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### Instruction:
Does vascular targeting agent Oxi4503 inhibit tumor growth in a colorectal liver metastases model?
### Response:
| A single dose of Oxi4503 produced significant necrosis and microvascular injury in colorectal liver metastases. Intermittent dosing with Oxi4503 produced the maximum reduction in tumor growth, minimal toxicity, and a significant improvement in survival. Oxi4503 is a potential anticancer agent. Further research into its mechanism of action and its synergistic use with other therapies is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Is spasmus nutans-like nystagmus often associated with underlying ocular , intracranial , or systemic abnormalities?
### Response:
| A substantial proportion of patients presenting with SN-like nystagmus have important underlying ocular, intracranial, or systemic abnormalities that may require evaluation and management. |
### Instruction:
Does caudal epidural anesthesia administered intraoperatively provide for effective postoperative analgesia after total hip arthroplasty?
### Response:
| Caudal epidural anesthesia provides effective postoperative analgesia similar to lumbar epidural anesthesia. |
### Instruction:
Does comparison of hybridization-based and sequencing-based gene expression technologies on biological replicate?
### Response:
| Based on different principles, hybridization-based and sequencing-based technologies should be considered complementary to each other, rather than competitive alternatives for measuring gene expression, and currently, both are important tools for transcriptome profiling. |
### Instruction:
Is mild hypercapnia after uncomplicated heart surgery associated with hemodynamic compromise?
### Response:
| The findings of this study suggest that unless there is a specific contraindication to mild hypercapnia, such as pulmonary hypertension or hemodynamic instability, concerns about mild respiratory acidosis should not prevent weaning of sedation and mechanical ventilation after uncomplicated heart surgery. |
### Instruction:
Is testicular involution prior to sex change in gilthead seabream characterized by a decrease in DMRT1 gene expression and by massive leukocyte infiltration?
### Response:
| The results demonstrate that innate and adaptive immune cells are present in the gonads of gilthead seabream. Moreover, the whole fish population underwent a testicular degenerative process prior to sex change, characterized by high rates of apoptosis and necrosis and accompanied by an infiltration of acidophilic granulocytes and a decrease in DMRT1 levels. |
### Instruction:
Are differences in severity-adjusted pediatric hospitalization rates associated with race/ethnicity?
### Response:
| There are differences in both crude and adjusted admission rates between white and black/Hispanic patients. The results are more consistent with high rates of discretionary admissions for white patients with low illness severity than with underadmitting severely ill black or Hispanic patients. |
### Instruction:
Is bone marrow trephine combined with immunohistochemistry superior to bone marrow aspirate in follow-up of myeloma patients?
### Response:
| It is strongly recommended that BMTB is performed and adequately investigated with immunohistochemistry during follow-up of MM. |
### Instruction:
Are children in Burkina Faso who protected by insecticide-treated materials are able to clear drug-resistant parasites better than unprotected children?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that the children who were protected from malaria by ITCs acquired functional immunity more rapidly than did the control children. |
### Instruction:
Does microdialysis delivery of morphine to the hypoglossal nucleus of Wistar rat increase hypoglossal acetylcholine release?
### Response:
| The data comprise the first direct measures of ACh release in XII and support the conclusion that morphine depresses hypoglossal nerve activity, in part, by increasing ACh release in XII. Activation of mu opioid receptors on inhibitory neurons within XII likely disinhibits cholinergic terminals, causing increased ACh release. The results are consistent with previous studies showing that blocking the enzymatic degradation of ACh in XII significantly inhibited tongue muscle activity. |
### Instruction:
Do slow eye movements and subjective estimates of sleepiness predict EEG power changes during sleep deprivation?
### Response:
| Results suggest that subjective and EEG changes associated with higher sleepiness are paralleled by an increase in slow eye movement activity, but this relationship exists almost exclusively with the eyes closed. Hence, its use in practical and operational contexts seems limited. |
### Instruction:
Does retinal pigment epithelium produce matrix metalloproteinases after laser treatment?
### Response:
| PRP disturbs MMP/TIMP balance, inhibiting the initiation and maintenance required for active neovascularization. The efficacy of PRP may be due to changes in the expression pattern of metalloproteinases and inhibitors. This model elucidates the possible contribution of PRP to neovascularization regression by demonstrating the effect of laser on TIMP/MMP balance. The effects of PRP may be much more complex than currently understood and most likely involve more than vascular endothelial growth factor and other ischemia-related factors. |
### Instruction:
Is specific testing for `` isolated '' anti-52 kDa SSA/Ro antibodies during standard anti-extractable nuclear antigen testing of limited clinical value?
