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### Instruction:
Is hairdressing associated with scalp disease in African schoolchildren?
### Response:
| We found associations between hairstyle and disease in our population of schoolchildren. AKN appears to be associated with frequently cut natural hair and TA with relaxed hair. These associations need further study for purposes of disease prevention. |
### Instruction:
Is zinc-finger transcription factor odd-skipped related 2 one of the regulators in osteoblast proliferation and bone formation?
### Response:
| Our genetic observations showed that the Osr2 gene plays a key role in osteoblastic cell proliferation. |
### Instruction:
Is myocardial capillary supply limited in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : a morphological analysis?
### Response:
| Our morphologic findings show that the capillary supply, and thus the coronary reserve, is impaired in HCM with moderate hypertrophy and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. These data may partly explain the limitation of myocardial perfusion in HCM, which is associated with worse prognosis. Furthermore, we present evidence of actual loss of myocardial capillaries in HCM and a defective capillary growth. |
### Instruction:
Does four weeks one-leg training and high fat diet alter PPARalpha protein or mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle?
### Response:
| 4 weeks one leg knee extensor training did not affect PPARalpha protein or mRNA expression. Furthermore, higher fat oxidation during exercise after fat rich diet was not accompanied by an increased PPARalpha protein or mRNA expression after 4 weeks. |
### Instruction:
Does quality of care for gout in the US need improvement?
### Response:
| Suboptimal physician adherence to QIs was seen for all 3 QIs tested in this cohort of veterans with gout. These findings can guide quality improvement efforts. |
### Instruction:
Is the effect of large portion sizes on energy intake sustained for 11 days?
### Response:
| These results strengthen the evidence suggesting that increased portions contribute to the overconsumption of energy and to excess body weight. |
### Instruction:
Does parent overweight predict daughters ' increase in BMI and disinhibited overeating from 5 to 13 years?
### Response:
| Girls growing up in families differing in parental overweight had divergent developmental trajectories for BMI and disinhibited overeating. Findings reveal the need to focus prevention efforts on overweight parents of young children. |
### Instruction:
Do hispanic and Asian pubertal girls have higher android/gynoid fat ratio than whites?
### Response:
| Ethnic differences in fat distribution are partially explained by differences in skeletal dimensions. |
### Instruction:
Are cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary activities associated with adiposity in adolescents?
### Response:
| Both moderate to high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary activities, but not physical activity, are associated with lower abdominal adiposity, as measured by waist circumference. |
### Instruction:
Does birth weight correlate differently with cardiovascular risk factors in youth?
### Response:
| Low birth weight was associated with childhood diabetes. High birth weight was correlated with childhood obesity and diabetes. Our data indicate different relationships between birth weight and the development of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in childhood. |
### Instruction:
Is birth weight inversely associated with central adipose tissue in healthy children and adolescents?
### Response:
| These results provide evidence that, even in childhood and adolescence, a higher birth weight is associated with higher FM and %BF, while a low birth weight is associated with TrFM, adjusted for FM. |
### Instruction:
Are female mice more susceptible to developing inflammatory disorders due to impaired transforming growth factor beta signaling in salivary glands?
### Response:
| These results suggest that female mice are uniquely more susceptible to developing inflammatory disorders due to impaired TGFbeta signaling in their salivary glands. |
### Instruction:
Does allopregnanolone modulate striatal dopamingergic activity of rats under different gonadal hormones conditions?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that ALL could modulate the dopaminergic transmission in the corpus striatum by causing changes in the activity of TH and/or in the pre- and post-synaptic dopaminergic terminals in the corpus striatum. This neurosteroidal mechanism could be a new kind of neurotransmitter systems modulation accomplished on TH activity itself and/or on the second messengers not related to ionic channels. Additionally, our results reinforce the idea of a close relationship between the fast non-genomic mechanism of ALL and the genomic actions of estrogen and progesterone. |
### Instruction:
Does subcellular redistribution of calponin underlie sustained vascular contractility following traumatic brain injury?
