cis-regulatory modules reveal both common features and distinct subclasses?
### Response:
| Our findings demonstrate that cis-regulatory modules share common features that help to define them as a class and that may lead to new insights into mechanisms of gene regulation. However, these properties alone may not be sufficient to reliably distinguish regulatory from non-regulatory sequences. We also demonstrate that there are distinct subclasses of cis-regulatory modules that are more amenable to in silico detection than others and that these differences must be taken into account when attempting genome-wide regulatory element discovery. |
### Instruction:
Does gene expression variation in Down 's syndrome mice allow prioritization of candidate genes?
### Response:
| This is the first analysis addressing inter-individual gene expression levels as a function of trisomy. We propose a strategy allowing discrimination between candidates for the constant features of DS and those genes that may contribute to the partially penetrant signs of DS. |
### Instruction:
Is stat3 tyrosine-phosphorylated through the interleukin-6/glycoprotein 130/Janus kinase pathway in breast cancer?
### Response:
| In summary, a principal mechanism of Stat3 activation in breast cancer is through the IL-6/gp130/Jak pathway. |
### Instruction:
Is treadmill walking with body weight support no more effective than cycling when added to an exercise program for lumbar spinal stenosis : a randomised controlled trial?
### Response:
| Treadmill with body weight support and cycling may be equally effective in the conservative management of people with lumbar spinal stenosis. However, the improvement observed in both groups was probably a combination of the intervention and the natural course of recovery of lumbar spinal stenosis. |
### Instruction:
Does additional exercise change hospital or patient outcomes in older medical patients : a controlled clinical trial?
### Response:
| Additional physiotherapy intervention during hospitalisation did not significantly improve hospital or patient outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Is neutrophil elastase involved in the initial destruction of human periodontal ligament?
### Response:
| It was concluded that neutrophil elastase is involved in the degradation of noncollagenous protein-covered collagen fibrils in the early destructive stages of periodontal disease. |
### Instruction:
Does blockade of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by adenoviral gene transfer inhibit experimental vein graft neointimal formation?
### Response:
| Blockade of MCP-1 by adenoviral gene transfer of 7ND limits neointimal formation associated with vein graft failure in dogs. This study highlights the potential therapeutic benefit of local anti-MCP-1 therapy for prevention of neointimal formation associated with vein graft failure. |
### Instruction:
Are carcinoid tumors 15 times more common in patients with Crohn 's disease?
### Response:
| There was a significantly increased incidence of carcinoid tumor in our Crohn's patients compared to the control patients. None of the carcinoid tumors developed in areas of Crohn's disease. This suggests that the development of carcinoid tumors may be secondary to distant proinflammatory mediators, rather than a local inflammatory effect from adjacent Crohn's disease. Patients with CD may be at increased risk of developing a carcinoid tumor. |
### Instruction:
Is muscle fibre type shifting in the vastus lateralis of patients with COPD associated with disease severity : a systematic review and meta-analysis?
### Response:
| This review sheds new light on the relationship between skeletal muscle abnormalities and important hallmarks of the disease in severe COPD, and identifies absence of data in GOLD stages 1-2. This review also provides reference values on fibre type composition for diagnostic purposes in COPD. |
### Instruction:
Does inactivation of the 5-HT ( 7 ) receptor partially block phencyclidine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition?
### Response:
| The results indicate a partial role for the 5-HT(7) receptor in the glutamatergic PPI model of sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia that is sensitive to atypical antipsychotics and no involvement of this receptor in the dopaminergic PPI model that is sensitive to typical antipsychotics. Thus, the 5-HT(7)(-/-) mice may provide a useful tool to study the role of 5-HT(7) receptor in the action of atypical antipsychotic drugs and schizophrenia. |
### Instruction:
Does angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor improve force and Ca2 + -- frequency relationships in myocytes from rats with heart failure?
### Response:
| The ACE inhibitor could improve the impaired FFR of isolated failing myocytes. This effect was possibly mediated via ameliorating the disturbance of CaFR. |
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