### Response:
| "Isolated" anti-52 kDa SSA/Ro antibodies were detected in approximately 0.5% of standard anti-ENA requests, in which their presence was generally not associated with underlying SS or SLE. In view of the increased testing complexity and costs in detecting and confirming these antibodies, specific testing for isolated a-SSA Ro52 antibodies during standard anti-ENA testing seems to be of limited clinical value in a non-obstetric population. |
### Instruction:
Does mechanical stress induce osteopontin expression in human periodontal ligament cells through rho kinase?
### Response:
| Mechanical stress affects OPN expression in HPDL cells through the Rho kinase pathway. Because OPN participates in bone resorption and remodeling induced by mechanical and biologic signals, these results suggest the significance of stress-induced OPN in HPDL cells in alveolar bone resorption and remodeling. |
### Instruction:
Does dimethyl sulphoxide relax rabbit detrusor muscle by decreasing the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus?
### Response:
| DMSO relaxes rabbit detrusor muscle by decreasing the Ca2+ sensitivity of myofilaments. Inhibition of the kinase activities involved in myosin phosphorylation may play a major role in DMSO-induced Ca2+ desensitization. Inhibition of the cross-bridge cycling at the step of phosphate release may also contribute to the relaxant effect of DMSO. Such relaxant effects of DMSO could be linked to the therapeutic effect of DMSO in interstitial cystitis. |
### Instruction:
Does troponin-I concentration 72 h after myocardial infarction correlate with infarct size and presence of microvascular obstruction?
### Response:
| A single measurement of 72-h troponin-I is similar to serial CK measurements in the estimation of both myocardial infarct size and extent of MVO, and is superior to 12-h troponin-I measurements. |
### Instruction:
Are snacks important for fat and vitamin intakes among rural African women : a cross-sectional study from Malawi?
### Response:
| Snacks are important for energy and nutrient intakes and adequacies in rural African women and have the potential to combat energy and nutrient deficiencies in low-income countries. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin D status and health correlate among German adults?
### Response:
| Vitamin D deficiency is a public health issue in Germany. We identified a number of determinants with potential for primary prevention of vitamin D deficiency. Risk and benefits of preventive actions need to be examined in further studies. |
### Instruction:
Does berbamine selectively induce apoptosis of human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells via survivin-mediated pathway?
### Response:
| Berbamine induces caspase-3-dependent apoptosis of leukemia NB4 cells via survivin-mediated pathway, suggesting that berbamine may be a novel potential agent against APL with a mechanism distinct from that of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). |
### Instruction:
Does a functional map of NFkappaB signaling identify novel modulators and multiple system controls?
### Response:
| The relative locations of the modulators are consistent with an hourglass structure for the NFkappaB network that is characteristic of robust systems. The tissue distribution of the modulators and downstream location of the negative modulators serve as layers of control within the system that allow differential responses to different stimuli. |
### Instruction:
Is methylation of CASP8 , DCR2 , and HIN-1 in neuroblastoma associated with poor outcome?
### Response:
| Our study indicates that clinically aggressive neuroblastoma tumors have aberrant methylation of multiple genes and provides a rationale for exploring treatment strategies that include demethylating agents. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Activation of CXCR4 in human glioma stem cells promote tumor angiogenesis ]?
### Response:
| There are a small fraction of glioma stem cells in human glioblastoma cell line U87. Expressing functional CXCR4 and secreting more pro-angiogenic factors may be involved in tumor angiogenesis mediated by glioma stem cells. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Nitroglycerine promote myocardial oxygen metabolism and regional cardiac function in vivo ]?
### Response:
| NTG enhances myocardial oxygen concentration in normal and ischemic myocardium and may increase oxygen release to the ischemic myocardium in vivo. NTG may have a positive inotropic effect on regional cardiac function. In addition to direct effect on vascular tone, NTG plays important roles in the cardiovascular system by modulating myocardial oxygen metabolism and contractile function. |
### Instruction:
Does impaired glucose tolerance worsen exercise capacity and ventilatory response to exercise in patients with chronic heart failure?
### Response:
| The IGT is associated with worse exercise capacity and ventilatory response to exercise in patients with HF. |
### Instruction:
Is persistent type 2 endoleak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with adverse late outcomes?
### Response:
| Persistent type 2 endoleak is associated with an increased incidence of adverse outcomes, including aneurysm sac growth, the need for conversion to open repair, reintervention rate, and rupture. These data suggest that patients with persistent type 2 endoleak (>6 months) should be considered for more frequent follow-up or a more aggressive approach to reintervention. |
### Instruction:
Is expression level of beta-catenin associated with prognosis of esophageal carcinoma?