### Response:
| Cp migration from cytoskeletal to contractile regions of SM supports its role both in the initiation of vessel contractility and its interaction with cytoskeletal structures subjacent to the cell membrane in SM's contracted state. |
### Instruction:
Is dry eye-induced conjunctival epithelial squamous metaplasia modulated by interferon-gamma?
### Response:
| Conjunctival epithelial response to experimental dryness is related to the degree of CD4+ T-cell infiltration and the level of IFN-gamma production. These findings suggest that IFN-gamma plays a pivotal role in promoting conjunctival squamous metaplasia in dry eye, and they provide insight into the immune pathogenesis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. |
### Instruction:
Do statins improve short-term survival in an oriental population with sepsis?
### Response:
| Short-term, sepsis-related mortality in a septic Taiwanese population was not reduced with statin treatment in our study. We concluded that statin therapy may have little effect on the survival of sepsis in oriental people, particularly in Taiwanese. |
### Instruction:
Does acute enoxaparin treatment widen the therapeutic window for tPA in a mouse model of embolic stroke?
### Response:
| These data indicate that the LMWH enoxaparin can significantly increase the therapeutic time window in a mouse model of embolic stroke. |
### Instruction:
Is self-reported dietary supplement use confirmed by biological markers in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study ( MoBa )?
### Response:
| The biochemical indicators examined in this study confirmed differences in self-reported micronutrient intake between supplement and non-supplement users for vitamin D, beta-carotene, folate, n-3 fatty acids, flavonoids and iodine. |
### Instruction:
Is polymorphism of the DNA repair enzyme XRCC1 associated with treatment prediction in anthracycline and cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy of patients with primary invasive breast cancer?
### Response:
| The DNA repair enzyme XRCC1 is a potential treatment predictor for the outcome and survival of anthracycline and cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy of invasive breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does erythropoietin reduce neural and cognitive processing of fear in human models of antidepressant drug action?
### Response:
| The present study demonstrates that Epo directly modulates brain responses to emotional information in humans in a manner consistent with the actions of conventional antidepressants. The characterization of the effects of Epo in a clinically depressed group is therefore warranted. |
### Instruction:
Does helicobacter pylori induce up-regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in AGS gastric epithelial cells?
### Response:
| Infection of gastric epithelial cells by H. pylori triggers an autocrine loop whereby EGFR transactivation leads to the up-regulation of EGFR expression. This, in turn, may contribute to unrestrained epithelial cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does gene expression correlate of postinfective fatigue syndrome after infectious mononucleosis?
### Response:
| Gene expression correlates of the cardinal symptoms of PIFS after IM have been identified. Further studies of these gene products may help to elucidate the pathogenesis of PIFS. |
### Instruction:
Does primary Gleason pattern impact survival after permanent interstitial brachytherapy for Gleason score 7 prostate cancer?
### Response:
| The primary Gleason pattern did not impact CSS, bPFS, or OS in Gleason score 7 prostate cancer. Deaths from cardiovascular/pulmonary disease and second malignancies were 9.6 times more common than death from prostate cancer. |
### Instruction:
Do regulatory T cells depress immune responses to protective antigens in active tuberculosis?
### Response:
| Specific CD4(+)CD25(high)FOXP3(+) T cells depress the T-cell-mediated immune responses to the protective mycobacterial antigen HBHA during active TB in humans. |
### Instruction:
Is plasminogen an important regulator in the pathogenesis of a murine model of asthma?
### Response:
| The decreased inflammation in the lungs of Plg(-/-) mice and its blockade with a plasminogen inhibitor indicate that plasminogen plays an important role in orchestrating the asthmatic response and suggests that plasminogen may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma. |
### Instruction:
Is tACI expression associated with a mature bone marrow plasma cell signature and C-MAF overexpression in human myeloma cell lines?
### Response:
| We conclude that TACI activation can upregulate c-maf expression which, in turn, controls cyclin D2, and integrin beta7 gene expression. |
### Instruction:
Does cilostazol reduce inflammatory burden and oxidative stress in hypertensive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients?