### Response:
| Beta-catenin expression in ESCC is of great importance. |
### Instruction:
Is apolipoprotein A-I breakdown induced by thrombolysis in coronary patients?
### Response:
| Significant apoA-I degradation occurs in AMI patients after thrombolytic treatment. This finding may provide a potential mechanism for the apparent reduction of benefit of facilitated versus nonfacilitated PCI. |
### Instruction:
Is lRP16 fused to RUNX1 in monocytic leukemia cell line with t ( 11 ; 21 ) ( q13 ; q22 )?
### Response:
| We identified a novel RUNX1 fusion partner, LRP16 on 11q13 involving t(11;21)(q13;q22). Although it was reported that overexpression of LRP16 promotes human breast cancer cell proliferation, the function of LRP16 in leukemia remains to be studied. This fusion gene and cell line may provide a new research tool to investigate the mechanism of leukemogenesis generated by the RUNX1 fusion gene. |
### Instruction:
Is human blastocyst morphological quality significantly improved in embryos classified as fast on day 3 ( > or=10 cells ) , bringing into question current embryological dogma?
### Response:
| Fast cleaving embryos not only reach the blastocyst stage at a similar rate to intermediate cleaving embryos, but also exceed morphological quality criteria on day 5. Fast cleaving embryo transfers demonstrated a high clinical potential. |
### Instruction:
Is human ClC-6 a late endosomal glycoprotein that associates with detergent-resistant lipid domains?
### Response:
| We conclude that human ClC-6 is an endosomal glycoprotein that partitions in detergent resistant lipid domains. The differential sorting of endogenous (late endosomal) versus overexpressed (early and recycling endosomal) ClC-6 is reminiscent of that of other late endosomal/lysosomal membrane proteins (e.g. LIMP II), and is consistent with a rate-limiting sorting step for ClC-6 between early endosomes and its final destination in late endosomes. |
### Instruction:
Is procalcitonin as marker of infection in patients with Goodpasture 's syndrome misleading?
### Response:
| The measurement of PCT as a marker of infection in patients with Goodpasture's syndrome is misleading. High PCT values might rather point to a severe form of Goodpasture's syndrome with a more unfavourable prognosis. However, further studies with larger patient numbers are needed to prove this hypothesis. |
### Instruction:
Does sodium intake determine the role of adenosine A2 receptors in control of renal medullary perfusion in the rat?
### Response:
| On HS intake, medullary perfusion is controlled by ADO vasodilator (A2) receptors, which may help provide adequate oxygen to the medulla, the zone which normally operates under relative hypoxia. On LS intake, the vasodilator and vasoconstrictor effects are probably in balance and ADO has little role in control of intrarenal circulation. |
### Instruction:
Is iL-4 gene transcription in human T cells suppressed by T-bet?
### Response:
| IL-4 gene transcription is inhibited by T-bet via the suppression of its promoter activity, independently of IFN-gamma. T-bet facilitates Th1 differentiation through not only upregulation of IFN-gamma, but also downregulation of IL-4 gene transcription. |
### Instruction:
Is cardiac autonomic modulation evaluated by heart interval variability unaltered but subtly widespread in the indeterminate Chagas ' disease?
### Response:
| As a group, indeterminate Chagas' disease subjects showed unaltered short-term heart interval variability. Individual somewhat widespread of majority of time- and frequency-domain indices, from depressed to exacerbated ones appears to exist. This conforms to a variable cardiac autonomic modulation in this form of disease, suggesting that the majority of chagasics has no lesions, and a minority has subtle lesions of the efferent innervation-sinus node complex. |
### Instruction:
Does intra-anal application of L-erythro methoxamine gel increase anal resting pressure in patients with incontinence?
### Response:
| Intra-anal application of L-erythro methoxamine can be used to increase MARP in patients with faecal incontinence. Application of 1 per cent L-erythro methoxamine gel produced a rapid, sustained rise in MARP, which raises the possibility of therapeutic application. |
### Instruction:
Do cystic fibrosis heterozygotes have increased platelet activation?
### Response:
| The 50% reduction in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein in heterozygotes is insufficient to cause platelet activation. |
### Instruction:
Is signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 required for optimal foam cell formation and atherosclerotic lesion development?
### Response:
| Stat1 regulates CD36 expression and foam cell formation in macrophages in vitro; the Stat1 regulation of foam cell formation requires CD36. The regulation of CD36 expression by Stat1 may be important in other pathophysiological CD36-dependent events. Stat1 deficiency reduces atherosclerosis in an apolipoprotein e-/- atherosclerosis-susceptible bone marrow transplantation model. |
### Instruction:
Does comparison of Francisella tularensis genomes reveal evolutionary events associated with the emergence of human pathogenic strains?
### Response:
| The chronology of events suggests a substantial role for genetic drift in the formation of pseudogenes in Francisella genomes. Mutations that occurred early in the evolution, however, might have been fixed in the population either because of evolutionary bottlenecks or because they were pathoadaptive (beneficial in the context of infection). Because the structure of Francisella genomes is similar to that of the genomes of other emerging or highly pathogenic bacteria, this evolutionary scenario may be shared by pathogens from other species. |
### Instruction:
Is the antinociceptive effect of systemic gabapentin related to the type of sensitization-induced hyperalgesia?
### Response:
| We conclude that systemic gabapentin is a potent and effective antinociceptive agent in sensitization caused by arthritis and neuropathy but not in the absence of sensitization. The potency of the antinociception was directly related to the intensity of sensitization in the present experimental conditions. The effect is mainly located in central areas in neuropathy since wind-up was significantly reduced, however, an action on inflammation-induced sensitized nociceptors is also likely. |
### Instruction:
Is guideline-adherent antithrombotic treatment associated with improved outcomes compared with undertreatment in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation . The Euro Heart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation?
### Response:
| Antithrombotic undertreatment of high-risk patients with AF was associated with a worse cardiovascular prognosis during 1 year, whereas overtreatment was not associated with a higher chance for major bleeding. |
### Instruction:
Do rheumatoid arthritis patients have elevated antibodies to cross-reactive and non cross-reactive antigens from Proteus microbes?
### Response:
| The elevated levels of antibodies against Proteus antigenic epitopes (which are cross-reactive or non cross-reactive with human tissue antigens) observed indicates that this enhanced bacterial immune response in RA patients is specifically triggered by Proteus microbes. Furthermore, the correlation of anti-peptide antibody indices with the biochemical markers of disease activity indicates that these antibodies exert damaging cytotoxic effects on joint tissues during the course of the disease. |
### Instruction:
Does molecular screening show extensive HIV-1 genetic diversity in Central West Brazil?
### Response:
| Extensive genetic diversity of HIV-1 was observed in Central West Brazil. Continued molecular studies should monitor the changing dynamics of HIV-1 over time especially in areas where the epidemic is growing. |
### Instruction:
Does pretreatment 18F-FAZA PET predict success of hypoxia-directed radiochemotherapy using tirapazamine?
### Response:
| This study provides compelling evidence that hypoxia imaging using (18)F-FAZA PET is able to predict the success of RCT of tumor-bearing mice using the hypoxia-activated chemotherapeutic agent tirapazamine. Pretreatment (18)F-FAZA PET, therefore, offers a way for the individualization of tumor treatment involving radiation. The data suggest that by reserving hypoxia-directed therapy to tumors with high (18)F-FAZA uptake, improvement of the therapeutic ratio is possible, as the therapeutic effect of tirapazamine seems to be restricted to hypoxic tumors. |
### Instruction:
Are increased levels of circulating IL-16 and apoptosis markers related to the activity of Whipple 's disease?
### Response:
| Circulating levels of both IL-16 and nucleosomes were increased in WD. This finding provides simple and non-invasive tools for the diagnosis and the prognosis of WD. |
### Instruction:
Is osteoblast differentiation enhanced in rotary cell culture simulated microgravity environments?
### Response:
| RCC enhances osteoblast differentiation using integrin mediated pathways. |
### Instruction:
Does mifepristone inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo?
### Response:
| These preclinical studies show that mifepristone is effective as a single agent in vitro and in vivo, inhibiting the growth of human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Mifepristone markedly reduces cdk2 activity likely due to increased association of cdk2 with the cdk inhibitors p21(cip1) and p27(kip1) and reduced nuclear cdk2/cyclin E complex availability. Acting as a cytostatic agent, mifepristone promises to be of translational significance in ovarian cancer therapeutics. |
### Instruction:
Does sorafenib inhibit imatinib-resistant KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta gatekeeper mutants?
### Response:
| Sorafenib might be a promising anticancer agent for patients carrying KIT and PDGFRbeta gatekeeper mutations. |
### Instruction:
Does scheduling of radiation with angiogenesis inhibitors anginex and Avastin improve therapeutic outcome via vessel normalization?
### Response:
| The results are of immediate translational importance because the clinical benefits of bevacizumab therapy might be increased by more precise treatment scheduling to ensure radiation is given during periods of peak radiosensitivity. The oxygen elevation in tumors by non-growth factor-mediated peptide anginex suggests that vessel normalization might be a general phenomenon of agents directed at disrupting the tumor vasculature by a variety of mechanisms. |
### Instruction:
Do extraordinarily high leaf selenium to sulfur ratios define 'Se-accumulator ' plants?