### Response:
| Inflammatory and oxidative stress is high in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. Cilostazol reduces these factors as well as coronary heart disease risk in diabetes mellitus. |
### Instruction:
Is association between a C/T polymorphism in exon 33 of the thyroglobulin gene associated with relapse of Graves ' hyperthyroidism after antithyroid withdrawal in Taiwanese?
### Response:
| This study showed that Taiwanese patients with the C/C genotype of E33SNP, smoking, ophthalmopathy, and positive TSH-receptor antibodies at the end of the treatment were more likely to have a relapse of Graves' hyperthyroidism after antithyroid medication is withdrawn. |
### Instruction:
Does tumor location affect the results of simple excision for multiple osteochondromas in the forearm?
### Response:
| The effectiveness of simple excision of osteochondromas of the distal aspect of the forearm is influenced by the tumor location and is related to the pattern of the deformity. Simple tumor excision can correct the forearm deformity in patients with an isolated tumor of the distal part of the ulna. Conversely, in patients with tumors involving the distal part of the ulna and the ulnar side of the distal end of the radius, tumor excision alone is a less promising procedure for the correction of the deformity. |
### Instruction:
Does proteolytic degradation of VE-cadherin alter the blood-retinal barrier in diabetes?
### Response:
| These observations suggest a possible mechanism by which diabetes contributes to BRB breakdown through proteolytic degradation of VE-cadherin. This may indicate a role for extracellular proteinases in alteration of the BRB seen in diabetic retinopathy. |
### Instruction:
Is increase in physical activity energy expenditure associated with reduced metabolic risk independent of change in fatness and fitness?
### Response:
| Increasing levels of physical activity may protect against metabolic disease even in the absence of improved aerobic fitness and reduced body fatness. Therefore, the combination of increasing levels of physical activity and avoidance of gain in fat mass is likely to be the most successful approach for preventing cardiovascular and metabolic disease. |
### Instruction:
Is matrix metalloprotease activity enhanced in the compensated but not in the decompensated phase of pressure overload hypertrophy?
### Response:
| The cardiac remodeling process that accompanies the development of POH is a phase-dependent process associated with progressive deterioration of cardiac function. |
### Instruction:
Does waist circumference add to the variance in plasma C-reactive protein levels in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome?
### Response:
| Abdominal adiposity adds to the variance in plasma CRP levels in elderly patients with MSX. This suggests that weight loss or other interventions targeted at adipocyte-related inflammation may represent an important means to prevent subclinical inflammation in the elderly, bearing a high risk of cardiovascular disease. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Influence of interphase nuclei preparation techniques on fluorescence in situ hybridization result in solid tumors ]?
### Response:
| The comparison of different slide preparation methods lays a technology foundation for the FISH application in cancer researches and clinical diagnosis of solid tumors. |
### Instruction:
Does the c-Jun N-terminal kinase JNK participate in cytokine- and isolation stress-induced rat pancreatic islet apoptosis?
### Response:
| JNK signalling participates in islet isolation- and IL-1beta-induced apoptosis in rat islets. Furthermore, the system we used might be more generally applicable for the persistent blockage (several days) of pro-apoptotic pathways in the transplanted islets; this days-long protection might potentially be an absolute prerequisite to help transplanted islets better survive the first wave of the non-specific inflammatory attack. |
### Instruction:
Is reduced peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA content a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that reduced mitochondrial DNA content in peripheral blood is not a risk factor for the development of Type 2 diabetes in the offspring of patients with early onset Type 2 diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Are body mass index and hip and thigh circumferences negatively associated with visceral adipose tissue after control for waist circumference?
### Response:
| HC, ThC, and BMI are positively associated with total, lower-body, and abdominal SAT and SM but negatively associated with VAT after control for WC. However, only HC remained negatively associated with VAT after control for age and WC. |
### Instruction:
Is hIV infection associated with an increased risk for lung cancer , independent of smoking?
### Response:
| HIV infection is associated with significantly increased risk for developing lung cancer, independent of smoking status. |
### Instruction:
Does islet surface heparinization prevent the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction in islet transplantation?