### Response:
| The traits of extraordinarily high [Se](leaf) and leaf Se/S quotients define the distinct elemental composition of Se-accumulator plants. |
### Instruction:
Are helicobacter pylori-induced changes in the gastric mucosa associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) activation?
### Response:
| HP infection increases the proliferative rate of gastric foveolar cells in conjunction with an increased apoptotic rate and activation of MAPK(ERK). MAPK activation seems to be a significant and persistent event in the HP-induced neoplastic transformation. |
### Instruction:
Does corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH ) regulate macromolecular permeability via mast cells in normal human colonic biopsies in vitro?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that CRH mediates transcellular uptake of HRP in human colonic mucosa via CRH receptor subtypes R1 and R2 on subepithelial mast cells. CRH-induced macromolecular uptake in human colon mucosa may have implications for stress-related intestinal disorders. |
### Instruction:
Are maternal asthma and maternal smoking associated with increased risk of bronchiolitis during infancy?
### Response:
| Maternal asthma and maternal smoking during pregnancy are independently associated with the development of bronchiolitis in term, non-low birth weight infants without preexisting cardiac or pulmonary disease. The risk of bronchiolitis among infants with mothers who both have asthma and smoke during pregnancy is approximately 50% greater than that of infants with neither risk factor. Efforts to decrease the illness associated with these 2 risk factors will lead to decreased morbidity from bronchiolitis, the leading cause of hospitalization for severe lower respiratory tract infections during infancy. |
### Instruction:
Is lower plasma adiponectin correlated to higher alanine aminotransferase independent of metabolic factors and hepatitis B virus carrier status?
### Response:
| ALT was inversely related to adiponectin levels, independent of the metabolic factors and HBV status. Whether there is any potential prognostic and therapeutic value of adiponectin in human liver diseases remains to be investigated. |
### Instruction:
Is anti-Müllerian hormone substance from follicular fluid positively associated with success in oocyte fertilization during in vitro fertilization?
### Response:
| Oocytes are more likely to be fertilized when follicles are able to make high concentrations of AMH in the follicular fluid. Thus, AMH could be a prediction marker for fertilization. |
### Instruction:
Is gastric feed intolerance increased in critically ill patients with type II diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| In critically ill patients who require prolonged enteral nutrition, a prior history of DM type II does not appear to be a further risk factor for feed intolerance. |
### Instruction:
Is retro-orbital injection an effective route for radiopharmaceutical administration in mice during small-animal PET studies?
### Response:
| The RO administration in mice represents a technical advantage over intravenous administration in being an easier and faster procedure. However, its use requires high specific activity while its value in peptides and other receptor-specific radiopharmaceuticals needs further assessment. |
### Instruction:
Is o6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase downregulated in transformed astrocyte cells : implications for anti-glioma therapies?
### Response:
| Normal human astrocyte cells allow us to generate experimental models of human gliomas by direct manipulation with defined genetic elements, in contrast to tumor-derived cell lines which harbor numerous unknown genetic abnormalities. Thus, we propose that the study using the transformed astrocyte cells would be useful for identifying the mechanisms underlying MGMT regulation in tumor and for the development of rational drug combination in glioma therapies. |
### Instruction:
Do sNPs in the FOXP3 gene region show no association with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in a UK Caucasian population?
### Response:
| Although FOXP3 presents itself as a good candidate for contributing to JIA susceptibility, this study, which was powered to detect associations with genotypic relative risk >2 in the female cohort, has failed to find an association between SNPs in the FOXP3 gene region and JIA. |
### Instruction:
Is ultrasonography a sensitive tool for monitoring localized scleroderma?
### Response:
| USG was found to be a sensitive tool for assessing the activity and extent of LS lesions in paediatric patients. Further studies are needed to assess its general applicability for monitoring these patients. |
### Instruction:
Does angiotensin II protect fibroblast-like synoviocytes from apoptosis via the AT1-NF-kappaB pathway?
### Response:
| Ang II could represent an important mediator involved in FLS expansion, reducing their capacity to undergo apoptosis, through the activation of NF-kappaB and the blockage of caspase cascade. |
### Instruction:
Do weighting condom use data to account for nonignorable cluster size?
### Response:
| The two ways of weighting the GEE score equation, by the sex act or by the respondent, may produce different results and a different interpretation of the parameters in the presence of nonignorable cluster size. |
### Instruction:
Do an evaluation of diarrheal diseases and acute respiratory infections control programmes in a Delhi slum?