### Response:
| This novel pretreatment procedure prevents intraportal thrombosis and efficiently inhibits the IBMIR without increasing the bleeding risk and, unlike other pretreatment procedures (e.g., gene therapy), without inducing acute or chronic toxicity in the islets. |
### Instruction:
Is cognitive performance in type 1 diabetes patients associated with cerebral white matter volume?
### Response:
| Patients with diabetes demonstrated several subtle neuropsychological deficits, which were found to be related to white matter volume. Since patients with diabetic retinopathy had a smaller white matter volume, this suggests that cognitive decline is at least partly mediated by microvascular disease. This needs to be addressed in future studies. |
### Instruction:
Does bMP-14 gene therapy increase tendon tensile strength in a rat model of Achilles tendon injury?
### Response:
| Adenovirus-mediated gene therapy with BMP-14 expedites tendon-healing in this animal model. No adverse immunological response to the adenoviral vector was detected in the host tissue, and the local production of BMP-14 did not induce unwelcome bone or cartilage formation within the healing tendon. |
### Instruction:
Does novel recombinant interleukin-13 peptide-based vaccine reduce airway allergic inflammatory responses in mice?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that IL-13 peptide-based vaccines could be an effective therapeutic approach in the treatment of asthma. |
### Instruction:
Is the predictive ability of serum alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma linked with the characteristics of the target population at surveillance?
### Response:
| Serum AFP had a fairly stable predictive accuracy for HCC, with an optimal cutoff around 30 ng/ml. ALT level, viral status, and tumor size may significantly confound its ability to detect HCC. |
### Instruction:
Do blood-pressure categories in adolescence predict development of hypertension in accordance with the European guidelines?
### Response:
| The risk of developing hypertension in young adulthood may be predicted by BP categories and BMI at adolescence. |
### Instruction:
Does low serum leptin predict mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5?
### Response:
| Low serum leptin concentration is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 on hemodialysis therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does dipeptidyl peptidase IV deficiency increase susceptibility to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced peritracheal edema?
### Response:
| DPPIV deficiency predisposes to peritracheal edema formation when ACE is inhibited through a neurokinin receptor-dependent mechanism. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful for modeling ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema in rats. |
### Instruction:
Does time to electrode rewarming after cryoablation predict lesion size?
### Response:
| Time to cryoablation electrode rewarming is a better predictor of cryoablation lesion size than is electrode temperature. Time to cryoablation electrode rewarming reflects important determinants of cryoablation lesion formation--convective warming, contact pressure, and electrode orientation--that are not ascertainable during clinical ablation procedures. |
### Instruction:
Does the F box protein S phase kinase-associated protein 2 regulate adipose mass and adipocyte number in vivo?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that Skp2 regulates adipogenesis and ultimate adipocyte number in vivo; thus, Skp2 may contribute to obesity involving adipocyte hyperplasia. |
### Instruction:
Do modifications to an Fcgamma-Fcvarepsilon fusion protein alter its effectiveness in the inhibition of FcvarepsilonRI-mediated functions?
### Response:
| Optimization of GE2 as an inhibitor of FcvarepsilonRI-mediated functions showed that effectiveness was maintained when potentially immunogenic linker sequences were removed and Ig domain positions were reversed, but specific residue changes within the IgG C(H)2 domain aimed at enhancing GE2's inhibitory function by increasing FcgammaRII binding or additionally decreasing FcgammaRIII binding were not beneficial. |
### Instruction:
Is cD23 recognized as tumor-associated antigen ( TAA ) in B-CLL by CD8+ autologous T lymphocytes?
### Response:
| In sum, CD23-derived peptides were shown to be naturally processed and presented as TAA in primary B-CLL, enabling the expansion of autologous tumor-specific T cells. |
### Instruction:
Is 1 % hydrocortisone ointment an effective treatment of pruritus ani : a pilot randomized controlled crossover trial?
### Response:
| A short course of mild steroid ointment is an effective treatment for PA. |
### Instruction:
Does post-conditioning protect from cardioplegia and cold ischemia via inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore?
### Response:
| Post-conditioning protects the rat heart against cold ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our data suggest that this protection involves inhibition of MPTP opening. |
### Instruction:
Does cardiac myocyte transplantation increase global epicardial repolarization heterogeneity in a rat infarct model?
### Response:
| Both fetal cardiomyocyte engraftment in the normal myocardium and coronary ligation increased repolarization heterogeneity. However, fetal cardiomyocyte engraftment in an infarcted region did not further increase repolarization heterogeneity. |
### Instruction:
Does overexpression of RhoE have a prognostic value in non-small cell lung cancer?
### Response:
| RhoE expression may serve as an unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. |
### Instruction:
Are impairments in antifolate transport common in retinoblastoma tumor samples?
### Response:
| These results would support consideration of a phase II study to determine the effectiveness of trimetrexate for recurrent intra-ocular retinoblastoma. |
### Instruction:
Is gastric mucin expressed in a subset of endocervical tunnel clusters : type A tunnel clusters of gastric phenotype?
### Response:
| Type A TC of gastric phenotype could be related to lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia of gastric phenotype. The pathogenesis of gastric metaplasia in TC remains unclear. |
### Instruction:
Is nuclear survivin associated with disease recurrence and poor survival in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma?
### Response:
| Nuclear presence of survivin may be an independent biomarker for disease recurrence and overall survival in patients with Stage I and II melanoma. |
### Instruction:
Do patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia have decreased epinephrine reserve and defective glycemic control during prolonged moderate-intensity exercise?
### Response:
| CAH patients have defective glycemic control and altered metabolic and hormonal responses during prolonged moderate-intensity exercise comparable to brisk walking. |
### Instruction:
Does d-dimer concentration increase with age reducing the clinical value of the D-dimer assay in the elderly?
### Response:
| The vidas D-dimer assay with a threshold value of 500 ng/mL has little clinical value as an exclusion test in patients more than 80 years old. The assay specificity is poor (26%) in patients aged 60-80 years but could be improved by increasing the threshold value to 1000 ng/mL. We believe that this should be tested in a prospective trial. |
### Instruction:
Does a green tea extract high in catechins reduce body fat and cardiovascular risks in humans?
### Response:
| The continuous ingestion of a GTE high in catechins led to a reduction in body fat, SBP, and LDL cholesterol, suggesting that the ingestion of such an extract contributes to a decrease in obesity and cardiovascular disease risks. |
### Instruction:
Does biliopancreatic diversion reduce QT interval and dispersion in severely obese patients?
### Response:
| Ventricular repolarization abnormalities are significantly increased in subjects with SO. Reduction of QT abnormalities after BPD is independent of weight loss and is caused by the 100% reduction of glucose plasma shortly after surgery. This effect may be related to surgical interruption of the entero-insular axis. |
### Instruction:
Do mitogen-activated protein kinases mediate interleukin-1beta-induced receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand expression in human periodontal ligament cells?
### Response:
| In human periodontal ligament cells, three types of MAPK inhibitor may abrogate RANKL expression and activity induced by interleukin-1beta, directly or indirectly through partial suppression of prostaglandin E2 synthesis. In addition, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signals may co-operatively mediate interleukin-1beta-stimulated RANKL expression and its activity in those cells. |
### Instruction:
Does mAK-4 and -5 supplemented diet inhibit liver carcinogenesis in mice?
### Response:
| Our results show that a MAK-supplemented diet inhibits liver carcinogenesis in urethane-treated mice. The prevention of excessive oxidative damage and the up-regulation of connexin expression are two of the possible effects of these products. |
### Instruction:
Is the S447X variant of lipoprotein lipase gene associated with metabolic syndrome and lipid levels among Turks?
### Response:
| In especially Turkish women, compared to non-carriers, carriers of the LPL X447 allele have higher levels of HDL-C, LDL-C and total cholesterol, and show a degree of protection against developing the metabolic syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Does a missense mutation S228P in the CRYBB1 gene cause autosomal dominant congenital cataract?