### Response:
| Though aware of danger signs of ARI, care takers were still seeking medical advice for mild cases of ARI and doctors were prescribing drugs. Correct home based management e.g. use of ORS, continued feeding etc. was deficient in the community. Knowledge of danger symptoms was low and medical advice was being sought and drugs were being prescribed for ADD, too. |
### Instruction:
Does patient education and regular surveillance result in earlier diagnosis of second primary melanoma?
### Response:
| Upon analysis of our data, subsequent primary cutaneous melanomas were found to be significantly thinner than initial primary melanomas at the time of diagnosis. This suggests that earlier diagnosis may be the result of patient education and careful follow up. Counselling on the risk of developing a second primary melanoma, education regarding clinical characteristics of melanoma, and routine lifelong follow up should be provided to all patients diagnosed with a cutaneous melanoma. |
### Instruction:
Does lithium therapy improve neurological function and hippocampal dendritic arborization in a spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 mouse model?
### Response:
| The effect of lithium on a marker altered early in the course of SCA1 pathogenesis, coupled with its positive effect on multiple behavioral measures and hippocampal neuropathology in an authentic disease model, make it an excellent candidate treatment for human SCA1 patients. |
### Instruction:
Is renal injury during shock wave lithotripsy significantly reduced by slowing the rate of shock wave delivery?
### Response:
| Slowing the rate of delivery to 30 SW/min has a dramatic protective effect on the integrity of the kidney vasculature. This finding in our established pig model suggests a potential strategy to improve the safety of lithotripsy. As it was shown that a reduced SW rate also improves the efficiency of stone fragmentation, a slow rate appears to be a means to improve both the safety and efficacy of SWL. |
### Instruction:
Are naturally produced crystals obtained from kidney stones less injurious to renal tubular epithelial cells than synthetic crystals?
### Response:
| These results indicate that even though both synthetic and naturally produced biocrystals invoke a response from the renal epithelial cells, the latter are significantly less injurious and inflammatory. Exposure to low concentrations of these crystals alone might not invoke an inflammatory response, cause the uncovering of crystal binding molecules on epithelial cell surfaces, and promote crystal attachment and retention. |
### Instruction:
Does angiotensin II play a role in acute murine experimental autoimmune cystitis?
### Response:
| AT(1) receptor blockade ameliorated the inflammatory infiltration, submucosal oedema, and urothelial detachment associated with EAC in mice. This was achieved to a lesser extent by AT(2) receptor blockade. If some patients with IC have a pathophysiology similar to that of EAC mice, there might be potential benefit from AII receptor blockade. |
### Instruction:
Is abnormal PFA-100 closure time associated with increased platelet aggregation in patients presenting with chest pain?
### Response:
| Patients presenting with chest pain who have abnormal PFA-100 closure times have increased platelet aggregation and activation however this aspirin non-responsiveness does not correlate with increased clinical events in the index hospitalization. |
### Instruction:
Does rectal distension inhibit postprandial small intestinal motor activity partially via the adrenergic pathway in dogs?
### Response:
| Rectal distension inhibits postprandial small intestinal motor activity in a distension volume-dependent manner in dogs, and this inhibitory effect is at least partially mediated via the alpha and beta adrenergic pathways and does not involve any alterations in intestinal slow waves. |
### Instruction:
Does gastroesophageal reflux disease lead to major alterations in lectin-binding in the columnar epithelium of the gastroesophageal junction?
### Response:
| Distinct and complex changes in lectin-staining patterns are most prominent in CLE of patients with GERD. The functional relevance of changes in the glycosylation patterns needs further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Alternatively activated macrophages/mononuclear phagocytes promote growth and invasion of breast cancer cell line SKBR3 ]?
### Response:
| IL-4 induces high expression of AMAC-1, a molecular marker of AAM, in the macrophages, and AAM can promote the growth of SKBR3 cells and tumor angiogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Do parvalbumin immunoreactivity and protein content alter in the hippocampus after adrenalectomy in seizure sensitive gerbils?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that PV is changed in hippocampus after ADX and PV may be associated with the regulation of seizure activity. |
### Instruction:
Does side of the stimulated ear influence the hemispheric balance in coding tonal stimuli?
### Response:
| The hemispheric asymmetry in auditory processing depends on the side of the stimulated ear. The more anterior localization of right N100m responses to ipsilateral than to contralateral ear stimulation suggests that there might be differential neuronal populations in the right hemisphere for processing spatially different auditory inputs. |
### Instruction:
Does intracellular localisation of galectin-3 have a protective role in chondrocyte survival?