### Response:
| This study identified a novel mutation in CRYBB1 gene in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant congenital cataract. These results provide strong evidence that CRYBB1 is a pathogenic gene for congenital cataract. |
### Instruction:
Does pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate reduce lung injury caused by mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion in a rat model?
### Response:
| This study showed that postischemic treatment with PDTC significantly attenuated the lung reperfusion injury. Further clinical studies are needed for better understanding of the specific mechanisms of PDTC protection against I/R-related organ injury and to clarify whether PDTC may be a useful therapeutic agent during particular operations where remote organ I/R injury occurs. |
### Instruction:
Are perioperative vasopressors associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal anastomotic leakage?
### Response:
| Vasopressors appear to increase anastomotic leaks threefold, independent of clinical/surgical status or hypotension. Evidence-based guidelines are warranted for the optimal use of vasopressors in postoperative patients admitted to the ICU. |
### Instruction:
Does minocycline block acute bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction in jaundiced Gunn rats?
### Response:
| Minocycline 50 mg/kg 15 min prior to an intervention that normally produces acute bilirubin neurotoxicity is neuroprotective in jaundiced Gunn rat pups. Further studies are needed to investigate the temporal course and mechanism of neuroprotection. Minocycline, administered immediately, may be clinically useful in treating extreme neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and preventing kernicterus. We believe our model provides an efficient in vivo model to screen and evaluate new agents that are neuroprotective against bilirubin toxicity and kernicterus. |
### Instruction:
Is home blood pressure as reliable as ambulatory blood pressure in predicting target-organ damage in hypertension?
### Response:
| These data suggest that home BP is as reliable as ambulatory monitoring in predicting hypertension-induced target-organ damage, and is superior to carefully taken office measurements. |
### Instruction:
Do bosentan and losartan ameliorate acute renal failure associated with mild but not strong NO blockade?
### Response:
| We concluded that experimental post-ischaemic ARF is neither AII nor ET mediated in case of strong NO blockade, but, in more realistic conditions of mild NO deficiency, these peptides represent significant players whose receptor blockade expressed relevant therapeutic potential. |
### Instruction:
Does parathyroid hormone stimulate the endothelial nitric oxide synthase through protein kinase A and C pathways?
### Response:
| PTH induces an increased activity of the eNOS system; probably both PKA and PKC pathways are involved in this activation. Such data may explain the vasodilation observed after acute treatment with PTH. |
### Instruction:
Is high membrane transport status on peritoneal dialysis associated with reduced survival following transfer to haemodialysis?
### Response:
| The survival disadvantage associated with high peritoneal membrane transport status during PD treatment does not persist following transfer to HD. Early transfer to HD may be beneficial in this patient group. |
### Instruction:
Are genetic variants in the NOD2/CARD15 gene associated with early mortality in sepsis patients?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate a major role of NOD2/CARD15 coding variants for SRM. This may be indicative for a role of impaired barrier function and bacterial translocation in the pathophysiology of early sepsis related death. |
### Instruction:
Does b and T lymphocyte attenuator inhibit antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways?
### Response:
| BTLA inhibits antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways by preventing IL-5 production from Th2 cells. |
### Instruction:
Does theophylline attenuate the neutrophil-dependent augmentation of eosinophil trans-basement membrane migration?
### Response:
| Our results show that theophylline can attenuate the neutrophil-dependent augmentation of eosinophil TBM. This effect is possibly attributable to the suppression of neutrophil activation provoked by the combination of basement membrane and IL-8. |
### Instruction:
Do eosinophils enhance the trans-basement-membrane migration of neutrophils?
### Response:
| Neutrophils migrated by IL-8 may lead eosinophils to accumulate in the airways of patients with severe asthma. On the other hand, it is unlikely that eosinophils migrated by chemoattractants such as CC chemokines regulate neutrophilic inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Does nutrition education alone improve dietary practices but not hematologic indices of adolescent girls in Iran?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that nutritional education can improve knowledge of healthy nutrition and lifestyle choices. Focused nutritional education using available resources and correcting current dietary habits in a vulnerable group of young women may result in dietary changes that can ultimately improve iron intake. |
### Instruction:
Do milk thickeners influence anthropometric indices in childhood?
### Response:
| No association was found between the use of milk thickeners and weight-for-length/height z-scores in the first and fourth years of life. Future studies in other contexts would be helpful to further test this hypothesis. |
### Instruction:
Does a postural change test improve the prediction of a radiological maxillary sinusitis by ultrasonography in mechanically ventilated patients?
### Response:
| In case of a partial sinusogram, a postural change increases the accuracy of ultrasound to diagnose RMS. |
### Instruction:
Do sensory-motor and cognitive tests predict driving ability of persons with brain disorders?
### Response:
| Compared with other studies, SMCTests have shown the highest predictive accuracy against true on-road driving ability as estimated in an independent data set and in persons with brain disorders. SMCTests also have the advantage of being able to comprehensively and objectively assess both sensory-motor and higher cognitive functions related to driving. |
### Instruction:
Does mild episodes of tourniquet-induced forearm ischaemia-reperfusion injury result in leukocyte activation and changes in inflammatory and coagulation markers?
### Response:
| Tourniquet induced forearm ischaemia-reperfusion injury results in increased adhesiveness, trapping and activation of leukocytes. We report that, even following a mild ischaemic insult, this leukocyte response is immediately followed by evidence of increased inflammatory response, coagulation activity and endothelial damage. These results may have important implications and this pilot study may lead to a series of trials that shed light on the mechanisms of ischaemia-reperfusion injury, including potential points of therapeutic intervention for pathophysiological conditions. |
### Instruction:
Does n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide identify patients at high risk for adverse cardiac outcome after vascular surgery?
### Response:
| A single postoperative NT-proBNP determination provides important additional prognostic information to preoperative levels and may support therapeutic decisions to prevent subsequent structural myocardial damage. |
### Instruction:
Are single nucleotide polymorphisms in the P2X7 gene associated to fracture risk and to effect of estrogen treatment?
### Response:
| The P2X7 Glu496Ala and the Ile568Asn single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with 10-year fracture risk in postmenopausal women and response to hormone replacement therapy treatment. Further, the Glu496Ala polymorphism is strongly influencing osteoclast apoptosis in vitro, which could contribute to increased fracture risk. |
### Instruction:
Is glucose phosphorylation required for insulin-dependent mTOR signalling in the heart?
### Response:
| Phosphorylation of glucose is necessary for insulin-dependent mTOR activity in the heart, suggesting a link between intermediary metabolism and cardiac growth. |
### Instruction:
Does endothelial nitric oxide synthase promote neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation by inhibiting tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 expression?
### Response:
| Our study suggests that eNOS promotes neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation by inhibiting TIMP-3 expression. |
### Instruction:
Are a CBS haplotype and a polymorphism at the MSR gene associated with cardiovascular disease in a Spanish case-control study?
### Response:
| Our results not only highlight the involvement of the MSR and CBS genes in the etiology of cardiovascular disease, but also emphasize the strength of haplotype analyses in association studies. |
### Instruction:
Does drospirenone increase endothelial nitric oxide synthesis via a combined action on progesterone and mineralocorticoid receptors?
### Response:
| DRSP acts on endothelial cells via a combined action through the P and MRs. These results help to interpret the anti-hypertensive effects of hormonal therapies containing DRSP. |
### Instruction:
Is laparoscopic surgery safe for large adrenal lesions?
### Response:
| Our data show that patients with tumours > or = 60 mm with no preoperative or intraoperative evidence of malignancy can undergo laparoscopic adrenalectomy without evidence of recurrence on short term follow up. These findings are concordant with the growing body of literature supporting laparoscopic adrenalectomy for potentially malignant tumours > or = 60 mm in size without preoperative or intraoperative features of malignancy. |
### Instruction:
Does risedronate reduce postoperative bone resorption after cementless total hip arthroplasty?