### Response:
| Altogether these findings indicate that intracellular gal-3 has a beneficial effect in articular cells, as its absence in KO mice led to cartilage lesions. |
### Instruction:
Is tobacco use associated with more severe alcohol dependence , as assessed by the number of DSM-IV criteria , in Swedish male type 1 alcoholics?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that not only smoking, but also snuffing, is associated with greater severity of alcohol dependence, as reflected by the greater number of DSM-IV criteria. |
### Instruction:
Does concurrent alcohol and tobacco use during early adolescence characterize a group at risk?
### Response:
| Concurrent alcohol and tobacco use during early adolescence is associated with characteristics that are well known as risk factors for later alcohol use problems and dependence and that should be targeted by prevention programs. |
### Instruction:
Are antibodies against calsequestrin and type XIII collagen good markers for chronic upper eyelid retraction?
### Response:
| These findings support the notion that autoimmune attack against calsequestrin and collagen XIII in the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle may play a role in the pathogenesis of upper eyelid retraction and that lid retraction may be the dominant feature of ophthalmopathy in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and non-autoimmune thyroid disease. Because calsequestrin is an intracellular protein, the corresponding autoantibodies probably do not initiate LPS muscle inflammation but may contribute to its damage. The mix of antibodies against calsequestrin and collagen XIII may shed light on the diverse presentations found in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. |
### Instruction:
Does chromophore-assisted light inactivation of pKi-67 lead to inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis?
### Response:
| Our data presented here argue for a crucial role of pKi-67 in RNA polymerase I-dependent nucleolar rRNA synthesis. |
### Instruction:
Does intracisternal injection of orexin-A prevent ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats?
### Response:
| These results suggest that orexin-A acts on orexin 1 receptors in the brain to exert a gastroprotective action against ethanol. The vagal muscarinic system, nitric oxide, and prostaglandins may mediate the cytoprotective action of centrally administered orexin-A. |
### Instruction:
Are h pylori iceA alleles disease-specific virulence factors?
### Response:
| The prevalent circulating genotypes in CG and DU were cagA vacA s1m2 iceA2 and cagA vacA s1m2 iceA1 genotype, respectively. It was found that cagA vacA s1m2 genotype seems to be common virulence factors in both CG and DU while iceA alleles show specificity for gastroduodenal pathologies in this study. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Management of soft tissue defect after achilles tendon repair ]?
### Response:
| The Achilles tendon repair, if not well performed, can result in the local soft-tissue necrosis and the subsequent Achilles tendon exposure. If those complications occur, the neurovascular flap transfer should be performed as soon as possible; if necessary, the secondary Achilles tendon repair should be performed, too. |
### Instruction:
Does rosiglitazone ameliorate diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting reactive oxygen species and its downstream-signaling pathways?
### Response:
| Rosiglitazone treatment prevented glomerular injury in diabetic rats, which was closely related with its roles of reducing reactive oxygen species, NF-kappaB activation and MCP-1 expression in the early phase of diabetic nephropathy. |
### Instruction:
Does bDNF promote target innervation of Xenopus mandibular trigeminal axons in vivo?
### Response:
| BDNF is necessary locally to promote end stage target innervation of trigeminal axons in vivo, suggesting that BDNF functions as a short-range signal that stimulates mandibular trigeminal axon arborisation and growth into the cement gland. |
### Instruction:
Is video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery more favorable than thoracotomy for resection of clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer?
### Response:
| Patients undergoing VATS lobectomy for clinical stage I NSCLC, despite having more comorbidities, had fewer postoperative complications. The approaches are equivalent in operative time, blood loss, length of stay, and survival rate. Compared with thoracotomy, VATS lobectomy for patients with clinical stage I NSCLC appears to be a less morbid operation. |
### Instruction:
Is history of childhood candy cigarette use associated with tobacco smoking by adults?
### Response:
| History of candy cigarette use was associated with increased risk of ever and current smoking among this nationally representative online sample of adults. Odds of smoking increased as candy cigarette use increased; these relationships persisted when controlled for sociodemographics. Elimination of candy cigarettes may protect children from products that promote the social acceptability of smoking. |
### Instruction:
Are osteopontin levels associated with cholesterol synthesis markers in mildly hypercholesterolaemic patients?
### Response:
| Tissue markers of cholesterol synthesis were related to plasma OPN, particularly in men. This suggests that there is interplay between OPN and cholesterol metabolism in human cells. |
### Instruction:
Is endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity essential for vasodilation during blood flow recovery but not for arteriogenesis?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that eNOS activity is crucial for NO-mediated vasodilation of peripheral collateral vessels after arterial occlusion but not for collateral artery growth. |
### Instruction:
Does the timing of nutrient restriction during rat pregnancy/lactation alter metabolic syndrome phenotype?
### Response:
| The timing and the rate of IUGR newborn catch-up growth causes markedly altered adult phenotypes. Although delayed newborn catch-up growth may be beneficial in the prevention of adult obesity, there may be significant adverse effects on pancreatic function. |
### Instruction:
Are betamethasone-related acute alterations of microtubule-associated proteins in the fetal sheep brain reversible and independent of age during the last one-third of gestation?
### Response:
| Alteration of neuronal cytoskeletal proteins caused by antenatal betamethasone exposure is transient and independent of age during late gestation. |
### Instruction:
Does saccharomyces cerevisiae FKBP12 bound Arabidopsis thaliana TOR and its expression in plants leads to rapamycin susceptibility?
### Response:
| These results further strengthen the idea that plant resistance to rapamycin evolved as a consequence of mutations in plant FKBP proteins. The production of rapamycin-sensitive plants through the expression of the ScFKBP12 protein illustrates the conservation of the TOR pathway in eukaryotes. Since AtTOR null mutants were found to be embryo lethal 1, transgenic ScFKBP12 plants will provide an useful tool for the post-embryonic study of plant TOR functions. This work also establish for the first time a link between TOR activity and translation in plant cells. |
### Instruction:
Does rosiglitazone decrease 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in subcutaneous adipose tissue?
### Response:
| Part of the beneficial effects of rosiglitazone may be mediated by a reduction in the 11beta-HSD1 mRNA expression and activity in subcutaneous abdominal fat. |
### Instruction:
Does intracardiac impedance monitor hemodynamic deterioration in a chronic heart failure pig model?
### Response:
| In this animal model, changes of intracardiac impedance revealed hemodynamic deterioration as reflected by EDV and EDP pressure. Thus, intracardiac impedance is a promising new application to monitor heart failure status within implantable devices. |
### Instruction:
Is fatty acid binding protein 4 increased in metabolic syndrome and with thiazolidinedione treatment in diabetic patients?
### Response:
| FABP4 plasma concentrations are increased with the early presence of MS components, as well as inflammation and oxidation markers in T2D subjects. TZD increases FABP4 plasma concentrations, reflecting PPARgamma activation. FABP4 plasma measurements could be useful in the management of T2D subjects. |
### Instruction:
Is low phospholipid transfer protein ( PLTP ) a risk factor for peripheral atherosclerosis?
### Response:
| Our results show that in non-diabetic, non-smoking subjects low rather than high PLTP activity is a marker for the presence of peripheral arterial disease and that distribution of PLTP between high-activity and low-activity forms may be compromised in atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Does sub-chronic nicotine exposure induce intercellular communication failure and differential down-regulation of connexins in cultured human endothelial cells?
### Response:
| These results - for the first time - show that nicotine induces functional intercellular communication failure in endothelial cells probably resulting from down-regulated Cx37 and Cx43 expression. |
### Instruction:
Are coronary endothelial dysfunction and hyperlipidemia independently associated with diastolic dysfunction in humans?
### Response:
| Coronary endothelial dysfunction and hyperlipidemia are independently associated with impaired relaxation in patients with normal ejection fraction in the absence of occlusive CAD and heart failure. The current study suggests a new potential mechanism for the development of endothelial and diastolic dysfunction in humans. |
### Instruction:
Does impaired peripheral endothelial function in severe idiopathic pulmonary hypertension correlate with the pulmonary vascular response to inhaled iloprost?
### Response:
| Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension is associated with peripheral endothelial dysfunction. Peripheral endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity correlates with the PVRII. It remains to be established if FMD has the potential as a clinical tool for noninvasive estimation of pulmonary vasoreactivity in IPAH. |
### Instruction:
Do changes in mood predict disease activity and quality of life in patients with psoriasis following emotional disclosure?
### Response:
| Changes in mood following ED predicted improvements in disease severity in patients with psoriasis. However, the degree of improvement did not differ between intervention and control patients. |
### Instruction:
Is combination chemotherapy including combretastatin A4 phosphate and paclitaxel effective against anaplastic thyroid cancer in a nude mouse xenograft model?
### Response:
| Both triple-drug combinations demonstrated excellent antineoplastic activity against ATC. The correlative findings in xenografts were consistent with vascular disruption but not direct inhibition of cell proliferation as the primary antineoplastic mechanism contributed by CA4P. These regimens warrant further investigation in clinical trials for ATC. |
### Instruction:
Are de-escalation therapy rates significantly higher by bronchoalveolar lavage than by tracheal aspirate?
### Response:
| For patients with VAP who have had appropriate treatment and shown a favorable clinical response, mortality and duration of stay can be further improved by de-escalation therapy. |
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