### Response:
| These outcomes suggested that risedronate might reduce the periprosthetic bone resorption after cementless THA. |
### Instruction:
Is the alternative pathway critical for pathogenic complement activation in endotoxin- and diet-induced atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate that amplification of complement activation by the alternative pathway in response to lipopolysaccharide or high-fat diet plays a proatherogenic role. |
### Instruction:
Is eBV-infection in cardiac and non-cardiac gastric adenocarcinomas associated with promoter methylation of p16 , p14 and APC , but not hMLH1?
### Response:
| Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is significantly more frequent in EBV-associated GC compared to EBV-negative GC. Our data add new insights to the role of EBV in gastric carcinogenesis and underline that EBV-associated GC comprise a distinct molecular-pathologic as well as a distinct clinicopathological entity of GC. |
### Instruction:
Is tumor necrosis factor-α associated with positive lymph node status in patients with recurrence of colorectal cancer -- indications for anti-TNF-α agents in cancer treatment?
### Response:
| TNF-α expression by tumor cells may be an efficient immunological escape mechanism by inflammation-enhanced metastases and probably by induction of apoptosis in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ immune cells resulting in a down regulation of the tumoral immune response. Our data support the role of tumor-derived TNF-α expression as an important promoter of tumoral immune escape mechanisms and malignant progression, and suggest that analysis on either protein (immunohistochemistry) or RNA level (RT-PCR) can be used effectively in this respect. Targeting TNF-α may be a promising option, especially in cases with high TNF-α expression and positive lymph node metastases. |
### Instruction:
Are maternal C-reactive protein levels in pregnancy associated with wheezing and lower respiratory tract infections in the offspring?
### Response:
| Higher CRP levels in pregnancy are associated with wheezing and LRTIs in offspring. However, genetic variation in CRP influencing maternal levels is not related to these phenotypes. |
### Instruction:
Is poor nutrition a relative contraindication to negative pressure wound therapy for pressure ulcers : preliminary observations in patients with spinal cord injury?
### Response:
| In SCI patients with Stage III/IV pelvic PrUs, NPWT did not significantly influence the rate of healing. Additionally, in malnourished individuals (albumin <3.0 mg/dL), NPWT was not efficacious. Healing outcomes in the NPWT group were significantly influenced by albumin levels, whereas no such disparity was noted between the healing and nonhealing PrUs for the NoNPWT group. Nutritional status appears to be important in the effectiveness of NPWT. |
### Instruction:
Do diacylglycerol kinase β knockout mice exhibit lithium-sensitive behavioral abnormalities?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that DGKβ KO mice exhibit lithium-sensitive behavioral abnormalities that are, at least in part, due to the impairment of Akt-GSK3β signaling and cortical spine formation. |
### Instruction:
Does mitochondrial monoamine oxidase-A-mediated hydrogen peroxide generation enhance 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction of rat basilar artery?
### Response:
| 5-HT caused an increased generation of mitochondrial H₂O₂ via MAO-A-mediated 5-HT metabolism, which caused a greater inhibition of BK(Ca) gating in basilar artery myocytes, leading to exaggerated basilar artery tension development in SHR. |
### Instruction:
Does α-TEA-induced death receptor dependent apoptosis involve activation of acid sphingomyelinase and elevated ceramide-enriched cell surface membranes?
### Response:
| Taken together, these studies demonstrate that ASMase activation and membrane ceramide accumulation are early events contributing to α-TEA-induced apoptosis in vitro and perhaps in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does heme oxygenase-1 prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through suppressing hepatocyte apoptosis in mice?
### Response:
| The present study provided evidences for the protective role of HO-1 in preventing nutritional steatohepatitis through suppressing hepatocyte apoptosis in mice. |
### Instruction:
Is α1-Adrenoceptor-mediated contraction of rat aorta partly mediated via transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor?
### Response:
| Contractions of rat thoracic aorta mediated by α(1) -adrenoceptors involved transactivation of EGFR, mediated via a PI3K and ERK1/2 dependent pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does qVA149 demonstrate superior bronchodilation compared with indacaterol or placebo in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
### Response:
| QVA149 demonstrated rapid and sustained bronchodilation with significant improvements compared with indacaterol monotherapy and placebo in patients with COPD. |
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